Succus Acatiae SUccus Acatiae is a forrein medicine for which we use the juice of Sloes it doth refrigerate binde and repell it stayeth all fluxes of the belly healeth excoriations of the intrals strengtheneth much the stomack helpeth appetite healeth ulcerations in the intrals either used in Glisters or eaten in agelly The dose whereof may safely be ℥ i. at one time or 2. ℥ cannot offend but I hold the infusion thereof or the decoction of it to be the aptest medicine because of the grossnesse of the sustance thereof Succus Glycirrhizae SUccus Glycirrhizae or juyce of Licorice in all his qualities is temperate but exceeding in heat somewhat it doth lenifie the throat and mitigate the asperities of the arteries cleanseth the bladder and is good for the cough moveth expectoration and is very profitable against all vices of the lungs and throat Succus Limonum SUccus Limonum or juyce of Limons expelling and refrigerating cleareth the skin of morphew killeth handworms and is of special use to bridle the heat of melancholy to help sharpe and contagious fevers is good to cause a pleasant tast in potions c. and Cordials It is very cordial of it self and the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy to be drunk at all times for it mightily openeth all obstructions and refresheth and restoreth nature Pulpa Tamarindorum PUlpa Tamarindorum the pulpe or juice of Tamarinds is a medicament excellent and well approved of against Scurvy as well for opening the obstructions of the liver and spleen as for comforting and refreshing the blood and spirits decayed or stopped Also it purgeth choler allayeth the heat and fury of blood cureth sharpe fevers and the Kings evil extinguisheth thirst and all heat of the stomack and liver stoppeth vomiting and is good for the Chollick Pilulae Aggregativae PIlulae Aggregativae so called either from the Agaricum or the aggregation of many vertues that are said to be therein for they are profitable for many affections of the head stomack and liver they purge flegme choler and melancholy and therefore are of very good use against continual fevers and inveterate diseases It is described by Mesues whose dose is from two scruples to a dram and a half But beware of the use of these pils where the flux raigneth for Agaricum in such bodies as are incident thereto is a dangerous medicine I speakthis of experience wherefore remember it Pilulae Aureae PIlulae Aureae or golden pils being in colour like aurum or gold because of the saffron in them they are cholagogall attracting choler yea and flegme too from the inferiour and superiour venter and therefore purge the head senses and eyes and restore the eye sight They were first made known by Nicolaus Myrepsus who was the first inventer of them their dose is like that of the pils Aggregative Pilulae Cochiae PIlulae Cochiae deriving their name from a Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a grain pils being formed small and round like grains of Cicers do purge both choler and flegme from the head the liver and from all other parts wherein such humours are contained and are found described first by Dr. Rhasis who is their supposed Author The dose is divers as before sometimes great sometimes small but ʒ i. is the ordinary dose Pilulae de Euporbio PIlulae de Euphorbio pils of Euphorbium receiving Mesues for their Patron are vertuous against the dropsie and Scurvy for they calefie the stomack and intrails purge water abundantly prevail also in removing the cause of tumours and bring aide for the pain of the loines and gout proceeding from too much humidity they are effectual in the quantity of one scruple or half a dram and may be mixed with Pilulae Cochiae Pilulae Cambogiae PIls of Cambogia are good to cleanse the head and refresh the sight to purge choler flegme or melancholy from the stomack or spleen they open obstructions and thereby profit well in the cure of the dropsie and scurvy and for the cure of Icteritia flava or the yellow Jaundise they are very good This Cambogia is much used in Holland and Germany and Doctor Harvey of St. Bartholomews Hospital calleth it purging saffron and giveth it in pils per se in which manner given it purgeth both wayes forcibly but the pils here mentioned purge onely downwards very gently their dose is ʒ ss their composition shall be mentioned in his due place Pilulae Ruffi PIlulae Ruffi or Pestilentiales Ruffi subscribing to Ruffus their inventer a famous Physition and fitting for the pestilence and plague do rather prevent infection then cure the infected for by reason of the aloes the body is freed from excrements by myrrha from putrefaction and by Saffron the vital faculties are quickned but infection once possessed is not alwayes by such light cordials and gentle laxatives removed their dose agreeth with that of Pilulae Aureae they are very stomachal for they refresh much the stomack and in any oppressions of the stomack where gentle purging is required they excell Benedicta laxativa BEnedicta laxativa or the blessed laxative doth mightily open obstructions purgeth choler flegme and all clammy humours from the joynts reins and bladder and is termed Benedicta because it benignely looseth the belly The dose is ʒ ii Pulvis Arthriticus Paracelsi THis is a laxative powder made onely of four vegetables and one Animal simplex with the addition of sugar to give it the more grateful tast the dose is to ʒ i. at the utmost besides the sugar I can speak of the pleasure and profit I have had by this mean purging powder I say pleasure for that it is so pleasant and easie to be taken and profit to me many wayes for it is my general purging medicine when I would purge downwards upon any repletion of the body or general cause of evacuation downwards and I find it indifferent in purging any offending humour according to the commendations the Author giveth of it I can no more misse this plain and harmlesse ready purge then I can misse my Salvatory Oswaldus Crollius a most learned late Writer hath set down this onely purge for the cure of the Podagra giving it this breif commendation It purgeth safely and gently all podagrical defluctions and in truth whosoever shall have occasion of the use thereof will have cause to commend it and knowing it will find small need of Pulvis Hollandicus or Pulvis sanctus whose dose at sea must be at the least two drames being nauseous and unsavoury whereas ʒ ss of this will do as much with great facility and without tortions or gripings of the guts which other compositions cause I use to give it to strong bodies in white wine to weaker in sack but at sea for a need it may be given in fair water and some sirupe to help the tast thereof which neverethelesse is not ungrateful of it self Trochiscus de Absinthio TRochiscus de Absinthio or of
71 O. Oleum 257 Oleum Absinthii Commun 50 Chimic 53 Oleum Amigdalarum Amararum dulcium 50 Oleum Anethinum 48 Agarici 49 Anisi 52 Antimonii 52 Chamomelinum 48 Cariophillorum 51 Hypericon composit simplex 48 Juniperinum 52 Laâ—inum 49 Liliorum 48 Lini 49 Lumbricorum 48 Macis 51 Origani 53 Ovorum 49 Papavorum 50 Petreoli 50 Philosophorum 52 Rosarum 48 Sambucinum 49 Scorpionum 50 Spicae 52 Succini Chimicè 53 Sulphuris per Campanam 51 Terebinthinae 52 Vitrioli 51 Opium 66 Opopanax 71 Orpiment vide Auripigmentum Oximel simplex 54 Oyntments fit for the Chirurgions Chest 31 P PLaces 10 Payl of Brasse 24 â—5 Philonium Persicum Romanum Tarsense 60 Phlebotomie with instructions concerning blood-letting 19 20 Phlegma Vitrioli 212 257 Phlegmes 11 Piger Henricus 257 Pillulae Aggregativae 61 Aureae 62 Cambogiae 62 Cochiae 62 de Euphorbio 62 Ruffi 62 Pills how to be hardened and dryed up 166 Piper nigrum 70 Pipkins 24 Pix Burgundiae Graeca Navalis 73 Plaister-box with appurtenances 16 Plaisters for the Chirurgions Chest 27 Plantane water 42 184 Plague what it is 323. what parts are most subject to the plague 324. natural causes 326. precedent signes 327. signes presaging death 328. Gods tokens with the manner of them 333. Directions for preservation from Infection 334. Fumes to purge aire in houses 337 338. Cordials 340 364. loosenesse unsafe Burges receit 343. Electuar de Ovo good in the Plague 344. Diatessaron good in the plague 346. Cordials for women with child 347. Pillulae Ruffi their vertue and dose in the plague 348. Plague not cured by solutives 351. danger of Laxatives 352 359. Julips for the diseased of the plague 354. against swâ—uning 355 Blood-letting good in the plague and sweating to be used 357. Venice Treacle good in the plague 360. Diet for the sick of the plague 361. Angena mendosa incident to people in contagious times with the cure 362. cure of pains in the head of those who are infected 363. Emplasters and Cataplasmes to draw and heal Buboes Blaines Carbuncles 364. 365 366. Aurum vitae a rare Experiment to cure the Plague by sweating the manner of using it 367. Lastly Certificates from S. Margarets Westminster to the Lords of the Councel concerning the effects of this and another Certificate from the Major and Justices of North-hampton touching the cures done by the Aurum vitae Plumbum album 76 Philosophorum 257 ustum 77 Polypodium 65 Porringers for blood-letting 23 Gally-Pots 24 Praecipitate vide Mercury Precipitation 273 Probation ibid. Probes with use of them 8 Procidentia Ani vide Exitus Ani. Projectio 273 Prolectatio 273 Pullicans 10 11 Pulpa Tamarindorum 61 Pulvis 257 Pulvis Arthreticus 63 Punchies 10 11 Purgatio 273 Purificare 257 Putrefactio 257 273 Q QUartation 273 Quicksilver Vide Mercury Quils for stitching 18 Quinta Essentia 258 273 Quinta Essentia Vini 258 273 R Radices Altheae 82 Angelica ibid. Chinae 66 Consolidae major 82 Pyrethri ibid. Raphani silvestris ibid. Rasion 274 Rasour 2 Ravens Bills 7 Realgar 258 Reductio 274 Repurgation ibid. Resina 73 Resolution 274 Restinction ibid. Restrictive necessary in a fracture 150 Retorta 258 Reverberation 258 274 Rhabarbarum 64 Rob. Berberum Cidoniorum 55 Rosa solis 38 Rosae rubrae 78 Rose-vineger 44 Rose-water Damask Red. 41 Rosemary 80 Rosemary-water 39 S SAbina 82 Saccharum 69 Saith Saturni 179 240 Sal. Absinthâ—i 216 Askoli 259 Anomoniac ibid. Colkotharis ibid. Communis 258 Gemmae ibid. Nitri 47 317 Petrae 258 Tartari 259 Salts the antiquity and kinds 206 what uses it serveth to and the necessitie ofit 207 208 209 210 211 c. Salvia 81 Salvatory with appurtenances 16 Sapo 259 Sarsaperilla 66 Saffron 66 Of Copper 252 Of Iron 252 Sassafras 67 Sassafras water 39 Sagapaenum 72 Sanguis Draconis 74 Saw for Amputating 5 158 Saw for the head 5 Scammonium 64 Scorbutum or Scurvie what it is the nature and names of it the causes 161. signes of it 162 163. the cure by Lotions 169. by baths oyles and Vnguent 170 171 172 the cure for the ulcers of the Scurvie ibid. Searces 24 Section 274 Segregation 274 Semen Anethi 69 Anisi 68 Carui 68 Cardui 68 Faeniculi 68 Faenugraeci 68 Lini 68 Papaveris 69 Petroselini 69 Plautaginis 69 Quatuor frigida majora frigica minora 69 Serginge Large Small 12 13. Separation 274 Sheeres for Incision 8 Siccation 274 Sigillum Hermetis 259 Sikes 11 Silke for the stitching needles 18 Silver vide Luna Sizers 17 Skillet 24 Sol or Gold 239 Solution 259 274 Sope. 259 Sorrell 171 Spatulae's Great Small 9 17 Spatula Mundani 9 Speculum Ani. 6 Linguae 6 Oris 5 Speculum Oris with a screw 6 Sperma Ceti 74 Sphacelus what it is the way of Amputating of the Sphacelated part 387. Amputation made better by experience 388 Spiritus Terebinthinae 46 Vini 45 259 Vitrioli 212 Splints 24 Spleene and the diseases of it cured 28 Spodium 75 Spunges 24 Stercus Caninum vide Album Graecum Stibium 75 Stiching 18 Stone in the bladder to search it by Cathetor and searching candle 15 Storks bills 7 Strainers 24 Stratification 274 Statum super stratum 259 Styrax Calamita Liquid 72 Stephens water and its vertues 38 Subduction 274 Sublimare 258 Sublimation 274 Subtiliation 274 Succinum 73 Album 259 Citinum 259 Succus Absinthii Aâ—aciae Glicerhizae Limonum 61 Sulphur in generall what it is and its vertues 76 221 222 223 224. Sulphur Commun Philosophorum 258 Sumach 75 Syncope what it is with the cure 88 Syrupus Absinthii 53 Cinamoni 53 Limonum 53 Papaveris 53 Prunellorum 55 Raphani silvestris 54 Rosarum simplex solutivuÌ„ 54 Violarum 54 T TAlcum 260 Tamarinds 165 Tapes 24 Tartar 260 Teeth how to be drawn out 10 Tenasmus what it is cure 9 201 202 Terebellum 7 Terra 260 Theriaca Andromach 59 360 Diatessaron 53 146 Londinensis 57 Thread and needles 24 Thimum 81 Tigillum 260 Tinderbox 24 Tin or Jupiter 248 Torrefactio 274 Tow. 12 24 Transmutatio 274 Transudatio 274 Trafine a new invented instrument which worketh farre better and more safe then the Trapan 313 to 318 Tragacanth 73 Trapan with the use 3 Trochisoi de Absinthio 63 Alkandal 63 Minio 63 Spodio 64 Tumors not to be incised 1 Tumor defined in its kind 87 Tumores 260 Turbith 260 Turpethum Cathapsaris 65 Tutia 77 260 V. VEines must be opened 19 20 Vein how to be opened 20 Venus or Copper 239 Veriuice 43 Vitriolum 76 212 Vitriolum album 215 Vitriolum ustum 215 Vitriol mel 216 Vitrioll called Colkother vide Colkother Vitrification 274 Vitrum 260 Vlcers cured 147 148 c. Vlcus 260 Vnguentum Album Camphoratum 32 Aegyptiacum 31 Apostolorum 31 Aragon 36 Aureum 31 Basilicon 31 Dialthaea composit simplex 34 Diapompholigos 32 contra Ignem 33 Martiatum 36 de Mercurio 34 Nutritum 32 Pectorale 32 Populeon 33 Potabile 34 Rosatum 32 contra Scorbutum 34 Saponis Mel. 33 Triapharmacon 32 Vrina 260 Vstion 274 Vvapassa 70 Vvula spoone 21 W. VVAters for a Surgeons Chest vide Aqua Waters vocat Hot Waters in what quantitie to be taken when good sometimes put in Glisters 41 Wax lights 15 Weights and scales 24 310 Wormewood water 40 Wormew od salt 216 Wormes a cause of Disenteria 183 Wine vinegar 44 White Paper 24 Wounds in generall with cures 85 Wounds in the Arteries 86. Nerves and ligaments 86. Head Face Nose Eares eyes hands in Thorax c. 88 Wounds by Gunshot 93 94 Z ZInziber 71 FINIS
Nature that is onely every day or the second day a naturall stool or an artificial help by suppositories or glysters if there be great necessitie not otherwise and if a Fever happen give him a barley water with a little oyle of Vitrioll therein and if that help uot open a vein on the contrarie side and if you fear putrifaction of humours give him a little Diatesseron Triacle or Mithridate or the like if he complain much of the pain search the cause namely see that the ends of the bones lie right and that the splints gall him not also that there be no wrinckles in the clouts applied The ingredients of a restrictive the manner of composing it and that it be not too hard or too soft bound all these things duely considered The Medicines I use are as followeth either I use a restrictive stuffe which is as followeth â„ž Bole â„¥ iij. Aluminis Thus ana â„¥ ss Radix Consolidae in powder â„¥ ij Lapis Zabulosus â„¥ i ss These all made into fine powder and mixed with the yolkes and whites of two egges together if they may be had adding wine vineger and mixed as much as will serve to make this medicine into the form of a Cataplasme and in want of egges use water and vineger onely so much as is needfull also if Comfry roots be not to be had or Thus they may be forborne you may in their places for need though not so very well use Bean-meal I have done very well many times onely with Allum Bole Egs water and vineger though Bean flower is also very good or Wheat flower and as for the medicine called Lapis Zabulosus here recited it is a medicine found out in the Arch-Duke of Brandenburg his Countrey named in the Germane Tongue Bc in broucke which in our language is a broken bone being in substance like chalk and in form like a bone some pieces like ribs other like fingers others like legs or armes bones of nature so growing This medicine I know to excell many other in healing Fractures both outwardly applied in Cataplasmes and inwardly taken daily the quantitie of Ê’j in fine powder in wine beere or water the patient fasting for two houres after the taking thereof In great Fractures the Germane Chirurgions prescribe this aforesaid medicine dayly to be taken for twentie foure dayes if they see cause so long to use it The other form of application to Fractures used and commendable as I have said and from which I am digressed is a good strong Lixivium made with fresh water and ashes till it be slipperie namely let the water be made seething hot ere the ashes be put in adding if th ey be ready or may be had in the Ship these hearbs following St. Johns wort Wormwood Centaury Rosemary Sage Camomile and Mellilote flowers or at the least some of them also you may adde Lupines thereto but howsoever though there be no herbs adde salt good store when it is cleared but not before and then though you have neither hearbs nor lupines it will be of good force for it is the vegetable salt in the ashes which is the best healer the next best is the minerall or Sea-salt wet the clowts rehearsed therein and wring them out hard and apply them smooth close and hot about the member binding it so up this second form is esteemed of most Artists the safer for avoyding Gangrenes which fractures are much incident unto by reason of great store of contused bloud gathered that can hardly be discussed on the instant which thereby causeth obstructions whereupon followeth inflammation and pain and consequently a Gangrene and surely the first is not inferiour to this for by the means of the Allum and the Vineger it swageth pain tempereth well the parts and yet repelleth and discusseth the bloud gathered and being once baked to it fortifieth mightily the member by sticking close and hard to it I have used it long without repcntance and the other sometime but for that it helpeth of it self to keep the member to his straightnesse I the rather use it Observation for the cure of the great bone of the legge fractured These things ready I mean the one or the other form suppose then the greater fossill or bone of the leg were fractured make true extention as is said that both ends of the bones meet together namely let one strong man take the one end of the fractured limbe and another the other end thy self standing free and let them draw out the member directly when thou art ready and not before neither by jumps but leisurely and together likewise if they bear their hands too high or too low in drawing they cause great pain to the Patient How to know when the â—â—ds of the bones meet arâ—ght and likewise cause the bone to lie unapt to thine hand to reduce it It is known when the ends of the bones meet for that not onely the member is returned to his former beautie again but also by it much of the pain is eased for it is a sure rule if the pain abate not all is not well The bone I say first well reduced bring your stuffe formerly rehearsed and put it under the leg the parties that extended not forsaking their hold and lap it about smooth and close as you can without wrinckles lumps or seams and that the ends may also fold smooth one over the other wrapping it double and smooth over the shin bone the cause why I use to fold it double on the shin bone leaving it there to be opened is that if it chance there be a wound it may be dressed the better without undoing all but if no wound be yet it fortifieth the bone the better by the doublenesse thereof being smooth then lay your next cloth broader and longer then the first over the first being wet in water and vineger if there be cause and wrung out Let the second cloth I fay as also the first be longer then the splints that the ends of the splints may rest thereon and not on the bare leg placing the splints in their order about the leg till you have compassed the leg laying them as is said not too close together that they ride not one over another neither touch each other nor come upon the ioynts remembring to put all your tapes under together in number it were fit to have five or sixe namely two on each end and two for the midst Also if there be a wound you must so order the matter that you may daily apply to the wound necessary medicines whereas otherwise if there be no great cause namely through much pain or the like you may well forbear six daies or ten daies provided that you see the leg be straight and well laid in an even position or form and that it may lye the safer it were good to be provided with the afor esaid bundles of reeds or bents as thick as the leg or thicker to come
affirmeth it safe and good of his own Practise and M. Richard Wood a worthy Father in Chirurgery confesseth the same in small joynts to be good but not in the knee Note also it is convenient if the occasion of dismembring grow by reason of a Gangrene the body of the party and spirits not wasted before with long sicknesse to let go some reasonable quantity of blood in dismembring because it is supposed to be venomous but in a spent weak body who hath had a long pining disease preserve his blood and spirits as careful as if they were thine own and yet remembring this one rule which all the London Hospital Chirurgions hold there is more hope in a weak spent body then in a full body note further that if the legg be taken off above the knee there is the more danger also there is great care to be had to the great vein and artery namely that thou take them up and pierce them thorow and make strong ligature about them which must be speedily done if thou canst do it but at first I fear thou wilt miss yet be not discouraged nor stand too long to seek them but go on with like hope Also if the occasion of dismembring proceed of a Gangrene by reason of an inward cause it were requisite to take the member off four fingers above the Gangrene at the Least if the member will bear it and let the Patient have some cordial potion furthermore in dismembring where there be two bones as namely in the leg it is not amiss to set the Saw first on the outward part of the leg that both the bones might be cut at once for the lesse thou shalt shake the member the better and the more ease to the Patient moreover concerning the second The composition of M. GallesVaguent and the good use of it dressing M. Gall teacheth this unguent following if occasion be as a good remedy to swage pain and cause the Eskar to fall but for my part except pain did cause me I should never respect the hasting of the Eskar to fall for I am of opinion as I have said in other places that it is frivolous to hasten the fall of any Eskar whatsoever which Eskar was forced by caustick medicines and yet I deny not this or the like unguent may be found to be of good use to swage pain therefore I have set it down and it is as followeth â„ž Terebinthine â„¥ ij Butyrirâ—ceâ—tis â„¥ iiij Cera â„¥ i ss Ung. Populeon lib. ss melt these together and it is made then being warmed dip plegents therein and apply them but in want of this ungueâ—t a good digestive of Tâ—â—ebinthine and the yolk of an egg is as good Erplastrum de minio mollified with a little oyl of Roses Ung. Basilicum or Arceus Liniment are likewise good remedies the rest of the cure differeth little from the ordinary cure of ulcers only a great care must be had that all your dressings be warm and keep the cold from the end of the stump as much as you can and chiefely from the end of the bones to which purpose warm oyl of Roses daily applyed to the ends thereof will do well further to foment it with a good Lixivium wherein is strong wine is good after some fourteen daies sometimes also it will do well to make one dressing with Aqua viâ—â—e wherein a stup hot wrung out of the same may be warm applyed to the grief and then warm clothes and convenient rowlings and sometimes also one dressing with dry lint or of soft tow is likewise good and sometimes unguentum mixtum viz. Basilicum Aegyptiacum ana partes aequal The compositiâ—â— of the Cataplasme The defensative Cataplasme or stuff often mentioned is made of the ordinary restrictive powder prescribed in the chest mixed with the white of an egge and wine venegar the strongest restrictive of all is already set down but in ordinary fluxes in wounds Bole may serve very well Thus much for this time touching dismembring being according to mine own practise Of the Scurvy called in Latine Scorbutum The Preface Marineâ—s most subject to the Scurvy THis lamentable disease which hath so long and so fiercely assailed Saylers and Sea-men of all sorts more then Landmen It is strange in so many ages past that no one Chirurgeon of our countrey men hath out of his experience taken in hand sincerely to set down to posterities the true causes signes and cure thereof neither left any instructions caveats or experiences for the prevention or cure of the same yet it may be some may say the cure thereof is common and we have in our own countrey here many excellent remedies generally known as namely Scurvy-grasse Horse-Reddish roots Nasturtia Aquatica Worm-wood Sorrel and many other good means the truth is we have so but mark how far they extend onely to the Cure of those which live at home or else it may be said they also help some Sea-men returned from far who by the natural disposition of the fresh air and amendment of diet nature her self in effect doth the Cure without other helps as daily it is seen This thing therefore being so what should I spend my time in teaching that Method or those medicines to the Chirurgions Mate which will not be had at Sea neither if they could be had will suffice for the Cure thereof where the disease raingneth fiercely This Treatise most concerneth Sea-men Having therefore very small time I must constrain my self to go briefely to the businesse in hand namely to enform the Chirurgions Mate how he should demean himself to comfort his Patients at Sea in that most dangerous disease neither will I here strive to give the curious Reader other content then this that if he like it not let him amend it himself which I should heartily rejoyce to see any good man do knowing mine own weakness A learned Treatise befits not my Pen and to declare those good medicines which cannot be had at Sea is but time lost What the Disease called the Scurvy is Definition of the Scurvy and the nature thereof THE Scurvy is a disease of the spleen whereby it is sometimes wholly stopped sometimes onely distempered sometimes also appearing with hard Scyrros swellings beginning and shewing themselves in divers parts of the body but more particularly on the thighes and leggs causing them to seem of a Leady colour the sharpnesse of which infectious humor oft offendeth the mouth and gummes of the diseased and causeth the flesh thereof to rot and stink The names of the Disease The divers appellations thereof THe Scurvy is called of some Cathexia universalis of other Sceletyrbe and of some Stomacacen it is a Chronical disease not simple but compound of many other diseases The causes of the Disease FIrst the Disease comes as is said by obstructions of the spleen and by the thicknesse of the humour not the multitude Some judicious Writers do affirm
sit over the fume of Franckincense Manuall help or Amber with a chafing dish and a few coales in a close stoole is likewise very good this disease in our climate for the most part by skilful Physitians and Surgeons is well and speedily cured but in the Indies it is very hardly cured in so much that many have To sit 〈◊〉 died of it partly by the great wilfulnesse and disorder of the Patient and by your leave also by the ignorance of the Surgeon being a thing they had not been warned of before nor practised in and by not having good remedies and instruments fit at hand to give men help wherefore let young Artists have a care to these afore mentioned rules and medicines not scorning them A fume And among other needfull instruments for poore Sea-men in fluxes never be unfurnished in the ship of one or two close stooles with doores to them and Brasse pailes that poore miserable men in their weaknesse may be eased thereon and not to be constrained to goe to either the beak-head or shrouds as they term it for that not onely increaseth the disease but also causeth the falling down of the care to be bad Ano or Arse-gut a fearful accident except the Surgeon be very careful diligent and ready handed in which cases all nicenesse lazinesse and disdainfulnesse too much cleaving to some young men must be laid aside for the very omitting of his dutie in reducing the gut fallen A dangerous accident may easily be the death of the Patient whose bloud will cry to God for revenge Wherefore young Artists that professe to fear the Almightie ought to be compassionate to the meanest creature in this disease as they would others should do to them in the like case and not even otherwise Petrus Bayerius an ancient learned Writer alledging Galen in his second book de locis affectis defineth this disease as followeth It is saith he tearmed Dysenterium whereas varietie of substances are sent out with the excrement producing excoriation with dolour and pain as if somewhat were shaven from the small guts and that shaven saith Admonition to young Artists he proceedeth from the choler and turneth to ulceration of the guts and is compleat in two weeks or proceedeth of a glassie coloured substance and hath its termination in foure weeks or proceedeth of a Melancholy humour and is in perfection in forty daies first beginneth the fluxe then followeth the excoriation c. But to trouble the Reader much or my self with long definitions either of the causes or signes of this disease my leisure will not permit me and the rather will I not insist thereon for that in reading I find divers learned and reverend Writers that have entred into long discourses of the signes and causes of this grief prescribing divers methodical rules and yet Ambiguity impertinent they conclude of the cure of Dysentery for the most part of them with a kind of Emperical form of curing namely some reciting one some another medicine for the general cure of this disease many of them ending without any rational or methodical form at all which argueth in my opinion that it is impossible either to finde out all the causes thereof or to prescribe any one true form for the general cure of the same but the discreet Chirurgion must be armed with judgement in these following principles namely that if he perceive it to proceed by fulness of bloud or humours to seek the health of the Patient by sundry the most rational and fittest evacuations as namely Advise to the Artâ—st bleeding purging and slendernesse of diet then also to proceed to medicines which take away the acrimony and heale the inward parts then to those which are Anodine and doe cause rest A learned French Chirurgion named Guillemeau writing a Treatise of this Guillimeau his opinion disease in his conclusion saith as followeth The Empericall Medicaments which the methodical Physitians so disdain and esteem of little worth are those which we through our experience and through the diuturnal use of them have found to be most excellent which being used with judgement are not to be disdained seeing that Galen Ground of Arts. himself testifieth that the Physitian must be established on two foundations to wit reason and experience whereof reason is as it were the soul of the same which measureth and pondereth all things and experience the body as a provident Tutour and Schoolmaster Rubarb pray sed wherefore seeing that experience teacheth us that Rubarb in what manner soever we administer the same but especially the infusion thereof is very commodious and profitable in this disease as likewise is Spiritus Vitrioli with Rose-water and Plantane-water and also being administred with Cinamon water saith Guillemeau there is a sugarlike dulcor or sweetnesse extracted out of Lead which never deceived thehope of the right reverend Master Duion a very learned Physitian where of I have attained the best of these discourses the tincture of Coral and of yellow Amber extracted with Aqua vitae is in operation admirable also Crocus Martis or flos Surphur is being in season administred with the Conserves of Roses Marmalet Citron rindes Saccbaram Saâ—â—â—i with other such like things are very commodious because among natural things I know nothing exsiccateth more and opposeth it self more against all corruptions To conclude there are innumerable sorts of remedies which we must so compound that they may have one similitude or one Analogy with the disease finally we must in extream Dysentery for the last remedy indeavour tâ—â—â—itigate the pain with narcotical things as is the Oleum Jusquiâ—â—â— mandragorae the cold seeds the Philonium requies Nicolai and many other such like compositions which are unto this disease used and which may not be administred except great judgement and advise had thereon Thus much what people most subâ—ect tâ— this disease and where out of Guillimeau This disease chiefly afflicteth Souldiers in Warres and Sea-men in long Voyages and namely in hot countries chiefly when after short and hard allowances they shal happen on the sudden to get great store of raw fruit fresh meat flesh or fish or any other great change of pleasant diet in which cases reason and judgement as the principal helps are to be used as for instance this disease is incident much to such as change the place of their abode for a farre hotter or a far colder Countrey but chiefly into hotter witnesse the mortalitie through that disease which hath often befalne our Souldiers in the wars in France c. As also now at Bantham how much doth it afflict them that live there Moreover as is said if it proceed of repletion evacuation and thin diet is the mean to proceed in the beginning of the cure thereof if it proceed of an acrimonious fretting humor then one of your first helps must be a present purge if strength will bear it namely
the disease hath his beginning the more dangerous it may be adjudged By the complaint of the sick you shall know partly in what part of the body the disease is though not alwayes if the small guts be in the fault there is alwayes great pain about the navil but if it be in the gut Duodenum colon or rectum then the chief pain is in the lower parts of the belly according to their places The causes of the Flux with the signs of death This disease proceedeth sometimes by Apostumation of the small guts and then it is exceeding painful before it come to a Flux neither can any anodine glyster prevail at all to give ease till the full suppuration of the guts be perfected and that the Apostume be brâ—ken If this disease proceed from a former great obstruction either of the liver of the lungs or the speen there is small hope of life to be had Also when convulsions of the sinews singultas and vomitting or any one of these signs especially the two first appear then commonly death is at hand One learned Writer rehearsing Hippocrates for his Author saith that usually before death in this disease a black or blewish spot will appear behind the left ear of the sick which I also have seen observing it of late you shall find Plantane water to be a very good liquor to give any dry medicine in for the flux especially where there is any complaint of Plantane water and seeds and roots are very good for the flux heat or excoriation Plantane seeds are also good and so is a decoction of the roots of Plantane very good for that use or for glysters where it may be had The purging medicines which are called Diauretick or that provoke urine are also praised by Writers but I leave them to be done with great judgement onely if you use any medicine to cause urine the powder of yellow Amber is a sure one and without any manifest hot or offensive quality so is the powder of the Sea-horse peezel and the morse tooth of any of which if you give Ê’j for one dose you may safely do it but ℈ is sufficient at once Oyl of Terbinthine and of Amber are good diauâ—â—tick medicines and much more fotceable then the former but not so fit in this disease but rather good to drive gravel from the kidneys and serve well touching the The giving of vomits require great care and a good judgement cure of many cold and slothful diseases as the Dropsie Scurvy Lethargy and the like A vomitive medicine is not amiss in Fluxes whilst the party hath strength but the young Artist may easily make an error small in shew which notwithstanding may quickly cost a man his life wherefore if he attempt in such eases to cause vomit as one principle let him have care to the true dose of his medicines but first let us have good confideration whether it be convenient to use any such medicine or no for where easier medicines will cure never attempt greater but mistake me not I speak these things of love onely to children in Art and not to grave Artists from whom I would gladly learn my self Further I advise the younger Artists not to strive to stay a Flux as is said in a full body till nature be first unburthened partly by the disease and partly by medicines fit But as concerning Phlebotomy rehearsed as necessary in the cure of this disease do it not without great discretion and judgement for the Patient weakned formerly with so terrible a sicknesse and his spirits spent bleeding by a vein not advisedly done may suddenly overthrow and kill him yet again I must confesse that rule holdeth not generally CERTAIN SIGNES PROGNOstications and instructions which I hope will not be unprofitable for YOUTH concerning Fluxes The signs preceding the flux THe Signs of the disease are alwaies manifest of themselves the signs afore-running or demonstrating of the instant disease are these following Pain and torture of the intestines or ventricle Galen testifieth cap. 2. locorum affectorum in the very beginning of a Flux saith he sharp choler is sent forth wringings and as it were off-scouring or off-shavings of the intestines appear then after there followeth a little blood and then beginneth the disease Dysentery and by the relation of the Patient it will often appear if the pain be above or below the Navil A painful slow expulsion of the excrements of the belly with small fragments bloody and fatty do argue the higher intestines to be affected but if the grief be lower a pain below the The excrements in fragments and fat therewith Navil shall torment the Patient then you shall see much fatnesse with fragments and those fragments of the lower intestines will be more grosse and lesse mingled with the excrements A Dysentery slaying popularly and killing many may be adjudged contagious and is thought to follow a pestilential constitution and if in the times of a general infection by the disease Dysentery or Lientery a white Flux called Diarrhaea with Tenasmus appear in the Patient that party a little after shall be afflicted with the Dysentery The Ulcers of of the small intestines are more dangerous then the ulcers of the greater Difficulty of the intestines if it proceed from a black choler is held mortal Aph. 24. Sect. 4. Mortal signs in the Dysentery Long difficulties of the intestines hunger and wearinesse are evil signes and it is so much the worse if it be with a fever â—ph 3. Sect. 6. Every Flux especially if it be Dysenterial happening after a long sicknesse is mortal but chiefly if it be sudden because it argueth a sudden corruption of humours and great debility A Flux drawing to a languishing dropfie is mortal If in a Dysenteria a blew blew spot appear behind the ear the Patient shall dye The Fluxes that are from the beginning waterish and afterwards like an unguent are evil In all Fluxes of the belly and in all other diseases of weaknesse of the appetite inconstancy of the minde heavinesse in sleep imbecility of the legs a hoarse and barking voice a weak pulse beating often pains over the whole body chiefly about the belly blacknesse of the face or of a deadly or leady colour and coldnesse in all the extreme parts theseafore-said signs foretel evil but the signs contrary to these aforesaid are healthful The Hicket after an immoderate flux of the belly is mortal A good sign Belching following a Flux of the belly is good because it is a sign that nature hath received or again begun concoction A bad sign A flux of the belly which is not appeased by fit remedies is pernitious A pestilent flux of the belly beginning with lienteria Dearrheae or Tenasmus is worse in children then in ancient men as experience teacheth If that by the difficulty of the Intestines the excrements come forth like peeces of flesh it is a deadly sign Aph. 26.
well to incorporate which done and that they are mixed all in one and added to the former the Laudanum is readie onely if you could forbear your Medicine so long that it might afterwards stand in a small Alimbeck of glasse with a blinde head one moneth it would be much the better To compose this Opiate aright is bâ—rd to a Bungler This Medicine though it would put many that professe much knowledge in the Art of the Apothecarie to their trumps truely to prepare it yet to an artist which is a true preparer of Medicines it is plain and pleasant to be done and once done it is for his whole life a sure medicine and will do the work-master credit that useth it I have the rather explained this medicine for that so many grosse and dangerous compositions are daily hatched up and uttered abroad for currant under the name of Laudanum Paracelsi opiati to the extream hazard of the lives of very many and to the great prejudice of the Common-wealth from the danger whereof God deliver each honest Christian And for that the younger sort of Artists should not easily be deceived with false compositions though I confess it is Marks to discern the false from the true Laudanum not possible to espie some cunning deceits which may passe in farre plainer compositions then this is yet take these few notes following when you would buy it for remembrances First note that the medicine is fals if it be uneven I mean if it have any course or grosse thing in it so that it will not all clearly dissolve as a juice of Liquorice well made will Notes of the true Laudanum For this is an infallible rule extracts are the pure parts of things and will wholly dissolve or be dissolved Further note that if either honie or sugar be found in the medicine it is false Also if it be more liquid then the ordinarie bals of Liquorice made up in London it is false or foolishly made and will not keep Also if it retain the lothsome smell of Opium it is not to be trusted Also if it be not merely of one colour so that you see nothing of the ingredients appear at all it cannot be good For assure thy self this composition truely made must be smooth and well smelling of such an indifferent hardnesse that without additions you may roule it into pils and is not greatly ponderous or heavie but it is of an unpleasant taste I must tell thee and therefore I use to give it as I have said in a pill except necessitie by weaknesse of the Patient when he cannot swallow a pill urge the contrary or that I use it in outward griefs as to othache c. Iliaca Passio ILion or Iliaca Passio is a most painful disease proceeding from an A fearful viâ—â—â—ation obstruction of the small guts which suffering nothing to passe downwards causeth a great wringing and pain so that many which are oppressed with this disâ—ase do perish and die a very miserable death ending their dayes with their feces or their own excrements issuing out at their mouthes and it is many times noted for a disease infectious Iliaca and Colica differ in place This woful kind of belly-ache or Iliaca Passio differeth from the Collick in the situation in that it hath his place and being in the smal guts and the chollicke onely in the great guts so that a vomit sometimes giveth ease herein but glisters seldome or never give any help for that seldome any thing will be brought forth downwards though the glisters be never so strong but herein the help that is to be hoped for by glisters is farre better effected by the glister Siringe then by the glister bag for one may deliver it with that Instrument with as great force as you please Causes THe causes of this disease are almost one with the Chollick both which are obstructions in the small or great guts and proceed chiefly of three causes as saith Dominicâ—â— Lâ—â— namely 1 The drinesse of the ordure or excrements 2 Abscessus or a bâ—le or a botch in the guts 3 Thick and drie humours Also this disease sometimes commeth by distemperature of the aire being very cold also by a blow or bruise upon the gut â—lion the inward causes may be very many namely by drinking of poyson or cold water meats of hard digestion binding of the belly and such like Signes or tokens THe signes or tokens whereby this disease is known are as Galen affirmeth 7. Aphoris 19. is an intolerable pain and wringing in the upper part of the guts and no excrements descending downward Sometimes it moveth heavie and sore vomits so that the very feces are vomited upward of which disease or grief scarce any in that kind doe escape as Galen witnesseth lib. 6. cap. 2. I have seen the like in a A fearfull vomiting Rupture by reason of a part of the gut Ilion that was fallen through the Peritoneum into Scrotum that could not be reduced the sick vomited his excrements and died the second day Also much watching sometimes causeth great pain in the small guts or Ilion unrest strong Note Convulsions cold in the extream parts and if any feces be gotten forth of the fundament by any means they being put into water will swimme aloft Item if this grief come of poyson drunke then the Patient will suffer Tremor Cordis soundings debilitie of the faculties of the body and vomit doe commonly goe before the pangs and all these aforesaid signes are usually more vehement and stronger then in the Collick Prognostica VVHen the Iliack cometh with distilling or dropping of urine the partie dieth within seven daies Galen aphoris 44. except an Ague happen so that in the mean time sufficient quantitie of urine do come Item vomit the Hicket foolishnesse or idle convulsions are evilâ— signes Avicen upon the 7. aphor 10. A deadly sign The vomiting upward of the excrements deadly yet young folks escape in this disease sooner then old folks A good sign The Ilion where the pain doth change from place to place is of least danger because it dependeth or proceedeth of winde which is easily rosolved Another The breaking of winde upwards or downwards and stinking much is evil and deadly as also the excrements much stinking is the like Cure Promise nâ— cure IN the cure of this disease no Physician or Chirurgion respecting his credit will take upon him absolutely the cure thereof especially if the Scurvie be confirmed in the patient but with protestation of death if the Patient doe vomit the feces or excrements upward but if the Promise no cure Scurvie be not yet confirmed in the Patient then the cure of this disease differeth little from the cure of the Collick and may be indifferently used and is all one but that onely the stronger medicines and greater diligence is to be used in the Iliack then in the Collick which if
put in practise as preparing the humours by evacuation remission and resolution all which require some long time and therefore other meanes are first to be used to take away the paine or at least to mitigate the same with Anodines first Anodine medicines and the due application of convenient helps of warme and moist temperatures which not helping you must againe Necrotical medicines if need have recourse to Necroticall and Stupifying things which indeed are not to be used but in great extremities to give the patient some present ease Anodine medicines are to be adminstred so well inwardly as outwardly as first inwardly namely in glysters consisting of moist and fat substance as the decoction of Camomill Dill Linseed Mellilot Mallowes Hollihock Fenigreek Bayberies or some of these with one ounce of the new extract of Cassia and some suger with Linseed oyle and butter administred Outwardly these are to be applyed either Unctions Cataplasmes Fomentations Baths or some such like convenient medicines as time and place best fitteth But if these should not help then in great extremities you are to flie yet againe to Necroticall or stupifying medicines as namely Landanum Paracelsi which exceedeth all Necroticis or Philonium Romanum is also a good medicine these are onely to be used in causes proceeding of heat and never of cold causes for in cold causes that were rather to confirm the disease and yet in the judging whether the cause be hot or cold sometimes a good Artist deceives himself If the Collick come of winde then you must apply warm resolving medicines I mean dissolving and dispersing medicines Notes to be considered of by the Chirurgion in the beginning tf the Cure of the Collick FIrst whilst the meat is yet in the crude gut I mean before it be digested A caveat and turned into excrement no loosing medicines are to be administred but rather a small and spare dyet and in the beginning to begin with mollifying glysters and then afterwards to proceed with more sharp and stronger But before all things if the Patient have a full stomack and withal queasie after a glyster then a vomit is principally Glysters and vomits to be administred Secondly Repletion or overfulnesse as well as too much fasting is to be avoided Thirdly no Agarick is to be used in any of your medicines for the Collick because that cleaveth to the guts and most bringeth terrible pain and tortions yet Stokinus a learned Germane Writer doth Beware of Agaricum highly extol the same to be put in Glysters to give it present ease Fourthly you must by cordials have a care to preserve the Liver Heart and Head least they be hurt or offended by the vapours and A caveat over-much heat of the oyntments cataplasms and fomentations which are usually applyed to the parts agrieved Fifthly in the beginning over vehement warmings are to be avoided A second caveat especially if the Collick proceed of the dry feces for thereby they be the more dryed Sixthly cold water is to be avoided and not any waies to be permitted to be used to quench thirst withal but rather let the patient use some stewed prunes Julip of Violets conserves and such like or a barly water with a few drops of oyl of Vitriol and some licoras are good Specifical remedies Specifical things that cure the collick are very many as horse-dung drunk in wine hares-dung or hen-dung drunk in Oxicratium where such may be had Also the powder of Harts-horn corral cockel-shels burnt or swines hoofs burnt or Calcined till they be white and such like according to the diversity of the causes Further in the particular cures of this disease there are very many things observed by the learned Physitians according to the diversity of the causes which were too much to trouble the Chirurgions Mate withal at this present as the ayre dyet and divers other good helps to the cure of this grief which cannot be observed at sea onely fish and water-fouls are to be avoided as much as may be The Cure To cure the Collick which cometh by means of the feces remaining and being dried up which happeneth most commonly at the sea in long voyages and especially in hot countries there are three sundry intentions to be observed The first to mollifie the feces and supple the guts Secondly in Evacuating to discharge the belly Thirdly to remove or take away the cause of exsiccation or drying up of the feces or excrements The first is performed with glysters made of common oyl or butter with the decoction of Mallows Violets Beets c and by drinking oyl of sweet almonds or a decoction of Polypodium The second thing which doth bring forth the mollified feces or excrements is Cassia fistula or Manna or Diaphenicon or Hiera or sharp glysters The third intention curative if it could be attained to at Sea were to remove first the external causes of the disease as over-warm ayre over-salted dry meats and small quantity of food fasting watching melancholy and the like inwardly to help the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty with Treakle Mithridate Conserva rosarum or the like cordial helps helping also the expulsive faculty with glysters and such like good things For further inward remedies you may use the aforesaid glysters or half a drachme or Ê’j of Sulphur vivum drunk in warm wine and the belly well covered with warm clothes helpeth somewhat Item Carraway seeds made warm in wine but not boyled therein being drunk helpeth Item a glyster made of Sope and Honey is a present remedy Item a bag stuffed with bran and made very warm sprinkled a little with vineger and applyed to the belly is good Item Goats milk or other milk boyled with honey and applyed to the belly with a spunge or cloth warm in manner of a foment healeth the Collick and driveth away worms and ceaseth the pain Item the gall of a bullock Salgem Aloes common oyl ana partes equales mingle them and make an oyntment thereof wherewith annoint the fundament before the fire that looseth the belly and bringeth forth the hard feces Tenasmus The definition of Tenasmus TEnasmus or Tenasmus as Hippocrates calleth in his sixth Aphorisme and in the seventh book is a disease of extention or straining out of the right gut called intestinum rectum being oppilate or stopped and of some English writers it is called Costivenesse This disease as Galen saith in his second book De methodo medendi is when a man hath an extraordinary provocation lust or desire and a vehement straining to go to the stool but cannot void any thing at all except sometimes some small quantity of slymy matter which now and then is mixed with blood or a bloody substance and the extraordinary desire of emptying or going to the stool ceasing The causes of Tenasmus outward and inward Outward as Cold. Heat Drought A corrupt asire Bathing in cold wâ—ter Necrotical ointments Inwardly as salt humours
This disease preceedeth of divers causes and accidents both outwardly and inwardly Outwardly by cold coming accidentally to the hinder parts arsegut as the long sitting upon a cold stone upon iron a boord upon the cold ground or any hard thing whereby the Sphincture or round muscle compassing the straight gut is pressed or bruised It cometh also by intemperate heat and drought and corruptnesse of the ayre and weather sometimes by long bathing in cold water and sometimes by much using narcotial oyntments and such like Also inwardly this disease proceedeth of salt biting humours abounding throughout the whole body of man also by means of some hot or cold impostume or after a Dysentery or Flux whereas some cholerick matter remaineth behinde in the right-gut yet unevacuated And sometimes too happeneth here in our Countrey as some English Writers affirm by little drinking of Beer or Ale and sometimes it cometh by drinking Too much drinking of wine Nature of Tenasmus too much wine and by eating of costive meates and superabundance of choler adust This disease is of the nature or disposition of a Dysentery or Flux but that the Dysentery paineth the Patient with greivous tortions through all the guts but Tenasmus paineth the Patient usually in the right gut onely as appeareth by Galen in his third book De causis Symptomat And Trajanus in his sixth Chapter and Gal. de causis sympt lib. 3. Trajan cap. 8. lib. 6. The signs of Tenasmus eighth book who affirmeth the same saying Tenasmus recti inteâ—tini est effectus c. The signs and tokens of this disease are chiefly to be known by the Patients relation of the temperature of the body slender diet and egestions whether it be hard or costive or else thin or liquid The pain described In Tenasmus the pain doth not ascend so high as the navel but is chiefly felt with heat pricking and burning with a desire of emptying in the end of the sphincture the excrements being of a yellowish colour Another sign in young men like their starching now adayes but in old persons the excrements are of a more pituos slimie and bloodie substance If the disease proceed of an Impostume the Patient will feel a continual pain and the more augmented and grievous when he goeth to the stool Prognistica Tenasmus after a Dysentery is most hard to be cured Necessary observations Tenasmus in a woman with child causeth oftentimes abortion sobbing vexing or the hickoke and is very pernitious and betokeneth much drynesse Tenasmus long continuing bringeth the Collica and Iliaca Passio or Swoonding and diseases of the head Tenasmus is not numbred amongst long nor sharp diseases for that it is soon cured and if the Patient do eat and drink well there is no danger The cure How to cure Tenasmus proceeding from cold Tenasmus is cured by taking away the causes thereof from whence it doth proceed as if it come by outward cold then let there be applyed to the Ose pecken and hippes warm resolving fomentations and applications as bags of millium with salt being rosted or fried or sacks with bran sodden in wine or water and so applyed as hot as may be suffered and the fundament and parts anointed with oyles of Rew Lillies Bayes Vnguentum martiatum and such like Alexander in his sixth Chap. and eight book saith Tenasmus is cured with foments of Fenigreek and the roots of Altheae being boyled and injected into the belly and also the Patients hinder parts well suffumigated with the same decoction the Patient being compassed about close with clothes and so set over it and then the fundament afterward annointed with oyl of Roses fresh butter or goose grease with wax dissolved Bears and Capons grease and such like Item A fume of Frankencence and pitch being cast upon burning coales and the Patient set close over the fume helpeth presently Item To give present ease to that pain let two bags be filled with wheaten-bran and steeped in boyling vineger and the Patient to sit thereon so hot as may be suffered and to change them continually as the one cooleth to take another Note that in this disease of Tenasmus no cold things are to be applyed A special instruction in administring a glyster for Tenasmus at all Item such glysters as are used in this disease should not exceed half a pound and the glyster-pipe to be put into the gut not above two fingers bredth at the most in length within the gut Concerning exitus vel progressus vel procidentia Aâ—i in English the falling of the fundament THis disease for the most part is accidental to our Nation in hot countries and that chiefly after or in the time of a great flux of blood or humours although it is manifest it also happeneth in all Children more subject to this disease then old people countries and places both to young and old but chiefly to children upon divers several occasions which I list not here to amplifie having no intent to set out my work in painted phrases for I would onely arm the Chirurgions Mate how to proceed in the cure thereof at Sea and yet I know the same will take good effect also at land where that disease happeneth The Causes Causes of the falling of the fundament THe causes of this grief are too many to be named the sign thereof is manifest that it is a resolution or a relaxation of the muscles of those parts whereby the gut slippeth or slideth down lower then the natural place thereof namely out of the body The cure of this grief is for the most part short and likewise if the Patient at Sea be careful and go not out to the shrowds or Beak-head of the ship to stool neither in going force the expulsive vertue of his body over much it will not easily fall down again The Cure It is cured as followeth namely at the first going out use no other remedy then a warm soft clout and thy hands and gently return it into his due place and let the party after it is reduced sit on a hot board or have a very hot napkin doubled and applied to his fundament and another to his belly but whereas this disease for the The cure if it proceed of the fluxes of the belly most part proceedeth from the fluxes of the belly in such cases you must proceed to the cure of such fluxes of the belly and that effected you shall hear no more of this accident but if it usually fall out it is The cure if it useth often to fall down the more dangerous then you may proceed as followeth set the party over a close stoole and fume the place as warm as he can suffer it with a fume of Thus Mastick amber rosin or pitch or any one of these and being fumed well and very warm bestrew the gut fallen down with Album Gracum well powdered and fine for this is precious though
and pleasing to your Patients as much as in true Art may be and cram not the wound too full at any time especially Wounds incised for hindring unition of parts Also if you can conveniently come to the work inlarge not especially Inlarging of Wounds in contused wounds where danger may be feared otherwise doe it warily observing that you doe it not to thwart any member neither any Veine Artery Nerve or Muscle as neare as you can possible Gun-shot wounds over compound No wound of Gun-shot can be said to be a simple wound neither ever was there any Artist that could truely say that he healed any gun-shot wound by the first intention of Vnition without due suppuration no nor any contused wound whatsoever for the composition of Gun-shot wounds are ever real and very substantial witnesse the poore patient where Fibres Nerves Membranes Veines Arteries Bones quid non suffer together so that such wounds in their recency they resemble Vlcers rather then wounds and the differences of these from other contused wounds is That other contused Difference of contused wounds Wounds for the most part suffer but by way of contusion onely and these by contusion and dilaceration if not fraction of bones c. whereby all the whole member suffereth together and also the parts adjacent and that in a high degree If discolouring blistering or other apparent shewes of a Gangrena appeare give the patient a Diaphoreticke cordial then scarify gently at the first and deeply afterwards as cause shall urge and have ready a Lixivium made of water and ashes to the height of an ordinary Lee that women use to drive bucks with and put a reasonable quantity of common Salt into it and when it is cleared if you have hearbs as Scordium wormewood Centaury Hypericon Camomil Melilot or the like or Lupnies make use of them according to Art it will be much the better if not use it without and apply it very warme with stupes often shifted and wrung out and if that cannot be had use salt water for a fomentation very warm rather then want a medicine Aqua vitae is also precious in all Lixiviums against Gangrens but you must boyle the Aqua vitae without errour for the spirits will evaporate and the vertue resteth in them Observe in great lacerated wounds as followeth viz. If you find by the wound the one halfe of the member to be taken away there is no hope to save on the rest but you are rather to make present Amputation Iust cause of amputation especially if the patient upon information of his danger be willing for that the rest is contused and must therefore admit by consequent some losse of substance by suppuration ever in a contused wound and then the remaining part can doe no service to the body but will much indanger the life of the patient by the expence of blood and spirits in the striving to save it and be but a hindrance and I dare say that if but halfe any member be taken away with the fracture of the bone it is impossible to save the rest of it on to do any service If you have haemorrage I mean bleeding or furtive bleeding or weeping of veines or arteries in your worke search for the vein or artery that bleedeth or gleeteth and try if you can make ligature on it if you cannot make ligature which seldome or never you can in Gunshot wounds then apply to the end of the veine that weepeth an actual cautery a small one will serve but apply it like it selfe very hot and apply it not all over the wound onely to that veine if you can that bleedeth you may if the flux be not great use burning hot Egyptiacum upon a button of lint dipt and quickly and neatly brought to the place whilst it is hot and then well boulstred Actual Cautery But a small actual cautery is the safer and maketh better worke or the Surgeon may use restrictive powder adding thereto burnt Vitriol Restrictive Powder a little or burnt allum and precipitate mixed which maketh a strong eskar and often restraineth a great Flux being applied thereon artificially onely precipitate will surely make bones soul in contused wounds for which cause I affect it not To take heed of an old error But ever take heed to avoid the old received error of unwise practitioners whose use is to cram the wounds be they incised wounds or contused wounds as is said ful of bole or restringent powder or some other stuffe and then thrust in pledgents or dorsels into each corner of the wound yea sometimes forgetting to take all out at the next dressing yet think they have done all workman like and very artificially not considering the harm that often ensueth thereby I dare say that in contused wounds of Gunshot by such errors they force and draw a Gangrena if not death thereby by hindering natural unition by obstructing the parts and grieving the patient in keeping the woundded parts from healing It is a safe and fair way at the first dressing ever to strive to joyn together the parts of all recent wounds and unite the wounded parts if it may be with this caution to order that fit breathing be left to evacuate the peccant humours whereof there is small feare in lacerated wounds and then to apply apt and fitting astringent medicaments outwardly over all together with apt and due ligature and by that course to stay a fluxe but in contused and lacerated wounds of Gunshot the Surgion hath not that benefit but must trust to other helps not so ready namely as is said in the lesser wounds to very warme Balmes astringent defensatives and good ligature and in greater wounds to caustick medicaments Cauteries and forcible helps to repel fluxes c. But in the Surgeon his careful desire to restraine fluxes let him ever A Caveat beware of over hard ligature as much as is possible which is also a common dangerous error and certainely draweth on evill accidents as Plegmon Gangrena c. as daily experience telleth Likewise one the other side over-slack binding is also bad due comly and smooth ligature with the due composing the parts wounded with soft and smooth boulstring greatly honoreth the Artist and cureth the patient almost as much as the medicines doe Observe also that you put never one Caustick or Escarotick medicine after another too soone namely not until the first eskarre hath beene gone at the least three daies If in a contused wound of Gunshot any slough or putrid part as proceeding from the heads of the muskets arteries veines or the like appeare in a contused wound which needeth an Escaroticke medicine and the Surgeon doe desire to cleanse that part let him use an artificial Caustick medicine namely hot Egyptiacum or an actual Cautery if you can apply it onely in that place and not all over the wound for in truth the use of them is very good in
more of that for whereas Bees may suck Honey even there Spiders will convert a plain stile into Poyson and Gall. Non omnibus dormio A ready defensative powder to be applyed where Iust cause is for a defensative either for wounds with Gun-shot or other Wounds which I have made use of and will impart the secret to young practitioners and is as followeth R. Terra sigillat Alumin Vitriol Tartar Cerus ana 1 li. Bol. Armen 2 li. Aquae 1 li. ss Take a new earthen pot of almost a Gallon and a half put the water into the pot and thereunto put the Allom and the Copperas then powder the tartar and put that in also and then have ready the other ingrediences in powder put them in by little and little stirring them very well until all be incorporated and without seething keepe the Medicine on the fire till it be hard and if you cannot make it hard enough in that manner so that being cold it will powder then put it into some dreppin Pan or the like and into an oven when the bread is drawn and it will be hard then being cold powder it and keep it to your use for it will not decay nor alter his Vertue in many years And when you would use it for a defensative take of this powder about halfe an ounce of Posca I meane water and Vinegar mixed foure ounces put the powder therein which will almost melt then dip clouts therein and apply them This medicine with moderation used is a true and excellent defensative and a very anodine Also it healeth all itchings smartings gaulings or any Erisipelas or other excoriations speedily and safely and dryeth it mightily preventeth from accidents either in great wounds or fractures and being in small quantity used with faire water to ulcers it cleanseth them well and healeth them And if you have whites of egges mixed with a Posca it were the better or in fractures with yolkes and whites together it is very good onely let the care of the Surgeon be that he apply it in his true nature namely as a defensative in fit time and touching the rest of the uses thereof he may presume he hath a very good Medicine and so for this time I take my leave Vale in Christo Jesu A Description of the Trafine and the necessary uses thereof especially for Military occasions for young Surgeons HAving had sufficient tryals of the facility and of the Trafine I have thought fit to commend it and the use thereof for the future to the younger Artist upon some of their requests not detracting ought from the worthinesse and due commendations of the Author of the Trapan concerning that excellent invention yet by way of addition to my former Edition I thought fit here to describe the Trafine it being an Instrument of my own composing which experience will shew is more compendious and of more facility in the use thereof for young practicioners in Surgery then is the Trapan the which Instrument although it may be said to be derivative or Epitomy of or from the Trapan yet well observed it performeth as much as the Trapan in every degree and more and for that it was so fashioned and first practised by my selfe I thought fit to put the name of a Trafine upon it a tribus finibus from the three ends thereof each being of several uses and being as it may appeare triangular or three cornered each corner there of performing the part it seemeth to undertake so that it fully supplyeth and maketh good all the uses of a Trapan with the one end and that with more facility as is said and safely then the Trapan doth or can doe and it supplyeth with the second end all the uses of a smooth Levatory and supplyeth the necessity of a Jagged or toothed Levatory with the third end the said Levatories being all necessary adjutors in helping to make and finish the Trafine or tres finis and who so shall please to make a judicial experience thereof not being prejudicated will find that it far exceedeth the Trapan in all his uses in the compendious and safe performance of the workes as well of the two Levatories as of a Trapan recited which the former can no way be said to be Secondly the Trapan cannot be well managed without both the hands of the Artist viz. the one for the work of erosion by the Artificial motion thereof in turning it ever round for the better penetrating of the Cranium the other hand must be used to keep it steddy upon the affected part and yet the upper part of the Instrument must neverthelesse as of necessity rest upon the Surgeons brest yea and the Surgeon must for that purpose order his body in a fit posture and further yet the Surgeon must have a second man for an assistant of necessity that must be imployed to stay the Patients head whereas with this Instrument I meane the Trafine the whole worke is performed by the two hands of the Surgeon onely with farre more dexterity and quicker then with the Trapan as is said yea and that with much more comfort both to the patient and to the Artist as the practice therewith will plainely shew and againe there is no such danger attending that Instrumentas doth the Trapan for the heads of the Trafine are made all taper to wit wider above then beneath and also cut both wayes and cannot therefore easily be said to offend the Dura Mater by an error to be suggested to happen in the use thereof without stupid ignorance in the Artist Thirdly the Trapan of old had ever the heads as wide above as beneath which heads were many wayes both very dangerous and uncertaine especially when the Instrument by turning round had cleane pierced through the Cranium and thereby after the same head had fully perforated the Cranium round it was very apt on the suddaine to slip downe upon the Dura Mater by error and improvidence of the Artist either upon oblivion or omission divers wayes as namely for one if the Artist did not truly equally and strongly fasten the small screw being an iron or rather a steele pin that stayeth and fasteneth the said head of the Trapan which the Artist pierceth with for the gaging thereof either by hast which though otherwise he might adjudged a careful Surgeon yet upon his eager proceeding on his work might unhappily be omitted and even that small error might cause danger to the life of the Patient and sometimes proved the irrecoverable cause of his death whereas this Instrument the Trafine hath all the heads thereof made taper as is said namely wider above then below piercing every way alike and therefore there needeth no rule or gager especially in the being performed without turning it round about but is done by the onely moving or agitating of the hand to and fro yea with the onely moving of the wrist of the hand and which is another manifest benefit thereof it
slaughter-houses of Beasts dead carkasses of men as in time of Warre and of stincking fish fowl or any thing that hath contained life and is putrid as also more particularly in great Cities as in London the unclean keeping of houses Lanes Allies and streets from those recited and the like infectious venemous vapors by warmth of the Sun exhaled are apt and able to infect the living bodies of men and thereby to produce the Plague which once produced is too apt by infection to spread it selfe The corruption of the Ayre a cause and become popular as experiene too much sheweth and as by corrupt meats and drinkes mens bodies are corrupted and infected even so by corrupt ayre as I have said which we can no way avoid to draw into the secretest parts of our bodies the spirits are likewise infected and poysoned to the production both of sicknesse and death if God be not the more merciful unto us for where the disease once beginneth there are many unhappy evils incident as causes conducing to Want of food a cause the increase thereof besides Vapors and one not of the least is it bringeth scarcity of food with it and that brings emptinesse of the belly and where emptinesse is there evill aire is not wanting and that aboundeth too much with the poorer sort and also where food is wanting all kinds of food how infectious or pernitious soever is used in necessity namely all raw fruits as plums peaches yea musty Corn and many things of far wilder condition and so by consequent lack of food is a great cause of the increase of the Plague so that in the Vâ—wholsome food a cause sicknesse time it is by experience dayly found that far more of the poorer fort usually have dyed then of the richer for where emptinesse and unwholsome food is in use as is repeated there the corrupt ayre doth the most harme And likewise genreally observe that where war is for the most part there is famine and those two conclude to make up a third evill namely the pestilence which God be praised we have bin long freed from the two first Thus much in brief of the Terrestrial causes of the Plague Of the precedent and accidentall signes of the Plague The precedent and accidential fignes notable in the Disease of the Plague are various and uncertaine because in truth they are seldome in any one person as in another but to speak as of the most general first appearance of the Plague it beginneth cold and with pain in the head and stomach and sometimes in the backe and if so then it is commonly taken for an Ague and therefore at first little feared Again some begin to complain of pain in the backe and such kinds of beginning are more generally hopeful of healing then when it beginneth hot in my opinion in some also it beginneth hot with pain and giddinesse of the head and pain in the stomach others at the first stroak or touch find a general discouragement and weaknesse over all the whole body others at the first being taken in the head their senses are stupified and dulled in others it beginneth with a raging and fierce fevour so that their countenance is changed their speech fayling or fainting their eyes strangely turning to and fro in a feareful manner Again others complaine of an extraordinary pain with extreame heat inward in the stomach and intrals when the outward parts are chil and cold and ready to shake again some in the beginning complain of great thirst others complain of shortnesse of breath and paine in breathing others swelling and sorenesse of their throats which being sought into no cause appeareth Others have the Almonds or Glandules of their throat much swelled and inflamed Also many are taken with great defire to sleep and with frequent yawnings and it is unsafe in my judgment to permit such to sleep before a Diaphoretick or sweating Medicine have by the patient bin taken and that it hath breathed out some of the venemous vapours by sweat with keeping them waking till the medicine have wrought his effect Others are subject to great watchfulnesse and commonly those are in their slumbers oppressed with grievous and fearful dreames and fantasies Others it beginneth with sweatings with pain of the back and a stinking of the breath and such are ever of very doubtful cure and in my opinion such have inward Carbuncles Others have swellings in the brest some also have losse of appetite evill digestion and faintnesse and some are troubled with deep hickcoks and hollow belchings Others from the beginning to the end of their sicknesse and till death have neither swelling sores nor spots also upon some at first there appeare diverse spots of a duskish colour their countenance of an unequal aspect the one cheek red the other pale Others with sweat drops on their noses a fierce countenance with grinding of the teeth And to be briefe touching signes and accidents in this most feareful disease I perswade my selfe that no man can speak of any No symptome of any disease but is incident to the infected of the Plague terrible symptome signe or indication of any disease whatsoever that hath befallen any man but that the like hath been seen and observed in some one person or more sick of the Plague for the fiercenesse thereof in some persons forceth Hemorrhage both from the greater and lesser veines and some it afflicteth with a Dissenteria Diarraea Lienteria all these from the belly and from the head it produceth Apoplexia Paralysis Lythergi Vertigo Mania with diverse other symptomes also from the throat Squinancia Angina c. Also obstructions of the bowels retention of Urine Colica and Iliaca Passio Singultus Gangrena Convulsions Contractions of Nerves and what not this fierce disease produceth to devoure poore mankind by and surely for that cause I am perswaded it is vulgarly called the sicknesse as comprehending and including all other sicknesse in it selfe Accidental signes which in this disease commonly presage death to the partie are these that follow Signes that presage death Namely when the Patient is possessed with sounding and faintings with cold and clammie sweats often changing of the countenance vomiting of slimie sharp and ill-coloured flegme either greenish yellowish blackish or bloud-coloured sanies or avoiding of Excrements disordered and discoloured either fattie blackish unctious or unnaturally stinking Convulsions Contractions of the Nerves graveling and pidling with the fingers plucking up the Bed-clothes a sudden flux of the belly of stinking matter of rustie or greenish colour a sudden going back of an Apostume Carbuncle or Bubo also when the Patient is insensible of the departure of his Urine and Excrements And yet to Gods glory I here affirme that notwithstanding the aforesaid signes or some one of them I have seene I say some one or more of the afore-named symptomes appear and that the sicke hath even in mans judgment bin as at the point of
the principall members of the body as the Heart Brain or Liver causing Convulsions Palsies Dropsies Scorbutes or the like which oft-times termine in Gangrena and after a further time they conclude in Sphacelus Also Gangrenes proceed by great incâ—sed wounds and namely amongst other wounds contused wounds chiefly I mean those of Gunshot also sometimes by fractures and dislocations also by Fistulaes and inveterate Ulcers by unreasonable stripes as with a Buls Pisle or a thong cut from an Elephants skin much used for correction in Poland Hungary and the Turkish Dominions finally from all interceptions intersections or interruptions of the spirits what or wheresoever may produce a Gangrena De Gangrena A third Definition gathered from learned Authours The third Definition of Gangrena A Gangrene is a partial mortification of a member commonly by reason of a phlegmon it may be said to be partial in that the part affected so long as the member is not throughly dead but hath in it self still a sense and feeling of pain and therefore not altogether desperate although yet it be tending to mortification and so unlesse there be some sudden help in the staying thereof it will soon turn to a total and perfect mortification after which it may no more be tearmed a Gangrene but is called of the Grecians Sphacelus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of the extinction of Sphacelus the natural heat therein and of the Latines it is called Sideratio Sideratio a totall and perfect putrefaction and moreover of the later Writers Esthiomenon in that it is so sudden piercing and penetrating unto Esthiomenon the bone and doth as it were overcome the whole man so as again it may be concluded that the difference between a Gangrene and Sphacelus as is said is a Gangrene is truly tearmed an unperfect Dif in Gang. Sphacel mortification in the fleshy parts onely but Sphacelus is a perfect and total privation of sense being a mortification not only of the fleshy parts but also of the nervous parts even unto the very bone yea and of the bone it self also The causes of a Gangrene Causx Gangr by some learned Writers are reduced to three the first is when as a member cannot receive the vital spirits proper or natural due to it from the heart by the Arteries by reason of a dissolution in the mixture or harmony of the member caused externally by extreame frigidity as sometimes it chanceth to be in a very cold and sharp Winter also by the inconsiderate and too too immoderate and rash refrigeration of a Phlegmon as also extreame calidity as by scalding Liquor or through some poysonous disposition in nature invested in the parts affected all or any of which do or may sufficiently extinguish the natural heat thereof if wholesome remedies in time be not applyed a Gangrene may justly be expected to follow Another cause is when as the vitall spirits in any member are obstructed suffocated and finally extinguished by reason of some obdurate schirrous hardnesse and constipation of the Veines arteries or pores of the skin as in venemous or pestilential Apostumes or Carbuncles is often seen so that little or none of the venemous matter conteined in the Apostume or venemous tumour can be digested or receive discussion nor be brought to suppuration by apt Medicines whereby Nature being above her strength oppressed and Art not sufficiently succouring a Gangrene is produced Another cause may be by extreame strong ligature through the indiscretion of unworthily termed Artists or of unexpert Artists as too often is manifest and sometimes by compressions or other interceptions of blood or spirits by which the vital spirits should be transported to the member grieved The signes of a Gangrene are these an extinction of the lively Sign of Gangr colour which was in the precedent Phlegmon grievous pain and continual pulsation in the diseased part apparent by the Arteries being at the first very sensible but afterwards declining their due force the part agrieved seeming for the most part in colour to be blackish blewish or of a duskie or livid colour yea sometime putrid and being opened a filthy Ichor and of an unsavoury smell proceeding from it Thus much of the signs Of the Cure of Gangrena Cure TO the performance of the cure of this disease there must be first a due consideration had of the cause Secondly of the part affected Thirdly of the fitting apt remedies for the Cure and how to proceed in the curing that disease and of the Symptomes thereof and lastly of the removing the cause which if that may be effected health doubtlesse will follow according to that Axiome of the Philosopher Ablaâ—a causa tollitur effectus but that must be expected in his due time in which there must be first considered What to be considered in the cure of a Gangrene Diet to be used for a Gangrene whether the disease proceed of repletion and if so then a general evacuation with a cooling and spare dyet must be prescribed the Patient Viz. Water with the milk of Almonds and thin brothes with cooling herbs as Lactuca Spinachia Portulaca Sorrâ—l or the like as also advising with the learned Physician where time and place serveth Barley waters also are good and the sick must be forbidden all wine and strong drink and must be contented with posset-drink Barley water and small Beer it were also fitting that there were prescribed to the patient some preparative medicaments as these Syrup Acetos Preparatives necessaâ—y Simp. Syrup Endiviae Syrup Citri Violar any of these mixed with waters as may be convenient in such a disease and after these preparatives may be used such purgatives as may purge and cleanse the blood viz. Confect Hamech Caria costrirum Diacatholicon Cassia fistula or some one of them being according to Art performed Phlebotomy usefull And if you perceive further occasion you may reiterate the use of any of them and further you may not omit the use of Phlebotomy scarrification and application of Ventoses Leeches or Vesicatories upon or nigh the part affected and according to the Patient his strength let him blood moderately and observe that in scarrification regard is to be had concerning the gangrenated part whether it penetrate or be superficial and so accordingly is scarrification to be used as for the application of Leeches it may be done upon any part thereto adjoyning or upon the part affected it self and further note that if a Gangrene follow a contusion for the most part it proceeds either by the vehemency of the contusion whereby eruption of the capillar veins yea and the larger veins also blood is forced into the Muscles confusedly as by the Echymosis may appear of the evil disposition of the Patient or it may also proceed for want of a Surgeon to apply fit and artificial applications in due time not seldome under favour by over-hard ligature But if the Gangrene appear to have