Humours oppressing the Stomach and afterwards strengthen it You must evacuate the Humours eitherby Vomit or Stool give no Vomits but to those who are easy to vomit Of Purges Pills are most profitable because of their long continuance in the Stomach the last Booke will furnish you with purging Medicines If the Humours in the Stomach be tough you must dissolve them with Hony of Roses Oxymel and the like Beware how you administer Pills which are strong in operation lest they draw Humours from other parts to the Stomach If the Liver be very hot you may be let Blood otherwise not and in this case you must administer such things as cool the Liver After sufficient Purging you must come to strengthen the Stomach internally and externally Take of the Sirrup of Wormwood and Quinces of each two Ounces the Sirrup of Citron Peels one Ounce Cinnamon water four Ounces the Spirit of Sulphur ten Drops mix them and let the Patient take a Spoonfull or two Morning Noon and Night or oftner as necessity requireth Quercetanus his Sirrup of Cinnamon is very good See the last Book If the Disease be of long continuance let the Patient make use of the Guajacum Drink prescribed in the Second Chapter of this Book the bath of Bath is profitable in this Case But if a hot Liver attend a cold Stomach as it often doth your Medicines ought to be the more temperate Zechius commendeth this Bolus Take of washed Turpentine two Drachms Powder of Mastich half a Drachm Aromaticum Rosarum half a Scruple make a Bolus and let the Sick take it two hours before Meat Candied Nutmegs and Ginger is good and it is convenient for the Patient to drink his Beer warm This Liniment is good Take of the Balsom of Peru three Ounces the Oyles of Nutmegs Wormwood and Mastich of each one Ounce mix them and anoint the Stomach Also with these and other ingredients which have a heating and expectorating Quality you may make Unguents and Plaisters to be applyed to the Stomach CHAP. XXXV Of a depraved Appetite The Appetite is depraved two wayes Either in Quantity or Quality If it be depraved in Quantity Nourishment is desired in greater quantity then Nature would it is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Fames Canina whence we call it Dogg's Appetite It is depraved in Quality when things which are not Food but vitious and unwholsome are desired This is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 First those that are troubled with the Dogg's Appetite do feed insatiably and afterwards some do vomit like Dogg's some do purge and others do digest it and if they have not more presently are sick The part affected is chiefly the mouth of the Stomach The Cause containing is Sense of sucking and vehement pulling which stirrs up the Appetite Vicious Humours sticking to the mouth of the Stomach by their too much Coldness Sharpness or Sowrness do bind wrinkle and pull the mouth of the Stomach and so beget a false Appetite Melancholy sent from the Spleen to the Stomach if it exceed and be praeternaturall causeth an unnatur all Appetite It may be caused by want of Food and Emptiness caused by too great Evacuations by which the Veins do continually suck Somtimes it cometh from Wormes in the Stomach which devour the Chilus The Hermetick Physitians do attribute it to a sharp salt and devouring Spirit or Faculty in the Stomach which doth readily consume what ever Meat is taken as Aqua Fortis doth quickly dissolve the fixedst Mettals the hardest Stones into Liquor and by this meanes doth not allow Nature a lawful and necessary bound of Nourishment The Disease it self needs no other Signe then the devouring of Meat The signes of the Causes may be easily found they which manifest a cold Distemper and sharp Humours in the Stomach are belching and sharp vomiting crude Ejections want of Thirst and external Causes of Refrigeration If defect of Nourishment is the Cause the Patient is Lean and there are Causes present or a foregoing of the decay of Moisture If Wormes be the Cause in the Chapter of the Wormes their signes shall be spoken of Prog If this Disease come from external Causes or from Wormes it is not dangerous Judge the contrary if it follow Emptinesse and great Evacuations or if the Patient doth vomit or purge much for then the Body for the most part falleth into a worse Disease To cure this Disease you must purge by Vomit or Stools taking the Caution in the last Chapter the Phlegmatick and Melancholy Humours sticking to the Stomach Then you must labour to strengthen the Stomach with internal and external Medicines prescribed in the former Chapter Six graines of Ambergrease taken in a reere Egg hath a special Quality to strengthen the Stomach and cure the Disease Narcotick Medicines by dulling the exquisite Sense do sometimes cure the Disease but must not be used till all other meanes fail and then advised by an able Brain Hippocrates saith that Wine and Aqua vitae is good and experience teacheth that Oyl and Fat things are seldom given without Successe Pica and Malacia is a depraved Appetite by which unprofitable and hurtfull things are desired It is caused by the eating of evil Meats by which the Stomach is disposed for the production of Melancholy and Phlegmatick Humours hence divers Apperites of evill things are engendred Some desire things that are sowr sharp bitter and cold as Vinegar Juyce of Lemmons and Orenges cold Water Snow Ice unripe Fruits and the like Some do desire earthly dry and burnt things as Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon and other Spices Salt Ashes Coles Chalk Tobacco-Pipes Lime Oat-meal Tar Candles and such like This Disease happeneth for the most part to Women with Child or to Maids which have the Green-sicknesse who having their Termes stopped and staying corrupteth the Body and ascending infecteth the Stomach and taketh the Appetite from its Natural Condition Sometimes though seldom Men and Boyes are thus troubled Fernelius speaks of a Noble man who having an extraordinary Appetite to Lime did devour a piece as big as his fist without offending his Stomach or Bowels The Cause of this Disease may be found out by the things desired For if they desire Coles Salt or the like we may conclude that the Disease depends upon salt and burnt Humours This Disease is Chronical and of Continuance but is seldom dangerous yet somtimes if the Stomach cannot be reduced to its former Condition Obstructions Evill habits Dropsies and Cardialgiaes are produced The more contrary to Nature the things desired are the farther distant is the Stomach from the Natural Temper If you aim at the Cure it differeth not from the former but you must consider the variety of the Bodyes affected If this Disease happen to a Man it hath its original from the Obstruction of the Liver and Spleen and you must seek
c. A depraved Concoction is the cause of many Evills likewise as Obstructions Scabs Feavers c. To cure the Disease you must remove the Antecedent Conjunct and External cause The Stomach must be cleansed of the offending Humours and then strengthened seek Medicines in the Chap. of Want of Appetite If it come by consent you must amend the Parts sending the Humours their proper Chapters will furnish you with means CHAP. XXXVIII Of the Hiccough 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek and Singultus in Latine in English Hiccough is a depraved motion of the Stomach by which it desireth to expell somthing which is hurtfull It is caused according to Hippocrates of Fulnesse or Emptinesse sometimes saith Galen by Provocation The matter causing the Hiccough is either gathered in the Stomach or is sent from other Parts Sharp Humours Nourishment or Medicines or gnawing Worms in the Stomach may cause a Hiccough by propriety It is caused by consent when the Liver Spleen Guts or other Parts being inflamed send offensive Vapours or Water to the Stomach A Tumor in the Liver being inflamed doth compresse the Stomach and so provoke the expulsive Faculty finally sharp Humours sent from all parts of the Body in malignant Feavers may be the cause of the Hiccough Diagnostick signes are if the Disease come by Propriety it is more lasting and is eased by Vomit the signes of the Humours in the Stomach appear by the Tast in the Mouth Belchings c. If it come from any other part of the Body their proper Signes will declare it Prognosticks are If the Hiccough be caused by Meat Drink of Cold it is not dangerous But if it come in a malignant or great Feaver and continue it is deadly The same you may judge if the Hiccough accompanied with redness of the Eyes in an acute Disease invade the Patient after Vomiting Singultus from the inflammation of the Liver is also hurtfull For the cure you must if the disease come from a cold cause First administer medicine which do cut and prepare the Humours as Vinegar and Oxymel of Squils and Oxymel Simplex then evacuate the Humours by Purge or Vomit and then strengthen the Stomach use the Medicines prescribed in the Chapter of Want of Appetite comming of a cold Cause if the Disease be violent add these following Take of Castor and Mirrh of each three Drachms Sal Gem half an Ounce Diagridium and Mastich of each one Drachm Agarick newly trochiscated three Drachms Aloes the weight of all the rest with the juice of Mints make them up into a Mass and of one Drachm make six gilded Pills Let your Patient take two or three in the Morning Riverius If Wind in the Stomach be the Cause Take of Dill-Seed Sweet Fennell and Annis-Seed of each one Ounce Juniper Berries half an Ounce Cloves a Drachm Macerate them in good Wine or Spirit of Wine and distill it in Baineo If sharp and chollerick Humours be the cause of the Hiccough you must give Oyl of Sweet Almonds Prisan Broth Sirrup of Apples and Quinces the Emulsion of the Cold Seeds foment the Stomach with a Spung dipt in Rose Water or apply a cooling Oyntment to the Stomach Sneezing hath been attended with admirable successe Vomiting with little lesse but have a care how you administer Vomits to weak People Drinking of Milk fom the Cow is much commended and somtimes proves succesful Narcoticks somtimes effect the Cure by stupifying the too too Exquisite sense of the Stomach CHAP. XXXIX Of Vomiting 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nausea and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vomiting differ onely in Degrees the first is a Desire to vomit up what soever troubles the Stomach either in Quantity or Quality but cannot either by reason of the weaknesse or the Stomach strength of the upper Orifice or thicknesse or sliminesse of the Matter But Vomiting is a depraved motion of the Stomach which shaketh it by which the expulsive Faculty is stirred up by contracting the Fibres of the Lower part and loosening the Superior and with a violent motion casteth forth the Matter contained therein which was trouble some to it The Causes of Vomiting are external or internal and is divided into Natural or Artificial the Natural is either without or in a Disease and is thus divided it is either Periodical Critical or Symptomatical Periodical vomiting is without a Disease and is used by many twice in a year or oftener to cleanse the Stomach of cholerick or phlegmatick Humours and to prevent Disease Critical vomiting is when Nature in a disease casts forth her Enemy Symptomatical vomiting is when Nature is provoked and weakned and is not eased by it because she is not strong enough utterly to expel it the Matter vomited is either Excrements as Phlegm Choler Melancholy Water Matter Wormes and the like or Nourishment as Meat Chylus or Blood Artificial Vomiting is from an external Cause as Compression of the lower Belly Stroaks Falls violent Excorcise Riding Sayling on the Sea Poysonous Aire or Breath stinking Smels or beholding some Filthy thing External Causes may provoke Nature as Vomits taken Some Nourishment is distastful to some Stomachs and causeth vomiting Hippoceates reporteth that one eating Mushtooms died vomiting Meats which are Fat Oyly are praeposterous to some Stomachs Omitting Gluttony which is many times the Cause The whole Body in a Plethory evil Habit Feavers and other Diseases of the Body may be the Cause Inflammations or Obstructions of other Parts as the Liver Spleen Mesentery or Bowels the Terms or Hemorrhoids stopped a Catarrh or the like may cause Vomiting If Vomiting be caused by Humours offending the Stomach or by an Organical disease therein you may find the signes thereof in the praeceding Chapters of diseases of the Stomach If it come by Sympathy from other Parts their proper signes will informe Make the Prognostick thus Choler and Phlegme exquisitely mingled and vomited up is good If the Sick vomit Critically and cast forth Choler in a cholerick Distemper and Phlegm in a phlegmatick it is hopeful Violent vomiting and little brought up in a Feaver is evil for it shews abundance of Matter or that Nature is weak Vomiting after a Flux of the Belly is good for there is a revulsion of the Matter and Nature is refreshed Vomiting of divers Colours is dangerous because Nature hath to do with divers Enemies Green blew black and stinking Matter vomited is deadly In Feavers acute if the Patient vomit without mixture of Humours it is an evil signe because that a pure Humour is not capable of Concoction For the Cure If the Disease come by consent from other parts remove the Cause by working their Cures If phlegmatick cholerick or melancholy Humours provoke the Stomach cast them forth by vomiting prepare and cut them if they be tough and clammy Give gentle Vomits as warm Oyl or white Vitriol prepared or Salt of Vitriol made red by Calcination for they cleanse and dissolve the glutinous Matter If your
drachm to a drachm Take them at night and continue taking them a week together Pilulae Mastichinae Mastick Pills They strengthen and purge the Stomach Brain Belly and Reins Take them as the former Pilulae Mechoacanae Pills of Mechacan They purge Flegm with violence The dose is from a scruple to half a drachm Pilulae de Opopanace Pills of Opopanax It purgeth cold Humours from the Joynts and Nerves is good against the Gout and Palsie Take a scruple or half a drachm in the morning Pilulae Rudii It purgeth Choller Flegm and Melancholly from the head and other parts of the body it is quick in operation safe and the best of Purges The dose is from one scruple to half a drachm Pilulae Russi They are preservative in Pestilential Times and evacuate malignant humours and such as are gotten by Surfeits and strengthneth the Vitals The Dose is from a scruple to a drachm take them to Bedward Pilulae sine quibus Pills without Which It purgeth Choller and Flegm from the Brain it is good for Ophthalmia caused by Choler and is good â—n the Bastard Tertian The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm Pilulae Stomachicae Stomach Pills It strengthneth the retentive and digestive Faculties of the Stomach and cleanseth it of offensive humours The dose is from one drachm to two Pilulae Stomachicae cum Gummi stomach-Stomach-Pills with Gums They are of the same nature with the former they are stronger in operation The dose is a drachm take them in the morning early and sleep after them Pilulae de Succino Pills of Amber It is friendly to the Womb and takes away the causes of Sterility and helps Conception purging Choller and Flegm and leaves a binding and strengthning quality behind it The dose is from a scruple to a drachm take them at night Pilulae ex Tribus Pills of three things Strengthen the Stomach and Liver open Obstructions helpeth the Yellow Jaundise and frees the body of Cholerick Humours which cause the Itch and Scabs The dose is from one scruple to a drachm take them at night Pilulae Turpeti aureae They purge Choller and Flegm strengthen the Stomach and Liver Take them as the former Pilulae Azaiereth It strengthneth the body evacuateth Choller from the Veins and Chollerick Flegmatick and putrid humours from the Stomach and is a good preservation in Pestilential Times The dose and manner of taking them is the fame Pilulae ex Bdellio Pills of Bdellium They are good in the immoderate Flux of the Terms and Hemorrhoids The dose is half a drathm Pilulae de Rhabarbaro Pills of Rubarb They evacuate Chollerick Humours help the Jaund se open Obstructions of the Liver and strengtheneth the Stomach Take them at night from a scruple to a drachm Pilulae Arabicae It removeth the Diseases of the Head as the Vertigo and Megrim it makes a man merry it preserves his Mind in vigour clears the Sight repairs Hearing lost and frees the Stomach of vitious humours Take in the morning from one scruple to four Pilulae Arthriticae It helps the Gout and other Joynt-Griefs or whatever Disease hath its original from Flegm Take from one drachm to four scruples in the morning Pilulae Fumariae Pills of Fumitory This Pill is good for such as are troubled with Scabs Itch and such like for it purgeth Chollerick and adust Humours and falt Flegm The dose is from two scruples to a drachm take it in the morning Pilulae Indae It generally purgeth Melancholly therefore necessary in all Melancholy Diseases as Cancers Leprosies Quartan Agues Pains and Tumors of the Spleen Sadness Fear c. The dose is from half a drachm to four scruples take them in the morning Pilulae Luis Majores They are given with happy success in Diseases of the Eyes it purgeth Flegmatick and mixed Humours from the head and strengthneth the visive virtue Take them as the former Pilulae de Euphorbio Pills of Euphorbium They are good against pains in the Loins Dropsies and Gouts coming of a moist cause half a drachm is a sufficient dose Pilulae Scribonii They are good against spitting of Bloud Ptisicks and the like Take a scruple going to bed Pilulae de Cynoglosso de Styrace Pills of Hounds-Tongue and Styrax They are both good against a Defluxion of hot Rheums upon the Lungs or other parts against Cold caused by Defluxion and provokes sleep Take one scruple or two if you find your body strong Laudanum Nepenthes Opiatum It mittigateth violent pains allayeth the Fumes that trouble the Brain in Feavers and provoke sleep Beware how you give such Medicines in the beginning of Feavers The dose is from one grain to four CHAP. VIII Of Powders POuders may be made of any Hearb Flower Root Mineral Stone c. and they are varlously compounded as followeth Aromaticum Caryophyllatum Take of Cloves 7 drachms Mace Zedoary Galanga the less Yellow Sanders Troches Diarrhadon Cinamon Wood of Aloes Indian Spicknard Long Pepper Cardamoms the Less of each one drachm Red-Roses four drachms Gallia Moschata and Liquoris of each two drachms Indian Leaf and Cubebs of each two scruples beat them all into Powder It strengtheneth the Stomach and clears the Vital parts stays Vomiting breaks Wind and helps Digestion Take a drachm or two Aromaticum Rosatum It strengtheneth the Stomach Heart and Brain and is good against Swooning Palpitation Convulsion Epilepsie and such like it discusseth Wind and strengtheneth the Natural Parts and is profitably given in Consumptions The dose is from half a drachm to two drachms Puluis ex Chelis Cancrorum composiuts Or the Pouder of Crabs Claws compound Otherwise called Gascoins Pouder It is very good in Feavers either intermitting putrid or malignant it is of known virtue in the Small Pox and Measels it is very cordial chears the Heart and Vital Spirits The usual dose is from one grain to twelve Species Cordiales Temperatae It is a great Cordial strengtheneth both Vital and Animal Parts and is often prescribed among other Cordials The dose commonly is from a scruple to half a drachm Diacalaminth Simple and Compound It heats the body and cuts gross humours it expels Wind and opens Obstructions provokes Urine and the Terms and cleanseth Women in Child-bed The dose is half a drachm Dianisum It powerfully discusseth Wind from the Stomach and raw Humours and removes Flegmatick Humours which causeth a Cough Take half a drachm or a draclim being made into an Electuary Pulvis Radicum Ari compositus Powder of Aaron Roots compound It provokes Urine and the Terms expels the dead Child and After-Birth and cleanseth the Womb and easeth Fits of the Mother cleanseth the Stomach of tough humours and is a good Antidote say some against poyson Give a scruple or half a drachm Diaires Simplex Or Pouder of the Root of Flowerdeluce It is good against Coughs make it into an Electuary with Honey or some Pectoral Syrup and take it with a Liquoris Stick
and biting of venemous Creatures helps cold Stomachs and such whose meat putrifies therein stays vomiting of Bloud and old Cough and is good against all cold Diseases of the Liver Spleen Bladder Reins and Matrix The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm Electuarium è Scoria serri It strengthneth openeth and gently purgeth the Stomach and Spleen and caseth the body of Melancholy and Splenetick Diseases The dose is from three drachms to half an ounce Confectio Humain It strengthneth the Heart and Brain quickneth the Senses and is a good preservative against the Pestilence The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm Diaircos Salominis It helps all cold infirmities of the Lungs Take it with a Liquoris Stick Magnum Antidotum Mathioli c. Mathiolus his great Antidote against Poyson and the Pestilence It is very good for that purpose See his Bezoar Water for particular virtues The dose is from a scruple to four Requies Mitigates the heat in Feavers and gives rest Give not above half a scruple at first it is scarcely safe inwardly to be given apply it ontwardly to the Temples and Wrists Electuarium Reginae Coloniens It is good against the Stone and Wind-Chollick The dose is a drachm Triphera the Greater Stops the immoderate Flux of the Terms and Hemorrhoids frees the body of crude humours strengthneth the Bladder rectifies distempers of the Spleen expels Melancholy and makes a good colour The dose is from a drachm to half an ounce Purging Electuaries Benedicta Laxativa It powerfully purgeth Flegmatick Humours from the Joynts it purgeth the Reins and Bladder The dose is from one drachm to a drachm and an half Caryo costinum It is a good Purge for wounded persons whose Wounds are inflamed it also purgeth hot Rheums Correct it or let it alone Three drachms or four may be given in a Clister Cassia extracta pro Clysteribus Cassia extracted for Clysters The dose is an ounce two or three given in Clysters it purgeth the Reins and cools them it easeth the pains caused by the Stone and is good to prevent the growing thereof Electuarium amarum majus minus the Greater and Lesser bitter Electuary They both purge Choller the first Flegm and the second Melancholy The dose of the first is from half an ounce to an ounce Of the other from one ounce to two Diacassia with Manna This is a gallant Purge for hot bodies for it gently looseneth and cooleth much and therefore is good in Feavers and in all Diseases wherein Choler doth abound The dose is an ounce or more as you find occasion Casia extracta sine cumfoliis Senae Cassia extracted without and with the Leaves of Sena They are both gentle Purges they cleanse and cool the Reins they cleanse the Bowels of Choller and Melancholy and is good in Feavers The dose of the first is an ounce and an half Of the other one ounce Diacarthamum It purgeth Flegm and yellow Choller effectually The dose is from one drachm to six Diaphaenicon It purgeth both Flegm and Choller it is good in Feavers and easeth the Chollick and pains of the Stone and freeth the Bowels of raw humours The dose is from two drachms to five Diaprunum Lenitive It cools and looseneth the body gently it is good in all kind of Feavers and hot Agues and is much commended in the Feaver Hectick The dose is an ounce to bedward Diaprunum Solutive Is the best purger of Choller and amendeth the hot distemper of the Liver The dose is from three drachms to six Catholicon It purgeth every humour abounding especially Choller It profiteth in Feavers it mollifieth and altereth the Humours and strengthneth the body it helps infirmities of the Liver and Spleen Gouts of all sorts Head-aches Tertian Quartan and Quotidian Agues The dose is from half an ounce to an ounce Take it going to bed or in Clysters Electuarium de Citro Solutivum the Solutive Electuary of Citrons It purgeth Choller Flegm and Melancholy and carryeth away the rotten humours in the declination of a Feaver The dose is half an ounce Electuarium Elescoph It purgeth Choller Flegm and Wind from all parts of the body helps pains of the joynts and sides the Chollick it cleanseth the Reins and Bladder Confectio Hamech It purgeth Melancholy and yellow Choller it is good against Melancholy and Madness Scabs Itch c. The dose is from three drachms to an ounce Electuarium Lenitivum the Lenitive Electuary It is a fine purge fit for Feaverish persons and such as have Pleurisies it gently openeth and mollifieth the Bowels and purgeth without trouble or hurt Melancholy Flegm and Choler The dose is from an ounce to two Electuarium passulatum It cleanseth the Reins and Bladder and is a good purge for those that are troubled with Gravel or the Stone it purgeth Choler and Melancholy The dose is the same with the former Electuarium è succo Rosarum An Electuary of the Juyce of Roses It purgeth Choller and the dose is from two drachms to an ounce and an half Hierapicra Simplex It is the most excellent Medicine to purge vitious Humours which stick to the Tunicles of the Stomach The dose is from half an ounce to an ounce In Clysters from six drachms to an ounce and an half Hiera cum Agarico Hiera with Agarick The Virtues are the same with the former purgeth Flegm more effectually The dose is the same For the further knowledge of the Virtues see the Pill of Hiera with Agarick Hiera Logadii It purgeth effectually those Humours which cause the Palsie Apoplexy and such like Diseases The dose is the same give it onely to strong bodies Hiera Diacolocynthidos It easeth inveterate Head-aches Falling-sicknesses and such like Evils for it purgeth gross Humours from the farthest parts of the body The dose is from three drachms to six Triphera Solutive It purgeth Choller and Flegm Some account it profitable in the declination of Feavers and in hot distempers of the Stomach and Liver The dose is from two drachms to half an ounce CHAP. X. Of Oyles AS there are of other Medicines so there are of Oyls both simple and compound Simple Oyls are either by expression or infusion and decoction Oyls by Expression are drawn out of Fruits or Seeds as out of sweet and bitter Almonds the Seed of Rope and Flax by first beating them in a Stone-Morter and pressing out the Oyl in a Press Simple Oyls by infusion and decoction are thus made Take the Hearbs or Flowers of which you would make your Oyl beat them to two or three handfuls pour on a pint of oyl put them in an Earthen pot and cover it with a paper tyed about the top and set it in the Sun a fortnight then heat it by the fire and press out the hearbs then put in as many hearbs as you did at first do as before as often as you see good to make your Oyl strong enough then boyl it gently till the
THE HIDDEN TREASURES OF THE Art of Physick Fully Discovered IN FOUR BOOKS 1 Containing a Physical Description of Man 2 The Causes Signes and Cures of all Diseases incident to the Body 3 The general Cure of Wounds Tumours and Ulcers 4 A general Rule for making all kind of Medicines with the use and Nature of distilled Waters Juyces Decoctions Conserves Powders Elestuaries Plaisters c. To which is added three necessary Tables 1 Sheweth the Contents of the Four Books 2 Explaineth all the Terms of Art which are used in Physick and Chirurgery 3 Explaining the Nature and use of Simples what they are and where they grow A Work whereby the diligent Reader may without the help of other Authors attain to the knowledge of the Art above-named By John Tanner Student in Physick and Astrology London Printed for George Sawbridge at the sign of the Bible on Lud-gate-Hill 1659. To my truly honoured and worthily respected Friend Mr. William Beal of Little Missenden in the County of Buckingham J. T. Wisheth all Health Happiness and Prosperity in this Life and Eternal Glory in the Life to come Honoured Sir THat which for the most part emboldeneth men to dedicate their Labours unto any Personage is the affinity between the matter of the Work which they present and the Mind of him to whom it is presented I have here swerved from this custom being altogether too weak to present you with a Work sutable to your far more excellent parts Yet when I considered my Design viz. to serve my Countrey and to instruct the unlearned in this so excellent and necessary a Science I thought none so fit to patronize and encourage a piece of this nature than one who heartily desires the publique good which publique Spirit and charitable Principle I have in a more than ordinary manner observed in you and your poor Neighbours to their comfort are daily sensible of Sir I need not tell you how useful a subject of this nature may prove to the Commonalty whose ignorance of their own condition whilest they are sick and want of strength of body or purse to confer with a Physitian proves fatal to many a poor Christian in this Nation I shall leave this to the consideration of the Reader and humbly crave your favourable acceptance of these my weak endeavours and First-Fruits of my few years hard study Which if I obtain my Book though a Stripling and very impotent of it self yet under your favourable protection I am confident will manfully obvert and defend it self against the venemous Bitings of Slanderous Tongues from which it must expect not a little opposition I hope nay confidently believe that this poor Infant though but meanly clad will find your encouragement being an honest mans Child no Vagrant I beseech you Sir excuse my confidence who dare thus rush into your presence and demand without any merit of my own your favourable protection But it is your good Nature of which I am an Admirer that hath so far emboldened me Had Nature been more liberal to me in Expressions or had tipt my Tongue with Eloquence yet I durst not make use of it to you for I know you delight not in it nor is my self therewith affected Therefore in all humility sincerity and plain Language I subscribe my self Your most affectionate Servant John Tanner TO THE READER IT is not vain-glory Courteous Reader arrogancy or presumption that hath put me upon this Design viz. publishing this Tractate of Physick But for some years having abandoned the hunting after all glistering shewes of happiness I have applyed my Mind to the study of Nature and finding nothing in the World that God the Great Creatour hath kept to himself but made subject to the industrious Capacity of man's soaring Brain And that the same God that infused into man a conceiveable Mind to understand the Mysteries of Nature also gave a Tongue able to express his Conceptions to another and a Hand to write it for the benefit of Posterity As there is nothing can make a man approach nearer to the perfection of Nature which he lost in his Fall then painful searching into the Secrets of Nature so there is nothing in Nature can make a man more glorifie his Maker then communicating what he hath found by Search and Industry to Posterity These considerations put me upon the Enterprise not forgetting the saying of Plato and the Stoicks Non nobis solum nati sumus ortúsque nostri partem patria vendicat partem parentes partem amici Quae in terris gignuntur ad usum hominum omnia creari homines autem hominum causa esse generatos ut ipsi inter se aliis alii prodesse possent We are not born for our selves alone but partly for our Countrey partly for our Parents and partly for our Friends What ever the Earth hath produced was created for the use of Man Man also was created for Man's sake that they might among themselves profit one by another These considerations I say moved me to pursue this Design which though it will not satisfie every detracting Critick and self-conceited Practitioner I hope will find acceptance among those for whom I principally intended it Courteous Reader I have collected out of the Works of most of the Ancient and Modern Physitians now extant among us this Compendium or Abridgment of Physick much of which I have sealed confirmed by the Probatum est of my own Experience as Providence hath given me occasion I have not put thie to view in competition with the Works of so many more grave and Learned Raboies but for the good of those that want such helps and are unacquainted with the Latine Tongue but more particularly for these Reasons First because many industrious Students have not a Purse to purchase so many Authors Secondly others have not a Brain to peruse such lage Volumns but are at first better able to apprehend much lying in a little compass the use of which as an Introduction will give them light to pass thorough larger Volumes with more ease Third'y that People void of Learning and of mean Capacities may be better able to judge of a Disease by the Symptomes and give a better Information to an absent Physitian then to set him to juggle in the Piss-per Fourthly Ladies and Gentlewomen who are wont to help their poor sick Neighbours may be the better enabled and be forewarned by dangerous Symptomes to haste to the Learned Physitian Lastly that all Women may the better understand the Physitians Directions and with more Prudence govern the Sick The first Book was the Fruits of my wandering Meditations which I once intended not for publick view Much of the second was my Daily Collections which my Practise lead me to In the Theory I interlaced the Judgments of Authors making choice of that which seemed most consentaneous to Reason and my own Experience In the Practique part I have quoted Medicines from several Authors as left by them Some
and speak comfortably to him Let no unseemly action nor uncivil word proceed from him Let him not forsake his Patient for any cause whatsoever Let him consult with God in the beginning of all his cures and heartily give God thanks for the performance of them Let him love godliness and honesty and be an unblameable servant to God and Nature These are the principal and chief Characters by which every diseased man may make choice of his Physician of whom I shall say with the learned Fernelius Medicus remedia confert non solum ut naturae minister fed interdum ut adjutor interdum etiam ut opifex primarius A Physician doth cure not only as Natures servant but sometimes us her helper yea sometimes as the chief workman I shall not build my discourse Theorically but Practically and having in the former Book briefly desctibed the principal parts of man and the humane faculties and virtues thereon depending I shall in this Book declare the Causes Symptoms and Cures of Diseases in those parts which hinder them in the exercise of those humane faculties I shall treat of each disease simply and distinctly and leave this Aphorism to the consideration of the ingenious Simplex affectus simplici remedio compositus composito propellendus A simple Disease is removed by a simple remedy a compound Disease is expelled by compound Medicines CHAP. II. Of Diseases of the Head MAny Diseases are incident to the Head of Man I shall treat of them in order according to the places which they possesse which I shall devide into three parts First the Membranes Secondly the substance of the Brain Thirdly the Nerves which nourish the Brain The Membranes is the first pannicle within the Skull called Dura Mater or without the Skull called Pericranium which are subject to these Diseases viz. the Head-ach the inveterate Head-ach and the Megrim In the substance of the Brain which is the seat and instrument of the intellectual faculties of the Soul viz. imaginations judgment and memory are defects also viz. the depravation of those faculties as a Frensie Melancholy and Madnesse Sleepy Disease Lethargy The Ventricles of the brain are subject to many distempers as Vertigo Falling sicknesse the night Mare the Apoplexy Palsy Convulsion trembling and quaking and Catarrhs Of inveterate Head-ach â—…d the Megrim The inveterate Head-ach is called in Greek and Latine Cephalaea it is a disease of long continuance very painful and upon every light occasion invadeth the Patient with sharp fits that he cannot indure noise nor light but desireth to lye still in the dark sometime this Disease is with continuance and sometimes with intermission The Cause This Disease is caused through blood or other humors abounding or by sharp humors or vapours within or without the Scull inflaming the Head sometimes weaknesse of the Head is the Cause The Sign If fulnesse of humors be the cause of the Disease then is the Head very heavy and lumpish if the humors be sharp the pain is felt with pricking shooting if there be inflammation the Head worketh like the Pulses if wind be the peccant cause there is found distention or stretching out without heaviness or beating if two or more of these Symptomes appear together judge accordingly Note that if the pain be felt superficially or outwardly than is the perieranium grieved If it be felt within which is known by the pain at the roots of the Eys then is the grief within the Dura Mater Hemicrania or the Megrim differeth not from Cephalaea saving if in the Megrim one half of the Head is afflicted whereas in the other the whole Head by the aforegoing Symptoms you may discover the humour offending The Cure As there are diversity of Causes so there is of Cures If the Disease be ingendred of plenitude of humors and the whole boy appâ—…â—…ll it is not amiss to begin the cure with the evacuâ—… of the whole body and if age strength and the season consent open the Gephalick or head Vein If flegmatick and viscuous humors be the Cause it is good to extenuate and make thin the humors thus Take of Oximel scilliticum and syrup of Staechas of each half an ounce distilled water of Marjerom Betony and Parsley an ounce mix these and make a potion for the morning Or else make a decoction in this manner Take Mint Calamint Marjerom Betony Sage of each half a handful the seeds of sweet Fennel Annis and Parstey of each half an ounce the roots of Asparagus Fennel and Parsley of each two ounces Peony root half an ounce shread the hearbs bruise the seeds slice the roots and take out the pith and boil it in a quart of water till half be consumed strein it and add of syrup of Betony compound one ounce and Oximel simplex as much and make a potion for three times take it at night two hours after a light supper the Body thus prepared you may come to purge and evacuate the peccant humours Take half a dram of Pill Cochiae the greater in the morning and keep the Chamber they which are most commendable are pills of Hiera with Agarick Take half a drachm at night two hours after a light supper take some warm broth in the morning and keep the house thus do for a week or longer in like manner you may use Pill Alephanginae and order your body as before and remember that grosse and clammy-humours will not follow a sudden purgation and therefore often purging is used that so they may be drawn out by little and little Also clisters are necessary because they cleanse the bowels and pull back those humours and vapours which ascend and annoy the head Take of Mallows Pellitorie of the Wall Endive Succorie Violet-leaves Cammomell-flowers of each one handfull sweet Fennellseed halfe an ounce Linseed Two drachmes boile them in a quart of Spring water or rather cleare posset-drink till halfe be consumed streine it out and to the decoction adde of the pulpe of Cassia Fistula one ounce Oile of Rue halfe an ounce Benedictae Laxativae half an ounce The Body being purged by discretion it is not amisse for the patient to make use of some diet drink that hath power to warme the braine to exsiccate and concoct crude humours to attenuate the grosse cut that which is tough and expell the thinnest either by Urine or insenfible transpiration You may make it thus Take of Guajacum Sassufras the Root of Salsaperilla of each two ounces English Liquoris and Cinamon of each one ounce Coriander-seed halfe an ounce infuse them 24 houres in 4 quarts of Spring-water the vessell standing in hot embers and close covered afterwards boile it gently to the consumption of halfe sweeten it with honey whilst it is hot let the Patient drink halfe a pint in the morning and dispose himself for sweat and if he drink it for his ordinary drink 15 or 20 dayes more or lesse as necessity requireth it is the better If the Patient become costive
If you feare blood-letting by reason of age want of streangth or a bad season use cupping with scarification behind the neck upon the back bone It is good also to use Frictions and Ligatures upon the legs and to draw blisters upon the Armes and Shoulders After Phlebotomy you must apply medicines that do coole the Braine and repell and hinder the humours from ascending to the head as Oyle of Roses two ounces Rose Vinegar one ounce the water of Plantane and Lettuce of each two ounces with the whites of two Eggs mingle them together and apply it to the forehead with a double cloath If that prove not essicacious take oyle of Mandrakes Roses Violets and water Lillyes of each two drachms the juice of Lettuce and Puâ—slane of each halfe an ounce the whites of two eggs mingle and apply it But here let me advise people to be very wary and carefull in the applying of these medicines by no mâ—anes apply cooling medicines in the extremity of the fit nor refrigerate and stupsie the Braine too sodainly lest by overmuch cooling you turn the Frensie into a Lethargy and make your Patient sleep his last Likewise consider from the Symptomes of the disease to what part of the head to apply your medicine having consideration to the age of your patient and season of the yeare your Wit will informe you whether you are best to apply it warm or cold If you find the inflammation extend it selfe to the skin and exterior parts use no repelling medicines for feare you drive the distemper to the Braine It is convenient likewise to refrigerate the interior parts thus take of the syrups of Violet erratick Poppys and Pomegranates of each four drachms the distilled waters of Plant Lettuce Poppy and Purslane of each two ounces mix them and make a julep for three doses This electuary is good in this case Conserve of Roses and Violets of each one ounce the conserve of Clove-Gilliflowers and water Lillys of each halfe an ounce Diamargatiton frigidum halfe a drachme with Syrup of Violets make it into an electuary give the sick the quantity of a Nutmeg once in an houre two or three as necessity shall require Having thus prepared the humours you may evacuate them by purgations but it is convenient to use the most gentle purgers you may safely administer an ounce of Catholicon in the evening drink somwhat warme in the morning it is a fine cooling and gentle purge Or you may make a decoction of some cooling hearbs and in halfe a pint of the liquor warme infuse therein a drachme of Rubarb 12. hours dissolve therein halfe an ounce of Catholicon and two drachms of syrup of Roses and make a potion Let his drink be Barly water and mingle with it the syrup of Pomegranats Lemons or Barberies By this you may know how to cure not onely Frensies but all ravings and watchings which are ingendred by Feavers CHAP. IV. Of Madnesse THe Latines call this disease Insania and Furor and the Greeks Mania we call it Madnesse In this distemper the body is much out of order and the Spirits much disquieted It cometh without a Feavour and therein it differeth from the Frensie This disease is caused somtimes of the abundance of blood flowing up to the Braine Somtimes of hot and cholerick humours or of a hot distemper of the Braine The Symptomes of Madnesse are weaknesse of the Head tickling of the Eares and shinings before their eyes watchings strange thoughts and ravenous appetite If it proceed from the abundance of blood there followeth continuall laughing objects of laughter evermore appearing before the eyes When it proceedeth from both blood and choler it causeth a dashing and fervent motion in the braine which maketh the sick irefull full of motion and bold But if the choler wax grosse the sick is more mad and harder to cure There is another sort of Madness caused by melancholy occupying the mind and changing the temperature of it Somtimes the blood is generally corrupted by melancholy and the brain hurt thereby Somtimes melanchollyblood ascendeth to the braine when the blood is not generally corrupted Somtimes inflammations obstructions and evill effects of the Stomach and Spleen may be the cause thereof There are many Signes of this distemper they which are most common are these fearfullnesse sadnesse hatred and very strange imaginations Some have fancyed themselves beasts and have counterfeited the voice of Beasts others earthen-pots and have fled from company for feare of being broken Somtimes they desire death and to make away themselves Somtimes they much dread death Some think themselves inspired with the holy Spirit and do Prophesie others fancy themselves great Philosophers If the blood be generally corrupted the body is leane pale and rough and generally melancholly They whose distemper arise from defects of the stomach or Spleen have burnings grevious inflammations and plucking of the sides are subject to be costive troubled with wind fuming to the head causing lightnesse and troublesome dreames For the cure If blood abound after the administring of a Clyster you must come to blood-letting You may open the Cephalick if that appeare not the middle veine draw as much blood as the strength of the Patient will beare you may as you find occasion open the veine in the forehead if it appeare if the sick be a woman open the veine under the Ancle you may also bleed the Hemorrhoid-veines I beseech you not only here but in all other distempers to be very carefull and sparing of your Patients blood draw not too much at a time lest you weaken nature too much in this case it is best often to bleed and in the mean time keep the body soluble either by Clysters made as the former Chapter will direct you or other convenient purges viz Take black Hellebore sliced small one ounce infuse it three days in a quarter of a pint of raine-water then boile it gently to the consumption of the third part keeping it close covered streine it out and add to the liquor two ounces of clarified honey let the sick drink halfe an ounce in the morning in a little broath or posset-drink for severall dayes together increase or decrease the dose according to the strength or debility of your patient Or take of the extract of black Hellebore halfe a scruple Syrrup of Violets one ounce mix it for one dose If the body require a stronger purgation Take of Diagridium and Lapis Lazuli of each halfe a drachme Turbith one drachm Sena halfe an ounce Epithymum Cremo-tartar of each two drachms Of Cinamon and Citron pills of each one scruple Safron halfe a scruple Let them be finely pulverized the dose is a drachme or four Scruples administred in broath or some other convenient Liquor These are convenient medicines which purge both choler and melancholly You may purge with confectio Hamech Diasenae Pillulae Indae Pill Lapid Lazuli the dose must be regulated according to your patients condition strength and
age Before you come to purging make use of altering or preparing medicines Take of the slowers of Borage Buglosse and Violets of Harts-tongue Fumitory and Tamarisk of each one handfull Raisons of the Sun stoned one ounce barke of the root of Capers three drachms roots of Fennell Parsly Lycorish of each a drachme boile them all gently in three pints of water till one be consumed streine them out and clarifie the liquor with whites of eggs add to the same of the syrups of Fumitory Epithimum and Apples magisteriall of each one oâ—nce Take halfe a pint in the morning use this or medicines of this nature three or four dayes twice in the week purge gently twice in a month administer a strong purge ever remember in the meane time to use Phlebotomy as necessity requireth forget not to empty the body by Clysters if there be occasion The night after you have let your patient blood be sure you administer such things as have power to procure sleep which you may do thus Take of conserve of Roses Violets and Buglosse flowers of each halfe an ounce the conserve of the young tops of Tamariske and Clove Gilliflowors of the stalke of Lettuce and Citron rindes preserved of each four draâ—… Mirabolanes and Emblicks of each one Confectio Alchermes and de Hyacintho of each two drachms Corall and Pearles prepared of each two scruples pil diá Margariton frigidum and Laetificans halfe a drachme mix them well in a marble or glasse Morter adding one ounce of syrup of sweet-sented apples The dose is the quantity of a Wall-nut drink after it a little of some convenient Julep or decoction You must likewise apply repelling and discussing medicines to the head the Chapter of the Frensie will furnish you with such medicines But if the Cholerick and melancholly humors in the Braine are grosse and hard to be removed prepare a fomentation in this manner Talte a sufficient quantity of Cephalick herrbs viz Betony Penny-royall Rosemary Lettice Plantane Willow-leaves Housleek Strawberry-leaves Violet-leaves Fumitory Water-Lillys or their Flowers Staechas Poppys boile them in a sufficient quantity of Fountaine water then take of Bay-berries and the root of black Hellebore a sufficient quantity crosly bruise them and sow them with some of the softest of the hearbs into a long bagg boil the bagg a little in the aforesaid decoction bathe the head being shaved with the decoction an houre as hot as may well be indured with double cloathes then bind the bagg to the crowne of the head with hot clothes let the patient lye in his bed and sleep if he can this will wonderfully expell the humours through the Emunctories of the head for it wonderfully discusseth the fuliginous matter gathered in the head which other remedies can scarcely performe This you may do for nine dayes together if you see occasion but be sure to keep the head warme afterward If you find that obstruction or inflammation of the Spleen or defects of the Stomach be the cause of the distemper you must administer inward and outward medicines to open the obstruction and allay the inflammation for such medicines I referr you to those Chapters where I shall treat of the distempers of those parts CHAP. V. Of the Apoplexy Lethargy and Sleepy-disease THe Apoplexy is a depriving of sense motion throughout the whole body coming suddenly without let or hurt of all voluntary functions Causes It is caused of humours cold grosse and tough which fill up and obstruct the Ventricles of the braine which are engendred by overmuch crudities drunkennesse is oftentimes the cause Somtimes a blow or fall causing humours to flow thither is the cause Somtimes of a grosse melancholly humour Or the excrements and humidity of the braine are congealed and thickned by the coldnesse of the aire Signes The Symptomes or forerunners of this disease are violent and sharp paines of the head the Vertigo the swelling of the Veins of the neck a slownesse to move the extreame parts of the body cold When the disease cometh to its height the breathing is so diminished that it cannot be perceived and that is a very evill signe or else it is holden for a while and then fetcht with great violence so much the more it differeth from the naturall course so much stronger is the disease Hippocrates in his Aphorismes saith that it is impossible to cure a strong Apoplexy and not easie to cure a weak one The Lethargy is likewise an inexpugnable desire of sleeping sluggishness Its name in the Greek viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth forgetfulness and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dull viz. dul oblivion The cause is the same with the former in quality they differ only in this that the Lethargy is accompanied with a Feaver and raving the Pulse is great and striketh seldom and as if they were full of water they fetch their breath weakly alwaies sleepy and can scarcely be compelled to awake If you call them very loud they will sometimes open their eys but soon shut them again they gasp and gape and sometimes forget to shut their mouths c. Coma is a profound sleep from which if he be roused he will answer to any Question but soon fall asleep again sometimes the sick watcheth much yet cannot hold open his eyes but is very desirous to sleep Carus is also a sleepy disease and differeth from the rest it differeth from Coma and the Lethargy because they that have Carus lye in a dead sleep call them pull them and prick them they will not answer Again for the most part a violent Feaver goeth before Carus in the Lethargy it followeth it differeth from the Apoplexy in it the breath is very streight that the sick can scarcely breath at all but in Carus the sick hath his breath at liberty The Cure They who are afflicted with either of these Diseases are in much danger and have need of the speedy help of an able Physician who must without delay use his best endeavours First let him endeavour to awake his Patient out of this dead sleep by presenting forcible objects to every sense Let him place him so that the Sun beams or some clear light may shine upon his face Let him fill his ears with noise clamours and sounds and call him by his name with a loud voice put up into his nose things that are sharp as Rue Castoreum and Vinegar do the like to his mouth Likewise you must provoke the sense of feeling by frictions pulling of the hair pulling out and solding the fingers and all other parts binding c. You must provoke the body to stool by sharp Clysters thus Take of Sage Betony Rue Centory of each one handfull Camomel Calamint and Penny-royall of each half a handful the seeds of Cummin sweet Fennel and Dill of each three drachms the roots of Polypody six drachms Agarick three drachms pulp of Coliquintida one drachin boyl them in a convenient quantity
not here trouble my selfe or the reader to insert examples of the aforegoing medicines the Chapters beforegoing together with every Artists ingenuity will sufficiently insorme Take this for a generall rule that when a Catarrh or Deflaxion is caused by excrementitious humours flowing from any of the inferior parts by reason of the naturall passage being stopped you must open the obstruction by often purging or by medicines regarding the nature of the obstruction and by that meanes turn the humours offending into their naturall channell after convenient Evacuations with internall and externall medicines labour to corroborate the head and dry up the humours Internall medicines may be prepared thus or after this manner Take of Coriander seed prepared and Coltsfoot dryed Nutmegs and Frankinsence of each halfe an ounce Liquoris Mastick and Cubebs of each two drachms flos Sulphuris three drachms Conserve of red Roses one ounce with a pound of white Sugar dissolved in Popy-water make rolls weighing three drachms or half an ounce Take one morning and Evening Or you may make Troches in this manner Take of the best Frankincense and juice of Liquoris of each one drachm Lac Sulphuris half a drachm Opium Saffron and Mirrh of each one scruple the oyles of Annise-seed and Nutmegs of each three drops with Diacedium as much as sufficeth to make Troches or if you please you may make them into pills and take halfe a drachm morning and evening It is good to apply bags of hearbs to the fore part of the head which have a drying quality shave the fore part of the head and apply the gum Sacamahaca spread upon a cloath in the forme of a plaister and add thereto a little Mirrh or if you make a fume thereof and shut the Chamber close it profiteth If the defluxion proceed from a hot cause you must administer medicines which have power to thicken the humours to repel and evacuate it you must likewise correct the distempers and fortifie the parts both sending and receiving and that you may so do you must revel or pull bâ—ck the humours by Phlebotomy if nothing hinder it You must thicken the humours by administring Juleps made of the Waters of Plantane Purslane Lettice the Sirrups of Poppies Violets Water-Lillies of dryed Roses and Meconium and such like Having thus thickned and prepared the humours you must evacuate them by gentle Purgatives Take of the Bestrhabarb a drachm infuse lit in any of the afore-named waters as much as is sufficient for a potion six hours in warm Embers strain it out and add to the liquour one ounce of Manna and as much Sirrup of dryed Roses and administer it To make the potion stronger you may dissolve therein Catholicon Diapranam Solative or Lenitive Confectio Hamech c. or such like having respect to the age and strength of your Patient and humour offending You must endeavour to restrain the Flux thus take of Conserve of Roses one ounce Diatraganthum Frigidum and Palyis Haly of each a drachm Bolearmenick prepared with Rose-water a drachm with the Emulsion of the four great cold Seeds and Sirrup of dryed Roses make an Opiate and give the quantity of a Nutmeg to bedward These Troches are much commended take Gum-Dragant and Arabick of each two drams Bolearmenick and Terra Sigillata washed in Rosewater of each one drachm White Poppy seeds and Juyce of Liquorish of each half a drachm Sugar-penid one ounce with the Musilage of Quince-seeds extracted with Rosewater make Troches to be held in in the mouth day and night The Spirit of Sulphur and Vitriol given three or four drops in a convenient Julep morning and evening worketh no small effects against a defluxion especially if it proceed from an inflammation of the bowels If you find the Disease too stubborn to yield to these medicines you must make use of Narcoticks of which Laudanum is none of the worst four or five grains given at bed-time Faventius extolleth these Pills in a Salt Catarrh or defluxion of salt humours Take of the juyce of Liquoris two drachms washed Aloes one drachm Pillulae de Cynoglosso half a drachm with Sirrup of Violets make a Mass and take a scruple thereof at bed-time It is convenient to make pouders to apply to the head which have power to strengthen to stop the defluxion and consume the humours Take of white Amber Benjamin Mastich Nutmegs of each half an ounce Betony Sage Rosemary Lavender Marjarome of each half a handful Frankinsense graits of Kermes Red-roses Peony seeds and Poppy heads of each two drachms Sanders Myrtles Cyprus nuts and Pomegranate flowers of each one drachm make a powder for the lining of a Cap or Quilt or if you had rather you may make a plaister with the same Simples with Wax and Oyl of Rofes according to art and apply it to the head being first shaved CHAP. X. Of Diseases of the Eyes and first of the Diseases proceeding from Obstruction in the Optick Nerves IN the former book having given you a brief account of this worthy member and what varicty of wonderful operations God and Nature hath placed in so little a subject yet of the parts and faculties thereof it is too hard a task for the most exquisite Philosopher to conceive aright or for the most eloquent Orator to express such wonderful notions But seeing God hath indued every man with this member by whose curious inspection he is inabled to pry into all things it is the duty of every Naturalist to exercise this member in finding out its own constitution and curing the distemper and maladies to which it is subject For the benefit of those who want better helps I shall as briefly as may be discover the diseases and cures of the eye as they are in which work I adhere to the opinions of the wise and learned Physitians verified by Reason and my own Experience Sometimes it happeneth that the sight of the eye is totally extinguished and no fault appears in the eye And this cometh to pass either by obstruction or adstriction of the Optick Nerves and is called by the Latines Gutta Serena and Amauresis Obstruction for the most part is the cause of this Disease which happeneth by the flowing down of a watry humour upon the Nerves which causeth blindness or dimness of sight the like obstruction happening to the other Nervs causeth the Palsie Adstriction or compression sometimes happeneth by some moist humour gathered about the Optick Nerves as blood or filthy matter gathered In the brain sometimes bp humours sometimes by inflammation in malignant Feavers and may be the cause of this Disease For the Nerves being thus obstructed or compressed the animal Spirits cannos pass from the brain to the eyes To this I may add that in case by a wound in the head the Optick Nerves be cut without controversie it causeth blindness The sign of this Disease is the loss of sight and the eye appearing in its natural condition onely the Pupilla or sight
of the eye looketh wider blacker and dimmer the difference of causes is thus known If the cause be blood or choler some inflammation impostume or wound in the head hath gone before If the Nerves are compressed by Flegme gathered about the roots of the eyes all or most of the head is affected and the other senses are hurt but if it be obstruction of the Optick Nerves the eye is onely affected or the fore-part of the head about the eye-hrows beareth part of the affliction If the Disease proceed from an obstruction in the Optick Nerves and the sight be totally lost for the most part the Disease is incurable but if the obstruction be imperfect that is to say the sight much diminished and the Patient not totally blind then there is hope of recovery If it happen by humours gathered into the fore-part of the head compressing the Nerves it is curable For the Cure the head must be cleansed by medicines which effectually purge those humours which compress or obstruct the Nerves but remember that as you cannot free the Nerves without purging the whole head so you cannot cleanse the head without purging the whole body It is good that the Patient avoid a thick cold cloudy and moist ayr and frequent the contrary Let him eschew all meats that are gross or yield a gross juyce such as are windy hot spices or whatever fills the head with vapours It is good to put the seed of Fenel into his bread Let his meat for his sauce be extenuating as Betony Eyebright Fenel Hysop Marjarom Sage Nutmeg also doth much comfort the brain and clears the sight as 't is generally believed Let the aforesaid hearbs likewise be boiled in his broth Lettice and such ilke cold herbs are very hurtful Turneps are highly commended and 't is proved they clear the sight being often eaten Pidgeons Sparrows and such like Fowls are said to be a good food for such who are thus diseased Let him eat no Supper if he eat any let it be light and not too late Then let him make use of this Diet-drink following Take of Bettony Eyebright Celandine the great Fenel Balm Marjarom Sage and Vervain of each two handfuls the roots of Elecompane Fenel Flowerdeluce Liquoris and Sawsaparilla sliced of each one handful the Seeds of Coriander Anice and Fenel of each one ounce the slowers of Ros-mary and Lavender of each a handful Raisons of the Sun stoned and blew Figs sliced of each a pound Senna two ounces Let all these be infused six hours in a sufficient quantity of Wort upon hot Embers then tunned up in four gallons of Newbear let them work together Let the Patient drink a draught every morning till the Cure be perfected unless some other medicine intervene You must purge the body often as you see cause either with gentle or stronger purges let them be Pills and such as purge the humour oftending of which you shall have a particular account in the fourth book If your Patient be not old and you finde blood abound you may open a vein the opening of the particular veins of the head especially those that are nearest the eyes have often proved successful because the veins by reason of their fulness of blood have compressed the Optick Nerves Sometimes the application of Cupping-glasses Vesicatories and Cauteries to the hinder part of the head or neck to the shoulders or back have been attended with admirable success After due evacuation it is convenient to dry up the humours by a sudorifick Diet-drink made and used as is described in the second Chapter adding such hearbs as have a special property to cure the eyes viz. Celandine Ey-bright Fennel and Vervain If you see occasion to dry up the moist humours of the head make use of such powders bags and caps prescribed in the fore-poing Chapters Also sulphurous and Bituminous Bathes profit much The Glossie and Crystalline humours of the Eye are subject to infirmities and disorder the first is subject to a mixture with other humours and this Disease is hard to discover but must be cured by cleansing the head and optick nerves and repelling and discussing the humour which mixeth with the vitrous humour and maketh it dusky This humour also may be disordered in respect of its scituation when it is brought before the Crystalline and so diminisheth the sight This Disease is hardly distinguished from a Cataract onely it differeth in the cause for a Cataract cometh by a defluxion of humour this from a blow or contusion and is uncurable sometimes it happeneth that Nature works a cure and reduceth it to its place again but no man as yet can imitate her therefore we leave the business to her disposing The Crystalline humour is the chief instrument of sight and if any defect happen to it that it be not pure nor perspicuous the visive spirits cannot exercise their office This humour doth often suffer prejudice through some drying and condensing cause as it often happens to ancient people where the aforesaid cause changeth the Crystaline humour to redness The sign of this Disease is a thick White about the sight of the Eye and every object appeareth to the Patient as through a Cloud It is called Glaucoma and differeth from a Cataract in this viz. a Cataract lyeth in the Pupilla or sight near Cornea but Glaucoma lyeth much deeper and is uncurable especially in old people Somtimes the Crystalline humour is displaced that it lyeth not directly against the Pupilla sometimes it lyeth too high and sometimes too low and if one eye suffer all things seem double sometimes vapours and water divide the visive humours and causeth the objects to be received into two places Sometimes the Crystalline humour is removed and brought nearer to the Pupilla and things that are near are not so easily seen as things farther of But if it be removed backward things near are plainly seen but not afar of the use of Spectacles are profitable in this case Sometimes the Crystalline humour lyeth to the right or to the left side so that more White appeareth on one side then on the other and this we call Strabismus or Squinting this also is uncurable unless it happeneth that the muscles of the eyes be displaced by convulsion or palsie for if it so happeneth it is uncurable Sometimes there happeneth an inversion of the Crystalline humour so that the objects seem soulded or crooked But these Diseases being uncurable by medicines I shall prescribe none CHAP. XI Of a Cataract A Cataract is caused or bred by a distemper of the watry humour of the eye which distemper is in quantity or quality if in quantity it causeth a dilatation of the Pupilla of which I shall speak in the next Chapter If the distemper be in quality it proceeds from a mixture of excrementitious humours with the watry humour In the beginning of this distemper the sight being a little darkened it is called Suffusion but when it is gathered about
Sugillatio Sometimes the Cornea is made yellow by the Jaundise All these Diseases are easily discovered and their causes are laid down in the Description That which cometh after a Wound or Ulcer and is a Scar is not easily cured But the cure of the Pin and Web consists in Emollients attenuating and discussing medicines But the Antecedent cause must first be removed by universal evacuations such as are described in the 10. and 11. Chapters Then you must soften the hard matter with the decoction of Fenugreek Mallows Melilot Celendine Fenel and the like Then let a Child chew sweet Fenel-seed and afterwards liek the eye or make a Water thus Take of Honey a pint the juyce of Fenel-Brooklime and Celendine of each half a pint Sugar-candy dissolved in the juyces an ounce with the natural Balsome a scruple clarifie them together or distil them in Balneo Mariae and drop it into the eye The seed of Oculus Christi put into the eye is good If it be a scar after the use of the former medicines use the Water of Honey afterwards put a quantity of the Gall of an Ox to the Juyces before spoken of and thicken it with Gum-Traganth If the Eye be blood-shod and yieldeth not to the fore-going medicine you must seek its cure in the Chapter of the Cataract As for the yellowness of the Eyes caused by the Jaundise take away the cause and the effect ceaseth CHAP. XIV Of the Inflammation of the Eyes THis Disease is called Ophthalmia which is an inflammation of the Tunicle Adnata and is sometimes extended to the Cornea By the Latines it is called Lippitudo bloodshontess This Disease is divided into three kinds the first is called Taraxis by the Greeks and by the Latines Conturbatio and it cometh from an external cause viz. the Sun Smoke Oyl Dust or the like If it comes from an internal cause namely from distempers of the stomach it is called Phlogosis and is a light inflammation but is the Original of the true Ophthaliny which always proceeds from an internal cause accompanied with tumour redness and pain and a thick Exerement called Lippa from whence the Latines call it Lippitudo or bloodshotness The third sort is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in in Latine also Chimosis this is attended with vehement pain and the eye-lids are so inverted that they can scarcely cover the eye the red covereth most part of the Iris and it proceedeth from repletion and flegmy humours I might here shew you how Hippocrates hath divided these Diseases namely a moist and dry Ophthalmy the moist I have already spoken of the dry he calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it wanteth humidity and proceedeth from Choler and adust Melaneholy there are other subdivisions if there be itching joyned with it he calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and if it come with hardness of the eye-lids 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Galen mentions another which he calleth Ophthalmia Tabida which ends with a Consumption and loss of the eye this happeneth to them who have moist heads and weak eyes sit to receive a defluxion The immediate causes are defluxion or congestion and sometimes both The defluxion cometh from the head either by the internal veins which comes from the brain under the skull or by the external veins which come from the Pericranium to the Eyes These signs demonstrate the Disease and the cause thereof if redness appear without swelling it is a Contâ—rbation If swelling heat and tears be joyned to the redness then is it a perfect Ophthalmy but if it cover the black of the eye and invert the eye-lids then it is called Chimosis If blood abound and cause the distemper the eye and face will be red and the veins swelled If Choler be the cause the Patient feeleth a pricking pain sharp tears which corrode the cheeks and corners of the eyes If it proceed from Flegme the pain is heavy many slâ—my and glutinâ—…tious tears If Melancholy cause the grief the tumour is but small the colour of a dusky redness few tears the humour thick the constitution of the Patient melancholy If the defluxion come from the internal parts of the head the pain will be felt inwardly and about the roots of the eyes if through the exterior vessels the contrary signs appear the veins of the forehead are distended and there is much shooting about the Temples For the cure the external causes must be removed the antecedent causes evacuated revelled and repelled the conjunct cause derived and discussed and the parts affected strengthned Let the Patient observe an orderly and temperate Diet and eat such things that are of easie disgesture let him avoid all sharp and salt things and such as fume up to the head and such things as breed Choler Let him abstain from strong drink let most of his drink be Barley water Let him avoid all motion let him lie still as long as he is able and sleep as long as he can Let him keep his eyes shut and what ever you do endeavour to keep his body soluble Phlebotomy for the most part is convenient but let it be regulated and moderated according to the constitution strength age and sex of your Patient and nature of the Disease If the body be Plethorick and the Disease hath its original from blood you must take away the greater quantity for Galen in his book de curat per sang mis reiateth how one was cured of an Ophthalmy by bloed-letting first three pound and four hours after one pound understand this onely in the case before mentioned though I could instance many cases more cited by eminent Authors and Fathers of Physick yet let this serve for all to avoid prolixity If onely one eye be affected bleed your Patient on the contrary side If you finde a stoppage of any accustomed evacuations viz. the Terms or Hemorroid veins if the first be stopped open the Saphaena if the other bleed them with Leeches To make revulsion some do apply Cupping-glasses to the shoulders and back others open the veins of the head and temples sometimes the veins or the corners of the eyes and behind the ears and some bleed these veins by Leeches all which are very profitable for derivation When you have bled and made sufficient revulsion you must purge the humour that offendeth and causeth the blood to be inflamed but first let the humours be prepared then purge gently and often and if you see occasion after all this you may purge more strongly Prepare the humours thus Take of Endive Succory and Fumitory of each one handful Red. Rose leaves one ounce of the greater Cold-seeds half an ounce Of Lettice and Poppy-seeds of each two scruples boil them in a quart of Spring water to the consumption of half shrein it and with Sirrup of Violets two ounces and Sirrup of Fumitory one ounce make a Julep for three potions afterwards you must administer such medicines as have power gently to carry away the peccant
science truth and virtue hath its entrance into the soul this member is subject to divers diseases Similary Organick and Common which are known and distinguished by their symptomes There is first deafnesse or dullnesse of hearing which I shall joyne because they differ only in degrees and are the same in causes I shall not spend my time to shew you the difference between deafnesse and dullnesse of hearing only declare the causes of both The first is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the other is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both of these have their originall from a distemper of the braine The cause lyeth either in the exterior or interior cavity the exterior cavity may be obstructed or stopped by Tumor Impostume blood matter flegme or the like which may prove defective to the hearing but this cause cannot make an absolute deafnesse because there is an open way from the interiour eavity to the Pallat by which the sound is carryed as you may observe by those that are hard of hearing for they are subject to hold open their mouths that so they may heare the better and you may prove it by this example Hold a stick between your teeth with which strike the strings of a musicall instrument Ropping your Eares and you may heare the sound as well or better then with your open Eares The interior Cavity is somtimes obstructed by Flegmatick and Cholerick humors and somtimes by blood Somtimes humors from all parts of the body are sent to this Cavity as it happeneth somtimes in Feavers Somtimes the Tympany may be relaxed somtimes by excesse of moist humors and somtimes by some violent and suddaine noise somtimes it is stretched or dried after some violent disease accompanied with watching or fasting somtimes it may be broken by a violent motion or corroded by a sharp humor Somtimes Narcoticks administred over much somtimes a cold distemper or cold water got into the Eare or somtimes the instruments of hearing hurt by some stroke or fall or the like may be the cause of this disease Though it be hard to distinguish all these by their proper signes yet you may by Art and Conjecture come neare it If the distemper comes from a distemper of the brain either there is an appearance of some disease in the head as the Head-Ach Apoplexy c or some of the other sences are hurt If the externall Cavity of the Eares be obstructed by excrementitious humors or somthing fallen in it may be discovered by the Eye If the interior Cavity be obstructed by some humor the humor may be known by some present or preceeding disease or by the constitution of the body The loosenesse or moistnesse of the Tympane may be conjectured by some preceding moist distemper the drynesse of the same part by the drynesse of the whole body The Tympane cannot be broken unlesse there hath been some violent cause which might break it preceded If deafnesse be absolute and of long continuance or if the Patient was borne so it is incurable If it proceed from a sharp or continuall Fever the cure of the Fever is the remedy The Tympane broken the deafnesse is incurable If it increase and decrease it proceedeth from a moveable humor and is curable If it hath its originall from a distemper of the brain it is easier cured then if it comes from a proper distemper of the Eare. For the Cure you must consider what humor is the cause of the defect and you must purge the body and particularly the head you must use Revulsions as Cauteries Vesicatories Gargarisms and Masticatories to be breise these and other remedyes effectuall against this distemper may be sought out of the Chapter treating of cold distempers of the brain Sulphurous and Bituminous Baths are very profitable especially if the Patient wear a cap made of Spunge and the water pumped upon his head It is good also to make fomentations of these following hearbs viz. Mallows Marjarom Hysop Centuary Mints Camomell Rosemary Peneroyall Sage boyle them in white Wine and soment the Eare If you would have it stronger add a dram of the pulp of Coloquintida and as much white Hellebore to the fomentation a sumigation made with a Punnell of the same decoction doth wonderfully peirce the Cavity of the Eare. Or make a Loafe of bread and mâ—x with the meale a good quantity of Carawayseeds Bayberryes Juniper berryes Nutmegs and Cloves and when it is baked cut it in the middle and apply it hot to the Eare affected or to both if need be and if you think it not of sufficient force dip it first into the spirit of Wine this will serve instead of a somentation After which you must put some Oyle or Liquors proper to the Cure into the Eare as Oyle of Bitter Almonds Castor Rue c. The Chymicall Oyles of Rosemary Marjarom Sage Fennell Spike and Cloves which are too hot to be used alone but may with good successe be mixed with other Oyles and applyed Take the water of an Ash that runneth out at the end the other being in the fire one ounce The dripping of a silver Eel rosted upon a spit as much a fruple of any of the beforenamed Chymicall Oyles or a drachm of the other mix them and drop it into the Eare. Observe this generall rule that you drop nothing cold into the Eare and that you stop the Eare afterwards with Wooll or Cotton and a little Muâ—k into it Somtimes the sense of hearing is prejudiced by a preternaturall noise in the Eares the causes of which are many but cheifly a wind or vapour sent thither from other parts or bred there It cometh from all parts of the body when it happeneth in a Fever and this according to Hippocrates is deadly Somtimes it cometh from the Stomach Liver Spleen Midriffe and Womb witnesse Vomitings Hypocondriak Melancholly and fits of the Mother which for the most part are attended with a noise in the Eares Somtimes it is caused by Flegme contained in the Eare for they that are thick of hearing are seddome free from a noise in the Head a blow great sound or an Ulcer in the head may cause a noise in the head a hot distemper in the head filleth the Arteries of the Eare with much spirit and causeth a noise If the noise hath been of long continuance it is hardly Cured if it proceed from Flegme Obstructing the passage 't is doubtfull that it will end in deafnesse If you judge it curable you may find the cure in this Chapter for it differeth not in cure from dullnesse of hearing in some Cases and agreeth with the cure of the paine of the Eares in others But this remember that if it come by consent of the Stomach Liver c take away the cause and the effect ceaseth Pain in the Eares is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is caused by cold winds cold baths or the like or by a hot distemper so it be accompanied
may make it stronger if you see occasion by adding red Arsenick and Sandarach to it Mercury precipitate and applyed with Honey of Roses with a Tent is good You may make an Ointment thus Take of Letharge of Silver one drachm Ceruss three drachms Pomegranate Peels and Allum of each two drachms Verdegreese and Orpiment of each one drachm powder them and in good old white wine boil them to the thickness of Honey put in a little Oyl of Myrrh and reserve it in a Leaden Box and use it as the forenamed Medicines The sence of Smelling is either diminished abolished or depraved either by Obstruction or Astriction Cold moist and Flegmatick Distempers may either dull or abolish the sence of Smelling Hence Defluxions upon those parts do hinder the sence Flegm obstructs and hindereth the sensible passages viz. the Nostrils and the Pores of the Brain the insensible Passages and the Processus Mamillates or Sarcoma and Polypus may hinder the senceby obstructing the Nostrils Smelling is hindered by Astriction when Flegm gathered in the fore-part of the Brain doth compress the Mamillares as was said before in the compression of the Optick Nerves Sometimes this Sence is depraved by some putrefaction or ulcer in the Nose or the Menings or some of the parts official to this Sence and thereby hindereth it or some stinking Vapour arising from some other part of the Body may hinder the exercise of this Office as the Tongue is depraved by Choller and maketh all things that is tasted seem bitter the signes are these Slimy Flegm coming from the Brain and cold and moisture oppressing the Brain shew Flegm to be the cause If it be from Sarcoma or Polypus it is easily discovered If the matter causing the obstruction be contained in the Nostrils the speech is hurt also but it is not so if it be in the Mamillares or the fore-part of the Brain The Cure is diverse according to the diversity of causes I shall say nothing to it onely give you this general Rule If it come from a Defluxion you must proceed as you are instructed in the cure of a cold Catarrh If from obstruction or compression of the Mamillares I shall refer you to the Chapter treating of the cold distemper of the Brain for the Cure In the 9th Chapter of this Book treating of a defluxion I told you if it fell into the Nose it is a cold Coryza I think it not amiss if I here speak a word or two of the nature and cause of it This Defluxion is caused either by overmuch heat which doth dissolve the crude Humours gathered in the fore Ventricles of the Brain or else by cold which doth compress and squeez the aforesaid Humours This is easily known by the Humours flowing through the Nose and of all Catarrhs it is the most easie to cure For the Cure repair to the 9th Chapter to which add the Vapour of Marjarom and Red-Rose Leaves boiled in Vinegar taken into the Nose It the Distemper be cold Take Frankincense Mastich Nigella and the like thrown upon a Chafingdish of Burning Coals and do as before I shal now speak a word or two of Neesing vulgarly sneezing which though it be looked upon but as a slight effect not worth mentioning hath by reason of a sharp Defluxion proveth not onely troublesome but dangerous And hence came the Custom of saying God bless you God save you or Christ help when a man sneezeth Sneezing is a swift motion of the Brain by which the Breath is drawn up unto the Brain to force out that which doth offend for Sneezing belongs to the Natural Expulsive Faculty of the Brain and its Membranes as it is with the Cough which doth by its natural motion free the Arteries of the Lungs from Flegm which obstructeth them But the proper cause of Sneezing is a sharp Humour which doth provoke the inside of the Nostrils as 't is verified by snuffing up sharp things into the Nostrils which Humour cometh from the Brain or some inferiour parts sometimes the coldness of the Air doth act upon and compress the Brain and causeth a sharp Humour to fall into the Nostrils which provoketh Sternucation The knowledge of this Disease is manifest outward causes appear and by the signs of the parts affected As to the Prognostick it is naturally and essentially without danger accidentally it may prove hurtful namely in the beginning of Coryza it hindereth the concoction of the Humours by its violent motion sometimes in Feavers it is violent and causeth bleeding and is prejudicial to the Patients strength In the Plurisie and all Diseases of the Lungs it is bad because it violently pulleth those parts and causeth a greater inflammation Yet if there be Flegme got into the Gristles of the Lungs which a Cough cannot get out then is Sneezing helpful For the most part it is friendly to healthy people and promiseth help in Feavers It is good in Apoplexies and always welcome to women in travel or troubled with fits of the Mother If Sternutation become Symptomatical you must remove the external cause or internal from whence it cometh by Evacuations Derivations Revulsions and Discussions and if you see cause you must bleed use Frictions Ligatures and Cupping In the mean time you must labour to take away the sharpness which provoketh to Stenutation Let your Patient snuff up warm milk warm water or warm water and Butter mingled the Oyls of Roses sweet Almonds and Violets which will afford much comfort to the diseased Of bleeding at the Nose CHAP. XIX THis disease is called Haemorrhagia and it is either organicall or common the organicall is either the opening of the Vessels called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the rarefaction of them called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The common disease is also twofold either the breaking of the Vessels called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Erosion called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Blood offending either in quantity or quality is the cause of these distempers Somtimes externall causes concur as wounds strokes falls vehement exercise drunkennesse long staying in the Sun It is also either Criticall or symptomaticall Criticall when nature dischargeth her self of superfluous blood sometimes in health sometimes in Fevers and somtimes from an inflammation of the Liver or Spleen Symptomaticall is when filthy blood caused by the weaknesse of the Liver in a Cronical distemper is let go by reason of the debility of the retentive faculty or by the strength of the expulsive faculty expelled as unprofitable and unnecessary If the blood flowes by reason of the vein broken the blood is thick and floweth continually if the vein be only opened the blood is thinner and floweth by fits If the veines be eroded or gnawen asunder the Patient hath had a salt Catarrh or Ulcer or Cacochymia The causes are easily distinguished by their signes viz A red face and eyes with heavinesse signifieth plenty of blood If choler or Melancholly be the cause the blood is
for which purpose this Gargarism is good Take Violet-leaves Mallows and Parsly of each one handfull whole Barley four ounces Figs and Raisons stoned of each three ounces the seed of Flax and Fenugreek of each one ounce Spring water a quart boyle it to the Consumption of halfe straine it and add four ounces of the syrrup of Jujubes use it as the other before When the humors are suppurate if it break not make incision then cleanse it with Plantane water and Hony of Roses There is another Tumor under the Tongue called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Latines Ranula because it representeth the hinder part of a Frog also because they that are thus affected when they speak do Croake like a Frog This humor is a loose and soft carnosity under the Tongue the tumor therein contained is somtimes hot though for the most part it is cold slimy and pituitous matter which when it is opened is like the white of an Egge somtimes mixed with yellow This disease is not for the most part accounted dangerous unlesse it be in a Child or the humor be Cancrous If nothing prohibite you must begin the Cure with blood-letting that so the humors may be the more obedient you must likewise purge the peccant humors with discretion then you may endeavour to disolve and discusse the humor thus Take of green Mugwort and Hysop of each one handfull Common Salt and Salt Armoniack of each two drachms Galls one drachm beat them well together rub the place often with it But if it submit not to this way of Cure as it seldom doth you must open it with a large Orifice and if you open it on both sides it will be the better Some commend a Cautery of iron after you have opened it squeez out the matter with your finger then wash it with White-Wine and Hony of Roses or thus Take of White Wine and Plantane water of each two ounces dissolve a drachm of Allum then add twenty drops of the Oyle of Sulphur with an ounce of syrrup of Mulberrys make a Lotion and wash the place till it be whole Somtimes the Tongue suffereth a Palsie by which it is deprived of its motion Somtimes it followeth an Apoplexy and somtimes it is joyned with a Palsey which afflicts half the body somtimes it is only in the Tongue when its nerves and moving Muscles are prejudiced by some moist or pituitous matter Somtimes those Nerves may be cut and the Palsie may follow Avicen confirmeth this opinion by an example in his time of a certaine man being cupped and scarified by which the small Nerve was cut and caused a relaxation of the Tongue If this Palsie follow an Apoplexy and the other parts of the body be affected and the Patient be old it is incurable If you have hopes of recovery you must take away the Antecedent cause lodged in the braine and you must dissolve and discusse the conjunct cause viz. the humors which obstruct the Nerves and hinder the motion of the Tongue If you see occasion you may make use of Phlebotomy it profiteth much to open a Vein under the Tongue you may purge with Pills or Cephalick Apozems you may rarifie the humors by sweating drinks cuppings vesicatoryes Cauteryes may be applyed for discussing and drawing forth of the humor let Gargarisms Masticatories and Errhies be followed for strengthening the braine and dispersing offending humors therein contained make use of Fumigations Powders and Quilts for the head for the making and application of which I refer you to the second Chapter of this Book CHAP. XXI Of the Diseases of the Teeth THE Teeth also are subject to Distempers viz. the ache and foulness and rottenness The Tooth-ache is caused by a Flux of Humours either hot or cold which flow to the Membrane Nerves or to the substance of the Teeth Sometimes Worms are bred in hollow and rotten Teeth of an Excrementitious Humour which causeth pain sometimes Wind contained between the Cavity and the Nerve doth cause pain The External Causes are cold Air and South Winds Likewise the debility of the part as hollowness or rottenness of the Teeth do sometimes cause pain Every cause is known by its proper sign for if a hot Humour falling upon the part be the cause the pain is more violent the Patient is sensible of heat about the Teeth and Gums hot Medicines encreasoth pain Signs contrary to these do declare the Humour peccant to be cold If the cause be Worms the pain is with intermission and their motion may be felt If Wind cause the pain it is exceeding violent with sensible extension yet quickly ending after the use of discussing Medicines If it be a hot Humour that causeth the Tooth-ach it is good to open a Vein on the same side by which the Humours are revelled and though the Humour be cold yet Phlebotomy may be needful to revel the Defluxion but it must be regulated according to the age and strength of the Patient The next day you may purge the Humour that principally offendeth Cupping is sometimes requisite and fâ—r the most part Vesicatories to the Neck and behind the Ears are successful to draw back the Humours Astringent Medicines to the Temples are good to hinder the Defluxion Of Plaisters these are good Emplastrum de Mastiche ad Herniam and Gum Elemi spread and applyed to the Temples and behind the Ears Riverius commendeth the Root of Comfry bruised and applyed as before to hinder the Defluxion Riverius Physitian to Henry the Great commendeth this Plaister Take of Cyprus Nuts Red Roses Mustard seed torrified Mastich and Terra Sigillata of each one drachm and an half Steep them in Vinegar of Roses twenty four hours and then dry them Opium three drachms dissolved in Aqua Vitae Pitch and Colophonia of each one drachm Yellow Wax melted in the expressed Oyls of Henbane and White Poppy as much as is sufficient to make an Emplaister which must be applyed as before The Oyl of Bitter Almonds or Vinegar put into the Ear is good to stay the Defluxion if it proceed from a hot cause If the Humours be cold put the Oyl of Rue or a Clove of Garlick into the Ear and wash the Teeth with Red Wine wherein is boiled the Roots of Bistort Cinquefoil Tormentil the Leaves of Vervain Peny-royal and Galls and anoint the Checks or the Check on the same side with the Oyls of Camomel Rue or Roses to asswage the paâ—n If the Tooth-ache come from a hot cause boil the Leaves of Henbane spotted Arsmart Housleek and Nettle Roots in Vinegar and wash the Teeth and to asswage pain anoint the Checks with the Oyl of Lillies Roses sweet Almonds Or you may make a Cataplasm with Barley and Bean Meal the juyce of Housleek and Milk and the aforesaid Oyls and if you add a small quantity of Opium to it it will not be amiss But take this Caution that if the Checks be swelled beware how you
swallow it by which it may be known as also by looking into the mouth You must make use of such Evacuations Revulsions Derivers Repellers as are prescribed in the ninth Chapter of a Catarrh And you must make use of Gargarisms which restrain and dry Take of Plantane Purslane and Shepheards purse of each one handful Cyprus nuts Pomegranate flowers and Red roses of each one ounce Galls and Allum of each one drachm boile them in a quart of Spring water to the consumption of half strain it out and add to it Bolearmenick a drachm Sirrup of Mulberys and Hony of Roses of each one ounce gargarise the mouth therewith Powders are better which have an astringent and drying property Take the Roots of Bistort flowerdeluce and Tormentil the Flowers of Pomegranates and Red Roses of each half an ounce Burnt Allum and long Pepper of each one scruple make them into fine powder and depressing the tongue blow it upon the Uvula If this doth not perfect the cure the superfluity must be cut off this operation must be performed very warily for if you cut too much it will be prejudicial to the speech if there be an inflammation in the Columella you must extenuate such accidents before you cut it lest a greater inflamation follow or a flux of blood if the Uvula be greater at the bottome then it is at the top then it is fitter and safer to cut If the Uvula be onely inflammed you must make use of such medicines as are prescribed for the cure of the inflammation of the tongue There are other distempers of the throat viz. the inflammation and Ulcers of the Tonsills or Almonds of the throat occasioned by a defluxion of crude Phlegmatick and Viscid humors mixed with blood or by excessive drinking of wine or strong liquors or by a greedy devouring of meat they who are thus afflicted swallow with much difficulty and pain and many times have a Feaver For the cure administer a cooling Clister open the Vein under the tongue and if blood abound open the Cephalick-Vein in the arme use all other convenient revulsions Then make a Cataplasme of Barly meal the Seed of Flax and Fenugreek and the Leaves of Mallows bruised with new Milke sufficient and apply it to the throat Then use astringent Gangarisms you have examples enough in the foregoing Chapters If the inflammation increaseth and the pain be sharp and vehement in the Evening then expect suppuration then you must surther it by gargarising with a decoction made of Hysop Figs and the Seeds of Marsh mallows or with aquamulla When it is perfectly rotten squeez it gently that the matter may run forth or else open it with a sharp instrument and let the Patient hold his head down that the matter may the better run out then wash it again with aquamulsa till it be healed For the cure of the Ulcers of the Tonsils you must observe the same rules prescribed for the cure of the Ulcers of the mouth CHAP. XXV Of the Quinzie ANgina or the Quinzie is a disease of the Jaws and Throat by which breathing and Swallowing are hindred withour defect of the breast and Lungs there are two sorts of Quinzyes Legitimate and Bastard Legitimate Quinzy is accompanied with a feaver and inflammation of the part which Galen and the antient Greekes have divided into four sorts the first they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when the inflammation is in the inward proper Muscles of the Larynx the second they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the outward Muscles of the Larynx are in flammed the third they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the interiour muscles of the pharynx are inflamed the last they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because the exerior muscels of the Jaws are inflamed a Bastard Angina or Quinzy cometh without a feaver The cause of the first is blood either pure or mixed with Choler flegm or melancholly flowing from the head to the jugular veins the cause of the Bastard Angina is caused by much flegme falling into the jugular veins and by its glewinesse obstructing the passage of the spirits or by a Tumor in the Vertebrae of the neck caused by a deflux of cold flegm removing the Vertebrae from its proper seat or causing a luxation thereof by loosening their Nerves and making them slippery between the joynts or lastly this may happen by some fall or stroak or some external cause The Legitimate Quinzy may be known by the difficult swallowing and breathing without fault of the breast or Lungs pain about the Jaws and threat red nesse heat and a feaver their sorts may be distinguished by their proper signes In the first there is great hinderance of respiration the patient is almost strangled cannot breathe except he open his mouth and hold his neck streight In the second there is lesse difficulty of breathing but greater of swallowing especially of drink which flyeth out at the nose In the third there is some red tumor about the Jaws less difiulty of brething then in the first but more then in the second The last doth hinder the breath but little or not at all the outward parts of the neck are red and painfull The bastard Angina may be known by the abundance of flegm and humors flowing to the mouth If it comes by Luxation the motion of the head and neck is hurt and a preternatural cavity appeareth in the neck I shall not need to spend time to shew the signes of every distinct humor predominating reason or other parts of this book will informe you A Legitimate Quinzy is an acute disease and very dangerous for want of freedome in respiration therefore the first is worst and the patient in most danger of strangling the other are more or lesse dangerous as they more or lesse hinder respiration If the matter fall upon the Lungs or the swelling vanish away without critical or artificial Evacuation it is very dangerous and for the most part deadly If the patient foame at the mouth it is a signe of death saith Hippocrates in his 43 Aphorism because it is a signe of streightnesse and violent heat about the heart which squeezeth the moisture out of the Lungs and sendeth it to the mouth in a foame Every Quinzy requireth a hasty and speedy cure for it sometimes killeth in one day read Fernelius Lib 5 pag. 284. Let the physitian open the Cephalick Vein and if the body be naturally plethorick and blood the cause of the disease draw as much as the Patients strength will bear and reiterate Phlebotomy according as necessity requireth give a Glister first or after or both or as often as need requireth you must speedily make use of other revulsions as cupping glasses with scarification to the shoulders vesicatories frictions and ligatures to the lower parts purges must be administred and if you find the case desperate you need not Question the time of the day Trallianus reporteth that he was forced to open a
Pint and an half strain it out and dissolve Sirrup of Jujubes two ounces Sirrup of Violets one ounce make an Emulsion for three doses give it Morning and Evening If his Cough be violent let him alwayes have in his mouth Sugar of Roses Sugar Candy or penids or the Tablets of Diatraganthum Frigidum or with Sirrup of Violets and Jujubes you may make it into the form of an Celegma or Lohock If his spittle be thick and tough adde Oxymel Simplex or the Sirrups of Liquoris or Coltsfoot Let his constant drink be Barly water boile it in Currans Borrage and Bugloss Flowers Hartshorne Maidenhaire Coltsfoot Liquoris and such like give it warm You must not purge in this disease till the declination thereof and then use a gentle potion Many medicines there are proper and special for a Pleurisie as Stone-horse dung or White-hens dung soaked in Carduus water and strained give a quarter of a pint this hath a peircing and discussing quality by reason of the volatile salt in it and doth wonderfully disperse the humors in the Pleurisie An Apple made hollow and a dram of Frankincense put therein and rosted given to the sick drinking three ounces of Carduus Water after it and laid to sweat is good saith Quercetan Goats Blood also is good If the Sick fall into a loosness in the height of this Disease it is very dangerous in the declination it is good but if it so happen give him the Sirrup of Myrtles and do as you are taught in the Cure of Diarrhaea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Or The inflammation of the Lungs is a disease not much different in the causes or signes from a Pleurisie but only in the part affected Sometimes this Peripneumonia commeth alone and sometimes followeth another Disease as the Quinzy or Pleurisit which is a dangerous Symptome on the contrary if a Pleurisie follow the inflammation of the Lungs it is a hopeful Symptome This Disease is more dangerous then a Pleurisie and for the most part deadly by reason of want of respiration and the nearness of the heart The cure is the same with the Pleurisie therefore I shall say no more of it CHAP. XXVIII Of Empyema EMpyema 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or a Collection of matter in the Cavity of the Thorax is a Disease which for the most part followeth a Pleurisie and Peripneumonia and sometimes a Quinzy when they are not carefully cured and the inflammation commeth to Suppuration and when the Imposthume breaketh the matter falleth into the cavity of the breast Sometimes blood falling into the Thorax by the breaking or wounding of a Vein may come to Suppuration or rather Corruption Sometimes flegm falleth from the head and other parts into the breast and there putrifying begetteth matter like quitter The signes of Suppuration beginning according to Hippocrates are these First the Pleurisie being not purged the Feaver increaseth while the matter is turning into Pus Secondly the sharpness of the matter touching the Membranes causeth quaking the Third is weight and sense of heaviness in the part To these we may adde the difficulty of breathing for although when the Imposthume is broken the Diaphragma and the Muscles of the Thorax move more freely yet the Lungs are oppressed by the matter lying about them But an old and confirmed Empyema is known by a lingring putrid and partly Hectick Feaver more violent towards night and much sweating a constant troublesome Cough the Cheeks grow Red the Eyes hollow the legs swell Pustles break out on the breast If the Suppuration break and the Feaver continueth are thirsty want appetite the pus green livid or frothy brought up with much difficulty and a loose belly all these are signes of Death or of long sickness the contrary are the signes of recovery They who in this condition doe lift up the whole breast when they breathe by reason of the matter contained are quickly choaked If the matter be not spit forth in forty dayes it turneth to a Consumption and death followeth The Supuration on both sides is more dangerous then that of one that on the left side the worst by reason of the left Ventricle of the heart If the matter flow plentifully by Stoole and Urine and the Patient strong and hearty it is a signe of recovery For the Cure you must endeavour to help nature in Suppurating the humors if Suppuration cannot be hindred by this or the like Cataplasme Take of Chamomel Melilot and Mallows of each one handful the Roors of Althaea one handful Figs and Raisons stoned of each four ounces after due boiling beat and strain them adding to the Liquor the Oyles of sweet Almonds Lilies and Fresh Butter of each one ounce with the Meal of Wheat Fenugreek and Flax Seed sufficient make a Cataplasm and apply it In the mean time let the Patient take of this Lohock Take of the Conserve of the Flower of Bugless Violets and Roses of each one ounce Maidenhaire Liquorish and Coltsfoot of each one ounce Oyle of Sweet Almonds newly drawn one ounce Sugar Candy one ounce Powder what is to be Powdered and with Sirrup of Liquorish or Colts foot sufficient make a Lohock and let the Patient take thereof often Venice Turpentine washed and with Liquorish powder made up into Pills are good to maturate discuss and cleanse give three drachms in the Morning But if the matter will not be spit up you must open it between the fourth and fifth Rib and apply a Plaister to draw out the matter giving the Patient a Wound-drink in the mean time If you desire particular direction herein read Hieronymus Fabricius ab aqua pendente in Libro de operationibus Chirurgicis CHAP. XXIX Of spitting of Bloud Sputum Sanguinis or spitting of Blood called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is an unnatural Flux of Blood from the vital parts viz. the breast Lungs and Aspera Arteria The Immediate cause is Organical or common the Organical twofold either the opening of the Vessels called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Rarefaction called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The common Disease is twofold also as the breaking of the Vessels called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Erosion of them called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Blood offending in quantity or quality may be the cause of opening rarifying breaking or Corroding of the Vessels To be further satisfyed therein Ipray you have recourse to the nineteenth Chapter of Bleeding at the nose Some external cause as Fall Wound or the like may be the cause of Haemoptysis Immoderate Cold may be the cause by hardening the Tunicles that they cannot be extended It is very difficult to judge of the part from whence it commeth If it comes from the head it is cast forth by Coughing hawking and there is a tickling in the Palat as in a Catarrh That which comes from the breast and Lungs causeth Coughing that which comes from the Lungs is Frothy that which comes from the breast is Blackish
by which heat flegme and other humors good and bad are drawn from the brain which the brain fetcheth from all the body hence comes its decay and extenuation The Patient spetteth thick rotten Flegm and doth sweat at night as soon as he sleepeth A Consumption confirmed is known by these signes the Patient spitteth matter it self the Feaver stronger the Cough more violent with more provocation and lesse Evacuation the Cough is attended with a hollow sounding he ineth and wanteth appetite for the mouth of the stomach is weakened by the Defluxion The belly is loose for the Flegm falling from the head weakeneth the stomach and Bowells and the retentive Faculty is destroyed The Patient breatheth difficult ly for the faculty is weak and the Bronchia stopped with Putrid Matter the haire falleth off the cheeks waxe Blue and his feet swell the nailes of the fingers are crooked because the flesh on the tops of the singers which held them up is decayed Let the Patient spit in a Bason of Faire Water if he spit Matter it sinketh if Flegm it swimmeth Thus have I briefly touched upon the causes and signes of a Consumption a word or two of the Prognostick If the Consumption hath not long continued and the Ulcer but newly begun it may be cured otherwise not for those things which dry the Ulcer doe hinder spitting and encrease the Feaver and maketh the body leaner Those things which are moist good against leannesse and Feavers doe make the Ulcer fouler Those that have narrow and streight breasts and their shoulder blades stick our like wings are inclinable to Consumptions to whom it is natural for want of natural heat If the Consumption came with an acute Disease or the sick fall into an acute Disease it killeth speedily If the Patient spitteth stinking matter or cannot spit at all his belly loose he is very near Death It would take up a great deal more room then I have to spare to set down the cure of a Consumption I mean when it is only begun and the Patient strong I shall only Epitomise it Let the sick drink Milke warm either Asses Goars or Red Cows but above all the Milke of a sound woman is the best Let him use a coole and moist diet and make use of such things which may correct the Blood make a decoction of China Sanders and Guajacum You must purge the humors offending but be sure you make use of such purges as work very gently as Manna Rhubarb Cassia Sirrup of Roses and the like To allay the Feaver it is lawful to let Blood if your Patient be not too lean You must divert the Defluxion have recourse to the ninth Chapter Then you must give such things which have a healing quality to cure the Ulcer of which the Milk spoken of before is very good and if Sugar of Roses be given with it it will be much more available Conserve of Roses is good if it astringe too much and the breath fail and the sick cannot spit make use of Expectorating medicines as the Sirrup of Hysop Coltsfoot or Lohocks the last Chapter will enforme you If hear be procured by the same means give coolers as the Sirrups of Violets and Jujubes the Musilage of Flealand Quinces and the cold seeds The Sirrup of the juice of Ground Ivy is much commended by Quercetan see the fourth Book of Sirrups This Sirrup hath admirable virtues Take of the juice of Grounding Veronica and Carduus Benedictus clarifyed of each eight ounces in which boile of all the sorts of Maidenhaire Scabious and Lettice of each half a handful very gently then dissolve in the Liquor streined a pound an half of White Sugar and boile it to the heighth of a Sirrup adde in the end of the extract of Juniper three drams of the juyce of Liquorish and the Extract of Carduus of each four scruples Let the Patient take a spoonful before every meal and as much when he goeth to bed Forrestus commendeth this powder following Take of White Poppy Seed ten drachms Starch Gum Arabick and Tragacanth of each three drachms Purslane and Mallows Seed of each five drachms the four great Cold Seeds of each six drachms Quince Seeds the like quantity Spodium and juyce of Liquorish of each three drachms the Penids the weight of all the rest make it into fine powder and give two drachms in a morning with the Sirrups of Poppyes or Jujubes or you may give it in Barly Creame Almond Milk or in any other convenient liquor Or this Lohock is very good Take of Lohocke pulmone Vulpis and Sanum et Expertum of each one ounce Conserve of Roses Dimargariton Frigidum and Diapenidion of each half an ounce Manus Christi and Lac Sulphuris of each three drams with the Sirrup of Comfry make a Lohock of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Hazel-nut often and twice as much night and morning The oyle of Vitriol is good to dry the Ulcer if two or three drops be given in a morning with the juyce of Plantane or Rose Water and Sugar saith Claudinas The Balsom of Peru is not without its virtues for the healing of the Ulcers of the Lungs if a drop or two be made into a Pill with Sugar or the Powde of Liquorish and taken every morning so you may take the Balsome of Sulphur Fumigations may be made of Frakincense Mirrh Mastich Benjamin Yellow Sanders Amber Storax and the like and taken in the mouth or nose the roome sented therewith Or you may make a moist Fumigation of such hearbs which are freindly to the Lungs Take of Coltsfoot Hyssop Horehound Alehoofe of each two handfulls bruise them and put them in a Pipkin with a cover close Luted on with water sufficient put it into the Oven when the Bread is half Baked the Bread being Baked draw out the Pipkin and put a funnel into a hole which it must have at the top and draw the fumes into the mouth and put it out at the nose Many other medicines and precepts I might here prescribe which I must omitt for brevityes sake only remember that all the medicines against spitting of Blood are profitable for the Ulcer of the Lungs CHAP. XXXII Of the Palpitation of the heart The Palpitation of the heart is an immoderate and preternatural shaking of the part with a great diastole or vehement Systole which sometimes hath bin so great that the adjoyning ribs have bin displaced sometimes broken and sometimes an Artery hath bin much dilated so saith Fernelius lib. 5. Chap. 12 Pag 292. The Greeks call this Disease 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latines Palpitato Cordis The causes of it may be referred to three heads the first is a molestation of the heart sometimes a troublesome vapor arising from cold and thick humors lodged near the heart especially the Pericardium and conveighed to the Ventricles of the heart or sent from the stomach Spleen womb or the like or caused by the
Plague poison worms putrified or the Mestrues stopped and conveighed as before may be the cause of Palpitation To these adde excesse in quantity or quality of bloody Cholerick or watry humors oppressing the Veins Arteryes or Ventricles of the heart Likewise Inflammation Imposthumation or Tumors happening in the Arteries of the Lungs near the heart or in the Pericardium may be the cause of Palpitation A Second cause is a preternatural heat by which the Spirits are inflamed and the motion of the heart and Arteries is encreased and this sometimes though seldome ariseth from an inward cause often from an outward as anger violent excercise and the like The third cause is the defect of Spirits caused by hunger watching anger joy fear shame or great Diseases or any thing which dissipateth the Spirits which the heart labouring to recover encreaseth its motion and causeth Palpitation The Diagnosis or knowledge of this Disease is easie for it may be felt heard or seen The causes must be distinguished by their proper signes A hot distemper is known by often breathing by a Feaver and heat of the breast and a desire of cold things If wind be the cause it is subject to Variation and raised by a small motion the breath is difficult a mist before the eyes and a noise in the eares c. If the Disease commeth from humors in the heart or Pericardium it comes not suddainly nor goeth away quickly The nature of the humor you may gather from their Symptomes Water in the Peticardium is hard to be known but we may conjecture it by the weaknesse of the Pulse the heart seems to be almost suffocated in water If Malignant and Pestilent humors cause it the Patient fainteth a losse of the pulse and strength c. If it come by consent from other parts their proper signes declare it If a Tumor be the cause the motion of the heart is different from the natural and the pulse is various if the Tumor be in the pericardium and hard the disease is constant and the Patient decays without manifest cause To the Prognostick I say it is a dangerous Symptome because the motion of the heart by which life is preserved is hindered and Galen saith that they who are thus affected in youth or middle age live not to be old because the Vitalls are weak in them Alpho 41 de loco aff Sect 2 et 5 Chap. 2. If it come from a Tumor it is incurable if it be peculiar to the heart or pericardium it is incurable If it come by consent from other parts the cure must be sought out of their proper Chapters but seeing not only the cause ought to be removed but also the Symptomes asswaged by refreshing the heart you must administer Cordial medicines which have power to strengthen the heart If a hot distemper vex the heart Take of the Conserve of Violets Water-lillys Borrage or Buglosse flowers of each one ounce Diamargariton frigidum Diarrhodon Abbatis of each two drachms Red Sanders Coral and Camphire of each a drachm with the Sirrups of Coral Balme or Citron peels make an Opiate of which let him take often If cold humors cause the Palpitation Take of the Conserve of Roses and Rosemary flowers of each one ounce Aromaticum Rosarum Dianthus and Diambra of each one drachm Cinamon Cloves and Mace of each half a drachm Confection of Alchermes two scruples Amber Muske and Saffron of each one scruple with Sirrup of Clove-Gilly-flowers make an Opiat and give it as before With these and the like ingredients the Ingenious may form medicines of all sorts whether the disease be hot or cold likewise may Liniments Unguents Epithemas and Sacculibe prepared and applyed to the Region of the heart to strengthen and abate the hot or cold distempers thereof If an humor gathered near the heart cause the Palpitation extenuating medicines must be mixed with your Cordialls and if nothing prohibite open the inner Vein of the arme called Basilica if that appear not open the middle Vein which course Galen commendeth also if you see occasion administer purging and Carminative Clisters CHAP. XXXIII Of Swooning or Syncope 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Swooning is a sudden and swift failing of all strength for all parts having a continual necessary influence upon the heart and vital spirits when they fail all the rest must suffer This Disease is distinguished from the Epilepsy which hath a Convulsion and this not from an Apoplexy in which the breath is much stopped and the pulse not much abated till near death but here the pulse faileth and the breath is free In Fits of the Mother the breath is most obstructed the pulse not much altered nor the colour of the face except it be higher the contrary happeneth in a Syncope The immediate cause of this Disease is the defect of the Vital Spirits in which nature is constrained lest the heart should totally fail to fetch the spirits from other parts to the heart by which means they lose their functions This defect happeneth four ways principally First they are naturally few by fault in the faculty making of the Vital Spirits or the matter which fault commeth by diseases proper to the heart or by consent from other parts Proper to the heart are too much constriction dilation and Solutions happening to the Ventricles of the heart or such as destroy the natural temper as Sharp Malignant Fainting Pestilential and Hectick Feavers and the like The faculty may be hurt by diseases in those parts which have a Sympathy with the heart as the Brain Liver Stomach and Womb. The matter is faulty when the Aire or Blood by which the Vital spirits are generated is defective or corrupted The aire is defective when respiration and transpiration is hindered But the hinderance of nutrition causeth a defect of the Blood They are both corrupted when their qualityes are changed Secondly this Disease is caused when the Spirits are dissipated and spent by too great evacuations which may be done sensibly or insensibly Sensibly by inordinate Phlebotomy Bleeding of wounds or at the Mouth Nose Womb Belly or Hemorrhoids or an extraordinary discharging of other excrementitious humours by Vomit Stool Urine or Sweat the breaking of an inward Impostume or by Empyema or by tapping the Nave lin the Dropsy Insensible evacuations are caused by sharp or thin humours which rarifie the skin or the immoderate heat of Bathes or Hot-Houses To these add long Watchings Fastings Lechery Anger Joy long continuing and violent pain or sickness c. may cause a dissipation of the spirits Thirdly this disease is caused by things which alter and corrupt the Spirits as venemous and pestilential aire and stincks or an evill disposition of the Bowels and other parts in a word all things which are averse to the heart may corrupt the spirits Or Lastly the spirits may be suffocated or destroyed which may come to pass by a vehement returning of Blood and Spirits to the Heart as also corrupt
vapours cold and thick blood and other humours gathered about the Heart or the adjacent parts These signes shew a Syncope viz. a sudden failing of strength a slow pulse sometimes stopping a pale and blewish Face the body externally cold a cold Sweat especially on the Temples Neck and Breast The signes of the Causes for the most part are manifest as the sorts of Feavers and the external Causes but now named may be easily known A sharp Nose hollow Eyes the Temples fallen are signes of thin Humours gnawing of the Stomach pricking heat and great pain do shew that the Body is troubled with Choler Abundance of crude Humours is known by the enlarging of the Body swelling of the Breast the colour pale and the pulse smal unequal and obscure If swoonding come by consent from other parts the Signes of those parts affected will discover it They who often and violently faint without manifest Cause dy suddenly saith Hippocrates A Syncope which cometh from some evident Cause as Fear Sorrow or immoderate Evacuations is lesse dangerous then that which cometh from an internal Cause In respect of various Causes you must vary the Cure If it come from immoderate Evacuations you must endeavour to stop it with their proper Medicines prescribed in their several Chapters If from too violent purging give three graines of Laudanum or two of Opium If by too much sweating you must use Medicines which restrain Sweat If from suffocation of the Spirits call them back by Frictions Ligatures and Cupping If it come from Poyson taken give somthing to expell it after Vomiting with Oyl give Treacle if it burn in the guts give Milk fat Broth or cooling Cordials If thinness of the Humours cause it give things that are sweet and thickning If want of Food cause a Syncope make use of a restoring Diet and nourishing Broths To conclude From what Cause soever it come in the Fit lay your Patient upon his back throw cold water into his Face make him sneez put Aqua-vitae Caelestis or Imperiales into his Mouth call him loud stop his Nostrils wring his Fingers pull his Haire rub bind and Cup if need be CHAP. XXXIIII Of want of Appetite As there are divers actions of the Stomach so there are divers diseases hindring those actions See the fifth Chap. of the first Book And seeing that the attractive faculty is the first in order I shall begin with the want of Attraction or Appetite It is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Inappetentia In English Want of Appetite or Loathing of Meat That we may rightly judge of the Causes of this Disease let us consider the Natural Causes of Appetite and Hunger by which we may the better discover the fault or hinderance The first cause of Hunger is emptinesse of the Stomach if there be no emptinesse there is no Attraction nor Appetite Want of emptinesse is when the parts are filled with plenty of crude Humours caused by Gluttony or Drunkenness want of Excercise or usual Evacuations Weakness of the Natural Heat or a Feaver when the Heat is busied to concoct the matter of the Disease or the like The Second cause of Appetite is the attraction of Nourishment to the Stomach sometimes this is depraved though the parts are empty when the Veins have left their strength by Sickness or immoderate Evacuations The third cause of Appetite is the Attraction of the Chilus from the Stomach to the Liver by the Meseraick Veins which cannot be performed if those Veins are obstructed the Chilus sent out by Siege and the parts dâ—…prived of their necessary Nourishment Fourthly the faculty of attracting an Appetite requireth a good disposition of the stomach brain and Nerves consequently what ever altereth their dispositions destroyeth apperite great heat and drieth dispersing the moist substance of the stomach doth cause a want of appetite The like doth cold which causeth a Stupefaction of the parts and extinguisheth the natural heat Flegmy and Slimy-humors gathered in the stomach by evil concoction or by a defluxion from the head the suppression of the Termes or Hemorrhoids smoothereth the natural heat and causeth want of attraction Distempers of the Brain and Nerves maketh a man insensible of the attracting in the stomach The signe of the first cause is known by high feeding repletion want of evacuation the body is full and the Veins Swoln and the like The second cause is evident by sicknesse or immoderate evacuations The third is known by obstruction of the Liver Spleen or Mesentery The fourth cause is thus known If there be a great heat in the stomach drynesse bitternesse of the congue and Jaws and a Feaver with heart-burning and the like All which signifie a hot distemper of the stomach if it flow from some other parts the signes of Inflammation of the Liver and other parts will demonstrate it A cold distemper and much flegm is known by coldnesse of the stomach great heavinesse and sharp belchings Prog want of appetite is dangerous for it is a digression from the natural estate Loathing of meat for want of natural heat is farr more dangerous then when it is caused by abundance of evil humors In children want of appetite is worse then in men because their natures require more nourishment In all diseases want of Appetite is an evill Symptome If a man recovering wanteth Appetite there is fear of a Relapse If want of Appetite come from a Disease of some other part I referr you thither for the Cure but if it be onely in the Stomach you must consider it as either Hot or Cold. If a hot Humour be the cause purge Choler gently and often if your Patient be easy to vomit give an easy Vomit Alter the Humours with cooling Sirrups and Juleps mixing therewith the Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur for all sharp things allay Choler and provoke an Appetite After Purging Marmalade of Quinces is good or take this following Opiate Take of Conserve of Wormwood and Sorrel of each one Ounce Conserve of Roses Succory and Buglosse of each halfe an Ounce Diamargariton frigidum and Diarrhodon Abbatis of each one Drachm Troches of Spodium one Scruple with Sirrup of Lemmons make an Opiate of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Chesnut Morning Night and Noon To the Stomach apply a Rose Cake steeped in Vinegar Or anoint the Stomach outwardly with this Liniment Take of Oyle of Roses Martles and Quinces washed with Vinegar of Roses of eath two Ounces all the Sanders red Corall Coriander seed prepared and red Roses of each one Drachm the graines of Kermes and Spodium of each half a Drachm White Wax as much as is sufficient to make a Liniment and anoint the Stomach often therewith If a cold Distemper of the Stomach draw crude flegmatick and inelancholy Humours thither from other parts you must amend the Distempers of those parts with Medicines laid down in their proper Chapters Then you must evacuate the
the Cure in their proper Chapters If Women with Child are thus affected be sparing in giving Medicines for fear of Miscarriage for the most part they are freed of it in the fourth Moneth If the Green-sickness in Maids be the Cause of this Effect seek the Cure in the Chapter of the Green-sickness CHAP. XXXVI Of the Thirsty Disease This Disease is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sitis Morbosa The immediate Cause is Want of moist Nourishment Drinesse of the Stomach and other parts which maketh the Stomach sensible of their wants It is caused by those things which have a Power to consume and dry up the Moisture of the Stomach and whole Body It is caused also by Propriety or Sympathy by Propriety when the Moisture of the Stomach is altered or drawne forth by a hot dry salt sharp or filthy Humour contained in his Cavity By Sympathy when the whole Body or some particular Member having lost its Moisture doth suck Moisture from the Stomach For the Veins having lost their Moisture endeavour to recruite themselves with the Stomach's moisture as it happeneth in Feavers Inflammations of the Liver Lungs and a hot and dry Distemper of the Reins causeth Diabetes or a continual Pissing and is accompanied with great Thirst and therefore is called Dipsacus The outward causes also are all such things as heat and dry the use of salt sharp and spiced Meats Excess of old rich Wine Watchings or immoderate Evacuations The Sons of Hermes conclude that praeternatural Thirst is caused by thirsty Spirits bred of sulphureous Excrements whose Thirst cannot be satisfied with ordinary cooling Medicines unlesse the sharp spirits of Vitriol Sulphur or Salt be added to them The Knowledge of the Disease is easy of the Cause and the Part affected not difficult Of the Disease the Patients Complaint for want of Drink will inform you Likewise the Cause may be distinguished by the Tasts which are hot dry salt bitter sharp and the like Lastly the Tasts do not onely distinguish the peccant Humour but also that the part affected is the Mouth of the Stomach but if Thirst come by consent from other parts the Signes of those Diseases will be manifest The Thirst which comes from external Causes is easily quenched with Drink that which comes from internal Causes are more or lesse dangerous according to their differences Thirst accompanying Feavers ends with them and their Cures shall be set down in their proper places Thirst in a Dropsy is not allayed but rather encreased by Drink and is most dangerous If it be caused by immoderate Evacuations Suppress the Evacuations and restore the Empty Parts with cooling and moistning Medicines such as are prescribed in the Cure of the Feaver Hectick and Marasmus CHAP. XXXVII Of evill Digestion The Concoction of the Stomach is hurt three wayes viz. it may be diminished depraved or abolished Concoction diminished is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 depraved 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 abolished 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The fault of Concoction is either in the Organ Object External or Internal things The fault in the Organ comprehendeth all Diseases in the Stomach For since digestion is made in the Stomack by a moderate natural Heat if it want its Moderation the digestive Faculty is hurt A cold Distemper of the Stomach if it be gentle diminisheth the Heat and weakneth Concoction If it be greater it abolisheth it A hot distemper in the Stomach depraveth the Faculty and causeth difficult Concoction Though these Distempers are somtimes simple yet many times they are joyned with Matter as Phlegm and black Humours caused by Hypocondriack Melancholy which cause Crudities sowr Belchings Rumblings Winds and the like The fault of the Object is thus considered when the Nourishment which is the proper Object of the Stomach offendeth in Substance Quantity Quality or Time Nourishment offendeth the Stomach in Substance when it is too hard and difficult to be concocted In Quantity it offendeth the Stomach when either too much is taken at once that the natural Heat cannot digest it but some part of it remaineth Crude Lesse taken then Nature requireth becometh Crude also when it is dryed or burnt in a Cholerick Stomach In Quality Food offendeth when it is either too hot or dry or too cold moist and windy for the Stomach In respect of Time Nourishment may offend the Stomach If a Man contrary to his order in Diet doth eat liberally a little before he goeth to Bed this may hurt concoction External or internal Meanes may hurt the concoctive Faculty Namely an Aire too hot may dissipate the natural Heat an Aire too cold may dull it Immoderate Excercise especially after Meat draweth the Heat from the Stomach to the External parts and drives the imperfect Chylus into the Guts and so weakens Concoction Costiveness of the Belly or a Flux immoderate Watching or sleep in the day time deep Study upon a full Stomach Sadness and other Passions of the Mind do hinder the Actions of the Stomach The Hermetick Physitians add another Cause for they say and not without reason that a sharp Liquor sent from the Spleen to the Stomach which hath a great power to dissolve in its Natural State causeth a laudable Concoction that concoction is not made by Heat onely For Meat boyled in a Pot with a strong Heat many dayes is not dissolved and Bones in a Doggs Stomach are quickly dissolved Likewise Fishes do quickly dissolve their Meat though they have no actuall Heat Birds do quickly concoct the hardest Seeds and small pebble Stones and they have a Spleen round about their Maw and that there is a dissolving Spirit inhaerent in the Gizzards of Birds the Physical practice doth prove being often used in Medicines to help Concoction dissolve the Stone and the like The Signes of a diminished or abolished Concoction is the same differing onely in Degrees viz. sowr Belchngs Vomiting or Purging forth of Food either not well or not at all concocted Weight Extension and Inflammation of the Stomach the Patient sensible of some cold Cause going before and is worse by taking of cold things the Urine thin pale like Water and sometimes thick and red If the concoctive Faculty be depraved the Patient is sensible of stinking Belchings and the like Tast in the Mouth of Heat and Thirst and is prejudiced by Hot things If it come from external Causes the Patient or some about him will be able to demonstrate it if it come by consent from other Parts their Signes must be considered Concoction hurt by consent from other Parts is easier cured then that which is proper to the Stomach onely that which cometh from external Causes is cured easiest of all Concoction diminished though it be not the worst yet it bringeth many inconveniencies as the Chollick Chachexy and somtimes the Dropsy Concoction abolished is worst because all Parts are frustrated of their Nourishment and deadly Diseases follow as the Lientery Dropsy Atrophy
Patient be weak and indisposed to Vomits give often Clisters or purge the Body with this or the like Pills Take de Aloe lota three Drachms yellow Myrabolans and Rubarb in Powder of each half a Drachm red Sanders and prepared Coral of each one Scruple with the Sirrup of Roses solutive make them into a Mass give a Drachm every other or third day and if the Sick be weak give but half so much If the Vomiting be violent give two Scruples and an half of Cochie the lesse with three grains of Laudanum in the morning Then you must strengthen the Stomach with the sirrup or conserve of Quinces conserve of Roses Mastick in a small quantity sirrup of Mints Plantane water made sowr with Oyl of Vitriol c. All these strengthen the Stomach and stay Vomiting of which you may make Medicines in divers forms Foment the Stomach with a sponge dipt in Plantane water Rose water and Rose Vinegar But First boil in the water a handful of Mints Or apply this following Cataplasm Take of Marmalade of Quinces or Quinces boiled soft in Rose water or Vinegar four Ounces the roots of Bâ—stort and Tormentill of each two Drachms Mastick Moce and Nutmegs of each two Scruples Sowr Leaven halfe a pound with the juice of Mints and Vinegar make a Cataplasm and apply it If your Patient vomit Blood the Causes and Sâ—gnes you may find in the 19 and 30 Chap. and the Medicines prescribed in the 30 Chap. Of Spitting of Blood ordered by an able Head-peece may perform the Cure CHAP. XL. Of Cholera 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek and Cholerica Passio in Latine is a Disease violently sending forth by Vomit Stool sharp and cholerick Humours this Disease is a symptom of the expulsive Faculty being hurt by Meats not well concocted and if the retentive Faculty be also in fault the Disease is the worse and more violent Some will have two sorts of Choller a moist and a dry A moist is that which hath relation to what hath been said The dry is more rare and cometh from a windy spirit produced in the Stomach by the fiery Heat of the Part corrupting the Meat or by Meats which are Rank and Windy and this is the opinion of Hippocrates himself Sennertus from the Hermetical doctrine addeth another Cause viz. Salt and adust Humours in the Hypochonaria which grow hot by the mixture of another Humour and demonstrateth it by the mixing of Aqua fortis and Oyl of Vitriol with Salt of Tartar which produce very flatuous Spirits So that the immediate Causes of this Disease are cholerick burnt sharp salt or rotten Humours in the Stomach Bowels Spleen Mesentery or some Nourishment of an evil Quality or some strong Medicine or Poyson taken The signes of this Disease are often and plentiful Evacuations of cholerick sharp and corrupted Humours by Vomit and Stool swelling with Wind Thirst and a Gnawing of the Stomach and Guts a Loathing which is appeased a little with cold Drink which is soon after cast up The Pulse is small and unequal Sweating with Convulsion of extream Parts Swooning and such dangerous Symptoms It is easily discovered whether the Cause come by some violent Medicine Poyson or offensive Diet. The internal Causes are known by the Quality of the Humours that are ejected If there be a continual Loathing and Gnawing the Disease is in the Stomach If a malignant Feaver be joyned it is in the Veins If it hath its original from some evil Food there is hopes that when the Matter is cast forth the Disease will end If it be very violent it is dangerous I had almost said desperate for the greater the Convulsions Swoonings and Coldnesse of the extream Parts be the nearer is Death at hand In the beginning of the Cure you may help forward Evacuations with gentle cooling and cleansing Clisters thus Take of Milk half a pint Sirrup of Violets and Lettice of each one ounce The Oyles of Roses and water Lillyes of each halfe an ounce The yelks of two new laid Eggs well beaten mix them and give it Or you make a Clister with Chicken Broth or Oxycrate It is good to open a Vein by which means the burnt and boiling Blood may be cooled revelled and asswaged but do it with discretion twice or thrice if the strength be not impaired by the first You must endeavour to qualify the sharpness of the Humours thus Take of the waters of Plantane Purslan and Mint of each two Ounces Sirrup of Quinces and dried Roses of each one Ounce Sirrup of Vinegar half an Ounce mix them and dissolve therein two Scruples of Theriack Andromachi and six drops of the Oyl of Vitriol give now and then a Spoonful But if the Patient hath someease and the Symptomes abate or appear not beware lest they suddenly return and destroy the Patient as it sometimes happeneth in this case Therefore nourish him and strengthen his Stomach with this restoring Opiate Take of the Gelly of Harts-horn made with Canary Wine four Ounces of the Conserves of Roses Burrage Bugloss and Clove-Gilliflowers of each one Ounce Confectio Alchermes half an Ounce Citron Barks and Nutmegs candied of each three Drachms the Essence of Cloves Mace Nutmegs and Cinnamon of each three drops with the Sirrup of Clove-Gilliflowers make an Opiate of which let the Patient take often the Quantity of a hazel Nut and more Mornings and Evenings To conclude the Medicines prescribed in the last Chapter against cholerick Vomitings may be useful here CHAP. XLI Of Pain in the Stomach Dolor Ventriculi or Pain in the Stomach is caused by naughty venemous and gnawing Humours contained therein the Ancients made this distinction viz. that if the upper Orifice of the Stomach which is of exquisite sense by reason of the great Nerve which it hath from the fifth Conjugation be affected the Pain is very sharp which maketh the Heart the most Noble part and near unto it sensible of the same from thence it is called Cardialgia But if the Membranes of the Cavity or lower Orifice called Pyloras be affected it is called Dolor Ventriculi or Colica Ventriculi especially if it comes of Wind. The Cause of this Disease is either Worms gnawing the Tunicles of the Stomach or Wind lodged in the Cavity of the Stomach which causeth Swelling and painful Distension or sharp and malignant Humours therein contained as salt Phlegm green and black Choller whose sharp Vapours cause Pain corrupt Matter from an Imposthume of the Liver or the Breast Diseases of the Stomach and the Parts adjoyning evil Humours from the whole Body in Feavers Choller from the Liver Melancholy from the Spleen and salt Phlegm from the Head all these may be the Causes of this Evill The external Causes may be evil and corrupt Nourishment or Meats that are too hot that breed Wind or Choller Meat taken in too great a Quantity Poyson strong sharp and deadly Medicines not well corrected Diagnostick Signes are thus taken
when the Pain is under the Ensiformis it shews that the upper Orifice of the Stomach is affected a very sharp Pain that the Patient cannot rest and sometimes fainteth the Vapours sometimes offend the Brain and cause inveterate Head-Ach the Megrim Vertigo and Epilepsy In the other parts of the Stomach there are not so violent Symptomes but great Paines like the Chollick Thus you may know the Causes The Humours offending may be known by the Excrements avoided at the Belly or Mouth also Choller Phlegm Wind or Worms may be knowne by their proper Signes The Diseases of the Stomach or parts adjoyning causing this Disease may be known by their proper Signes Prog This Disease is more dangerous then any other Disease of the Stomach The danger is greater if a Feaver accompany it if the extream Parts be cold Death is at hand thus saith Hippocrates It is least dangerous if it proceed from Worms yet sometimes dangerous Symptoms appear and the Patient dyes sometimes if the cause of Wind cannot be removed a dry Dropsy followeth If it come from other Parts there begin your Cure if it be in the Stomach properly consider the peccant Humour If Wind be the Cause first administer a Clister Take of Camomil Penny-royall Miats and Pellitory of the Wall of each one handful the Seeds of Annise Fennel Cummin and Dill of each two Drachms make a Decoction in white Wine Posset Drink add Benedicta Laxativa half an Ounce the Oyls of Dill Rue and Chamomil of each half an Ounce the Chymical Oyl of Juniper Berries ten Drops make a Clister and give it or the like as often as need requireth Make a Fomentation with the Herbs and Seeds aforesaid or with others of the like Nature then anoint the Stomach with the Oyls of Sage and Cloves Chymical Oyl of Dill Camomil Rue and the like Then administer this or the like Julep which hath power to asswage Pain discusse Wind and strengthen the Stomach Take of Wormwood Pennyvoyall Century the lesse and Agrimony of each one handful the Flowers of Camomill and Juniper Berryes of each one Ounce the Seeds of sweet Fennel and Anise of each two Drachms Boil them in a Quart of white wine to the consumption of half sweeten it with the compound Sirrups of Wormwood and Betony of each two Ounces Let the Patient take a spoonful of this often and six spoonfuls Night and Morning this have I often proved with good successe let the Cause be what it will If the Disease be yet too stubborn to yeeld to ordinary Medicines make a Bath of mollifying Herbs and let the Patient sit in it giving inward discussing Medicines In vehement Pain some do give a Purge and mix Narcoticks with it to allay the Pain and this following is much commended by Forestus Take of Diaphenicon half an Ounce Philonium Romanum two Scruples with Camomil water in want thereof the Decoction make a Potion If Choller cause pain purge it administer Juleps cooling and thickning Foment the Stomach and apply a Cataplasm made of mollifying cooling and discussing Herbs and Seeds CHAP. XLII Of the Inflammation Ulcer and Imposthume of the Stomach The Inflammation of the Stomach is a Tumor comming of Blood sent into the Stomach and its Membranes from the Vena Porta by the small Veins which Blood is either pure and maketh a proper Phlegm or mixed with Choller and maketh an Erisipelatous or with Phlegm making an Oedmatous or with Melancholy making a Schirrous Tumor In a word all things that may inflame the Blood may be the Cause of this Tumor Diagnostick Signes are great Pain burning pricking distending beating even to the Back you may see or feel the Tumor belching and sometimes vomiting of Blood and the Breath is ferched difficultly and a burning Feaver If it be onely of Blood it is somwhat gentler but if it be with Choller there are grievcus Symptoms But be carefull to distinguish this Inflammation from that of the upper side of the Liver see the Chap. of the Inflammation of the Liver This Disease for the most part is deadly If the Inflammation be in the upper part of the Stomach or over the whole or much loathing of the Stomach or rumbling in the Belly all these are deadly Symptoms If the Inflammation kill not and the Feaver and Pain ceaseth and the Tumor remain then it turns to an Imposthume which being broken there remaineth an Ulcer which is known by voiding of Matter by Vomit and Stool But an Ulcer may be bred in the Stomach from other Causes as sharp salt cholerick Humours bred in the Stomach or sent thither from other parts the breach of a Vein which could not grow together again a Wound not well cured Poyson or corroding Medicines taken The Signes of an Ulcer bred in the Stomach are the same with the former to which I add these a constant lingring Feaver stinking Belching no Appetite a pricking Pain and Burning when any thing is taken which is hot cold sharp salt or sowr This Disease for the most part is deadly because Cleansers encrease Pain and Dryers cannot execute their Office but are hindred by Meat Drink and Chylus The Cure of theso Diseases must be diversly considered Purging is altogether prohibited lest more Humours be gathered to the Stomach but give an emollient and cooling Clyster every day such an one as is prescribed in the last Chap you must let Blood in both Arms as much as strength will bear bleed the Haemorrhoids if you see Occasion cup and scarify the Shoulders Back and Buttocks rub and bind the extream Parts and heat them with the Oyl of Spike or Flowerdeluce and the like You must give Medicines which are altering and strengthning and with them mix such which have power to dissolve This Julep is good Take of Barley water well clarified two Ounces Fennel and Purslane water of each one Ounce the Sirrups of Water Lillies and Violets of each one Ounce the Sirrup of Poppy half an Ounce Diamarganiton frigidum a Drachm mix them and make a Julep for three Doses give it Morning Noon or Night Foment the Stomach with â—he Decoction of cooling and mollisying Heâ—… Roots and Flowers and afterwards anoint it with Oyl of Roses Violets and the like Some commend Turpentine washed in Wormwood water given in Pills three or four times which will quickly dissolve or maturate the Imposthume If you find that the Imposthume tend to Suppuration apply this Cataplasm Take of the Roots of common and March Mallows of each one Ounce Camomill two handfuls red Rose leaves a handfull boil them well together and then beat them in a stone Morter then add of the Meal of Barley Flax seed and Fenugreek of each one Ounce with Hen's Grease and Oyl of Roses and Camomill alike QUantity sufficient to make a Cataplasm which must be applyed and often removed When the Imposthume is broken cleanse the Ulcer with new Milk and Sugar or Hydromell or Take of Barley water 3.
Ounces Sugar of Roses and the Oyl of sweet Almonds of each one Ounce make a Julep and give it The drinking of Mineral Waters is good Before you endeavour to heal it you must endeavour to cleanse the Stomach as well as the Ulcer Take of Cassia one Ounce Powder of Rubarb one Scruple dissolve it in Whey and drink it you may with this or the like Purgers which attract not the Humours to the part cleanse the Stomach as often as Necessity requireth Then fement the Stomach with the Decoction of Comphry roots Quinces Wormwood Roses Pomegranate flowers and peels Myrtles Galls Frankincense Mastick and the like then apply astringent Unguents and Emplaisters to the Stomach and inwardly give Medicines of the same Nature Take of the Conserve of Roses and Comphrey roots and of Marmalad of Quinces of each one Ounce Bolearmenick Sanguis Draconis Terra Sigillata of each one Drachm Gum Arabick Red Corall and Blood stone of each half a Drachm Hypocistis Sarcocol and Frankincense of each one Scruple with Sirrup of Comphrey make an Opiate a little of which let the Patient take often if his Stomach loath the often use of one Medicine let Troches be made of the Powders and the Musilage of gum Traganth or into any other form How to make Troches see the fourth Book Give him for his Food in the mean time Chicken Broth and boil therein astringent Herbs fresh Barley and China Root CHAP. XLIII Of the Chollick The attractive and digestive Facultyes are not only hurt but the expulsive Faculty which chiefly respects the Intestines may also be defective and cause many distempers in the Body the first of which is the Chollick This Disease took its Name from the Part affected which is the Gut called by the Greek Colon and the Disease 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is caused by excrementitious Matter retained too long and by distending pricking or corroding causeth grievous pain Sometimes it is caused through Crudities bred by a cold Distemper of the Stomach and Intestines which causeth Wind to afflict the Guts being obstructed especially the Gut Coion sometimes cold grosse and phlegmatick Humours sticking to the Tunicles or Coats of the Guts cause constriction and divulsion and a gnawing pain also salt and sharp cholerick and melancholy sowr Humours by pricking and twitching the Cuts cause Pain Here note that if Wind or Humours remain onely in the Cavity of the Guts they might be easily excluded by evacuating cleansing and curminative Medicines but being for the most part fixed to the Coats of the Guts they are not expelled without difficulty There are other lesse usual Causes of the Chollick viz. Tumors in the adjoyning parts causing compression of the Guts Tumors and Inflammations in the Intestines causing Narrownesse Knots of Worms or Stones bred in the Guts which stop them sometimes a poysonous and malignant Matter engendreth a pestilent Chollick or Plague in the Guts The External causes are either a cold Aire which doth constringe the Belly or an Air too hot indurating the Excrements Raw Fruit Meats grosse and of hard Digestion in a Word every thing which disturbeth the concoction of the Stomach may here be taken for an External cause Diagnostick Signes are a very sharp pain sometimes moveable sometimes in the Region of the Stomach Liver Spleen Reins sometimes above and sometimes beneath the Nayel oftentimes in the left side so that by comparison of other Signes you must distinguish between this and the Spleen and Stone The Pain is like the Boaring of an Auger he vomiteth chole rick and phlegmatick Matter if the Stomach consenteth The pain is greater after Meat the Belly for the most part is bound that the Patient cannot so much as break Wind when he voideth Excrements they are windy like Cow dung with Water on the Top. The causes are also distinguished by their Signes If Phlegm be the cause the pain is not so violent the Sick hath used a phlegmatick Diet but if Wind be joyned with it the part seemeth as if it were boared through with a Wimble the Urine is crude and white yet sometimes the violent Pain enflameth the Spirits and the Urine appeareth yellow or red He is better for hot and the worse for cold things If cholerick Humours cause the Chollick there is a violent pulling and pricking Pain the Urine is cholerick a Diet breeding Choller went before he is the worse for hot Medicines there is great Heat Thirst and sometimes a Feaver If the Chollick proceed from Wind there is a stretching Pain and the Belly swelleth and the Wind rumbleth therein he findeth ease when he breaketh it If the Wind be in the Cavity the Pain is moveable and encreaseth and decreaseth If in the Coats of the Guts the Pain is fixed in respect of place and constant Prognostick signes are It the Chollick be gentle moveable and the Belly soluble it is easily cured on the contrary if the Pain be great and fixed the Belly bound the Patient wanteth Sleep vomiteth and is troubled with cold Sweats Hiccoughs Doting and Coldnesse of the extream parts it is alwayes dangerous and for the most part deadly An Epidemical and pestilent Chollick is very dâ—…ous If it come of sharp chollerick Humours â—…generateth sometimes into other worse Diseases as the Palsy Falling-Sicknesse and the Gout You must vary the Cure according to the diversity of Causes if Phlegm and Wind be the cause you must administer an emollient discussing and carminative Clister See Chap. 41 Of Pain in the Stomath three or four times in a day Or make a Decoction of emollient and carminative Herbs and boil therein three Drachms of Colloquintida If two or three Clisters provoke not to Stool make use of this Suppository Take of Hony sodden half an Ounce Hiera piera one Drachm Diacolo-Cynthidos one Scruple Salt Gemm half a Scruple mix them and make a Suppository It is not amisse if after all this you purge the noxious Humours mixing with your purge Narcoticks See Forrestus his Medicine prescribed in the aforenamed Chap. Or give an Ounce and an half of Manna of Oyl of Sweet Almonds newly drawn two Ounces give it in Broth. Then you must foment bathe or anoint the Belly See the aforesaid 41 Chap. The Bowels of a Wolf pulverized and the white Dung of the same is much commended if the Patient take a Drachm in white Wine The Electuary of Bay berries taken as much as a Nutmeg often easeth Pain This Medicine I have used with good Successe Take of Pellitory of the Wall Mints Parslypearch of each one handfull the Roots of Fennel Parsley Marshmallows and Butchers Broom of each half a handfull Juniper Berries one Ounce the Seeds of Aunis sweet Fennel and Cummis of each half an Ounce Bay berries three Drachms bruize slice and powder them Infuse them in white wine twenty four houres and distill it in Balneo after sufficient Evacuations give one Ounce Galen much commendeth the Application of a Cupping-glasse to the Navil
afterwards apply a Plaister of Tacamahacha Also the Decoction of Guajacum given for many dayes is good and afterwards purge Phlegm if there be occasion The cholerick Chollick is cured also by giving of emollient Clisters and such as temper the Acrimony of the Humours as the Decoction of Camomil Violet leaves Endive the Seeds of Faenugreek Linseed Hens-grease Goose-grease Oyl of Roses Cessia and the like Foment the Belly with an emollient and cooling Decoction and aroint it with a Cataplasm made with the Meal of Linseed Faenugreek and Barley boiled in Oyl of Camomil and Roses Cool the Liver outwardly by Epithems and inwardly by Juleps made of Poppy Lettice Succory Endive Sorrel Violets and the like forget not to add a little spirit of Vitriol to your Juleps If the pain be violent use Narcoticks afterwards purge the Humour with such Medicines which purge gently or strongly according to the strength of your Patient and the Degree of his Distemper CHAP. LXIIII. Of the Iliack Passion This Disease is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Iliaca Passio in Englsh the Iliack Passion from the Gut Ilion which is chiefly affected in this Disease But because the other Guts are capable of the same it is rather derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to be rowled or girt about and therefore the Latines call it Volvulus or Convolvulus It is a praeposterous motion of the Intestines the Guts are obstructed nothing passeth downward sometimes the Excrements are brought up into the Stomach and issue out at the Mouth The Intestines have a natural Motion downwards which is compared to the Motion of Earth-Worms which move the parts of their Bodyes succesfully by which they carry the Faeces and Excrements downwards The expulsive Faculty of the Guts is sometimes too vehemently stirred up the Passage being obstructed that by a violent motion the Excrementitious Matter is cast upwards so that not onely the Chylus and Excrements but also Clisters and Suppositoryes are violently snatched up and vomited Any thing which causeth the obstruction of the Guts as hard Dung long retained grosse Vapours Inflammations Tumours or the like may be the Cause of this Disease Sometimes an Ulcer in the Guts may be the Cause when the Excrements touch the part ulcerated it pricketh it so that the Faculty is provoked not to let so noxious a thing passe but driveth it upwards the other Guts by Sympathy assisting forceth it into the Stomach which also by a Peristatick inverted Motion casteth it out by Vomit The Diagnosticks of this Disease are partly common to those of the Chollick and partly proper or peculiar to it self Common Signes are the Belly bound and puffed up Pain in the Abdomen loathing vomiting difficulty of Breathing and Pissing want of Rest The peculiar Signes are a violent Pain great Distension a hard Tumor in the Hypogastrium nothing voided downwards an irregular vomiting of Choller Phlegm and Chylus at last the Excrements are vomited up The Signes of the causes are thus gathered If Inflammation of the parts cause the Disease it quickly cometh to the height an intense Feaver with vomiting as aforesaid If hard Dung in the Bowels be the Cause there went before Constriction of the Belly it is of longer Continuance the Pain not so violent at first nor the Feaver so great if any If Wind or Phlegm be the Cause for the most part the Chollick preceded and the Signes thereof are laid down in the preceding Chapter This Disease is dangerous more or lesse according to the Causes and Symptoms that which is accompanied with the Strangury or that irregular vomiting before mentioned for the most part is deadly If there be a remission of Symptoms and things taken at the mouth find passage downwards there is hopes of recovery What belongs to the cure of this Disease must thus be considered viz. If hard Dung obstruct the passage you must often inject emollient and laxative Clisters in the mean time give Medicines inwardly of the same Nature mixing with them such as strengthen the Stomach and Vital parts having read thus fair you cannot be ignorant how to prepare them by this means I cured one in this Condition who went not to Stool in sixteen or eighteen dayes You may likewise apply Fomentations Liniments and Cataplasms of an emollient Nature to the Belly If you find the Body flatuous and in much pain administer the Medicines prescribed against the Chollick If the Guts be inflamed you must open a Vein and draw as much Blood as the strength of the Sick will bear Administer cooling and emollient Clisters and other Medicines prescribed in the 42 Chapter for the inflammation of the Stomach If he vomit not give him warm Water and Oyl of Violets for it is a good Revulsion Let his drink be Barly Water and sometimes give in a draught thereof two ounces of Oyl of sweet Almonds and if the Pain be violent use Narcoticks Let him abstain from Food for it turns to no good Nourishment let him now and then take a spoonful of Broth and drink such things as are before mentioned If the Bowels fall into the Cods and cause this Disease you must foment the part with emollient Oyls and relaxing Decoctions giving emollient and carminative Clisters then let the Patient ly with his Heels higher then his head and gently thrust them back and keep them up with a Trusse If there be a Circumvolution of Hoisting of the Guts Hippocrates prescribeth this as the last Remedy namely to apply a payr of Bellows to the Fundament and blow into the Belly and afterwards to give an emollient Clister this hath been proved by many able Physitians and highly commended Others have commended the taking of Quicksilver in a great Quantity which hath cured when all other means have failed CHAP. XLV Of the Flux Lientery and Coelick Passion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lientery is a Flux of the Belly in which the Meat is quickly sent through the Body undigested 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Coeliack Passion is when the Meat comes forth crude and impertectly digested these two differ onely in degrees and their Cures are the same This Disease is not to be referred to concoction-hurt onely but to the Debility of the retentive Faculty for the Meat is not long enough receined to be concocted hence it appeareth that the Disease cometh from a fault of the Stomach as well as the Guts The Causes of this Disease are referred to three Heads First a cold Distemper of the Stomach and Liver which generateth flegmatick and glutinous Humours which cover the wrinkles of the Stomach that it cannot retain the Food Though Retention be made by the astringing Quality yet it operates by fit Instruments viz. the Roughnesse of the inward Coat of the Stomach which Roughnesse being taken away and the wrinklesfilled up by the Humours aforesaid the Retention is hurt and the Meat slippeth away without Concoction Secondly sharp Humours prick and twitch
the parts by which the Stomach and Guts are provoked to send forth the Meat too soon Lastly in malignant Feavers and other dangerous Diseases the retentive Faculty is weakned and Nature being conquered degenerateth into a Lientery There is another Cause peculiar to the Coeliack Passion Namely the Obstruction of the Meseraick Veins which hinder the passage of the Chilus to the Liver and therefore must of necessity be cast forth by the Belly I need not lay down the Signes of this Disease being obvious to the Eye The Causes may be thus discovered If it come from a cold Distemper there are sowr Belchings the Excrements are phlegmatick If the Humours flow from the Head the Excrements are frothy and the Flux greater after Sleep the Signes of a Catarrh appear If it come from Provocation there is a Heat in the Hypocondria sharp and cholerick Excrements great Thust and a Gnawing in the Stomach These Diseases if they last long are very dangerous because Nature is deprived of her Nourishment and the Body soon falleth into a Dropsy or Atrophy If it follow other Diseases it is for the most part deadly If the Disease hath its originall from phlegmatick Humours covering the wrinkles of the Stomach you must use those remedyes propounded for the cure of Want of Appetite comming from a cold Cause with which make use of those things which are astringent to stay the Flux Clisters are of no great force except the Flux be violent in such Cases they must be astringent such as shall be prescribed in the 47 Chapter of the Flux Dysentery You must purge the peccant Humours and then strengthen the Stomach with the Medicines prescribed in the Cure of Want of Appetite for which purpose Amatus Lusitanus highly commendeth this following Opiate Take of Conserve of Roses six Ounces of the best Treacle six Drachms Sirrup of Quinces sufficient to make an Opiate give half an Ounce in the Morning and fast one hour If this Flux come from Provocation by cholerick Humours do as you are taught in the Chapter of cholerick Vomiting or you may use those things prescribed in the following Chapter of the Flux Diarrhaea For that which comes from the Imbecillity of the retentive Faculty now and then give Clisters made of Posset drink in which red Roses have been boiled and dissolve Sugar therein and the yelks of Eggs. Give inwardly strengthning and astringent things which are prescribed in the following Chapter and against cholerick vomiting Anoint the Stomach and Belly with this following Oyntment Take of the Oyls of Mastick Wormwood Mints and Myrtles of each two Drachms the Powders of Cinnamon Cloves and Galingale of each one Scruple the flowers of Pomgranates and red Roses of each half a Scruple Wax sufficient to make an Oyntment If this Disease depend upon the Obstruction of the Meseraick Veins use the Remedies prescribed for opening Obstructions of the Liver CHAP. XLVI Of the Flux Diarrhaea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diarrhoea is a Flux of the Belly or a great and copious sending forth excrementitious Humours not of Food or Chylus as in the Lientery or Caeliack Passion nor of Blood with Inflammation or Ulceration of the Intestines as in the Dysentery which remaineth next to be spoken of The Humours voided are either Cholerick Phlegmatick Melancholy or Serous The Place from whence it comesis either from the whole Body or from the Brain Stomach Intestines Liver Spleen Mesentery Womb and the like The Cause is either Critical or Symptomatical Internal or External The Disease it self is easily known from what hath already been said the difference of the Matter and Humours sent forth are manifest to the Senses It is somwhat difficult to know from what part of the Body the Humours are sent If it come from the whole Body there hath been some Disease which hath afflicted the whole Body as Cachexia Leucophlegmatia a continuall Feaver or excessive Eating or Drinking If it comes from the Head the Excrements are froathy and are voided more violent by Night then by Day and there is some manifest Disease in the Head as a Catarrh Deafnesse Lethargy c. If the fault be in the Stomach the Patient filled himself with Food apt to corrupt or there be Signes of Concoction hurt viz. If the Humours be sharp cholerick and stinking the Concoction is hurt by a hot Distemper of the Stomach and the expulsive Faculty laboureth to throw it out If they be crude and phlegmatick Concoction is hurt by a cold Distemper If Worms in the Guts be the cause their Signes seek 〈…〉 Chapter of the Worms If the Humours come from the Liver they are cholerick and there appeareth some Distemper of the Liver If from the Spleen the Excrements are blackish and distempers of the Spleen and Hypocondria appear If from the Mesentery there is extention but Humours there have their original from the Liver or Spleen If from the Womb there are the Symptoms of the Womb affected To the Prognostick I say the Flux of the Belly which is Critical that is easily endured and is a benefit to the Patient by which Humours which are burthensome to Nature are discharged is good On the contrary if it be symptomatical painful weakning to Nature it is evil If the Excrements are thin voided often with Pain without Feeling when they are voided or in an acute Disease all these are evil Signes If the Excrements voided be yellow as yelks of Eggs green black blew or of divers colours it is evil If this Flux afflict a Woman with Child she is in great danger of Miscariage If the Excrements begin to grow thicker there is hopes of Recovery If a Flux happeneth in the Dropsy wherein the whole Body is affected it causeth a Recovery understand this where the Patient is young strong and the Disease but begun for if Nature be weakned by the long continuance of the Disease and the Flux happen the Disease and Life hand in hand go together For the Cure If the Body abound with Blood open a Vein if not if the Patient hath a Feaver it is good to let Blood Then purge the Humour offending with such Purgers that leave an Astringent behind them If the Body be strong vointing is good for it revelleth and evacuateth the Matter of the Disease Before and after purging give cleansing Clisters after the Body is sufficiently emptied give astringent all which the next Chapter will furnish you with Inwardly you may give astringent und strengthning Medicines prescribed in the next Chapter If your Patient be free from a Feaver boil new milk and scum off the Foam and quench red hot Steel often in it and let him drink thereof warm which is a present Remedy Unripe Mulberryes and Blackberryes dryed and heaten to powder is good to stay this Flux This Opiate is excellent Take of the juyce of Quinces Conserve of Roses of each one Ounce Sanguis Draconis Terra Sigillata and fine Bole of each one Drachm Bloodstone
Ounce the conserve of Hips one Ounce and an half with Syrrup of Lemmons make an Opiate and take a little often Likewise you may make a decoction of China and Hepatick hearbs sweetning it with the aforenamed Syrrups and taking half a pint in the morning Likewise of the aforenamed cooling hearbs you may make an Apozen to cool the Liver or you may make a Bath to cool and moysten the body CHAP. LIV. Of the Inflammation of the Liver THe Inflammation of the Liver is a hot Tumor occasioned by bloud out of its proper vessells sent into the substance of the Liver This Tumor ariseth either from pure bloud or else the bloud is mixed with Choller Flegme or Melancholly so producing either a true Erysipelous Oedematous or Schirrous Phlegmon This Tumor is sometimes in the gibbous or hollow part of the Liver The causes of this disease are too much bloud or the heat thinnesse or sharpnesse thereof and by its motion in the Veins it is sometimes thrown into the Liver For the Liver being hot and in pain doth attract the humours to it self or by its weaknesse is forced to receive the burden that stronger parts lay upon it according to the Proverb The weakest goes to the walls Sometimes an obstruction of the Liver by retaining the thick humours which by a preternaturall heat is inflamed The externall causes are the same which cause heat of the Liver To which add a stroak or fall bruising the Liver or Medicines applyed to a cold stomach or a Cupping-Glasse fastned to the Region of the Liver The signs of the disease are heavinesse in the right Hypocondrion a weighty pain sometimes extending it self to the throat and sometimes to the lower ribs a Feaver more or lesse violent according to the nature of the humour offending viz. Choller or Flegm and difficulty of breathing because the motion of the Diaphragma is hindered a dry chough an unequal pulse and like a Saw the Tongue at the beginning red afterwards black great thirst loathing of meat vomiting Choller and sometimes Flegm a pale and yellowish colour of the whole body red and flaming Urine the sick hath more ease lying upon his back then upon either side for the most part he is costive because the heat of the Liver dryeth up the moysture of the Chylus but if the Liver be weak also the sick is loose and the excrements are like water wherein flesh hath bin washed If the Gibbous part of the Liver be affected you may feel the Tumor in the right Hypochondrion the breath is fetched with difficulty and the pain reacheth to the right side of the Throar If the cavity of the Liver be affected the Tumor is not felt but because that part lyeth upon the stomach there is greater loathing of meat vomitting thirst and sometimes loosnesse of the belly by reason of the corruption which the distemper of the Liver causeth in the Stomach The signs of the causes are thus known if the inflāmation be of bloud onely the face is either red or duskish the Pulse is great and soft the Urine is red and thick the body is full of flesh and there is sweetnesse in the mouth and for the most part the Patient is young and hath fed high If Choller cause the inflāmation the face is yellow the pulse swift hard and unequall the Urine thin and yellow the body thin the eyes hollow a bitter tast in the mouth and Cholerick vomitings The Symptomes of the inflamation of the Abdomen differ little from them of the inflāmation of the Liver therefore let us a little consider the difference If the Muscles of the Abdomen be inflāmed the skin is extended and if you lay hold of it you cannot move it but if the Liver be inflamed if you lay hold on the Muscles they yield and the Tumor appeareth deeper If these Muscles be inflamed the colour appeareth fresh and in its naturall colour but if the Liver be inflamed the colour is yellow as in the Jaundise you must likewise distinguish between the inflāmation of the Liver and a Pleurisy Sometimes moist and bloudy stools distinguish it in the Pleurisy the pain will be vehement and great towards the right Hypocondria no change of colour the cough great and dry with bloudy spittle for the most part the pulse hard and like a Saw the inflāmation of the Liver is manifosted by the signs laid down before If the Mesentery be inflamed the Tumor appeareth beneath the region of the Liver the stools will be thin and moist with unconcocted matter if the party recover the matter quickly is concocted the colour of the face is not much altered Prog. every inflāmation of the Liver is dangerous for the most part deadly if the Patient be not cured or killed presently the disease ends in a Dropsy Atrophy or Consumption If Choller be the cause of the inflāmation it is worse then if bloud were the cause and the Feaver is stronger The Hicchough in this distemper is a very evill sign for it shews the greater Malignity of the inflāmation which doth disturb the Stomach A Flux joyned with it unlesse it be criticall and the humours evacuated concocted is deadly To cure it follow the rules prescribed in the 42. Chapt. Of the Inflāmation of the Stomach Let his drink be Barly water with a little Syrrup of Violets If the disease be stubborn to the former Medicines prescribed in the 42. Chapter add this following Apozeme Take of the roots of Smallage Fennell and Parsly of each two ounces the leaves of Agrimony Violets Succory and Maidenhair of each one handfull Polypody of the Oak four Ounces Chammell flowers one Ounce the seeds of Fennell Gromwell and Parsly of each one Drachm boil it to a Pint and an half and in the strained Liquor infuse an Ounce of Sen na and three Drachms of Rubarb afterwards add of Sirrup of violets and Vinegar Simple of each two Ounces divide it into four Doses and let the Sick take every other Morning Then make an Epithem Liniment Unguent or Plaister thus Take of the Juyce of Endive Succory Sorrell and Plantane of each half an Ounce of the Oyls of Roses Wormwood Camomill and Myrtles of each one Ounce Vinegar half an Ounce boil it to the Consumption of the Juyces then add of the three Sanders in Powder of each one Scruple with Wax sufficient make an unguent and anoint the Region of the Liver If the Pain and Feaver decreaseth you must add to the former Oyntment such things as dissolve and mollify as well as cool as the Flowers of Camomill and Melilot Barly-meal the Roots of Marsh-mallows Calamus Aromaticus and Cypresse the Leaves of Mallows Violets and Agrimony the Seeds of Annise Fennell Faenugreek and Flax. Or with these Simples you may make a Fomentation If the Inflammation be not discussed as it seldom can it tends to Suppuration otherwise to a Gangrene The Imposthume for the most part is compleat in twenty dayes it is
very dangerous and few escape thereof But if it be little and onely in one part of the Liver and the Matter white which comes forth by Urine and Stool the Sick escapeth if it be in the outward part of the Liver it may be opened by an actual Cautery and if the Matter which cometh forth be white the Patient escapeth After the Imposthume is broken there remaineth an Ulcer if the Patient continueth the Ulcer is hard to cure and bringeth the Patient into a Dropsy or Marasmus But sometimes sharp cholerick and corroding Humours in the Liver produce an Ulcer without Inflammation This Ulcer is discovered by the Signes following Pain in the right Hypocondrion mattery and bloody Stools and pain in the Bowels as in the Dysentery onely here the Weight and Pricking about the Liver maketh a Distinction sometimes pieces of the Liver have been voided by Stool If the outward part of the Liver be ulcerated the Urine is mattery without any Disease in the Bladder or Reins The Colour is yellow sometimes small Pimples in the Face a stinking Breath Loathing Flesh and the Sick fainteth often An Ulcer in the Liver is accompanied for the most part with an Hective Feaver for the most part Death lodgeth not farr from it that which followeth an Imposthume and Inflammation is more dangerous then the other If it tends to Suppuration it is hardly cured yet you must proceed thus Take of the Emplaster of Diachilon magnum and Melilot of each one Ounce Gum Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar half an Ounce Oyl of Wormwood and Wax make a Plaister and spread it upon Leather in the form of an half Moon and apply it to the Region of the Liver Make use also of mollifying Cataplasms Give inwardly Chicken Broth and boil therein Marsh and common Mallows Figs c. When the Imposthume is broken make use of the Medicines prescribed for the Cure of an Ulcer in the Stomach give him to drink Whey or Barly-Water and Hony of Roses If the Suppuration be outwardly and after the opening thereof the Matter is filthy red and stinking Death must perfect the Cure but if the Matter evacuated be white and concocted there is hopes of Recovery CHAP. LV. Of the Obstruction of the Liver 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Obstruction of the Liver is a Disease organical a preternatural Straitnesse of the Branches of the Vena Porta and Vena Cava as also the whole Substance of the Liver which hinders the distribution of Blood and Nourishment by reason of a preternatural Humour which shutteth up the Passages The Quantity or Quality of the Humours may be the Cause of Obstruction Plenty of Humours cause Obstruction in the Cavity of the Vessels which by fulnesse are so distended that they cannot contract themselves to send forth the Matter The Quality of the Humours is grosse tough and clammy Excrements sticking to the Passages and are more thickned by the Heat of the part viz. Phlegm which easily groweth thick and clammy Mela choly which is cold thick and drossy Choller staying long in the Liver grows thick and sometimes the Thicknesse of the Blood may cause Obstruction sometimes grosse Vapours may cause Obstruction as in the Chollick All things which make thick and clammy Humours as a cloudy and thick Air Meats that are astringent cold of grosse Juyce hard of Concoction being immoderately eaten or more eaten then the Constitution of the Body can well dispense with as Beef Bacon Pork and Fish dryed in the Smoak Cheese Pease Beans c. Pears Quinces Medlars Services and Mushrooms Bread not well baked muddy Ale and astringent Wine A cold Distemper of the Liver which cannot well concoct the Chylus but turns it into a salt tartarous and mucilaginous Matter may be the Cause of Obstruction Distempers of the Stomach by reason of which it cannot well concoct but beget crude Chyle which the Liver cannot well order may be the Cause Diag In this Distemper the Excrements are not naturall but are moist white chylous or bloody The Urine white thin and warry when the Patient walketh fast or up a Hill he breatheth with difficulty the Face pale the whole Body lean and dull a sense of Weight in the Hypocondria especially after Meat and though the Sick hath eat Meat light and little in Quantity yet he seemeth as if he had overgorged himself Sometimes the Hypocondria is extended and a dry Cough The Causes are thus known If the Pain be heavy extended and fixed grosse Humours are the Cause Sharper Pains and more moveable declare Wind. If cold Humours be the Cause there is more Weight the Face is pale no Thirst nor Feaver a thick and cold Diet preceded the contrary Signes declare hot Humours to be the cause Choller maketh the Face yellow and blood-red Prog An Obstruction newly begun may be easily cured but an old hardly If the Obstruction of the Liver be not removed it breeds many dangerous Diseases in a word it may be well called the Mother of all Diseases That which comes of crude phlegmatick Humours is worse then that which comes of Wind. You must begin the Cure with universal Evacuations suitable to the Nature of the Disease the Strength and Constitution of the Patient If Blood abound open the Liver-Vein but beware lest you cool the Body too much Then you must make opening-Broths thus Take of the Roots of Smallage Parsly Fennell and Asparagus of each one Ource Agrimony Maiden-hair and Polypody of the Oak of each one handfull the Seeds of Annise Parsly and Fennell of each one Drachm boil them in Chicken or Mutton Broth and strain it every Morning give the Sick a Porringer full dissolving first therein Cream of Tartar one Drachm Salt of Wormwood and Tamarisk of each half a Scruple Or every other day infuse in his Broth half an Ounce of Senna and give it as before Baths and Fomentations made of sottning and opening things are good Take of the Roots of Marsh mallows Lillyes and Briony of each two Ounces the middle Rind of Tamarisk the Bark of Caper Roots the Roots of Sea holly Cypresse and dwarf-Elder of each one Ounce The Leaves of Marsh and common Mallows Camomill Mints Germander Penny-royall Violets and Wormwood of each one handfull the Seed of Flax Foenugreek and Juniper Berryes of each one Ounce the Flowers of Broom Elder Camomill and Mililot of each one Handfull boil them in chalybiated Water and if you please add one part of white-Wine and foment the Region of the Liver or with a greater Quantity make a Bath Your Wit if you have any will teach you how to make Unguents of the same ingredients to anoint the part after fomenting It is good to have in readinesse an Opiate that openeth Obstructions strengthneth the Stomach Liver and other parts Take of the Conserve of Wormwood two Ounces the Root of Elicampane and Citron Peels candied of each one Ounce Candied Nutmegs half an Ounce one Myrabolan candied Confectio Alchermes
Stomack CHAP. LVIII Of the Obstruction Inflammation and Tumor of the Spleen THe Spleen is subject to Obstruction as well as the Lâ—ver or rather more because it draweth cruder blood when thick humors stick in the substance of the Spleen it maketh an inflammation and Tumor If the humors grow thick and hard it breeds a Scirrhus If the Tumor be phlegmatick it is called Oedma which chanceth to them who live upon cold and moyst food or live in a moyst ayre But if it be soft loose puffed up it is called an inflammation or puffing of the Spleen The causes of the Obstruction Inflammation tumour of the Spleen are the same with them of the Liver Sometimes the affect seizeth on both together They are distinguished by their Signes the Obstruction of the Spleen is distinguished from the Obstruction of the Liver by the scituation of the part If the Spleen be obstructed there is heavinesse and pain in the left Hypochondrion especially after running riding or any more than ordinary exercise if you handle the hypochondrion there is resistance the face is blewish and Signes of melancholly appeare the disease is of long continuance and if it be not speedily cured it turnes to a Scirrhus The cure is performed the same way as the Obstruction of the Liver is only you must add things which particularly respect the Spleen and purge the Melancholly humor The inflammation of the Spleen likewise hath the same conjunct and antecedent cause only it is especially caused by Melancholly Blood The Diagnostick Signes are different viz the Patient hath swelling pain heavinesse and beating on the left side under the ribs thirst blacknesse of the tongue loathing of meat a constant fever troublesome lying on either side especially the right somtimes the Tumor is in the shape of the Spleen Somtimes fills the left Hypochondrion and if the adjacent parts be inflamed also it extendeth below the Navell If only Melancholly blood cause the inflammation the Tumor is harder the colour black and many times the Urine If choler be mixed with melancholly blood the thirst is greater the Fever stronger and worse every third day the mouth bitter and the Urine red great want of sleep and doting If phlegme be mixed the former symptomes are lessened The Prognostick is the same with the inflammation of the Liver only it is lesse dangerous for as much as the Liver is the nobler part If it endeth not in Death it endeth by some criticall Evacuation as by Stoole Urine or Bleeding at the left Nostrill or else it grows hard and turnes to a Schirrhus Which may be known by the causes and signes laid down in the Chapter of the Schirrhus of the Liver only it appeareth on the contrary side The cure of this and the former may be performed by the medicines laid down in the Chapters of the inflammation obstruction and Schirrhus of the Liver only make use of some things that especially respect the Spleen and purge melancholly as I hinted before Somtimes the Spleen is much pained by wind which stretcheth the Spleen and its membranes but is without fever or hardnesse It is easily distinguished from the former griefs but hardly from the Chollick by reason of the neernesse of the Gut Colon but you may distinguish them thus the pain of the Spleen is weighty and in one place but of the Chollick is stretching sharp moveable and runs over the whole Belly The Cure must be wrought by Medicines carminative emollient and discussive given internally or Clisters of the same Nature with Fomentations and Liniments made of the Oyls of Wormwood Lillyes Camomell Capers and such like adding a little of the Oyl of Spike and if the pain cease not some commend the Application of a Cupping-Glasse but be well advised first whether there be no Defluxion or Inflammation CHAP. LX. Of Hypocondriack Melancholy THis Disease hath its Originall from melancholly and adust Humours which are bred by the Distemper of the Spleen or Stomach which by reason of of their Crudity stay long in the Veins Arteries and other Passages which cause great and grievous Fermentations or Workings from whence noisome Vapours ascend to the Brain Heart and Midriff which cause divers Symptoms which I shall mention hereafter The antecedent Causes are all Meats of evill Juyce and of hard Digestion long continued Passions and Sadnesse because they disperse the Spirits and hinder Concoction and cause Credityes which being burnt by Heat turn to Melancholy Much Study Watching and want of Excercise may be the Cause by reason of much Retention of Excrements hence it is that learned men and such who sit much are troubled with this Disease The Stoppage of the Terms or Haemorrhoids may be the Cause The Diagnostick Signs of this Disease are many according to the parts affected Sometimes the Patient spitteth or vomiteth much because the Stomach concocteth ill and turneth the Nourishment into watry sharp sowr or clammy Substance which not being drawn away by the Guts ly in the Stomach and sometimes discharge themselves as aforesaid Sometimes the boiling of these Humours in the Stomach causeth flaruous Vapours which stretch the Stomach and afflict the Heart and cause Swooning These Vapours cause a Noise beneath the Ribs hence it hath been called the windy Disease Sometimes the Wind reacheth to the Kidneys and causeth great Pain there which maketh the Patient think he hath the Stone He is often costive because the clammy Humours bred by evill Concoction stick to the Guts sometimes the Sharpnesse of the Humours causeth the Belly to be soluble There is great Heat in the Hypocondria so that the Face will grow red and hot from those Vapours Sometimes the Urine is thin because thick and tartarous Humours stop the Passages sometimes thick red and troubled and hath a thick tartarous Sediment and sometimes stick to the bottom of the Urin all like Sand which causeth a Suspition of the Stone but this dissolves between the Fingers like Salt and that which is bred in the Reins is hard The Vapours ascending produce many Symptomes as Palpitation of the Heart a distempered Pulse if they ascend to the Tongue and Pallat it causeth great Thirst if to the Lungs difficulty of the Breathing if to the Membranes of the Brain Head ach if to the Brain it self Dimnesse of sight Noise in the Ears Giddinesse Fear and melancholy Phantasies if they be very sharp they sometimes cause the Falling-Sicknesse and if they settle in the Nervs Convulsion if they be stupifying they cause Numbnesse the Palsy Apoplexy c If the Vapours be hot and dry they dry the Brain and cause Watchings troublesom Sleep and frightfull Dreams Note that all these Symptoms are not to be expected in one and the same Patient but more or fewer according to the variety of the peccant Humours Prognosticks are A continual Pain and Giddinesse of the Head in a Hypocondry doth threaten an Epilepsy Apoplexy or Blindnesse and the like Thick Urine
Ounce Liquorish two Drachms Camomill and Saxifrage of each one Pugill Winter Cherryes twenty Red Cicers four Ounces Raisons of the Sun two Ounces the four great cold Seeds a Drachm and an half French Barly four Ounces boil them gently in the distilled Water of Saxifrage Cammock and Parsly of each half a Pint when it hath boiled a while add half a Pint of white Wine and let it boil till half be consumed to the straining add six Ounces of the Sirrup of Marsh-Mallows drink three or four Ounces in the Morning To the Region of the Bladder must be applyed mollifying and asswaging Fomentations If all Medicines fail and the Patient's pains unsupportable Necessity requireth the dangerous Operation of Cutting Let the Physitian prepare the Patient's body by Purging Bleeding and Diet according to the Constitution and Condition of the Patient's Body and let the Patient prepare his Soul for God CHAP. LXIV Of the Inflammation of the Reins and Bladder THis Disease is a Tumor in those parts caused by the flowing of Blood or Choller unto them The Causes of this Inflammation are natural unnatural or preternatural Natural when there is a natural haereditary Infirmity in the parts or great Heat originally which violently draw the Humours thither Causes not natural are Gluttony Drunkennesse much Venery great Passions of the mind violent Excercise Stoppage of some usual Evacuation as the Terms or Haemorrhoids all things which cause Repletion or evill Concoction and drive the Humours to the inward Bowels Things preternatural may be the Cause as a Stroak Wound or Bruise upon the Reins or Bladder constant Feavers the Matter of the Pleurisy or Empyema carried away by the Urine Heat or Stoppage of the Urine the Stone or Exulceration of the part may cause an Inflammation The Inflammation of the Reins is known by those Signes a weighty and beating Pain about the part which extendeth it self to the adjacent parts the Patient cannot help himself nor ly otherwise then upon his back If he doth sneez or move his Body the pain encreaseth he hath a Numbnesse in the Leg on the same side he maketh Water with difficulty he hath a constant sharp Feaver with Watchings Dotings and dangerous Symptomes He vomiteth Choller Phlegm and other Humours the Urine is first thin and yellow afterwards thick and red If the Bladder be inflamed the Patient is vexed with a sharp Feaver Watching Vomiting c. as aforesaid The Share becometh hard and hath vehement pain he hath almost continuall Provocation to go to Stool as in the Disease Tenasmus Prog The Inflammation of these parts do threaten continual danger of Death Convulsions Dotage Watchings cold Sweats are the Messengers of Death If the Inflammation suppurate and the Imposthume break and the Matter be evacuated by the Urine there is hopes If the Haemorrhoids bleed there is hopes that the Inflammation will cease You must begin the Cure with a mollifying and cooling Clister to the Decoction for the Clister prescribed in the Chapter of the Stone in the Reins add of Cassia and Diaprunes Lenitive of each half an Ounce Sirrup of Violets one Ounce the Oyl of Violets two ounces make a Clister Then open the Liver-Vein on the same side the Inflammation is If the Bladder be inflamed open the Liver-Vein on the right Arm draw as much Blood as your Patient's Strength will bear And if you open the inferior Veins it is a good derivation Then give the Clister again and as often as need requireth but remember to give it in a small quantity least it oppresse the Tumor Use Cupping and Scarifying Frictions and Ligatures to the extream parts to draw the Humours outwards You must allay the Heat of the Blood by cooling Juleps in which use no Diuretick Simple lest it carry Humours to the part and increase the Inflammation in the declination of the Disease Diuretick Medicines may be given You may make a cooling Julep thus Take of the distilled Water of Endive Lettice Plantane and Purslane of each four Ounces Sirrup of Pomegranats two Ounces the Sirrup of Water-Lillyes and Violets of each one Ounce Oyl of Vitriol as much as sufficeth to give it a gratefull Relish mix them for four Mornings and Evenings Draughts Or you may make an Emulsion of the Seeds of Sorrel Letrice Purslane Poppy Almonds Pine-Nuts and the like The great cold Seeds are diuretick and must not be used in the beginning of the Disease for the reason before given Nor ought you at first to purge till the Declination then you may profitably purge with Medicines which are gentle as Manna Cassia Rubarb Tamarinds Diaprunes lenitive Sirrup of Roses c. Outwardly you may apply Cataplasms Liniments Unguents that are cooling repelling and if the Inflammation be in the Bladder astringing when the Defluxion is stopped use Softners and Dissolvers If the Strangury or any other dangerous Symptome appear converse with their proper Chapters If the Tumor tend to Suppuration which you may know by the encrease of the Feaver and Symptomes trembling and vomiting you must help Nature with mollifying Cataplasms the Chapters of Inflammations of other parts will advise you If the Tumor appear outwardly you must open it with a Cautery or Incision-knife If it break and the Matter fall into the Abdomen it brings sudden Death or a Hectick Feaver If the Tumor grow hard and the Feaver gone it breeds the Dropsy evill Habit or some such Disease and is incurable for the most part you must deal with it as with the Schirrhus of the Liver CHAP. LXV Of the Ulcer of the Reins and Bladder THis Disease is caused either from an Imposthume broken there from Sharpnesse of the Humours or from a Stone which doth corrode them This Disease is known by the voiding of much Matter with the Urine To know whether the Reins or the Bladder be diseased take a few Rules If the Ulcer be in the Reins the pain is there the Matter is more concocted more in quantity and more mixed with the Urine making it appear like Milk which standing settleth to the bottom sometimes much Blood is voided and pieces of Flesh which sometimes stops the Passage When the Ulcer is in the Bladder contrary Signes appear the pain is neer the Privityes the Matter is lesse in Quantity and not well concoct but of divers Colours and stinketh sometimes Matter is voided without Urine If the Ulcer be old callous and hard snotty Phlegm is voided such as is voided if there be a Stone in the Bladder for the most part little Skins like Scales or Bran are voided As all inward Vlcers are dangerous so are these much more because the continuall Flux of Humours with the Vrine to the part doth nourish the Vlcer The Violence of the pain causeth Watchings and a Consumption of the whole Body If the Vicer be taken in time and the Patient yong it may be cured else not The Cure must be performed by evacuating the peccant Humours by cleansing drying and healing the
Vlcer You must parge the Humours which flow to the part affected with gentle Medicines such as are prescribed in the Chapter aforegoing If there be Repletion or Inflammation in the part let Phlebotomy be used Evacuate the Humours by gentle purgers mentioned in the Chapter aforegoing Mercuvius Dulcis doth cleanse and heal the Vlcer Turpentine is a good cleanser It is good for the Patient to vomit often After due Evacuations you must use cleansers as the Milk of Cows Goats or Asses which are very good and cleanse with their wheyie part and heal with their cheezie but give it not in a Feaver Let the Patient drink Water and Sugar thin Hydromell or Barly Water In Hydromell if there be a Feaver boil the cold Seeds Mallows Liquorish c. Waters that spring from Allum and Iron Mines are good for they correct the Heat and cleanse the Ulcer The Decoction of China Guajacum Sarsaparilla and the like is good to dry up the Humours to purge the crude Matter in them that have the French Pox and have no Feaver nor Flux of Blood But lest the Bowels should be inflamed give cooling Broths at Night After the use of cleansers you may see by the Vrine when the Vlcer is cleansed viz. when it appeareth white and clean without any dreggy or filthy Matter then you must give astringing glutinating and healing Medicines Take of Conserve of Roses four Ounces Bolearmenick Terra Sigillata red Coral and Sanguis Draconis of each two Drachms the Seeds of Lettice Purslane and Plantane of each one Drachm red Roses and Shavings of Ivory of each two Scruples with Sirrup of Comphry make an Opiate Or you may make of it a Masse for Pills with Venice Turpentine or if that cause pain with the Juyce of Liquorish Chymists do much commend Antimonium Diaphoreticum Mercurius Dulcis Diaphoreticus To allay the vehemency of the pain you must sometimes mix Anodines with your Medicines as Laudanum the Sirrup of Poppyes and the Emulsion of the cold Seeds Outwardly foment the Region of the Kidneys thus Take of Camomil Mallows Melilot Pellitory of the Wall and Violets of each one Handfull the Roots of Marsh-Mallows and water-Lillyes of each two Ounces the Seeds of Flax Fenugreek and Winter-Cherryes of each three Drachms make a Decoction and foment the part Then apply this Liniment Take of the Oyl of Violets and Sweet Almonds of each one Ounce and an half Oyl of Roses one Ounce of the Musilage made of the Seeds of Marsh-Mallows and Fenugreck of each two Ounces Saffron one Scruple make a Liniment If the Ulcer be in the Bladder you must make an Injection twice in a day with new Milk Whey Hydromel or Barly Water with Hony of Roses to cleanse afterwards add Astringers and Driers as the white Trochts of Rhasis or of Gordonius or boil in Whey or Barly-water the Roots of Comphry Allum Mirth Tragacanth and the like CHAP. LXVI Of extraordinary Pissing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diabetes is a quick and plentifull making of Water after which followeth violent Thirst and a wasting of the whole Body The Cause of this Disease is a hot Distemper of the Reins which draweth Water violently from the Veins which causeth a great Thirst after drink which as soon as it is taken is carried to the Reins where burthening the retentive Faculty and provoking the expulsive it is soon sent to the Bladder Some attribute it to choletick sharp and salt Humours in the Kidneys which draw Water thither as such Humours which stick to the Tunicles of the Stomach in Feavers cause Thirst Others will not admit of this opinion because the Kidneys onely suffer in this Disease and that Choller and other burnt Humours are first bred in the Liver They say there is a venemous Quality bred in the Kidneys Galen himself is of this opinion that divers kinds of Poisons may breed in the Body of Man In Lybia there is a Serpent called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dipsacos which name the Greeks give this Disease from the unquenchable Thirst with which it is accompanied which Serpent if he biteth any man infecteth him with such a Poyson as begets an unquenchable Thirst The Signes of this Disease are clear from what hath been said viz. An unquenchable Thirst an extraordinary Pissing and voiding the Drink as soon almost as it is drunk and a Decay of the whole Body This Disease is deadly if it be not taken in the beginning and the Patient yong for it brings a Consumption If you judge the Patient curable you must labour to allay the hot Distemper of the Kidneys to correct their poysonous Quality to thicken the Humours which flow to them and to strengthen them First give mollifying and asswaging Clisters and purge if you see occasion as you are taught in the Chapter Of the Inflammation of the Kidneys Gentle Vomits do evacuate and draw the Humours from the Ureters If nothing forbid open a Vein in the Arm. To correct the Distemper and thicken the Humours make a Julep thus Take of the distilled Water or the Decoction of Plantane four Ounces of Lettice Poppy and Purslane of each two Ounces the Sirrup of Myrtles Comphry and Quinces of each one Ounce the Sirrup of Poppyes half an Ounce the Spirit of Vitriol twenty Drops mix them and make a Julep If you will have a Medicine more astringent or binding thus Take of the Seeds of Plantane Purslane and Coriander prepared of each one Ounce the Flowers of red Roses Pomegranats and yellow Mirabolans of each half an Ounce Nutmegs half a Drachm Corall and Pearl prepared burnt Harts Horn Bolearmenick and the Roots of Tormentill of each one Scruple make them into Powder Or if you please make them into a soft Electuary with the Sirrup of Myrtles Comphry or Quinces The Milk of Asses Cows Goats or Sheep is good especially if Flints be often quenched therein Sweating is a good Remedy if it be provoked by outward means or with China Sarsa and such mild Medicines for it drives the watry Humour outward but beware of strong Medicines least they purge by Urine and encrease the Distemper Outwardly foment the Loyns with things which cool and bind as the roots of Sorrel Plantane Pomegranate-peels Sumath Seeds c. boiled in Vinegar afterwards anoint with the Vnguent of Roses Sanders and Comitissa CHAP. LXVII Of involuntary Pissing THis Disease consisteth in the hurting of the retentive Action of the Bladder Some are subject to this Distemper while they are awake which is the worst Others are subject to it sleeping onely which is not so bad because then the animall Functions are lesse excercised There are two Causes of this Distemper First the Weaknesse and Loosenesse of the Sphincter Muscle of the Bladder Or Secondly the exquisite Sense of the Bladder and the Sharpnesse of the Urine which stirreth up the expulsive Faculty with consent of the Will The first Cause is apparent in sucking Children weak people and such whose
Greek is a Disease which modern Writers call Scalding of the Urine it differs from Stranguria in this that more Water is made and with farr more pain Any thing that can wound the Sphincter-Muscle or passage of the Bladder may be the Cause The usuall Cause is either a mixture of sharp Humours with the Urine or sometimes the sharpnesse of the Urine caused by the eating of hot and sharp Meats or by the hot Distemper of the Bowels Liver or other parts or from evill Concoction in the Stomach or Liver by which the Blood is not freed from salt and tartarous Humours which being sucked to the Kidneys is sent to the Bladder causeth pain Filthy Matter comming from an Ulcer in the Reins or Bladder may be the Cause he who is troubled with a Gonorrhaea or Running of the Reins is seldom free from scalding Urine To conclude the Stone or large Gravel may be the Cause The Knowledge of this Disease is evident the Signes of the Causes are easily gathered If it be caused by the Stone Inflammation or Gonorrhaea it is known by their proper Signes If from sharpnesse of Urine by the mixture of Humours the Urine will be thin and high coloured or in it will appear a mixture of Choller Phlegm or Matter the Patient hath eaten hot things or else hath some hot Distemper This Disease is not very dangerous unlesse it continue long and ulcerateth the Neck of the Bladder Sometimes it is hard to be cured especially if the Patient be old The Cure must be wrought by taking away the Cause If a mixture of sharp Humours make the Vrine sharp first make use of Phlebotomy which is good to correct the hot Distemper of the Liver and other parts make use of this Evacuation as often as the Patient's Constitution will bear and the Distemper require then to derive it from the part affected open the lower Veins Then purge with Cassia Manna Rubarb Mirabolans Tamarinds and such things which purge gently if you give it with the Decoction of Plantane Mallows Lettice Purslane and the like it will be the better A gentle Vomit is much commended as a good Revulsion Cooling Clisters are good Inwardly the Whey of Goats milk or Mineral Waters that cool are good for ordinary drink Or this Julep Take of the Roots of Marsh and common Mallows of each one Ounce Lettice Endive Purslane and Violet Leavs of each one Handfull Jujubes and Sebestens of each one Ounce of the four great cold Seeds a Drachm the flowers of Violets Roses and water-Lillyes of each one Pugil boil them in Spring Water to a Pint and an half strain it and add of Jujubes Violets and Poppyes of each one Ounce and an half Oyl of Vitriol twenty Drops make a Julep for four Doses to be taken Morning and Evening If there be no Feaver give Milk by it self The Troches of Winter Cherryes is good If the pain be very great let the Patient when he maketh Water put his Yard into warm Milk or a Decoction of Mallows and other cooling Herbs Or inject Milk Plantane-Water or an Emulsion of the cold Seeds into the Passage Baths and Fomentations made of cool Herbs are good and if the Privities be anointed with Unguentum Populeon the Oyl or Unguent of Roses Oyl of Lillyes and the like it profiteth If the Liver Reins or other parts by their Heat be the Cause use Medicines that are good to cool them If the Liver be too hot bleed the Haemorrhoids or make an Issue in the right Leg. If it come from the Stone Inflammation or Vlcer of the Bladder or Kidneys cure them according to the Rules in their proper Chapters but the cooling Medicines before mentioned are good to allay the Symptomes CHAP. LXX Of Pissing of Blood THough Blood may come from divers parts of the Body to the Passages of the Vrine yet I shall here speak onely of that bloody Vrine which is made from the defect of the Reins or Bladder The usual Causes are much sharp Blood which corrodeth the Veins or plenty of Blood which bursteth them Sometimes a Stone in the Reins or Bladder being moved by Riding or violent Excercise by its roughnesse teareth the part A Fall or Stroak vehement Motion lifting or carrying may break a Vein Sometimes the Weakness of the Reins being not able to divide the Vrine from the Blood may cause this Disease This Disease is apparent to the Senses for when Blood is mixed with the Vrine it appeareth like Water wherein Flesh hath been washed with Clods of Blood at the bottom if it stayes too long in the Bladder it looks black The place that is pained shews the part affected If it come from the Reins it is more mixed with the Urine then if it come from the Bladder If it come from the Bladder it is in a lesser Quantity If it come from the Stone in the Kidneys or Bladder the Signes mentioned in their proper Chapters will appear If it come from Repletion or Sharpnesse of Humours the Abundance of Blood Choller Melancholy or such Humours appear in the Body If it come by a Blow Fall violent Exercise c. the Patient is able to inform This Disease if it be violent and continue long is very dangerous for sometimes the Patient falleth into a Consumption sometimes into the Dropsy Sometimes it causeth a Stoppage of Urine and sometimes an Vlcer breedeth in the place from whence the Blood Floweth If Blood or sharp Humours abound begin the Cure with blood-letting after a while for derivation let the Haemorrhoids and the Saphaena or Ancle-Vein be opened Then purge the chollerick Humours with those Medicines that are prescribed in the 30 Chapter Of Spitting of Blood After you have purged sufficiently give things that knit the Veins and stop Blood For this purpose give four or five Ounces of the Juyce of Plantane and a Scruple of the Troches of Amber or of Gordonius Morning and Evening Forestus in his Observations doth much commend Sheeps Milk six Ounces with one Drachm of Bolearmenick is the Dose The Decoction of Knot-grasse Purslane Horse-Tail Comphry roots Plantane Pomgranats Quinces and the like Likewise the Powder of red Coral Blood-Stone Sanguis Draconis Terra Sigillata given with the Water or Juyce of Plantane is good Giye cooling Juleps to allay the Heat of the Blood Apply such things to the Loins as cool and astringe thus Take of the Roots of Bistort Comphry and Clowns-Wound-Wort of each one Ounce Horse-Tail Plantane Purslane Knot grasse and Shepherds purse of each one Handfull Pomgranate peels half an Ounce Sumach Myrtle Berryes and Hypocystis of each two Drachms Acorn cups red and yellow Sanders of each one Drachm red Roses three pugils boil them in Smith's Water and Vinegar therewith soment the Reins Then anoint the Loins with Unguentum Comitissae and Refrigerans Galeni and if you would have it bind more add the juyce of Plantane or such like Sanguis Draconis c. Then wear a
little and flaggy she feels a heavinesse about the Loius and Hips she hath no appetite to eat nor desire to stirr she hath a shivering by Fits she hath Streightnesse of the Sides and Belly above the Navell and a pain in her Head plenty of Milk flowing from the Dugs shews that the Child is weak and danger of Abortion If pains about the Reins Loins and Share torment the Woman then know that Abortion is hard at hand the same judg if Blood or Water burst out and flow and the Scituation of the Child is changed from the middle of the Belly to the Bottom If any of these or the like Symptoms befall a Woman with Child after any externall cause of Abortion as Blow Fall c. let the Woman betake herself to her Bed and take such Medicines which prevent Abortion Prognosticks of Abortion are thus made Women are more endangered by Abortion then by a naturall and timely Birth because in a timely Birth the Vessels and Ligaments are loosned and opened of their own accord but in Misearriage they are broken in sunder the like you may perceive between the Stalk of ripe and unripe fruit Women many times become barren by Miscartiage because the womb is rent and its natur all disposition much altered Much bleeding seconded with Convulsions raving and fainting is alwayes deadly If an Inflammation of the Womb follow Abortion it is deadly In young Women who never bore Child before it is worst because the passage is narrower and they more unaccustomed to pains The bigger the Child is the more the danger Women who have moist and slippery Wombs do often miscarry and with little danger To prevent Miscarriage you must before and after she is with Child endeavour to remove all evill dispositions of the Body or Womb that may cause Miscarriage if Blood abound open a Vein purge the peccant Humours strengthen the Womb but if the Woman be with Child beware how you bleed except it be in the first month and the Body full of Blood and in this case let Purges be gentle and often reiterated To conclude to streng then the Womb fetch Medicines from the 73 Chapter CHAP. LXXXI Of hard Travel in Child-birth HArd Labour is when more vehement Pains and dangerous Symptomes happen to Women in Travell and continue a longer time There are divers causes some whereof may be assigned to the weakness of the Womans Body Leannesse or Drinesse as well as Fatnesse of the Body her Age or Sicknesses as the Stone or preternaturall Tumor in the Bladder or any Disease of the womb Other causes may be assigned to the Child when its Body or Head is too big when there are two or when the Child is dead or when it endeavours to come forth with his Feet Hands Back Belly or Breech c. A cold and dry Air and Northern Wind streightneth the Body and driveth the Spirits inward and is obnoxious to the Child's first entrance into the world If the Air be more hot then ordinary it is as bad as the former for it dissipates the Spirits exhausts the Strength and introduceth feavourish Distempers into the Bodyes of Mother and Child Meats of a hard digesture or astringing quality taken a little before the time of Delivery Sleepinesse and Sortishnesse the Retention of Excrements all vehement Passions of the Mind want of an expert Midwife and Women to assist the labouring Woman may be causes of hard Labour Hard Labour is easily known to the Woman herself to the Midwife and the Assistants The time of a naturall Birth ought to be accomplished in the space of twenty four houres if the Woman continue a longer time it is hard Labour If her pains be weak and long before they return and more about her Back then Privityes the causes may easily be known many you may gather from the Relation of the Woman in Travell her Leannesse Weaknesse Fatnesse and Age is perceived Diseases of the Womb and Bladder may be known by their proper Signes The Bigness and disorderly Posture of the Child is soon seen by an expert Midwife If the Child be dead you may know it by these Signs the Breasts of the Woman become flat and flaggy her Eyes hollow and troubled her Face and Lips are of a pale and leaden colour her Belly is cold there is a Sense of Weight there is no Motion felt though you apply somthing wetred in the Decoction of Tansy warm to her Navell When the Woman turnes the Child sways that way like Lead If the after-Birth come away before the Child it is a Sign of the Death of the Child And if the Child cometh not away it soon putrifieth and stinketh and stinking Moisture floweth from the womb and their Breath stinketh Hard Labour is dangerous for sometimes the Mother sometimes the Child and sometimes both do lose their lives Sleepy Diseases and Convulsions if they befall a Woman in Travell death is at hand If the Woman be in Travell above three dayes it is likely the Child will dy If the Woman fall a sneezing in her Travell it is good saith Hippocrates If the Child be dead the danger is exceeding great especially if it be not brought soon away for it will cause Feavers Faintings Convulsions dead Sleeps and death it self In difficult Labour first all causes which hinder the Birth must be removed if it be possible then such things as further the Birth must be administred An Ounce of Oyl of sweet Almonds and a Drachm of Confectio Alchermes given in Broth is good Burn white Wine with a little Saffron and Cinnamon afterwards dissolve a little Alchermes this I have found very powerfull to hasten the Birth If you find this Medicine too gentle make a Julep of more efficacy thus Take of the Water of Mugwort and Vervain of each two Ounces the Sirrup of Maiden-hair one Ounce Confectio Alchermes half a Drachm Dittany of Creet and both Birth worts of each one Scruple Oyl of Cinnamon five Drops mix them and make a Potion Oyl of Amber fifteen Drops or the Extract of Saffron five Grains may be either of them mixed insteed of the Oyl of Cinnamon Provoke sneezing and open the lower Veins if need be Then let the Midwife anoint the Mouth of the womb with the Oyl of Lillyes and Sweet Almonds and the like and foment the Belly with a mollifying Decoction and in a dangerous case give a sharp Clister Some things have a peculiar property to help the Birth as the Stone Aetitis Loadstone and Storax held neer the Privityes the Eyes of a Hare taken out in the month of March and dryed use it as the Stones and when the Woman is delivered take them away lest it draw out the Womb. Some commend the Gall of an Hen applyed to the Navell If the Child be dead give the same things before mentioned but it is convenient to make them stronger by adding Savin Water and the Leavs of Savin dried the Troches of Mirrh
Feavers In the Bastard add Agarick Catholicum Diaphaenicon Sena and such as the judicious Physitian shall judg suitable in respect of the Patient's Constitution and the Humors offending But to every Medicine cream of Tartar may be added for it openeth cleanseth and cools If the Patient be subject to vomit go that way to work as I said in the last Chapter Open a Vein draw Blood as often or as much as you see occasion Prepare the Humours with Juleps as you are taught in the last Chapter then purge If the Humours be stubborn and the Fit continue make a Decoction of Wormwood and Century with cool Herbs to qualify the Heat it is much commended after the use of that purge again If there be a Distension under the short Ribs apply an emollient attenuating and strengthning Fomentation What ever part of the Body is ill disposed have a regard to that in all your Medicines The Spirit of Sulphur is much magnified for extinguishing the Heat of Feavers and if the Humours be thin it sends them forth by Sweat give from half a Scruple to a Scruple in four Ounces of Purslane Water Or you may give it thus Take of Salt of Wormwood half a Drathm Spirit of Sulphur a Scruple Carduus Water four Ounces mix them and give the Patient to drink when the Fit approcheth and lay him to sweat Those things which are usually laid to the Wrists by the common people are not to be despised I shall not insert them nor more Receipts for the cure of this Ague First it being my cheifest end to describe the Causes and Signes of Diseases Secondly almost every womans Head is full of Medicines against an Ague CHAP. LXXXVIII Of the Quotidian or every day-Ague THis Ague is caused by Phlegm putrefying in the first Region of the Body therefore all things that breed Phlegm in the Body may be the Cause thereof The Diagnostick signes are such as testify Phlegm to abound in the Body as white colour pale dull Sense Softnesse and Fatnesse Profoundnesse of Sleep and Droaming of Water It comes with a cold shlvering little or noe shaking and for the most part it comes in the Night After the cold Fit the Patient feels Heat but mildly not scorching little Thirst the Pulse is small seldom and slow there is a Distension about the short Ribs the Fits appear more intense or remisse last longer or shotter as the Phlegm is simple or mingled with other Humours the Fit commonly lasteth twelv hours and then leaveth a feavourish Fit behind it Sometimes it lasteth twenty four hours and is almost like a continuall Feaver There is a difference found in respect of the Nature of the Phlegm for salt Phlegm makes the Patient thirsty sharp Phlegm hungry sweet Phlegm sleepy If the Phlegm hath no Tast it maketh him without Appetite Acid or glassy Phlegm by reason of its Coldnesse causeth shaking This Disease for the most part continueth long and is not without danger because it sometimes degenerates into a Cachexia Dropsy or Lethargy The Diet and Medicines must be such as have an extenuating cutting and dividing Quality The Cure must be performed almost in the same Manner as the bastardly Tertian Zacutus Lusitanus doth much commend the Decoction of Roman Wotmwood and Camomill Flowers if five or six Ounces be adminisred And the Decoction of China and Guajacum for many dayes but beware it dry not too much CHAP. LXXXIX Of the Quartane Ague AN intermitting Quartane is caused of Melancholy putrifying in the Body There are two sorts of Quartan Agues viz. a Legitimate and a Bastard Quartane a Legitimate is bred of naturall Melancholy which is the carthly part of our Nourishment in quality cold and dry The bastard Quartane is bred of preternaturall Melancholy which is bred of adust Choller and is hot and dry or by Melancholy mixed with adust Choller A Quartane Ague is either single double or triple the single is that which comes every fourth day The double is when two Fits happen upon two dayes one after another and the third day none The Triple Quartane is when Fits come every as in a Quotidian and double Tertian Diagnostick Signes of a Quartane are the Ague coming every fourth day and Melancholy abounding in the Body it begins with gaping and stretching heavinesse of the Body shivering and shaking follows as if it would break the Patient's Bones The Pulse is seldom and slow the Urine watry thin and white after a while it is higher coloured and thicker The bastard Quartane for the most part follows other Feavers or Agues by which Adustion of Humours is made and in it the Feaver Heat and Thirst is more violent and all the Symptomes are greater because the Humours are thinner A double Quartane is known by the course of the Fits A triple Quartane is distinguished from a double Tertian or Quotidian by Melancholy abounding and by the course of the Fits and chiefly in this that at first it was a simple or double Quartane Prognosticks are thus made This of all Agues is the longest of Continuance some continue half a year some a year and some longer It is good in this Ague for the Patient to void black Urine The bastard Quartane is not of so long continuance as the Legitimate because it proceeds from thinner Humours then the other The Legitimate is not so dangerous as the other which hath many times dangerous Symptomes especially if the Liver Spleen or any of the interior parts be damnified because it is sometimes degenerated into a Dropsy If any aged above sixty fall into the Quartane Ague it proveth mortall If the intermitting Quartane degenerate into a continuall it is for the most part deadly To bleed at the Nose in a Quartane Ague is but a bad Sign because the morbifick Humours are too thick for such an Evacuation If a bloody Flux come upon a Quartane Ague and continue but a while it is good A bastard Quartane is cured almost with the same Medicines which have been prescribed for the Cure of a Tertian to them adding such Medicines as regard Melancholy and free the Spleen from Disaffection Seeing the Legitimate Quartane is caused of Humours that are cold and dry thick and earthly we must use Medicines that do heat moisten and attenuate Let the Patient's Diet be heating and moistning of good Juyce easy of digesture and of thin substance as rear Egs yong Animals and Birds of Mountains Fishes of stony Rivers among Herbs Borrage Buglosse Spinach Fennell Parsly and Turneps Crato doth much commend the Broth of Turneps of Fruits Almonds Apples stewed Prunes Figs Raisons Dates and Pine-kernells Let him abstain from all Meats which are of a thick and clammy Substance and of hard digesture let him drink small Ale or Beer let him eat moderately and on the Fit day six hours before the Fit cometh let him be very moderate in drinking for much drink fills the Spleen and makes the Disease rebellious Having thus
the defects and Eclipses of the Sun and Moon and unusuall Meteors especally blazing Starrs Above all causes let us not be unmindfull of the strict severe Judgment of God for the sinnes of Mankind For many times he is pleased to punish our Sins and Offences by this Judgment as the Scriptures do frequently prove To these non-naturall causes afore mentioned we must add the Retention of Womens Courses the Haemorrhoids in men or some usuall Evacuation Idlenesse or too much Sleep Anger Sadnesse or other Passions of the mind Signes that shew the Pestilence approaching are taken from the presence of Causes before mentioned Those Bodyes are disposed to receive pestilentiall Infection which have collected evill Juyces and Diet and have had a praeposterous use of the non-naturall things afore specifyed The cheif Signes which shew the Body to be infected the Hâ—art is much afflicted Cardialgia and Heart-burning and pain about the Mouth of the Stomach sometimes great Thirst exceeding the Measure of the Patient's Heat somtimes Want of Thirst yet a vehement Feaver and Drinesse of the Tongue Want of Appetire and abhorring of all Meat and vomiting up what ever Food Drink Juleps or Emulsions is given and their Thirst continue and the Tongue black A frequent and inordinate shivering which comes divers times in a day Wearinesse and Heavinesse of the whole Body Pains of the Head Watchings and Ravings Some are very drousy and sleepy then judge that the Brain is full of phlegmatick Excrements To some there happen cholerick Fluxes which stink very much Frequent Sweats small short and unprofitable do break forth the Heat is mild and gentle to the Feet because the Disease is caused rather by a malignant and venemous Quality then by Putrefaction Rednesse of the eyes and sometimes a frowning or a furious look Sometimes abmndance of Worms are voided which shew a great Putrefaction The Urine is sometimes like the Urine of a sound man if a malignant Quality doth rather offend then Putrefaction sometimes it appeareth thick troubled and high coloured and hath a thick red and scattered Sediment On some purple Spots like Flea-bitings Carbuncles and Risings in the Groin behind the Ears and under the Atmpits Those Spots upon the Bodyes of the dead which are of a Lead-colour or black do especially denote the Pestilence No certain Prognostick can be drawn of this Discase therefore the discreet Physitian ought to suspend his Judgment of the issue thereof For many have died notwithstanding many hopes and testimonyes of recovery and on the contrary many have escaped with most mortall signes Yet it is lawfull for the Phisitian to give his conjecture thus If the Pulse keep a Tenor and equality there is some hopes on the contrary if it be inordinate unequall and contracted it is dangerous If the Pulse be like the Pulse of an healthy person it is dangerous because it is a sign that Nature doth not labour to concoct the Humours for her own deliverance Raving is not dangerous if it be lessened by Sleep but if it turn to dotage and continue there is little hope Contractions convulsive and trembling Motions are deadly for it shews that the Brain is mortally wounded and that Nature is overcome by the Disease Deafnesse at the beginning is dangerous but in the state of the Disease it is not so for many times health follows Sneezing is laudable Heart-burnings Hiccoughs and extream Loathing do portend danger and that the Stomach is over mastered by the Malignant quality of the Humours Suppression of all Evacuations in the beginning and state of the Disease is good provided that the Malignity doth not settle in the head or near any Principal part The Urine that is like the Urine of a healthy person is bad the same judge if they be thin thick confused or troubled Urines which have a laudable sediment and well concoct are good and shew a strong naturall Faculty to expell the Venome An Urine black or blew fat and oyly with a black or blewish setling shews a wasting of the Body and is a deadly Sign Sweats seldom portend good though it happens on a criticall day unlesse it doth much diminish the Feaver Sometimes a Loosenesse of the Belly at the beginning is good and sometimes it is a deadly Sign Spots the more laudable the colour is the better if they be black or Lead-colour and go in again it is dangerous Carbuncles and Buboes the farther from the Heart the better and the sooner they ripen the safer The Cure ought to be two-fold first to preserve those from it who have it not secondly in healing those that have it First to preserve take away the causes both internall and externall If the Body be plethorick let Phlebotomy abate it If full of evill Humours let them be purged If obstructed let means be used to open Obstructions If the Body be in a good state labour to keep it so If it be too moist babour to dry it and avoid all moist Nourishments and much drinking eat no Fish Meats made of Milk nor Herbs walk not in the South Air or neer Lakes nor in the Night fleep not too much If the Body be weak use a restorative Diet. If the Air be too hot labour to cool it as we taught you in continual Feavers if it be too moist correct it by fires and fumes as also to consume and dissipate the infection of the Ayre make fires and fumes of sweet Woods and other sweet sented ingredients as Cypresse Wood of Aloes Juniper Storax Labdanum Mirrhe Benjamin yellow Sanders Ireos Storax Frankinsence Cinnamon Cloves Red-Rose-leaves Calamint Bayes Rosemary and such like Let the common sort of people and the poorer sort carry Rue and Angelica to smell to and take in the morning fasting and when they go abroad Mithridate's medicine Mithridate Venice-Treacle and such like Let the Rich man use of this Pomander Take of Labdanum and of the Rinds of Citrons of each one drachm of the three kinds of Sanders of each half a drachme Wood of Aloes flowers of Buglosse Nenuphar Rose leaves of each two Scruples a lipta Muscatae half a scruple Cloves and Marjoram of each one scruple Zedoary root one scruple Benjamin one drachm Storax Calamita one drachm and an half Camphir half a drachme Musk and Ambergreece of each sour Grains Powder them and with the Musilage of Gum-dragant made in Rose-water make a Pomander and let them make use of this Preservative Take of Bolearmenick prepared half an ounce of Cinnamon three drachms of white Dittany the roots of Angelica Gentian and Tormentill of each two drachms the root of Zedoary Red Roses of all the Sanders Harts-Horn the leaves of Scabious and flowers of Buglosse of each one drachme of Juniper-berries Nutmegs and bone of a Stags Heart of each half a drachm of Pearls prepared two Scruples of Saphir Jacinth Emerauld Ruby and Granate prepared and leaf-Gold of each one scruple powder them all and with Syrrup of Vinegar or Lemons make
condition escape If black or blew Spots come forth among the Pox it shews great Malignity and the Patient in great danger If the Excrements and Urine be black or livid they signify abundance of Melancholy and great danger For the Cure keep the Patient in a warm room and if you tender his life keep out the cold Air lest the Humours be driven inward Keep the Cloaths close about him but let them not ly too heavy Let his drink be Barly-Water and boil therein Sorrell Roots and Harts-horn and Figs if the Feaver be not violent let his Sleep be moderate Physitians for the most part advise the Cure to begin with blood-letting that is if the Patient be full of Blood and nothing forbid it but it must be done before or just as they be coming forth Purges are absolutely forbidden but if the body be very costive move it with a Suppository but do not provoke it Then endeavour the expulsion of the Matter thus Take of the Roots of grass Asparagus and Fennell of each four Ounces Liquorish half an Ounce Wood Sorrell two Handfulls twenty Figs the cordiall Flowers one Pugill make a Decoction to a Pint towards the latter end put in a little Saffron take four Ounces Night and Morning Bezar and Gascoins powder is good to send out the Pox and for Children Diascordium is a familiar Medicine We must endeavour to preserve the internall parts if you fear that the Liver Spleen or Guts should suffer to the former Decoction add husked Lentils two drams Gum Lac and Traganth of each one Drachm You must defend the Eyes with the Water of Roses and Plantane and infuse Camphir Saffron and if the Inflammation be great infuse Tutty You must defend the Lungs with the Conserve of Roses and Violets the Sirrup of Violets Jujubees Myrtles dried Roses Poppyes and such like You must defend the Throat with a Gargle of Oxycrate or you may make it with Plantane Water and Sirrup of Mulberryes or Pomegranates To defend the Nose put up a Nodulus made of Vinegar Rose-Water and the Powder of Sanders and Camphir When the Pox are out full ripe and begin to break anoint them often with the Oyl of Almonds it will be a means to prevent their pitting and where there are likely to be holes anoint with the Oyl of the yolks of Egs. The End of the Second Book The Third Book HAving in the former Book been more voluminous then I expected I shall be briefer in this and treat more theorically then practically And leaving the Description and Cures of Wounds Tumors and Ulcers in particular to the ingenious and expert Chirurgion I shall run over their Causes Signes and Cures generally and as briefly as may be CHAP. I. Of a Green Wound A Wound is a breach of Continuity fresh and bloody without Putrefaction or Matter It is caused by a Sword Bullet Arrow or such like which the Chirurgion may easily perceive Wounds in the flesh are easily cured in the Nervs Veins and Arteryes they are not without danger In the instrumentall principall parts as the Heart Liver Lungs Brain Spleen Midriff Wezand Stomach Guts or Bladder are deadly A Feaver Perturbation Swooning Convulsion and such like Symptomes are dangerous The Cure must be directed first to the cause secondly to the Wound itself thirdly to the part affected lastly to the Symptomes attending The Cause or outward things viz. a Bullet Arrow or such like sticking in the Body must be drawn out by Instruments or by Medicine what concerns the first I shall not meddle with the medicinall part I shall breifly handle The Simples availeable and of force for the purpose aforesaid are The Roots of Reeds and Birthwort the Leavs of Dittany Crow-foot Missletoe Thapsia Sagapenum Ammoniacum Opopanax Quick Lime burnt Frogs Galbanum Bears grease the Load-stone Mustard-Seed and such like Of these and such like you may prepare compound Medicines This Unguent of Vesalus is much approved of Take of Rozin of the Pine tree two Ounces Galbanum three Ounces of the Stone called Calamites one Ounce the Gall of an Ox one Ounce and an half of Turpetine three Ounces New Wax two Ounces first strain out the Wax Rozin and Turpetine after mix the Golbanum Gall and the Powder of the Stone and make an Unguent This Plaister is likewise good for the same purpose Take of Leaven one pound Oyl half a pound the juyce of Knot-grasse and Dittany or for want of it the Powder of the dried Herbs of each three Ounces Turpetine one pound The Bird Lime made of Missletoe Berryes Ammoniacum Galbanum and dissolved in wine of each one Ounce of Wax four Ounces mix them upon the Fire and make a Plaister Having thus far proceded and removed all things unnaturall from the Wound then must the Chirurgion if the Solution be great artificially join the gaping sides of the Wound by Seam Taches or stiching cloths and such like which I omit and shall lay down a few Rules to prevent pain Inflammation or other untoward Accidents which may happen to the wounded part or whole Body Inflammation is restrained by taking away the Cause of the Fluxion Now the Humours flowing to the part are either drawn or sent They are drawn by reason of the Pain and Heat of the Member which doth attract the Humours to it self They are sent thus when the whole Body is full of evill Humours and every part disburtheneth it self upon the weaker The Inflammation of the Part must be allayed with such Medicines that quench Heat and the Body must be purged and such a Course of Diet used as may somewhat free the Body from such Humours which are offensive and burthensome to Nature But before I come to treat of the removeall of such Accidents and evill Symptoms I shall briefly shew you the manner of Cure which ought thus to be performed After closing of the Wound dresse it with some agglutinative Medicine made of such Simples viz. Frankincense Mastich Aloes Rolearmenick Sanguis Draconis Sarcocolla Terra Sigillata Balaustines Pomegranate Rinds Cypresse Nuts Galls Horse-tail Tobacco and such like You may make a Balm thus Take of Turpetine a pound of Galbanum Gum Elemy Gum of Ivy Frankincense Mastich Myrrh of each two Ounces Aloes Lignum Aloes Galanga Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon Cubebs of each one Ounce Aqua Vitae three Ounces infuse and distill them to a Balm After the Application of this or the like Balsome lay on this Plaister Take of Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar two Ounces Gum Elemy three Ounces Rozin of the Pine tree five Ounces Turpentine of the Fir-tree three ounces Oyl of Roses two Ounces make a Plaister Open it once in twenty four hours till it be whole thus may you cure a simple Wound in the Flesh If the Wound be hollow you must put in Tents twist them not too hard but so that the Sanies may come forth If the Wound be deep without losse of Substance you must consider whether the
Creature which inflicted the Wound were not venemous the pain is less and the danger not so great and the Cure easily performed by ordinary Medicines CHAP. IV. Of a Wound in the Nerves Tendons Ligaments Veins and Arteries VVHether Nerve Tendon c. are wounded may be easily conjectured and how and with what weapon it was done the Patient will be able tâ— inform If a Sinew be burnt there is great pain hurt both of sense and motion sometimes a Feaver Inflammation Convulsion or raving a breach or wound of a Vein or Artery is known by profusion of bloud But whether the Vein or Arterie be wounded their proper figns must distinguish viz. the bloud black and thick with an equal fluxion sheweth a wounded Vein but if the bloud be thin and yellow and cometh forth leaping like the motion of the Pulse then is the Artery wounden The Nervous Ligaments will endure Medicines of great force If in Wounds of this nature a Tumor appear and afterwards vanish away it threatneth danger of Convulsion and Raving If a Nerve be wounded overthewart and not cut alunder it brings the move peril of Convulsion An Artery cut overthwart is sooner joyned together then if it were severed longwise An Artery cut is harder to cure then a Vein Flux of bloud is peril lous especially of an Artery for unless it be stopped it bringeth death unavoidably Swooning Convulsion Raving c. in this case is an evil token For the Cure if the Nerve be priekt begin thus If there be any weapon or any outward thing sticking in the Wound let it be removed and keep the part from in jury if you fear inflammation open a Vein Let him lye in a warm Room on a soft bed and keep the body loose by Clisters or laxative Medicines regulated according to the nature of the humour peccant Let his Diet be sparing and small Beer his Drink Let him lye as free from motion as may be let not the cold Air which is inimical to the Sinews afflict him not too hot Air for fear of inflammation Keep the Wound oren if it be not wide enough makeit wider then use such Medicines that may ease the pain and draw forth the eruginous and fretting matter Medicines which heat and dry without pain is good in this case as the Oyl of Turpetine Ireos Sage Elder or Water wherein Salt and Turpetine hath been boyled the Oyl of Earth-Worms and of the yolks of Eggs mixed or the Oyl of Roses and Turpetine or the Oyl of Turpetine and of Savine mixed or Euphorbium one drachm boiled in two Ounces of Oyl For which purpose this Plaister is good Take of the Roots of Marshmallows the Meal of Barley Beans and Lentils of eaeh a like quantity as much as you think good boil them in Lye then put to it Oyl of Roses Camomel Dill and Turpetine of each sufficient and a little Saffron so make a Plaister If the Wound will come to suppuration heal it forward and afterwards mundify it If the Nerve be cut after you have observed the asorelaid general Rules joyn the Nerve then apply this Medicine Take of Karth-worms prepared three drachms Horstail two drachms Betony and Nettles in powder of each one drachm Olibanum three drachms encorporate them with the slesh of Snails beaten and apply it four days laying on some Glutinative Unguent Take of the lesser Century Plantane Hounds-tongue Mouse ear both the Consonds Horse tail and Yarrow of each one handsal Earth-worms a pound and an half Oyl and Wine of each one pound and an half Vinegar sour ounces stamp them and let them infuse 7 dayes then add the Suet of a Ram one peund Pitch and Rozin of each sour ounces boil them to the consumption of the Wine and Vinegar add to the straining Ammoniacum Gathanum Opaponax dissolved in Vinegar of each 5 drachms Turpemine one ounce and an half Frankincense Maslick and Sarcocol of each three drachms Of Saffron two ounces Wax as much as needeth to make an Unguent Both these are much commended by Jacobus Weckerus If the Vein or Artery be cut you must first labour to stanch the bloud Secondly to cure the Wound First the bloud may be stanched either with or wit hs out Evacuation With Evacuation is to open a Vein on the contrary part and sometimes near the Wound and to let it fly and suddainly stop it again To stay the bloud without Evacuation must be performed by cupping with scarrifying binding and rubbing of the contrary part Secondly you must bridle the furious course of in by things that thicken cool and astonish Things which thicken the bloud are Rice Lentils Jujubees Quinces and all Stiptick Fruits Cold Water drunk or laid upon the member near the Wound doth astonish it It the Vein or Artery lye so that you may easily come at it ty the end with fine silk stitch up the Wound and apply astrictive Powders upon it and upon that lay on the like powder mixed with the White of an Egg with Stuphs This Powder is good Frankincense Aloes Terra Sigillata Bolearmenick and Senguis Draconis of each equal parts pouder them finely and with the white of an Egg and the hairs of a Hare let it be applyed Or this Take of Lapis Haemitatis one ounce Frankincense Mastich Bolearmenick Cobwebs green Galls dried Frogs Soot white wall and the Meal that lye upon the walls of Mills and Bake-houses of each two drachms Burnt Vitriol Quick-lime and Gum-Traganth of each three drachms the shaving of the skin of a Ram or He-Goat Paper-cards the hairs of an Hare and cotton torrified of each one drachm Asses dung half an ounce make it into fine powder and use it as the fermer The accidental Symptomes both of this and other Wounds you shall have in a Chapter by themselves with their Cures CHAP. V. Of Luxations and Fractures A Luxation or Dislocation is the slipping of a joint from his Natural Position and proper place into some strange and unwonted seat whereby voluntary motion is hindered A Fracture is a division or breaking of the bone the causes of the first are either outward or inward outward causes are falls strokes extension wrenching or the like the Patient is able to inform you The inward causes are filthy slimy and Phlegmatick Humours falling between the joynt as it many times happeneth in the Sciatica Causes of Fractures are things of weight falling upon the place or the Patient falls from on high slippeth or such like A Dislocation is known by these signs viz. a Tumor in the part where the bone lies a pit or cavity in the place from whence the bone is departed great pain a difficulty or deprivation of motion in that member The bone broken is easily seen but whether the Fracture be overthwart or long ways you may discern thus If it be overthwart by seeling you may discern the bone several and disjoyned the bones make a noise and crackling when you handle each side
in the part which before it cometh to suppuration causeth a Tumor Rednesse heat and pain but when it is suppurate the Tumor is soft yielding and growing to a point a pricking and beating pain last of all the skin breaketh and the pus issueth out somtimes if the humors be thin and the skin of the same nature the Tumor may be resolved without suppuration To this Tumor happeneth evill accidents somtimes if the Chirurgion want care or skill Sometimes it turneth to corruption and is seen by its leaden black colour and stinking savor Somtimes the matter maketh a regression and the Tumor diminisheth but the whole body is inflamed with a Feaver and such like accidents And somtimes it turneth into a Schirrhous hardnesse In the cure the Antecedent cause must be first removed Therefore first let the Chirurgion open the Liver-vein or any other vein which he finds hath more affinity with the sending part if he see good he may bleed him in the opposite part for a revulsion and derive the matter to some part adjacent by cupping frication or Ligatures and apply to the part affected medicines that cool and repell or beat back the flowing humors and of this sort are these simples Acatia Vinegar Balaustines Bolearmenick Camphite sealed Earth Myrtles Pome-granate Peels unripe Grapes Vine-leaves the leaves of Cyprus Plantane Oake Sumach Night-shade Henbane Housleeke Lettuce Purslane Roses and such like Of these you may make somentations or Cataplasmes to be used in the beginning of the Tumor to hinder and beat back the blood which floweth to feed it Take this caution that in some cases these medicines ought not to be medled with to wit when the humor is Malignant or thick or if the Tumor be Criticall Or upon some of the Glandulous parts Next you must deale with the conjoyned cause or the blood impact in the part affected If you judgo that the blood is thin and apt to be discussed discussing medicines are to be applyed This Cataplasm is good Take the leaves of Mallows Melilot and Camomell of each one handfull the seeds of Dill Flax and Fenugreek of each half an ounce boyle them to the Consumption of the Water then beat them in a Stone-Morter and add to it the oyle of Dill and Camomell of each one ounce a little Honey and Leaven and make it into the form of a Cataplasm But if the matter be thick and not fit to be discussed then labour to bring it to suppuration For which these Simples are proper Warm water Butter Wheaten Bran or Wheaten bread the grease of an Hogg Calfe Goose c. Grease tryed from the Wool of a Sheep Rozin Pitch Figs Saffron Frankinsence c. Of these you may make Cataplasms and remove them twice a day If the hot intemperature doth stirr up a Fever let the diet be ordered and such medicines administred as the nature of the Fever requireth see the second book among the Chapters of Feavers when you find it very soft and well suppurated open it with a Lancet where it is softest and in the most convenient place for the matter to come forth afterwards mundifie incarnate and Cicatize it A Carbuncle is a Sanguine Tumor the antecedent cause of it is black thick hot and faculent blood flowing to the place the conjoyned cause is the settling of the blood in the part as you have heard before The signes of a Carbuncle are sometimes but one and somtimes many small pustu'es like burnt blisters which being broken a crusty Ulcer ensueth If it be pestilentiall the crust is black or Ash colour about it rednesse Inflammation and grevious pain the Patient is troubled with Loathing Vomiting losse of Appetite Palpitation of the heart and Swooning Carbuncles for the most part are attendants of the Plague and Epidemicall causes If they come upon the Emunctuories there is very great danger lest the venemons humors fall upon some principall part If it break out about the Stomach or Jaws there is danger of Choaking If the colour be first Red after Yellowish it is laudable but if it be black or blew it is dangerous If the accidents which accompany the disease vanish there is hepes In the cure first have regard to the antient cause which is thick hot blood and must be altered and evacuated to alter the quality of the blood give him broath of Chickens with Lettice Purslane Pomegranates and Lemons and his drink Barly-Water give him medicines cooling and concocting as Juleps made of syrup of Vinegar Pomegranates Citrons Lemons and Endive and the distilled water of Lettice Purslane and the like But if the Pestilence be present you must have respect to the malignity and give such medicines which strengthen the Heart and Vitalls See the 90. Chapter of the second Book the quantity must be diminished ether by blood-letting cupping or medicines as gentle Purges or Clisters in all which be well advised if the Plague be present If there be a great fluxion of blood to the part lay on discutients and repressings discutients you have before Take this caution that you apply gentle ones in the beginning and stronger when the matter is gathered to lay defensives to the adjacent parts as the Oyntment of Roses Bolearmenick or the oyle of Mittles and Vinegar also attractives are convenient as hot Bread the warm Lungs of beasts new killed the taile of a Cock made bare and a little Salt put into it and applyed or young Pidgeons slit alive and applyed warm The cause conjoyned must be taken away by Chirurgions or Medicine first scatifying of the Tumor if nothing orbid it deeply and wash it with warm-water Horsleeches are good When the matter cannot be dispersed or otherwis delt with you must apply such things as have an altering or ripening quality as is aforesaid If the Carhuncle be very venemous this is commended viz. Take a great Onion and cut off the head of it and pick out the core or middle part fill the hollow place with good Venice Treacle pasle on the head again with a little Leaven and roast it in the Embers when it is soft pill it and beat it in a Morter and apply it warm to the Sore and renew it every 6 hours This Cataplasm is much commended Take of Onions and Garlick heads of each of them four one Lilly Root the Seed of Flax and Fenugreek of each one spoonful Snails with their shâ—ls four or five sour Figs Leaven as much as a Walnut Barrows grease as much as two Walnuts beat them all in a Morter very well warm it and apply it Then you must mundifie and heal it but if there remain a crusty Escar you must resolve it for which purpose this Plaister is good Take the flower of Wheat and Barley of each three ounces with the decoction of Mallows Violets and Althea Roots and make it into a solid Plaister then add to it fresh Butter and Hogs grease of each two ounces the yolks of two new laid Eggs. This
corrupt and their proper signes appeare in the body If the weaknesse of the retentive faculty let it go the body is weak the face is pale or some disease hath preceded which hath weakened the Liver If it cometh from an Artery it cometh with great force hot pure and fresh if from a vein that contrary appeareth If it come from the Liver Spleen c pains extensions or inflammations in those parts will declare it If blood issue out of the Nose upon a judiciall or criticall day it is a good signe and is not to be stopped if it flow not immoderately But if it happen in the beginning of a disease it is symptomaticall and dangerous If the Liver be affected and the blood issue out at the right Nostrill it is good and if the Spleen be affected if the left Nostrill bleed it is good the contrary to any of these happening is bad If the Haemorrhagy continue long it cooleth the Liver and causeth a Dropsy Likewise bleeding is very hurtfull to Melancholly and Flegmatick people as also to such as have a quartane Feaver For the Cure you must consider whether the Haemorrhagy be Criticall or Symptomaticall If it be Symptomoticall you must endeavour suddenly to stop it Iâ— it be Criticall immoderate and the constitution not able to endure it without prejudice you must do the like you must begin with revulsions of which blood letting is the cheise you must open a veine on the Arme on the same side the Nostrill is that bleedeth you may draw as much blood as the strength of the Patiens will beare Apply Cupping-glasses behind to the Shoulders and Armes to the Hypocondria but make use of this after sufficient blood letting for feare of an inflammation of the Liver Forrestus commendeth the application of Cupping-glasses to the feet others commend an actuall Cautery Throw cold water into the face on a sudden which doth repell the blood It is good to put a Cloath dipt in Vinegar to the neck behind another to the Cods and to snuffe up Vinegar and water into the Nose and hold the mouth full of it as long as any thing is snuffed up take up the fume of Vinegar thrown upon an hot Iron Foment the Forehead and Temples with water and Vinegar cold Vinegar put into the Eare on the same side on which the bleeding Nostrill is is good Then apply a Cataplasm made with the juice of Plantane Nightshade Vinegar of all a like quantity and Bolearmenick sufficient to make a Cataplasme which must be laid to the forehead from Temple to Temple Or thus Take of Sanguis Draconis Terra Sigillata and Bolearmenick of each a drachm Rose Vinegar and the juyce of Nightshade of each one ounce the Whites of two Eggs with the distilled water of Red-Roses and Plantane make a Cataplasm and apply it as before If you perceive that the veins of your forehead are swelled bind a six-pence or a dry bean slit upon the root of the Nose between the Eye-brows Also the powder of Hoggs-dung blown into the Nose or mixed with the juyce of Nettles and a Tent dipped in it and put up into the Nose hath an excellent property to stop bleeding Others commend the Powder of a dried Toad put in fine red Sarsnet and put under the Arme-pits or held in the hand It is convenient likewise to make use of those things which have a faculty to close and glutinate the Veins Take of Bolearmenick Sanguis Draconis Aloes and Cobwebs of each two scruples white Vitriol burnt Egshels and Paper of each one scruple powder them finely and blow it up into the Nostrills to prevent its coming into the mouth hold the mouth full of cold water and Vinegar or else you may mix it with the whites of Eggs beaten to water and the juyce of Plantane and dip a Tent in it and apply it If hitherto you are succeslesse you must make use of Escharotick medicines of which burnt Vitriol claimes the preheminency powdered and used as before but if you feare to use it alone adde the same quantity of Dragons blood Bolearmenick and Frankincense A dram of the powder of Spicknard drunk in the morning in broth is very good If the disease doth often invade the Patient let him make use of inward medicines which have power to Coagulate thicken coole bind and restraine its motion Take of dried Knotgrasse Fumitory and Bistort root of each half an ounce the Troches of Spodium and Amber Terra Sigillata and Sal-prunella of each half a dracbm Corall burnt Harts-horne and Bloudstone of each one scruple powder them Conserve of Roses and Quinces of each two ounces with the syrrup of the juyce of Plantane make an Opiate of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Nutmeg five or six times in a day To conclude if it be inveterate let the peccant humor be diligently evacuated and if it hath its originall from the disaffection of any other part as the Liver Spleen Womb Kidneys c let that be considered and their Cures sought in their proper Chapters CHAP. XX. Of the diseases of the Tongue THe Tongue being the cheife instrument of speech and tast a very necessary though unruly member it is not amisse if we consider and breifly treat of the distempers incident to it by which the actions are hindered This member is subject to inflammation and Tumors which have their originall either from pure Cholerick Flegmatick or Melancholly blood If pure blood cause the inflammation there is paine felt with heat and rednesse of the Tongue and face and this is a true Flegmon If the Tumor hath its originall from Choller then is it called Erisipelas if from Flegme Oedema if from Melancholly Schirrhus all which may be discovered by the humor predominate and shall be more plainly discovered in the next Book where I shall treat of Tumors and their kinds These Tumors are somtimes only troublesome but do not oftentimes endanger life except they grow so big that the body is endangered by suffocation or a malignant melancholly humor do breed a Cancer which may be discovered by its hardnesse blewnesse and pricking paine you must begin the Cure with blood-letting and if you can come at it open the Veine under the Tongue afterwards if you see occasion open a Vein in the Arme and draw away as much blood as the Patients strength will permitt You must purge the humer with convenient purgatives or administer a sharp Clister Some do draw back the humors by Cupping-glasses fastened to the shoulders or a little one under the Chin. Cooling and repelling Gargarisms must be used and you may prepare them thus Take of the distilled water or decoction of Plantane Nightshade and Sorrell of each four ounces the syrrups of Mulberys Pomegranats and Lemons of each one ounce let the Patient often wash his Tongue Zacutus Lusitanus commendeth the application of Horsleeches to the Tongue If you find it inclinable to suppuration you must help nature