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A90749 Platerus golden practice of physick fully and plainly discovering, I. All the kinds. II. The several causes of every disease. III. Their most proper cures, in respect to the kinds, and several causes, from whence they come. After a new, easie, and plain method; of knowing, foretelling, preventing, and curing, all diseases incident to the body of man. Full of proper observations and remedies: both of ancient and modern physitians. In three books, and five tomes, or parts. Being the fruits of one and thirty years travel: and fifty years practice of physick. By Felix Plater, chief physitian and professor in ordinary at Basil. Abdiah Cole, doctor of physick, and the liberal arts. Nich. Culpeper, gent. student in physick, and astrology. Platter, Felix, 1536-1614.; Cole, Abdiah, ca. 1610-ca. 1670. aut; Culpeper, Nicholas, 1616-1654. aut 1664 (1664) Wing P2395A; ESTC R230756 1,412,918 573

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sharp Also remove other Impediments as glewing of the the Eyelids together which is painful when they are opened the glew therefore slime or sand must be gently taken off with the hand and Rose water if need be in which some Mucilage or white of an Egg is Other filth that is in the Eyebrows before the Pupil especially to hinder the sight must be gently thrust to the corners and there taken out When tears flow the less you wipe your Eyes if they be sore the less you wil offend them but if you must dry your Eyes do it gently by pressing not wiping Blood-letting is good against sore Eyes if the pain comes from flux of blood thither as in an Ophthalmy and Aegilops and in an Ulcer or Wound when we fear a new flux of blood by reason of pain especially if there be Inflammation and Plethory or fulness then they must bleed much and often in the same or divers veins the Shoulder-vein in the Arm is opened for Revulsion or that which appears most on the same side the Eye is sore while blood flows to the Eye according to the Arabians also in the Thumb or Foot some open that between the Shoulder-blades When we intend to fetch the blood and derive it from the part where it is we open nearer veins as in the Forehead Temples or under the Tongue Or some wil in the fore part of head And it is good to take blood from the Nose any waies As we shewed in Head-ach opening of an Artery is excellent against an Opthalmy or great old pain of the Eyes or an Epiphora which hath continued long for when the serous humor descends by the outward Veins which causeth weeping there is a certain Cure Paracentesis or a Seton or opening of the skin of the Head at the root of the hinder part and so putting a skein of Silk or Hair through it to keep it open is the last Remedy in an Epiphora to divert the flux In a long flux whether Epiphora or Ophthalmy or the other it is an excellent way to burn or cut an Issue in the Neck opposite against the sore Eye or in the middle of the Nape or in the coronal suture of the Head Cupping-Glasses are good in all fluxes whether blood or water in the Eyes alone or with Scarification especially if it be blood they must be applied to the sides of the Neck upon the Shoulders and Arms and repeated often if need require for they revel and derive mightily Some highly esteem of Scarifying of the Ears on that side the Eye is sore I should like of better the making an Issue in that part of the Ear which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Hircus or Goat and the same is excellent in an old Tooth-ach Leeches applied in Head-ach are as good as other bleeding And Friction of the body to revell Also to loosen the Belly with Clysters or Suppositories to clense the Guts before bleeding or with Laxatives is good These revell also if often given they may be made more mollifying or sharper as you please as we shewed Also light purging to take away the binding of the Belly which hurteth the Eyes and to take away the first excrements must be given in all cases as in Inflammation lest stinking vapors should offend but we must take heed of hot things in them without cool to temper them These are also good in a false Ophthalmy which hath no inflammation but heat and redness in which stronger may be used especially in the progress of the Disease when tears begin to molest Examples of these are in cholerick Diseases and in Head-ach from a hot cause but add to them alwaies things proper for the Eyes Prepare first thus Take syrup of Violets an ounce syrup of Water-lillies and of red Roses dired each half an ounce with Vervain Rose and Plantane water make a Julep drink it often Then purge thus Take syrup of Roses an ounce and an hal syrup of Violets an ounce Diagridium two or three grains with Endive and Rose water drink it Or Take syrup of Roses solutive with the Infusion of Senna which is thought proper for the Eyes an ounce and an half drink it with Whey Or Take Cassia an ounce Electuary of juyce of Roses two drams with Sugar make a Bolus or give it in Bugloss water Or Take Rhubarb four scruples yellow Myrobolans a dram sprinkle them with Wine to take out the strength then infuse them in Rose and Violet water strain them and add syrup of Roses an ounce Or this Decoction Take Fennel roots half an ounce Cordial flowers a pugil Fennel seeds half a dram Violet seeds a dram Tamarinds an ounce Prunes six yellow Myrobalans three drams Senna two drams boyl and dissolve syrup of Roses or Violets half an ounce The Pill Sine quibus proper for the Eye doth the same in half a dram If water flow to the Eyes and tears fall we use stronger purges and hotter especially in Epiphora or Ophthalmy when the humor is not so hot and in Ulcers with Fluxes as in the weeping Fistula they are almost the same prescribed in melancholick and slegmatick Head-ach A Preparative Take Honey of Roses an ounce syrup of Bettony and Maiden-hair each half an ounce with Celondine Bugloss and Succory water and a little Sanders give it and repeat it Or When a Flux is more than heat Take syrup of Hysop an ounce of Staechas and Bettony each half an ounce with Fennel Vervain and Eyebright water make a Potion Then purge with cooling Purges while redness and heat remain but if Flux and tears are most use things to purge flegm and if the Disease be old Epiphora or Ophthalmy or Ulcer repeat them often These are the best Pils of Fumitory Sine quibus or Lucis majores a dram of either with Eyebright Vervain or Fennel water or syrup of Staechas Or Pilcochie or Aggregative may be given Or Diacarthamum Diaphoenicon or our Diacaryon and other purgers of flegm and water with proper waters for the Eyes Or this Decoction Take Fennel roots an ounce and half roots of Calamus and Liquorish each an ounce green Fennel Eyebright Vervain Celondine Fumitory each a handful Rue half a handful flowers of Rosemary Stoechas and Roses each a pugil Fennel seeds and Siler montane each two drams Senna two ounces and an half Carthamus seeds bruised two ounces boyl and infuse in it hot Agarick three drams Rhuharb two drams this is used in watry fluxes Spikenard half a scruple strain them and with Cinnamon and Sugar give it three mornings If this purgeth not sufficiently give Pils We have shewed fit Purges for the Eyes in the Cure of slegmatick humors in the Brain producing weakness of sight And how the Head and Stomach is after to be strengthened In a hot Cause it is not good to purge by the mouth or Nose for that wil inflame them and cause bleeding and inflammation of the Eyes nor sneesing
Gouty and such as have flegmatick and serous humors Or give syrup of Roses with Rhubarb of Eupatorium with Rhubarb of Apples by King Sabor of the juyce and Senna or that of Fumitory Epithymum Polypody Myrobalans Tamarinds Cassia of Epithymum compound or that of Fumitory Myrobalans Tamorinds and Agarick of Succory with Rhubarb of Diasereos and the like Or that of Apples and Hellebore Thus made Take Bugloss and Borage roots and all each two handfuls Fumitory Eupatory Chamaepytis or Groundpine Germander Madenhair each a handful Bugloss Borage and Staechus flowers each apugil Raysons stoned an ounce tops of Time and Epithymum each half an ounce Senna an ounce and an half Polypody two ounces black Hellebore steept in white wine three drams Schaenanth two drams boyl them and add to the straining Juyce of sweet Apples twelve ounces Sugar two pounds make a syrup Another by Montanus made of Senna Rhubarb Myrobalans Epithymum Polypody bark of black Hellebore six drams with an ounce of Cloves and four ounces of Liquorish boyled to five pints Or this purging Decoction for five or six doses Take Dock roots three ounces Grass Asparagus Kneeholm Elicampane Liquorish each an ounce and half Fumitory and Mercury two ounces Polypody four ounces Succory Dandelion Sowthistle Bugloss roots and all Scabious Fumitory Hops Mercury Maidenhair Eupatorium Endive Liverwort Sorrel Violets Lettice Balm five or six handfuls Cordial flowwers Water-lillies Moulin flowers four pugils Budds of Hops tops of Thyme and Epithymum each a pugil Aniseseed two drams Seeds of Dodder Melons and Sorrel each a dram Carthamus bruised three ounces Raisons stoned two ounces Prunes six pair Sebestens or Jujubes eight pair Tamarinds an ounce and half infuse the Seeds and Roots in a pint of white Wine then add as much Water with a little of the Decoction of Lignum vitae or Wormwood-water boyl and strain ad sugar and Cinnamon give it often as Ishewed If you will have it work more infuse three ounces of Senna or four or make it into a syrup with half a pound of Sugar give it as you find it works or mix it with Water of Bugloss Fumitory Maidenhair or the like or with Pulp of Cassia or Tamarinds make an Electuary you may add also Diagredium to make it stronger You may also boyl Soldanella with the Decoction of Senna or for the stronger people three or four drams of black Hellebore and add an ounce of Myrobalans at the conclusion rub'd with Oyl of Rhubarb or Agarick or Mechoacan with their Correctors and after straining add Sugar to make an Apozem or Syrup and it will be better Or add to the Decoction Syrup of Fumitory Docks Hops Apples Bugloss Roses or take a good quantity of the Juyces of them and infuse therein Senna Rhubarb Agarick or make a Syrup Or Take Juyce of sweet Apples four ounces Juyce of Roses three ounces Juyce of Fumitory and Plopps each two ounces Juyce of Dock roots and Beets each an ounce and an half Juyce of Mercury Borage Bugloss Sorrel each an ounce boyl them with as much Sugar and with Cinnamon make a syrup You may if you please add Senna and Rhubarb A purging Wine for five doses Take Dock roots or Monks-Rhubarb two ounces bark of the Roots of Tamarisk or Ash and Danewort each an ounce Fumitory budds of Hops Mercury Agrimony Maidenhair Wormwood each two drams Peach and Cordial flowers each a dram Anise-seeds two drams Senna two ounces Thyme and Epithymum an ounce Mechoacan or Briony roots half an ounce Ginger a dram bruise them for five or six pints of Wine and steep them therein you may ad Sodanella and a little black Hellebore which is safest in Wine Or Take eight measures of new Wine add twelve ounces of Senna Mechoacan Sarsa Sassaphras each three ounces Wormwood two handfuls Another Decoction for other Diseases and the Scab to be taken thirty dayes it prevents and cures Take Guaicum an ounce Sarsa six drams Roots of Succory and Liquorish each half an ounce boyl and strain them and for one dose infuse Senna half an ounce Mechoacan a dram Ginger half a dram strain and add Syrup or Juyce of Roses half an ounce Balm water an ounce Give it at once An Infusion or Decoction of Hellebore is good as in other stubborn Diseases made of the small Roots of Hellebore that which is called black Astrintia or that with a green or purple Flower which are greater then the white Hellebore though this may be used in strong Bodies take off the Bark and cast away the Pith which may be softned in Wine if it will not come off Take a dram or four scruples of this bark two drams of Senna infuse them in wine or Oxymel if it be white Hellebore or Aniseseed water add Cloves Cinnamon Ginger boyl gently and strain them add the Decoction or Raisons and Prunes or Syrup of Polypody or of Roses Or you may make an Extract of black Hellebore by often Infusion and give a little thereof A certain Emperick cured all Scabs and other stubborn Diseases with the Decoction of Stibium calcined and Sarsaparilla You may also use Potions and Electuaries as of Tamarinds Cassia Manna Lenitive Diacassia Diaprunis Diacatholicon or stronger with Scammony as Diaprunis solutive Diasebesten of Juyce of Roses Diaphaenicon Troches of Violets or Electuary of Lapis Lazuli Confectio Hamech Diasenna Pills of Fumitory Agrimony Rhubarb and Pills of Lapis Lazuli or of the five Myrobalans After Purging sweat to send out the sharp Humors in both moist and dry Itch for though it dries the Body more yet it takes away the cause For Nature in Impetigo and Psora tends that way as we may observe Therefore use not only hot Houses often but when the Itch is stubborn and returns continue them a month with Decoctions of Guaicum and Sarsa as in the Pox but not with such slender Diet least by drying the Body within you sharpen the Humors alwayes Purging every third day by which we have often cured them Use Alterers to amend the Constitution and a sparing Diet but not so as to exasperate the Humors Let the Diet be of good Nourishment temperate and moist rather then dry and cold rather then hot Take heed of salt sharp and spiced Meats and Wine that inflames the Body too much Let the Air be good the sleep temperate and let them exercise often to breath out the Excrements by insensible Transpiration Medicines must be given to alter the sharpness of the humors that are cold and moist to correct the Distemper of the Liver and open Obstructions As Conserves Candyes Syrups Waters of Bugloss Violets Roses Succory Water-lillies Maidenhair Citrons Pouder of Trionsantalon and Diarrhodon And others mentioned in hot and melancholy Diseases Also give sharp Spaw-water for many dayes or Troches of Vipers with Conserves in Psora and Elephantiasis and a dram of Gum Lac with three ounces of the Decoction of Myrtles is good to preserve against Impetigo Many in Psora and
of water thereto boyl it to half and strain it This they may drink freely at Meate and othertimes and it will not be unpleasant when they are used to it especially if you add a little Cinnamon or Sugar or Raisons boyled therein others add many things as Liquorish which causeth a Physical tast and make them loath it except you put Wine to it which is allowed but in great weakness Sleep is allowed not only at night but in the morning and before supper when they Sweat because it doth not only provoke sweat but being at rest they better indure it Let him walk about the Chamber use Frictions or Rubbings especially after Sweat let him Comb and Rub his Head Also You must keep the Belly loose which is apt to be bound by fasting and sweating Let him beware of Venery and refresh his Mind with Sport Discourse and Musick You must alwaies purge before you begin to give Guiacum for sweating to void the thick Humors and Excrements And somtimes you must purge in the time of the Dyet the rather if the Body be fowl that the Cure may proceed the better because it helpeth the operation of the Guiacum by taking away the cause of the Disease And because no certain humor as was shewed produceth this Disease therefore you must direct your purges to the constitution and to the quantity and quality of the Humors and Excrements Thus First give an Emollient Clyster to take away the Excrements from the Guts that may clense and be sharp such as are prescribed in many places Or a Suppository or give Cassia Manna some mollifing Decoction the the Infusion of Rubarb syrup of Roses Solutive syrup of Peach flowers Catholicon and other mild Electuaries or gentle Pills or Lozenges such as are Mentioned in other Diseases These being administred If the Body be ful let blood in the Arme which is not needful in the Flegmatick and leane Bodies except used to it Then prepare the Humors as we suppose they abound if they be Cholerick or sharp with syrup of Fumitory Hops Bugloss Mayden-hair Endive Succory Violets Apples or the like with proper Waters as of Scabious and the like and so let him take thse Juleps some daies together before Purging When they are Flegmatick and ful of pain we add the syrup of Stoechas or French Lavender which is very good made of Bettony and Hysop also Honey of Roses and the like with the waters of those Plants or of Calamints Bawm c. And when there is pain about the bones the water of ground pine and Prim-roses You may also prepare with Decoctions made of the same Herbs We put Spices as Cinnamon into those Juleps and Decoctions to make them pleasant Or Trionsantalon Diarhodon Aromaticum Rosatum Or give a Lozenge thereof after it Many times we purge and prepare at the same time mixing gentle purgers with the preparatives when they are weak and Cholerick or stronge purges when they are Flegmatick and Lusty Proper for the Humors we intend to oppose especially such as purge watery Salt and sharp Humors when there are Spots and Ulcers such as were prescribed in divers Diseases especially in the Itch. Or if there be pain about the bones we must give such as are prescribed in the Diseases of the Joynts from watry Humors We give these Apozems or Decoctions for five or six daies to prepare and purge Thus made Take the Herbs following with the Roots Succory Endive Dandelion Docks Sorrel Bugloss Capillar Herbs Scabious Germander of all five or six handfuls Fumitory Hops pot Mercury of each one handful Asparagus or Kne-holm and Grass Roots of each two ounces Cordial flowers three pugils red Roses two pugils Tamarisk flowers one pugil Prunes ten Raisons three ounces Sebestens or Jujubs twenty of the four great Cold seeds and Annis seed of each half an ounce Fennel seeds two drams Boyl them in Water or in the Decoction of Guiacum strained which is more proper And infuse Senna three ounces or four Polypody Carthamus seed of each two ounces Epithymum two drams Boyl them again and then add Sugar or Honey to sweeten it with a little Cinnamon In moist Flegmatick Bodies add these following Calamus Aromaticus or Galangal one ounce and an half Elicampane Bettony Majoram each one handful Rosemary and Lavender flowers of each one pugil tops of Time one pugil and an half Figs twelve Caraway seeds one dram and those that purge water bark of Elder and Dwarfe Elder one ounce and an half or stronger purgers Agarick or Rdubarb half an ounce Turbith three drams Soldanella two drams or in strong men who commonly have this Disease Hermodacts two drams in the pain of the bones Or half a dram of the Pulp of Coloquintida tied in a cloute which is strong or one dram and an half of black Hellebore If there be pain in the Head and Bones you must add things good against it and against Poyson as Tormentil roots and the like you may use the Decoctions mentioned for the Itch as that which begins thus Take the roots of Docks three ounces of Grass c. Or you may give purging Wines made of the simples of the former Decoction infused therein or that prescribed in the Itch. After preparation or purging with preparation we use strong purges if we suppose the Body not purged sufficiently we give strong Purges divers waies by adding to the last draught of the Decoction an Electuary or the like that purgeth or another Decoction Electuary or Pills considering the spots Pustles Ulcers and Pains Commonly they purge Melancholly that suppose it to be the cause of the Pox and therefore they give Confectio Hamech and Diasenna also Pills of Lapis Lazuli of Fumitory and others mentioned in Melancholly Diseases And we allow these in strong people because they Purge Choller and sharp Humors of all sorts Other Purges also mentioned in the Cure of the Scabs and if there be pains about the bones Pils of Hermodactils stinking Pils or Pilulae faetidae and others mentioned in Arthritis And many others mentioned in other Diseases which have both Scammony and Coloquintida which are used indifferently though many think they should purge but one Humor But Empericks and Chyrurgions presently purge without preperation before they use things that Evacuate by the habit of the Body and without choice of purges or careing what Humor so they do but purge sufficiently Therefore they give the strongest And among the rest Wine wherein an Apple of Coloquintida hath been all night infused or that wherein some of the lesser Spurge Seeds have been insused or they bid them swallow the seeds or they purge at first with the Decoction of Hellebore such as we mentioned in Cure of the Itch where we shewed how the Empericks cured the Itch and other Diseases only with Stybium infused which is good here also As also how good purging at first in many perverse Diseases hath excellent success as with the dry leaves of true
hissing in the Ears as in Hurt of Hearing Chapter the eight Page 80. The Smelling is also Abolished Diminished or Depraved as in defect of Scent and Depravation of scent of these in Hurt of Smelling Chapter the ninth Page 87. CHAP. I. Of a Weakness of the Minde The Kinds of it A Weakness of the Minde may be said to be whenas any one is less able in Apprehension or Wit in Judgment or Reason and Memory then an ingenious and industrious Man Which somtimes happens in Diseases at other times befals those that are not Sick but otherwise Well of which we will here Treat But somtimes these internal senses are all of them together dulled Dulness of the Minde and both Wit Judgment and Memory fail and then it may be called a dulness of the Minde Otherwise some want Wit when they scarcely learn to speak Of slowness of Wit and they apprehend Learning and other Arts with difficulty and it may be called a slowness of Wit Somtimes they are void of Judgment Imprudence a defect of judgment in judging of those things which they have apprehended and this may be called Imprudence For the most part the Memory is weakned when they hardly retain those things which they have apprehended and learned and it s called Oblivion of which fault many do complaine Oblivion especially the Aged and therefore Physitians have made mention of that only almost in their Cures The Memory impaired under their Titles of the Memory impaired whereas the defects of the other internal senses also have the same Causes and the same Cure which we shall at once apply to them all The Causes But the Brain which is the organ of these senses The Part affected is here affected the which notwithstanding is not so vehemently hurt that these internal senses are wholly abolisht or together with them the external senses also and motion as it doth happen in grievous hurts of the Brain But that more or fewer senses are weakned and those more or less that happens according as the whol substance of the Brain is affected or only part of it not as the formost middle or hindermost ventricles are affected as some would have it furthermore these things vary according to the Nature of the Disease with which the Brain is afflicted as shall be said Some have contracted and derived this weakness Haereditary from their Parents by inbred Causes Weakness a Cause of the Mindes weakness whence it often comes to pass that as the ingenious and industrious do beget their like so drones beget drones which is easily collected by their Signs that they were such from their Infancy and had such Parents This happens to some by reason of Age whence old folks become for the most part forgetful and somtimes dul by reason of the defect of native heat unless it happen from some distemper of the Brain as shall be said by and by A Concussion or blow of the Head leaving behind it some weakness in the Brain may also be the cause of it Also too great a shedding of Blood from what part of the Body soever or some other too great evacuation exhausting the Spirits on which score also too much Venery doth very much impare the senses especially the Memory Also a Disease of long continuance destroving the native heat especially of the Head as after a Carus also after Melancholy and Convulsion we have seen men become very forgetful Or a Malignant Disease or proceeding from some Poyson of which nature perhaps that was which given to Ulysses companions by Circe took away the remembrance of all things past the which also somtimes Love Potions have done and the unhappy use of Narcoticks may do the like One writes that by reason of a Wound struck deep into the seat of the Eye one did so far loose his Memory that he was fain to learn a new the grounds of learning whenas before he was skilled both in Greek and Latin Also when the Functions of the Minde are more remisly imployed then the native heat growing dul with idleness and not brought into act they proceed but singgishly Which also may happen upon the contrary reason to wit if the Minde be disquieted with too much study thoughts watchings cares Yet when the Memory for the most part is first hurt especially in the aged their judgment notwithstanding continues acute That it doth not happen to them only by reason of weakness though by this means also it may happen may be elegantly collected thus because their Minde which through the whol space of their life hath received so many Species Images and Conceptions of things is so overwhelm'd with them that it cannot long retain those new ones which it receiveth as if there were no more place left for them whence also it comes to pass that old men do firmly retain to the last those things which they apprehended when young but those things which they treat and think of now strucken in Age they indeed do easily conceive and they judg right and well but they presently forget them again in like manner after some sort as we see most old men to see and judg of things far distant more rightly then of those neer hand the which notwithstanding doth proceed from another cause as we shall explaine in the weakness of the Sight Furthermore and if the Minde be distracted with divers Studies and be overwhelm'd at once with many things it comes to pass that the sense being Intent on many things is not only less fit for each particular but also that while these things do confound one another and one is hindred and obscured by another as when two griefs molest one part the more vehement is wont to obscure the other the Memory of that which is weakest doth presently also vanish The imperfection of the instrument also doth make the internal senses more languid The fault of the instrument is a Cause of the weakness of the Minde In tender Infants whose Brain is yet more soft and fluid and not yet perfected by grouth it performs but dul operations In those of riper age also if the Brain hath not obtained its just bulk and then for the most part they have a smal Head An uncomely Figure of the Brain and a perversion of its Scituation caused either by Nature or by Violence doth cause the same which is hardly known unless the Head answer to the form of the Brain The Temperament of the Brain changed from its Natural state The temper of the Brain changed doth cause a weakness of Minde as yet not producing more grievous Diseases of the Brain doth also cause that sluggishness of the internal Senses And that especially when it is more moist then it ought to be by Nature which Physitians hold to be the chief cause of the Memory impaired and that because in a more moist Brain and therefore softer the Images of things imprinted can less remain But we
believe that comes to pass because it becomes more languid to exercise its Operations But the cause of this Moisture somtimes depends on some cold and moist Disease of the Brain foregoing from which though for the most part it be taken away yet this moist constitution imprinted on it doth remain which also may be from external causes of the Air and Medicines But this defect is known to proceed from Moisture because then they are sleepy and by other signs of a moist Brain Also a more dry constitution of the Brain is held to be the Cause because they hardly apprehend things and because in a dry Body things are more difficultly imprinted and many also do teach that this Driness may be the cause of Oblivion and declare the Cure of the Memory impaired by Dryness whenas after burning Feavers after too much watching and study the memory becomes treacherous which we have taught formerly to happen rather from a weakness contracted thence The Cure The defect of the internal senses is incurable if it happen from a weakness contracted from the Parents A Praediction or by reason of Age or from some eminent hurt of the Brain or if it arise from a perverse conformation of the Brain Also that praeternatural constitution imprinted on the Brain whether it be moist or dry is hardly corrected yet for the correcting of that to which Physitians do chiefly apply their Cures in treating of the Memory hurt we also shall shew the manner of operation how those faults may at least be corrected if not wholly taken away Exercise As it doth set an edge on all dul functions The Cure of the weakness of Minde from weakness and a too moist temper of the Brain and as it were bring them into Act may also do good here in the operations of the Minde if they be dulled by reason of the sluggish and remiss use of them Also in a weakness although it can scarce be mended since that the native heat is renewed by exercise and custome is a second Nature the exercise of the Minde may do somwhat at least in this But in a moist temper of it when as the agitations of the Minde doth consume Excrements it will do good This may be done by often exercising these Functions of the Minde those especially which are done with pleasure since nothing is to be done against Nature and those either all together or singly the Wit if they learn to speak learning languages and arts by which the apprehension and Wit is made acute which otherwise growes dul by idleness The judgment if they discerue and judg of things especially things scrupulous and that often as we see many ignorant of law by use to have acquired a natural knowledg and prudence in the laws They may whet the Memory by studying to remember and retain and committing other arts to Memory in which this is particularly to be observed that those things which are conceived and repeated in the evening after supper before sleep do remain more firmly imprinted in the morning Also a rest of the Functions of the minde being wearied with too much use and watchings and so at length weakned doth much refresh them Which is done if they moderat themselves from the too much study of knowing or handling of things and from the immoderate affections of the Minde if they sleep at due times and as much as is needful whenas sleep is the rest of the Minde and by it the internal actions of sense are respited unless in some sort they do a little exercise themselves in dreams As concerning Evacuations if the sluggishness arise from a too moist constitution of the Brain and there be plenty of Excrements in the Brain they must be emptied successively as is wont to be done in Diseases of the Brain arising from flegmatick and serous Humors which may be done by this Method The common Excrements must first be washed away with this fallowing Clyster or the like as Take of the Herbs Mallows Marsh-mallows Pellitory of the Wall Beets Mercury Betony Sage Hysop of each one handful the flowers of Chamomel Melilote Elder Lavender of each one pugil Bran one pugil Fennel and Caraway seed of each three drams make a Decoction Dissolve in it of the juyce of Mercury one ounce of Honey one ounce and an half Oyl of Rue two ounces of Benedicta Laxativa or some strong Hiera half an ounce of Salt one dram Make a Clyster Then the humors must be prepared with this Decoction Take of the Roots of Orrice the true Acorus Elecampane of each half an ounce Pellitory of Spain it helps the Memory much Galangal Ginger of each two drams the Herbs Betony Marjoram Time of each half an ounce Balm two drams the flowers of Lavender or Spike Sage French Lavender of each two drams Rosemary flowers three drams Liquorish six drams Annis and Fennel seed of each one dram and an half Caraways one dram Cubebs half a dram Make a Decoction in Wine and Water And in a pound and an half of that strained Dissolve of Honey or Sugar as much as is sufficient Aromatize it with Cinnamon and Nutmeg For five or six mornings A Wine may be made with the infusion of these with the Honey and Sugar if they like sweet things if not you may substitute Wormwood in their room with whose smel they are much delighted and abhor not the bitterness of it The same may be done with Syrups if less pains and more gratefulness be required Take of the Syrups of Betony and French Lavender Honey of Roses of each half an ounce of the Water of Betony and Marjoram a double quantity Aromatize it with Cinnamon Let him drink as often of it as was said of the Decoction This being done Purge the Body with these Pills Take of Cochiae Pills two scruples of Castor t is peculiarly good half a scruple with sweet Wine Make up Pills Or with this potion Take of the electuary Diacarthamum two drams or one Dose of any other Phlegmagoge of Agarick infused in Oxymel one dram Syrup of Liquorish one ounce the Waters of Balm and Betony as much as is sufcient And make a Potion This being done and the Brain strengthned as it ought to be after purging if the Head be stil excrementitious these things may be repeated presently or at fit time or by interuals Which may be done by a Syrup which may be prepared out of the precedent Decoction adding Senna wild Saffron Agarick Turbith to which we may add Sea Fennel since that if it be new it doth purge Flegm and with an addition of Sugar and Honey Boyl them to a consistence Also the usual Pills that purge Flegm may be made use of Wines are less proper if they ought to be kept long when as they do easily corrupt but if purging be to be used for five or six daies together they may be made of the same things as the Decoction was infused in Wine Also if
can cause a Carus and by its heat a Feaver and one and the same thing can be cold and hot when as contraries are inconsistent in the same subject we shall assign a far different cause of a Lethargie by and by when we treat of a Carus caused by consent and that not much different from the Carus which follows Fevers They teach also that flegm not simply but mixt with choler doth cause a watchful stupidity or Catalepsis for this reason Fleam causeth Sleep Choler Watchings and so from the mixture of contrary causes are produced contrary effects which indeed might be if they were in divers places but two contraries mixt and confounded in the same subject do produce a certain middle effect or rather one compounded of them both than contrary for which reason these causes were found out rather from the effect than their certain signs that they might shew by what means at the same time a man might be stupid and watchful not sleeep since t is impossible to sleep and watch at the same time and attribute to each its proper humors Blood also continued as yet in the ventricles of the brain Blood the cause of a Carus and Apoplexy as there is at other times a great quantity of it there so it abounding more yet if it be more crude serous cold by oppressing the brain may make it more stupid or by cooling it may make it sleepy The which doubless a pain of the head praeceded and somtimes doth still remain its companion and this is known by a fulness of blood and redness of the face Aetius tels us that from much blood abundantly and suddenly overwhelming the substance of the Brain that Species of a Catalepsis is generated from which a yong man was freed by a flux of blood from his nose which flux of blood being often accustomary in solution of Diseases by natures motion cannot therefore argue this Disease proceeding from blood for which we shal propound another cause as we can neither grant that lighter species of it called an Aphony when the voice only is intercepted to proceed from a fulness of blood intercepting the passage of the animal spirit as Hollerius writes for which we shal by and by alleadg another cause Neither can we allow that an Epilepsie which some also have delivered from plenty of blood possessing the Ventricles of the Brain and obstructing the passages of the spirits doth arise from this humor and after this manner As neither from Blood or a melancholly or Cholerick juyce from which some teach that species of a Catalepsis is generated which is wont to happen to persons melancholical and by reason of the coldness and driness of that humor the spirits to be so congealed as was said in the like distemper which we have denied to be for that reason and from Melancholly we have thought to proceed melancholly accidents rather than those of a Catalepsis unless some other cause be joyned as shall be said neither can we by any means admit an Fpilepsie also to arise from the same obstructing the Ventricles as some have spred abroad these opinions when as the aforementioned affects as lasting no longer but seazing and ceasing by course have no fixt cause in the Brain but happen that being affected only by consent as shal afterwards be declared The Blood carried out of the Vessels if infused into the substance of the Brain it breeds not an Inflammation and then a Phrensie would follow but it obstruct the Windings and Ventricles by suddenly filling of them and it oppress the beginning of the Nerves then it causeth a Stupidity and Apople y●● as it often happens a Vein being broke and that somtimes by reason of a fulness of the Vessels especially in those in whom some accustomary Haemorrhages of the Courses Haemrods or Nose are stopt in whom yet living and after their death I have observed that a great quanttity of blood hath broken forth from their mouth and nose that somtimes I have perswaded my self that this was the chief cause of an Apoplexy The same may happen from an external violent cause as a Contusion of the Brain from a Blow or Fall although the substance of the Brain be no waies wounded that the blood also may fil up the Cavities of the Brain and its substance in those places especially where it is contused as Women do daily see comes to pass in the Brain of Buls killed with a Hatchet whenas they first purge the Brain from the clotted blood before they boyl it fromwhence it must needs be that an Apoplexy doth suddenly arise unless the blood presently break forth by the Nostrils Ears and other parts or adjoyning passages as sometimes also it doth or if the fall be lighter there follows rather a lighter obstupulesency though oftentimes also the flux of blood turned into clots and retained a long time if it putrifie it causeth a Phrenzy Convulsions which before death do follow Lethargies and Apoplexies and kill the Patient But also from the same violent external cause if the substance of the Brain be hurt by Contusion or by cutting or pricking seeing it is a principal part whose action is then destroyed it must needs be that an Apoplexy doth suddenly follow A hurt of the Brain is the cause of a Stupidity Apoplexy Or if the Skull be only broken thereby or deprest so that it press the Brain lying under it it happens also that a Stupidity doth follow Or if from some stronger force the bulk of Brain rush together and press the beginning of the Nerves an Apoplexy likewise follows all which are made manifest from the causes foregoing A hard preternatural Tumor A Tumor of the Brain is the cause of a Stupidity and Apoplexy affecting rather by its weight than distemper causeth a Stupidity by degrees ingendred with the Tumor but of long continuance which is hardly discovered till after death the Skull being opened as was found in Noble Bonecourtius who for some years like to one astonisht as was said before lay Stupid viz. a great hard Glandule being generated over a callous body with plenty of humor which watring the Brain did cause a sleepiness joyned with a Stupidity as we have formerly expounded this kind The cause of which might be a blow with which he was struck on the head although it were done a long time before he fel into the disease but they being ignorant also of the true causes of a Catalepsis phancying many other besides those above mentioned they have thought also that it might proceed from a Tumor of the Brain And some also have writ that a Lethargie doth proced from a flegmatick Imposthumation the which whenas we have formerly shewed that a Fever could not be caused from any cause lying in the brain the same we assert cannot happen here and some also have held that an Abcess may be the cause of it the which notwithstanding generated in the brain from hot
Nerves also and other parts t is no wonder that these are somtimes born as we have described either deaf or dum or crooked or or otherwise faulty the which certainly is the chief Cause of Original Folly as somtimes this apparent Deformity of theirs doth shew somtimes t is not discovered but by opening after Death So also we do not deny that this may happen from an evil Distemper of the Brain Distemper the cause of Foolishness the which notwithstanding seeing it cannot be rightly explained nor corrected is no further to be enquired into It hath been somtimes found out that a certain black speck in the brain or membranes discovered by Dissection A speck in the brain the cause of Madness hath been the Cause of Madness as sometimes also Putrefaction bred in some part of the Membranes of the brain Putrefaction in the Brain the Cause of Madness from which t is likely that filthy Vapors being continually raised did trouble the Spirits which some also have delivered may happen from Worms generated in the Brain Worms in the Brain the Cause of Madness which hidden faults seeing they are first manifested after Death by opening the Skull we can hardly conjecture what they are while the Man lives unless in General from this because other signs are wanting here which should demonstrate other Causes The Cure In the Cure the Causes must be distinguisht and the Remedies fitted to them which we said were either a malignant Spirit or a drunken or poysonous Quality an agitation or perturbation of the Spirits a bot Distemper and some faults of the Brain The preternatural Cause proceeding from the Divel as it doth no waies belong to the Physitian The Cure of those possest with the Divel so neither the Cure for the Divel is forcibly expel'd by the Prayers of Divines and godly people in the Name of Jesus as Christ cast forth Divels and gave his Disciples that Power but also the Divel somtimes feining himself of his own accord to be put to flight by certain Words and Ceremonies of men doth delude Mortals If Drunkenness arise from Wine and other inebriating things as hath been said The Cure of Drunkenness from a temulent quality after some hours the Vapors being discust especially by the intervention of sleep they come to themselves of their own accord and if Vomiting follow it it is good upon which account Avicen thought it good to be drunk once a month But if they continue this Course of life the Nerves being weakned by reason of their frequent stupidity which is discovered by this even then to come to pass if presently after that they have not yet drank immoderately they begin to stutter and stumble they become Tremulous Paralytical Gouty Hydropical as shall be said in those places Therefore that they may have a Care of themselves they are to be admonisht from Drunkenuess and to be frighted by declaring the Danger of it and if they cannot refrain some have delivered that this may be effected that they shall wholly loath Wine by strangling an Eele in Wine or a Frog or the barbel Fish or the Rotchet Fish being putrefied in it or the Sea Grape and that Wine afterwards being drunk off But if sometimes a Necessity of drinking and contending in Cups do urge as this is brought into use as a Civil thing at Banquets to the great hurt of mankind for prevention it hath been observed that these things following being taken before do prevent Drunkenness or at least wise make it more gentle Five or fix bitter Almonds eaten before meat Wormwood also whose Wine notwithstanding the Swillers do use rather the day after a Fox that they may correct their Stomach offended with Choller whenas to contemperate that they fil themselves with drink again from whence these Verses If thou be hurt by drinking over night Rise early to 't this Medicine is full right Rue because it makes the Cup safe as the Verse sounds is commended for this use which I think is rather said so because it preserves from Poyson Coleworts taken at meat hinder Drunkenness and so doth its Seed If one drink Milk fasting he shall be safe that day Pliny teacheth that the Lungs of Creatures roasted eaten and do keep of Drunkenness other express by Name the Lungs of Sheep One writes that the pouder of Swallows burnt being taken will not suffer one to be drunk to Aeternity A pouder hindring Drunkenness may be made thus of which give one spoonful with Austere Wine Take of the seeds of Coleworts one dram Coriander half a dram Camphire two grains make a pouder A more Compounded one may be made thus of which give one spoonful or two drams with Wine of Pomegranates or with some other acid stiptick or with cold Water or with Sugar let it be reduced into the form of Lozenges Take of the seeds of coleworts one dram of Plantane Purslane Bar-berries each half a dram Coriander prepared two drams flowers of red roses water-lillies red Sanders each half a dram Mastich Amber each one scruple burnt Ivory one scruple salt half a scruple Camphire six grains make a pouder This may be used in the form of an Electuary and given before drinking Take of conserve of Roses the Rob of Currance and Barberries each half an ounce bitter Almonds branched and bruised twelve seeds of Coleworts one dram red Roses one dram Syrup of Slots as much as is sufficient make an Electuary An elegant Syrup of which one ounce ought to be taken before they drink Wine Take of the juyce of white Coleworts sour Pomegranates Currance each two ounces Vinegar one ounce boilthem together for your use They are less foxed who drink larest not till their stomach is well filled with Victuals but they quickly who hasten to drink Wine fasting or presently at the beginning of a Meal Outwardly Ivy applied to the Head like a Garland or the Juyce of it moved to the Head keeps off Drunkenness Also the wearing of an Amethyst ston● is beleeved can do the like But to cure those that are already drunk that the wine may do them the less hurt Vomiting doth very much help or if you give them acid things presently at the end of the Meal or the sooner the better and let them be taken plentifully because as it was said in Narcoticks they weaken the efficacy of the Wine of which sort are these following Frumenty of Milk and Barley flower with Vinegar also sour Milk as it is wont to concrete Sour Apples eaten also acid Peaches and their juyce as also Quinces The Heads of Coleworts condite and Rapes till they grow acid as our Country men are wont to prepare them do very much help Vinegar drank diluted with water or taken by it self in a good quantity is an Antidote against Drunkenness with which a certain eminent Foxer for a long time being dayly drunk was wont to guard himself that he might take no hurt by it
boyling hot whiles it is empty and the vapors then being hindred are the more freely carried upwards it happens that the said accidents are troublesome to the cholerick whiles they are yer fasting and that upon the taking of meat because the vehemency of Choler is abated and the vapors represt they grow milder and at last cease the which happens also the vapors in the head being discust of their own accord and so much the sooner by how much they are more subtile till new evaporations being made these evils do return but it is known that this proceeds from Choler by the bitterness of the mouth and gnawing at the mouth of the stomach which they call the heart and by other signs of this humor which also somtimes brings with the same labor a pain of the Head too with a Vertigo The same vapors proceeding from the Mesaraick Veins in which the cholerick juyces are wont oftentimes to abound as hath been shewed elsewhere as by those vapors raised from the same place and carried upwards by the Veins and Arteries intermitting Feavers hypochondriacal Melanchollies do invade a man by intervals so also they oftentimes raise the said symptoms which is done the vapors being carried upwards from thence through the Veins and somtimes through the Arteries which are annext to the Mesaraick Veins then especially when those vapors are subtile that they induce rather these accidents than Perturbations of the mind which hath been shewed do rather proceed from their malignity the which therefore do somtimes produce Vertigoes only or as they are qualified Images and Scotomies together with them or without them which we had rather alleadg as the truer cause than Pretend Crudities from which Wind rather than these like Vapors are generated But also from some other seat of the body these like vapors raised from a thinner blood through the Veins and Arteries may cause the same as from that part which is about the Womb as the Courses being stopt this symptom also doth happen as other also oftentimes upon this account and from some part of the Foot or of another member a vapor proceeding like to some Air being carried upwards as we have observed it hath been the Cause of an Epilepsie so also of a Vertigo whence somtimes Vertigoes go before an Epilepsie and presage that wil presently follow when from the like vapors vellicating the Brain Epilepsies also may be caused as shal be said in its place But the cause of these diseases sometimes consists in the Head it self in which not only spirituous hot and plentiful blood collected may cause the same as hath been said formerly but also from humors contained there the like Vapors raised and mixt with the spirits may produce these accidents which we do beleeve doth arise rather from the Blood of the Vessels and Ventricles of the Brain and the humors mixt with it than from flegm the which also we do not deny to be a cause of the Vertigo but not because it sends forth vapors but after this manner now to be explained 'T is certain that a Repletion of the Brain caused by a watry humor The Fluctuation of a watry flegmatick humor in the Brain is the cause of a Vertigo as well that Serous as Flegmatick doth cause that Vertigo which is wont to precede and threaten an Apoplexy or Carus which being frequent and of long continuance unless it be prevented is wont to terminate in these Diseases with great danger of life but it doth not this by cooling and moistning the brain seeing this agitation of the spirits which is in a Vertigo would so rather be hindred than promoted but this comes to pass when filling up the windings and spaces of the Brain by its great plenty filling the Skul and also generating plenty of Wind which are oftener ingendred from waterish humors than Vapors it waves in it for then as in the cover of the heart water abounding doth cause a Palpitation of the heart when it is stirred so here also it every where filling the Brain when the Head is moved the humor being stirred and following the motion of the Head as we have said of the spirits it gives such a sense to the head which doth sufficiently appear by their relation who complain of such a fluctuation and the Skul being opened we have often found an immense plenty of this humor as hath been said in an Apoplexy and in him in whom even now we said that the Arteries too were grown hard we have found so great plenty of it that the Skul being opened it hath come forth by floods the which together with that obstruction of the Arteries producing a double cause of the Vertigo made it so lasting and incurable in which that humor for continuance watring the Brain had bred that Carus of which he died But it is known that this is the cause of a Vertigo not only from that sense of fluctuation but also from other signs of flegm abounding explained in a Carus and Apoplexy to which those that are prone become at once sleepy and more stupid and at last fall into these Diseases unless prevented By occasion of the Visory Nerve implanted into the Eye and dilated like the form of a Net The Visory or Net-like Nerve in the Eye is the cause of the hurt of seeing most discommodities of the fight do happen seeing that is the principal Organ of seeing and that for the most part by consent of other parts when by reason of them it is disappointed of those things which are required to Seeing viz. the spirit and the proper object or else it cannot rightly enjoy them for otherwise being immersed in the Eye 't is so grounded that 't is scarcely troubled with any disease unless by consent of the Brain It is disappointed of the Animal spirit either altogether in blindness A Privation of the animal spirit in the Net-like Nerve is cause of Blindness or darkness of sight or in part in a weakness of the sight by reason of the Optick Nerve such as are Distemper Compression Hurts and Weakness proceeding rather from the defect of spirits than that fansied thickness and subtlty of them The same happens also the spirits flying from the visory Nerve towards their beginning in the Eye prest a long time and by consequence the Net-like Nerve by reason of humors filling up the Eye it sometimes happens that they are afterwards so long blind til the spirits return again And also the spirits being too much idle in the visory Nerve and as it were laid asleep or being retreated when there is no use of them the Nerve it self being made dull in those who being kept in darkness for a long time as in Prison or other dark places have seen nothing for a long time when they return into the light they scarce recover their fight or slowly or never any more And seeing the Animal spirit hath a constant need of the vital this by swooning
largenss of the Nostrils we often see in others and somtimes we try it in our selves But the chink of the Larynx scarce labors of any other Disease unless when by consent it is hindered or prest by the neighboring parts as from the Vertebrae of the Neck Luxated of which hath been spoken already For it can scarcely happen that it be relaxt more than is fit by a Humor seeing it is convenient for it alwaies to be moist that it should be torn seeing it is a thick Membrane is impossible as also it is very hard to be wounded The passage of the rough Artery or Wind-pipe The binding of the pipe of the rough Artery is the cause of Suffocation from the Head even to the Lungs if it be intercepted by outward force the Neck being bound up as shal be said in the Gullet it brings strangling and if it be prest by the first Vertebrae of the Neck luxated it causeth difficulty of breathing which Hippocrates called the sixth sort of Squinzy The rough Artery can scarce be filled otherwise with things that fall into it but as I said breathing may be stopped about the sides thereof And they that are drowned are not choaked so much by the Influx of Water as by the hinderance of the passage of the Air. And if any thing fal into the passage and hi●●er breathing it is by its sticking fast and causing a continual Cough The connexion and Obstruction of the Lungs are the Diseases that cause a Dyspnaea The Cause of Dispnaea or difficulty of breathing is the connexion of the Lungs with the Breast The connexion of the Lungs with the Convex part of the breast being streighter than it should be suffers them not to move freely and makes them short-winded in motion This by Anatomies hath been found to have been natural to some and to others from a fall or Pleurisie The Obstruction of the Lungs causeth an Asthma When the Lungs are stopped inwardly in the branches of the rough Artery that are dispersed through them there is a difficulty of breathing because the Air cannot freely pass This comes often from a watry humor falling from the Head in time of sleep and lying down without sense by degrees through the rough Artery to the Lungs which staying in the narrow branches thereof and growing slimy and stopping the passage it causeth breathing with Snorting and noise and a Cough And if by reason of the toughness thereof it cannot be hawked forth it causeth a long Disease called Asthma which by a new defluxion at night time and in moist weather and after a Surfet is not violent And if the defluxion be great and suddenly fill the passages that were formerly stopped it causeth the Suffocating Catarrh The same may come from the Excrements of the Lungs there long detained and made thick For as the Brain by reason of the plenty of Blood which filleth the Cavity of the membranes being crude continually gathereth Excrements so the Lungs whose vessels are ful of blood if it be excrementitious or crude it causeth many excrements so that it is not necessary that all the flegm which is spet up must come from the Head to the Lungs Both these Causes are discovered by the flegmatick constitution of the body and the signs of abounding flegm and rattling and other hurts mentioned A white chalky matter and hard is made rather of the Lungs than of flegm which is slimy like Bird-lime but not crumbling This obstructing inwardly the branches causeth that long Asthma wherein there is no sign of flegm And the same may cause the Stone in the Lungs which is hard brittle smooth or rough according as the vessels are as we have seen Anatomies And such have been coughed out after a long and otherwise incurable Asthma which were the cause thereof The Compression of the Breast is the cause of difficult breathing The Diseases that hinder the Breathing besides the Muscles of the Breast mentioned in those which hinder the motion both of the Lungs and Breast both which are required to breathing This is when it is outwardly compressed or when astringent things are laid thereon as common Physitians suppose The hardness of the gristles of the breast is the cause of Dyspnoea If the Gristles of the Ribs which are about the Breast to cause the more easie motion be turned into a hard substance like the other Ribs which happens in some through age in some sooner especially in Women by reason of their Breasts held up thereby for then the breast cannot be sufficiently dilated And this makes them sigh when they have great breasts and lie upon their backs When a Rib or two are broken and thrust inward The Ribs thrust inward causeth difficult breath because they hinder the dilatation of the Lungs and the motion of the breast they hinder breathing And so do the Ribs dislocated and the Vertebrae or spondits of the back bent inwards These two hurts as they may come by an external force to the Ribs so Fernelius testifieth that a Rib hath been broken by great palpitation of the body which I rather beleeve might be displaced If the Cavity of the Breast be filled with matter in an Empyema and Corruption of the Lungs The Repletion of the Cavity of the Breast is the cause of Dyspnoea or Water in a Dropsie Or Blood from a Vein broken If these be in great quantity they cause a Dyspnoea by hindering motion of the Lungs Breast and Midriff Also Wind may cause the same if in the Breast as I gathered from one in a Dyspnaea who had a noise about his breast with no rattling The Cure If Breath be stopped from Fainting of the Heart The Cure of want of breath in Swooning when strength returneth they recover And what must be done in Swooning shal be shewed in the defect of strength If men in Apoplexies from a distemper of the Brain are in danger of Suffocation The Cure of Defect of breathing from an Apoplexy we shewed what must be done in the Consternation of mind Also when breath is stopped by Convulsions If there be Defect of Breath The Cure of want of Breathing Speech in a Palsie Cramp and other Diseases of the Nerves Voyce or Speech by reason of the Nerves in a particular Palsie or Convulsion it must be cured as a Palsie or Convulsion If it come from the Cramp you must give things to prevent a general Convulsion as was there shewed And if it come from Loosness of the Nerves you must proceed as in a Palsie by purging and altering When the Speech or Voyce is lost things applied to the Mouth and Throat are best because they draw forth flegm by the right way and being neer the part affected consume and alter the humor Masticatories and Gargarisms are most proper not such as draw flegm thither as in the Palsie of other parts but which dry and draw out the humor
Feet upon the ground And if the Secundine be retained or the Child come not let her stamp strongly that she may be delivered as Hippocrates shews of the Tire-woman Also pressing of the belly will help the throws with both Thumbs below the Navil and the Hands upon the sides by a strong woman And the same is good to bring forth the Secundine after delivery Also Neesing causeth strong though short straining by attracting of the Muscles of the Belly especially if the Mouth be a little stopped and the Nose Let the Midwise take half of the Child when it first begins to appear and draw it gently forth by degrees pressing the upper part of the Belly But if it lie deep and be turned let her put in her Fingers or Hand being anoynted and place it right with the Head downward and gather the Limbs together If these succeed not and the Midwise perceive the Child dead let a Chyrurgion enlarge the Orifice with a Speculum Matricis And if so it cannot be taken forth let him pul it out with Instruments or cut it out by pieces When all hope is gone some do so and keep the Mother alive The bladders that appear in the Belly as I shewed when a Child is rotten through which the Child may be seen of which I am an Eye witness gave occasion I suppose to this way which none attempt while the Child is alive except both be desperate It is more safe and honorable when the Mother is dead and the Child alive to cut it out by opening the Belly by which means many have been preserved and Caesar was so called because he was cut out of his Mothers Womb and thence this birth is called Caesarian Also we dilate the Privities to let out the Child with an Incision Knife But it is dangerous to open the Orifice of the Neck of the Womb by Incision And it may be unprofitable because it hath the same largness with the passage There are also things given to open and stir up the faculties which provoke Terms and expel the birth the weakest first after stronger and then strongest which may hurt the Child when dead or when the Secundine is retained The stilled water of Savin Mugwort Mullein Orris white Lillies and Chamomil And these boyled in Wine Pennyroyal Mugwort Savin Beans Wall-flowers Or this Decoction Take Dittany half an ounce Birthwort Madder Cassia barks of each two drams Mugwort Pennyroyal Savin of each one handful Lavender Chamomil Wall-flowers of each one pugil Cinnamon three drams Saffron one dram Boyl them in white Wine This is stronget Take Birthwort Sowbread of each one dram Savin Tamarisk of each two drams Boyl them in wine drink it at once or twice These juyces are good of which you may make this Electuary to be given in Travail Take roots of Elicampane Comfrey Marsh-mallows of each three ounces five leaved Grass Bittony Hysop of each one handful bruise them and clarifie the juyce with Sugar and with Cinnamon make an Electuary Let her take two spoonfuls thrice in a day in the morning before supper and at bed time Or give juyce of Savin Mugwort and Leeks and of Sowbread alone or with wine Let these Pouders be given with wine or waters mentioned or with Sugar made into Lozenges Take the bark of Cassia Fistula white Dittany roots of each one dram Cinnamon half a dram Saffron one scruple Or thus Take Lavender seeds half a dram Plantane and Endive seeds of each two scruples Cinnamon Pepper of each one scruple Saffron half a scruple The yellow tops of the Chives of white Lillies are good to be drunk the Italians steep them in Oyl in the Sun and drink that One dram of Amber is good when there is a Flux of blood from the retention of the Secundine to stop one and expel the other Or this Pouder Take Pouder of Date stones and Harts-horn Canes of Cassia of each one dram Peach kernels one ounce Cinnamon two drams Sugar one ounce Let her take two or three spoonfuls and drink convenient water afterwards This is stronger Take Borax one dram or four scruples Cinnamon Crocus of each one scruple Ginger half a scruple give it with Cinnamon water or Sack or with Confection Alkermes in a Bolus in the greatest weakness Another Take Borax Myrrh Birthwort of each half a dram Saffron Pepper of each one scruple Mak a Pouder These are good to expel a dead Child and the Secundine Chymical Oyl of Amber Camphur Savin anoynt the Navil with a little and give four drops in white wine Some commend a Medicine made of the wrappings of the Child Let the Midwife dry the Navil string and Vreter in a Oven and to two drams of the Pouder add Cinnamon and Pepper of each half a dram Saffron half a scruple and with juyce of Savin make Troches give two drams in Pouder alone or with other Pouders Rondeletius teacheth that the Secundine so burnt and given cureth the after pains Also one dram or one and an half of the Troches of Myrrh or Gallia Moschata are given with Sage Wine or made into Pills These Pills of bitter and stinking ingredients are very efficacious Take Galbanum and Mirrh of each one dram round Birthwort Dittany and Gentian of each half a dram Castor and Assa Faetida and Saffron of each one scruple with juyce of Savin make Pills give from half a dram to a dram Cassia and Tryphera loosen the Belly and cause easie deliverance thereby And purges that are sharp stirre up the expulsive faculty of the womb also therefore to avoid Abortion we give no strong purges There are divers Restauratives to preserve strength which are useful in the throws and to refresh them for Labor both for Diet and Medicine Confection Alkermes is Cordial and stirs up the faculty It is given with wine and Borax Or Take the Ponder of Diamargariton Calidum and Diamoschu of each half a dram give it with wine or water or make Lozenges thereof Fumigations and sents below peirce into the womb and are good if made of very stinking things let them be directed into the womb by a Funnel Of sweet scents Take Labdanum one dram Storax half a dram Musk and Amber grease of each half a scruple Sugar a dram Make a Pouder or Troches to be laid upon Embers Anoynt the Orifice of the Neck of the womb with Oyl of Spike or put it in with bread Also the fume of Amber or Horse or Asse hoofs is good Or Take the Pouder of an Asses hoofe and mix it with Horse grease and burn it Or Take Galbanum Myrrh Asphaltum of each half a dram Castor one scruple and with the Gall of an Ox● Make Troches burn them Dioscorides commends the fum of Brim-stone if the Child be dead The fume of the Decoction of Dittany and Mugwort doth the same Sweet scents are applied to the Nose to refresh nor may you fear the rising up of the Womb because it is otherwise as I
of which we speak in defect of strength Pills Take Amber half a dram Smaragds Hyacints of each two scruples Pearls one scruple Basil seeds one dram Camphire half a scruple with juyce of Citrons make a Mass give half a dram Bags for the Heart of red Silk quilted sprinkled with Wine or Rose water or Balm water Thus Take Citron peels Balm Spiknard Baies red Roses Rosemary Lavender Borrage of each one dram Basil seed two drams seeds of Citrons Mirtle berries of each one dram Cuchineel half a dram Sanders wood Aloes Cloves Mace of each half a dram Coral one dram precious stones half a dram Troches of Camphire Species Diambra of each one scruple Make a Pouder for a Bag. Anoynt the Heart and Pulses morning and evening with this Take juyce of Mother-wort Oyl of Spike of each half an ounce boyl them a little add Oyl of Cloves half a scruple Camphire one scruple Saffron half a scruple with Wax Make a Liniment add a little Musk. Or this Epithem Take Rose water three ounces Balm Lavender water and Wine of each one ounce and an half Camphire one scruple Heat Balm upon a hot Tile and sprinkle it with Wine and apply it to the Heart Perfumes go to the Heart speedily As this Take Balm Basil Gilly flowers dried of each two drams Angelica roots dryed Citron peels of each one dram Saffron half a scruple Camphire six grains tie them in a clout and sprinkle them with Rose and Balm and Wine and let it be smelled to A Fomentation is good to the left side with a Spung wet in this Decoction Take Chamomel and Melilot flowers of each one pugil Annis and Fennel seeds of each two drams Fenugreek half an ounce Boyl them in Wine It is good to rub the Limbs especially the Legs and left side And to apply Cupping-glasses to the left side or Hypochondria Rest doth allay the Palpitation as motion increaseth it Camphire hung about the Neck is reported to be excellent CHAP. XII Of want of Appetite The Kinds WE call it a Defect or want of Appetite when men neither hunger nor thirst or when they disdain certain things which are to be eaten and drunk Some hunger not at convenient times that is Anorexia or Appetitie dejected when the Stomack is empty and the Appetite is wholly or for the most part gone this is called Anorexia and if they disdain or loath Meat and suppose it unpleasant which is pleasant it is called Nausea and Apositia Nausea or loathing and if all meat be refused Asitia If this be in some men except the cause be manifest it presageth Diseases because all men require meat that are sound In some it is a usual Symptom of Diseases and therefore in Children and Beasts though they cannot otherwise declare it we take it for a certain sign of sickness if they refuse to eat If they thirst not and refuse all drink Aposta or not drinking it is called Oligoposia or Aposia this is rare for though some sound men drink little and live upon moist meats which is seldom yet is it ordinary that they which desire no meat desire drink and they which Eate desire drink In Diseases though the appetite of meat be dejected yet they are so far from being not thirsty that they are very dry so that they had rather have moist things then other If usually happens that things that are usually eaten Loathing of some Meats and are pleasant to the tast as most nourishments are and sower sweets that are clean and good are disdained of some And this is either by an aversness of nature to some things which abhors them and by which they receive hurt as we have known by many concerning Cheese who though they eate Milke and Butter they disdain Others hate Wine by nature called Abstemious men from Abs which signifyeth without and Temetum which signifyeth Wine Others hate other things This is also usual in Diseases they hate some meats that nourish and not only for being fleshy fat and unctious but for the scent Also sweet things which most love are disdained by them and Wine Others refuse things offered from a distaste supposing their tast to be otherwise as we shewed in Drepraved Tast The Causes In regard the Stomach desires by its natural sense Meat and Drink it is necessary that it should be afflicted in all kinds of defect of Appetite so that it either looseth sense of hunger of thirst wholly or in part or is afflicted with a contrary sense and loathing of all Meats or of some This may be from the lightest afflictions of the Stomach because the Stomach must be well constituted that it may rightly hunger or thirst and therefore this Disease is so frequent both in sound and sick And it is either from its constitution or Repletion or Offense or Distemper or Weakness The Stomach hath originally such a constitution A certain constitution of the Stomack is the cause of loathing of divers Meats or temperature many times from innate causes that it disdaineth some things as Cheese or Wine which other natures abhor not Which temperature we cannot describe but that it delights in some meats and refuseth other as some creatures can digest things that a man cannot as Birds do Stones and Estridges Iron Yet the Apprehension of the Mother being with Child hath been a cause from her dislike and loathing of certain Meats especially if she were troubled with the Pica or longing which made an impression upon the Child And we have seen Children refuse the same as soon as they were born this loathing they bring with them into the world Apprehension is the cause of loathing of some Meats Also we find that the constitution of the Stomach in other causes is so changed by apprehension that it refuseth those meats that it is wont to take because they have been taken either immoderately or indecently or uncleanly Or because in Diseases they have been abhorred as after a Feaver we have known some long abstain from Flesh others never eat any more thereof Custom is another nature and therefore we delight in things we have usually eaten from Infancy Want of Custom is the cause of Loathing and abhor things that are universal though rare and Savory And this is the cause why divers kinds of Creatutes are not used but in extremity and that they who use themselves to eat Frogs and Snails take delight therein which cause Loathsomness to those that never eat them before And why Raw flesh and the like unclean things are nauseous to people that are used to a clean Diet. Repletion of the Stomach which stupifieth the sense thereof takes away appetite which is caused by the Chyle which it maketh and retaineth too long as when it is cleansed from the Chyle it desireth more meat to make new therefore while the old Chyle remaineth it desireth no more meat And this comes from the defect of distribution of the
heat there is not a simple heat but a compounded feaver with putrefaction And this is the cause why a Synoch not ending the second or third day becomes putrid This is known by the signs of an Ephemera and simple Synoch the one whereof is that the heat began externally And this is the reason why fulness of blood which many say is the cause of putrid feavers causeth a change of simple feavers into putrid Foul or evil blood which hath the seeds of corruption in it or is disposed thereunto if it be gone so far by its plenty or corruption that nature cannot order it that is amend or purge it causeth by putrefaction divers putrid feavers differing according to the place wherein or the matter of which the putrefaction is These are foreseen before they come by a constitution not perfectly sound nor sick by reason of some secret fault in the blood in which there is a laziness haviness and pain of the Head troublesom dreams stretching of the sides or Hypochondria Heart pain Nauseousness loathing of Meat change and stink of usual Excrements or not usual as sweat spitting vomiting belching This fault of blood comes either from things taken in or from Excrements retained or from outward things Things taken as meat and drink which are the matter of which blood is caused if they be of evil juyce or corrupt cause this fault in the blood Meats of evil juyce though after they are eaten they are somwhat changed by concoction and turned into blood yet in regard the former condition remains if they be often taken produce these putrid feavers which are popular or common when the meats ordinary eaten by most people from necessity are such as Herbs and Fruits or Corn eaten in too much plenty when unsound as in time of dearth these infect the blood and cause Epidemical Feavers in Cities and Armies Also if the food be naturally good and be putrified before it be taken it infects the blood As when they are too old or corrupt by too much moisture whether Flesh Fish or Cheese by stink and Putrefaction being long taken infect the Blood and cause Feavers And common Feavers come by corrupt Water Bread or Flesh at Sea or from Corn that is mowed up wet Those most easily corrupt being eaten which have much Excrementitious moisture as summer fruits the eating of these in summer abundantly causeth Feavers in Autumn or the Spring following Things that nourish as M●●k and Eggs or sweer things soon corrupt in hot Stomacks and turn to Choler which causeth other Diseases rather then Feavers So do hard Meats and slimy when the Stomack Liver or Spleen are afflicted for want of concoction cause crude blood and obstructions rather than Feavers Except there be other accidents The retention of the Vapors and Excrements of blood usually sent forth by insensible Transpiration or sweat infects the blood and causeth Feavers This may be from divers causes from idlness and sluggishness of nature in expelling of Excrements obstruction of the Skin and pores thereof and want of Aire Not that the blood is inflamed and then corrupted for want of Air through the pores to cool it as we shewed in the causes of a Diary Feaver Nor that it can come from a sudden cold taken in while the body is hot But because the skin being made thick the Excrements usually purged by the pores cannot come forth And because the body cannot be refreshed with Air to consume the moist Excrements under the skin As we may observe by things kept in close places where fresh Air comes not they grow mouldy and musty so by the long retention of these moist Excrements for want of Air the blood may be infected and Feavers follow When the Air is infected with evil Vapors from stinking Carkases and taken constantly into the body it infects the Spirits Blood and Heart and causeth putrid Feavers and they are somtimes popular when many live in it and are disposed for it Or contagious when the putrefaction comes from the breath or sweat of sick men This is from a malignant or venemous quality rather then a simple corruption The vessels not continued to the heart of veins and arteries are only the meseraicks Corruption of blood in the meseraicks is the cause of intermitting putrid Fevers branches of the gate-vein which comes from the liver dispersed through the bowels in the lower belly and no where else never coming forth to the skin but in the Fundament where they are called Haemorrhoids For the Arteries which accompany these as also those that accompany the branches of the hollow Vein coming all from the great Artery are continued to the Heart thereby Therefore if a humor corrupt in the meseraicks though their passage be intercepted by the substance of the Liver in which all their branches are yet because the branches of the hollow Vein are also in the same substance of the Liver and are joyned to the mouths of of the branches of the Gate-vein and because there is a constant passage of the Blood in the Liver by them And also because the Arteries coming to the Heart are joyned to the Meseraicks in the Spleen Stomach and Guts By this communion and vicinity it happens that as oft as evil vapors rising from the Meseraicks do fill the branches of the hollow Vein and great Artery they pass that way to the Heart and cause putrid Feavers by their stink but these are not continual but intermitting And because the putrid Matter is not far from the Heart in continual Feavers they may a little intermit but not wholly cease For the Heart once on fire before it be wholly quenched and a new vapor in the Veins that come unto it must have fits at certain times As we shewed Also this is from other Causes a filthy vapor in the Meseraicks which causeth a Feaver which doth not constantly touch the Heart with the same force by reason of the distance this is not alwayes unequal but wholly ceaseth by reason of the stoppage of passages to the Heart And so long intermitteth while the putrid Matter confined to its fire swells and sends forth a vapor to the Heart with some of it self For it being abundant and of an evil quality provoketh Nature to send it into the branches of the hollow Vein and great Artery and so into the Heart where it causeth Feavers to continue so long till all the fuel be burnt up or sweat out After which manner a Feaver wholly ceaseth till a new fit cometh by a new motion and heat of the Matter sooner or later and not in the same form As shall be shewed Now let us consider what humor it is that putrifieth in the Meseraicks what is the conjunct cause of intermitting Feavers and the antecedent Cause of Corruption The humor contained in the Meseraicks is Blood yet not so pure as that in the Liver purged from the waterish and cholerick Excrements and fit for nourishment although some part
in cold or distilled water in a good quantity You may give Conserves thus Take Conserve of Roses one ounce Conserve of Sorrel and Barberries each half an ounce Candied Citron peels half an ounce with Syrup of Barberries Or thus Take Conserve of Roses Sorrel Barberries if the Belly be loose each two drams Coral one dram red Sanders half a dram with Sugar of Roses make a Conserve We alter by external Remedies to the Heart Liver and Reins that are cold by consent of which parts all the body is cooled To the Heart with this Epithem Take Rose water three ounces Bugloss and Burrage water each two ounces Vinegar of Roses half an ounce Juyce of sour Apples and Lemmons each two drams red Sanders a dram To the Liver with this Take Endive and Sorrel water each three ounces Vinegar of Roses half an ounce Spikenard a scruple mix them We anoynt the Reins with Galens white Cerote or Oyntment of Sanders It is good to bath in sweet water in the declining of the fever to refresh and to discuss the Reliques if after you anoynt with Oyl the whol body or Back-bone Friction or Rubbing is also good in the declining of a fever to dissolve the Vapors raised from the hot blood if it be gentle with a hot Cloth and anoynt the body with Oyl of Chamaemel Sleep Refresheth takes away Thirst and provokes Sweat For correcting the accidents let the Diet be thin and nourishing to sustain strength as Barley-Cream Ptisans Almond milk boyled fruits with other Cordials to restore the Patient Let Head-ach Watching Doting Thirst Driness of Mouth Roughness of Tongue be amended as we shewed how But if the the former things be rightly administred they cease of themselves A Continual solitary fever though it hath divers kinds as a Continual Tertian The Cure of Constant putrid Fevers Quotidian Quartan and that called inordinate which is most usual and a putrid Synoch and Causon yet because their Cause is the same that is blood corrupted in the Veins though the species or kinds are different in respect of the place and blood we shal speak of the Cure of them altogether because most if not all the Remedies may be applied in part to every one As for the Prediction in regard Hippocrates saith the Judgment of acute Diseases meaning Fevers is uncertain we must not rashly pronounce Health or Death But we may declare danger or good hope by observing signs and accidents and chiefly the Critical daies and among them those called Indices or declaring daies to foretel what will be from the signs in those daies following good or bad from whence as the Ancients did so can we with wariness pronounce somthing all things diligently considered for if the Crisis ought to tend to the best which leads to health upon the directory day good must happen which is the seventh of the first week the fourteenth of the second and the twentieth not one and twentieth of the third And after in the same order the twenty seventh thirty fourth and fortieth These are indicated by the fourth the eleventh and seventeenth and the rest alwaies going before them three daies and therfore are called Indices If the Crisis or Judgment ought to be for the worst which brings Death the Directory fals upon an evil day which is the sixth or eighth or tenth or twelfth that is an uncertain Crisis in which the fever abates not at all and therefore called Imperfect or doubtful tending to good or evil at its return This is often the third fifth or ninth day But the Prognostick signs and accidents by which we judg of the event of fevers are these chiefly that follow The Urin is to be observed all the course of the fever because the matter is in the Veins and therfore it is much changed If it be Saffron-like or high as Gold it shews heat or purging of Choler by Urin. Black shews greater heat and danger except the melancholick humor sent forth by a critical evacuation cause it If it be thin of what color soever or crude it is worse than thick if it be perspicuous or to be seen through whether thin or thick it is good because it is neer to the natural Troubled Urin portends no ill if it come so from the cold Air external because that which is concocted is usually so if it be pissed so it is evil except it be critical or a natural discharge a sediment in the Urin is good if it stay at the bottom and together not dispersed equal white and thickish especially in a critical day That Urin which is otherwise is worse The pulse doth declare chiefly the heat and strength which the oftener and quicker it beats especially in the Diastole or dilatation shews greater Heat And as it is small or great declareth the strength An unequal intermitting creeping Pulse signifies no good Difficult Breathing small and strained is not good Sweat which the Patient liketh and wetteth the whol body and is hot is good If it stink and come in due time it is not hurtful Cold sweat is ill and a forerunner of Death Much Pissing is good and in a good Critical day takes away the Fever Bleeding at the Nose and Courses coming unseasonably do not ease but coming critically cures the fever A Loosness or Diarthaea following except it help to take away some of the cause weakneth and is dangerous And black stools shew malignity If the sharpness of the fever be constant and the body burning continually or if it be dayly or twice or thrice in fevers called inordinate and quotidians it is dangerous Tossing of the body restlessness casting off cloaths and going to the feet as Hippocrates saith shews the greatness of the fever and loss of strength If Sleep cause trouble it is an ill sign according to Hippocrates When the Temples fall the Nostrils are sharp the Tongue dry and black the outward parts cold they are evil signs And a sudden consumption of the body spoken of in a melting Causon Long and often Swounding Hiccupping Sighing continuing Convulsion and Carus are perverse and deadly accidents Though Nature cures continual putrid fevers The Cure of continual putrid Fevers which only doth it somtimes yet by the help of a Physitian shee doth it better and sooner If any part of the cause which maketh it or increaseth it be evacuated and the heat altered and the strength be preserved to the state and crisis Let us take away symptoms if they remain and be violent which is done by divers means Things that Evacuate the Cause which produced nourisheth and increaseth severs comprehend by blood-letting evacuation of Humors and Excrements by stool Urin and Sweat Bloodletting except hindered by fear of Swounding and weakness which appears in a swounding fever by the moving of the Choler in a Diarrhaea is the the chiefest means to abate the Cause and the Accident It wil take away the cause to open any apparent Vein in the Arm.
water is prescribed for some in the declining time Or this Infusion Take Fennel and Sparagus roots each an ounce Wormwood and Hysop each a dram and an half Chamaemel and Dill flowers each a dram Fennel seed a dram infuse them in Wine and Water boyled or otherwise In long Quartans you may give the former and stronger if the heat be decreased As Take Liquorish Raisons each an ounce Parsley roots an ounce and an half Asarum roots a dram Maidenhair Cetarach Hysop each half a handful Hops a pugil Sparagus seeds three drams Fennel seed a dram Melon seed two drams red Pease a pugil Chamaemel flowers a dram and an half boyl them in six pints of Water add Pomegranate Wine four ounces and drink it mornings with Sugar Wine and Water is good against quartans And this Infusion Take the three capillary herbs each a handful Hysop half a handful Chamaemel flowers half a pugil Fennel and Smallage roots each an ounce Asarum roots two drams Fennel seeds a dram Dodder seed a dram and an half infuse them in Wine give it as afore Some give this distilled water every morning two or three ounces for an excellent medicine Take strong Vinegar three pints hot crusts of new bread a pound Gunpowder two ounces distil them in Balneo Or. Take Balm water half a pint Aqua vitae a pint the pith of Dwarf-elder half a pound distil them and give two ounces every morning and evening Also these Pils Take Troches of Wormwood Eupatory Rhubarb each a dram with syrup Bizantine make Pils take them as formerly with Pease broath in which Roots are boyled Sweating is good if the critical Excretion tend that way for it helpeth Nature in the declining time to expel the residue It is done by these following and the gentlest if they cause not sweat cause transpiration Frictions are good before the Fit two hours and in the beginning of it when the heat begins to disperse the vapors and heat and if violent they cause heat If Sweat be wiped off often it causeth more sweat And boyled Water with Wine and alone in great quantity causeth Sweat Therefore they who deny Drink to fevers and almost Kil men with thirst do ill for it hinders Sweat and inflames the body causing a Hectick Bugloss water taken in great quantity causeth much sweat and is excellent in quartans And also Fumitory Scabious Carduus and Hearts-tongue Water This following Decoction provokes Sweat and Urine Take of Barley a pugil roots of Smallage Parsley Kneeholm Sparagus Nettles each an ounce Orris and Elicampane roots each half an ounce Bayberries twelve Chamaemel and Dil flowers each a pugil Pennyroyal Calamints each half a handful Cummin Anise Fennel and Citron seeds each a dram boyl them in much Water drink it often Treacle is given for the same and the like which we shal declare among things that hinder Fits Also anoynting the back with loosning Oyls doth the same and other things there to be mentioned A Bath is good in long fevers to provoke Sweat and refresh and moisten of sweet water in which Barley and moistning herbs are somtimes boyled This must be used on the wel day or five hours before the fit not too hot And after let the Patient take a dram of Mithridate or Diaboraginatum and sweat in his bed Thus many have been cured of quartanes Altering things resist the heat and driness of the Disease and are cold moist and must be mixed with Resisters of putrefaction things that open obstructions and strengthen because these differ not much we shal distinguish them by Forms and not by Kinds of Fevers The best way is to give them in drink for they are refreshed thereby and delight in it In the fit because they are then driest give crude or boyled water as we shewed or Barley water but in the fit Barley is too nourishing therefore give little that water is best in which Sorrel and Grass roots are boyled with steel prepared and Cinnamon nor must they be kept from drink after the shaking Fit for as Fernelius and Joubert us in his Paradoxes assirms that if the Patient be not relieved with Drink in his great heat and thirst there wil follow a melting of the solid parts and wil they not sweat In this also there is a moderation to be used lest sudden cooling hurts the bowels and cause a Dropsie as in quartans its usual this is to be regarded when the stomack is offended with cold drink for then we give not much but corrected and qualified water with an Eye to custom Out of the fit if the body be little cholerick and not very hot we give Wine with Water or Bugloss water in quartans and thin sharp Wine in Bastard Fevers which rather cools than inflames And it provokes Urin and strengthens Therefore some boyl Hysop and by Galens command Pepper or Cloves Others give Ale to provoke Urin. Out of the fit and in the fit we give these cool and moistening Drinks following Take Endive Sorrel and Bugloss water each four ounces Pomegranate Wine two ounces with Sugar make a Julep or sharp Syrup as of sour Apples Ribes Currans Sorrel or Vinegar Or Take one measure of boyled water syrup of Lemmons or Citrons two ounces syrup of Violets an ounce Or Take Sassaphras three drams red Sanders and Sortel roots each two drams Cinnamon a dram with Sugar two ounces if you wil have it sweet cut and bruise them tie them in a clout boyl them in water to be given at any time Or this syrup Take ten pints of Water Vinegar four ounces Sugar four ounces boyl and drink The Alexandrine Julep of Sugar and Rose-water and others metioned in Thirst the juyce of Purslane is commended by Dioscorides There are also divers Electuaries Give this the day after purging to strengthen Take Conserve of Roses and Violets each a dram Trionsantalon half a scruple with Sugar make a Bolus In bastard quartans Take Conserve of Borage flowers and Bugloss roots each a dram Citron peels candied half a dram Diamargariton frigidum half a scruple Or give a dram of Treacle with half a dram of Conserve of Bugloss In the Fit give we Electuaries to quench Thirst which must not be sweet These are to alter Take Conserve of Roses and Bugloss each an ounce of candied Citrons pulp and peel each two drams Rob of Ribes half an ounce species Diamargariton half a dram with Sugar of Roses make a Mixture Or this Take Conserve of Roses Rob of Ribes sharp Cherries and sharp Prunes preserved each an ounce Conserve of Bugloss half an ounce give it in time of Thirst To alter and strengthen all the time of the disease Take species of the three Sanders with a double quantity of Rhubarb a dram Diarrhodon Abatis a scruple ' Diamargariton frigidum half a scruple Conserve of Rose and Bugloss roots each a dram with Sugar dissolved in Rose and Endive water and a little Vinegar if the heat be great
extremities revel more powerfully than frictions or rubbing Also washing of the body with a hot Decoction of Herbs good for the Head draws humors and Vapors from the Head And asswageth pain as we shal shew Glysters are good and usually afore bleeding because they supple the belly and take away excrements and after also to draw down blood spirits and vapors if they be sharp and well applied And in constant heat they must be given often the belly being bound for the Disease comes or is increased by excrements retained which send up vapors In a hot cause especially Fevers use this Take Mallows Violets Marsh-mallows Beets Mercury red Coleworts which besides their pricking resist Vapors and Drunkenness each a bandful Bettony proper for the Liver half a handful Violets a pugil Chamaemel flowers half a pugil Barley Bran each a pugil cold seeds half an ounce Fennel seed a dram boyl and add Honey of Violets and red Sugar each an ounce Juyce of Beets or Mercury an ounce and an half Cassia an ounce Oyl of Violets two ounces Butter an ounce with Salt make a Clyster In other Causes especially old pains Take Lilly roots two ounces the Emollients Beets or Mercury red Coltworts Pellitory of the Wall Bettony Sage Hysop each a handful flowers of Chamomil Lavender or Staechas Rosemary and Bran each a pugil Figs ten Annis and Fennel seeds each a dram boyl them and add Hiera prica and Diaphaenicon each two drams red Sugar and Honey of Rosemary each an ounce and an half juyce of Mercury or Beets an ounce Oyl of Chamomil and Lillies of each an ounce and an half with a little Salt make a Clyster If the pain come from Humors or Vapors from them or evil quality in them or if the uncleaness of the Body increase or nourish it we give divers purges such as are for other Diseases of the Head coming from the same cause differing in respect of the cause and constitution when the cause or nature is hot we use gentle and moderate but in others stronger and hotter respecting the Head in all giving before them Clysters or letting blood preparing the Humor first if need be And we purge often if the cause require as in the Head-ach from the French Pox. Thus In Cholerick Body we prepare before purging Thus Take Syrup of Endive two ounces syrup of Violets and Sorrel each an ounce Succory and Bugloss water each four ounces Vervaine water which is proper for the Head two ounces and Bettony water an ounce give it at thrice and a Tablet of Diarrhodon after every draught In Melancholly thus Take syrup of both Bugloses each an ounce and an half syrup of Harts-tongue and Epithymum of each an ounce Bugloss Vervain Balm and Bettony water each two ounces take it as the other In flegmatick and old pains where the heat is not great Take Honey of Roses Oxymel simple and syrup of Maiden hair each an ounce and an half syrup of Hysop and Staechas each an ounce Marjoram Bettony Vervain Balme Hysop and Sage water each as much as is fit give it as the other with a Tablet of Diamoschum after every draught Or this Decoction Take Fennel roots two ounces the true Acorus or Calamus an ounce Liquorish an ounce and an half Bettony Marjoram Sage Vervain each an handful Lavender Staechas and Rosemary flowers each a pugil Annis and Fennel seeds each a dram Raysons stoned two ounces boyl them and add Honey then clense it and add Nut-meg and Sugar give it three or four mornings As for purges if the pain come from a hot humor blood or choller they are as we shewed in Fevers and other hot diseases that cause Head-ach Or thus Take Cassia Tamarinds Prunes of each half an ounce take it with Sugar or Whey Or thus Take Cassia six drams Electuary of juyce of Roses two drams Diaprunis a dram syrup of Roses an ounce and an half with Bugloss and Rose water make a Potion Or give this Decoction Take Beet roots green an ounce Dock roots half an ounce Violets two drams Bugloss flowers a dram if fresh two drams Cold seeds of each two drams Annis seeds a dram Prunes and Tamarinds each six pair Polypody six drams Senna half an ounce boyl them and to one Dose add syrup of Roses an ounce or six drams of the infusion of Rhubarb this may be repeated often Or this infusion Take Rhubarb four scruples yellow Myrobalans two drams Spike half a scruple bruise them and sprinckle them with a little Wormwood Wine till they are soft then infuse them in Whey or Endive and Vervain water strain them and add Diaprunis two drams syrup of Violets an ounce give it We use this Apozem often in Cholerick persons which tempereth the Humor Take roots of Succory Bugloss Beets each an ounce Endive Succory Borage each a handful Mercury half a handful Cordial flowers each a pugil four great cold seeds each two drams Purslane Lettice and Annis seeds each a dram red Pease a pugil Raysons stoned and Tamarinds of each an ounce and an half Prunes twelve Sebestens ten pair Polypody two ounces Senna an ounce and an half Carthamus seeds an ounce boyl them and add juyce of Roses two ounces Manna an ounce with Sugar and Cinnamon make an Apozem for three mornings If he had rather have Pills use those of Assajereth which are good for Head-ach coming from the Stomach or Aggregative or sine Quibus a dram of either In Melancholick persons when the cause is not so hot purge as in other Diseases of the Head caused by Melancholly Or thus Take Catholicon half an ounce Diaphaenicon two drams Hamech a dram take it with Sugar or an ounce of syrup Fumitory or with Whey or Cock broath Or use this Decoction Take Bugloss roots an ounce bark of Tamarisk half an ounce Bugloss and Scabious flowers each a pugil Staechas french Lavender half a pugil Melon seeds a dram and an half Raysons stoned an ounce Prunes ten Dates five Polypody six drams Senna half an ounce tops of Time two drams boyl and infuse them Indian and chebs Myrobalans each a dram strain them and add syrup of Roses and Peach flowers each half an ounce with Sugar and Nutmeg make a Potion repeat it if need be Mesues syrup of Apples made with black Hellebore or that with white Hellebore corrected by Rondeletius is good an ounce and an half given alone or with convenient Liquor Or this Take the opening roots steep'd in white Wine Vinegar barks of Capars and Tamarisk each six drams Liquorish an ounce Bugloss with the roots Fumitory tops of Hops Eupatorium by Mesues called Ageratum Maiden-hair Cetrach Germander Ground-pine each a handful Balm and Elder each half a handful Cordial flowers and Tamarisk each a pugil Staechas and Chamomil flowers each half a handful Fennel and Annis seeds each two drams Parsley and Dodder seed each a dram Raysons stoned an ounce and an half Figs and Prunes each ten pair Dates
there is a wandring pain with rumbling about the Navil The cause of this is Inflammation or wind when alone or with other Excrements it fils the smal Guts so that they are like puddings stretched and twisted as we have seen This can scarse be from wind alone except there be obstructions from the causes mentioned which hinder its passage whereby the Guts are filled and twisted Also the rowling or tying of the Guts especially the smal from over exercise or from a fall upon the Belly when the Stomach and Guts are full of Meat and Excrements if it be not carefully cured will cause a deadly Convolvulus as it did in a Cousin of mine who leaping over a Ditch fel with his Belly against the further banke and the second day after vomited his Excrements and dyed In whose Body I sound the smal Guts tied in knots and stretched with wind upwards but empty beneath when the Guts were put into their places the wind broak forth by great farts Another twisting may be from the failing of the smal Guts out the Cavity of the Peritoneum into the Cods in a Rupture when they stay long there and cannot be put up The same Symptoms follow only the pain is then in the Groyn where the Peritonaeum or Caule is broken As shall be shewed in Ruptures Great cold in the Guts causeth torments as in the Stomach Refrigeration of the Guts causeth pain Either from outward cold or from things taken in actually too cold for the Stomach and Guts joyning to it and colon that is adjacent Also Clysters too cold actually or potentionally may cause the same The same may come from cold wind that comes from cold drink or crudities which may cause pain by stretching also if they be many Also from a cold and crude humor from sharp meats or fruits Although flegm be counted the chief cause of pain yet it must be only that which is cold as that called Glassie flegm which being bred in the Guts is very cold pierceth and knaws other kinds of flegm can cause no great pain either with their quantity or quality Inflammation of the Ileon Inflammation of the Colon causeth the Colick or in the smal Guts causeth the Iliake pain in the Colick or streight Gut the Colick And there is a fixed inflamed stretching beating pain inwardly in the part with a Feaver and other accidents of Inflammation with Costiveness though when the thick Guts are afflicted The Inflammation of the thin Guts causeth Convolvulus there is a vain Needing If the smal Guts are inflamed and the tumor is great then by reason of their rowling together because nothing can pass the Excrements are vomited this is the usual cause of Convolvulus in which Tumor I have observed a little blewness And if the Inflammation Imposthume and break matter is voided The cause of this Inflammation is blood sent from the Meseraicks into the substance of the Guts by reason of its plenty or thinness or by reason of great pain or other hurt wound or bruise Besides the flegmon or Inflammaon of the Guts A burning from choler in the Guts causeth the Iliack passion there may be a burning in the smal Guts causing the Iliack rather then Colick though it be commonly so called which is violent long and hath bad Symptoms when the choler is not in the space within but in substance of the Guts as I know by long observation and certain signs And it infects them and corrodeth and burneth as we shewed might be in the stomach and have found upon dissection by a yellow spot after death both in the Stomach and Guts This is the cause that the choller staies so long and so fast and brings such lasting pains that return when they are abated and they are worse when the choller is worse and is so hot and so much that it causeth Erysipelas Hence come grievous accidents because the Guts are very sensible being Nervous and the other Nerves suffer therewith especially when the choler gets to the Back-bone and Marrow where the Guts grow to it by the Mesenterie as Fernelius saith he found it also Convulsions and Palsies that may come from Choler and evil Humors in the Guts obstructed From whence as we may gather that Choler is the cause so may we conclude it from other signs of choler in the Urin and the like And this Choler sticking fast to the Guts cannot so soon get down as that which is there from obstruction and causeth a loosness as it doth when it gets into the lower parts Therefore in this case and in the former from obstruction though it come from Choler the Body is not open as in other Diseases but bound This Choler somtimes coming from the Gall as it may offend the substance of the Stomach as I shewtd so it may also offend the neighbor Guts to which it is naturally carried It comes often from evil chyle or two much juyce and is mixed with the blood in the Meseraicks being not sufficiently purged in the Gall by reason of the great quantity and obstructions when it is carried with the blood to the Guts through the Meseraicks and Guts into the substance of them as an Erysipelas This being gathered and retained in the Meseraicks causeth divers diseases and especially feavers as we shewed and being sent by nature to the Guts except it be carried away by a Loosness or Diarrhaea through the mouths of the Vessels which is usual or by the bleeding of the Haemorrhoids causeth great pains by infecting of the Guts These pains are joyned with other Diseases when the Choler is in the Veins as Iliake passions and other Diseases of Choler and Feavers as I shewed in intermitting Feavers The Bladder lying in the lower part of the Belly before causeth pain there The cause of the pain of the Belly about the Bladder is from the Bladder especially when it is ful and stretched forth We shall speak of the Diseases of the Neck of the bladder elsewhere For they cause pain in pissing The Diseases that cause pain in the Bladder are either distention that is stretching or Inflammation of the same The Urin is the chief cause of stretching of the Bladder The cause of the destending pain of the Bladder is the stretching thereof which when it is in great quantity retained causeth a pain in the lower part of the Belly with a swelling and stoppage of Urin of which we speak in suppression of Urin. This cannot come from wind because it cannot get into the Bladder though it may be bred there by the crudity of Urin long retained and cause a greater stretching This Wind and Urin is seldom seperated for the frothing of Urin when it is rendered or made comes rather from the external Air then any internal wind This stretching cannot be from the stone because it cannot grow so big neither doth a stone cause pain in the Bladder till it gets into the Neck
Shoulder inthe Arm. In all kinds the pain is increased by Motion of the Joynt and touching except in the Hip and Shoulder and then when the pain comes outward These pains come suddenly unto some There is usually a Tumor with Redness Heat and beating in the Podagra and Chiragra first or last and somtimes in the Gonagra or Arthritis especially in the Joynts without Flesh Somtimes it is an Oedema without Redness But in the pain of the Shoulder and Hip in the fleshy parts there is no such appearance or tumor In continuance of time in the Podagra and Chiragra there will be knots in the Joynts of the Fingers and Toes And when they are opened there comes forth a thin or tough white Matter or like Chalk And somtimes they turn to hard uneven stones which hinder the Motion of the Joynt And I have seen sometimes such knots from the bending of the Arm to the Wrists growing as it were together and when they have been broken there hath come forth a white Pultis and in one troubled with the Gout it was in his Ear. And another Merchant long and greivously troubled with the Gout The same kind of chalkie Matter was all over his Body and the very Eye-brows also and it turned to knots and then came forth As we shewed in Feavers there is a Synoch in every general Gout and often in the Podagra Chiragra and Gonagra and somtimes in the Hip and Shoulder-gout It begins first with Chilness and there is Thirst and Restlesness the Pulse is high and the Urin red There are somtimes other accidents in Arthritis And we have known a Cramp to follow the Joynt-gout which hath been worse then it self The pain about the great Bones besides that which is in parts without flesh Pains about the Bones of which we spake in the Pain of the Joynts and that without the Skull of which in Head-ach is of two sorts The one is chiefly about the Head bones the other is about many other Bones There is a kind of pain about the Head or Forehead An external Cephalaea which is lasting which is called an external Cephalaea or Head-ach differing from the internal mentioned This is about the Bone and is augmented by being touched It somtimes springs from an internal Head-ach or is joyned with it or is alone outwardly on both sides or on the right or left as a Haemicrania Sometimes it is like a Nail driven into one part Clavus and called Clavus Somtimes it makes Nodes in the Forehead like that in the French Pox and in other Bones There is another kind of outward pain in the Head Outward Heaviness of the Head which goes before other pains from Defluxion into the Joynts and fleshy parts In which somthing seems to lye heavy upon the Head and there is outward as if the skin were flead off and increaseth with touching of the Hair especially And oftentimes there is a Swelling soft and oedematous broad and dispersed about the Neck and hinder-part of the Head and other accidents as in the Heaviness of the Head coming within the Skull especially when they meet together There is another kind of pain about many Bones from a Disease not known by the Antients that was brought from the Indiies The French Pox or Neopolitane first called the Neopolitane then the French Disease The contagious French Pox. And because it comes by Copulation the Venereal Pox. Of which there are divers kinds as I shall shew and this pain about the Bones is one and is called the contagious Pain or Pox. This pain being near about the Bones is chiefly in the middle Seat without the Flesh either in Latitude or Longitude as in the naked inside of the Leg and about the Shoulders Homoplate and Arms and before in the Breast which bony part can scarce suffer from another internal Cause And therefore the Pox is known only by this sign somtimes Also there is pain without in the Head especially in the Forehead to the Eye brows and about the Temples sixed like an outward Cephalaea This pain is violent and implacable pulling as it were the skin from the bones and not to be touched It increaseth towards night and is not abated as other pains but augmenteth by heat And therefore in bed they are worse and it comes by degrees not suddenly as Arthritis Somtimes there are hard Tumors or Nodes in the Forehead Skins and insides of the Hands which are unequal and increase And other accidents as Falling of the Hair Spots Pustles and Ulcers as we shall shew The Causes It is necessary that in all Pains of the Habit of the Body mentioned that the sensible parts be affected as the Muscles Membranes and Nerves from whence come stretching pains or pains from compression solution of continuity simple distemper congestion of Humors Influxion or evil Quality Vehement Stretching of the parts causeth this pain Distention or Stretching is the cause of pain where other Symptoms are greater by immoderate Motion in Exercise and Labour Hence comes the stretching lazy pain mentioned And violent motion when the Muscles are contracted with the Cramp As we shewed in Spasmus Also it comes from Extension of the Muscles by straining which cause Bleeding such as is in inflamed or ulcerated Laziness or such as increaseth by touching and motion This pain is somtimes in the broad Muscle of the Breast which moveth the Arm coming from strong holding of the bridle in riding sometimes in the Feet and Knees from riding in short Stirrups Or in the Back from stretching of the Membranes and Ligaments by the great Bowels lying upon them or by a Tumor as in divers Diseases of the Liver Spleen Guts Mesentery and Womb and in women with child as we shewed Or it is from wind that is bred by moisture or weak heat or coming from other parts which lifteth up and stretcheth the muscles as we shewed in windy Cramp And if it be between the membranes it is a pain like that from Defluxion but not so fixed but wandring and stretching and not long lasting And if it come to the skin the pain is with palpitation or beating as we shewed Also Compression of the parts may cause pain without breaking of the skin which if it is A Compression is the Cause of pain in which the Symptomes are greater belongs to Diseases of the skin As from long lying in a great Disease when there is a pain in the Back and in other sensible parts and from external violence as when from pressing of the Elbow there is a numness and pricking of the two Fingers Or when the Bones are out of their places and lye upon the Muscles Membranes or Nerves there is pain which is greater and longer when there is Swelling or Heat as when there is a great pricking pain from a violent motion of the Back or Neck or from Bones out of Joynt while they lye upon these
parts and hinder motion As we shewed in want of Motion from a Dislocation The same pain may be from broken Bones out of their place which tear the parts and hinder motion as we shewed in want of Motion from a Fracture Or from the Spondils of the Back broken out which cause Pain Swelling and Ulcers before they come forth as I knew in a Child of seven years old who was born crook-baked and had a Tumor in his left Shoulder out of which came many small bones of his Back with much matter Solution of Continuity internal in a sensible part causeth pain Rupture is the cause of pain in the Hernia as when the Membrane about the Belly is broken Especially when the guts come forth and there is an Hernia As for other sensible parts as Muscles and Nerves they can scarce be broken without an external force Of these we shall speak in the Diseases of the Skin Also Distemper causeth pain Distemper causeth pain with other Symptoms joyned whether cold or hot If it be outward it is to be referred to Diseases of the skin if inward it comes from Defluxion or congestion of Humors as shall be shewed And in the Fits of Agues the pain felt in the Back and Members comes first from Cold and then from heat because the Cause lyeth in the great Vessels which are near the Back and inflame the Nervous parts An Humor heaped which is corrupt from evil Nourishment or Weakness of Concoction or crude Congestion of Humors causeth an external Head-ach causeth pain in the bloodless parts about the Bones Periostium and Membranes where by reason of Cold they are more easily heaped up and more slowly discussed This is often in the Head between the skul and skin by reason of the plenty of Veins which afford Excrements which cannot easily be discussed by reason of the thickness of the skin Hence comes Cephalaea or Heach-ach external This may be in other places upon bare Bones like that in the French Pox with Swelling and Nodes when the Nourishment of the part aboundeth and turns to a Callus as shall be shewed in external Tumors Also when these Humors are heaped without the Skull Congestion of Humors causeth outward Heaviness Congestion of Humors causeth the Joynt-gout there comes a pain external which goes before Defluxions and Joynt-gouts The same Excrements about the bloodless Region of the Joynts not flowing from other parts may cause a kind of Joynt-gout This comes by degrees not suddenly as that which comes from a Defluxion nor doth it cause great pain and the tumor is only oedematous This Arthritis or Joynt-gout seldome comes first but follows the other which comes from Defluxion when the part is weakned from which Defluxions new Excrements are gathered Hence they are free from the Gout but there is some sign of it either from Defluxion or Congestion of Humors Or if there be another kind of Arthritis from both as a Sciatica It lasteth long and hath great changes A Defluxion of Humors causeth sudden pains A Defluxion of Humors causeth the Joynt-gout and other pains and they are either simple Defluxions or Arthritical The Humors either flow from within the Vessels or otherwise Humors congested without the Vessels that cause these two sorts of pain are supposed either flegmatick or waterish but a waterish Humor or pure Whey flowing to these parts causeth resolution or tumor without pain rather then with great pam And therefore it must be mixed with other Excrements and then as it is more cholerick sharp or salt or evil it stretcheth and tearing the part more or less and causeth pain accordingly The Original of this serous Humor comes from the Head and flows downwards And it is somtimes congested in the inward part thereof within the Skull from the Blood which is plentiful in the Head when it is crude or impure And when any part thereof is unfit for Nourishment and will not be concocted there are Excrements in the Brain which fall down and cause pain Before which there was a Heaviness in the Head from the Matter heaped up and other accidents Also excrementitious blood sent to the Brain comes from the weakness of the first or second Concoction or from its Crudity and the rather if the Brain be weak Hence it is that though good blood be bred in the first Concoction yet because it cannot be assimilated or brought into substance in the third there are many Excrements and more when it is not at first well concocted or mixed with Excrements This cause of the weakness of the Brain is either from the Parents or from age and Disease especially from Wine and Venery the one stupefying and the other spending the Spirits and both weakning the Nerves and Brain and taking away strength Of the excess of which the Gout is the punishment The plenty of this humor in the brain causeth it to flow down or external cold wind or moistness that pierceth the Brain and straineth and squeeseth it or heat of the Sun or Baths causeth Defluxions rather by opening the passages and stirring up the Faculty to expel then by melting the Flegm as they call it Also great motion that shakes the Head by Neesing Coughing or the like causeth the abounding Humor to slow down And we have shewed that the same humor may be without the Skull and flow down and cause pain before which was Head-ach or Heaviness and Swelling of the skin And also we shewed the Cause why Humors are easily gathered there And the same Causes that made the Humor flow which was internal may move the external as cold and heat and sooner as we ordinarily may perceive The Defluxion of this Humor which is both within and without the Skull is divers For if that flow which is in the Skull it causeth Diseases in the Habit of the Body and others also as it falls into the bottom of the skull into the three cavities For if it fall into the upper chamber next the Forehead then it is strained through the holes of the straining Bone and comes like clear water out of the Nose and is called Coriza If it fall into the middle Cell or Chamber which goeth to the Pallate with many holes it either passeth thin presently or continueth and turneth thick into Snot and so is blown out at the Nose or hawked out Or if it flow towards the Eyes it is turned to Tears as we shall shew in things sent forth But if it follow the passage of the Nerves in the middle cell or fall into the hinder Cavity of the Skull which is lower and larger through the great hole behind which contains the the narrow from whence come the pain of Nerves it fals into the Habit of the Body into fleshy parts or Joynts and causeth the Gout Also when the Humor gathered without the Skull flows down under the skin it causeth pains according to the parts as we shall shew If it
foul may be painful Of which as the shape is divers we shall speak in Deformity The Causes The Causes of all pains in the superficies of the Body as tickling itching pains of cold or heat compressions roughness contusion all without an appearent Character also of redness or Erysipelum Tumors Inflammations Impostumes Cancers Pustles Scabs Clefts Corrosions Wounds and Ulcers in which there are signs which are the disease it self are cold or hot or dry distemper of blood or other Humor gathered in those parts or Solution of continuity When the parts are not used to be touched as the soals of the Feet sides Want of usual touching causeth tickling Arm-holes and Privities they are subject to ticklishness or when any thing toucheth the Face gently or creepeth there is tickling or titillation A cold distemper Cold causeth pain causeth the cold pain in the superficies of the Body from Air Wind or Water or Snow or Ice and not solution of continuity by freesing that presseth forth the thin moisture This pain is greater when the part is Nervous or not used to cold or Air. Therefore the Face because it is not covered though it be very sensible yet it is not so sensible of cold as other parts that are usualy covered Also cold is very grievous to Ulcers or wounds that have the skin off And this pain is greatest when there is a sudden change from very hot to very cold If this happen to the Hands as it is usual there is that great pain in the the Fingers ends called in high Dutch Kuneglen A hot distemper causeth a hot pain from the Air Heat causeth pain made hot by the Sun or otherwise or from water or the like when there is burning in the body and not Inflammation Also this hot pain may come from too many cloths which disturb and cause sweat Also the body is inflamed with excercise And there may be preternatural heat in the Hands and Feet from internal causes which some attribute to the heat of the Liver Also in hot diseases especially Feavers there is a perplexing heat internal and external Dryness of the skin causeth that roughness which offendeth the touch Dryness is the cause of pain from touching of rough things in tender people especially This roughness may also come from external Air that is dry or from the touching of dry and astringent things When the skin is made hard by labor it rather diminisheth the sense of touching Dryness is the cause of clefts then depraveth it Somtimes the skin is extraordinarily cleft as in the Hands Feet Lips Fundament c. This dryness may come from the causes mentioned or from cold or heat as in Feavers we find the skin cleft and the Lips from the heat of breath And there may be clefts in the Hands and Feet from cold Air and water And in extraordinary cold that is long when it beats upon a part where the skin is thick there may be great clefts which turn to Ulcers they are called Perniones As in the soals of the Feet and Palms of the Hands and in the Ears and Nostrils because they want flesh to defend them This the cold doth by astringing drying and wrinkling the Skin And if it extinguish the heat it is most dangerous Blood flowing to any superficial parts as to the Skin Flesh and Glandules causeth divers diseases When it doth not only moisten the parts which is natural for nourishment but fil and inflame them And if blood flow to the skin except the scarf skin which admits no blood it causeth Erysipelas in which there is redness from the blood shining through the scarse ski● Blood flowing to the skin is the cause of Erysipelas and its kinds and before it is sixed or swollen the part being pressed the redness flies away and returnes again as we see in other parts it comes to pass from the blood coming and going in the Cheeks But if the blood be hot the burning is the worst pain and it is as the blood is For if it be thin and hot there is a simple Erysipelas which comes and goes sooner If it be thick there is a great Erysipelas Phlegmon if waterish there is Erysipelas oedematous this is gentler but longer If the blood be Cholerick the Erysipelas turns yellow and burns more and eats off the scarf skin If the choller be green or black it is seen by the color and ends in perverse Ulcers or malignant if it be infectious If the blood be gathered in the flesh and skin Flux of blood to the skin and flesh causeth Tnmors and Inflammations it causeth swelling and Inflammation with redness and pain from distention and heat and when the blood is discussed the Tumor is gone If it suppurate or grow ripe Suppuration causeth Impostumes it is an Impostume which breaking makes an Ulcer and the matter is more when the blood is much and the substance of the part corrupted And if the Inflammation increase and the humor be perverse and corruption follow especially a wound in the Nerves Slidwasser from a corrupt wound Corruption of the part causeth Gangren Natural heat extinct causeth a Sphacel that pernicious Ulcer called in high Dutch Slidwasser which gleets with Water is begotten and the Nerves being corrupted there is less of motion But if the Inflammation increase and there comes no suppuration but corruption of the natural heat be extinct a Sphatel If blood flow upon the flesh rather then the skin as upon the Muscles outward in the belly breast neck or back there are Inflammations but not red or manifestly swollen as in other as in the Pleurisie and Quinsies If the blood flow to divers places there will be pustles as I shewed And if it be in the pores there will be many little scabs These Inflammations are divers in respect of the blood if it be pure the Inflammation is simple If thin and not only gathered but dispersed partly upon the skin it causeth a Phlegmon with Erysipelas if thick the Inflammation will be blewer called a Scirrhus which rather follows then accompanyeth an Inflammation If the blood be waterish the Phlegmon wil be Aedematous in which the Serum sent further into the skin makes an Aedematous tumor about as we see blood doth when sprinkled upon linnen If other humors as choller yellow green or black or sharp and malignant be in the blood the Inflammation is worse and the heat of the blood when the Inflammation lyeth deep will make the rotten flesh part from the sound in a Coate which will be in the tumor when opened as in furunculus If Blood flow upon other parts distinct from the flesh and skin Flux of blood upon the glandules causeth the Bubo Parotis Phygthlon Phyma and gathereth together it causeth a hot tumor and inflammation as when it fals upon the kernels or glandules in the Emunctuaries This is usual because nature sooner dischargeth her self in ignoble parts
Gentian Birth-wort and Asarum each one dram of Wormwood Horehound Vervain and Maiden-hair of Broom flowers carthamus Rosemary of carva seeds Endive Germander and columbine seeds each half a dram of shavings of Ivory and Harts horn each one dram of steel prepared with Vinegar one dram and an half of dried Earth-worms one dram of cinnamon Nutmeg Mace Spikenard each half a dram of Myrrh Mastich and Frankincense each one scruple of Saffron half a scruple make a Pouder give one dram or more with sugar or without with wine or other convenient Liquor This Pouder is bitter but excellent Take of Gentian Roots one dram of the Tops of the lesser centaury Orenge peels Ivory and Harts horn shavings of Cinnamon each half a dram make a pouder give one dram in wine or other Liquor These Troches are good in a jaundize that tends to a Dropsie Take of Rhubarb two scruples of Asarum roots Gum Lac each half a dram of cinnamon Spikenard schaenanth cassia lignea each one scruple make them in Troches with juyce of Wormwood or Agrimony or Triphera Saracenica give it in wine or water The usual Pouders to open Obstructions are of the troches of Rhubarb Agrimony Wormwood also Trionsantalon Diarrhodon Abbatis Diacarcuma Dialacca in which sometimes Rhubarb is doubled in quantity they are given alone or mixed with wine That Pouder which some commend so highly in the Jaundies which they divide into three parts and give at three Mornings together in the Decoction of Vetches is this Take of columbine seeds Harts horn and eastern Saffron each one dram make a fine pouder for three Doses There are Potions made of cray fish beaten with celandine and water and then strained five ounces of the urine of a Boy drunk often doth it by Experience with sugar or Honey to sweeten it Others boil Goose dung in water or wine and strain it and give it to be drunk Cummin seed eaten presently after bathing is approved And this the German Women use still and beleeve it to be of great force Dioscorides gives May-weed after barhing its yellow flowers I suppose The Leaves of Sage often drunk have cured some and the Leaves of wild Rocket often eaten Others beleeve that eleven Lice drunk down will cure the jaundies This Electuary is convenient Take of the conserve of the flowers or Roots of Succory of Maiden-hair each one ounce of the conserve of Smallage Roots Orris Orange peels each half an ounce of shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn each one dram and an ha● of the usual Pouders one dram make them into an Electuary with some of the aforementioned syrups let him take a Bolus and drink the Phisical Wine or water after it It will be of more force if you add to this Electuary two drams of Bitter Almonds one dram of the great cold seeds of Rhubarb one dram of Steel prepared two drams of Pouder of Earth-worms half a dram of Saffron one scruple and an half Cinnamon and Nutmeg each half a dram and with Oxymel of Squills make an Electuary The Pills of simples which are hard to be taken by Reason of their evil sent and tast in pouders are made thus Take of Gentian roots Birthwort Madder and Rhubarb and Myrrh each half a dram of steel prepared one dram of Hogs dung dryed one scruple of Saffron half a scruple mix them with juyce or syrup of Wormwood or of Horehound and make pills The Dose is one dram And the usual Pouders may be so made into Pills Outwardly Medicines are applyed to the Liver if that cause the jaundies either by Obstruction or Hardness such as are mentioned in the Cachexy also Oyntments Emplasters and Fomentations which need not be repeated being there mentioned To other parts of the Body which are discoloured Remedies may be used as Baths for taking away Choler that remains over the Body after the cause is removed and will not breath it self forth as at other times And they must be dry when we intend to sweat with Flax aired with Elder and Jun●per burnt also they must take an inward Sudorifick before bathing Moist Baths are made by boyling these following to cleanse and discuss as Pellitory of the Wall Beets Mallows Marsh-mallows Soapwort Centaury Wormwood Horehound Fumitory Chamomel Sorrel Elicampane Melilot Rosemary Organ Misleto of the Oak the greater Celandine golden Flowers which three last having yellow juyce are thought to be proper against Choller with Beans Lupines Bran and Barley Waters to wash with are used at the comming forth of the Bath made of cleansing Herbs For the face which is most visible to recover its colour it must be washed in the Bath and after with this Decoction or the like with Wine Vinegar Water of Roses Beans or Sorrel or with the Juyce of Pomegranates Lemmons Citrons or Syrup of Sorrel Vinegar dissolved in waters or Decoctions To take away the yellowness of the Eyes waters must be dropped into them with the Juyce of Pomegranates or wine and water or Juyce of Coriander You may put into the Nose things that by neesing disperse choller from the Face and Eyes anoynting the Nostrils within with Scammony which because it attracteth Choller is made choice of but we use it because by Experience we find that it provokes Neesing mixed with Honey but Elaterium mixed with Milk doth it more violently other Errhines do it more mildly as the Juyce of Horehound white Beets and Gith seeds and the Decoction thereof Also the Sent of Nigella or Gith when it is eaten and of Vinegar do the same Rubbings after bathing and otherwise are good to take away the Reliques of choller from the skin Applications made to the soles of the Feet have been cryed up by the vulgar as the greater Celandine and Misleto of the Oak whole or bruised with Horehound somtimes wine and Vinegar and salt and these applyed to the wrists work more speedily One told me for a certain truth that many have been cured of the jaundies by pissing upon new made Horse dung while it is hot Let the Diet be proper let the Drink be thin white wine mixed with the Decoction of Roots of Grass and Asparagus or other openers and let other things be answerable That Redness which comes from Blood The Cure of Redness which is chiefly in the Face if it be either from Bashfulness or Anger as it quickly comes so it goes away with the passion And that which continueth long which either comes from external Heat or a Disease hath no cure but by abating the Heat Paleness if it be from want of blood The Cure of Paleness by the loss of the flowrishing colour only and from cold it will continue only while the Body grows hot as that which comes by fainting returns afterwards and that which comes from a Disease will cease with the Disease and there is no peculiar Direction for it That Blackness which is Natural and comes from the seed if it be like a Blackmore
winded especially when he goes up hill or lieth down and it is the chief Symptom he complains of which also foretelleth a Dropsie before a tumor appear and when it comes it increaseth and from the beginning about Midnight after Concoction there is a pressing pain at the Heart and then short breathing and they are in Danger of choaking by which they are constrained to sit up like men in an orthopnaea Breathing with their Neck stretched out And when they lie on the one side either right or left they cannot lie long for shortness of wind on either side but are forced to lie upon their Backs At last the Disease increasing they cannot lie down at all because they are straight tormented thereby and they continue Day and and Night strait up and their Head bowed to their Breast for better breathing sitting long they spend the remnant of their daies miserably There strength decaies for want of lying down there Appetite is lost there is constant Thirst little Urin made the Urine is somtimes high red or Gold coloured and thick somtimes crude and watery somtimes not changed There is another kind of Dropsie Ascites A Tympany joyned with an Ascites in which the belly is far more extended and soundeth like a Drum being beaten in which you may hear a Noise upon motion with other accidents like the former onely the Feet swell not alwaies as in other kinds and this is a Tympany with an Ascites In the Dropsie Tympanites only the belly swells A Tympany alone and is stretched like a Drum from whence it is so called In which the stretching is so great that being strook it sounds like a Drum and being compressed it presently riseth nor will it keep an impression long as an Ascites doth These breath freer then they in the Ascites nor do they find any difficulty of breathing by lying down neither do their Legs or other parts swell besides there are Noises heard in the Belly and they have pain sometimes and are weak There is another Kind of Tympany in which with the aforesaid accidents The Tympany of the Guts there is a stoppage Pain and Vomiting with the Symptoms of the Disease of the Ilion Gut and Colon. The Belly also grows great Naturally as after Conception and somtimes besides Nature in a false Conception when there is a Mole with Conception or without so that a Woman seems great with Child thereby of which three kinds of tumors of the Belly we shall treat here shewing what they are and by what signs they are known That growing of the Belly which is in Women great with Child The growing of the Belly in a Woman with Child albeit being Natural it concerneth not us here yet that we may distinguish it from unnatural and shew that it comes not from any Disease which women do pretend which have been irregular and would conceale their bleeding and that we may pronounce some certainety or probability of Conception and that we may not mistake in this prediction which is easie in regard the women that have conceived are at the beginning especially very doubtful and do exceedingly desire to know and therefore do ask Physitians advise and send their waters we shall shew by signs accidents and Experiments how you may know that a woman hath conceived The Constitution of a woman fit to conceive doth with other signs make somwhat for the Knowledg of Conception This as they write is when besides the soundness of Body and Temperature which is thought to be best when contrary to the Mans she hath broad Loyness a large belly not too fat especially about the Privities But since we see those that are not such do conceive of what temper soever fleshy or lean nay the very least like Pigmyes we can gather great Matter from thence We hold her sit for Conception who is between fourteen and forty five and hath Parents that are fruitful Also if she have formerly conceived there is a stronge presumption if there be a doubt that she hath conceived It is necessary that before Conception she have Knowledg of a Man to enquire this of married people is in vain in others Necessary which when they will not confess it must be discovered by divers Arts among which this is one when there is great Suspicion if the Physitian by the water shall affirm that she is defiled because the vulgar people think a Physitian can tell any thing by the water or else the Parents and Magistrates shall force confession by threats Also if a woman shall perceive after the Use of a Man that she kept the Seed and that it went not out again although through Modesty she will not declare it it is a great sign of Conception especially if at that time she perceived any contraction of the Womb or sucking with great pleasure and that her Seed met with the Man 's at that time If the Terms stop which kept formerly their course it is a great and chief sign of Conception by which women presently judg themselves with Child and casting their account from the first Moneth after Copulation they collect the time of their lying in And if they doubt their Conception they will freely tell a Physitian when they stopped both they which are honest and others also though they which pretend other causes of their stopping And although in women with Child there is somtimes some evacuation of Blood from the Womb at some times yet is it be small and keep no order as the terms did it is not a sign of not conceiving and if the woman at the time she conceived gave suck and wanted her terms as it is usual and afterward though not presently the terms wholly stop it is probable she hath conceived and for this cause when Mothers perceive it they wean their Children If the belly grow bigger by degrees no accidents of a Disease being present it is a main sign of Conception especially if the tumor be most under the Navel and if it be hard and gathered together not pitting after impression as in the Ascites and not stretched out as in a Tympany and keeps the same Magnitude only except its gradual increase and grows not bigger when the Body is upright as in the Ascites and less when she lies down nor hath a tumor as in the Ascites suddenly fallen down when she turns upon one side when it is thus if it be not a false Conception or other Tumor joyned with a true as we have feen for then the belly swelling violently the Women are in Danger of Suffocation through shortness of Breath by which somtimes they die except by Abortion or by lying if they can attain to it they are freed pouring forth much water together with the Child The growing of the Breasts if other things be alike is a sign of Conception because in Diseases they rather decrease if they have Milk it is not to be doubted which we conjecture is made before it
was grown very big We also saw a woman loose a great deal of Blood with great Pulsation from the opening of a Vein which could scarce be stopped although many Remedies were applyed having a beating Tumor after the wound was healed which declared it to be an Aneurism And this came either because the Artery was cut by chance in the fleshless bending of the Arm where the Tumor was by reason of the blood ebbing and flowing under the skin after the wound was healed in the skin and not in the Artery Or because the Mouth of the Artery was fresh dilated before the incision was made and that caused that when the skin was cut there was a Flux which caused a Tumor after the cut was healed Neither can an Aneurism not be from the Arterial blood when it is under the skin and corrupted although this may be when blood is sent from the Veins into the empty spaces yet when Blood leaping from the Artery thus opened returns again and the skin is instead of an Artery it may be without concretion as when it is in the Artery And because this cannot be in the Veins an Aneurism cannot be from venal Blood A watery serous Humor produceth in divers places both general and particular Tumors because it is contained in divers parts of the body as in the veins which are dispersed all over and Bowels into which they are sent or in other Vessels being separated from the blood from which places somtimes simple Water otherwhiles mixed with other Humors comming forth produceth divers kinds of Tumors differing exceedingly as they are in the cavity of the Abdomen or Belly Codds Groyns or in the superficies of the Body either in the inferior parts only or al over as shall be shewed in particulars A serous Humor like Water getting into the Cavity of the Belly Water sent into the Cavity of the Abdomen is the cause of the dropsie Ascites or Abdomen causeth the Dropsie Ascites and then the belly swells more or less according to the quantity of the Water and is somtimes so full that it grows very large in which by tapping we have seen taken from the Living and found somtimes in the Dead threescore pound weight and above of water when much had formerly run out at the Feet which water doth not only burden with its weight but by pressing lying and hindering the free Motion of the Diaphragma or Midriff causeth difficulty of breathing of which they so complain and especially when the water goes more to the Midriff and oppresseth it hence it is that they breath better when they are standing for then the water goes downwards And if the same water weaken the Bowels Liver Spleen Veins Stomach and Guts by making them too moist or by its saltness or sharpness from mixture with other Humors or by its Corruption through long continuance till it stink make them too dry the Mesentery Cawle and Reins will be dryed and drawn up and the Fat clodded as we have seen Or if this water corrode the exulcerate in any part or putrifie the same we have seen the Cawle yellow and stinking in many as well as contracted and the Midriff hath been found the same in and opening of Hydropical People if this happen or if any other Bowels be hurt by this Water it will produce worse Symptoms in the hurt Functions of natural parts as want of Appetite Thirst Cachexy Atrophy and Diarrhaea and the like as by Corruption and Gangren of the Stomach by the water long contained therein a Vomiting with Heat and vehement Inflammation of the Oesophagus or Wezand which I saw in an Hydropical Woman which a liltle before her Death vomited often abundance of black stinking Water with great Inflammation of the Throat The cause of this water in the capacity of the Belly is from the parts of the lower belly which contains the Water or from the Bowels that are ordained for Sanguification as the Liver Spleen Reins or from the Veins which go through those parts and the rest or from the Bladder that holds the water from which if they be divided or the continuity dissolved by Diapedesis by which it is strained or Anastomasis by which the Mouths are open this water falls as shall be shewed in particulars Fernelius witnesseth that there is no Dropsie but it is caused by the solution of the continuity or Division of the Parenchyma or substance of the Liver And this by Anatomy we have often known And that chiefly when the substance of the Liver is cleft and gapeth from whence the water passing by it from the Vessels of the hollow and gate Vein and sweating under the Coats being there constrained fills them with water and makes them like bladders by separating the Tunicles from the parts under them which being broken the water runs into the Belly we have often seen these Bladders very large and clear growing to the Liver and Spleen in Men dead of the Dropsies and in an Ape and Butchers find the same in Cattel And when these coats are corroded the water falls directly into the belly The great Dryness of the substance of the Liver which makes it grow less is the cause of these clifts in the Liver And this came rather by a hot then cold Distemper as appears by the great Thirst of Hydropical People and the high Colour of their Urin and other signs of heat rather then cold and in regard they have it that time most deliciously with spiced meats and drink the strongest wine and so continue being young or aged at which time they fall into a Dropsie by reason of the Dryness of their bowels and they jestingly complain that they are troubled with water though they never drank it in their lives And this we have observed to have been the chief cause of dropsies in our Country and we perceive that a perpetual thirst in Drunkards which they long have had from the hot Distemper of their bowels which makes them ever drinking is a most sure fore-runner of a Dropsie if another Disease doth not prevent it by Death This also may come by heating of the Bowels immoderately with hot Medicines with which Women labour to warm the Stomach and Womb or when they have other cold Diseases These bowels may also be dryed and cleft by hot sharpe and constant Diseases as Feavers and Jaundies and therefore the Dropsie which sheweth rather the signs of heat then cold followeth these Diseases From a hard Tumor of these Bowels either all over them or in any part in the concave or convex part of the Liver or in the Spleen may these Clefts come from a Scirrhus of the Liver or Spleen or any other Tumor which will turn to an Imposthume Or there may be such openings by which the water may fall into the Abdomen because from this Hardness the Tunicle quickly cleaveth and if it imposthume and ulcerate then there is way made for the water as shall be said in
body by which it passeth with crude blood to the nourishing of the Parts and as the blood nourisheth them with crude Juyce so this watereth them And the Cause of the mixture of this serous Humor with the crude is the abundance of it in the Veins When there are Causes which produce these serous Humors joyned with the weakness of the Bowels that do sanguifie or make blood so that they cannot sufficiently compleat it as we shewed in the Leucophlegmacy Among which this was chief the immoderate increase thereof which most say is in the Liver and is Naturally produced at the second Concoction so that if the Liver be weakned or cooled because it cannot make the Chylus into Blood they say it turns it into Whey But these Arguments may proove that Whey and Serum is not made in the Liver but in the first Concoction and it takes its form presently from thence because being partly made in the Stomach with the Chyle of the best Juyce some part thereof is thinner as Whey in Milk and is of the same use with the Chylus of which it is a part and comming partly from the Humors abounding through eating and drinking and made thinner it hath the form of Whey and being sent into the Guts with other Excrements it is carried from the Mescraick Veins into the hollow Vein with the Chylus and without it as we see some who piss out Drink too much taken presently being suddenly snatcht to the Liver Hence it is that we must attribute the abundance of Serum to too much drinking and use of moist things which administer matter unto it rather then to the fault of the Liver except we will as some do call that crude Juyce which is made by defect in the Liver a serous Humor or because the separation of the Whey imperfect at the makeing of the Blood cannot be handsom but there is more Whey in the Blood then is needful and is not separated as in other places makes it more watery for this cause we may pronounce that the Serum or Whey is not only made by the Liver but also gathered into the Veins more plentifully And so to determine the Leucophlegmacy comes from the weakness of the Liver And this is chiefly when there is not a sufficient Evacuation by Urin the attractive Faculty of the Kidneys being weakned or when usual sweating is stopped which may be the only Cause without the Distemper of the Liver of water in the Veins And this is sooner when the Diet is such as breeds water These causes meeting make a Leucophlegmacy in which the whey or water called Serum is more then the crude Juyce or such as comes from only Serum when the Imbecillity of the Liver is absent As we have seen some who have swollen only by drinking a great Draught without fetching breath when they were very hot by reason of the Heat which carried the Humor suddenly into the Veins and thence into the Habit of the Body and the same hath been when a body hot and sweating was exposed to the Air through the strikeing in of the water And it sometimes happens that the water being carried from the Meseraick Veins into the Belly from the Causes aforesaid and so into the Habit of the Body that the Dropsie Ascites is produced with that called Anasarca and so they both are united Water falling into some parts and there gathered Water in the Feet may cause a swelling without a Dropsie causeth Swellings as when it is in the Feet of which we spake without the Dropsie Ascites it causeth a Tumor like that of a Dropsie being soft such as we described formerly And this is when together with the crude Nourishment which causeth Oaedematous Tumors it falls from the inferior parts into the Feet Or when in Diseases of the Feet as the Erysipelas Oedematous or the like these Excrements are carried with other Humors into the Feet and cause these Diseases and when the other are discussed the Tumor remaineth Or when by a Defluxion into the Eyes there is an Epiphora or Moistness and weeping which makes the Eye-lidds swel which was spoken of in the Eyes Or when in the Declination of other acute Diseases Nature disburdning the remainder of the Excrements with the water into the lower parts the Feet do swell and the sooner because having long kept the bed and their Feet up when they begin to walk the Humors flow downward This tumor of the Feet in men that are in Health is counted a good sign because the reliques are so carried away And because such thin Humors are quickly discussed it continueth not long unless it be such as shewed it self at first in the Feet which a Dropsie followed this deceiveth many and it may be discovered by other accidents which accompany a Dropsie We have formerly shewed that there hath been a Tumor in the skin Water in the Leggs the cause of particular tumors there upon the Longitude thereof only from a serous humor and because it came suddenly it was a sign that it t would go suddenly away though it pitted with strong Impression And this was sent by Nature by reason of the plenty of it as appeared by the Parties continual Sweating and by reason of the thinness and sharpness which caused Itching And there was also a Loosness of the Feet and a contraction If water be sent under the skin into any outward part Water gathered under the skin of the Head the cause of Hydrocele if it separate the skin from the part and fill the space between it causeth a Tumor as under thick skins of the Head in the Tumor called Hydrocelephale comming from plenty of water there breeding and gathered together And when water is under the skin of the Navel Water in the Navel is the cause of Hydronphalon the Tumor called Hydromphalon is raised being carried thither by the Navel-vein enlarged or by reason of the plenty thereof or from other causes while the Passage is not dryed as we shewed in a Dropsie may be When water is in the Eye-brows there is a swelling Water in the Eye-brows Cause of their Swelling and the sooner with tears and rubbing because they will often Itch. Somtimes there is a sudden Defluxion of Blood into the Eye with water with Swelling and Redness as if there had been a stroak comming and going about the ball of the Eye These have I seen in two Children of evil Habit of Body having pain in the Limbs and the running Gout Also when water is under the scarfe Skin Water under the skin of the Eye the Cause of Phlyctana if it be separated from the parts beneath and the Mouths of the Veins that end there and stop them causeth the Bladder called Phlyctaena And this will be so in other parts The cause is the abundance of whey brought thither and hindered from passing through the Pores by Sweat and therefore it getteth under the skin and lifteth it
require a general Cure proper for the Pox and also some particulars they shall be declared in the Cure of the Pox. The Nodes in the Head-ach in the Fore-head vanish when the Head-ach is gone usually but if they remain you must evacuate and use external Applications mentioned The callous Nodes which come not from a Disease Of Callous Nodes which eates the Periostium or skin upon the Bone but from over much Nourishment by Bone Juyce so that it seems to be a new Bone growing to the other Or which come after a broken bone are hard to be taken off but continue the whol Life But if they be offensive we shall study to remove them with outward Remedies Not using Evacuations because they come from an outward Cause We may apply things mentioned for the Gout or for Scrophula And we know by Experience that Narcoticks or Stupefactives do much by which we have dissolved desperate Nodes in Men and Beasts Taking the Roots of Mandracks Leaves of Henbane and Hemlock boiled in Vinegar for a Fomentation and Cataplasm to which Bee-nettles may be added Plaisters and Oyntments of Quick-silver are as good here as in the Pox. To soften Nodes use the Cerot of Oesypum which is made of Oyl of Chamomil Orris Oesypum or Grease of Sheeps-wool Rosin Turpentine Mastick Wax Spikenard and Saffron Also the Plaister of the Son of Zachary made of Nerve-Oyl Oesypum or Grease of Sheep-wool Goose grease Marrow of a Cow bone Turpentine Bdellium Ammoniacum Mastick Storax Aloes Foenugreek and Chamomil with Saffron There is another of Calfes suet Olibanum Juyce of Squills and Wax also the Oesypum'd Plaister of Paul and the Diapente of Democritus The Nodes are somtimes cut off especially when they grow towards the Joynts and hinder the Motion And this Operation is safest when they are upon the bare bone only covered with the skin This is done first by opening the skin and laying them bare and then with a sharp knife with one cut taking them from the Bone and by curing the wound which may be done by burning but not safely nor quickly If the Callous Tumors of the Nailes come from any Hurt The Cure of the callous Tumor of the Nails it will be gone as the Nails grow out and are paired But if from an internal Cause they become uneven and thick they will not be made thin yet we must attempt it if we suppose the Distemper of the Body was the Cause by removing that and by external Remedies Emplasters and Baths which soften that we may still cut off the Tumor that the new Nails may grow thinner A Callus in the Hands The Cure of the Callus or thickness of the Skin is a sign of labour and no dishonor and in the Heel doth strengthen the Motion and therefore requires no Cure besides if there be rest it will peell off and a new skin succeed But if they grow to be an hinderance in touching or going as Cornes then we must use Softners And chiefly Baths for the Hands and Feet of warm water and softning Plants mentioned in Clysters that mollifie and in the Baths for a Scirrhus with Grease and fat Tripe-broath and Oyls Also Oyntments Plaisters of Oyls Grease Mucilages and Gums mentioned in Scirrhus and things that soften a Corn. Among the which Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar is most softning After bathing pare the Hands Nails and Feet about the Heel with a Pumex Stone or File We took away a Corn in the side of the Foot which was very troublesom and hard with our Cautery that causeth no pain The Cure of Scars or Callus in the skin The Cure of Scars is not accounted needful especially in Soldiers to whom a wound in the Face is honorable because it argues they saced their Enemy and ran not Also when it comes from any other Cause if it be even with the skin as a white Lye it is neglected because it is like the skin and must not be altered to another Color least it be more apparent But when it sticks forth or is uneven we must make it with cleansing Remedies equal with the skin such as follow The Decoction of wild and Garden Poppy for a Fomentation Also the Water of Lilly or Bean flowers and that of Mans dung commended by some Also Oyl of Myrrh and Yolks of Eggs of bitter Almonds Peaches Dates or instead thereof beat the Kernels and rub the part The Common People rub it with fasting Spettle The Liquor that sweats through Eggs roasting in the Embers The Grease of the Fish Thymalus Or an Oyntment of Rocket and Mustard seed with Ox Gall. Or of Borax Camphire and Grease or Marrow Oyl of Nutmegs boiled in Vinegar and Niter is commended of Dioscorides An Oyntment Take of the Roots of wild Cowcumber or Dragons Orris Reeds each two drams Mellon seeds and Raddish roots each one ounce Harts Horn or burnt Egg-shells each half a dram white Chalk Crystal or Amiantum one dram and an half Frankincense one dram Sugar Candy three drams Gum Traganth infused or the Mucilage of Foenugreek one ounce with Oyl or Grease Make an Oyntment If these avail not use strong Cleansers Corroders and Burners if you will take it quite away Such as we shewed in Discoloration to take away Spots You must also pare it with a Pen-knife as a Callus If the Scar be deep like a pit you cannot make it even unless you first cut or burn it and they fill up the Cavity with new flesh and after heal it But in the pits after the small Pox through the Face and Nose The Cure of the pits of the small Pox. because strong things cannot be well applied there is little hope of Cure great Men would have spared for no cost to have it done for their Children if possible If any thing be done it must be softners and attracters to raise the flesh and make it even As the Decoction of Lillies Calfes feet which will do but little and this is rather to be prevented in the Cure of the small Pox as we shall mention there The Cure of the pit of the Navel growing too deep is neglected The Cure of the pitting of the Navel because being private it is no Impediment as also that tumor which comes from the growing of it hard but we shall shew the cure of the Navel Rupture and Water-rupture Warts and Cornes either depart of themselves The Cure of warts cornes or are not regarded when they are not visible but when in the Face or Hands as Warts or when they cause pain and hinder motion as Cornes we may cure them easier then other hard tumors though they have deep Roots and be hard yet being in the Pores and not fastned to the true skin as one with it nor covered with it as other tumors and being without seeling so that you may apply what you please the Cure is easier which we thus order that
discovery as also of the Pulse which hath no Alteration The Venereal Disease called by that name The French Pox. because it comes from Venery and because it is there frequent and came from thence the Neapolitan Disease or French Disease may be more truely called the Indian Disease thence it came first doth corrupt the body with as many accidents as the Elephantiasis and makes it filthy sick and uncomely And in this there is great pain and if it be alone it is referred to the pains about the bones but if it be mixed with other accidents it is to be referred hither And these accidents are to be diligently searched into because it is infectious and that it being known betimes the unsound may be separated from the sound for which end there are proper Hospitals These accidents following are the chief The Hair usually falls off in the French Pox which is a sign One kind of French Pox. especially about the Temples Forehead and Eye-brows and in men the beard falls and this is a more certain sign if other accidents concur albeit if there be no sign of another Disease it will be a sign of the Pox alone and also if they confess that they have had to do with unclean Women The skin is sometimes sprinkled with small Spots Another kind of French Pox. red and like Fleabits or Freckles dark yellow or blew in many places in the Face Neck Breast Belly Privities somtimes all over And we have somtimes seen these Spots so joyned together that the skin hath been broadly infected especially in the Breast and Back and somtimes in the Belly or other places which being pressed the strange colour flew away and the pit was white and presently returned to its former colour These Spots either alone if we can discover no other cause thereof besides unclean Copulation declare the beginning of the Pox or some small kind of it as also the falling off of the Hair alone or with other accidents they will be more certain and shew the Disease to be worse High Pustles without pain are somtimes in the skin The third kind of french Pox. reddish or yellowish round hard and covered with a dry Scurfe in the Forehead Ears Nostrils Jaws and in the Head also in the Neck Breast Arms and other parts and these certainly declare the Pox. Besides there are divers malignant Pustles in the inward parts the Mouth Jaws Nostrils and Praepuce or Foreskin of a mans Yard and Womens Privities these if many together do certainly signifie the Pox especially if other signs went before or come after In Children infected these Pustles in the Mouth are the chieft sign of it There come also filthy Ulcers from the Pustles mentioned in divers parts yet chiefly in the tender parts of the skin Face Nose Lips and about the Privities and that cancer in the Praepuce or Fore-skin of the Yard and those in womens Privities also in the Jawes Mouth as the little sores called Aphthae or thrush Nostrils and in the Posteriors Some of these creep on and corrode the subject parts and corrupt the bone and bring hurt to the parts either by Lameness or loss of the same Others disfigure the Face by eating off the Nose others corrode the Lips so that they cannot drink or sup which must be done by the lips as I have seen Others have eaten through the Palate and consumed the Vvula whereby the voice hath been hoarse and they have spoken through the Nose and snuffled Also these Ulcers corrupt the Glans Nut or Head of the Yard and makes them unfit for Venery as we shewed in corroding Ulcers such as hinder Functions and Actions By these especially if many together and mix'd with other accidents we certainly discover the French Pox. Pains about the Bones without flesh as in the Shins The fourth kind of the French Pox. Shoulders Head Fore-head and Temples somtimes in the Breast which is only pained in this Disease These pains are great and worst towards night and when they are touched neither will they be asswaged with Anodines or Stupefactives as other parts but worse thereby These if without other signs are to be referred to the pains in the Habit of the Body And if they be joyned with other accidents they make a distinct Pox from the rest and it is easily known Besides these there are other accidents which are signs of the Pox which being alone because they may be also in other Diseases cannot determine certainly except after copulation with unclean Women they cause a suspicion And then also we cannot undoubtedly pronounce it the Pox except there be other signs for before ever the pox was known there were venereal Buboes or Swellings in the Groin without Infection that came by Copulation and other accidents which we shall explain And if they come from the Pox there will presently be other signs as pain about the Bones falling of Hair Spots or Pustles These following accidents are both in the Pox and in other diseases and are exactly described elsewhere therefore we shall but touch upon them here The Swelling in the Groin called Bubo venereus sometimes breaks forth in the beginning and vanisheth presently or if it remain it grows hard or comes to matter nor is it unlike that Bubo which is without the Pox. These are Swellings called Condylomata in the Privities of a Woman and of a Man also which are also like those that are without Infection There are clifts also in the Hands and Feet and the skin in the Palm of the Hand being thick comes off without pain as we shewed it may without the Pox. It is observed that the Nails and Hair also fall off Somtimes there are Nodes or Knots in that kind of pox which is about the bones with pain in the Forehead Shins and other parts without flesh as we shewed in pains about the Bones which are without the Pox and yet very like it Somtimes there is matter that flow from the Privities both of Man and Woman fouling their Linnen with a yellowish stain which follows a venemous Matter or Seed mentioned in the infectious or virulent Gonorrhaea or running of the Reins this is joyned with the Pox and is somtimes without it There is also here a burning of Urine with dropping of the same as in other Diseases As for the other accidents that hinder Actions because they come not of themselves from this Disease but by accident from other Causes and Diseases if they grow troublesom being general and belonging to other Diseases of continuance and do not constitute the Pox neither can we take any certain signs thereof from them we willingly pass them by As we counted it also to be superfluous to predict or foretel any thing hereof by the Urin or Blood being contrary to experience and we think it sit to cherish the people in their Folly of supposing all things may be known by urin The Scurvey is called by Pliny and
Mother Although God sometimes inflicts this as a Punishment with that means It is a received Opinion that one Body will infect another and therefore they are separated one from the other and it appears to be so because the Infection being in the external parts and skin only nay by touching or lying together especially in Mariage may easily be conveighed to the skin of another or by the use of the same Cups or Spoons or taking in of meat which the infected have chewed it may get first into the Mouth and then into other parts As we shewed the venom of the Pox and of beasts could infect by spettle And they are soonest infected that are of a like temper as those of a Kindred as we have upon search found two or three Brethren infected in the same Family Or they have some capacity to receive it which we can scarce declare but it is such because when many have been together in the same danger onely one or two have been infected Also they say that other Creatures infected therewith may infect Man-kind for although Beasts have somwhat like the Leprosie as tumors in the Jawes in Hogs yet because it is not every way the same neither have they other signs of it as men have it is either not the Leprosie or another kind and will infect only beasts of their own kind and not men Also we daily find by Experience that poor people eat daily meazled Hogs and yet have no signs of Leprosie I have observed that a Woman with Child that longed for meazled Pork and eat much of it brought forth a Son who had meazly Pustles all along his Back-bone very like those of Swine spread abroad continuing a while and then vanishing without any other inconvenience We shall affirm little but leave it to every Mans Experience whether from the biting or stinging of venemous beasts or touching only of Venom or drinking or smelling as they say of basil this Leprosie can come or not although the people have divers Opinions thereof It appears this Infection may come from Humors very often because many Leprous Persons have not taken it by Insection and we see often them that have conversed long with Lepers and been married to them to have remained sound Therefore because we cannot perceive any other Cause from whence it should arise we conclude that it comes from within Moreover we cannot say that these Humors from whence the venemous Quality comes into the parts arise from Distemper or Corruption as is generally beleeved because they produce no other Diseases or accidents or signs of the same which use to arise from the change of Humors in that manner but that a certain venemous Quality produceth a Disease like it self And this may be bred in the Blood and with that property by which it can onely hurt some places according to the Nature of poyson it hurts only the skin and Tunicles only and no other part For the doing of which and that its force may come to the Supersicies of the Body it is not needful that all the blood be corrupted for then it would kill the Party but some part thereof Or if this poyson being against Nature be driven to the exteriour parts by it the Cause with its Effect produced will stick there only where the Infection brake forth and no longer be in the Blood although it came originally from thence and so corrupt the substance of the parts and that will corrupt the nourishing Juyce as I shewed and so cause and nourish and Elephantiasis These venemous Seeds in the Blood except the Blood be first insected and then the parts of the Body from it may come from some Corruption in the same or Putrefaction in which the blood may be turned into Venom as in other poysons whereof we have spoken in other Diseases among which as some are said to come from the Terms which are accounted venemous so they say the Elephantiasis comes also not only in a Woman when her Courses are stopped but in a Man by Infection when he hath had to do with a menstrous Woman or in a Child conceived at that time All which come not from the menstrual Blood because it is not of its own Nature in sound women filthy as we shewed except that it or other blood for other Causes contract such evil as may produce the venemous Seeds of an Elephantiasis And it is hard to judg by bleeding whether it comes from meat or a Disease afore going or what kind of Venom it is but by the effect In the Cause of the Elephantiasis begin other Humors as Melancholy as some think it is or any other and if it proceed not from its certain quality though hurtful or if it be Naturally in Humors preternatural or become such from Corruption because other Diseases come from thence which are not found in an Elephantiasis but then also it wil come from the corruption of them from whence these Humors receive a venemous and malignant Quality fit to produce an Elephantiasis they will produce it that as we shewed of Blood by driving it the outward parts of the body and by infecting them It is thought that this Leprosie is contracted by extream Cold external of the Body when men have been long in Water Air or Snow or after vehement Heat as bathing they endure a great cold or when they cool a hot Tumor as Erysipelas too suddenly But because other accidents come from thence as when there is extream cooling the extinguishing of Natural Heat and Mortification of the part we cannot make this a cause of the divers accidents in this Leprosie Nor can we affirm that other Tumors and Ulcers in these outward parts can be turned into this Disease although many think it to be possible in an Erysipelas and Herpes because when they are changed into a malignant Scab which the Greeks call a Leprosie they take it for a kind of Elephantiasis from which it differs as I shewed And if any external Diseases should turn into this the Humors that caused them must first of Necessity turn into a venemous Quality by Corruption In the French Pox that Venom which produceth it The part affected in the French Pox. is chiefly in the Membranes which causeth Diseases there and Pain as we shewed As pains about the Periostium or Skin or Bone where there is no flesh in the Head Shins Breast and Nodes in some places But the Elephantiasis chiefly in the skin the mouth Jawes Nostrils causeth the Hair to fall Spots Ulcers c. The Disease of the French Pox is a Distemper of these parts An evil quality is the cause of the French Pox. and such a venemous quality as is fit not only to produce such accidents as are in the Elephantiasis but more and great pains as appears by what is said in Elephantiasis and in the second Book of the Pox. Where we have at large declared where and how this Venom comming of
vomit blood without hurt or from the ceasing of other bleeding at the Nose or when blood is in the Body from the taking off of a Member Or from the thinness of the blood mixed with water or from the thinness of the Choler in divers Diseases or from other impurity or malignity Also Blood is vomited somtimes from a Contusion about the stomach upon the parts adjacent or from some hurt of the stomach by any thing swollowed or a wound Also blood from the Jawes or Nose or Breast swallowed down is vomited up in clodders As I lately observed in our Cap-maker who being loaden with his wares and comming from a fair towards night made great hast to get into the City before the Gates were shut but being tyred he lay in the Suburbs all night in a sweat And comming into the City the next morning he grew very weak with Vomiting of clotted Blood with a Megrim and purging also of Blood The Cure When any thing is sent forth by Vomit profitably or necessarily it must not be stopped but provoked if it come not freely But if by violence and long continuance the strength decay or the like then you must make it more easie or shorter When it is unprofitable as of meat or medicine it must be prevented and stopped If Vomiting come after surfeiting The Cure of preternatural Vomiting from things taken in or Drunkenness it must not be stopped but furthered But if it be often take heed of it and use things mentioned in Alienation of Mind and let them not sleep presently upon a full stomach nor let them cause Giddiness usually goes before with reading or motion And if it continue give things mentioned Agarist Vomiting Choler When Vomiting is from Loathing of things necessary which were better kept in the Body that must be prevented especially after a purge is taken because if it be suddenly vomited up the working is lost but if it be kept any while the medicine may have an Operation though cast up with many Excrements which could not go downwards And though the stools are not large because of the double Evacuation yet the medicine will work its effect And the rather if it be not all vomited up You must prevent the Vomiting up of a medicine with pleasant scents and tasts which resist the evil scent and tast thereof as with a crust of bread toasted and dipped in Vinegar applied to the Nose with the pouder of Nutmeg or Cloves or by tying a clout dipped in Vinegar about the Neck or washing the Mouth with Vinegar and Water Or by eating or chewing some sharp fruit or other pleasant thing An Eg held to the throat is thought by the common people to hinder the Vomiting of a medicine Also there are many things in Vomiting Choler which will prevent it here But if Vomiting begin when the purge should work with pain at the Heart it is not amiss because Evacuation is made both wayes Yet because they are weakned by the heart-pain so that they sound somtimes let them wash the stomach from that which pricks it when it first begins As Barley-water which Hippocrates saies must be taken warm with Sugar or Cream of Barley with Sugar or Pease-broath whatsoever allayes pricking is then good As any Broath of flesh A Clyster then given takes away the Heart-pain and quickens the medicine and hinders the Vomiting If Vomiting follow the violence of any medicine or poyson then we give things to resist the sharp burning and malignant force and to cleanse that they may vomit easily and stop it not Or if we do it is with stupefactives to take away the sense of the stomach Or we give Antidotes against poyson which if they have Opium as Treacle are the better Such as are mentioned in the Pain of the Heart If Vomiting be from Flegm or any crude Humor The Cure of Vomiting of Flegm raised from Excrements or Excrements whether in Cacochymicks Women with Child or Diseases and Excrements be voided thereby it must not be stopped But if it come often and in sound men or sick it is convenient or if it be too violent you must stop it observing diligently if it be in women with child or the Patient be sick of another Disease that proper medicines may be given Vomits are given in Vomitings when there is a tough Humor in the stomach which continually provoketh and yet will not be voided but alwayes provoketh to vomit Then you must give a Vomit that cleanseth and cutteth when it is clammy The Kinds of Vomits are mentioned in the Cure of Weakness of the Stomach Purgers to provoke downwardly are given when vomits cannot work or sufficiently discharge that they may cease to molest and pass the usual wayes Such are mentioned in the Weakness of the Stomach But you must make choice of the best and pleasantest Purges least they be vomited up again Among which the purging wine is the best Or Pills if they can be swallowed Clysters also draw down the Cause and are good in great Vomiting not given in great quantity nor too sharp or loosning least when they get into the Colon they shouldpress the stomach that is near or relaxe it or provoke it such as are mentioned in the Colick When in a constant Vomiting no meat can be retained you must preserve the Patient with nourishing Clysters such as are prescribed in the Hectick When the Matter is voided by Vomit by Nature by Art by Stool you may give things to stop such are in this Cause hot and binding proper for the stomach such as are mentioned in the Weakness of the Stomach To which you may add the following which are good when Vomiting is too violent Cinnamon-water being pleasant is good to stop Vomiting and other distilled Spices that are not loathsom mentioned in the weakness of the stomach Wine is best to stop Vomiting because it is pleasant to the stomach especially Rich-wine A Physical Wine made by Infusion which is bitter is better then sweet because that provokes Vomiting That of Wormwood is best to which the matter is very tough we add Squills Gentian and topps of Centaury Another of Mints Marjoram topps of Rosemary Bettony Myrtle-leaves red Roses Cor●ander seed infused in wine with Wormwood Cloves Nutmegs Mace Hippocras is good also or other Wines mentioned in weakness of the stomach or made of the Aromatical Pouders in wine as shall be shewed with Pouder of red Coral with but a little Sugar least the sweetness offend Decoctions are not so pleaseant but are easily vomited up but they may be made into a Syrup and given by spoonfuls As of Wormwood and Mints with wine with Juyce of Mints Pomegranates and Quinces Or this Decoction Take Roots of Cypress Galangal white Thorn each half an ounce Mirts Bettony Burnet each one handful Rosemary topps one pugil Coriander seed two drams Piony seeds one dram Schaenanth Spike and Coral poudered each one dram and an half boyl them in wine
cause an Inflammation of the guts which is somtimes joyned with a Dysentery And by reason of strong irritation when the guts are not ulcerated through the opening of the mouths of the vessels there may be voiding of blood by stool seldom pure often clotted and somtimes black as we shewed Or there may be a bloody Flux like a Dysentery with an Inflammation in which without an ulcer of the guts blood flows with great pain a Feaver and straining As we have observed in Infants opened that have been thought to die of a Dysentery If this irritation be in the end of the strait gut The irritation of the strait gut is the cause of Tenesmus or an ulcer then by reason of the exquisite sense of the part there is a continual provoking to stool and is the cause of Tenesmus which if it come from an ulcer hath signs of blood and matter this is the first kind of Tenesmus If Choler flow or other clammy Matter it causeth the second sort of Tenesmus if nothing the third And then the strait gut is provoked or molested with the stone in the bladder that lies near it or with a tumor or hard excrements or heat which inflameth the urin or from worms called Ascarides As shall be shewed This Tenesmus which hath needing or straining without voiding of any thing may come from cold gotten into the Fundament And this irritation may open the Haemorrhoids and then pure blood is voided Some Diseases of the stomach and guts cause Dejections with less pain Pain of the stomach or guts is the cause of Dejection then irritation as the being burdened with excrements and humors and other bodies or when they are so many that they cannot contain them longer being preternatural and of an evil quality which provoketh Excretion Hence are divers sorts of Dejections In all which the stomach and guts do sooner void excrements when they are dilated or loosned The Faeces of the Belly and the Chyle coming upwards The stopping of the guts is the cause of vomiting Excrements by reason of the stoppage of the guts cause this preternatural Excretion by vomit the cause of which stoppage we shewed in the Convolvulus and in the Cure of the Rupture When the guts are wounded A Wound in the guts is the cause of voiding excrements thereat the excrements come out there if it pierce the belly and wound the guts and if the thick guts are wounded thick Excrements flow out if the thin thin And if the Jejunum be wounded the Chyle comes forth And somtimes being turned into a Fistula the Excretion remains there and the Patient liveth And this is when the lips of the wounds of the guts and belly grow together which is sooner in a fleshy part of the belly And then if the ulcer be not closed as I have seen it turns to a Fistula and le ts out the excrements and keeps them from falling down This is like that of the bladder As we shewed in preternatural Pissing That voiding of dung at the womb A Wound in the strait gut is the cause of Excrements from the womb and by urin mentioned comes from an ulcer in the strait gut which joyns to the neck of the womb and bladder The Causes of all these Diseases of the Stomach and Guts from whence these preternatural Excretions arise besides wounds ulcers and obstructions from whence the excrements are sent forth by vomit urin or the womb As we shewed in the Iliack passion are from these following If purging medicines do so stir up the expulsive Faculty of the Stomach and Guts that they work too strong Purges cause over purging bloody Flux or too long there is super-purgation And though this cometh commonly from strong medicines yet gentle things as Cassia Manna may cause it by their cleansing quality being dry unctious and provoking Nature by contrariety Some purges are sharp and hot as Spurge wild Cowcumber Coloquintida Laurel and these do not only over purge but ulcerate by corroding and inflaming and cause Dysenteryes or bloody Fluxes by opening the veins If the force of them reach to the Fundament it causeth Tenesmus as from Coloquintida or they open the Haemorrhoids And the same may be done by Clysters and Suppositories forcibly thrust up which cause a Tenesmus And this may be done by the violent use of a Clyster-pipe Besides purges Clysters and Suppositories the cause of Diarrhaea and Tenesmus poyson may cause Diarrhaea's and Dysenteryes Among which the pouder of a Loadstone drunk is the cause of a Dysentery Also other sharp and pricking things swallowed Also Poysons and some Meats Drinks but they stay seldom in the Guts Meat and Drink by plenty and corruption or crudity causeth preternatural Dejections especially when swallowed down and being crude they lie heavy breed wind disturb or being moist loosen or fat and cause slipperiness and so produce a diarrhaea Or things that easily corrupt cause a Diarrhaea sooner being turned into bad humors Of which we shall speak Or things that breed many Excrements Mud or Filth or sordid Matter by their plenty and adverse quality may cause a Diarrhaea This may be partly from the Meat that will easily be so corrupted and from the Stomach which is apt to pervert them As we shewed in Weakness of the Stomach But if meat remains crude without any concoction there is Lientery when it is much and burdensom to Nature and thrown out as taken in This is when things are taken that either cannot be digested but with great difficulty or when the stomach is so weakned as that it cannot concoct as I shewed in Weakness of the Stomach also a Scar left in the stomach from a wound is reported to be a cause when these causes meet there is a Lientery and if they be at a certain time from meat that many eat or the like there is a popular Lientery which they suppose comes from the Air. Sharp pricking Humors that burn and corrode cause preternatural Dejections Choler is the cause of Diarrhaea Dysentery or Tonesmus as yellow and black Choler which if bred in the stomach and guts or sent thither from the gall or meseraicks by its plenty or in Diseases as in Jaundies and Feavers being mixed with the Flegm and slime of the Guts and with water or serum made milder causeth only a Diarrhaea which sends forth moist froath yellow or black Excrements as the Choler is But if the Choler bemore malignant such as corrodes and grips the guts whereit can lie longer then in the stomach then it produceth a Dysentery with Inflammation or Ulcer or such a bloody Flux as was mentioned as Choler is which flows with the blood and excrements either yellow green or black Also the same Choler descending to the end of the strait Gut and there sticking if it be clammy by provoking or ulcerating the part causeth Tenesmus And this may follow a Dysentery by reason of
not to be referred to a preternatural Birth but to evil conformation or Deformity from the Birth as we shewed in Deformity The taking away of parts from the body The taking off of parts that constitute the Body although it may be a Disease in number diminished or if they come piece meal in magnitude diminished where we made mention of them yet they may be reserred hither As if the Eye be thrust out of its place or if any humor as the watery Crystal or glassie Humor of the Eye should flow forth or if part of the Brain should come forth at the Nose the Teeth pull'd out of the Mouth the tongue cut off the Lungs be spit up the Guts fall out as in the Haeretick Arrius by a divine Judgement rather then by a Natural Cause Or which is usual when from a wound any part of the Brain Lungs Liver or Spleen comes forth as we said in the Hurt of those parts The Causes The Causes of the Excretion or Voiding of an Infant or of any parts that constitute the body is the solution of Contiguity or things near or of Continuity as shall be shewed Natural Birth when the Child comes ripe and quick into the world The separation of the Vessels of the Child which were joyned to the Vessels of the Womb is the Cause of Natural Birth is when the child 〈◊〉 so grown that the Mother can no longer contain it but it must have have more Air for life and more nourishment and if it should grow bigger it could not get out of those strait Passages Therefore provident Nature ariseth and moveth it by the expulsive Faculty separating the Veins and Arteries by which the bed of the Infant or Secundine was joyned to the womb without any hurt even as the stalks of ripe Fruit fall easily from the tree driveth down the I●●●ant by the help of the Mother and so brings it forth not without pain labor sweat and bleeding by reason of the opening of the Veins in the Womb and Secundine more or less in all Women In a preternatural Birth The separation of Vessels before the Child is ripe is the Cause of Abortion when the Child is sent forth unripe by Natur 's force dividing the Connexion of the Vessels there are somtimes less accidents then in a Natural if the Child be small But if there be this Separation of Vessels by a greater force and solution of continuity and tearing which stirrs up Nature to the work there are greater accidents as Pains and Bleeding There are divers Causes of the dividing of the Vessels The Separation of the Vessels by the violent Motion of Body or Mind is the Cause of Abortion and spurring of Nature to the work which procure Abortion if the Child be shaken by violent Motion of the Body so that the Vessels by which it hangs to the womb are divided Nature especially when near the time will send it forth so it may be driven down by leaping as Hippocrates speaks of the tyre-maker that cast away her Child voluntarily also it may come by other violent motions especially of the lower parts by riding running or other violent Motion It may come also with pressing of the Belly by some external Injuries or with strong tying of the Muscles of the Belly or from couging vomiting neesing crying scowring by which also in a Natural Birth the Delivery is helped As the Excrements of the belly so the Child also may be driven down in a Convulsion made by the compression of the Muscles and a violent motion of the body As we saw one that without Sense aborted in the fit of a Convulsion and wondered when she came to her self what had been done to her Belly Also Nature stirred up by Passions of the Mind through the vehement Agitation of the Spirits will cause Abortion as by Fear Anger and other Passions hath been ordinarily seen especially if they swound for then the Child is deprived for that time of vital Spirits with the Mother from whom it receives them When Nature is stirred up by things taken or applied Abortion caused by stirring up of Nature it voided divers things and so also the Child as by the use of purging Medicines which force Nature violently so that not only the Excrements but the Child also is voided Also by the use of those things mentioned in the want of Terms and bringing forth either taken in or applied to the womb by opening the Passages and provoking the womb by a Propriety to provoke Terms or driving down the Child Abortion may be caused The expulsive Faculty is compelled somtimes by humors that burden the womb to void not onely them but the Child also especially by blood which if it be too plentiful for the nourishing of the Child and not consumed by it about the Veins of the Womb it burdeneth Nature which labours to throw it out and sometimes the Terms comming upon a Woman with Child the Child is also sent forth with them Therefore when women with child have their Terms they are in danger to miscarry Or if the Terms be provoked by opening a Vein in the Foot the same may happen and therefore women with Child must not be let Blood in the Foot Also the Terms will sooner be provoked if the blood be thin cholerick or foul and unfit to nourish the Child When the womb is moistned with water so that it is too loose to hold the Child that it is the chief cause of Abortion as some say And if it were so it must needs be without it and moisten the Orifice of the Neck of the womb which is close shut in women with Child because it cannot be in the womb whose cavity is filled with the Child and if it could be there it could not so loosen it nor can it do it when in the Neck of the womb because it cannot remain there and there must be a greater cause of Abortion then that The chief Abortion is from a dead Child Separation of vessels by a dead child is the Cause of Abortion because then Nature labours to void it as being burdensom the causes of dead Children are divers As external force to the belly being great as a Stroak or Contusion Want of Nourishment by which it decaies and at length dieth this is not easie for while the Mother liveth the Veins can scarce be so empty that there is nothing for the Child Moreover though the Mothers blood be impure and foul the Child will have the best of it hence it is that we have observed that women in Ptysicks and Hecticks have gone their time and brought well But it may happen that if a woman with Child have her Terms violently and long the Veins of the womb and all other parts will be so exhausted that the Child must want Nourishment And this is so if for the Causes aforesaid the Child being alive the Vessels are separated from them of the womb
And then it can live no longer not only because it wants Blood but because it wants vital Spirits by reason of the Separation of the Arteries and cannot take breath The Mothers by certain signs do know that the Child in the womb hath a Disease and is sick and like to die but those are not easily determined till Birth nor then except there be visible manifestation as I said of the Dropsie But without doubt Children in the womb have some Diseases as a hot Distemper must needs be in the Child when the Mother hath a Feaver which is in all Parts and also in the Child Or when the woman hath another Disease she may communicate it to the Child or she being full of evill Humors may conveigh them into the Child with the blood and so it may be cacochymical or of evil Juyce or she may give it the Pox or Plague and this is not without a great cause because the Child takes the best and most agreable to it and though the Mother be sick the Child may be sound As Children that sucked their Mothers of the Plague have been by us observed to escape it when others have died Yet I knew a Child born of the mother when she had the small Pox to be full of the same Also it is thought that things taken by the mother or applied to her womb may bring a malignant quality destructive to the child as many Medicines which do kill children and are Poyson Some Diseases that come from the Seed in conception to the child appear sooner some later and kill him before his Birth or continue by him after they are mentioned in Deformity in Diseases original There is a Solution of continuity A Wound or an Ulcer is the Cause of taking away a part that constituts the Body divers waies in the voiding of parts that constitute the Body as a wound when part of the substance of the brain Lungs Liver Spleen is cut off and comes out by the wound or the teeth or tongue is cut off they or some of its Humors fall out which also may come from an Ulcer Also the Brains may come out at the Nose by a contusion as we shewed in Wounds of those parts The Cure A natural and legitimate Birth when the Child comes ripe forth in due time he must not be delivered but well ordered and if it be difficult assisted Concerning which how the Mother and the Midwife should behave themselves we shewed in the defect of Child-birth When travail is past then you must have a care of the Mother and child The Gournment of the Mother and Child after Labor for the Mother you must mitigate her pain and provoke her Flux after Labour and strengthen her thus Let her be raised up gently in her bed that she faint not and give her broath and wine and good Scents to refresh her and let her be moderate in eating and sleeping and keep her out of the Air till she grows strong and her womb be brought to its former Condition which will be sooner if her Belly be rouled gently down As for the Child let him be washed in hot water from his filth and wiped with Feathers and anointed with cream or butter or Oyl of sweet Almonds then roul him and lay him in a Cradle and rock him to sleep and to learn him to suck hold him to the breast it is best to try that as soon as he is washed for comming thirsty out of the bath he will presently lay hold on the Teate and suck After Abortion or Miscarriage there is no other order to be observed then after travail And you must after take heed that it cometh not again which it is probable it will if she hath been formerly subject to it And this is done by things given and applied before conception and when she is with Child Before the woman hath conceived which she may be certain of The preventing of Abortion before Conception if she hath not used a man since her Abortion you must consider diligently if there be any secret cause in her body by reason whereof though she do conceive and the child be formed for if the Seed conceived presently flow forth it is not a true but fase Conception and the cause of barrenness as we shewed yet she doth not keep it And this is done by observing her constitution whether she be Plethorick or Cachymick of much or evil blood and as the Humor aboundeth you must cleanse the body by bleeding purging sweating and good Diet. Or if she have a Disease or Fault in the womb which may cause this you must study to amend it But if there be no Humors appearing that can be thought prejudicial you must strengthen the womb that the child hereafter may stay by Medicines mentioned in Sterility external and especially baths which they say are best and therefore they sit in hot baths often After the woman hath conceived which she knoweth by certain signs To prevent Abortion after Conception then you must take care that she may go out her time and that the child may be lusty But if you perceive it to be dead you must not do so and if you be certain thereof you must use things that provoke Abortion for either the child or Secundine remaining will be the Death of the Mother There are divers things good to retain and keep up the child after you have removed all causes that may hurt it or remove it Sometimes it is good to let blood if we perceive that abortion came from blood abounding about the womb the former time by reason of Plethora in regard she had her Terms in the time of her being great and if we see they begin to flow again as they did you may let blood in the Arm not the Foot because that will move the terms nor is litting blood to be feared as the Ancients thought when people with Child are full of blood for I never knew any miscarry thereby though it hath been done twice or thrice and have seen divers wounded and that have lost much blood and yet the child hath not been the worse yet is it not to be done rashly but a little must be taken at once and more the next month and the third time if need require Also you must not be rash in purging women with child that are apt to miscarry except the body be too much bound and then administer Clysters of some opening gentle Medicine or if the body be very foul then you may give some stronger Purge and that will do no hurt but good for many women by chance not knowing they were with child have taken Purges and had a great looseness and the Child not the worse neither did they miscarry There are things that prevent Abortion by altering which have an astringent Quality to fix the Vessels by which the Child is tyed to the womb and these add strength to the womb and vigor to
great quantity you must rather hinder the flux of blood into the Stomach then stop the vomiting with inward and outward means And you must hinder the Flux with things that dissolve congealed Blood in the stomach which causeth dangerous accidents Thus Blood-letting can draw but little from the Meseraicks which fill the Stomach and Guts with Blood Yet in Plethory or Fulness when the cause requires it you may open a proper vein And if the Terms be stopp'd open that in the Foot Revulsion of this Blood-vomiting is also made with Cupping-glasses to the Hypochondria under the Ribbs in the Belly below the Stomach or to the Hipps when the Terms are stopp'd Also with Ligatures and Frictions of the extream parts especially of the Thighs Purge not except the Disease do require it and then not with strong medicines But with a little Rhubarb to take away the congealed blood which will bind also afterwards or with Syrup of Roses Also if blood be voided by vomit and stool congealed and black give Clysters to cleanse and stop the mouths of the veins such as are for a Dysentery And when clots of blood stick in the Guts Water and Vinegar will dissolve them Let him eat Pap of Starch Rice Barley flowers Gelly and Milk The White of an Eg and Mucilage of Quince seeds and Gum Traganth extracted with Rose-water or Plantane well beaten may be given alone or with Sugar pellets or Sugar of Roses or with red Wine or Vinegar of Roses Or make a Syrup of the Juyces mentioned boyling them with Sugar or of the Herbs with one pugil of red Roses Pomegranate flowers half an ounce red Sanders one dram boyl them in Iron-water with Vinegar and Sugar to a Syrup The usual Syrups are good as of Myrtles Quinces dry-Roses Bar-berries of unripe Grapes of Plantane-water also drunk or Water of Nuts to dissolve blood Let him drink steeled Water with one ounce of Mastick white Coral half an ounce Crystal or Jasper two drams or Vinegar and Water A Pouder Take Bloodstone two drams red Coral one dram and an half Bole Acacia each one dram Gum Arabick or Traganth parched half a dram make the Pouder add the Roots of Snakeweed Pomegranate flowers Horstayl each half a dram of Henbane seeds let him take one dram with Wine alone or with a little Water and Sugar two drams or make Lozenges thereof with Sugar boyled in Plantane-water To dissolve clotted Blood give Amber true bitumen Mummy or the Runner of a Kid c. The Pouders usual are of the Troches of Amber of Lemnos Earth which both stop blood and by reason of the Amber dissolve it when congealed Also the Troches of Antispodium with Sorrel seed These are better because of the Poppey therein A good Electuary Take Conserve of Comfrey roots and old Roses and Quinces each one ounce Troches of Amber or Lemnos Earth or the Pouder mentioned two drams and if he be faint the Pouder of Diamargariton frigidum or of Gemms half a dram with Syrup of Quinces make an Electuary or with Sugar Lozenges give as much as a Chesnut and let him drink after it some distilled Water that is proper One dram of Philonium Persicum is highly commended to which you may add half a dram of Rhubarb to dissolve the congealed Blood Outwardly the Fomentation and Epithem described in Vomiting of Choler are good as also the Oyntments and Plaisters there Or these Take Oyl of Myrtles and Quinces each two ounces and an half Juyce of Plantane or the like one ounce and an half Vinegar of Roses one ounce boyl them till the Juyce is consumed add Acacia and Hypocistis each one dram make an Oyntment or add Mastick half an ounce Bole two drams Pomegranate flowers and peels Galls and Sumach each one dram with Wax make a Cerot or with Rosin an Emplaster CHAP. X. Of Pissing The Kinds THat Pissing by which the Urin in Males Preternatural Pissing passeth through the Yard in Women through their pissing place is Natural But when it is involuntary or immoderate or often or little or thick or bloody or cometh by a wrong passage it is preternatural When the Urin flows out of its own accord Involuntary Pissing without the Will of the Patient it is involuntary And this is somtimes without Feeling as in Apoplexies Palsies and Swoundings And some who have been cut for the stone have it for ever There is another involuntary Pissing which they have who piss their Beds Pissing of Bed especially Infants if it be a fault in them It is unseemly in young people that know it and ought to avoid it But worse when they come to years It is called immoderate when it is too much Immoderate Pissing too often or unseasonable as in Drunkards They fill themselves with wine and rise from meat to piss This is thought unseemly among people of reputation which hold Drunkenness for a great shame as indeed it is There is another immoderate Pissing when it is not after large Drinking but oftner then it ought to be For which cause they cannot tary long in Assemblies but are forced to go forth and piss But that is chiefly immoderate Pissing when they piss more then they drink or eat of moist meats This is in sound Folkes which are called Vritici without another infirmity And in sick in the Crisis or Declination of a disease And because it is profitable and not hurtful it is not preternatural except it continue to the loss of strength which will easily decay by such an Evacuation There is another in the Disease called Diabetes but seldom Diabetes Dipsacus which is a large and unmoderate Pissing when what is drunk is little or nothing changed with an unquenchable thirst from whence it is called Dipsacus when the Body is hot and consumeth There is another Dropping of urin Strangury often and little Pissing when the Urin is voided by drops called Strangury which is somtimes without pain Of which we spake in the want of Pissing There is often a burning pain in pissing called scalding Urin or Dysury Hot Pissing scalding Urin Dysury or difficulty of urin though this word is more proper to pissing with difficulty or pain as Dysentery is in the Guts then to little Pissing In this Disease while the Urin drops there is pain but when it comes more freely it begins at the Conclusion And continueth a little after and begins again before the next Pissing causing such a straining that it produceth horror and sweat A grievous pain in Males about the end of the Yard or Glans which is then touched hence the Germans call this cold Pissing though it be hot Women are pained also in the passage for Urin. This Dysurie or Difficulty of Pissing troubles young and old somtimes without other Diseases and is short if it come from the taking of any thing or from some cause that continueth not as we shall shew Somtimes it is longer in which there
are some signs of a foul Body Somtimes it is with other Diseases as in thick Pissing when it is mattery slimy or like Milk with Urin for the Diseases of the Reins Bladder or other parts Also in the Ulcer of the Yard and Bladder matter is voided alone and Seed involuntary in a Gonorrhoea or Running of the Reins especially when it is venemous As we shall shew concerning them Somtimes symptoms of the Stone in the Bladder are with this Dysury as Itching about the Privities standing of the Yard sense of Heaviness about the Fundament into which if the Finger be thrust the Stone in the Bladder may be felt also straining with crude Urin sometimes thick and bloody and sometimes it is quite stopped There is often turbulent or thick pissing as of matter which settles in the urinal like a Pultis Thick Pissing and mixeth again with the urin when it is shaked and goes to the bottom again when it settleth It is somtimes white without scent somtimes stinking somtimes white Filmes do fly in the Urin as in the Ulcer of the Kidneys As we shall shew Somtimes it is without scalding but with heaviness and pain of the Reins somtimes with scalding They say that pissing of Matter may be from an Imposthum in the Liver which is rare and from a Pleurisie or Peripneumony or Empyema which is most rare and seldom There is another thick Pissing of Slime with the Urin which sticks to the bottom of the Urinal like Glew after the Urin is poudered out this is from the Ulcer of the Bladder and then there is also scalding of Urin. Also this slime is voided alone As we shall declare in the Excretions of the Yard without Urin. Another thick Pissing is like Milk Milkie Pissing and then there is a great white sediment at the bottom of the Urinal and is mixed with the urin when it is shaked I have observed this in my self and others somtimes for many daies and somtimes at certain hours especially at night after Exercise without other accident except heat in Pissing and straining after Pissing of Blood Pissing of blood is when the Urin is coloured like blood In which after settling there is a thick and black sediment This is often with other accidents in the Stone of the Kidneys and after violent Exercise also in the Stone of the Bladder And if there be an Ulcer there is Matter with Blood They who use the Catheter have often a little blood in the Urin. And they who have had a great 〈◊〉 or Stroak piss blood And they who have taken Cantharides or Spa●●● flies or the like Otherwise there is seldom Pissing of Blood Only in Feavers it may be a Crisis or for Judgment And I knew a Maid in a pestilential Feaver that pissed some chamber-pots full of blood before she dyed Also Bloodhath been pissed without a Disease As we shall shew in the Causes of all sorts of Pissing Blood There are also other kinds of preternatural Pissing Urin of a preternatural color or mixed As when the Urin is of another strange colour mixed with sand slime which shew Diseases or the approaching of them Of these we shal not speak because when the Disease is cured they vanish Here may be mentioned Urin with dung Urin mixed with dung bones or the terms as we shewed in the preternatural Voiding of Excrements of the Belly or with bones or the like which we spake of in preternatural Excretion Or with the Terms as we shewed in their preternatural Flux Somtimes the Urin flows another way as out of a Wound The Flux of urin by a Wound as in cutting for the Stone it flows at the Perinaeum till it be healed The same may be about the loins and lower parts of the Belly from a wound there As we knew one who made no Urin but at his Groins for many years The Causes The Cause of all preternatural Pissing as involuntary immoderate often little thick bloody dyed or mixed is from an evil custom or Disease in the Reins or Bladder as a hot Constitution or weak a cold or hot Distemper or forcing or solution of continuity or contiguity Or from a Disease by consent of the Bladder Or some Disease in a part like the Reins and Bladder Somtimes often pissing is from an evil custom An evil custom is the Cause of often Pissing for when Nature is not disordered by Diet she keepeth her order and time for voiding the Excrements of the belly And if you disorder her by any means or forcing it will not be seasonable Therefore Infants that have long pissed their beds are familarly troubled therewith an it continues with them when grown up which is unseemly Some kinds of Pissings come from the Constitution of the Reins and Bladder The Constitution of the Reins and Bladder As when there is exquisite sense in the bladder which being pricked by the urin sends it forth before the time And this may be the cause why Children piss a bed except they be raised at night And if to this exquisite sense there be a sharpness of Urin it will be rendered oftner and sooner scaul'd as shal be shewed A Natural Heat of the Kidneys may cause more Heat and weakness of the Kidneys is the cause of often Pissing and oftner Pissing because heat makes a sooner separation As also weakness when the retentive Faculty cannot retain the Urin long enough This is often from the Birth through want of heat or from the loosness and softness of the Vessels or from much drinking Or from immoderate Venery which weakens these parts When the Bladder is weak loose or soft there is often Pissing Or when it is over-stretched and too thin which is from the birth in some or from long retention of Urin in Assemblies Also strong Imaginations in a Dream may cause this when they dream they piss in a convenient place which stirres up the expulsive Faculty When the retentive Faculty is weakned by a cold distemper in the reins and bladder there is often Pissing A cold Distemper of the Reins is the Cause of often Pissing this is from external cold so cold at the Feet by consent of these parts may cause Pissing Many think that Diabetes comes from a hot distemper but the Reins are many times hot without that distemper And if the Reins were very much inflamed pissing would not be increased but diminished or suppressed and the attractive vertue rather destroyed then increased Moreover though there be Thirst and Consumption with the Diabetes or often Pissing yet it is not proved to come from the heat of the reins Because thirst may come from want of moisture through continual pissing And the heat of the whole Body cannot be kindled only from the heat of the Reins without an Inflammation whence pissing will be diminished neither can the Body be consumed thereby Therefore there is another cause of Diabetes which is seldom seen