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A06950 Markhams maister-peece, or, What doth a horse-man lacke containing all possible knowledge whatsoeuer which doth belong to any smith, farrier or horse-leech, touching the curing of all maner of diseases or sorrances in horses : drawne with great paine and most approued experience from the publique practise of all the forraine horse-marshals of Christendome and from the priuate practise of all the best farriers of this kingdome : being deuided into two bookes, the first containing all cures physicall, the second whatsoeuer belongeth to chirurgerie, with an addition of 130 most principall chapters and 340 most excellent medicines, receits and secrets worthy euery mans knowledge, neuer written of nor mentioned in any author before whatsoeuer : together with the true nature, vse, and qualitie of euerie simple spoken of through the whole worke : reade me, practise me, and admire me / written by Geruase Markham gentleman. Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637. 1610 (1610) STC 17376.5; ESTC S4777 291,300 517

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ounce and a halfe of aloes likewise in powder one ounce of Agaricke halfe an ounce knead all these together like paste and make thereof foure or fiue balles and giue it to the horse This last recited pill is singular good for the dry cough and all the other pils are most soueraigne for all infirmities of the head which grow either from fleame melancholy or any other cold or moist cause whatsoever Now for purgations which are the strongest cleansers of the body they be these Take two ounces of Myrre and mixe it with a pint of wine and it wil purge all sicknesse which proceedeth of choler the signes whereof are his belly will swell be very hot and he can neither dung nor breake winde Take a pint of wine and beate a raw egge therein and adde to it a quarter of an ounce of brimstone halfe an ounce of Myrre beaten to powder and giue it the horse luke warme and it will purge all inward diseases proceeding of melancholy Two spoonefull of the powder Diapente giuen with halfe a pint of swines grease purgeth all diseases proceeding of fleame Take as much blacke sope as a wal-nut a quart of new milke and a quarter of a pint of sallet oyle and giue it the horse luke warme and it purgeth all cold infirmities Take the guts of a Tench or Barbell being cut into little small peeces and giue it the horse in a quart of white wine and it will purge the horse from all costiuenesse or paine in the guts Rye being boyled so that it burst not then dryed againe and giuen the horse in stead of prouender purgeth and killeth all manner of wormes Take of radish rootes one ounce of the roote called Panax and of Scamony of each halfe an ounce beate all these together and boyle them in a quart of hony then giue the horse two spoonefull of this in a quart of ale luke warme to drinke and it will purge all grosse humours from whence proceedeth either the falling euill or any disease of the braine Take and boyle Elicampanam roots in milke till they be so soft that you may bruise them to pappe and then adding thereto halfe a pint of sallet oyle giue it the horse to drinke luke warme and this will purge and cleanse any glaunders Take of sweete sope a quarter of a pound and make it into three balles and giue them to the horse it wil purge all euill humors whatsoeuer both violently and most aboundantly CHAP. 94. Of Neesing or Fumigation and the vse thereof THere is also another maner of purging of a horse and especially his head and that is by forcing him to neese or snurt violently at his nose casting forth all filthy and grosse matter which otherwise would offend and oppresse the braine and this neesing is wrought sometimes by fumes or smoakes sometimes by powders and sometimes by oyles the sharpnesse of which tickling the tender and quicke parts of the head do compell this snurting and neesing surely there is no purgation more wholesome for as it cleanseth and separateth grosse matter so it comforteth and maketh strong the braine Now to come vnto the particular medicines which do procure this neesing they be these Squirt into an horses nosthrels either mans vrine which is old or the vrine of an oxe which hath had much rest and it will force a horse to neese and is most wholesome for any quotidian feuer Take the powder of gumdragant Ensens and damaske roses well mixt together and blow it with a quill into the horses nosthrels and it is good either against the feuer in sommer or winter Take warme vinegar and squirt it into his nosthrels it is comfortable against the feuer which cometh by raw disgestion Take of garlick stalkes a handfull being broke into little peeces and a good quantity of frankinsence and being put vpon a chasing dish and coles hold the chasing dish vnder the horses nosthrels so that the fume may ascend vp into his head and this is most excellent against the head-ache Take feathers and brimstone burne them on a chafing dish and coales vnder the horses nose or blow pepper and Perithre beaten to powder vp into his nosthrels either of both these are most excellent against the sleeping euill Take the powder of motherwort and blow it vp into a horses nostrels and it is good against the falling euill Take two goose feathers annoynted ouer with oyle de bay and thrust them vp and downe in the horses nosthrels or else to take sage penyriall and wheate long sodden together and put into a bagge as hot as may be which bagge would be so close fastned to the horses head that all the smoake and sauour thereof may ascend vp into his nosthrels or take a clout annoynted with sope or oyle de bay and rub it vp and downe his nosthrels as high as may be Any of all these or all these together are most excellent against any cold poze or other obstruction in the head Take orpiment and sulphure and burn them on the coales and hold it vnder the horses nose or take oyle de bay Euforbium and white Ellebore and annointing two feathers therewith thrust them vp into the horses nosthrels both these are good against the glaunders Take of the stalkes of bryony or wilde vine two handfuls and bruise them betwixt two stones and being so bruised put them into a linnen bagge and fasten the bagge so to the horses head that the sent may go vp into his nosthrels without touching the hearbe with his mouth and this is excellent against the mourning of the chine or any inward cough Take of rosemary of narde and of sage dryed and beaten into fine powder or each like waight and with a quill blow them vp into the horses nosthrels or take the powder of white pepper or of Sal-niter or of Iris Ilirica or blacke Eleboris and blow them with a quill vp into the horses nosthrels or take linnen cloth dipt in the dregs of oyle setting it on fire then suddenly put it out againe and let the smoake ascend vp into the horses nosthrels or squirt into his nosthrels Aristolochia mixt with wine or Sal●niter mixt with water or salt and ro●he allum mixt with wine or take ground Iuy beaten small and thrust vp into his nose or bay-berry beaten small and burnt on the coales vnder the horses nose or a coale of fire put into a lump of wet hay making a smoothering smoke and held vnder the horses nose Any of all these are most excellent against any disease of the head especially staggers colds glaunders strangle and such like CHAP. 95. Of Frictions or Bathes and of their seuerall vses FRictions or Bathes are a certaine rubbing annointing or bathing of a horses body all ouer especially against the haire because the medicine may sinke in so much the better with comfortable and soueraigne vnguents whose vertues do loosen the skinne cheare vp the inward spirits and
it with gumdragant anise seedes and damaske rose leaues beaten to powder then put them into a quart of strong ale made sweete either with sugarcandy or hony and faile not to giue him this drinke three mornings together keeping the horse warme during his sicknesse CHAP. 23. Of the Feuer taken in the winter season A Feuer taken in the winter is not so dangerous touching the life of a horse as the feuer before mentioned yet is it a feuer which will continue long and aske great circumspection in the cure the causes thereof are the same which are formerly described and the signes are no other then hath bene already declared Touching the cure it is thus you shall first purge his head by making him neese that done you shall let him bloud both in the necke and the palate of the mouth and then two howres and a halfe after giue him this drinke Take of treus three ounces of round pepper halfe an ounce of bay berries and the seede of smallage of each halfe an ounce boyle these in white wine and giue it him to drinke luke warme Other Farriers vse to take a pint of new milke and to put therein two ounces of sallet oyle of saffron one scruple of mirre two scruples of the seede of smallage a spoonefull and to make him drinke it luke warme but the horse which taketh this drinke must be in good strength for it he be brought low it is somewhat too strong The ancient Italians did vse for this feuer to giue this drinke Take of Aristolochia halfe an ounce of Gentian of Hysop of wormwood of Southerwoort of each halfe an ounce of dry fat figges three ounces of the seede of smallage an ounce and an halfe of rue halfe an handfull boyle them all with running water in a cleane vessel vntil almost halfe be consumed then when it beginnes to thicken take it from the fire straine it and giue it the horse luke warme Now there are not any of these drinkes but are sufficient for the cure but the first is best Now for his dyet be sure to keepe him fasting long before his fits come and let his drinke be onely warme mashes of malt and water Now if you perceiue that his fits continue and bring the horse to any weaknesse you shall then to comfort and quicken the natural heate of the horse rubbe and chafe all his body ouer either in the Sunne or by some softe fire with some wholsome friction of which frictions you shall finde choyce in a particular chapter hereafter following together with their seuerall natures and vses CHAP. 24. Of the Feuer which cometh by surfaite of meate onely THe Feuer which cometh by surfaite of meate onely without either disorder in trauell of corruption of bloud is knowne by these signes The horse will heaue and beate vpon his backe his breath will be short hot and dry and his winde he will draw only at his nose with great violence The cure therefore is you shall let him bloud in his necke vnder his eyes and in the ●●late of his mouth you shall also purge his head by making him nee●e then keepe him with very thin dyet that is let him fast for more then halfe of the day and let him not drinke aboue once 〈◊〉 foure and twenty houres and that drinke to 〈◊〉 ●arme water you shal also once or twice chafe his body with wholesome friction and if during his cure he chance to grow costiue you shall cause him to be raked and afterward giue him either a suppositary or a glister of both which and of their seuerall natures you shall reade sufficiently in a chapter following CHAP. 25. Of Feuers extraordinary and first of Pestilent Feuers WE find by many ancient Italian Writers that both the Romans and others their countrymen haue by experience found many horses subiect to this pestilent feuer which is a most contagious and pestiferous disease almost incurable for mine own part I haue seene it in many colts and young horses Surely it proceedeth as I iudge either from great corruption of bloud or from infection of the aire The signes thereof is the horse will hold downe his head forsake his meate shed much water at his eyes and many times haue swellings or vlcers rising a little below his eare rootes The cure is first you shall not faile to let him bloud in the necke veine then two or three howres after you shall giue him a glister then make this plaister Take of squilla fiue ounces of elder of castoreum of mustard-seed and of euforbium of each two ounces dissolue the same in the iuice of daffadill and sage and lay it all about the temples of his head and betweene his eares then giue him to drinke for three or foure dayes together euery morning two ounces of the best treacle dissolued in a pint of good muskadine The Italians vse to giue him diuers mornings a pound of the iuice of elder roots or in stead of his hay a good quantity of that hearbe which is called Venus haire but if the time of the yeare be such that they cannot haue it greene then they boyle it in water and straine it and giue it him to drinke but I hold the first drinke to be most sufficient his dyet being thin and his keeping warme CHAP. 26. Of the Plague or pestilence in Horses of some called the gargill or murraine THis pestilence murraine or gargill in horses is a contagious and most infectious disease proceeding either from surfaite of heate cold labour or hunger or any other thing breeding corrupt humours in a horses body as the holding too long of his vrine drinking when he is hot or feeding vpon grosse foule corrupt foods as in low grounds after flouds when the grasse is vnpurged such like Somtimes it springs from som euil influence of the planets corrupting the plants and fruites of the earth and cattell too somtimes also from diuers other such like causes but howsoeuer when the disease beginneth certaine it is that it is most infectious and if there be not care and preuention vsed of multitudes it will not leaue one Not any of the ancient Italian Farriers nor any of our English Farriers that I haue met with do or can yeeld me any signe or token to know this disease more then that one or two must first dye then by their deaths I must adiudge preuent what wil follow but they are mistaken for this disease is as easily known by outward ●ignes as any disease whatsoeuer as namely the horse will first begin to lowre and hang downe his head within two or three dayes after such lowring you shal see him begin to swell vnder his eare rootes or vnder the rootes of his tongue and that swelling will run vniuersally ouer all one side of his face being very extreme hard and great Moreouer all his lips mouth whites of his eyes will be exceeding yellow and his breath
spring time of the yeare when bloud begins to encrease and most commonly to colts and yong horses it proceeds of the same causes that the Quotidian doth and sometimes of ranknesse and ill bloud The signes to know it are all the signes formerly spoken of and this as the chiefest that the horse will be apparantly sicke as it were on the Munday then apparantly well on the Tuesday and sicke on the Wednesday following This feuer is neuer seene but it beginneth with shaking The cure therefore is assoone as you perceiue the horse to begin to shake you shall take a certaine hearbe or rather weede called stone-croppe and bruising it in a stone morter take some foure spoonefull of the iuice thereof and infuse it in a quart of strong alè and giue it the horse to drinke then walke him gently vp and downe in some temperate aire for an howre then set him vp with the helpe of clothes put him into a sweate for an other howre then coole him and in any wise till his fits leaue him let him drinke no cold water and let his prouender be the oldest and dryest oates you can get onely vpon his good dayes before his fits come keepe him very long fasting and empty CHAP. 18. Of the Quartane Feuer THe Quartane feuer is that which some Farriers call a third daies sicknesse as thus If his fit begin on the Munday he will be well on the Tuesday and Wednesday and sicke againe one the Thursday It proceedeth from the same causes that the Tertian feuer doth yet in his working is not so apparantly violent but of much longer continuance for if great care helpe be not these feuers will last some a quarter of a yeare some halfe a yeare and some a whole yeare There needes no other signe to know it then the coming and going of the fits as hath bene declared already And for the cure it is the selfe same which is described in the former chapter for the Tertian feuer onely if his fits do not leaue him at the first taking of the medicine you shall then giue it him againe the second time but not aboue thrice at the most in any wise CHAP. 19. Of the Feuer Continuall THe feuer continuall is that which continueth without any intermission and it is most dangerous and violent for there is in it the effects of all the former feuers euer one taking place as the other endeth as a Quotidian beginning is pursued by a Tertian and a Tertian by a Quartane and those two supply so many howers till the Quotidian doth begin againe This kind of continuall feuer most often springeth from some inflammation or violent heate ingendred in the pricipall members about the heart and the signes thereof are want of rest and falling away of the flesh besides certaine inflammations or swellings which will appeare about his withers and flanks The cure is first to purge his head by neesing the manner whereof you shall finde in a particular chapter hereafter which done you shall giue him this drinke Take of Iermander two ounces of gumme dragant and dryed roses of each halfe an ounce beate them into fine powder and put them into a quart of ale adding thereunto of oyle Oliue two ounces and as much hony and when it is luke warme giue it the horse to drinke then walke him a little space and after set him vp close and warme keepe him from cold water and let his prouender be dry oates CHAP. 20 Of the Hectique Feuer THe Hectique feuer in horses is a dangerous and mortall feuer being in a horse the first originall breeder of a consumption it is a certaine hot and dry humour which runneth betweene the skinne and the flesh proceeding from a sicke stomacke which hauing bene scalded with hot drinks as those ill dyeted running horses be which feede vpon much spice or those which take hot drenches vpon euery foolish and sleight occasion hath almost cleane lost the power of disgestion it sometimes happens to those horses which men too carefully teaching to drinke beere and wine do so conti●ually apply them thereunto that in the end they become subiect to this sicknesse The signes to know it is the horse will neuer eate with any appetite and when you draw out his tongue you shall finde it rawe and almost scalded his flesh wil be loose and flaggy and his body will be subiect to a continual trembling The cure is first wash his tongue either with the sirrop of mulberries or with allome running water sage and woodbinde leaues boiled together then giue him fasting in a morning this drink Take of aloes one ounce of agarike halfe an ounce of licoras and aniseseeds of each a dram beaten to powder let him drinke it with a quart of white wine luke warme made sweet with sugarcandy or hony let him drinke no drinke but warme mashes of malt water and let his meate be sweete bay or greene corne blades and euer after his medicine l●t him be chafed a little kept fasting two or three howres and stand warme and well clothed CHAP. 21. Of the Feuer taken in Autumne or the fall of the leafe ALl these feuers before spoken of do for the most part commonly happen to horses in the spring time of the yeare by reason that the new bloud is euer aptest to be inflamed yet notwithstanding we finde by experience that feuers will somtimes come at the fall of the leafe which we call Autumne and they are of longer continuance then the other The signes are none other but such as I haue already declared for they are the same feuers onely altering in the time of the yeare If therefore your horse do chance to catch a feuer at the fall of the leafe you shall let him bloud on his necke veine and in the palate of his mouth and you shall giue him to drinke the same drinke which is formerly set downe for the feuer continuall and there is no doubt of his recouery CHAP. 22. Of the Feuer taken in the Summer season A Feuer taken in the Summer season is the worst of al ordinary feuers whatsoeuer especially all such as are taken in the Dog daies because according to the opinion of Farriers al accidents are then most furious the especial signes of this feuer are that his arteries wil beate most palpably wheresoeuer he staleth there you shall perceiue he sheddeth his seed also The cure according to the ancients is to let him bloud on the great veine which he hath on his hinder haunch almost foure inches beneath his fundament but for mine own part because that vein is not so easily found of euery ignorant Smith that many times by mistaking they may cut the artery in stead of the veine I hold it fully as good to let him bloud vpon the necke veine which done giue him to drinke two howres and a halfe after this drinke Take the iuice of a handful of purslaine and mixe
will be strong and stinke exceedingly The cure of this disease according to the maner of the Italians French men is first to separate the sound from the sicke euen a farre distance from that aire where the sicke breatheth then let them bloud in the necke veines and giue euery one seuerally to drinke two spoonefull of the powder of Diapente brewd in a pint of strong sacke of the composition of which Diapente and of the particular vertues thereof you shall reade in a chapter following If you cannot readily get this Diapente you may then take a pint of Muskadine and dissolue it in two ounces of the best treacle and it will serue the turne Questionlesse these medicines are both exceeding good for they are great preseruatiues against all inward infections yet that which I haue found farre to exceede them and to be most excellent not onely for this plague amongst horses but for the plague or murraine of some called the mountaine euill amongst beasts is this Take a good quantity of old vrine and mixe therewithall a good quantity of hens dung stirre them well together till the dung be dissolued then with a horne giue to euery horse of beast a pint thereof luke warme This haue I seene helpe hundreds CHAP. 27. Of the Feuer accidentall coming by some wound receiued IF a horse shal receiue any grieuous and sore wound either by stroake or thrust by which any of the vitall powers are let or hindred certaine it is that the paine and anguish of such wounds will bring a horse to a hot feuer and then his life is in great danger besides a horse being naturally subiect to moist distillation in his throate there will many times rise therein great swellings and vlcers through the paine whereof a horse will fall into a burning ague The signs whereof are that he will couet much to drinke but cannot drinke and his flesh will fall away in much extraordinary fashion The cure besides the remedies before mentioned is to let him bloud vnder his eares and in the mouth and then to take a fine manchet cutting it in slices steep it in muskadine and compel him to swallow them it shall also be good if once in three ●ayes you steepe your manchet in sallet oyle and make him eate it As for his drinke let it be onely warme mashes of malt and water which if he cannot drinke you shall then giue it him with a horne And thus much touching feuers both ordinary extraordinary CHAP. 28. Of the diseases in the head AS a horses head is composed of many parts so are those many parts subiect to many and sundry grieuances as namely the panicles or thin skins which cleauing to the bones do couer the whole braine are subiect to headache mygram dizinesse and amazes the whole braine it selfe is properly subiect to breede the frenzie madnesse sleeping euill the taking and forgetfulnesse And here is to be noted that many Farriers and those of approued good skils haue strongly held opinions that horses haue very little or no braines at all and my selfe for mine owne part being carried away with their censures did at last vpon good considerations ●ut vp the heades of diuers horses some dead some in dying and I could neuer find any liquid or thin braine as in other beasts but onely a very thicke strong tough and shining substance solid and firme like a tough ielly which I euer held to be onely a panycle and so resolued with others that a horse had no braine but after vpon further discourse with men of better learning I had this solution giuen me That a horse being a beast of extraordinary strength and ability made euen to endure the worst of all extremities either by sore labour or heauy burthen that nature in his creation had endowed him with members answerable to such vigor as namely that his braine was not liquid and moist as subiect to fleet or to be distempered with euery small disorder but tough and hard euen vnpen●trable and not to be pierst by any reasonable motion And for the panicles they shewed me those thin skinnes ouer and besides that great substance so that by experience I saw and now know that a horse hath both brain and a panicle and in them two are bred the diseases before mentioned Now in the ventricles or cels of the braine in those conduits by which the liuely spirits giue feeling and motion to the body there do breede the turne-sicke or sturdy the staggers the falling euill the night mare the apoplexie the palsey and conuulsion or crampe the catharre or rheume and lastly the glaunders And thus much of the head in generall CHAP. 29. Of head-ache or paine in the head THe head-ache is a paine that commeth either of some inward cause or of some cholericke humor gathered together in the panicles of the braine or else of some extreame heate or cold or of some suddaine blow or of some noysome sauour The signes are the hanging downe of the horses head eares dropping of his vrine dimnesse of sight swolne and watrish eyes The cure according to the opinion of some of our English Farriers is to let him bloud in the eye veines and to squirt warme water into his nosthrels and for that day giue him no meate the next morning fasting giue him warm water and some grasse at night giue him barley and fitches mixt together and so keepe him warme till he be sound but this cure I do not fancy the best help is first to make him neese by fuming him then let him bloud in the palate of the mouth and keepe him fasting at least twelue howres after then powre into his nosthrels wine wherein hath bene sodden euforbium frankinsence and after feede him and keepe his heade warme CHAP. 30. Of the frenzie and madnesse of a horse THe madnesse of a horse by the most ancient and best approued Farriers is diuided into foure passions the first is when some naughty bloud doth strike the panicle of the braine but in one part onely it presently makes the horse dull both of minde and sight and you shall know it by this signe the horse will turne round like a beast that is troubled with the sturdy the reason being because the outside of the head is grieued onely The second is when the poyson of such bloud doth infect the middle part of the braine then the horse becommeth franticke leaping against walles or any thing The third is when that bloud filleth the veines of the stomacke and infecteth as well the heart as the braine then is he said to be madde But the fourth and last is when that bloud not onely infecteth the braine and heart but euen the panicles also and then he is said to be starke madde which you shall know by his biting at euery man which comes neere him by his gnawing of the manger and walles about him And lastly by tearing of his owne skin in peeces
altogether and giue him euery morning and euening a pint for a weeke together If to the boxe leaues you adde oates and bettony it is not amisse so you keep the horse warme Others vse to giue a horse a pint of swines bloud warme Others vse to boyle in a gallon of water one pound of Fenugreeke then straining it giue the water morning and euening by a pint at a time to drinke then drying the Fenugreeke giue it the horse with his prouender Others vse for all maner of coughes to take a quarterne of white currants and as much clarified hony two ounces of sweet marioram with old fresh grease and a head of garlicke melt that which is to be molten and punne that which is to be beaten mixe them together and giue the horse better then a pint thereof three mornings together Others vse to giue a horse the guts of a young pullet dipt in hony and being warme and certainly there is not any of these medicines but are most soueraigne and well approued Now whereas some Farriers vse to thrust downe the throat of the horse a willow wand rolled about with a linnen cloath and annoynted all ouer with hony I for my part do not like it for it both torments the horse more then there is occasion and doth but onely go about to take away that which is gone in the struggling before the medicine can be vsed for it is onely for a cough which cometh by a feather or some such like matter CHAP. 43. Of the inward and wet Cough TOuching all inward coughs which are gotten and ingendred by colds and rheumes of long continuance being not onely dangerous but sometimes mortall you shall vnderstand that they are diuided into two kindes the one wet the other dry the wet cough proceedeth from cold causes taken after great heats which heat dissoluing humours those humors being againe congealed do presently cause obstructions and stoppings of the lungs Now the signes to know this wet cough is the horse will euer after his coughing cast out either water or matter out of his nosthrels or champe and chaw with his teeth the thicke matter which he casteth out of his throate as you shall easily perceiue if you heedfully note him he will also cough often without intermission and when he cougheth he will not much bow downe his head nor abstaine from his meate and when he drinketh you shall see some of his water to issue out of his nosthrels The cure is first to keepe him exceeding warme then for as much as it proceedeth of cold causes you shall giue him hot drinkes and spices as sacke or strong ale brewd with cinamon ginger cloues treacle Long pepper and either swines grease sallet oyle or sweete butter for you shall know that all cold causes are cured with medicines that open and warme and the hot with such as cleanse and coole Some vse to take a pretty quantity of Beniamine and the yolke of an egge which being well mixt together and put into an egge shell cast all downe into the horses throat and then moderatly ride him vp and downe for more then a quarter of an howre and do this three or foure mornings together Others vse to keepe him warme and then to giue him this drinke Take of barley one pecke and boyle it in two or three gallons of running water till the barley burst together with bruised licoras anise seeds and of raisins of each a pound then straine it and to that liquor put of hony a pint and a quarterne of sugarcandy and keepe it close in a pot to serue the horse therewith foure seuerall mornings and cast not away the barley nor the rest of the strainings but make it hot euery day to perfume the horse withall in a close bagge if he eate of it it is so much the better and after this you shall giue the horse some moderate exercise and for his dyet let him drinke no cold water till his cough abate and as it lessoneth so let his water be the lesse warmed Now for mine own part though all these receits be exceeding good and very well approued yet for mine owne part in this case thus hath bene my practise If I found either by the heauinesse of the horses head or by the ratling of his nosthrels that the cough proceeded most from the stopping of his head I would only giue him foure or fiue mornings together three or foure good round pils of butter and garlicke well knoden together in the morning fasting and then ride him moderately an howre after but if I found that the sicknesse remained in the chest or brest of the horse then I would giue him twice in foure dayes a pint of sacke halfe a pint of sallet oyle and two ounces of sugarcandy wel brewd together and made luke warme and then ride him halfe an howre after and set him vp warme suffering him to drinke no cold water till his cough began to abate or leaue him CHAP. 44. Of the dry Cough THis disease which we cal the dry cough is a grosse and tough humour cleauing hard to the hollow places of the lungs which stoppeth the winde-pipes so that the horse can hardly draw his breath It doth proceede by ill gouernment from the rheume which distilling from the head falleth downe to the breast and there inforceth the horse to striue to cast it out The especiall signes to know it is by eating hot meates as bread that is spiced straw dry hay or such like his extremity of coughing will encrease by eating cold and moyst meates as grasse forrage graines and such like it will abate and be the lesse he cougheth seldome yet when he cougheth he cougheth violently long time together and dryly with a hollow sound from his chest he also boweth his head downe to the ground and forsaketh his meate whilest he cougheth yet neuer casteth forth any thing either at his mouth or nosthrels This cough is most dangerous and not being taken in time is incurable for it will grow to the pursicke or broken winded altogether The cure according to the opinion of the ancientest Farriers is that for as much as it proceedeth from hot humours therefore you shall perfume his head with cold simples as Camomill Mellilot Licoras dryed red Roses and Camphire boyled in water and the fume made to passe vp into his mouth and nosthrels Others vse to take a close earthen pot to put therin three pints of the strongest vinegar and foure egges shels all vnbroken and 4. heades of garlicke cleane pild bruised set the pot-being very close couered in a warme dunghill or a horse mixion there let it stand foure and twenty howres then take it forth and open it and take out the egges which will be as soft as silke and lay them by vntill you haue strained the vinegar and garlicke through a linnen cloath then put to that liquor a quarterne of hony and halfe a quarterne
and for the most part it followeth some extreme great emptinesse or want of foode the beast being euen at the pinch and ready to bee chappe-falne There bee some Farriers which suppose that it proceedeth from some extreame cold outwardly taken by trauelling in cold and barraine places as in the frost and snow where the outward cold maketh the stomacke cold whereby all the inward powers are weakned The signes are onely an alteration or change in the horses feeding hauing lost all temperance and snatching and chopping at his meate as if he would deuoure the manger The cure according to the opinion of some Farriers is first to comfort his stomacke by giuing him great slices of white bread toasted at the fire and steeped in muskadine or else bread vntoasted steeped in wine then to let him drink wheat flowre and wine brewed together There be others which vse to knead stiffe cakes of wheate flowre and wine and to feede the horse therewith Others vse to make him bread of pine-tree nuts and wine knoden together or else common earth and wine mingled together but for mine owne part I hold nothing better then moderately feeding the horse many times in the day with wholesome beane bread well baked or oates well dryed and sifted CHAP. 60. Of the diseases of the Liuer in generall and first of the inflammation thereof THere is no question but the liuer of a horse is subiect to as many diseases as either the liuer of a man or any other creature onely through the ignorance of our common Farriers who make all inward diseases one sicknesse the true ground and causes not being looked into the infirmity is let passe and many times poysoned with false potions but truth it is that the liuer sometimes by the intemperatenesse thereof as being either too hot or too cold too moist or too dry or sometimes by meanes of euill humors as choler or fleame ouerflowing in the same heate ingendring choler and coldnesse fleame the liuer is subiect to many sicknesses and is diuersly payned as by inflammation apostumation or vlcer or by obstructions stoppings or hard knobs or lastly by the consumption of the whole substance thereof The signes to know if the disease proceede from hot causes is leannesse of body the loathing of meate voyding dung of a strong sent great thirst and loosnesse of belly The signes to know if the disease proceed from cold causes is good state of body appetite to meate dung not stincking no thirst and the belly neither loose nor costiue Now to proceede to the particular diseases of the liuer and first of the inflammation you shall vnderstand that it cometh by meanes that the bloud through the abundance thinnesse boyling heate of sharpnesse thereof or through the violence of some outward cause breaketh out of the veines floweth into the body or substance of the liuer and so being dispossest of his proper vessels doth immediately putrifie is inflamed corrupting so much of the fleshly substance of the liuer as is either touched or imbrewed with the same whence it cometh that for the most part the hollow side of the liuer is first consumed yet sometimes the full side also this inflammation by a naturall heate is sometimes turned to putrifaction then it is called an apostumation which when either by the strength of nature or art it doth breake and runne then it is called an vlcer or filthy sore Now the signes of an inflammation on the hollow side of the liuer which is least hurtfull is loathing of meate great thirst loosnesse of belly and a continuall vnwillingnesse to lye on the left side but if the inflammation be on the full side of the liuer then the signes be short breathing a dry cough much paine when you handle the horse about the wind-pipe and an vnwillingnesse to lye on the right side The signes of apostumation is great heate long fetching of breath and a continuall looking to his side The signes of vlceration is continuall coldnesse staring vp of the haire and much feeblenesse faintting because the filthy matter casting euill vapours abroad doth many times corrupt the heart and occasion death Now for the cure of these inflammations some Farriers vse to take a quart of ale an ounce of myrre and an ounce of Frankinsence and brewing them well together giue it the horse diuers mornings to drinke Others vse to take three ounces of the seedes of smallage and three ounces of Hysop and as much Sutherwort and boyle them wel in oyle and wine mingled together and giue it the horse to drinke keepe the horse warme and let him neither drinke cold water nor eate dry dusty hay CHAP. 61. Of Obstructions stoppings or hard knobs on the Liuer THese obstructions or stoppings of a horses liuer do come most commonly by trauelling or labouring on a full stomacke whereby the meate not being perfectly disgested breedeth grosse and tough humours which humours by the extremity of trauell are violently driuen into the small veines through which the liuer ought to receiue good nutriment and so by that meanes breedeth obstructions stoppings Now from these obstructions when they haue continued any long time especially if the humours be cholericke breedeth many times hard knobs on the liuer which knobbes maketh the horse continually lye on his right side and neuer on the left because if he should lye on the left side the waight of the knob would oppresse the stomacke and euen sicken all the vitall parts in him The signes of these obstructions or stoppings are heauinesse of countenance distention or swelling great dulnesse and sloth in the horse when he beginneth his trauell and a continuall looking backe to his short ribbes where remaineth his greatest paine and torment Now the cure thereof is to seeth continually in the water which hee drinketh Agrimony Fumitory Camomill VVormewood Licoras Anise seedes Smallage Persley Spickenard Gentian Succory Endyue and Lupyns the vertues whereof are most comfortable to the liuer But for as much as the most part of our English Farriers are very simple Smithes whose capacities are vnable to diue into these seuerall distinctions and that this worke or maister peece is intended for the weakest braine whatsoeuer you shall vnderstand that there bee certaine generall signes to know when the liuer of a horse is grieued with any griefe of what nature or condition soeuer it be and so likewise generall receipts to cure all the grieues without distinguishing or knowing their natures you shall know then if a horse haue any griefe or paine in his liuer by these signes First by a loathing of his meate next by the wasting of his flesh drynesse of his mouth and roughnesse of his tongue and great swelling thereof and refusing to lye on the side grieued and lastly a continuall looking backeward Now the generall cures for the sicknesse of the liuer is according to the opinion of the ancient Farriers to giue the horse aloes dissolued in sweet
be inflamed that is whether it be much sweld or no if it be not inflamed then you shall annoynt it with oyle of roses warmed on a chafing dish and coales or for want of such oyle you shall wash it with warme red wine but if it be inflamed then you shall bathe it well with a soft spunge dipt in the decoction of mallowes camomill linseed and fenegreeke and also you shall annoynt it well with oyle of camomill and dill mingled together to asswage the swelling and then with a gentle hand warme linnen cloathes thrust it faire and softly vp into his true place that done bathe all the tuell about with red wine wherein hath beene sodden Acatium galles acorne cuppes and the parings of quinces then throw vpon it either the powder of Bolearmonicke or of frankinsence or Sanguis Draconis Myrre Acatium or such like then giue him to drinke the dry pils of Pomegranats beaten to powder either with wine or warme water and be sure to keepe the horse very warme and in his body neither too soluble or loose nor too costiue or hard bound but of a meane and a soft temper for the extremity of either is most hurtfull CHAP. 73. Of the Bots Truncheons and wormes in a horses body MY Maisters the old Farriers are of opinion that the guts of a horse do breede three sorts of wormes that is to say little short wormes with great red heads and long smal white tayles which we call bots short thick worms all of a bignesse like a mans finger which we call Truncheons and great long wormes as bigge as a mans finger and at least sixe inches in length which we call by the simple name of wormes onely Now for mine part I am of opinion that the first which are bots are not bred in the guts but in the stomacke onely because hauing cut vp many horses I neuer could finde any one bot in the guts yet great store of both the other wormes nor euer cut vp the stomacke of a horse but I found great aboundance of bots and neither of the other wormes whence I am confidently opiniated that bots are euer bred in the stomacke and both the other sorts of wormes in the guts truth it is that all three do proceede from one selfe cause which is a raw grosse flegmatike matter apt to putrifaction and ingendred by foule naughty feeding and as they proceede from one selfe cause so haue they all one signe and one cure The signes then are the horse will forsake his meate and not stand vpon his legges but wallow and tumble and beate his belly with his feete and sometimes the paine will be so extreme that he will beate his head against the ground and truly the violence of these wormes are wonderfull for I haue seene horses whose stomacks haue bene eaten quite through with them so that the meate which they ate could not abide in their stomacke but fell vpon the swallowing into the body making the body swell like a tun and so haue dyed with huge torment Now the cure according to the ancientest Farriers is to take a quart of sweete milke of hony a quarterne and giue it him luke warme then walke him vp and downe for the space of an houre after and so let him rest for that day with as little meate and drinke as may be and by no meanes suffer him to lye downe The next day when the horse is fasting take of rue a handfull of Sauin as much and being well stampt put thereunto a little brimstone and a little foote of a chimney beaten into fine powder put all these things together in a quart of wort or new ale and there let them lye in steepe the space of an howre or two then straine it hard through a faire cloath and giue it the horse to drinke luke warme then bridle him and walke him abroad the space of an howre then set him vp and let him stand on the bit two or three howres after and then giue him a little hay Other Farriers vse only to giue the horse for this disease the warme guts of a new slaine henne or chicken being thrust downe the horses throate and sure it is passing good especially if a little salt be mixed with them and this must be done three mornings together fasting keeping the horse from drinking three or foure howres after Others vse to take three ounces of the rootes of Caphers beaten with halfe so much vinegar and put it downe the horses throate or else a pint of milke a spoonfull of sope giuen the horse to drinke or brimstone and milke giuen to drinke all be very soueraigne Others vse to binde about the snafle or bit mans dung new made and so ride him therewith Others take of Gentian Aloes and Sauin of each halfe an ounce and brew them together with hony and strong ale Others vse to take onely a quart of cold sweete wort Others take Sauin Southerwort or else wormewood and the tops of broome small chopt and mixe it with the horses prouender Others vse to giue the horse to drinke luke warme elder berries sodden in milke Others vse to giue the horse with his prouender his owne haire chopt small and mixt with bay salt Others put hot embers in water and presently straine it and giue it the horse to drinke Others make little round balles of honey and the fine powder of chalke and putting them into ale make the horse swallow them Others vse to take especially for the long wormes a halfe peny worth of Fenegreeke of anise seedes a quarter of a pound a halfepeny worth of bay berries as much licoras and as much turmericke and a little quantity of brimstone beate them into powder put them into a quart of ale and giue it the horse fasting luke warme to drinke then ride him an howre after then set him vp warme foure and twenty howres after Others vse especially for the Truncheons to take two spoonefull of the powder of wormewood finely fearst and put it in a pint of good malmsey and after it is brewd a while let it stand and soake all night then giue it the horse in the morning fasting then keepe him without meate or drinke foure houres after Others vse to giue the horse to drinke two spoonefull of wormeseede as much brimstone or powder of Sauin with a quart of malmsey ale or beere Others vse to take as much blacke sope as a wal nut and as much brimstone beaten to powder and a heade or two of garlicke pild bruised and put into a quart of good ale and giue it the horse luke warme to drinke This medicine also may be administred to a Mare great with foale if she be troubled with the bots or other wormes so that the blacke sope be left out for it is a violent purger and may kill the foale in the mares belly yet for mine owne part I neuer giue any inward physicall medicine
or Pissupprest in a Horse THe stone or pissupprest in a horse is when a horse would faine stale but cannot at all and therefore may well be called the suppression of of the vrine it proceedeth according to the opinions of my masters the old Farriers sometimes from the weaknesse of the bladder when the water conduit is stopped with grosse humours or with matter descending from the liuer or from some inflammation or hard knobs growing at the mouth of the conduit or for that the sinewes of the bladder are numbed so as the bladder is without feeling or it may come by keeping a horse in long trauell and not suffering him to stale but most commonly and oftest it cometh from obstructions in the kidneyes where by the causes aforesayd a certaine redde grauell being bred and falling downe into the conduits by the mixture of fleame and other grosse humours is there brought to be a hard stone and so stoppeth the passage of the vrine for the signes there needeth no more but this that he would faine pisse but cannot The cure according to the opinion of the most ancientest Farriers is first to draw out his yard and bethe it well with white wine and pricke it and scoure it well lest it be stopped with durt and filthinesse then put a little oile of camomill into his yard with a waxe candle and a bruised cloue of garlike but if that will not force him to stale then take of parsley two handfuls of coriander one handful stamp them and straine them with a quart of white wine dissolue therein one ounce of cake sope and giue it luke warme vnto the horse to drinke and see that you keepe him as warme as may be and let him drinke no cold water for the space of fiue or sixe dayes and when you would haue him to stale let it either bee vpon good plenty of straw or vpon the grasse or in a sheep-coate Others those of the best esteeme for Horse-leach-craft at this day vse onely to giue white wine cake sope and butter very well mixt together and let the horse drinke it warme Others vse to annoynt the horses belly first with warme water then when it is dryed to annoynt it againe with sallet oyle horse-grease and tarre mixt together and made warme and to hold a hot yron against his belly whilest it is in annoynting that the oyntment may the better enter the skin but I hold this medicine to be much better for the strangury or any other paine in the belly then for the stone yet it is approued good for all Others vse to take a pint of white wine or ale mixe with it a little garlicke and the whites of ten egges giue it the horse to drinke or else giue him the iuice of red cole-worts mixt with white wine or the roote of Alexanders bruised sodden in wine to drinke wash his yard with vinegar Others vse to take either wormewood southernewood or galingale or mallowes or pimpernell some of these or any one of these stampt and strained and giue it the horse with ale to drinke Others vse to take a pint of white wine halfe a pint of burre seede beaten very small two ounces of parsley seede halfe a handfull of hyssop halfe an ounce of blacke sope mixe them all well together and warme it and giue it the horse to drinke or else take vnset leekes and stampe them small and sope milke and butter and being mixt together giue it the horse to drinke Others vse to take a nutmegge and a handfull of parsley seed beate them to powder then take as much butter and mixe them altogether in a quart of strong ale and giue it the horse luke warme to drinke or else take the seede of smallage parsley Saxefrace the roots of Philupendula cherry-stone kirnels grummell seeds and broome seedes of each a like quantity beat them into fine powder and giue it the horse with a pint or a quart of white wine Now albeit all these medicines before rehearsed are in dayly practise and approued very soueraigne yet for mine owne part I haue found none more soueraigne then this Take a quart of strong ale and put it into a pottle pot then take as many keene radish rootes cleane washed being slit through and bruised as will fill vp the pot then stopping the pot very close that no ayre may come in let it so stand foure and twenty howres then straine the ale and the rootes very hard into a cleane vessell and giue it the horse fasting in the morning to drinke then ride him a little vp and downe and so set him vp warme and watch him and you shall see him stale This you must do diuers mornings together CHAP. 78. Of a Horse that pisseth bloud THere is nothing more certaine then that a horse many times will pisse bloud in stead of vrine the cause as the most ancient Farriers suppose proceeding from some one of these grounds either ouermuch labour or too heauy a burthen especially when the horse is fat for by either of them the horse may come to breake some veine in his body and then you shall see cleare bloud come out no vrine at all but if the bloud be mixt with vrine then they suppose it cometh from the kidneyes hauing some ragged stone therein which through great trauell doth fret the veines of the kidneyes and makes them bleed through which as the vrine passeth it taketh the bloud away with it also but for mine owne part I haue not found any greater cause for the pissing of bloud then the taking vp of a horse from grasse in the strength of winter as about Christmas and presently without a dayes rest in the stable to thrust him vnto a long and weary iourney from this cause I haue seene many horses after two or three daies iourney to pisse bloud in most grieuous manner The signes are needlesse The cure according to the opinion of the ancient Farriers is this First let the horse bloud in the palate of the mouth to conuert the bloud the contrary way then take of Tragagant which hath bene steeped in wine halfe an ounce of poppy seed one dramme and one scruple and of Storax as much and twelue pine-apple kirnels let all these things be beaten and mingled well together and giue the horse thereof euery morning the space of seuen dayes the quantity of a wal-nut infused in a quart of sweete wine Other latter Farriers vse to let the horse bloud in the necke and boyle that bloud with wheate and with the powder of dryed pomegranate pils then straine it and giue it him three or foure mornings together to drinke and let him by no meanes trauell thereupon or else giue him of husked beanes boyled with the huskes of acornes beaten smal and mixt together Others vse to make him a drinke with the rootes of Daffadill mingled with wheate flowre and Sumach sodden long in water and so
to the opinion of some Farriers a pretty quantity of May butter with as much rosmary a little yellow rosen with a like quantity of ●●●ladine then stamp them all together fry them with the May butter then straine it and keepe it in a close boxe for it is a iewell for sore ●ies and annoint your horses eyes therewith at least twice a day it is also good to heale any wound Other Farriers vse to let the horse bloud in the eye veines and then wash his eyes with red-rose water Others vse to take the gall of a blacke sheepe and beate it and straine it and then to wash the eyes therewith Others vse to burne the horse vnder the eyes that the ill humours may distill forth and then to annoint his eyes either with the marrow of a sheepes shanke and rose water mixt together or else with the iuice of ground Iuy Other Farriers vse to take a Mould-warpe and lapping her all ouer in clay burne her to ashes and then to take of that powder blow it into the horses eyes Other vse to take an empty egge shell and fill it with baysalt then burne it till it be blacke then adde to it of burnt allome the quantity of your thumb beate them together to fine powder then mixe some of this powder with fresh butter and wipe it into the horses eyes with a feather then clappe the white of an egge dipt in flaxe ouer his eyes do this once a day for a seuen night after but once in two dayes this is most excellent for any filme and also for a pearle Others vse to take two dry tile-stones and rubbe them together and blow the powder of it with a quill into the horses eyes three or foure dayes together CHAP. 10. Of the Pearle Pinne Webbe or any spot in the Horses eye THe Pearle the Pinne the Webbe or any vnnaturall spot or thicke filme ouer a horses eye proceedeth for the most part from some stroake receiued yet the pearle which is a little round thicke white spot like a pearle growing on the sight of the horses eye comes many times from naturall causes and euen from d●scent of Sire and Damme as I haue o●ten found by experience The signe is the apparant sight of the infirmity and the cure according to the opinion of the most ancient Farriers is to take sixe leaues of ground Iuy and a branch of selladine and bray them in a mortar with a spoonefull or two of womans milke and then straine it through a cleane linnen cloth and put it into a close glasse and then droppe of it as much into the horses eye at a time as will fill halfe a hazell nut shell and it is the fittest to be done at night onely do thus thrice at the least and for three daies after keepe the horse as much as may be from any light Other Farriers vse to annoint the horses eyes with the marrow of goates shankes or Deeres shankes and rose water mixt together or else to wash his eyes with the iuice of the berries and leaues of ground Iuy or other Iuy mixt with white wine and to blow into his eyes the powder of blacke flint or of land oysters but that powder must be made so exceeding fine as by art in scarcing can any waies be brought to passe And then for the taking away of any filme or pearle there is no medicine more souereigne There be other Farriers which vse to take the leane of a gammon of bacon dry it therof make a powder blow it into the horses eye Others vse to take white ginger made into very fine powder blow it into the horses eies yet before you so do if the web haue continued any long time it shall not be amisse first to annoint the horses eye with capons grease Others vse to blow into the horses eye the powder of elder leaues dryed or else the powder of mans dung dryed or the powder of a gray whetstone mixt with the oyle of hony and put into the horses eie Others vse to take the yolke of an egge with salt burnt beaten to powder and blow it into the horses eye or else the powder of the cuttell bone Others vse to take either elder leaues dryed or mans dung dryed mixe it with the powder of the shel or bone of the crab-fish and blow it into the horses eye Others take Tutty beaten to powder with a quill blow it iust vpon the pearle Other Farriers vse to take and sure it is not inferior to any medicine whatsoeuer a good quantity of white salt lapping it round vp in a wet cloth put it into the fire and burne it to a red coale then taking it forth and breaking it open you shall finde in the midst thereof a white chore as bigge as a beane or bigger then picke out that chore and beate it to powder and mixe it with a little white wine then after it hath stood a while take the thicke thereof that lyeth in the bottome and put it into the horses eye and with the thin wash his eye do thus once a day till the pearle be consumed Others vse to take the iuice of rue and put it into the horses eye or else to make a hole in an egge put forth all that is within it and fill the shell with pepper and closing it in an earthen pot put it into a hot burning ouen till it be white hot then take it forth and beate the pepper to powder and blow thereof into the horses eye Others vse to take of pommis stone of Tartarum and of Sal gemma of each like weight and being beaten into very fine powder to blow a little of that into the horses eye continuing so to do till the eye be well Others vse onely to blow the powder of Sandeuoire into the horses eye affirming that it alone hath sufficient force and vertue to breake any pearle or webbe in a very short space without any other composition but surely I haue found the powder of flint and the powder of white salt burnt to be much more stronger CHAP. 11. Of the Haw in the Horses eye THe haw is a gristle growing betwixt the neather eye lidde and the eye and it couereth sometimes more then the one halfe of the eye It proceedes of grosse and tough fleamy humours which descending downe from the head and knitting together do in the end grow to a horne or hard gristle The signes thereof are a watering of the eye and an vnwilling opening of the neather lidde besides an apparant shew of the haw it selfe if with your thumb you do but put downe the nether lidde of the horses eye The cure is first take a needle a double threed put it through the tippe of the horses eare which done put the needle likewise through the vpper eye lid of the horse vpwards and so draw vp the eye lidde and fasten it to the eare then
out all the crummes then fill the loafe full of burning coal●s vntill it be well burned within then take of that crust and put it in white wine and after it is well soaked lay it to the soare eye then take sope water and cold water mixt together and wash all the eye browes therewith and if for all that it go not away then you shal let him bloud on the temple veines and if he do rubbe or chafe his eie you shall let him bloud of the veines vnder his eyes wash his eyes with cold sope water but if his eies do chance to looke redde with the bl●w then you shall lay vnto them a plaister of redde lead and ●all toyle beaten well together Others vse to take the iuice of plantane stampt and mixt with white wine and so layed to the soare eye Others vse both for this disease or any other soare eye to stampe strong nettles with a little beere and then straining it to squirt thereof into the horses eye twice or thrice together then to put of the fine powder of Sandeuoire a little into his eye and then be carefull to keepe the horses eye from winde or cold but if you must neede● r●de him then put a wollen cloath before the horses eye also it is not amisse to let him bloud on his eye veines and the twice dressing will be sufficient Other Farriers vse first to annoynt the soare eie three daies together with hennes or capons grease to mollifie it then take a little life hony and warming it wipe it into the horses eye with a feather Others take the iuice of plantane mixt with hony or else the iuice of tyme mixt with hony and put it into the horses eye Others vse to take the ashes of an old shooe s●le burnt in an ou●n put it into the horses eye or else the powder of a gray whetstone blowne into the so●re eye both are speedy remedies Others vse to take the iuice of smallage and of fennell and mixing them with the white of an egge put it into the horses eye once a day till the eye be whole CHAP. 15. For a Wart in the Eye A Wart in a horses eye is a fleshy excretion or a fleshy knot growing either vpon the eye or vppon the edge or inside of the eye liddes It proceedeth from a thicke fleame which descendeth to the eye by meanes that the horse is too much kept in a darke stable without light and this infirmity will make a horses eye consume and grow little The cure is to take roach allome and burne it on a tile-stone and then put as much white copporas thereunto not burnt and grinde them to powder then lay some of that powder iust vpon the head of the wart and do thus once a day till the wart be consumed away CHAP. 16. For any Inflammation in a Horses eies HOrses may diuersly haue inflammations in the eyes as by long standing in the stable with fowle feeding and no exercise or by moats falling into his eyes or by ranknesse of bloud and such like any of which will breed an inflammation or sorenesse in the eyes The signes are itching and rubbing of the eies and a little swelling with some loathnesse to open the eye liddes The cure is first to let him bloud vpon the temple veines and vpon the eye veines and then to wash his eyes with milke and hony mixt together Others after bloud letting will wash the horses eyes with hony and Aloes epatica mixt together and others will wash his eyes with Aloes dissolued in white wine any of which is approued to be most excellent for any soare eye CHAP. 17. Of the Impostume in the eare of a Horse IMpostumes which breed in the eare of a horse proceede from diuers causes as from some great blow about the head or from wringings with a hard halter or from some euill humours cong●aled in the eares by some extreme cold The signes whereof appeare plainly by the burning and painfull swelling of the roots of the eares and the other parts thereabout The cure thereof is first to ripe the impostume with this plaister take of linseed beaten into powder and of wheat flowre of each halfe a pint of hony a pint of hoggesgrease otherwise called barrowes grease one pound warme all these things together in an earthen pot and stirre them continually with a flat sticke or slice vntill they be throughly mingled and incorporated together and then spread some of this plaister being warme vpon a peeee of linnen cloth or soft white leather so broad as the swelling and no more and lay it warme vnto it and so let it remaine one whole day and then renew it againe continuing so to do vntill it either do breake or else grow so ripe that you may lance it downeward so that the matter may haue passage out then taint it with a taint of flax dipped in this salue euen to the bottome that is to say take of Metrosa●um of sallet oyle and turpentiue of each two ounces mingle them together make the horse a biggen of canuase to close in the soare so as the taint with the oyntment may abide within the soare renewing the taint once a day vntill it be wh●l● but if the horse haue paine in his eares without any great pain or inflammation then thrust into his eare a little blacke wolle dipt in the oyle of camomile that will ease him but if the impostume be broken before you perceiue it and that you see matter runne from the horses eares then you shall take of oyle of roses of Venice turpentine and of hony of each like quantity and mixing them well together warme it luke warme vpon a few coales and then dipping blacke wolle therein thrust it downe into the horses eare that runneth renewing it once a day vntil the eare leaue running CHAP. 18. Of the Polle euill THE Polle euill is a great swelling inflammation or apostume in the nape of a horses necke iust betweene his eare towards his maine and proceedeth sometimes from the horses struggling or striuing in his halter especially if the halter be of hard new twound hempe sometimes it proceedeth from euill humors gathered together in that place or else from some stripe or blow giuen to the horse by some rude keeper carter or man of little discretion for that part being the weakest and tenderest part about the head is the soonest offended and grieued with sorrance The signes of this disease is an apparant swelling betw●ene the horses eares and on each side his necke which in continuance of time will breake of it owne accord yet doth euer rot more inwardiy then outwardly from whence it comes that this disease is more commonly called of our common and ignorant Farriers the fistula in the necke then the polle-euill and i● truth it is an vlcer so hollow and so crooked and so full of sharpe matter like vnto lye that it very little differeth
foote which commeth of all the former causes rehearsed in the last chapter is so apparant to the eye that it nedeth none other signes Now for the cure it is thus take of turpentine one pound of tarre halfe a pint of vnwrought waxe halfe a pound of sheepes suet halfe a pound of sallet oyle halfe a pint boyle all these things together and stirre them continually vntill they bee throughly mixt together then make a boote of leather with a strong sole fit for the horses foote to be laced fast about the pastorne then dresse his foote with the salue aforesaid laid vpon flaxe or tow and bolster or stop his foote with soft flaxe so as the boote may grieue him no manner of waies renewing it euery day once vntill the new hoofe come then as the hoofe beginneth to harden if it grow either thicke crompled or out of order with a fine rape-file keepe it smooth and plaine till the hoofe bee perfect and then put him to grasse that there it may take a kindly hardening and toughnesse CHAP. 100. Of the Hoofe-bound THe hoofe-bound is nothing else but a shrinking in of the whole hoofe in the vpper parte thereof making the skinne to stare aboue the hoofe and to grow ouer the same It proceedeth from keeping the horses hoofes too dry in the stable or from straite shooing or from some vnnaturall heate after foundring and the signes of the disease are that the horse will halt much and his hoofes will be hot and if you knocke vpon them with an hammer they will sound hollow like an empty bottle and if both his feete bee not hoofe-bound then the soare foote will euer be the lesser and you shall also vnderstand that this disease of some Farriers is called a dry foundring Now for the cure thereof according to the opinion of the ancient Farriers it is thus take a pound of the sward of bacon and a quarterne of a pound of white sope and a handfull of balme and a handfull of bay leaues and foure or fiue branches of rew and stampe them well together and then fry them and lay them about the cronet of the hoofe very●oat suffering it so to abide the space of fiue daies and then renew it but in no case let him tread in any wet and this will helpe him Other of the ancient Farriers vse first to pull off his shooes and to shooe him with halfe moone shooes called Lunets or Lunet the shape whereof you shall see in an other place then raze both the quarters of the hoofe with a drawing knife from the cronet vnto the sole of the foote so deepe that you may see the dew come foorth and if you make two razes on each side it shall bee so much the better and inlarge the hoofe the more that done annoint all the hoofe aboue next vnto the cronet round about with the oyntment described before in the last chapter of casting the hoofe continuing so to do euery day once vntill hee beginne to amend and let him bee ridden vpon some soft wet ground an howre or two euery day once for the space of a moneth and if hee goe not well at the moneths end then take off the halfe shooes and pare all the soles ●rushes and all so thinne that you may see the dew come foorth and tacke on a whole shooe and stoppe all the foote within with hogges grease and branne molten together and laid very hote to the foote renewing it euery day once the space of nine daies to the intent the sole may rise but if this will doe no good then take away the sole cleane and clap on a whole shooe and stoppe the foote with nettles and salte braid together yet stop it not too hard to the intent the sole may haue liberty to rise let this be renewed euery day once till the sole bee growne againe then let him bee shod with Lunets and so sent to grasse Other Farriers vse onely to raze the hoofe from the cronet to the verdge of the hoofe in foure or fiue places and rubbe it twice or thrice a day with salt and that will open the hoofe Others vse onely to open the horse exceeding much at the heeles once a weeke and to shooe him with very wide open shooes and then for a moneth or two to draw him in some carte that by beeing forced to set his foote hard to the ground hee may thereby stretch foorth and widen his hoofe Now to preuent this soarrance it is good to annoynt his hoofes with neats foote oyle or with turpentine and to stop them vnderneath with cowes dung CHAP. 101. Of the running or rotten Frush THe Frush which of some is called the Frogge of the foote is the tenderest part of the hoo●e towards the heele and is fashioned like a forked arrow head being onely that part of the foot which Farriers cut forth when they say they cut forth the soale of the horses foote Now in this frush breedeth many times a rottennesse or corruption proceeding of humors which cometh out of the legges by which the legge is kept cleane from wind-galles and all other tumors or swellings by meanes that the humours haue passage that wayes notwithstanding the mischiefe of this sorrance is greater then the benefite because it maketh the horses foote so weake and tender that he is not able to treade vpon any hard ground The signes of the sorrance are the horse will halt much when he trauelleth either vpon loose stony ground or vpon stiffe dirty waies and goeth euer best vpon greene swarth but aboue all hee halteth most when the pas●age of the humour is stopped with any grauell gathered into the frush and not being stopt it will continually runne and stinke so extremely that a man can hardly endure it besides in some places it will looke rawe Now the cure according to the opinion of the ancient Farriers is thus First take off the shooe and pare away all the corrupt places and make them raw so as you may see the water issue out of the raw places then tacke on the shooe againe being first made wide and large enough that done take of soote one handfull of salte as much bruise them well together in a dish and put thereto the whites of three egs and temper them altogether with a little ●ow dipt therein stoppe all the foote and especially the frush and splent it in so as it may not f●ll out renewing it once a day the space of seuen dayes and certainly it will cure him Now during the cure the horse must rest and come in no wet and at the seuen dayes end leaue stopping him and ride him abroad and alwayes when hee commeth in let his soare foote be cleane washed for there is no greater enemy vnto the sorrance then grauell and dirt Other of our later Farriers onely take off the shooe and pare him well and keepe the soare cleane both from dirt and his owne dung by washing it