rested a while there to refreshe them Braunches of trees hee commaunded euerye man to get a bough of some tree or other of that wood in his hand as bigge as he might beare and to march forth therwith in such wise that on the next morow they might come closely and without sight in thys manner within viewe of hys enimies On the morow when Makbeth beheld them comming in this sort hee first marueyled what the matter ment but in the end remembred himselfe that the prophecie which he had hearde long before that time of the comming of Byrnane wood to Dunsinnane Castell was likely to bee now fulfilled Neuerthelesse he brought hys men in order of battell Makbeth setteth his men in order of battel Makbeth fleeeth and is pursued of Makduffe and exhorted them to doe valiantly howbeit his enimies had scarcely cast from them their boughes when Makbeth perceiuing their numbers betook him streight to flight whom Makduffe pursued with great hatred eueÌ„ till he came vnto Lunfannain where Makbeth perceiuing that Makduffe was hard at his back leapt beside his horse saying thou traytor what meaneth it that thou shouldest thus in vaine follow me that am not appoynted to be slain by any creature that is borne of a woman come on therefore and receyue thy rewarde which thou hast deserued for thy paynes and therewithall he lyfted vp his sworde thinking to haue slaine him But Makduffe quickly auoyding from his horse ere he came at him answered with his naked sworde in his hande saying it is true Makbeth and now shall thine insatiable crueltie haue an ende for I am euen he that thy wysards haue tolde the of who was neuer borne of my mother but ripped out of hir wombe therewithall he stept vnto him slue him in the place Makbeth is slaine Then cutting his heade from the shoulders hee set it vpon a poll and brought it vnto Malcolme This was the end of Makbeth after he had raigned .xvij. yeares ouer the Scottishmen In the beginning of his raigne he accomplished many worthie actes right profitable to the common wealth as ye haue heard but afterwarde by illusion of the diuell he defamed â—…he same with most terrible crueltie He was slaine in the yeare of the incarnation 1057. and in the .xvj. 1057. Io. Ma. 1061. H.B. 8. H.B. yeare of king Edwardes raigne ouer the English men MAlcolme Cammore thus recouering the realme as ye haue hearde by support of king Edward in the .xvj. Malcolme yeare of the same Edwards raign he was crowned at Scone the .xxv day of April in the yeare of our Lorde .1057 Immediately after his coronation he called a Parliament at Forfair A Parliament at Forfair in the which he rewarded them with landes and liuings that had assisted him agaynst Makbeth aduauncing them to fees and offices as he saw cause and commaunded that specially those that bare the surname of any office or landes shoulde haue and enioye the same He created many Earles Lordes Barons and Knightes Thanes changed into Earles Many of them that before were Thanes were at this time made Earles as Fife Menteth Atholl Leuenox Murray Cathnes Rosse and Angus These were the first Earles that haue beene heard of amongest the Scottishe men as their hystories make mention Many new surnames were takeÌ„ vp at this time amongst them Surnames as Cauder Lokart Gordon Seyton Lauder Wawane Meldrun Schaw Leirmouth Libertoun Strachquhen Cargill Rattrey Dundas Cockbourne Myrtoun MenÈeis Abercrummy Lesly with many other that had possessions giuen to them which gaue names to the owners for the time Others got their surnames by offices as Stewarde Durwarde and Banerman Also the proper names of many valiant captaynes were turned into generall surnames as Kennedy Graham Hay with dyuerse other to long here to rehearse So that it came to passe then as it hath done many tymes sithence that new surnames haue worne the olde out of vse In the foresayde Parliament thus holden at Forfair in the beginning of his raign there were many holesome ordinances established both apperteyning to ciuill administration and also to the ecclesiasticall iurisdiction In rewarde also of Makduffes seruice Makduffes Earle of Fife his aduauncement who as ye haue heard chiefly ayded him to the atteyning of the crowne he honoured him and his posteritie with three sortes of priuiledges Fyrst that the Earle of Fife for the tyme being Priuiledges graunted vnto Makduffes lynage at the coronation of a king should by his office set the crowne on the kings head The second was that when the king should giue battaile to his enimies the same Earle should leade the vauntgard of his host The thirde that the lynage of Makduffe should enioy regall authoritie and power within al their lands roomthes as to appoynt officers and iudges for the hearing and determining of all matters and controuersies treason onely excepted and that if any of their men or tenants were called to answere in any Court out of their circuit they might appeale to their owne iudges to bee appoynted as before is expressed Iohannes Maior wryteth in his Chronicle Iohannes Maior that the thirde priuiledge which Malcolme graunted vnto this Makduffe and his posteritie was this that for euery Gentleman that any of theÌ„ should hap to kill by chaunce medley and not vpon pretensed malice for the summe of .xxiiij. markes he should redeeme his punishment due for the same for the casuall slaughter of a meaner person he should be fined at .xij. Markes so that murtherers were wont to say that if they were able to pay that summe vnto the Kynboc then ought to be released of further punitian by Makduffes priuiledge But this third priuiledge togither with the other two former grauntes the sayde Maior sore reproueth and not without cause as maye appeare considering the naturall inclination of that people vnto murther which by this meanes nourishing secrete hatred and malice in theyr heartes might vnder the clokeÌ„ of casuall falling out slea whom they lusted It was ordeyned also at this Parliament that Barons which had liberties within theÌ„selues Gybets and draw welles should make gybbets whereon men that deserued death shoulde suffer execution and also draw Welles wherein women that were condemned should be drowned according to the order of the ciuill lawes vsed in Scotland Makbethes lawes abrogated Moreouer all the lawes that Makbeth had ordeyned were abrogate at this Parliament Thus whilest Malcolme was busied in setting orders amongst his subiects tydings came that one Lugtake surnamed the foole Luktake being eyther the sonne or as some write the cousin of the late mentioned Makbeth was conueyed wyth a great number of such as had taken part with the sayde Makbeth vnto Seone Lugtake crowned at Scone and there by their support receyued the Crowne as lawfull inheritor thereto To appease this businesse was Makduffe Earle of Fife sent with full commission in the kings name Lugtake
affirmeth But this discourse haue I made according to their owne Histories least I should seeme to defraude them of whatsoeuer glory 〈◊〉 be gotten by errours as the maner is of them as well as of other Nations whiche to aduaunce their antiquities and glorie of theyr auncetouâ—â— take the aduantage oftentymes of wryters stand worthie of credite But nowe againe to our purpose 〈…〉 Arâ—…iragâ—… being established in the kingdome of Brytayne vpon some priuate displeasure forsooke his wyfe named Voada the sister of Caratake king of the Scottish men and maryed one Genissa a Romaine Ladie whiche acte manye of the Brytaynes disallowed the more in deede bycause he had fayre issue alreadie by Voada as a sonne and two daughters But this was done as all men iudged by the counsell of Aulus Planctius thereby to breake all friendship and alliaunce betwixt the Brytaynes and Scottes to the ende that in no case of rebellion they should ioyne their powers togither Neither did he onely refuse Voada whom al men knewe to be his lawfull wife Voada imprisoned but also caused hir to be kept in prison till that the Brytayns hauing indignation thereat got hir out of the place where she was kept Voada is deliuered out of prison and conueyed into Wales and conueyed hir into Wales togither with hir children With which dealing Aruiragus being highly moued determined with force of armes to punish them that had thus misused him but perceyuing that not onely those people which inhabited the Countrey nowe called Wales and other that adioyned on the North Marches therof were readie to defende the Queene agaynste his malice he was fayne to require ayde of the Romaynes who with their Captaine Aulus Planctius assembling togyther with such of the Brytayns as tooke part with Aruiragus set forwarde towarde the enimies Aruiragus giueth his enimies an ouerthrow and ioyning with them in battail did giue them the ouerthrow The next day after this victorie thus gotten worde was brought that the people inhabiting in the countreys A commotion agaynst Aruiragus which we now cal Lancashire Yorkshire and Darbishire were vp in armor agaynst the king and the Romaines by reason whereof Aruiragus and Aulus Planctius withdrewe towardes London that defending the sea coastes towards Fraunce they might yet haue the sea open at all tymes whatsoeuer chaunced And to reenforce their power Aulus Planctius sent ouer for two Legions of Souldiors into Fraunce to come with all speede to his ayde The Brytayns make themselues strong The Brytaynes who had gone so farre in the matter that they could not wel withdraw themselues now being certified of al their enimies doings thought best to make themselues so strong as was possible And to the ende that they might proceede in some orderly meane all the greatest Lordes estates assembled togither at Shrewsburie The Brytaines assemble themselues at Shrewesburie in those dayes called Coriminum where they concluded vppon a league to ayde one another with all their might and maine agaynst the Romaines and Aruiragus who went aboute to bring them wholy vnder seruile subiection and thraldome of the same Romaines They confederate themselues togither They beeing thus agreed to make warres in this quarell and for the same purpose to ioyne theyr whole puyssance togither there rose a doubt whome they myght choose for theyr generall Captaine for that it was feared least there might growe some secrete enuie amongest the Nobles being of equal power if one should be in this case preferred before an other For the auoyding of which mischiefe by the graue admonition of one Comus a noble man of the parties of Wales Caratake chosen to be captaine of the Brytaynes they accorded to sende Messengers vnto Caratake the King of Scotlande requyring him to ayde them in their right and iust quarel agaynst Aruiragus and the Romaines whereby hee might reuenge the iniurie done to his syster Queene Voada and hir issue Aruiragus woulde disenherite hys owne children which he had by Voada whome the father throughe counsayle of the Romaines purposed to disenherite to the ende suche chyldren as he had by Genissa for that they were of the Romain bloud might enioy the kingdome They further declared that all the Brytishe Lordes whiche were confederate in this entreprise had chosen him by common assent to bee their general and chief leader if it might so please him to take it vpon him as their 〈◊〉 was hee would considering the iust causes of there warre and the suretie whiche by victorie gotten might ensue vnto al the inhabitants of the whole Isle of Albion Caratake promised ayd vnto the Brytaynes Caratake hauing hearde the summe of these request and throughly waying the same promised them to be readie with his whole puissance in the beginning of the next 〈◊〉 to coâ—…e to theyr ayde vnto what place soeuer they shoulde 〈…〉 them they myght be must assured wylling them in the meane haue so to prouide for themselues as theyr enimyes might haue no aduauntage at their handes With this agreeable 〈◊〉 the Brytishe Messengers 〈◊〉 vnto Shrewâ—…sburie to the 〈◊〉 who 〈◊〉 at the â—â—wes made 〈…〉 to goe agaynst the Romaines 〈◊〉 hope of good successe speciallye throughe ayde of the Scotteâ—… and Pictes The Pictes ioyne with Scottes and Brytaynes agaynst the Romaines who also wyth theyr King called Conkyst were willing to helpe towardes the delyuering of the lande from vondage of the Romaines whose nestling so neare their noses they were loth to see or heare of So soone therefore as the 〈◊〉 approâ—…hed all those three people Brytaynes Scottes â–ª and Pictes gathered theyr powers togither and met in Yorkeshyre in purpose to encounter wyth theyr enimyes in battayle wheresoeuer they founde them Aruiragus Aulus Planctius hauing knowledge of all the doings of the confederates likewyse assembled their power and comming towardes them for a while to â—â—der fo ioyne in battayle throughe counsaile of Planctius who perceyuing the most part of the Brytaynes and Scottes to be but newe Souldiers taken vp of late to fil the numbers knew that by proceeding tyme they woulde be soone out of heart throughe watching and euill harborough in such sort that in the ende they shoulde be easie ynough to deale with and euen so it came â—…o passe For the Romaines refusing to fight a generall battayle yet scoured so the fieldes on eche side abrode that neyther the Brytaynes nor Scottes coulde goe forth any wayes for forrage or vâ—…ttailes The Brytaynes awearied through trauaile but they were stil snatched vp so that what through hunger lacke of sleepe and other diseases many of the Brytaynes began to conuey themselues from the campe home to theyr houses of whome some beyng taken by the enimies declared y t the whole armie of the confederates was in great distresse and sore enfeebled by suche vnaccustomed trauaile and diseases as they were enforced vnto in the campe Wherevpon Aruiragus and Auâ—â—s Planctius determined the
people with their kings were contented to haue peace with the Scottes though it lay in theyr handes now to destroy the whole nation if so be the Scottes woulde agree freely to resigne aswell to the English men as Brytaynes all such lands and Countreys as they had nowe gotten into theyr possessions Articles of peace proposed without any clayme or tytle to be made to the same from thenceforth eyther by them or any of their posteritie so that the water of Forth on the East halfe shoulde deuide the Scottishe dominions from the confines of the English men and Brytaynes The Forth called the Scottishe sea and be called from that tyme euer after the Scottishe sea On the west the water of Clyde should deuide the Scottish landes from the Brytaynes the Castel of Alâ—…luth Donbriton It was called before Caer Arclâ—…yth that is the Citie vpon Cluid as H. Lluyd holdeth standing at the mouth of the same riuer to remaine in the handes of the Brytaynes from thenceforth to beare the name of Dunbreton that is to say the castell of the Brytaynes And furthermore that if any of the Scottes shoulde attempt to passe the sayd boundes into any of the Brytish or Englishe borders hee shoulde die for that offence and if by force of tempest it chaunced any of them to be driuen a lande on the South shore within any of those parties they shoulde take nothing away with them but water or vytailes and depart within three dayes except some reasonable cause of stay constrayned them to the contrarie Moreouer they should not fortifie any townes or Castels on the frontires neare to the Englishe or Brytishe confines And further they shoulde couenaunt to pay vnto the English men and Brytaynes within the space of twentie yeares the summe of one thousand pounde of siluer For performance of all which articles of agreement Hostages are required the Scottes shoulde deliuer three score hostages beeing the sonnes and heyres apparant of the chiefest noble men of all theyr Realme and Countrey And if it so were that they mislyked and refused any of these articles hee commaunded that there should no other Ambassador come to him for any other treatie of accorde The Ambassadours returning home and declaring how they had sped The Scottes mislike the articles of peace many of the Scottes thought the Articles nothing reasonable for free people to accept Other iudged that eyther they must come to some agreement with the English men and Brytaynes or else put the lande in extreeme perill and thus had the people bin deuided into two contrarie opinions and factions had not one Calene a noble man borne of high parentage Calene his graue counsell taketh place gouernor of Angus with sober reasons strong arguments appeased this contention perswading them to haue respecte to the tyme and sithe the force of the Realme was so infeebled abated and brought vnder foote through aduerse fortune better it was to yeelde vnto necessitie in sauing part at that present in hope after when occasion serued to recouer the residue than through obstinate wilfulnesse to lose the whole For considering the present daunger it could be reputed no dishonour to receyue conditions of peace at the enimies handes sithe there wanted not the lyke ensample of the Romaines who gladly accepted suche artycles of peace as that noble Prince king Eald appoynted them and yet it is not to be iudged that there wanted men of great knowledge and wisedome amongst them and such as regarded theyr honour so farre forth as reason in any wise dyd reache The multiude mooued with these wordes of Calen The multitude consented vnto Calene his sayings whose graue authoritie by reason of hys age and rowmth was of no small reputation amongst them hauing lost nine of his own sonnes in the last battaile they finally determined to followe his opinion in receyuing the same conditions of agreement which Osbert had prescribed The Scots receiue the peace and therevpon sent agayne theyr Ambassadors with the hostages appoynted for the establishing of the peace in maner as before is rehersed Which beeing throughly accomplished in suche solemne wise as in those dayes King Donaldâ—… with the noble men are sent home againe and in the like cases was accustomed Osbert set Donald with his nobles at libertie sending them home togither with the Ambassadors being earnestly required so to doe both by the English Lordes and also by the Britaynes The agreement being thus made Landes deuided betwixt the Britains English men the landes were deuided betwixt the English men and Britaynes in suche sort as the Brytaynes had for theyr parts all that which lyeth from Sterling vnto the West sea betwixt the Ryuers of Forth and Clyde vnto Cumberlande and the English men possessed the other parcels lying from Starling vnto the East sea betwixt the Scottish sea and Northumberlande so that by this meanes Clyde water Forth and the Scottish sea where Forth runneth into the maine sea deuided the Scottes from the English men and Brytaynes And thus was the towne of Sterling common marche vnto those three people the same towne with the Castell remayning vnto Osbert as it was couenaÌ„ted amoÌ„gst other articles of this peace Here as the Scottes wryters haue he ordeyned his mynt and his coyners of money to inhabite wherevpon came vp the name of Sterling money but therein they are deceyued for as in the hystorie of England shall appeare that name came not in vse till many yeares after A bridge of stone made at Sterling Osbert also in this place caused a stone bridge to be made ouer the water of Forth in stead of the woodden bridge which the Picts had made there and was now pulled downe and in the midst of this new stone bridge he set vp a crosse whereon were grauen these verses Anglos à Scotis separat crux ista remotis Arma hic staÌ„t Bruti stant Scots hac sub cruce tuti In Scottish thus I am free march as passengers may ken Balantine To Scots to Brytons and to English men The picts hope is deceiued The Pictes which had bene with the English men in this iourney euer hoping to be restored to their landes and former possessions by Osbert when they sawe how he reteyned the same in his owne handes appoynting his subiectes to inhabite therein they doubted that which afterwards came to passe in deede least the Englishe men of friendes woulde nowe become enimies seeking the destruction of the whole Pictishe generation thereby to assure themselues in the possession of those landes and liuings wherevnto the Picts as they thought would euer make some clayme and tytle whilest any of them remayned aliue Vpon this mistrust therfore did those Pictes which were amongst the English men make the best shift they coulde for themselues so that many of them got shippes The picts were into Norwaye and Denmark and sayled into Norway Denmark vnto
one in the East the seconde in the West the thyrde in the North the fourth in the South and the fifthe as it were set in the middes of the other hauing many Starres aboute it and went fiue or sixe tymes in compassing the other as it were the space of one houre and shortly after vanished away The Winter after was extreamely colde more than the naturall course had bin aforetime And in the Spring time came a great glutting and continuall rayne causing the Riuers to rise with hygher flouds than they hadde bene accustomed In the yere .1201 1201 Kyng Iohn held his Christmas at Guildforde and there gaue to his seruauntes many faire lyueries Mat. Par. An. reg 3. and sutes of apparell The Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury dyd also the lyke at Caunterbury seemyng in deede to striue with the Kyng whyche of them shoulde passe the other in suche sumptuous apparrellyng of their men whereat the Kyng and not without good cause was greatly moued to indignation agaynste hym although for a time hee couloured the same going presently into the North where he gathered of the countrey there no small summes of money as it were by way of fyning them for theyr transgressions committed in hys forrestes From thence he returned and came to Canterbury where he held his Easter which fell that yeare on the day of the Annunciation of our Lady in the which feast he sate Crowned togyther with hys wife Queene Isabell the Archbyshop of Caunterbury bearing the charges of them and their traynes whilest they remayned there At the feast of the Ascention nexte ensuing Kyng Iohn set out a proclamation at Tewkesbury that all the Earles and Barons of the Realme and also all other that helde of him by Knightes seruice shoulde be ready in the feast of Pentecost nexte ensuyng with Horse and armour at Portesmouth to passe ouer with him into Normandy who made their apperance accordingly Howbeeit a great number of them in the ende gate licence to tarry at home paying for euery Knightes fee two markes of siluer for a fyne which then was a great matter But he sent before him into Normandy William Marshall Earle of Striguill with an hundred Knights Rog. Houed or men of armes which he had hired and Roger de Lacye with an other hundred men of armes to defende the confynes of Normandy againste the enimies and to his ChaÌ„berlain Hubert de Burgh hee delyuered the like number of Knyghtes or men of armes also to keepe the marches betwixt England Wales as Warden of y e same This done he pardoned his brother y e Archb. of York The Archb. of York restored restored him to al his dignities possessioÌ„s liberties coÌ„firming y e same vnto him in as ful large manner as euer Roger late Archbishop of y e See had and enioyed the same for the whiche confirmation his sayd brother vndertooke to pay to the King within the tearme of one yeare the summe of a thousand pounds sterling and for the assurance thereof engaged his barony to the King in pledge Moreouer about the same time the Kyng sent Geffrey Bishoppe of Chester Ambassadors sent into Scotlande and Richarde Malebisse with Henry de Poysy vnto William King of Scotlande requiring him that the tyme appoynted for him to make aunswere touchyng his demaund of Northumberland might be proroged vntill the feast of Saint Michael the Archangell next ensuing whiche was obteyned and then the King and Quene being come to Portsmouth on the Monday in Whitson weeke tooke the Sea to passe ouer into Normandy The King passeth ouer into Normandy but not both in one Ship so that the Queene with a prosperous gale of winde arriued there at hir owne desire but the Kyng was driuen by reason of a pirry to take laÌ„d in y e Isle of Wight and so was slayed ther for a time howbeit within a few days after he tooke ship again at Portsmouth so passed ouer into Normandy wher shortly after hys arriuall in those parties he came to an enteruewe with y e K. of FraÌ„ce He commeth to talke with the Kyng of Fraunce nere to Lisle Donely where comming a loÌ„g time togither alone they agreede so wel y t within three days after K. Iohn at the FreÌ„ch kings request went into France and was receiued of him with much honor first at S. Dinise with ProcessioÌ„ of y e Cleargie and there lodging one night King Iohn entreth into Paris vpon y e morrow the FreÌ„ch K. accompanied him vnto Paris where he was receyued of y e CitizeÌ„s with great reuereÌ„ce the Prouost presenting vnto him in y e name of y e whole Citie many riche giftes to his welcome K. Phillip feasted him also in his owne Palace and for his part gaue vnto him to his Lords and seruantes many great princely giftes Moreouer the league at this time was renued betwixt them The league renued Mat. Pâ—… Rog. Houed put in writing with this caution that whether of them first brake the couenaunts such Lords on his parte as were become sureties for performaÌ„ce shuld be released of their allegiance which they ought to him y t so shuld breake that they might therevpoÌ„ frely become subiects to y e other prince These things done at length after that K. Iohn had remayned at Paris with greate mirth and solace certayne days y e French K. brought him forth of the Citie toke leane of him in very louing wise After this K. Iohn went to Chinon froÌ„ thence into Normandy About whiche time there chanced some troubles in Ireland for where Walter Lacy vnder pretence of a communication that was appoynted betwixt him and Iohn de Curcy Lorde of Vlnester Walter Lacy 〈…〉 meante to haue taken the sayd Curcy and for the accomplishment of his purpose set vppon him slew many of his menne and for hys safegard constreyned Curcy in the end to take a Castell which belonged vnto Hugh Lacy vppon fayre promises made to him by the same Hugh to be preserued out of all danger it came to passe that when he was once gote in he might no more be suffred to depart For y e Lacies thought to haue deliuered him to K. Iohn but the seruaunts and friends of the sayd Curcy made such cruell warre in wasting and destroying the lands possessioÌ„s that belonged vnto the said Walter Hugh Lacyes that finally they were constreined to set him againe at libertie whether they woulde or no. At the same time also Polidor Ayde againâ—… the Turâ—… and Infideâ—… the kings of Fraunce England gaue large money towards the maintenaÌ„ce of y e army which at this present went forth vnder the leading of the Earle of Flanders and other to war against the enimies of y e Christian faith Mat. Pâ—… at y e instance of Pope Innocent There was furthermore graunted vnto theÌ„ the fortith part of all the reuenewes belonging to
suffer death openly confessed how he had accused those persons only in hope to defer his owne execution being conuicted as accessary to the treason of the Clearke that suffered at Couentrie the last yere He had accused not only y e said Briton but diuers of the nobilitie also to be priuie and giltie of the same conspiracie The Earle of Albemarle Shortly after also Iohn Erle of Albemarle William Fortis Peter de Mallow a Poictouin men for their valiancie greately renoumed wente thither leading with them a great number of Christian souldiors In this yere also and vpon the day of S. Remigius was the church of S. Paule in the Citie of London dedicated by Roger Bishop of that Citie The dedicatioÌ„ of the Churche of Saint Paule in London the king and a great number of Bishops and other noble men beyng present which were feasted the same day by the sayd Bishop Roger and the canons Moreouer there dyed this same yeare the Countesse Isabell wyfe to Richarde Erle of Cornewall The death of Isabell the Countesse of Cornvvall The lord Iohn Fitz Roberte A Comete and two Earles William Earle Warreyn and Iohn Earle of Lyncolne also the lord Iohn Fitz Robert one of the chief Barons in all the north parties of the Realme Also in Februarye there appeared a Comete or blasyng starre righte dreadfull to beholde for the space of .xxx. dayes togyther Moreouer on the coast of England there was a great battayle amongst the fishes of the sea A batrayle betvvixt Fishes Math. Paris so that there were rj Whales or Thirlepooles cast on lande beside other huge and monstrous fishes which appeared to be dead of some hurtes and one of those myghtie fishes commyng into the Thames alyue was pursued by the Fyshers and coulde vneth passe through the arches of London bridge At length with dartes and other such weapons they slewe hym before the Kyngs Manour at Mortlake The kynges Manour at Mortlake whether they folowed hym There was also a greate sounde hearde this yeare in sundrye partes of Englande at one selfe tyme as if it hadde bene the noyse of some myghtie mountayne that had fallen into the Sea And vpon the seuenth of May there chanced a greate boysterous wynde that sore troubled the skye A great vvynd This yeare also the King caused the Citizens of London and the Gardians of the fiue ports Aâ—… ceâ—… and many other to receiue an othe to be true and faithfull to his sonne Prince Edwarde The Fryers Preachers and Minors and other men of the churche that were diuines assoyled suche as had taken vpon them the Crosse receyuing of them so muche money as would suffise to haue borne their charges in that iourneye and this not without selaunder redoundyng to the church and the same meane to get moneye was practised also by the Legate Otho hauing authoritie therto of the Pope The same yeare also the Seneshall of Aquitayne came ouer to the king The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 and gaue hym to vnderstande that if tymely prouision were not had all those countreyis on the fursyde the sea would be loste No other incident chaunced the same yeare neither in warre abroade nor in the state of gouernement of the common wealth of home wherof any great accompt is to be made but that the Legate Otho got great summes of money by dyuers wayes namely of Religious men to the Popes behoofe whervpon certayn abbots made complaynts to the king but in place of comfort they receiued discomfort and knowledge therof giuen to the Legate hee was more extreme with them than hee was before Also shortly after one of the Popes familiars and kinsman named maister Peter Rosso came from Rome Peâ—… takyng Englande in his waye to goe into Scotlande and vsed in both suche diligence in the Popes cause that he got a .xv. granted here whyche he speedily gathered And about the same tyme one Peter de Supino was sent into Irelande Peter 〈◊〉 no 〈…〉 theâ—… of prâ—… and there lykewise he got a vintiesme bringing from these the sum of .xv C. markes and aboue But the collection which Peter Rosso got out of the Scottish confines doubled that summe as was thought In his returne also from thence visiting the houses of religion and searching the consciences of religious persons by newe shiftes he craftyly got yet more money to the Popes vse causyng them to sweare to keepe this mysterie secrete as it were some priuitie of Confessyon for the space of one halfe yeare whereby hee dydde tourne the heartes of manye menne from the loue of the Churche of Rome woundyng them wyth greate griefe and remorse of conscience to see this pillery An. 〈…〉 12â—… In the fiue twentyth yeare of his raigne Kyng Henry kept his Christmasse at Westminster at which tyme the legate was sent for to retourne vnto Rome and after he had ben honorably feasted of the King on the fourth daye of Christmasse he departed from London towardes the sea side after he had remained here aboue three yeares Peter of Sauoye that was vncle to the Queene came into Englande and was honorably receiued and entertained of King Henry who had giuen to him the Earledome of Richmond Wyâ—… 〈…〉 dayes after The Earle of Cornvvall an intercessour for a peace to be had betvvixte the pope and the Emperour hee went to the Couâ—…tâ—… 〈◊〉 to trye if he myght or â—…e so 〈◊〉 agreement oâ—… 〈…〉 the Emperor and the Pope but findyng the Pope to 〈◊〉 and nothyng conformâ—…â—…ept he myght haue had all his owne will whyche was that the Emperour shoulde haue submytted hymselfe to the Popes pleaâ—… and to stande to whatsoeuer order the Churche shoulde appoynt he reâ—…ourâ—…ed â—…ke to the Emperour without concludyng any thing with the Pope and declaring vnto hym as he had found â–ª After this hee remayned a two monethes wyth the Emperor then taking his leaue he was honoured wyth greate giftes at his departure and so retournyng towardes Englande He returneth into Englande at length arriued at the towne of Doâ—… on the morrowe after the feaste of the Epiphanie in the yeare following Aboute the same time that the erle of Cornewall was in his returne forthe of the holy lande there was â—…nly râ—…ised newe warre in Wales whyche happened well for Kyng Henry There were dyuers of the Welchemen that coulde not well like wyth the gouerment of Dauid and therefore sore lamenting the captiuitie of his brother Griffin whome before as ye haue heard he had by a traine taken and kept still as prisoner began to make warre vnto the saide Dauid and to those that toke his parte the whiche on the other side sought to oppresse theyr aduersaries VVarres betvveene the VVelchmen so that there ensued muche bloudshed and slaughter beetwene the parties The wyfe also of the sayde Griffin and suche other noble men as were become enemyes vnto Dauid sente and writte vnto Kyng Henrye
there seemed a confusion of so many orders as the same Math. Paris recordeth bycause they were apparelled in Sackcloth they were called sacked Friers About the middest of Lent there was a greate Parliament holden to the whiche A Parliament the masters of the Vniuersitie of Oxford were summoned that peace might be concluded betwixt them and the Byshoppe of Lincolne whiche had them â—…n sute about theyr liberties There came to the same Parliamente the Earle of Gloucester and Sir Iohn Mancell lately returned out of Almaigne where they had bin on Ambassade from Richard the elect Kyng of Almaigne Thither came also the same elect King of Almaigne and almost all the Nobilitie of the Realme so that â—…neth myghte the Citie of London receyue the number that repaired to that ParliameÌ„t Mat. Paris The Kyng of Almaigne meant to take his leaue at that time of the Lordes and peeres of the Realme purposing shorthy after to take his iourney towardes Almaigne and to ordeyne the Byshoppe of London gouernour of all his lands and possessions within Englande In this Parliament The Lord Edmunde the kings sonne the Lord Edmond the Kyngs yonger sonne was shewed as King of Naples and Sicile for the obteyning of the possession of whiche Kingdomes his father King Henry demaunded no small subsedie and ayde of money A subsedie demaunded both of the temporaltie and also of the spiritualtie but namely he required to haue the tenthes of spirituall mens liuings for the tearme of fyue yeares according to the new taxations without any deductions to be allowed excepte necessary expenses Also the frutes for one yeare of benefices that chaunced to fall voyde within the sayde tearme of fiue yere Moreouer sundry other dueties he required to haue of the spirituall men sore to their greeuaunce and specially bycause they knew that such tirannie first tooke beginning froÌ„ the Pope In the ende though loth they were to consent yet conditionally that the Kyng would confirme the liberties conteyned in the greate Charter and obserue the same throughly nowe after it had bin so many times brought out and redeemed The offer of the spiritualty they offered to giue hym towardes his instant necessity two fifty M. marks so the irrecouerable danger of empouerishing the Church And yet as it is sayd the Kyng refused the gift as that which he thought not sufficient Truely it shoulde seeme that there was a greate vntowardly disposition in the subiectes of that time for the helping of their K. with necessary ayde of money towards such great charges as he hadde bin diuers wayes occasioned to be at sith his first comming to y e Crowne but by cause it was perceyued that he bestowed no small quantitie of his treasure to the aduauncing of his kinsfolke and aliances namely straungers and agayne defreid great summes in vayne hope to obteyne y e kingdomes of both the Sicils whiche the Pope offred to him freely ynough in words as before yee haue hearde the English subiectes conceyued a greate misliking of the whole gouernement and namely for that hee seemed to be led and ruled by the aduice and counsell of those strangers who being not throughly acquainted with the nature of the Englishe people nor fully instructed in the lawes and customes of the Realme caused him to doe many things that procured both to him and theÌ„ muche euil will as well of the high estates as of commons whiche as occasion serued they were ready ynough to discouer and therfore they were very inquisitiue both to learne what he receiued also in what sorte he bestowed y t which he dyd receiue It was therefore knowen y t sith he firste began to wast his treasure his charges amouÌ„ted vnto y e summe of 950000. markes as the bookes of accoÌ„ptes remaining in y e hands of y e Clearkes of his closet plainly witnessed and yet of al those vaine expenses no great aduantage was groweÌ„ therby to the K. or realme but rather disâ—… tâ—…ge as y e most part of meÌ„ theÌ„ tooke it vnto maruell for there was such hath buâ—…ng amoÌ„gst the nobilitie one enuying an others aduancemeÌ„t so repining at each others doings Yâ—… was not possible to bring any good drift forward amoÌ„gst meÌ„ so far at oddes togither But to let this passe as a thing manifest ynough to them y t shall wel coÌ„sider y e course of y e time we will returne agayne to y e ParliameÌ„t before y e end wherof the Archbishop of Colen with a Duke The â—…shop of 〈◊〉 and oâ—… bastâ—… Almâ—… and an other B. came ouer out of Almaigne vnto their elect K. Richard to whom they did fealty and homage as to their soueraigne liege Lord gouernour which thing once done he gaue to y e said Archb. fiue C. marks to beare his charges with a riche miter sette with stones and furnished with plates of beateÌ„ golde which miter wheÌ„ y e Archb. had set it on his head he hath saith he giuen a riche gift to are 〈◊〉 to my Church and verely eueÌ„ as I haue put this â—…iter on my head so wil I set on his head the 〈◊〉 owne of y e kingdome of Almaigne he hath mitres me I shal crowne him The other lords of Almaine which at y e the same time did homage vnto Erle Richard were also presented with great and rich giftes Heere is further to be noted She â—…shope pâ—… at Londâ—… time of 〈◊〉 Parliameâ—… y t there where present at this ParliameÌ„t sixe Archbishops CaÌ„terbury Yorke Publin Messina Tarento and Colen The Archb. of Messne was come to the K. to set him on dotage for the businesse about y e coÌ„quest of Naples Sicile At the feast of Esset next following the Archb. of Colen returned into his Countrey the third day after Easter the elect K. of Almaine tooke his leaue The deâ—… of Alâ—… taketh 〈◊〉 leaue of 〈◊〉 his beâ—… departed toward Yermouth where he purposed to take y e sea to sayle ouer into Almaine but by reason of contrary windes hee was driuen to remaine there a long time to his greate griefe and inestimable charges before hee coulde passe ouer yet finally about the latter ende of Aprill He laâ—… Dorâ—… he got forth to the Sea and landed at Dordreigh the first of May next ensuing â—…t Paris Moreouer in this yeare King Henry caused the walles of the Citie of London whiche were sore decayed and destitute of turrets to be repayred in more seemely wise than before they hadde bin at the common charges of the Citie â—…ree made â—…e Pope There was an ordinance made at Rome by the Pope and his Cardinals whiche righte diligently foresawe to aduaunce their temporall coÌ„modities not muche passing for other mens aduauntages that euery one which should be chosen an exempt Abbot shoulde come to the Court of Rome to bee there confirmed and receyue the Popes blessing by whiche haynous ordinaunce Religion was layde open
and maynteyned a true quarrell til his liues ende Also his enimies continued not long after but came to euill ende Others conceyued an other opinion of hym alledging that hee fauoured not his wife but lyued in spouse breache Sâ—… Sâ—â—tlike partes defiling a greate number of damosels Gentlewomen If any offended him he slew him shortly after in his wrathfull moode Apostataes and other euill doers he mainteyned and would not suffer them to be punished by due order of lawe All his doings hee vsed to coÌ„mitte vnto one of his Secretaries and tooke no heede himselfe thereof and as for the manner of his death he fledde shamefully in the fight and was taken and put to death against his will bycause he could not auoide it yet by reason of certayne miracles whiche were said to be done neere to the place both where he suffered and where hee was buried caused many to thinke he was a Sainct howbeit at length by the Kings commaundement the Church dores of the Priory where hee was buried were shut and closed so that no man might be suffered to come to the tombe to bryng any offerings or to do any other kinde of deuotion to the same Also the hill where hee suffered Caxtâ—â— was kept by certaine Gascoignes appoynted by the L. Hugh Spencer the sonne as then lying at Pounfret to the ende that no people shoulde come and make their prayers there in worship of the said Earle whome they tooke verily for a Martir When the King had subdued the Barons shortly after A Parliament at Yorke aboute the feast of the Ascention of our Lord he held a ParliameÌ„t at Yorke in whiche Parliament the record and whole processe of the decree or iudgement concerning the disinheriting of the Spencers ordeined by the Lordes in Parliament assembled at London The râ—… touchâ—… â–ª aâ—… banishiâ—… 〈◊〉 the Spenceâ—… reuersed the last sommer was now throughly examined and for their errors therein found the same recorde and processe was cleerely adnihillated and reuersed and the sayd Spencers were restored to al their lands and offices â—…eation of â—…rles as before And in the same ParliameÌ„t the Lorde Hugh Spencer the father was made Earle of Winchester and the Lorde Andrew de Herkley Earle of Careleill Moreouer in the same Parliamente all suche were disinherited as had taken part with y e Erles of Lancaster Hereford â—…he Lorde â—…deley â—…doned except the Lorde Hugh Audeley the yonger and a few other the whyche Lord Hugh was pardoned bycause he had married the Kings neece that was sister to Gilberte de Clare Earle of Gloucester which was slayne in Scotlande at the battell of Bannockesborne as before is mentioned Robert Baldocke is maâ—…e 〈◊〉 Chancellor Polidor Also master Robert Baldocke a man euil beloued in the Realme is made Lord Chancellour of England This Robert Baldocke and one Simon Reding were great fauourers of y e SpeÌ„cers and so likewise was the Earle of Arundell and thereby it may be thought that the Spencers did help to aduance them into the Kings fauour so that they bare no small rule in the Realme during the time that the same Spencers continued in prosperitie which for y e tearme of fiue yeres after that the foresaide Barons as before is expressed were brought to confusion did wonderfully encrease The Queene â—…iueth good â—…ouncell and the Queene for that she gaue good and faithfull counsaile was nothing regarded but by the Spencers meanes cleerely worne out of the Kings fauour The kings â—…dest sonne â—…eated prince 〈◊〉 Wales Moreouer we finde that in this Parliament holden at Yorke the Kings eldest sonne Edward was made Prince of Wales and Duke of Aquitaine Also the King caused the ordinances made by the Earles and Barons to be examined by men of great knowledge and skill and suche as were thought necessary to be established he commaunded that the same shoulde be called statutes Statutes and not ordinances Beside a great subsedie graunted to the King by the Temporaltie A subsedie the Cleargie of the prouince of Caunterburie graunted fiue peÌ„ce of euery marke and they of y e prouince of Yorke four pence Aymer Earle of Pembroke beeing returned home from this Parliamente holden at Yorke Addition to Triuet The Earle of Pembroke arrested was arrested by certaine Knightes sent with authoritie thereto from the King who brought him backe to Yorke where at length through sute of certayne noble men hee was vpon his oth taken to be a faithfull subiect and in consideration of a fine whiche hee payed to the King set at libertie The occasion of his emprisonmente came for that he was accused and detected to bee a secrete fauourer of the Barons cause against the Spencers in time of the late troubles Moreouer shortly after Fabian the King gathered the sixth peny of the temporall mens goodes thorough Englande Irelande and Wales whyche had bin graunted to him at the foresaide Parliament holden at Yorke towards the defending of the Realme against the Scottes This taxe was not gathered withoute greate murmure and grudge the Realme beeing in such euill and miserable state as it then was This yeare also the sunne appeared to mans sighte in coulour like to bloud and so continued sixe houres that is to witte from seuen of the clocke in y e morning of y e last day of October vnto one of y e clocke in the after none of y e same day Kyng Edwarde being thus besette with two mischiefes both at one time thought good first to prouide remedie againste the neerer daunger whiche by the Scottes was still at hande and therefore he meant to goe against them hymselfe and to send his brother Edmond Earle of Kent into Guyenne to defende that countrey from the Frenchmen An. reg 16. Heerevppon nowe in the sixteenth yeare of hys raigne after that y e Scottes were returned home with a great bootie and rich spoyle The King goeth into Scotlande with an army Rich. South Merimouth he gote togyther a wonderfull greate army of men and entring into Scotland passed far within the CouÌ„trey not finding any resistance at all as the most parte of oure writers doe agree but at length through famine and diseases of the flixe and other maladies that fell amongst the Englishmen in the army hee was constreyned to come backe and in his way besieged the Castell of Norham whiche fortresse hee wanne within tenne dayes after he had begun to assault it Robert Bruce immediately after the English army was retired home reysed a power and entring into England by Sulway sands lay at a place called Beaumond not past three myles from Careleill by the space of fiue dayes sending in the meane time the most parte of his army abroade to spoyle and harrie the countrey on euery side and afterwardes remouing from thence hee passeth towardes Blackamore hauing knowledge by diligente espials that King Edwarde was in those parties giuing hymselfe
him and as it were couenaunting with him by an interchangeable othe that if euer he might vnderstand that he did violate and breake that oth he should die for it a most shamefull death This yeare the Danes that lay rouing on the Seas did much hurt to the English Merchants taking and robbing many English Shippes when the hauen townes alongst the Coastes of Northfolke made forth a number of Shippes The Danes robbe the English marchâ—… on the seas ventured to fighte with those Pirats they were vanquished by the Danes so that manye were slayne and manye taken prisoners whiche were constreined to pay great ransomes The enimies also found in ransacking the Englishe Shippes Great prises wonne by thâ—… Daâ—…lâ—…hâ—…peâ—… 〈◊〉 of the english men twentie M. poundes which the Englishe Merchants had aboorde with theÌ„ to buy wares with in place whither they were bound to goe The same yere Wil. Courtney Archb. of Canterbury hauing more regard to his own priuate coÌ„modity thaÌ„ to the discoÌ„modity of others purchased a Bull of the Pope whereby hee was authorised to leauie through his whole prouince four pence of the pound of all Ecclesiastical promotions as well in places exempt as not exeÌ„pt no true nor lawfull cause being shewed or pretended why he ought so to doe and to see y e execution of this Bull put in practise the Archbyshop of York the Bishop of London were named appoynted many that feared y t censures of suche high executioners chose rather to paye the money forthwith than to goe to the lawe and be compelled happely maugre their good willes Some there were that appealed to the Sea of Rome meaning to defende their cause and to procure that so vnlawfull an exaction myghte be reuoked Specially the prebendaries of Lincolne stoode most stiffely againste those Byshops but the death of the Archbyshop that chanced shortly after made an ende of those so passing great troubles This yeare Iohn Waltham Byshoppe of Salisburie Waltham bishop of Salisbury buried at Westminster amongst the kings and Lorde Treasorer of Englande departed this life and by King Richarde hys appoyntmente hadde the honor to haue his bodye enterred at Westminster among the Kings After his deceasse Roger Walden that before was Secretarie to the Kyng and Treasorer of Calais was now made Lord Treasorer An. reg 19. Ye haue hearde that in the yeare .1392 Robert Veer Duke of Ireland departed this life in Loname in Brabant King Richarde therefore thys yeare in Nouember caused his corps being embaulmed to be conueyed into Englande and so to the Priorie of Colney in Essex The Duke of Irelandes corps â—…eyed froÌ„ Iâ—…yn into Englande and 〈◊〉 royally â—…red appoynting him to bee layde in a Coffine of Cypres and to be adorned with princely garmentes hauyng a chayne of golde about his necke and riche ryngs on his fingers And to shew what loue and assertion hee bare vnto him in his life time the Kyng caused the Coffine to bee opened that hee mighte beholde his face bared and touche him with hys hands he honored his funerall exequies with hys presence accompanyed with the Countesse of Oxforde mother to the sayde Duke the Archbyshop of Canterburie and many other Byshops Abbots and Priors but of noble men there were very few for they had not yet disgested the enuie and hatred whiche they hadde conceyued against hym Froisart In this meane whyle the Duke of Lancaster was in Gascoigne treating with the Lordes of the Countrey and the inhabitantes of the good Townes whiche vtterly refused to receyue hym otherwise than as a Lieutenaunte or substitute to the Kyng of England and in the ende addressed messengers into Englande to signifie to the Kyng that they hadde bin accustomed to be gouerned by Kings The Gascoyns â—…de vnto K. Rich signify 〈◊〉 vnto hym 〈◊〉 ought 〈◊〉 to be deâ—…ed from 〈◊〉 â—…wne and meant not now to become subiectes to any other contrary to all reason sith the King could not sauing his othe alyene them from the Crowne The Duke of Lancaster vsed all wayes hee mighte deuise howe to winne theyr good willes and hadde sente also certayne of his trustie counsellors ouer hither into Englande as Sir William Perreer Sir Peter Clifton two clearkes learned in the lawe the one called master Iohn Hucch and the other master Iohn Richardes a Chanon of Leycester to pleade and solicite hys cause but to bee briefe suche reasons were shewed and suche matter vnfolded by the Gascoignes why they ought not bee separated from the Crowne of England that finally notwithstanding the Duke of Gloucester and certayne other were againste them it was decreed that the Countrey and Duchie of Aquitayne shoulde remayne still in demayne of the Crowne of Englande The graunt of the duchie of Aquitayne to the duke of Lancaster reuoked least that by thys transportyng thereof it myghte fortune in tyme that the heritage thereof shoulde fall into the handes of some straunger and enimie to the Englishe nation so that then the homage and soueraignetie mighte perhappes be lost for euer Indeede the Duke of Gloucester beeyng a Prince of an hygh minde and loth to haue the Duke of Lancaster at home being so hyghly in the Kyngs fauoure coulde haue beene well pleased that hee shoulde haue enioyed hys gifte for that hee thoughte thereby to haue borne all the rule about the Kyng for the Duke of Yorke was a man rather coueting to lyue in pleasure than to deale with muche businesse and the weightie affayres of the Realme Aboute the same tyme or somewhat before the Kyng sente an Ambassade to the Frenche Kyng the Archebyshoppe of Dublin the Earle of Rutlande the Earle Marshall Ambassadours sente into France to treat a mariage betvvene K. Richarde and the French kings daughter the Lorde Beaumonde the Lorde Spencer the Lorde Clifforde named Lewes and twentie knightes with fortie Esquiers The cause of theyr going ouer was to intreate of a marriage to be had betwixt hym and the Lady Isabell daughter to the French king shee beeyng as then not past an eighte yeares of age whiche before hadde beene promised vnto the Duke of Britaignes sonne but in consideration of the greate benefite that was lykely to ensue by thys communication and alliance with Englande there was a meane founde to vndoe that knotte though not presently These Englishe Lordes at their comming to Paris were ioyfully receyued and so courteously entertayned banqueted feasted and cherished and that in most honorable sorte as nothyng coulde bee more all their charges and expenses were borne by the Frenche Kyng and when they shoulde departe they receyued for aunswere of theyr message very comfortable wordes and so with hope to haue their matter spedde they returned But nowe when the Duke of Lancaster had by laying foorthe an inestimable masse of treasure purchased in a manner the good willes of them of Aquitayne Tho. VVals and compassed hys whole desire hee was suddaynely
them as assistaunts Moreouer there was a tenth graunted by the clergie to be paide to the kings vse at two seuerall termes in that present yeare The Iustices reuoked out of â—…le This yere the king contrarie to his othe reuoked the Iustices foorth of Irelande whome by constraynt as before ye haue hearde he was inforced to banish therby to satisfie the noble men that woulde haue it so In this .xx. yeare of his reigne king 〈◊〉 receyuing the summes of money for 〈◊〉 the strong towne of Brest was engaged to 〈◊〉 by euill counsayle as many thought 〈◊〉 yâ—… vp to the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈…〉 vnto the Duke of Britayne by reason wherof no small sparke of displeasure arose betwixt the king and the duke of Gloucester whiche 〈◊〉 vp suche a â—…ame as it was easy to 〈◊〉 fyâ—… matter inough to frede vpon in both their brâ—…s that finally it coulde no longer be kepte dâ—… nor by any meanes quenched In the moneth of Februarye the King holding a sumptuous feast at Westminster many of the Souldiors that were newely come 〈◊〉 Brest preassed into the hall Pâ—… 〈◊〉 betvvene the K. and the duke of Gloucester â–ª and kept a 〈◊〉 together whome as the duke of Gloucester beheld and vnderstoode what they were to â—…ber howe that towne was giuen vp contrary to his mynde and pleasure it grieued him not a little and therefore as the Kyng was entred into hys chaumber and fewe aboute him he could not forbeare but brake foorth The taâ—…e betvvixt the king and the Duke of Gloucester and sayde to the king Syr saw you not those felowes that 〈◊〉 in suche number this daye in the Hall at suche a Table The King aunswered that hee â—…ewe them and asked the Duke what they were â–ª To whome the Duke made thys aunswere Syr these bee the Souldiors come from Brest and as nowe haue nothyng to take tâ—… nor yet knowe howe to shifte for their lyuyngs and â—…he woorse for that as I am enfourmed they hâ—… bin euill payde Then sayde the Kyng that is agaynste my wyll for I woulde that they shoulde haue their due wages And if any haue cause to complayne lette them shewe the matter to the Treasourer and they shall bee reasonably answered and here with he commaunded that they shoulde be appoynted to foure certaine villages aboute London Out of a french pamphlet there to remayne and to haue meate drink and lodging vpon his charges tyll they were payde Thus as they fell into reasoning of this matter the duke sayde to the kyng Syâ—… your grace ought to put your body in payne to win a strong holde or towne by feate of warre 〈◊〉 you tooke vppon you to selle or delyuer anye Towne or strong holde gotten with greate aduenture by the manhoode and policie of your nobâ—…e progenitours To this the kyng with changed countenance aunswered and sayde Vncle howe saye you that and the Duke boldely without â—…fed the same agayne not chaungyng one worde in any better sorte Whervppon the Kyng being more chafed replyed thus Thynke you that I am a Merchaunce or a verye â—…e to fell my lande by Saincte Iohn Baptist 〈◊〉 â–ª But trouth it is that oure cousin the Duke of Britayne hath satisfyed vs of all suche summes of money as our progenitours lente vnto hym and in his auncetourâ—… vpon guage of the sayd towne of Brest for the whiche reason and conscience will no lesse but that the towne shoulde therevpon be to him restored Vppon this multiplying of wordes in suche presumptuous maner by the Duke against the Kyng there kindeled suche displeasure betwixt them that it neuer ceassed to increase in flames till the duke was brought to his ende The Erle of S. Pâ—…le his couÌ„â—… to king Richarde The Earle of Saint Paule at his laste comming into England to receyue king Richardes othe for obseruing the truce had conference with the king of diuers matters The king by way of complaynt shewed vnto him how stiffe the duke of Gloucester was in hindering all such matters as he would haue forwarde not onely seking to haue the peace broken betwixt the realms of England and France but also procuring trouble at home by stirring the people to rebellion The Earle of Sainte Paule hearing of this stoute demeanour of the Duke tolde the King that it should be best to prouide in tyme against suche mischiefes as might ensue therof and that it was not to be suffred that a subiecte should behaue himselfe in suche sorte towarde his prince The kyng marking his wordes thought that he gaue him good and faithfull counsel Polidor and thervpon determined to suppresse both the duke and other of his complices and tooke more diligente regarde to the sayings and doings of the Duke thaÌ„ before he had done and as it coÌ„meth to passe that those whiche suspect any euil doe euer deme the worst so he tooke euery thing in euill part in so muche that he complayned of the Duke â–ª vnto his brethren the dukes of Lancaster and Yorke in that he should stand agaynst him in al things and seeke his destruction the death of his counsellours and destruction of his realme The Dukes of Lancaster and Yorke excuse the Duke of Gloucester to the Kyng The two Dukes of Lancaster and Yorke to deliuer the kings mynde of suspition made answere that they were not ignorant howe theyr brother of Gloucester as a man somtymes rash in woordes woulde speak oftentimes more than he coulde or would bring to effecte and the same proceeded of a faithfull hearte which he bare towardes the king for that it greeued him to vnderstande that the confines of the Englishe dominions shoulde in anye wyse bee diminished therfore his grace ought not to regard his wordes sith he should take no hurt thereby These persuasions quieted the king for a time til he was enformed of the practise which y e duke of Gloucester had contriued as the fame wente amongst diuers persons to imprison the Kyng for then the duke of Lancaster and Yorke fyrste reprouing the duke of Gloucester for his too liberal talking and perceyuing that he set nothyng by their words werein doubt least if they should remayne in the count still he would vpon a presumptuous mynde in truste to bee borne out by theÌ„ attempt some outragious enterprise Wherefore they thought best to depart for a tyme into theyr countrays that by their absence hee might the sooner learne to stay himself for doubt of further displeasure But it come to passe that their departure from the Court was the casting away of the duke of Gloucester For after that they were gone there ceassed not suche as bare hym euill will to procure the King to dispatche him out of the waye The Duke in deede sore stomacked the matter that his counsell might not be followed in al things and specially for that be sawe as he toke it that the King was â—…de by some persons that were about him
power dislodged from Poyssi and came to Maunte and soone after to Roan An. reg 20. When the Regent and the lord Talbot were returned agayne into Normandie the Frenche K. considering howe muche it shoulde redounde to his dishonor to let rest the town of Ponthoyse in his enimies hāds Po◅thoyse gotten by the Frenche sith he had bin at such charges and trauaile aboute the winnyng therof hee eftsoones assembled all his puissance and retourning sodeinly again vnto Ponthoyse he firste by assault gat the church and after the whole town toke the captain and diuers other Englishmen and slewe to the number of .iiij. C. whiche solde their lyues dearely for one French writer affirmeth that the French king lost there .iij. M. men and the whole garnison of the Englishmen was but only a thousand Enguerant Sir Nicholas Burdet flayne Among other that were slayne here of the defendants was sir Nicholas Burdet knight chief Butler of Normandie After this hotte tempeste the weather began somewhat to waxe more calme for king Henry and kyng Charles agreed to sende Ambassadours to commen of some good conclusion of peace So that King Henry sente the Cardinall of Wynchester wyth dyuers other noble personages of his counsel to Caleys with whom was also sent Charles duke of Orleans yet prisoner in England to the intent that he might be both author of the peace and also procurer of his owne deliueraunce The French king sent the Archbishop of Reimes and the Erle of Dunoys and the Duke of Burgongne sent the Lord de Creuecueur dyuers other All these mette at Caleys where the Duke of Orleans curteously receiue the Earle of Dunoys his bastarde brother thanking him greatly for his paynes taking in gouerning hys landes and countrey during the time of his captiuitie and absence Diuers cōmunications wer had as well for the deliueraunce of the Duke as for a fynall peace but nothyng was concluded sauyng that an other meetyng was appoynted so that in the meane season the demaundes of eyther partie mighte be declared to their Soueraigne Lordes and Maisters And herevpon the Commissioners brake vp their assemble and returned into their countreys The Englishmen as the Frenche writers recorde required not only to possesse peaceably the two Duchies of Aquitayne and Normandie discharged of al resort superioritie and soueraintie againste the Realme of Fraunce the Kings and gouernors of the same but also to be restored to al the towns cities and places which they within .30 yeres nexte before gone and past had conquered in the realme of Frauce Whiche request the Frenchmen thought very vnresonable and so both parts minding rather to gain or saue than to lose departed for y t time as ye haue heed After this meting thus proroged Philip D. of Burgogne partly moued in conscience to make amends to Charles duke of Orleans as yet prisoner in Englād for the death of duke Lewes his father whom duke Iohn father to this D. Philip cruelly murthered in the Citie of Paris and partly intending the aduancement of his neece y e Lady Marie daughter to Adolfe duke of Cleue by the which aliāce he trusted that al old rā◅ shuld ceasse contriued ways to haue the sayd D. of Orleans set at libertie vpon promise by hym made to take y e said lady Mary vnto wife This Duke had bin prisoner in Englande euer sith the bataile foughten at Agincourt vpon the daye of Crispyne and Crispynian in the yere 1415. and was set now at libertie in the moneth of Nouember in the yeare .1440 paying for his raunsome .iiij. C. thousand crowns though other say but .iij. hundred thousande The cause that he was deteined so long in captiuitie was to pleasure thereby the Duke of Bourgongne For so long as the Duke of Burgongne continued faithfull to the King of Englande it was not thought necessarie to suffer the duke of Orleans to be caunsomed least vpon his deliuerance hee would not ceasse to seeke meanes to be reuenged vpon the duke of Burgongne for the old grudge and displeasure betwixt their two families and therfore suche ransome was demaunded for him as he was neuer able to paye but after that the duke of Burgongne had broken his promise and was turned to the French part the counsell of the king of England deuised how to deliuer the duke of Orleans that thereby they might displeasure the duke of Burgoygne Whych thing the duke of Burgogne perceyuing doubted what mighte followe if he were deliuered without his knowledge and therfore to hys greate coste practised his deliuerance payde his raunsome and ioyned w t him amitie aliance by mariage of his niece The Duke of Orleans deliuered This Duke being nowe deliuered and speaking better English than Frenche after his arriuall in France repaired to the Duke of Burgogne and according to hys promise and conuention maryed the Ladie Mary of Cleue in the towne of Saint Omers on whome he begat a sonne whiche after was Frenche Kyng and called Lewes the twelfth Yet here is to be noted that olde rancour sodainly appeased cōmonly springeth out againe for although the vnhappie deuision betwixte the two families of Orleans Burgogne were by benefyte of this mariage for a tyme stayed and put in forgetfulnesse for the space of twenty yeres and more yet at length it brake out betwene their children and Cousins to the great vnquietyng of the more parte of the Christian world specially in the tymes of Kyng Frauncis the fyrste and hys sonne Henry the seconde very heyres of the house of Orleans For Iohn erle of Angolesme vncle to this Duke Charles begatte Charles father to the sayde King Francis whyche Earle Iohn had bene as pledge in England for the debt of Lewes Duke of Orleans sith the last yere of K. Henry the fourth till that nowe his nephewe beyng deliuered made shifte for money and raunsomed hym also and at length restored him to his countrey In the begynnyng of thys twentieth yeare Richarde Duke of Yorke Regent of Fraunce and gouernour of Normandie determined to inuade the territoryes of his enimyes both by sundrye Armyes and in seuerall places and there vppon without delaying of tyme he sente the Lord of Willoughby wyth a great crew of Souldiours to destroye the countrey of Amyens and Iohn Lorde Talbot was appoynted to besiege the Towne of Dieppe and the Regent hym selfe accompanyed wyth Edmunde Duke of Somerset set forward into the Duchy of Aniow The Lorde Willoughdy◅ accordyng to hys Commissyon entred into the countrey of hys enimyes in suche wyse vppon the sodayife that a great numbre of people were taken ete they coulde withdrawe into any place of safegarde or foreclet The Frenchemenne in the garnysons adioyning astonyed wyth the clamoure and crye of the poore people issued out in good order and manfully foughte wyth the Englyshmen but in the end the Frenchmen seyng theyr fellowes in the forfront slayn down kyld without mercie tourned their backes and fled the
handes and possession The Duâ—… after hee hadde hearde thâ—… that were sente made thys aunswere that hee could not with his â—…t deliuer them to whom hee hadde gyâ—… his 〈◊〉 to â—…ee them preserued from all iniurie but this hee â—…aide he woulde do for the King of Englande that they shoulde bee so looâ—… vnto as he needed â—…ot to doubt of anye attempt to bee made againâ—… hym by them or by theyr meanes The Kyng receyuyng this aunswere wrote â—…ingly to the Duke of Britaine that hee woulde consider his friendeshippe wyth conuenient rewardes if it shoulde please him to bee as good as hys promisse The Duke perceiuyng game commyng by the abode of the twoo English earles in his country caused them to be seperated in sunder and all their seruaunts being Englishmen to be sequestred froÌ„ them in their places appointed Britons to attend them In the thirteenthe yeare of his raigne King Edwarde called his highe courte of Parliament at his Pallaice of Westminster 1473 An. reg 13. in the whiche all lawes and ordinaunces made by hym before that day were confirmed A Parliament and those that King Henry had abrogated after his readeption of the Crowne were againe reuiued Also lawes were made for the confiscation of traytors goodes and for the restoring of them that were for his sake fled the realme whiche of his aduersaries hadde ben attaynted of high treason and condemned to dye â–ª Moreouer towards his charges of late susteyned a competent summe of money was demaunded and freely graunted A Subsidie There was also a pardon granted almost for all offences and all men then being within the Realme A pardon were released and discharged of all high treasons crimes although they had taken part with his aduersaries against him In this season the D. of Burgongne had sore warres with the French K. to be the more spedily reueÌ„ged on his aduersarie Ambassadours from the duke of Burgongne he sent Ambassadors into Englande to perswade kyng Edward to make war also on the French Kyng for the recouerie of his auncient right in the Realme of Fraunce by the same Frenche Kyng agaynste all equitie withholden and deteyned King Edward not so much for y e louâ—…he hare to the duke of Burgongne as for desire to be reuenged on the Frenche king whome he tooke to be his enimie for ayding the Earle of Warwike Queene Margaret and hir sonne Prince Edwarde and their compliâ—…es gaue good eare to the duke of Burgongne his messengers and finally after he had taken aduice of his counsell the said Messengeres were answered that K. Edwarde in the beginning of the next yeare would land at Caleys with a puissaunt armie both to reuenge suche iniuries as hee had receiued at the Frenche kings handes Oportunitie not to bee neglected and also to recouer his right whiche he wrongfully deteyned from him In deed the tyme serued verie well for y e EnglishmeÌ„ to atchieue som high enterprise in FraÌ„ce at that present for not onely the Duke of Burgongne as then made warre against the French K. but also many great men within the realm of France The Earle of Sainct Pol. mislyking the maners of their king began to haue secret intelligeÌ„ce with the said duke and namely Lewes of Lutzenburgh earle of S. Paule Conestable of France was secretly confederate with the duke of Burgongne intendyng verily to bring the French kyng to some greate hinderance the better to haue his purpose accomplished in certain weightie matters King Edward vnderstanding all these thinges was greatly encoraged to make a iorney into France therevpon with all diligence prepared all things ready for the same and bicause he wanted money and coulde not well charge hys coÌ„mons with a newe subsidie for that he had receyued the last yeare great sums of money granted to him by Parliament A shift to recouer money he deuised this shift to call afore him a great number of the wealthyest sort of people of his realme and to them declaring his neede and the requisite causes therof he demaunded of euerye of them some portion of money which they sticked not to giue and therfore the K willing to shew y t this their liberalitie was very acceptable to him he called this grant of money a Beneuolence notwithstanding that many with grudge gaue great summes toward that newe found ayde which of them might bee called a Maleuolence but the K. vsed suche gentle fashions toward them with frendly prayer of their assistance in his necessitie that they coulde not other wyse doe but frankely and freelye yeelde and giue hym a reasonable and competent summe 1474 An. reg .14 When all things conuenient for suche an enterprise were in a redinesse the king came to Douer where he founde .v. C. shippes and dayes readie to transpore hym and his armie The king 〈◊〉 an army 〈◊〉 ouer into Fraunce And so the fourth day of Iuly he passed ones and laâ—…deâ—… at Caleys with great triumph but his armie horses and munitions of warre scared passed ouer in 〈◊〉 dayes In thys Armye beeing one of the hoste appoynted that had passed oute of Englande into Fraunce in many yeares before were fifteene hundred men of armes well horses of the which the most parte were harded and riches â—…pped and many of them trimmed in one â—…te There were also .xv. M. Archers with bowes and arrows of the which a great number weâ—… on horsbacke there were also a great companie of other fighting men and of suche as serued to sâ—…e vp Tentes and pauilions to attende the artillerye and to enclose their campe and otherwise to laboure and to bee employed in seruice In all this armye was there not one Page The King of Englande was at his arriuall highly displeased wyth the Duke of Burgongne whiche in the worde of a Prince hadde promissed to meete hym at hys landyng wyth twoo thousande men of armes and lyghte horsemenne â—…de a great number of Launsquenetz and Halberdices and that hee woulde haue begonne the warre three monethes before the Kings transporting whereas contrarily The siege of Nusse the duke lay lingeryng at the siege of Nusse and let passe the occasion of atchieuing a more profitable enterprise Kyng Edward incontinently dispatched the Lord Scales in poste vnto the Duke The Lorde Scales to put hym in remembraunce of his promise and to aduise him to come and ioyn wyth hym before the Sommer were spente Before King Edwarde departed from Dâ—…uer A defyaunce sent to the Frenche King hee sente an officer of armes vnto the french King wyth a defyaunce The Frenche Kyng receyuyng the King of Englandes letters at the messengers hande redde the same and after he hadde considered thereof at leasure hee called the Englishe Harrault aside and to hym declared the little truste that was to bee putte in the Duke of Burgongne and the Conestable by whose procurement hee knewe that King Edwarde was procured to
finde the meanes to obtayne and atchieue such furniture as heretofore hath béene vnpossible Thrée thinges greatly amended in Englande There are olde men yet dwelling in the village where I remayne which haue noted thrée things to be marueylously altered in Englande within their sound remembraunce One is the multitude of chimnies lately erected Chimnies wheras in their yoong dayes there were not aboue twoo or thrée if so many in most vplandish townes of the realme the religious houses mannour places of their Lordes alwayes excepted peraduenture some great personages but eache one made his fire against a reredosse in the hall where he dined and dressed his meate The second is y e great amendement of lodginge Hardlodging for sayde they our fathers we our selues haue lyen full oft vpon straw pallettes couered onely with a shéete vnder couerlettes made of dagswain or hopharlots I vse their owne termes and a good round logge vnder their heades in steade of a boulster If it were so that our fathers or y e good man of the house had a matteres or flockbed and thereto a sacke of chafe to rest hys heade vpon he thought himselfe to be as well lodged as the Lorde of the towne so well were they contented Pillowes sayde they were thought méete onely for women in childebed As for seruants if they had any shéete aboue them it was well for seldome had they any vnder their bodies to kéepe them from the pricking strawes that ranne oft thorow the canuas and raced their hardened hides The thirde thinge they tell of Furniture of houshold is the exchange of tréene platters into pewter and woodeÌ„ spoones into siluer or tin For so coÌ„mon were al sorts of tréene vesselles in old time y e a man should hardly find four peces of pewter of which one was peraduenture a salte in a good Farmers house and yet for al this frugaltie if it may so be iustly called they were scarse able to lyue and paye their rentes This was in the time of generall ydlenesse at their dayes without selling of a cow or a horse or more although they payde but foure pounds at the vttermost by the yeare Such also was their pouerty that if a Fermour or husbundman had béene at the alehouse a thing greatly vsed in those dayes amongst sixe or seauen of hys neyghbours and there in a brauery to shewe what store he had did dast downe his purse and therein a noble or sixe shillings in siluer vnto them it was very likely that all the rest could not lay downe so much against it wheras in my tyme although peraduenture foure pounde of olde rent be improued to fourty or fiftye pound yet will the farmer thinke his gaines very small toward the middest of his terme if he haue not sixe or seauen yeres rent lying by him therewith to purchase a newe lease beside a faire garnishe of pewter on his cowborde thrée or foure feather beddes so many couerlettes and carpettes of Tapistry a siluer salte a bowle for wine if not an whole neast and a dussen of spoones to furnishe vp the sute Thys also he taketh to bée his owne cleare for what stocke of money soeuer he gathereth in all his yeares it is often séene that the landlorde will take such order with him for the same when he renueth his lease which is commoly eight or ten yeares before it be expyred sith it is nowe growen almost to a custome that if he come not to his his lorde so long before another shall step in for a reuersion so defeate him out right that it shall neuer trouble him more then the heare of his bearde when the barber hath washed and shauen it from his chinne Of Fayres and Markettes Cap. 11. THere are as I take it few great townes in England that haue not their weekely Markets in which al maner of prouision for houshold is to be bought and soulde for ease and benefite of the countrey rounde about wherby as it commeth to passe that no buyer shall make any great iourney in the purueighaunce of his necessities so no occupies shall haue occasion to trauayle farre of with his commodities except it be to séeke for the highest prices which commonly are néere vnto great cities where rounde and spéediest vtteraunce is alwayes to be had And as these haue béene in tymes past erected for the benefite of the realme so are they in many places to to much abused for the relief and ese of the buyer is not so much intended in them as the benefite of the seller Neyther are the Maiestrats for the most part so carefull in their offices as of ryght and dewtye they shoulde bee for in most of these markettes neyther sizes of breade nor orders for goodnesse of graine and other commodities that are brought thither to be soulde are any whit looked vnto but eache one suffered to sell or set vp what and how himselfe lysteth this is one euident cause of darth in time of great abundance I coulde if I woulde exemplifie in many but I will touch no one particularly Certes it is rare to sée in any market the assize of breade well kept according to the statute howbeit I finde in lieu thereof such headdy ale and béere in most of them as for the mightynesse thereof among such as séeke it out is commonlye called huffecappe the madde Dogge father whoresonne Aungels foode Dragons milke c. And this is more to be noted that when one of late fell by Gods prouidence into a troubled conscience after he had considered well of his rekelesse lyfe and daungerous estate another thinking belyke to change his colour and not his mind caryed hym straight to the strongest ale as to the next Phisition It is incredible 〈◊〉 say how our Maultbugges lug at this liquor euen as pigges shoulde lye in a rowe lugging at their dames teates tyll they lye still againe be not able to wagge Neyther 〈◊〉 Romulus and Remus sucke their shée Wolfe Lupa wyth such eger sharpe deuotion as these men hale at hufcappe tyll they be read as cockes and litle wyser theÌ„ their combeâ—… But howe am I fallen from the mercate into the Ale house In returning therfore vnto to my purpose I find therfore that in corne great abuse 〈◊〉 daily suffered to the great preiudice of the towne countrey especially the poore artificer householder which tilleth no lande but labouring all the wéeke to buy a bushell or two of corne on the merraâ—…e daie can there haue none for his money because bodgers loders and common carryers of Graine doe not onely buy vp all but gyue about the pryce to be serued of great quantities Shall I go any farther well I will saye yet a little more and somewhat by mine owne experience At Myghelmas tyme poore men must sell theyr graine that they may paye their rentes So long then as the poore man hath to sell ryche men wyll
brynge out none but rather buy vppe that which the poore bring vnder pretence of séede corne because one wheat often sowen without chaunge of séede will soone decay and be conuerted into darnell For this cause therefore they must néedes buy in the markettes though they be twentye myles of and where they be 〈◊〉 knowne promising there to send so much to theyr next market to performe I wote not when If thys shyft serue not neither doth the foxe vse alwayes one tracke for feare of a snare they wil compound w t some one of the towne where the market is holden who for a pot of hufcappe or mery go downe wyll not let to buy it for them that in his owne name Or else they wage one poore man or other to become a bodger thereto get him a lycence vpon some forged surmize which being done they will féede him with money to buy for them till he hath filled theyr losses and then if he can doe any good for himselfe so it is if not they wyll gyue him somewhat for his paines at this â—…yâ—…le and reserue him for another yeare How many of these prâ—…ders stumble vppon blynde créekes at the sea cost I wote not well but that some haue so done vnder other mens winges the cause is to playne But who dare finde faulte with theÌ„ when they haue once a lycence though it be but so serue a meane Gentlemans house with corne who hath cast vp at his talage because he bâ—…astreth how he can buy his graine in y e market better cheape theÌ„ he can sâ—…w his laÌ„d as the 〈◊〉 grasier often doth also vpon y e like deuise If any man come to buy a bushel or two for his expences vnto y e market crosse aunswere is made forsooth here was one euen nowe that badde me money for it and I hope he will haue it And to saye the truth these bodgers are faire 〈◊〉 for there are no more words with them but let me sée it what shall I giue you knitiâ—… it vp I will haue it go câ—…ry it to such a chamber But to 〈◊〉 by this â—…yâ—…ke this poore occupieâ—… hath all 〈◊〉 his croppe for 〈◊〉 of money beyng 〈…〉 againe 〈◊〉 longe And 〈…〉 the whole sale of corne in the great 〈◊〉 handes â–ª who hytherto 〈…〉 lyttle 〈◊〉 of their own 〈…〉 men so much as they 〈…〉 Hencefoorth also they begin to 〈…〉 by the quarter or made at the first For maring of the market but by the 〈◊〉 or two or an 〈…〉 the most therby to be 〈◊〉 â—…o kéepe the market eyther for a shewe or to made men â—…geâ—… to buy and so as they maye haue it for money not to regarde what they pay And thus corne 〈◊〉 deare but it will be dearer the next 〈…〉 day It is possible also that they myslyke the pryce in the begynnyng for whole yeare 〈◊〉 as mâ—…n 〈◊〉 that corne 〈…〉 of better price in the next 〈…〉 wyll they threshe out thrée partes of 〈…〉 corne toward the 〈…〉 when newe commeth a 〈◊〉 to hande and cast the same into the fourth vnthreshed where it shall lye vntyll the next Spryng or peraduenture tyll it must 〈…〉 Or else they â—â—ill gyrde their 〈◊〉 of by the hand and stâ—…cke it vp of newe in 〈…〉 to th ende it may not onely appeare lesse in quantity but also gyue place to the corne that is yet to come into the â—…arne or growing the field If there happen to be such plentye in the market vpon any 〈◊〉 day that they can not â—…ell at their owne 〈…〉 they set it vp in some friendes house against an other or the thirde day and not bringe it foorth vntyll they lyke of the 〈◊〉 If they â—…ell any at home beside harder measure it shal be dearer to the poore man by two pence or a groate in a bushell then they maye 〈…〉 in the market But as there things are worthy redresse so I wyshe that God woulde once open their eyes that 〈◊〉 thus to sée there owne errours for as yet some of them lyttle care howe many poore men suffer extreâ—â—â—ie so that they may 〈◊〉 their 〈◊〉 and carye aldaye the gaine I coulde saye more but this is euen ynough and more peraduenture then I shall be well thanked for yet true it is though some 〈◊〉 it no 〈◊〉 This moreouer is to be lamented that one generall measure is not in vse thorowout all Englande but euery 〈◊〉 towne hath in a maner a seuerall measure and the lesser it be the 〈◊〉 sellers it draweth 〈…〉 vnto the same It is oft â—…ounde likewise that diuers 〈…〉 haue one measure to 〈◊〉 by and another to buy withall the lyke is also in weightes Wherfore it were verye good that these two were reduced vnto one standerd that is one bushell one pound one quarter one huÌ„dred one tale one number so should things in time fal into better order fewer causes of contention be mooued in this land But more of this herafter in the next booke where I haue inserted a litle treatize which I sometimes collected of our weights measures and their comparison with those of the auncient Gréekes and Romaines To coÌ„clude therfore in our markets all things are to be solde necessarie for mans vse and there is our prouision made commonly for all the wéeke insuing Therefore as there are no great townes without one wéekely market at the least so there are very fewe of them that haue not one or twoo fayres or more within the compasse of the yeare assigned vnto them by the prince And albeit that some of them are not much better then the common kirkemesses beyonde the sea yet there are diuers not inferiour vnto the greatest martes in Europe as Sturbridge Faire neare to Cambridge Bartholomewe fayre at London Linne mart Cold fayre at Newport pond for cattell and diuers other all which or at the leastwyse the greatest part of them to the end I may with the more ease to the reader lesse trauayle to my self fulfill my taske in their recitall I haue set down according to y e names of the monethes wherin they are holden at y e end of this booke where you shall finde them at large as I borowed the same froÌ„ Stow. Of Armour and Munition Cap. 12. HOw well or how strongly our countrey hath béene furnished in tymes past with armor and artillery it lyeth not in me as of my selfe to make rehearsall Yet that it lacked both in the late tyme of Quéene Mary not onely thexperience of myne elders but also the talke of certaine Spaniards not yet forgotten dyd leaue some manifest notice Vpon the first I néede not stand for few wil denye it For the seconde I haue hearde that when one of the greatest péeres of Spaine espyed our nakednesse in this behalfe and did solemnely vtter in no obscure place that it shoulde be an easie matter in shorte tyme to coÌ„quere England bycause it wanted armor his words were