therein_o contain_v as_o far_o as_o consist_v with_o that_o frail_a and_o mortal_a state_n wherein_o he_o have_v create_v they_o this_o proposition_n have_v already_o be_v make_v out_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o preservation_n and_o continuance_n of_o all_o the_o species_n of_o creature_n and_o consequent_o of_o mankind_n as_o one_o of_o they_o do_v whole_o depend_v upon_o god_n providence_n and_o as_o for_o the_o individual_n or_o particular_a person_n since_o god_n knowledge_n be_v infinite_a and_o extend_v even_o to_o the_o least_o thing_n and_o also_o that_o of_o these_o particular_n each_o species_n of_o creature_n be_v make_v up_o and_o consist_v it_o be_v likewise_o as_o evident_a that_o god_n design_n their_o good_a and_o preservation_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a kind_n though_o i_o grant_v he_o prefer_v the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a species_n before_o that_o of_o the_o individual_n 2._o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o all_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n shall_v be_v make_v conscious_a of_o this_o his_o intention_n of_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v operate_v as_o his_o subordinate_a mean_n or_o instrument_n towards_o this_o great_a end_n which_o i_o shall_v prove_v thus_o 1._o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n have_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o other_o as_o well_o as_o of_o themselves_o 2_o that_o this_o notion_n or_o idea_n when_o true_o pursue_v will_v at_o last_o extend_v itself_o to_o all_o mankind_n for_o it_o can_v never_o stop_v short_a of_o it_o as_o long_o as_o it_o may_v still_o proceed_v far_o and_o find_v new_a and_o fit_a object_n to_o work_v on_o every_o individual_a member_n of_o mankind_n make_v a_o part_n of_o this_o universal_a idea_n 3._o that_o this_o notion_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v not_o only_o possible_a to_o be_v perform_v but_o be_v also_o high_o rational_a and_o the_o great_a and_o noble_a end_n we_o can_v imagine_v or_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o as_o comprehend_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o be_v also_o true_a i._n e._n agreeable_a with_o the_o divine_a intellect_n which_o i_o thus_o make_v out_o these_o ground_n be_v suppose_v §_o 4._o first_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o the_o truth_n our_o mind_n be_v endue_v with_o or_o capable_a of_o be_v from_o god_n since_o whatever_o perfection_n be_v find_v in_o the_o effect_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v first_o more_o eminent_o in_o its_o cause_n therefore_o if_o the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n be_v a_o perfection_n as_o doubtless_o it_o be_v it_o must_v be_v much_o more_o so_o in_o god_n the_o original_a cause_n thereof_o so_o that_o if_o this_o idea_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o high_a good_a we_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v it_o be_v a_o clear_a and_o perfect_a though_o complext_v idea_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o of_o all_o other_o rational_a agent_n it_o must_v be_v true_a and_o consequent_o from_o god_n and_o the_o divine_a intellect_n do_v as_o certain_o agree_v with_o our_o idea_n concern_v it_o as_o it_o do_v when_o we_o judge_v that_o the_o base_a of_o a_o equilateral_a triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o either_o of_o the_o crura_fw-la or_o leg_n therefore_o this_o idea_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v true_a and_o that_o it_o be_v also_o certain_a that_o all_o truth_n be_v from_o god_n as_o likewise_o that_o he_o have_v make_v we_o true_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o will_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n it_o be_v likewise_o as_o certain_a that_o he_o will_v have_v we_o act_v as_o rational_a agent_n conscious_a of_o this_o his_o great_a design_n §_o 5._o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o proposition_n viz._n that_o god_n will_v have_v we_o operate_v as_o his_o instrument_n to_o this_o end_n will_v be_v likewise_o as_o clear_v when_o you_o consider_v what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o god_n who_o have_v make_v nothing_o in_o vain_a will_v not_o have_v endue_v we_o with_o a_o idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a as_o the_o great_a end_n we_o can_v propose_v ourselves_o for_o mere_a speculation_n but_o rather_o for_o some_o practical_a end_n in_o order_n to_o our_o own_o good_a and_o happiness_n with_o that_o of_o other_o especial_o since_o god_n have_v place_v it_o so_o much_o in_o our_o power_n to_o promote_v and_o procure_v this_o common_a good_a since_o as_o far_o as_o we_o endeavour_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o particular_a person_n we_o do_v so_o far_o contribute_v our_o share_n to_o that_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o one_o aggregate_v body_n thus_o whatsoever_o do_v good_a to_o any_o one_o member_n do_v so_o far_o benefit_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o a_o aggregate_v body_n consist_v of_o divers_a distinct_a member_n consist_v in_o that_o of_o each_o of_o its_o part_n so_o then_o if_o god_n intend_v the_o end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v he_o design_v likewise_o the_o mean_n to_o produce_v it_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o better_a mean_n or_o fit_a instrument_n for_o this_o end_n than_o the_o joint_a endeavour_n of_o all_o man_n express_v by_o all_o the_o act_n of_o benevolence_n and_o kindness_n towards_o each_o other_o since_o it_o be_v certain_a as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o man_n can_v contribute_v more_o to_o the_o hurt_a or_o benefit_n of_o each_o other_o than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creature_n put_v together_o therefore_o as_o god_n have_v design_v the_o end_n and_o ordain_v sufficient_a mean_n to_o produce_v it_o viz._n man_n kind_n and_o benevolent_a action_n so_o it_o be_v as_o evident_a that_o he_o will_v make_v use_n of_o man_n as_o the_o necessary_a mean_n for_o this_o end_n though_o i_o grant_v he_o have_v ordain_v we_o to_o operate_v not_o only_o as_o mechanic_n cause_n but_o rather_o as_o free_v and_o voluntary_a agent_n to_o produce_v it_o that_o be_v as_o true_a subject_n to_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n 24._o thus_o by_o the_o same_o step_n that_o we_o arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n the_o supreme_a be_v we_o be_v likewise_o bring_v to_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o this_o his_o great_a design_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o if_o from_o all_o the_o wonderful_a observation_n and_o curious_a contrivance_n observe_v in_o this_o last_o chapter_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o mankind_n we_o can_v but_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v so_o dispose_v by_o a_o most_o wise_a intelligent_a be_v towards_o this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o very_a same_o appearance_n that_o discover_v these_o thing_n must_v likewise_o declare_v his_o intention_n of_o make_v use_n of_o we_o man_n as_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o §_o 7._o the_o last_o proposition_n for_o the_o prove_v this_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v true_a be_v this_o that_o god_n have_v make_v this_o discovery_n of_o his_o will_n unto_o we_o we_o thereupon_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n of_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a to_o prove_v which_o i_o first_o suppose_v that_o obligation_n to_o a_o action_n enjoin_v by_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v the_o necessary_a and_o constant_a effect_n thereof_o upon_o every_o person_n subject_n to_o it_o and_o that_o this_o immediate_o result_v from_o its_o own_o nature_n this_o law_n be_v always_o just_a and_o right_o as_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n be_v from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v so_o that_o i_o understand_v obligation_n to_o active_a obedience_n to_o be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o this_o law_n yet_o that_o it_o primary_o flow_v from_o that_o will_n of_o god_n which_o ordain_v this_o law_n and_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n subject_a to_o it_o as_o heat_n in_o we_o be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n or_o action_n of_o fire_n upon_o we_o but_o original_o both_o the_o fire_n and_o heat_n be_v from_o the_o first_o cause_n now_o there_o be_v no_o legal_a liberty_n leave_v we_o in_o the_o case_n of_o natural_a law_n to_o choose_v whether_o we_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o the_o action_n therein_o command_v or_o rather_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o punishment_n attend_v the_o violation_n thereof_o and_o although_o our_o natural_a liberty_n of_o will_n be_v not_o destroy_v thereby_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o right_n leave_v we_o to_o determine_v ourselves_o otherwise_o than_o natural_a law_n direct_v because_o all_o moral_a truth_n or_o rectitude_n be_v comprehend_v
only_o to_o discern_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o morality_n which_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o ornament_n as_o they_o be_v man_n but_o also_o they_o may_v here_o see_v the_o true_a foundation_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o property_n which_o they_o be_v most_o oblige_v to_o understand_v because_o as_o gentleman_n they_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o great_a interest_n in_o they_o both_o i_o need_v add_v no_o more_o to_o give_v you_o assurance_n that_o i_o free_o consent_v to_o your_o print_n of_o this_o book_n and_o be_o your_o affectionate_a friend_n ric._n peterborough_n the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o the_o preface_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v only_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o a_o state_n of_o the_o question_n between_o we_o and_o the_o epicurean_o and_o sceptic_n §_o 2._o the_o method_n propose_v in_o what_o manner_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o prove_v certain_a general_a proposition_n that_o shall_v carry_v with_o they_o the_o obligation_n of_o natural_a law_n §_o 3._o the_o soul_n suppose_v to_o be_v rafa_o tabula_fw-la without_o any_o innate_a idea_n our_o method_n propose_v of_o consider_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o world_n and_o all_o thing_n and_o humane_a action_n as_o subordinate_a cause_n and_o effect_n either_o hinder_v or_o promote_a our_o common_a happiness_n and_o preservation_n §_o 4._o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o so_o many_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o our_o observation_n or_o knowledge_n of_o it_o reduceable_a to_o one_o proposition_n of_o the_o high_a benevolence_n of_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o benevolence_n §_o 5._o what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v or_o suppose_v in_o order_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n §_o 6._o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n prove_v and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o thence_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o single_a person_n inseparable_a from_o that_o of_o mankind_n the_o general_a cause_n of_o its_o happiness_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n §_o 7._o therefore_o no_o man_n particular_a happiness_n can_v be_v oppose_v or_o prefer_v before_o the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n the_o contrary_a practice_n unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a §_o 8._o yet_o that_o this_o proposition_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n till_o we_o have_v propose_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n for_o the_o great_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 9_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o proposition_n not_o prejudice_v by_o the_o ill_a use_n of_o man_n free-will_n §_o 10_o 11._o by_o what_o step_n and_o degree_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o mind_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 12._o first_o natural_a observation_n that_o in_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o outward_a necessary_n of_o life_n and_o in_o our_o mutual_a administer_a they_o to_o each_o other_o consist_v all_o man_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n from_o whence_o also_o proceed_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n §_o 13._o that_o man_n be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n §_o 14._o nothing_o a_o sure_a help_n and_o defence_n to_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 15._o nor_o any_o thing_n more_o destructive_a to_o it_o than_o their_o constant_a malice_n and_o ill-will_a §_o 16._o that_o these_o principle_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o any_o in_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n notwithstanding_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n §_o 17._o yet_o that_o they_o be_v only_a law_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o as_o establish_v with_o fit_a reward_n and_o punishment_n §_o 18._o that_o from_o these_o natural_a and_o general_a observation_n we_o attain_v to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o man_n happiness_n and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n these_o cause_n act_n as_o certain_o as_o any_o other_o §_o 19,20_o hence_o arise_v a_o true_a notion_n of_o thing_n natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a or_o evil_n §_o 21._o that_o man_n natural_a power_n and_o the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n can_v neither_o be_v exert_v nor_o make_v use_n of_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a rule_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n §_o 22._o some_o conclusion_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o that_o we_o chief_o concern_v ourselves_o about_o those_o thing_n and_o action_n that_o be_v in_o our_o power_n §_o 23._o no_o man_n self-sufficient_a to_o procure_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o therefore_o need_v the_o goodwill_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 24._o none_o of_o these_o necessary_n for_o life_n can_v produce_v the_o end_n design_v but_o as_o they_o be_v appropriate_v to_o man_n particular_a use_n and_o necessity_n for_o the_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o §_o 25._o from_o whence_o arise_v the_o right_a of_o occupancy_n or_o possession_n which_o may_v be_v exercise_v even_o during_o a_o natural_a community_n of_o most_o thing_n §_o 26._o that_o as_o this_o natural_a division_n and_o propriety_n in_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o particular_a person_n so_o it_o be_v also_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o aggregate_v body_n §_o 27._o that_o these_o principle_n destroy_v mr._n h_n hypothesis_n of_o the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o far_a division_n and_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n now_o mankind_n be_v multiply_v on_o the_o earth_n §_o 29._o no_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n any_o far_a than_o as_o it_o conduce_v or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 30._o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n alike_o certain_a in_o a_o natural_a as_o civil_a state_n with_o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o argument_n insist_v on_o in_o this_o chapter_n §_o 31._o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n man_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o natural_a body_n as_o a_o animal_n and_o also_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n some_o observation_n from_o the_o first_o of_o these_o consideration_n as_o that_o humane_a body_n and_o action_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n with_o other_o thing_n §_o 1_o 2._o no_o action_n or_o motion_n more_o conducive_a to_o man_n happiness_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 3._o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o system_fw-la of_o natural_a body_n do_v not_o make_v any_o considerable_a difference_n between_o they_o when_o consider_v as_o voluntary_a agent_n endue_v with_o sense_n but_o that_o they_o rather_o act_v more_o powerful_o thereby_o §_o 4._o man_n great_a security_n from_o evil_n and_o hope_n of_o obtain_v good_a depend_v upon_o the_o goodwill_n and_o voluntary_a assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 5._o several_a natural_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o these_o observation_n §_o 6._o the_o like_a be_v find_v true_a in_o animate_v as_o well_o as_o inanimate_a body_n will_v make_v we_o more_o solicitous_a towards_o the_o general_a good_a of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n §_o 7._o that_o love_v or_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n we_o can_v enjoy_v and_o also_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o concourse_n of_o cause_n that_o all_o rational_a being_n shall_v be_v sensible_a of_o these_o indication_n §_o 8._o this_o prove_v from_o several_a natural_a observation_n as_o 1._o that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v but_o narrow_a the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n can_v be_v but_o few_o and_o most_o of_o they_o communicable_a to_o many_o at_o once_o and_o so_o require_v a_o limit_a self-love_n consistent_a with_o the_o safety_n and_o happiness_n of_o other_o §_o 9_o 2._o that_o creature_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v but_o be_v move_v to_o the_o like_a affection_n towards_o other_o as_o towards_o themselves_o from_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o similitude_n of_o their_o nature_n §_o 10._o animal_n do_v never_o deviate_v from_o this_o natural_a state_n but_o when_o they_o be_v seize_v with_o some_o preternatural_a disease_n or_o passion_n which_o as_o oft_o as_o it_o happen_v be_v absolute_o destructive_a to_o
that_o of_o all_o other_o though_o such_o case_n be_v indefinite_a can_v be_v certain_o or_o distinct_o know_v §_o 8._o but_o indeed_o the_o care_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n or_o a_o few_o man_n happiness_n be_v render_v useless_a for_o the_o present_a nor_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o the_o future_a if_o it_o be_v seek_v by_o oppose_v or_o postpone_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_n because_o the_o mind_n be_v thus_o affect_v a_o main_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o its_o own_o felicity_n must_v needs_o still_o be_v want_v viz._n that_o inward_a peace_n of_o conscience_n proceed_v from_o a_o solid_a reason_n and_o true_a prudence_n always_o constant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o itself_o for_o whilst_o such_o a_o person_n resolve_v to_o act_v by_o one_o rule_n towards_o himself_o and_o by_o another_o towards_o all_o other_o who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o therefore_o need_v and_o require_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o himself_o he_o must_v needs_o contradict_v his_o own_o reason_n and_o so_o want_v that_o true_a joy_n and_o satisfaction_n constant_o spring_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o a_o just_a benevolent_a and_o good-natured_a person_n from_o the_o sense_n of_o another_o good_a and_o happiness_n when_o promote_v or_o procure_v by_o himself_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v true_o happy_a who_o not_o only_o neglect_v the_o necessary_a cause_n thereof_o god_n and_o all_o other_o man_n on_o who_o help_n and_o assistance_n his_o true_a happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a whole_o depend_v but_o also_o provoke_v they_o to_o his_o certain_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a way_n which_o can_v bring_v any_o man_n to_o the_o attain_v his_o own_o particular_a happiness_n but_o that_o which_o lead_v he_o also_o to_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o §_o 9_o but_o i_o here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v universal_a benevolence_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n for_o the_o due_a order_v our_o action_n and_o correct_v our_o manner_n until_o we_o have_v first_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n viz._n our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o as_o our_o main_a end_n and_o that_o we_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o various_a act_n contain_v under_o this_o general_a love_n or_o benevolence_n be_v the_o only_a true_a mean_n to_o procure_v it_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o proposition_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v make_v manifest_a to_o we_o in_o the_o next_o all_o those_o other_o proposition_n that_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o thence_o such_o as_o be_v those_o less_o general_a one_o which_o determine_v concern_v the_o natural_a power_n of_o fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o filial_a affection_n as_o also_o of_o all_o other_o particular_a virtue_n necessary_a for_o the_o obtain_v any_o part_n of_o this_o humane_a felicity_n for_o as_o well_o the_o whole_a truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n as_o of_o all_o those_o which_o follow_v from_o thence_o depend_v upon_o the_o natural_a and_o necessary_a power_n of_o such_o action_n as_o real_a cause_n produce_v such_o effect_n §_o 10._o and_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o detract_v from_o their_o certainty_n that_o they_o depend_v upon_o such_o a_o uncertain_a cause_n as_o man_n will._n yet_o however_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o whenever_o such_o voluntary_a cause_n shall_v exert_v themselves_o such_o effect_n will_v certain_o be_v produce_v thus_o in_o arithmetic_n we_o free_o add_v and_o subtract_v that_o be_v we_o can_v choose_v whether_o we_o will_v perform_v those_o operation_n or_o not_o but_o if_o we_o reckon_v true_o we_o shall_v always_o find_v the_o total_a equal_a to_o all_o the_o particular_n either_o add_v or_o subtract_v and_o there_o be_v a_o like_a certain_a and_o true_a connexion_n between_o all_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n which_o can_v be_v know_v in_o any_o other_o science_n and_o this_o i_o have_v likewise_o imitate_v in_o this_o treatise_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n by_o reduce_v all_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v to_o this_o one_o head_n or_o sum_n viz._n love_n or_o benevolence_n which_o idea_n i_o shall_v improve_v by_o inquire_v into_o its_o several_a kind_n and_o show_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a action_n with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a end_n seek_v for_o by_o we_o §_o 11._o but_o since_o our_o voluntary_a action_n alone_o can_v be_v govern_v by_o reason_n and_o those_o only_o which_o concern_v intelligent_a agent_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o moral_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o from_o none_o of_o all_o these_o action_n we_o can_v frame_v a_o high_a or_o more_o comprehensive_a idea_n than_o this_o of_o universal_a benevolence_n which_o comprehend_v the_o willing_a and_o endeavour_v of_o all_o good_a thing_n and_o the_o removal_n or_o hinder_v of_o all_o evil_a one_o from_o those_o object_n about_o which_o it_o be_v conversant_a and_o this_o benevolence_n extend_v its_o self_n to_o all_o moral_a action_n as_o well_o those_o of_o consider_v and_o compare_v divers_a good_n with_o each_o other_o as_o of_o inquire_v into_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v produce_v nor_o be_v it_o more_o certain_o true_a that_o the_o addition_n of_o several_a number_n make_v a_o sum_n total_a than_o that_o this_o benevolence_n produce_v a_o general_a good_a effect_n to_o all_o those_o towards_o who_o we_o exert_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o piety_n fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o conjugal_a affection_n together_o with_o filial_a duty_n make_v up_o the_o chief_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o benevolence_n as_o that_o addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n be_v several_a part_n of_o arithmetic_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o material_a objection_n that_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n may_v be_v prejudice_v or_o lessen_v by_o the_o wickedness_n or_o ill-nature_n of_o men._n so_o that_o the_o great_a end_n or_o sum_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v thereby_o general_o obtain_v as_o it_o ought_v any_o more_o than_o it_o be_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o certainty_n or_o usefulness_n of_o arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n that_o some_o man_n shall_v through_o lazyness_n and_o inadvertency_n altogether_o neglect_v their_o rule_n or_o make_v false_a conclusion_n from_o those_o science_n or_o shall_v through_o ignorance_n or_o prejudice_n deny_v their_o certainty_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v in_o the_o science_n of_o morality_n as_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v chief_o employ_v in_o weigh_v and_o take_v a_o true_a account_n of_o those_o humane_a power_n that_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o since_o they_o may_v vary_v somewhat_o in_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o possible_a case_n he_o may_v be_v say_v and_o that_o deserve_o to_o have_v well_o perform_v this_o task_n who_o first_o affirm_v in_o general_n that_o all_o those_o power_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o most_o general_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n though_o he_o may_v be_v able_a afterward_o more_o particular_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o just_a division_n of_o thing_n fidelity_n gratitude_n and_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o it_o and_o also_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o become_v useful_a to_o this_o end_n by_o which_o mean_v religion_n and_o humane_a society_n with_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v render_v man_n life_n happy_a and_o safe_a will_v be_v certain_o improve_v and_o advance_v and_o herein_o consist_v the_o solution_n of_o that_o most_o useful_a problem_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n procure_v by_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n which_o moral_a philosophy_n teach_v we_o to_o search_v after_o nor_o be_v the_o truth_n or_o authority_n of_o such_o precept_n at_o all_o prejudice_v or_o diminish_v though_o very_o many_o person_n will_v not_o obey_v they_o or_o will_v set_v themselves_o to_o oppose_v they_o since_o this_o only_a can_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o that_o they_o will_v thereby_o lose_v their_o own_o happiness_n and_o perhaps_o may_v draw_v other_o by_o their_o false_a reason_n into_o the_o same_o misery_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o that_o man_n will_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o act_n that_o constitute_v this_o benevolence_n if_o they_o be_v but_o once_o convince_v that_o so_o great_a and_o noble_a a_o end_n as_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o their_o own_o happiness_n be_v likewise_o contain_v will_v be_v certain_o procure_v thereby_o and_o can_v be_v have_v by_o any_o other_o or_o contrary_a mean_n
glad_a if_o any_o of_o mr._n h_n disciple_n can_v show_v we_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o that_o opinion_n §_o 17._o so_o that_o these_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o concern_v the_o natural_a mean_n of_o man_n happiness_n do_v appear_v so_o evident_a from_o our_o common_a reason_n and_o daily_a experience_n that_o they_o be_v of_o like_a certainty_n with_o the_o principle_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n in_o all_o who_o operation_n there_o be_v still_o suppose_v certain_a act_n depend_v upon_o our_o free_a humane_a faculty_n and_o yet_o neither_o of_o these_o science_n be_v render_v the_o more_o uncertain_a from_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n whether_o they_o will_v draw_v line_n or_o cast_v up_o sum_n or_o not_o since_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o there_o be_v a_o inseparable_a connexion_n between_o such_o act_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o exert_v and_o all_o the_o effect_n seek_v for_o to_o the_o find_n of_o which_o both_o the_o pleasure_n annex_v to_o their_o contemplation_n and_o the_o various_a use_n of_o humane_a life_n do_v at_o once_o invite_v we_o and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n the_o truth_n of_o all_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v found_v in_o the_o immutable_a coherence_n between_o the_o high_a felicity_n which_o humane_a power_n can_v attain_v to_o with_o those_o act_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n that_o be_v of_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o man_n and_o which_o exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o particular_a moral_a virtue_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n these_o two_o thing_n be_v still_o suppose_v that_o man_n desire_v and_o seek_v the_o high_a felicity_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o exercise_v this_o benevolence_n not_o only_o towards_o themselves_o but_o god_n and_o man_n as_o partaker_n with_o they_o of_o the_o same_o rational_a or_o intelligent_a nature_n this_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v to_o prevent_v all_o those_o cavil_n which_o mr._n h_n disciple_n be_v use_v to_o make_v against_o morality_n from_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o wi_n §_o 18._o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v far_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o remember_v what_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n that_o this_o truth_n concern_v the_o efficacy_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n as_o also_o all_o other_o proposition_n alike_o evident_a and_o contain_v under_o it_o do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o ordainer_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o of_o our_o humane_a understanding_n and_o of_o all_o truth_n therein_o contain_v and_o since_o these_o rule_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n tend_v to_o the_o procure_a god_n end_n and_o design_n viz._n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o also_o that_o it_o have_v please_v he_o to_o annex_v certain_a natural_a reward_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o punishment_n to_o their_o transgression_n so_o that_o they_o thereby_o become_v apt_a and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o due_a order_n of_o our_o thought_n and_o govern_v our_o action_n towards_o god_n ourselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o i_o shall_v far_o make_v out_o in_o this_o discourse_n i_o see_v nothing_o want_v to_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o i_o shall_v far_o show_v before_o i_o have_v do_v that_o under_o this_o general_a rule_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o universal_a benevolence_n be_v contain_v piety_n towards_o god_n and_o the_o high_a goodwill_n or_o charity_n towards_o man_n and_o be_v the_o sum_n both_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n of_o moses_n and_o of_o the_o gospel_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ._n §_o 19_o these_o thing_n be_v thus_o propose_v in_o general_a i_o come_v now_o more_o particular_o to_o show_v that_o a_o due_a observation_n and_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a thing_n without_o we_o will_v true_o and_o clear_o teach_v we_o what_o operation_n or_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o and_o also_o show_v we_o how_o necessary_o and_o unalterable_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v produce_v for_o natural_a knowledge_n search_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o generation_n and_o corruption_n which_o daily_o happen_v to_o all_o natural_a body_n and_o especial_o to_o man_n and_o so_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o necessary_a coherence_n of_o these_o effect_n with_o their_o cause_n and_o therefore_o those_o cause_n that_o help_v to_o generate_v or_o preserve_v man_n and_o that_o make_v they_o live_v happy_o in_o this_o life_n be_v natural_a good_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o misery_n and_o dissolution_n be_v natural_a evil_n and_o it_o then_o as_o plain_o follow_v that_o by_o this_o knowledge_n we_o can_v as_o certain_o demonstrate_v and_o foretell_v what_o thing_n be_v natural_o good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o mankind_n as_o for_o any_o single_a person_n §_o 20._o therefore_o we_o may_v true_o conclude_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o these_o effect_n which_o either_o nature_n or_o humane_a industry_n can_v produce_v for_o man_n food_n clothe_v habitation_n and_o medicine_n be_v part_n of_o this_o natural_a knowledge_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o understanding_n of_o all_o other_o humane_a operation_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n proceed_v from_o thence_o for_o the_o use_v of_o humane_a life_n for_o although_o the_o voluntary_a action_n of_o man_n as_o they_o exert_v themselves_o towards_o thing_n without_o they_o do_v not_o work_v exact_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o mere_a mechanic_n motion_n viz._n from_o the_o pulsion_n or_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n but_o either_o from_o their_o reason_n or_o will_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o outward_a motion_n we_o exert_v receive_v their_o measure_n and_o force_n from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o humane_a body_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o other_o and_o so_o must_v perform_v their_o natural_a function_n as_o they_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o natural_a motion_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o voluntary_a action_n whenever_o they_o be_v thus_o exert_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o same_o natural_a law_n and_o it_o be_v common_o know_v how_o much_o man_n industry_n by_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o their_o body_n which_o a_o philosopher_n can_v easy_o resolve_v into_o mechanic_n one_o do_v contribute_v to_o their_o own_o and_o other_o man_n preservation_n by_o provide_v and_o administer_a victual_n clothes_n physic_n house_n etc._n etc._n in_o perform_v which_o effect_n man_n strength_n and_o skill_n in_o husbandry_n building_n navigation_n and_o other_o manual_a trade_n be_v chief_o employ_v nor_o be_v the_o liberal_a art_n absolute_o free_a from_o these_o law_n of_o motion_n since_o by_o the_o help_n of_o certain_a sensible_a sign_n and_o articulate_v note_n or_o mark_n as_o word_n letter_n or_o cipher_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n come_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o knowledge_n and_o direct_v in_o most_o of_o their_o civil_a and_o moral_a duty_n i_o have_v only_o think_v fit_a to_o hint_n thus_o much_o concern_v humane_a action_n consider_v as_o mere_a natural_a thing_n exist_v without_o we_o but_o i_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o of_o they_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n §_o 21._o hence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o all_o these_o natural_a thing_n and_o the_o mutual_a help_n by_o which_o they_o be_v procure_v may_v be_v certain_o know_v and_o foresee_v by_o we_o to_o be_v natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o those_o contrary_a cause_n or_o motion_n by_o which_o man_n body_n be_v weaken_v or_o destroy_v by_o lessen_v or_o take_v away_o the_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n of_o life_n such_o as_o food_n raiment_n liberty_n quiet_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o those_o action_n by_o which_o virtue_n and_o knowledge_n may_v be_v root_v out_o of_o man_n mind_n and_o error_n and_o unbridled_a passion_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n introduce_v into_o their_o room_n be_v necessary_o and_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n evil._n therefore_o when_o we_o determine_v of_o natural_a good_n or_o evil_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o preservation_n of_o a_o few_o particular_a person_n since_o the_o punishment_n nay_o death_n of_o these_o may_v often_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a
aforego_v be_v observe_v so_o that_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n after_o what_o manner_n and_o to_o what_o degree_n we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n that_o be_v only_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v include_v in_o that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n so_o we_o be_v hence_o also_o instruct_v what_o action_n be_v prescribe_v or_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o such_o action_n only_o be_v thereby_o commend_v as_o promote_v this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o contrary_a action_n forbid_v which_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v it_o which_o be_v also_o suppose_a by_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o their_o deliberation_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v that_o in_o which_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o contribute_v to_o their_o common_a safety_n and_o preservation_n viz._n that_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o several_a state_n concern_v shall_v be_v so_o just_o moderate_v and_o equal_o balance_v that_o none_o may_v destroy_v or_o oppress_v each_o other_o thus_o between_o neighbour_a nation_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o common_a power_n it_o be_v chief_o provide_v in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n that_o the_o force_n of_o each_o particular_a commonwealth_n shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v by_o the_o assistance_n and_o support_v of_o their_o confederates_n and_o ally_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o of_o they_o to_o swallow_v up_o or_o destroy_v another_o but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v still_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o power_n and_o mean_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n in_o peace_n and_o safety_n as_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o institute_v by_o men._n §_o 7._o and_o as_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o natural_a body_n that_o whilst_o they_o persevere_v in_o their_o own_o motion_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n they_o shall_v also_o contribute_v and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n from_o the_o general_a law_n of_o motion_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o which_o rule_n be_v also_o find_v true_a in_o animal_n it_o seem_v to_o admonish_v we_o not_o only_o as_o mere_a animal_n but_o rational_a agent_n that_o we_o contribute_v our_o particular_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o general_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o all_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possible_a effect_n but_o also_o such_o a_o one_o as_o depend_v upon_o cause_n so_o perfect_a and_o certain_a we_o may_v with_o reason_n believe_v that_o it_o will_v endure_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n but_o if_o we_o far_o add_v to_o these_o observation_n those_o thing_n that_o distinguish_v animate_v from_o inanimate_a body_n they_o will_v yet_o more_o strong_o convince_v we_o and_o make_v we_o see_v more_o sufficient_a reason_n wherefore_o not_o so_o much_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o other_o corporeal_a being_n we_o shall_v be_v chief_o solicitous_a in_o give_v our_o assistance_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a first_o than_o the_o nature_n of_o animate_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n by_o such_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n and_o a_o apt_a conformation_n of_o their_o natural_a organ_n as_o suffice_v for_o their_o generation_n sensation_n imagination_n affection_n nourishment_n and_o also_o all_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v by_o these_o action_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n endeavour_v their_o conservation_n and_o happiness_n for_o the_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v they_o and_o thereby_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n §_o 8._o but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v too_o long_o upon_o these_o common_a obvious_a thing_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o themselves_o but_o shall_v from_o hence_o deduce_v something_o more_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o same_o intrinseck_n constitution_n of_o all_o animal_n whereby_o they_o be_v determine_v to_o this_o endeavour_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o there_o be_v beside_o give_v manifest_a declaration_n that_o love_v and_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a be_v also_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n of_o life_n they_o can_v enjoy_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v from_o the_o same_o concourse_n of_o external_n and_o internal_a cause_n that_o all_o rational_a agent_n can_v but_o be_v sensible_a or_o mindful_a of_o these_o indication_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n contain_v the_o sense_n and_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o latter_a regard_v its_o promulgation_n or_o the_o manner_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o i_o shall_v explain_v each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o corporeal_a bulk_n even_o of_o the_o large_a animal_n be_v contain_v within_o a_o small_a and_o narrow_a compass_n as_o also_o that_o the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o can_v live_v or_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o long_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o they_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o preservation_n or_o where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o concurrence_n of_o more_o of_o they_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o may_v be_v free_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o whence_o they_o be_v natural_o lead_v to_o desire_v but_o a_o few_o particular_a thing_n but_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o divers_a other_o in_o common_a who_o use_n may_v yet_o be_v well_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o without_o exhaust_v their_o store_n such_o as_o be_v the_o free_a enjoyment_n of_o air_n light_n fire_n water_n etc._n etc._n and_o far_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o their_o body_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o hinder_v the_o effusion_n govern_v also_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n fix_v bound_n to_o those_o appetite_n and_o necessity_n by_o which_o they_o be_v urge_v to_o seek_v their_o own_o preservation_n so_o that_o those_o few_o thing_n that_o suffice_v to_o repair_v the_o vital_a flame_n which_o daily_o consume_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_a not_o only_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o life_n and_o natural_a strength_n but_o also_o for_o enable_v they_o to_o contribute_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o last_o the_o structure_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o their_o aliment_n be_v digest_v and_o of_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o chyle_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n that_o receive_v it_o be_v but_o narrow_a require_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n to_o fill_v they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o brute_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o mr._n h_n error_n of_o judge_v or_o desire_v all_o thing_n whatever_o as_o necessary_a for_o its_o own_o preservation_n since_o from_o the_o intrinseck_n and_o constituent_a part_n of_o all_o animal_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n suffice_v to_o allay_v their_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o if_o so_o few_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n they_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o product_n which_o the_o earth_n so_o plentiful_o bring_v forth_o to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n since_o the_o finite_a quantity_n of_o their_o body_n limit_v their_o appetite_n to_o the_o desire_v and_o their_o power_n only_o to_o the_o use_v a_o few_o necessary_a thing_n from_o this_o use_n and_o necessity_n there_o arise_v a_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n among_o divers_a animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o allowance_n or_o permission_n of_o which_o distribution_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o mutual_a concord_n and_o benevolence_n among_o they_o and_o which_o their_o nature_n require_v for_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o if_o this_o innate_a love_n or_o desire_v of_o self-preservation_n in_o animal_n be_v limit_v after_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v now_o describe_v this_o once_o satisfy_v there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v withstand_v or_o obstruct_v the_o conservation_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n either_o by_o hinder_v their_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o need_v or_o in_o refuse_v to_o lend_v they_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o that_o it_o
all_o these_o difficulty_n a_o much_o easy_a way_n only_o by_o suppose_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a impress_v by_o god_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o men._n but_o i_o must_v indeed_o confess_v myself_o not_o yet_o so_o happy_a as_o to_o be_v able_a thus_o easy_o to_o attain_v to_o so_o great_a a_o perfection_n as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o this_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n and_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o either_o safe_a or_o convenient_a to_o lay_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o natural_a religion_n and_o morality_n upon_o a_o hypothesis_n which_o have_v be_v explode_v by_o all_o philosopher_n except_o themselves_o and_o which_o can_v never_o alone_o serve_v to_o convince_v those_o of_o epicurean_a principle_n for_o who_o we_o chief_o design_v this_o work_n but_o whosoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v what_o have_v be_v write_v against_o these_o innate_a idea_n by_o the_o inquisitive_a and_o sagacious_a lock_n author_n of_o the_o late_a essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n will_v find_v they_o very_o hard_o if_o not_o impossible_a to_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v ever_o be_v innate_a in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n before_o they_o come_v into_o the_o world_n therefore_o as_o i_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o absolute_o to_o deny_v the_o be_v or_o impossibility_n of_o such_o idea_n so_o i_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o any_o argument_n draw_v from_o thence_o in_o this_o discourse_n though_o i_o hearty_o wish_v that_o any_o reason_n or_o motive_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o promote_v true_a virtue_n and_o piety_n may_v prevail_v as_o far_o as_o they_o deserve_v with_o all_o sincere_a and_o honest_a men._n and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o deter_v i_o from_o suppose_v any_o natural_a law_n innate_a in_o our_o mind_n have_v also_o make_v i_o not_o present_o suppose_v as_o many_o do_v without_o any_o due_a proof_n that_o such_o idea_n have_v exi_v in_o the_o divine_a intellect_n from_o all_o eternity_n and_o therefore_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o more_o proper_a and_o necessary_a to_o begin_v from_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o know_v and_o familiar_a to_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o prove_v that_o certain_a proposition_n of_o immutable_a truth_n prescribe_v our_o care_n of_o the_o happiness_n or_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a agent_n consider_v together_o be_v necessary_o imprint_v upon_o our_o mind_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o which_o the_o first_o cause_n perpetual_o determine_v so_o to_o act_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o in_o the_o term_n of_o these_o proposition_n be_v intrinsical_o include_v a_o evident_a declaration_n of_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n in_o the_o very_a intrinsic_a constitution_n of_o thing_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v be_v also_o manifest_a that_o such_o practical_a proposition_n be_v true_o and_o proper_o law_n as_o be_v declare_v and_o establish_v by_o due_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o they_o by_o he_o as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n but_o after_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o law_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o they_o be_v the_o high_a perfection_n or_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o our_o rational_a nature_n it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o a_o perfection_n analogous_fw-la to_o this_o knowledge_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o these_o law_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o whence_o proceed_v not_o only_o our_o own_o natural_a perfection_n but_o also_o the_o most_o wise_a ordination_n of_o all_o effect_n without_o we_o for_o the_o common_a conservation_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a natural_a system_n or_o universe_n which_o our_o eye_n daily_o behold_v for_o that_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o i_o among_o the_o thing_n most_o certain_o prove_v that_o it_o must_v be_v first_o know_v what_o justice_n be_v and_o what_o those_o law_n enjoin_v in_o who_o observation_n all_o justice_n consist_v before_o we_o can_v distinct_o know_v that_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o god_n and_o that_o his_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o we_o as_o a_o pattern_n or_o example_n for_o we_o to_o imitate_v since_o we_o do_v not_o know_v god_n by_o a_o immediate_a intuition_n of_o his_o essence_n or_o perfection_n but_o only_o from_o the_o outward_a effect_n of_o his_o providence_n first_o know_v by_o our_o sense_n and_o experience_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a to_o affix_v attribute_n to_o he_o which_o we_o can_v sufficient_o understand_v or_o make_v out_o from_o thing_n without_o we_o have_v now_o show_v you_o in_o general_a the_o difference_n between_o our_o method_n and_o that_o which_o other_o have_v hitherto_o follow_v it_o be_v fit_a we_o here_o declare_v in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o we_o can_v the_o chief_a head_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o this_o treatise_n suppose_v therefore_o those_o natural_a principle_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o motion_n and_o rest_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v by_o naturalist_n especial_o such_o as_o depend_v upon_o mathematical_a principle_n since_o we_o have_v only_o here_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o to_o deduce_v they_o from_o some_o suppose_a knowledge_n of_o nature_n and_o as_o they_o refer_v to_o our_o moral_a practice_n i_o have_v here_o therefore_o suppose_v all_o the_o effect_n of_o corporeal_a motion_n which_o be_v natural_a and_o necessary_a and_o perform_v without_o any_o intervention_n of_o humane_a liberty_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o two_o which_o mr._n h._n himself_o likewise_o in_o his_o leviathan_n admit_v that_o from_o the_o consideration_n and_o inquisition_n into_o these_o cause_n and_o from_o the_o power_n and_o operation_n of_o natural_a body_n may_v be_v discover_v the_o existence_n of_o one_o eternal_a infinite_a omnipotent_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n so_o that_o every_o motion_n impress_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o our_o sense_n whereby_o the_o mind_n be_v carry_v on_o to_o apprehend_v thing_n without_o we_o and_o to_o give_v a_o right_a judgement_n upon_o they_o be_v a_o natural_a effect_n which_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o other_o inferior_a cause_n owe_v its_o original_a to_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o god_n by_o these_o natural_a motion_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n delineate_v the_o idea_n or_o image_n of_o all_o natural_a and_o moral_a action_n on_o our_o mind_n and_o that_o the_o same_o god_n after_o he_o have_v thus_o make_v we_o draw_v various_a notion_n from_o the_o same_o object_n do_v then_o excite_v we_o to_o compare_v they_o with_o each_o other_o and_o then_o join_v they_o together_o and_o so_o determine_v we_o to_o form_v true_a proposition_n of_o the_o thing_n thus_o single_o receive_v and_o understand_v so_o that_o sometime_o a_o thing_n be_v expose_v whole_a and_o all_o at_o once_o to_o our_o view_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v more_o natural_o consider_v successive_o or_o according_a to_o its_o several_a part_n and_o the_o mind_n thereby_o perceive_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o awhole_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o all_o the_o several_a idea_n of_o the_o particular_a part_n put_v together_o and_o so_o be_v thence_o carry_v on_o to_o make_v a_o proposition_n of_o the_o identity_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o all_o its_o part_n and_o can_v true_o affirm_v that_o the_o same_o cause_n which_o preserve_v the_o whole_a must_v also_o conserve_v all_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o then_o from_o a_o diligent_a contemplation_n of_o all_o these_o proposition_n which_o may_v just_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o the_o more_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o reduceable_a to_o one_o proposition_n from_o who_o fit_a and_o just_a explication_n all_o the_o limit_n or_o exception_n under_o which_o the_o particular_a proposition_n be_v propose_v may_v be_v seek_v for_o and_o discover_v as_o from_o the_o evidence_n of_o that_o one_o proposition_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o this_o or_o the_o like_a sense_n viz._n the_o endeavour_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n conduce_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o several_a part_n or_o member_n in_o which_o our_o own_o felicity_n be_v also_o contain_v as_o part_v thereof_o whereas_o the_o act_n opposite_a to_o this_o endeavour_n do_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o effect_n quite_o opposite_a thereunto_o and_o will_v certain_o procure_v our_o own_o ruin_n or_o misery_n at_o last_o therefore_o the_o whole_a sum_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o three_o thing_n 1._o that_o which_o concern_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o
knowledge_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nature_n §_o 2._o and_o also_o that_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o this_o one_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a that_o prudence_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o duty_n in_o order_n to_o the_o graet_fw-la end_n the_o common_a good_a as_o constancy_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o it_o be_v therefore_o true_a fortitude_n §_o 3._o that_o temperance_n or_o moderation_n in_o all_o corporeal_a pleasure_n be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n that_o under_o love_n and_o benevolence_n be_v contain_v the_o virtue_n of_o innocence_n meekness_n etc._n etc._n §_o 4_o 5._o equity_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 6._o the_o same_o prove_v likewise_o of_o justice_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v we_o either_o by_o natural_a or_o civil_a law_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o a_o natural_a and_o civil_a property_n necessary_a thereunto_o the_o one_o in_o a_o natural_a state_n the_o other_o in_o a_o civil_a society_n §_o 7._o from_o property_n arise_v the_o necessity_n of_o contract_n promise_n gift_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o this_o great_a law_n §_o 8._o from_o this_o natural_a property_n arise_v the_o virtue_n of_o moderation_n set_v bound_n to_o inordinate_a self-love_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a frugality_n no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o render_v we_o not_o burdensome_a not_o injurious_a to_o other_o §_o 9_o the_o natural_a love_n of_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n to_o be_v exercise_v and_o limit_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 10._o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o moral_a virtue_n such_o as_o temperance_n frugality_n etc._n etc._n more_o particular_o explain_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o original_n and_o not_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o §_o 11._o the_o same_o more_o particular_o apply_v and_o make_v out_o in_o every_o particular_a virtue_n which_o constitute_v justice_n §_o 12._o all_o the_o homolitical_a virtue_n i._n e._n such_o as_o respect_v conversation_n or_o the_o due_a use_n of_o speech_n explain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o a_o like_a respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 13_o 14_o 15._o self-love_n and_o self-preservation_n only_o lawful_a in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n §_o 16._o some_o far_a explanation_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o temperance_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v §_o 17._o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v chastity_n a_o virtue_n only_o as_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o good_a and_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 18._o another_o part_n of_o it_o viz._n modesty_n in_o seek_v of_o riches_n honour_n etc._n etc._n virtue_n only_a as_o they_o limit_v our_o self-love_n from_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o we_o have_v need_n of_o or_o deserve_v in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 19_o that_o a_o regard_n to_o this_o great_a rule_n run_v through_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o contain_v under_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n §_o 20._o right_o reason_n explain_v to_o be_v only_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o end_n in_o all_o moral_a action_n towards_o god_n or_o man_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o moral_a rule_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o that_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o other_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n §_o 21._o and_o that_o from_o their_o true_a understanding_n proceed_v all_o the_o certainty_n we_o can_v have_v of_o natural_a law_n notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a latitude_n leave_v we_o for_o indifferent_a action_n §_o 22._o the_o common_a good_a as_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o all_o other_o good_n so_o it_o be_v a_o true_a standard_n or_o measure_n of_o they_o as_o show_v what_o good_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v before_o other_o §_o 23._o it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v learn_v from_o hence_o what_o degree_n of_o passion_n or_o affection_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o common_a good_a and_o consequent_o thereby_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a degree_n and_o proportion_n of_o goodness_n and_o happiness_n §_o 24._o piety_n towards_o god_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n §_o 25._o nothing_o a_o good_a but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n §_o 26._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disquisition_n into_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o be_v that_o which_o make_v all_o moral_a philosophy_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n §_o 27._o a_o brief_a conclusion_n out_o of_o dr._n parker_n demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o content_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n the_o objection_n of_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n platonist_n and_o epicurean_o against_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a the_o objection_n of_o the_o former_a to_o be_v first_o consider_v their_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n to_o imprint_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n on_o our_o mind_n §_o 1._o answer_v thereunto_o out_o of_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n etc._n etc._n §_o 2._o a_o far_a answer_n from_o st._n paul_n that_o the_o visible_a thing_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 3._o the_o laboriousness_n of_o our_o method_n no_o material_a objection_n §_o 4._o a_o explicit_a idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a not_o always_o necessary_a to_o its_o observation_n §_o 5._o another_o objection_n against_o our_o method_n that_o it_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v chief_o good_a to_o himself_o answer_v that_o this_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n though_o i_o grant_v our_o obligation_n to_o it_o as_o a_o law_n can_v extend_v far_o than_o as_o it_o concern_v our_o happiness_n or_o misery_n §_o 6_o 7._o a_o reply_n to_o the_o objection_n of_o the_o epicurean_o the_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n etc._n etc._n to_o permit_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a to_o depend_v upon_o the_o unreasonable_a passion_n and_o lust_n of_o mankind_n answ._n that_o god_n intend_v man_n for_o a_o voluntary_a creature_n to_o be_v move_v by_o moral_a evil_n as_o well_o as_o good_a and_o that_o god_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o restrain_v his_o action_n by_o his_o infinite_a power_n and_o providence_n §_o 8_o 9_o second_o objection_n if_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o so_o many_o nation_n seem_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o it_o many_o live_n without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a §_o 10._o answer_n this_o objection_n be_v of_o no_o more_o weight_n against_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o law_n than_o it_o be_v against_o that_o of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n but_o that_o if_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o ignorance_n it_o proceed_v either_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o creation_n or_o else_o from_o want_n of_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o consider_v these_o thing_n §_o 11._o man_n not_o make_v a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o faculty_n in_o discover_v these_o truth_n no_o objection_n against_o their_o certainty_n §_o 12._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n §_o 13._o this_o objection_n in_o vain_a if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v make_v up_o of_o particular_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o arise_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o common_a or_o general_a good_a which_o though_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o be_v as_o true_a and_o real_a as_o any_o other_o and_o as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n far_o prove_v from_o lock_n be_v essay_n and_o that_o mr._n h._n himself_n can_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o notion_n §_o 14._o mr._n h_n great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o you_o will_v be_v do_v by_o signify_v nothing_o without_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 15._o so_o neither_o that_o of_o preserve_v a_o man_n self_n or_o any_o other_o innocent_a person_n unless_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 16._o not_o only_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o moses_n and_o
case_n propose_v unless_o first_o all_o those_o effect_n which_o may_v proceed_v from_o it_o in_o all_o its_o various_a circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v and_o compare_v together_o so_o that_o the_o contemplation_n both_o of_o the_o cause_n on_o which_o man_n safety_n and_o happiness_n depend_v as_o also_o of_o the_o effect_n which_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o their_o joint_n or_o concur_v force_n and_o endeavour_n must_v necessary_o lead_v our_o mind_n first_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o other_o man_n and_o next_o of_o ourselves_o as_o a_o very_a small_a part_n of_o mankind_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o proceed_v to_o contemplate_v this_o system_fw-la of_o thing_n call_v the_o visible_a world_n but_o more_o especial_o god_n as_o its_o creator_n and_o governor_n according_a to_o the_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n the_o idea_n of_o which_o be_v due_o consider_v and_o digest_v in_o our_o mind_n we_o may_v draw_v from_o thence_o certain_a conclusion_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v or_o determine_v what_o humane_a thing_n and_o action_n be_v certain_o and_o necessary_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v felicity_n or_o wellbeing_a be_v contain_v as_o a_o part_n thereof_o and_o in_o which_o rational_a dictate_v or_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o consist_v §_o 5._o no_o body_n i_o suppose_v will_v think_v it_o necessary_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n that_o i_o shall_v here_o make_v physical_a disquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o sense_n that_o be_v the_o business_n of_o profess_a naturalist_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o we_o to_o show_v that_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o certain_a natural_a and_o easy_a observation_n gather_v from_o common_a experience_n or_o else_o into_o certain_a conclusion_n establish_v upon_o the_o know_a principle_n of_o mathematics_n and_o physics_n by_o which_o i_o do_v not_o only_o mean_v all_o those_o natural_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o body_n but_o also_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o soul_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v or_o inquire_v into_o they_o from_o all_o which_o by_o the_o order_n of_o natural_a cause_n we_o may_v be_v lead_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n their_o creator_n and_o ordainer_n and_o so_o may_v acknowledge_v he_o as_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o all_o these_o excellent_a effect_n since_o this_o nature_n of_o thing_n do_v as_o well_o suggest_v to_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o creator_n as_o of_o the_o thing_n create_v and_o so_o supply_v we_o with_o sufficient_a matter_n from_o which_o we_o may_v deduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o so_o many_o true_a practical_a proposition_n though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n or_o creator_n that_o can_v stamp_v any_o authority_n or_o obligation_n upon_o they_o now_o although_o there_o may_v be_v many_o thing_n collect_v from_o our_o knowledge_n of_o several_a being_n in_o the_o world_n that_o may_v serve_v for_o our_o moral_a instruction_n and_o the_o cultivate_a of_o our_o manner_n yet_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n only_o select_v some_o of_o the_o most_o material_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o explain_v our_o short_a account_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o notwithstanding_o several_a author_n have_v so_o much_o enlarge_v upon_o it_o i_o think_v may_v very_o well_o be_v reduce_v to_o this_o single_a proposition_n viz._n the_o most_o universal_a love_n or_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o so_o that_o their_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a by_o this_o benevolence_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o which_o they_o be_v all_o contain_v note_v that_o by_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o a_o fruitless_a desire_n or_o wellwishing_a but_o a_o active_a affection_n exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o piety_n towards_o god_n duty_n towards_o parent_n kindness_n and_o gratitude_n towards_o our_o country_n friends_z and_o relation_n and_o of_o charity_n and_o humanity_n towards_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n as_o often_o as_o any_o opportunity_n offer_v itself_o §_o 6._o in_o the_o make_n out_o of_o which_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v here_o needless_a to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n since_o the_o former_a have_v be_v so_o learned_o perform_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n ward_n late_a bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o the_o latter_a so_o exact_o do_v already_o in_o english_a by_o the_o above_o mention_v author_n of_o the_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n i_o shall_v only_o brief_o suppose_v upon_o his_o principle_n that_o our_o soul_n do_v 1._o from_o the_o very_a birth_n by_o degree_n receive_v idea_n draw_v from_o outward_a object_n by_o our_o sense_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v their_o faculty_n from_o divers_a single_a notion_n or_o idea_n put_v together_o to_o come_v to_o make_v complex_fw-la one_o that_o be_v to_o make_v divers_a proposition_n or_o conclusion_n not_o only_o concern_v their_o own_o inward_a act_n but_o also_o about_o all_o those_o outward_a object_n with_o which_o they_o be_v daily_o conversant_a and_o which_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o find_v out_o the_o ready_a mean_n of_o attain_v to_o and_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n and_o condition_n they_o be_v able_a to_o acquire_v these_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o far_a description_n of_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n since_o every_o person_n can_v but_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o its_o nature_n degree_n and_o various_a operation_n that_o will_v but_o make_v any_o selfreflection_n upon_o his_o own_o inward_a affection_n §_o 7._o but_o as_o for_o the_o due_a connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n in_o which_o its_o truth_n do_v chief_o consist_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o plain_a enough_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o affirm_v that_o our_o endeavour_n of_o procure_v all_o the_o good_a thing_n in_o our_o power_n and_o which_o be_v most_o conduce_v to_o our_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n be_v the_o best_a or_o chief_a thing_n that_o all_o person_n can_v do_v to_o render_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o happy_a as_o their_o nature_n will_v permit_v or_o can_v require_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a or_o more_o powerful_a mean_n to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v obtain_v a_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o good_a thing_n of_o this_o life_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o that_o to_o come_v than_o by_o endeavour_v our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o so_o that_o from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o advance_v the_o reader_n may_v collect_v these_o two_o proposition_n 1._o that_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o natural_a happiness_n consist_v in_o a_o habitual_a determination_n of_o the_o will_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o its_o ability_n and_o perfection_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v always_o ready_a and_o prepare_v to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n 2._o that_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o each_o individual_a person_n can_v be_v separate_v from_o that_o of_o other_o rational_n since_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o differ_v from_o all_o its_o part_n take_v together_o so_o that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v this_o general_a or_o diffusive_a benevolence_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n not_o to_o mean_v or_o only_o intend_v what_o any_o single_a or_o a_o few_o person_n may_v perform_v towards_o the_o procure_n of_o their_o own_o private_a happiness_n or_o that_o of_o their_o own_o party_n or_o faction_n distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n but_o what_o all_o particular_a person_n may_v joint_o contribute_v to_o render_v themselves_o and_o other_o happy_a that_o be_v what_o each_o of_o they_o may_v rational_o perform_v towards_o the_o obtain_n this_o common_a felicity_n for_o it_o ought_v first_o to_o be_v know_v in_o general_a what_o all_o man_n be_v able_a to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v towards_o any_o common_a end_n such_o as_o be_v the_o common_a happiness_n of_o rational_n and_o than_o what_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o particular_a person_n in_o this_o or_o that_o case_n to_o perform_v for_o example_n towards_o his_o own_o private_a happiness_n as_o separate_v from_o
§_o 12._o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v that_o together_o with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o visible_a world_n of_o which_o ourselves_o make_v but_o a_o small_a part_n there_o be_v likewise_o convey_v into_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n a_o certain_a knowledge_n 1._o of_o divers_a natural_a outward_a good_n 2._o and_o those_o not_o only_o peculiar_a to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o common_a to_o all_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n 3._o of_o which_o good_n some_o be_v great_a than_o other_o and_o that_o good_a which_o have_v none_o that_o we_o know_v excel_v it_o we_o may_v call_v the_o great_a or_o high_a 4._o also_o of_o those_o some_o be_v common_o in_o our_o power_n other_o we_o understand_v to_o exceed_v the_o narrow_a limit_n of_o our_o humane_a force_n but_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v by_o two_o several_a way_n discover_v to_o we_o either_o more_o confuse_o by_o common_a experience_n and_o daily_a observation_n or_o else_o more_o distinct_o from_o experimental_a philosophy_n and_o the_o mathematics_n the_o former_a of_o these_o method_n be_v easy_a and_o obvious_a to_o every_o one_o i_o shall_v rather_o make_v use_n of_o that_o whereas_o the_o other_o will_v be_v only_o proper_a for_o philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n since_o the_o ground_n or_o principle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n aught_o to_o be_v alike_o evident_a to_o the_o illiterate_a as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o learned_a for_o all_o be_v under_o the_o like_a obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o such_o vulgar_a and_o easy_a observation_n which_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v dispute_v or_o deny_v and_o such_o as_o from_o which_o i_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o knowledge_n and_o coherence_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v evident_o be_v deduce_v §_o 13._o our_o first_o natural_a observation_n therefore_o be_v that_o by_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o food_n clothe_v house_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o by_o that_o help_n or_o assistance_n which_o one_o or_o more_o person_n can_v afford_v each_o other_o man_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o live_v as_o happy_o and_o content_o for_o several_a year_n as_o their_o frail_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o these_o effect_n be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a but_o necessary_a to_o our_o nature_n be_v natural_o good_a as_o tend_v to_o their_o preservation_n or_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n man_n affection_n from_o whence_o these_o outward_a thing_n and_o act_n do_v proceed_v and_o which_o produce_v all_o these_o good_a effect_n be_v conceive_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o good_a will_n or_o benevolence_n which_o must_v be_v also_o good_a since_o whatever_o goodness_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o effect_n must_v be_v likewise_o in_o the_o cause_n and_o we_o be_v also_o sensible_a that_o by_o this_o benevolence_n we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o help_v ourselves_o or_o some_o few_o person_n but_o many_o other_o as_o well_o by_o our_o advice_n as_o by_o our_o strength_n and_o industry_n especial_o when_o we_o see_v divers_a other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n who_o be_v able_a and_o seem_v also_o willing_a to_o requite_v we_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n so_o that_o each_o of_o we_o in_o particular_a may_v be_v provide_v with_o a_o sufficient_a stock_n of_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n by_o our_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n all_o which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v want_v to_o we_o but_o we_o shall_v be_v expose_v to_o innumerable_a mischief_n and_o hazard_n as_o also_o to_o a_o great_a want_n even_o of_o necessary_n if_o all_o person_n look_v only_o to_o themselves_o shall_v always_o show_v themselves_o ill-natured_a malevolent_a and_o enemy_n towards_o other_o rational_a being_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a endeavour_n be_v thus_o helpful_a and_o necessary_a to_o so_o many_o other_o may_v easy_o and_o natural_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n a_o notion_n of_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o from_o the_o obvious_a similitude_n of_o rational_a being_n to_o each_o other_o must_v equal_o respect_v all_o those_o which_o we_o have_v opportunity_n or_o occasion_n of_o know_v or_o converse_v with_o as_o also_o those_o with_o who_o we_o have_v not_o §_o 14._o and_o i_o may_v add_v far_o from_o constant_a experience_n that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o assistance_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n because_o their_o nature_n and_o consequent_o what_o be_v good_a or_o destructive_a to_o it_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o ourselves_o than_o of_o other_o creature_n for_o as_o our_o nature_n be_v capable_a of_o more_o and_o great_a good_n than_o they_o and_o in_o the_o attain_n of_o which_o we_o can_v better_o assist_v each_o other_o so_o we_o must_v also_o confess_v it_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o great_a danger_n and_o calamity_n for_o the_o decline_a and_o remove_v of_o which_o god_n have_v appoint_v our_o mutual_a benevolence_n express_v by_o our_o endeavour_n and_o assistance_n of_o each_o other_o as_o the_o most_o suitable_a and_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o §_o 15._o and_o we_o may_v also_o observe_v that_o by_o our_o advice_n and_o counsel_n communicate_v by_o apt_a sign_n or_o word_n we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v many_o help_n and_o conveniency_n of_o life_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n of_o which_o other_o animal_n be_v altogether_o uncapable_a either_o of_o act_v or_o receive_v and_o far_o because_o of_o the_o similitude_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n with_o ourselves_o we_o can_v but_o think_v it_o agreeable_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n to_o do_v or_o to_o procure_v the_o like_a thing_n for_o they_o as_o for_o ourselves_o and_o can_v also_o be_v sensible_a of_o great_a motive_n to_o benefit_n man_n than_o other_o creature_n since_o we_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n to_o hope_v that_o those_o we_o have_v thus_o do_v good_a to_o or_o oblige_v be_v move_v by_o our_o benefit_n will_v make_v we_o a_o suitable_a return_n whenever_o it_o lie_v in_o their_o power_n and_o that_o they_o may_v one_o time_n or_o other_o in_o the_o like_a or_o some_o other_o way_n oblige_v we_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o common_a experience_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o large_a possession_n nor_o any_o sure_a defence_n for_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a piety_n towards_o god_n the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o the_o most_o diffusive_a love_n and_o sincere_a benevolence_n of_o all_o person_n towards_o each_o other_o since_o if_o they_o prove_v malevolent_a or_o ill-natured_a they_o may_v easy_o bereave_v we_o of_o all_o thing_n we_o enjoy_v together_o with_o our_o life_n itself_o nor_o can_v the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o other_o be_v obtain_v by_o any_o more_o certain_a or_o powerful_a mean_n than_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v show_v himself_o so_o affect_v in_o his_o action_n towards_o other_o as_o he_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v towards_o himself_o that_o be_v love_v and_o benevolent_a upon_o all_o occasion_n though_o more_o particular_o to_o those_o to_o who_o we_o be_v oblige_v by_o friendship_n or_o relation_n §_o 16._o last_o of_o all_o the_o same_o experience_n that_o demonstrate_v the_o mutual_a benevolence_n of_o particular_a person_n to_o be_v the_o most_o powerful_a cause_n of_o their_o felicity_n do_v as_o necessary_o teach_v we_o from_o a_o like_a parity_n of_o reason_n that_o the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o any_o great_a number_n of_o man_n towards_o any_o the_o like_a number_n have_v alike_o proportionable_a effect_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o constant_a malice_n or_o ill-will_a of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o express_v by_o suitable_a action_n will_v soon_o bring_v destruction_n to_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n since_o it_o will_v soon_o destroy_v all_o the_o cause_n requisite_a to_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a and_o introduce_v a_o perpetual_a enmity_n and_o war_n which_o be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a misery_n and_o calamity_n which_o can_v befall_v mankind_n all_o which_o though_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v yet_o he_o will_v not_o own_o the_o necessity_n of_o man_n mutual_a love_n and_o concord_n to_o be_v also_o as_o necessary_a to_o their_o preservation_n but_o why_o the_o cause_n of_o man_n preservation_n and_o happiness_n as_o be_v prior_n in_o nature_n shall_v not_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o those_o of_o their_o destruction_n since_o the_o one_o be_v altogether_o as_o evident_a and_o necessary_a and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o foresee_v and_o prevent_v as_o the_o other_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v
occupancy_n or_o possession_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o more_o exact_a property_n or_o dominion_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o limit_v use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n in_o order_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o part_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v thus_o agree_v to_o it_o than_o the_o bare_a occupancy_n or_o possession_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v before_o such_o a_o division_n make_v or_o agree_v upon_o nor_o can_v it_o now_o be_v alter_v however_o perhaps_o hard_a and_o unequal_a it_o may_v prove_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n since_o it_o will_v always_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o each_o particular_a civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n that_o it_o shall_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v still_o alter_v according_a to_o every_o man_n be_v particular_a fancy_n or_o interest_n since_o such_o a_o change_n can_v never_o be_v make_v without_o inconceivable_a discontent_n and_o civil_a dissension_n which_o will_v quick_o end_v in_o open_a violence_n and_o hostility_n §_o 30._o so_o that_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o there_o be_v no_o right_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n of_o do_v whatever_o his_o own_o wild_a fancy_n or_o unbounded_a appetite_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o but_o only_o what_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n true_o judge_v necessary_a to_o his_o own_o or_o family_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n therefore_o i_o here_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o whatever_o right_o we_o enjoy_v even_o to_o the_o thing_n most_o necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n it_o be_v found_v if_o not_o in_o the_o precept_n yet_o at_o least_o permission_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n when_o we_o true_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n concern_v the_o mean_n necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n so_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o any_o one_o have_v a_o right_a of_o preserve_v himself_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o make_v out_o how_o this_o right_a of_o self-preservation_n conduce_v to_o or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o this_o common_a good_n since_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v ever_o believe_v that_o god_n intend_v the_o preservation_n much_o less_o the_o sensual_a pleasure_n of_o any_o one_o man_n as_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n which_o principle_n be_v once_o establish_v as_o the_o foundation_n and_o original_a of_o all_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n we_o enjoy_v our_o own_o natural_a power_n and_o right_n will_v appear_v so_o limit_v thereby_o that_o we_o can_v without_o injury_n and_o injustice_n violate_v or_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o other_o much_o less_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n against_o they_o without_o just_a cause_n nay_o all_o those_o argument_n by_o which_o any_o one_o man_n can_v assume_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v himself_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v likewise_o be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o preserve_v other_o also_o and_o that_o it_o can_v never_o become_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o any_o state_n to_o rob_v innocent_a person_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o wellbeing_a and_o preservation_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o man_n natural_a right_n shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o mischief_n of_o unreasonable_a violence_n and_o war_n and_o contention_n which_o natural_a security_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonweal_n be_v high_o improve_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o humane_a skill_n and_o industry_n according_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o property_n or_o dominion_n §_o 31._o i_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o the_o particular_a action_n above_o mention_v and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o by_o consider_v their_o relation_n to_o this_o great_a end_n the_o nature_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v more_o certain_o be_v know_v and_o predetermine_v since_o the_o dependence_n of_o natural_a effect_n on_o their_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o immutable_a for_o as_o well_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o community_n as_o of_o civil_a society_n or_o separate_v property_n those_o humane_a action_n which_o cause_n or_o procure_v that_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o other_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o error_n lie_n or_o perfidiousness_n nor_o their_o body_n hurt_v nor_o their_o life_n good_n fame_n and_o chastity_n violate_v or_o take_v away_o and_o also_o by_o which_o a_o grateful_a return_n be_v render_v to_o those_o that_o have_v do_v we_o good_a or_o in_o short_a all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o more_o be_v procure_v without_o injury_n to_o other_o as_o they_o always_o be_v so_o they_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o moral_a virtue_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a demonstrate_v in_o this_o discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o show_v how_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v derive_v from_o and_o at_o last_o resolve_v into_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o least_o the_o variousness_n of_o the_o observation_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o their_o independance_n upon_o each_o other_o shall_v render_v they_o perplex_v and_o consequent_o unconvince_v to_o common_a reader_n who_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v so_o long_a a_o train_n of_o consequence_n in_o their_o mind_n i_o shall_v contract_v what_o have_v be_v now_o say_v into_o these_o few_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o though_o all_o particular_a man_n be_v mortal_a and_o but_o of_o a_o short_a duration_n yet_o that_o god_n have_v still_o preserve_v mankind_n without_o any_o sensible_a failure_n or_o decay_n 2._o that_o in_o order_n to_o this_o god_n have_v make_v man_n to_o be_v propagate_v by_o generation_n and_o also_o to_o be_v preserve_v by_o divers_a outward_a mean_n which_o we_o call_v necessary_n of_o life_n 3._o that_o these_o natural_a mean_n can_v no_o way_n answer_v this_o end_n but_o as_o they_o be_v allow_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n and_o occasion_n of_o particular_a person_n during_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n answer_v the_o different_a or_o contrary_a desire_n and_o necessity_n of_o divers_a man_n endeavour_v to_o use_v these_o thing_n after_o contrary_a or_o different_a manner_n 4._o that_o the_o take_v away_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o another_o be_v right_o possess_v of_o do_v not_o only_o cause_v the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o person_n and_o his_o family_n who_o be_v thus_o possess_v of_o they_o but_o by_o cause_v a_o perpetual_a strife_n among_o mankind_n will_v render_v these_o thing_n uncapable_a of_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n 5._o that_o such_o a_o strife_n if_o prosecute_v to_o the_o utmost_a will_v certain_o end_v in_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o particular_a person_n and_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o mankind_n contrary_a to_o god_n design_n 6._o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v rational_o collect_v that_o god_n design_n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o also_o of_o all_o individual_a person_n as_o part_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o subordination_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n thereof_o 7._o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a mean_n to_o procure_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n consist_v first_o in_o divine_a love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o man_n not_o only_o in_o permit_v each_o other_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n but_o also_o in_o make_v a_o settle_a division_n of_o they_o to_o other_o so_o as_o to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o several_a man_n use_n or_o occasion_n which_o dictate_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v our_o true_a happiness_n as_o in_o its_o violation_n our_o great_a misery_n be_v therefore_o true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n and_o indeed_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o observation_n and_o conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o right_a reason_n as_o also_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n draw_v such_o easy_a
and_o obvious_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o we_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n and_o make_v use_n of_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v after_o what_o manner_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o whence_o that_o right_o arise_v we_o have_v to_o they_o i_o come_v now_o to_o make_v the_o like_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o the_o prove_v that_o we_o be_v design_v by_o god_n for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o other_o beside_o ourselves_o and_o that_o in_o the_o do_n of_o this_o we_o procure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n in_o which_o our_o own_o be_v likewise_o include_v to_o perform_v this_o task_n i_o shall_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o quality_n or_o property_n that_o belong_v to_o man_n 1_o as_o a_o mere_a natural_a body_n 2_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o animal_n 3_o such_o as_o be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n endue_v with_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a principle_n than_o brute_n viz._n a_o immortal_a soul_n §_o 2._o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o as_o a_o natural_a body_n he_o be_v endue_v with_o these_o property_n common_a to_o all_o other_o natural_a body_n first_o that_o all_o his_o motion_n in_o which_o his_o life_n strength_n and_o health_n consist_v do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o and_o original_a or_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o be_v necessary_o complicate_v with_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n among_o which_o the_o corporeal_a motion_n of_o other_o which_o do_v often_o limit_v and_o restrain_v our_o own_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o to_o be_v consider_v 2_o that_o from_o they_o as_o from_o other_o body_n motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v indefinite_o and_o which_o do_v not_o perish_v but_o concur_v with_o other_o motion_n to_o perpetuate_v the_o succession_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v contribute_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o as_o the_o former_a teach_v we_o that_o a_o particular_a end_n viz._n our_o own_o preservation_n depend_v upon_o our_o common_a or_o joint_a force_n or_o natural_a power_n so_o this_o latter_a instruct_v we_o that_o such_o power_n and_o motion_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v often_o most_o beneficial_a and_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n forbid_v we_o to_o hope_v for_o or_o endeavour_v our_o own_o private_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o all_o other_o and_o so_o excite_v we_o to_o seek_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o original_a of_o our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n the_o other_o conclusion_n show_v that_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a can_v never_o prove_v in_o vain_a or_o to_o no_o purpose_n since_o it_o concur_v with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o of_o all_o humane_a creature_n therein_o contain_v and_o far_o that_o in_o each_o complicate_v motion_n as_o well_o in_o that_o towards_o which_o divers_a cause_n concur_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o any_o body_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n as_o also_o in_o that_o whereby_o each_o particular_a body_n concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a order_n still_o observe_v whereby_o some_o motion_n be_v necessary_o determine_v by_o other_o in_o a_o continual_a series_n or_o succession_n all_o which_o be_v yet_o govern_v or_o overrule_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o although_o this_o sort_n of_o contemplation_n may_v seem_v remote_a from_o common_a use_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v contemn_v as_o altogether_o unprofitable_a in_o humane_a affair_n for_o it_o make_v we_o more_o distinct_o perceive_v from_o some_o certain_a general_a principle_n how_o necessary_a a_o constant_a and_o certain_a order_n be_v among_o those_o cause_n that_o act_n from_o corporeal_a force_n so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v each_o in_o their_o order_n successive_o concur_v to_o a_o effect_n foresee_v or_o design_v by_o we_o and_o far_o show_v we_o a_o rule_n how_o we_o may_v certain_o judge_v what_o cause_n do_v more_o or_o less_o contribute_v to_o the_o effect_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v so_o that_o from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o these_o cause_n their_o order_n dignity_n or_o power_n in_o respect_n to_o each_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v and_o judge_v of_o and_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o what_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v most_o esteem_v for_o those_o good_a effect_n they_o have_v or_o may_v produce_v as_o also_o which_o be_v most_o diligent_o to_o be_v seek_v for_o the_o obtain_v those_o end_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v also_o know_v that_o those_o cause_n which_o philosopher_n call_v universal_a viz._n god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n as_o proceed_v from_o he_o be_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a or_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n a_o part_n of_o which_o we_o either_o always_o do_v actual_o or_o can_v hope_v to_o enjoy_v §_o 3._o but_o omit_v those_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n to_o influence_n or_o alter_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o among_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o either_o our_o power_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v those_o voluntary_a humane_a motion_n proceed_v from_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o other_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o their_o common_a happiness_n and_o in_o which_o every_o one_o private_a good_n be_v include_v since_o from_o this_o source_n proceed_v all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o man_n innocence_n and_o fidelity_n towards_o each_o other_o be_v preserve_v as_o also_o by_o which_o humanity_n gratitude_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v exert_v and_o perform_v after_o as_o certain_a a_o manner_n as_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n bowel_n nerve_n and_o joint_n in_o a_o animal_n do_v whole_o proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o judgement_n or_o determination_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n due_o consider_v shall_v without_o doubt_n cause_v we_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o contribute_v to_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n and_o may_v make_v we_o also_o diligent_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v by_o other_o so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v nothing_o want_v that_o can_v be_v do_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v not_o be_v render_v as_o happy_a as_o our_o frail_a nature_n in_o this_o will_v allow_v since_o right_a reason_n can_v propose_v no_o high_a or_o noble_a end_n than_o this_o of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n §_o 4._o yet_o whilst_o we_o compare_v the_o aggregate_v body_n of_o mankind_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v act_n by_o corporeal_a force_n with_o the_o natural_a system_n of_o other_o body_n i_o be_o not_o unmindful_a of_o the_o manifest_a difference_n there_o be_v between_o they_o viz._n that_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o mere_a corporeal_a system_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o contiguity_n and_o immediate_a operation_n of_o body_n move_v upon_o other_o that_o be_v to_o be_v move_v by_o they_o without_o any_o sense_n deliberation_n or_o liberty_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o humane_a action_n in_o who_o motion_n and_o operation_n on_o each_o other_o though_o a_o great_a difference_n often_o intervene_v yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o corporeal_a power_n of_o man_n when_o exert_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o motion_n with_o other_o body_n and_o that_o divers_a man_n may_v often_o cooperate_v to_o one_o certain_a effect_n relate_v to_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v of_o other_o so_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n of_o a_o subordination_n between_o humane_a motion_n as_o there_o be_v between_o those_o of_o other_o body_n and_o i_o must_v here_o far_o take_v notice_n that_o man_n have_v frequent_a opportunity_n of_o meet_v together_o and_o also_o many_o other_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v hurt_v or_o help_v each_o other_o by_o word_n write_v or_o other_o action_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o one_o entire_a system_fw-la of_o body_n consist_v of_o several_a particular_a part_n so_o that_o nothing_o almost_o can_v be_v do_v in_o relation_n to_o any_o man_n life_n family_n or_o fortune_n which_o do_v
not_o some_o way_n or_o other_o either_o benefit_n or_o prejudice_n those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o dear_a to_o other_o also_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o any_o one_o body_n in_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n communicate_v itself_o to_o many_o other_o for_o that_o great_a prerogative_n of_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n with_o which_o man_n be_v endue_v supply_v the_o contiguity_n require_v for_o motion_n in_o other_o body_n man_n be_v often_o excite_v to_o action_n by_o certain_a arbitrary_a sign_n or_o word_n by_o which_o they_o understand_v what_o have_v be_v do_v by_o other_o in_o place_n far_o distant_a so_o also_o our_o intellect_n apprehend_v a_o likeness_n of_o desire_n and_o aversion_n between_o those_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o itself_o as_o to_o thing_n necessary_a or_o hurtful_a to_o life_n as_o also_o be_v able_a to_o remember_v other_o man_n action_n towards_o themselves_o or_o those_o they_o love_v be_v from_o thence_o excite_v to_o hope_v for_o or_o expect_v the_o like_a thing_n from_o they_o and_o be_v also_o provoke_v to_o a_o requital_n when_o occasion_n be_v offer_v such_o property_n be_v plain_o natural_a and_o constant_a in_o humane_a nature_n be_v no_o less_o efficacious_a to_o excite_v man_n to_o such_o action_n or_o motion_n than_o a_o mutual_a contact_n between_o body_n be_v to_o communicate_v motion_n between_o all_o the_o part_n of_o any_o corporeal_a system_n §_o 5._o from_o which_o natural_a observation_n it_o be_v plain_o manifest_a that_o particular_a man_n may_v hence_o learn_v that_o both_o their_o great_a security_n from_o evil_a and_o all_o their_o hope_n of_o obtain_v any_o good_a or_o assistance_n from_o other_o towards_o make_v themselves_o happy_a do_v true_o and_o necessary_o depend_v upon_o voluntary_a action_n proceed_v from_o the_o benevolence_n of_o other_o who_o do_v likewise_o themselves_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o like_a mean_n for_o their_o happiness_n and_o safety_n from_o whence_o we_o easy_o perceive_v that_o these_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n of_o man_n towards_o each_o other_o be_v high_o beneficial_a to_o all_o of_o they_o and_o answer_v that_o concourse_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o that_o session_n or_o give_v place_n to_o each_o other_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o motion_n so_o that_o from_o this_o necessity_n of_o these_o mutual_a help_n it_z as_o necessary_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o will_v consult_v his_o own_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n shall_v procure_v as_o far_o as_o he_o be_v able_a the_o good_a will_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o since_o he_o can_v but_o be_v sensible_a that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o afford_v and_o perform_v to_o other_o divers_a like_o office_n of_o kindness_n and_o so_o be_v able_a to_o conspire_v with_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n towards_o the_o same_o end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o weak_a and_o inconsiderable_a force_n of_o any_o one_o man_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o compel_v so_o many_o other_o each_o of_o they_o equal_a if_o not_o superior_a to_o himself_o both_o in_o wit_n and_o power_n to_o yield_v he_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o their_o own_o prejudice_n whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o which_o will_v prove_v as_o impossible_a as_o that_o a_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n place_v in_o one_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n shall_v bear_v down_o several_a other_o hundred_o weight_n put_v on_o the_o opposite_a scale_n so_o likewise_o the_o force_n and_o cunning_a of_o any_o single_a person_n be_v of_o no_o sufficient_a power_n or_o force_n against_o the_o several_a necessity_n counsel_n and_o endeavour_n of_o innumerable_a other_o towards_o their_o own_o and_o the_o common_a good_a without_o any_o consideration_n of_o his_o particular_a happiness_n alone_o therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o this_o natural_a balance_n of_o humane_a power_n that_o man_n may_v be_v more_o certain_o induce_v by_o our_o benevolence_n or_o endeavour_v of_o the_o common_a good_a to_o yield_v we_o those_o thing_n and_o assistance_n we_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o than_o by_o use_v force_n or_o deceit_n which_o mr._n h._n cive_z suppose_n even_o the_o good_a and_o virtuous_a may_v lawful_o exercise_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o only_a natural_a mean_n of_o self-preservation_n in_o his_o imaginary_a state_n of_o nature_n §_o 6._o so_o that_o from_o these_o natural_a observation_n concern_v all_o the_o mean_n necessary_a to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n and_o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o being_n therein_o contain_v we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o all_o thing_n be_v so_o dispose_v that_o not_o the_o least_o quantity_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n can_v ever_o be_v lose_v but_o the_o same_o species_n of_o animal_n be_v still_o continue_v and_o be_v rather_o increase_v than_o lessen_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o cruel_a passion_n and_o unruly_a appetite_n of_o some_o other_o animal_n so_o that_o in_o this_o perpetuity_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n by_o a_o continual_a succession_n of_o thing_n the_o natural_a good_a or_o conservation_n of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n consist_v and_o towards_o which_o it_o be_v carry_v according_a to_o the_o immutable_a law_n of_o motion_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o sufficient_a reason_n give_v why_o the_o conservation_n of_o mankind_n may_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o establish_v by_o as_o certain_a and_o natural_a a_o power_n of_o cause_n as_o the_o successive_a generation_n of_o any_o other_o creature_n since_o they_o depend_v alike_o upon_o the_o last_a nature_n of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n and_o agree_v in_o all_o the_o essential_o of_o animal_n and_o certain_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o rational_a soul_n to_o our_o body_n do_v very_o often_o put_v we_o in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o that_o of_o brute_n but_o can_v never_o make_v we_o in_o a_o worse_o which_o will_v be_v evident_a to_o any_o man_n that_o consider_v the_o benefit_n which_o accrue_v to_o our_o body_n from_o the_o government_n of_o our_o reason_n and_o which_o do_v abundant_o recompense_v some_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o they_o from_o the_o error_n of_o our_o mind_n nay_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o its_o error_n concern_v food_n pleasure_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o our_o body_n proceed_v from_o the_o soul_n be_v yield_v against_o the_o admonition_n of_o reason_n to_o carnal_a appetite_n and_o corporeal_a or_o animal_n passion_n 2._o that_o the_o matter_n and_o motion_n of_o all_o body_n as_o also_o of_o man_n consider_v only_o as_o such_o do_v mechanical_o or_o whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o promote_v the_o motion_n of_o that_o of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n since_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o particular_a body_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n in_o short_a our_o judgement_n concern_v the_o necessary_a mean_n of_o the_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n may_v be_v convince_v from_o these_o natural_a cause_n operate_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o by_o the_o same_o natural_a law_n by_o which_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n be_v preserve_v since_o they_o consist_v in_o these_o two_o rule_n 1._o that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o particular_a person_n towards_o their_o own_o preservation_n be_v as_o plain_o necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n as_o the_o mechanic_n motion_n of_o particular_a body_n be_v to_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o whole_a corporeal_a system_n 2._o that_o the_o power_n of_o particular_a person_n by_o which_o they_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o force_n of_o other_o shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v as_o that_o like_o the_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v or_o lose_v to_o the_o prejudice_n or_o detriment_n of_o the_o whole_a somewhat_o like_o which_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o corporeal_a system_n of_o the_o world_n which_o proceed_v from_o its_o plenitude_n and_o the_o mutual_a contact_n of_o body_n and_o so_o extend_v themselves_o through_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o matter_n but_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a talon_n of_o humane_a reason_n and_o understanding_n to_o observe_v that_o each_o man_n be_v particular_a happiness_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o voluntary_a action_n of_o other_o rational_n after_o a_o much_o noble_a manner_n even_o when_o they_o be_v far_o distant_a and_o can_v therefore_o take_v care_n that_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v in_o like_a manner_n conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n as_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o body_n do_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a corporeal_a system_n which_o will_v be_v true_o perform_v if_o in_o all_o voluntary_a action_n which_o respect_v other_o those_o two_o rule_n
it_o be_v evident_a that_o their_o offspring_n can_v neither_o be_v generate_v or_o preserve_v unless_o those_o of_o different_a sex_n do_v for_o some_o time_n maintain_v peace_n and_o a_o co-habitation_n with_o each_o other_o which_o in_o many_o other_o of_o they_o continues_z much_o long_a than_o the_o bare_a time_n of_o generation_n viz._n for_o the_o whole_a season_n of_o couple_v and_o breed_n up_o of_o their_o young_a one_o and_o in_o divers_a other_o as_o dove_n pigeon_n etc._n etc._n this_o affection_n continue_v like_o marriage_n as_o long_o as_o their_o life_n and_o that_o creature_n be_v excite_v to_o generate_v their_o like_a from_o the_o same_o natural_a cause_n for_o which_o their_o own_o preservation_n be_v procure_v appear_v from_o this_o anatomical_a observation_n that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o nutritious_a juice_n pass_v into_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o propagation_n of_o seed_n and_o the_o whole_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n with_o the_o cause_n that_o produce_v and_o promote_v it_o as_o the_o muscular_a force_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o that_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a artifice_n of_o the_o valve_n in_o the_o vein_n do_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n serve_v for_o the_o particular_a nutrition_n of_o the_o animal_n and_o also_o perform_v the_o more_o public_a duty_n of_o propagation_n of_o the_o species_n whilst_o it_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n send_v down_o part_n of_o that_o matter_n to_o the_o spermatick_a vessel_n out_o of_o which_o the_o seed_n be_v produce_v §_o 13._o but_o leave_v the_o nice_a disquisition_n of_o these_o anatomical_a observation_n to_o naturalist_n and_o physician_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o one_o observation_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o animal_n be_v by_o these_o mean_n impel_v to_o the_o love_n of_o those_o of_o a_o different_a sex_n and_o also_o of_o their_o own_o offspring_n and_o so_o be_v bring_v to_o impart_v some_o of_o that_o self-love_n with_o which_o they_o be_v first_o endue_v to_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n from_o a_o irresistible_a instinct_n of_o nature_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v true_o observe_v of_o man_n that_o after_o they_o be_v marry_v and_o have_v get_v child_n they_o be_v more_o prone_a to_o and_o solicitous_a after_o peace_n than_o before_o but_o that_o this_o desire_n of_o propagation_n dispose_v man_n to_o a_o great_a affection_n towards_o those_o of_o the_o female_a sex_n be_v so_o evident_a that_o it_o need_v no_o proof_n but_o since_o mr._n h._n and_o other_o of_o his_o opinion_n do_v grant_v these_o observation_n concern_v the_o natural_a propension_n of_o creature_n to_o be_v true_a but_o be_v wont_n to_o evade_v they_o by_o affirm_v that_o they_o only_o proceed_v from_o the_o sole_a love_n of_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n and_o that_o all_o the_o action_n proceed_v from_o thence_o tend_v to_o no_o high_a end_n than_o the_o love_n and_o preservation_n of_o themselves_o as_o i_o do_v not_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o discourse_n intend_v to_o dispute_v so_o have_v i_o not_o omit_v to_o answer_v this_o objection_n in_o the_o last_o chapter_n which_o be_v design_v on_o purpose_n for_o answer_v all_o those_o objection_n that_o can_v well_o be_v make_v against_o our_o definition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 14._o the_o last_o general_a observation_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o live_v creature_n may_v be_v take_v from_o that_o sweetness_n and_o pleasure_n they_o take_v and_o enjoy_v in_o those_o action_n and_o passion_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v to_o naturalist_n that_o in_o those_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n desire_v hope_v joy_n especial_o when_o employ_v about_o any_o great_a good_a towards_o other_o the_o vital_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o heart_n be_v then_o high_o help_v and_o promote_v so_o that_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o mild_a and_o noble_a juice_n whilst_o brisk_a and_o more_o active_a spirit_n be_v thereby_o generate_v and_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o consequent_o all_o the_o other_o animal_n function_n be_v more_o easy_o and_o nimble_o perform_v so_o that_o by_o those_o very_a affection_n by_o which_o they_o do_v good_a to_o animal_n of_o their_o own_o kind_a they_o themselves_o be_v also_o satisfy_v and_o delight_v and_o as_o far_o as_o they_o feel_v this_o natural_o root_v in_o their_o very_a nature_n they_o must_v needs_o incline_v to_o these_o affection_n so_o high_o conduce_v to_o their_o own_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o hatred_n envy_n fear_v and_o that_o sadness_n and_o ill-humour_n which_o necessary_o spring_v from_o those_o sour_a and_o immoderate_a passion_n the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v obstruct_v and_o the_o heart_n render_v more_o heavy_a and_o unapt_a to_o motion_n so_o that_o it_o thereby_o expel_v the_o blood_n with_o great_a difficulty_n in_o its_o systole_n from_o whence_o proceed_v meagerness_n and_o paleness_n of_o the_o countenance_n with_o innumerable_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o whole_a oeconomy_n of_o the_o body_n but_o chief_o in_o the_o function_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o nerve_n such_o as_o be_v those_o disease_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o spleen_n deep_a melancholy_n and_o discontent_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v rather_o of_o a_o medicinal_a consideration_n i_o shall_v but_o only_o just_a mention_n they_o though_o the_o write_n of_o physician_n may_v yield_v we_o divers_a example_n of_o such_o who_o have_v hasten_v their_o own_o fate_n through_o immoderate_a envy_n and_o regret_n that_o they_o can_v not_o satisfy_v their_o malice_n or_o revenge_n of_o which_o i_o may_v chance_v to_o give_v you_o a_o taste_n when_o i_o come_v to_o consider_v the_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o punishment_n proceed_v from_o the_o undue_a and_o immoderate_a exercise_n of_o those_o passion_n §_o 15._o but_o as_o mr._n h._n and_o his_o disciple_n can_v deny_v these_o natural_a propension_n in_o brute_n creature_n towards_o mutual_a concord_n so_o they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o evade_v these_o instance_n but_o by_o suppose_v some_o thing_n in_o man_n nature_n that_o render_v he_o worse_o nature_a and_o more_o unmanageable_a than_o bear_n wolf_n etc._n etc._n that_o so_o be_v natural_o in_o a_o perpetual_a state_n of_o war_n they_o can_v no_o way_n be_v keep_v from_o destroy_v each_o other_o but_o by_o some_o common_a supreme_a power_n set_v over_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o all_o in_o awe_n which_o argument_n and_o the_o answer_n to_o they_o since_o by_o their_o length_n they_o will_v too_o much_o perplex_v the_o connexion_n of_o this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o man_n nature_n consider_v as_o a_o animal_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o in_o which_o alone_o he_o excel_v other_o creature_n that_o can_v lay_v any_o necessity_n upon_o he_o of_o be_v more_o fierce_a and_o unsociable_a than_o brute_n §_o 16._o have_v now_o dispatch_v these_o common_a and_o easy_a observation_n concern_v man_n consider_v as_o a_o mere_a body_n and_o also_o such_o as_o concern_v his_o nature_n as_o a_o animal_n tend_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o his_o own_o species_n be_v one_o great_a end_n and_o design_n of_o god_n in_o his_o creation_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v those_o particular_n in_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n excel_v that_o of_o brute_n and_o whereby_o he_o be_v render_v much_o more_o capable_a than_o they_o of_o promote_a and_o perform_v this_o great_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n which_o i_o shall_v divide_v into_o two_o head_n either_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o body_n or_o else_o to_o the_o soul_n or_o mind_n as_o to_o the_o former_a though_o there_o be_v divers_a anatomical_a observation_n make_v by_o curious_a anatomist_n and_o learned_a physician_n concern_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o inward_a part_n or_o vessel_n in_o man_n and_o brute_n yet_o i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o our_o purpose_n and_o which_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v what_o be_v the_o natural_a cause_n of_o that_o excellency_n and_o superiority_n that_o be_v common_o find_v in_o humane_a intellect_n above_o those_o of_o brute_n the_o first_o of_o which_o observation_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o large_a quantity_n of_o brain_n which_o be_v find_v in_o humane_a body_n and_o which_o bear_v a_o much_o great_a proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o bulk_n than_o in_o any_o other_o creature_n for_o though_o the_o weight_n
example_n than_o nature_n i_o desire_v they_o to_o show_v i_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n so_o barbarous_a that_o do_v not_o go_v upon_o two_o leg_n as_o well_o as_o we_o and_o though_o child_n it_o be_v true_a before_o they_o can_v go_v must_v crawl_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o upon_o their_o hand_n and_o foot_n but_o knee_n for_o a_o man_n leg_n as_o be_v notorious_a to_o anatomist_n be_v so_o much_o long_a than_o his_o arm_n and_o be_v likewise_o so_o set_v on_o that_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o move_v in_o right-angle_n with_o the_o arm_n or_o foreleg_n as_o in_o brute_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o some_o beast_n as_o ape_n monkey_n and_o bear_n can_v sometime_o go_v upon_o their_o hind-feet_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o constant_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o present_a necessity_n be_v over_o they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o natural_a posture_n to_o conclude_v i_o think_v i_o may_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n to_o judge_v whether_o from_o all_o these_o natural_a observation_n from_o the_o frame_n of_o humane_a body_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o passion_n it_o do_v not_o evident_o appear_v that_o man_n happiness_n and_o subsistence_n in_o this_o life_n be_v not_o design_v by_o god_n to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o particular_a sensual_a pleasure_n or_o the_o mere_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o present_a appetite_n and_o passion_n restrain_v to_o himself_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_a but_o be_v rather_o intend_v for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n §_o 20._o have_v now_o dispatch_v those_o natural_a observation_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o constitution_n or_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n in_o order_n to_o the_o render_v he_o capable_a of_o serve_v the_o common_a good_a in_o the_o propagation_n of_o his_o species_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o head_n before_o lay_v down_o viz._n those_o excellency_n or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o humane_a soul_n or_o mind_n and_o in_o which_o he_o excel_v all_o other_o creature_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n mr._n 12._o h._n very_o well_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n to_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o event_n they_o see_v and_o that_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v a_o beginning_n to_o judge_v also_o that_o it_o have_v a_o cause_n which_o determine_v the_o same_o to_o begin_v when_o it_o do_v and_o also_o whereas_o there_o be_v no_o other_o felicity_n among_o beast_n but_o the_o enjoy_n their_o daily_a food_n ease_n and_o lust_n as_o have_v little_a or_o no_o foresight_n of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o want_v of_o observation_n and_o memory_n of_o the_o order_n consequence_n and_o dependence_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o see_v man_n alone_o observe_v how_o one_o event_n have_v be_v produce_v by_o another_o and_o therein_o remember_v the_o antecedence_n and_o consequence_n whence_o he_o certain_o must_v be_v endue_v with_o a_o large_a capacity_n for_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n without_o himself_o and_o be_v also_o able_a to_o make_v more_o curious_a and_o exact_a search_n into_o their_o cause_n and_o effect_n than_o the_o most_o sagacious_a brute_n who_o though_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o some_o few_o appetite_n or_o inclination_n towards_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n and_o a_o aversion_n for_o other_o that_o be_v hurtful_a to_o they_o yet_o this_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n stamp_v by_o god_n on_o their_o very_a nature_n and_o not_o from_o reason_n or_o deliberation_n as_o young_a wild-duck_n they_o say_v will_v run_v away_o from_o a_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v hatch_v and_o chicken_n know_v the_o kite_n though_o they_o never_o see_v she_o before_o and_o this_o not_o from_o any_o experience_n or_o rational_a deduction_n but_o as_o for_o man_n it_o be_v his_o faculty_n alone_o to_o proceed_v from_o some_o know_a principle_n to_o draw_v rational_a deduction_n or_o conclusion_n which_o be_v not_o know_v before_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o faculty_n we_o call_v right_o reason_n or_o ratiocination_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o bear_v with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o property_n belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o mere_a animal_n since_o we_o see_v child_n till_o they_o come_v to_o some_o year_n and_o fool_n and_o mad_a folk_n act_v without_o it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o live_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o therefore_o artificial_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o since_o all_o person_n of_o year_n of_o discretion_n and_o who_o will_v give_v themselves_o leisure_n to_o think_v may_v attain_v to_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o it_o for_o the_o well-government_n of_o their_o action_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o discover_v that_o duty_n they_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n which_o notion_n be_v peculiar_a to_o man_n and_o also_o common_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n either_o from_o man_n own_o particular_a observation_n or_o rational_a deduction_n or_o else_o from_o the_o instruction_n of_o other_o who_o themselves_z first_o find_v out_o such_o rational_a conclusion_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o their_o child_n or_o scholar_n with_o their_o first_o element_n of_o speech_n come_v in_o process_n of_o time_n have_v forget_v when_o those_o early_a notion_n be_v first_o instill_a into_o they_o to_o be_v take_v for_o connate_a idea_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v they_o have_v be_v by_o too_o many_o who_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v their_o original_a mistake_v for_o idea_n or_o notion_n impress_v by_o god_n upon_o their_o soul_n but_o leave_v this_o of_o which_o other_o have_v say_v enough_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n man_n have_v be_v always_o able_a to_o find_v out_o sufficient_a remedy_n for_o his_o own_o natural_a weakness_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o several_a art_n such_o as_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n for_o his_o preservation_n and_o cure_n when_o sick_a or_o hurt_v and_o also_o those_o of_o a_o more_o public_a nature_n such_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o policy_n or_o the_o well-government_n of_o common-weal_n of_o navigation_n warfare_n or_o the_o art_n military_a for_o his_o happiness_n and_o defence_n as_o a_o sociable_a creature_n so_o that_o though_o man_n be_v bear_v naked_a and_o without_o those_o natural_a defence_n and_o weapon_n with_o which_o divers_a brute_n be_v furnish_v by_o nature_n yet_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o faculty_n he_o be_v able_a not_o only_o much_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o from_o the_o violence_n and_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o provide_v himself_o with_o clothes_n house_n and_o victual_n beforehand_o since_o nature_n have_v not_o make_v he_o to_o live_v like_o beast_n upon_o those_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o spontaneous_o produce_v but_o can_v also_o tame_a subdue_v and_o kill_v the_o strong_a fierce_a and_o cunning_a brute_n and_o make_v they_o subservient_fw-fr to_o those_o end_n and_o design_n for_o which_o he_o please_v to_o employ_v they_o so_o likewise_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o judge_v of_o consequence_n from_o their_o antecedent_n and_o foresee_v the_o probability_n or_o improbability_n of_o future_a event_n he_o thereby_o distinguish_v between_o real_a and_o apparent_a good_n that_o be_v between_o such_o thing_n that_o may_v please_v for_o the_o present_a and_o do_v afterward_o hurt_v he_o and_o those_o which_o though_o they_o may_v seem_v displease_v for_o a_o time_n yet_o may_v after_o do_v he_o a_o great_a benefit_n which_o principle_n since_o they_o contain_v foundation_n of_o all_o morality_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o particular_o to_o set_v down_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a §_o 21._o first_o it_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v that_o every_o animal_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o natural_a principle_n whereby_o it_o be_v necessary_o incline_v to_o promote_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o wellbeing_a yet_o not_o exclude_v that_o of_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a that_o therefore_o which_o most_o conduce_v to_o this_o end_n be_v call_v a_o natural_a good_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o which_o be_v apt_a to_o obstruct_v and_o hinder_v it_o be_v evil_a among_o which_o good_n and_o evil_n there_o be_v several_a kind_n or_o degree_n according_a as_o thing_n be_v endue_v with_o more_o or_o less_o fitness_n or_o power_n to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v this_o end_n all_o which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a maxim_n or_o proposition_n as_o i_o have_v take_v they_o out_o of_o dr._n moor_n enchiridion_n
unto_o and_o which_o be_v most_o inseparable_o conjoin_v with_o his_o own_o particular_a conservation_n and_o happiness_n but_o whereas_o god_n have_v create_v other_o creature_n to_o act_v for_o their_o own_o present_a satisfaction_n and_o preservation_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o that_o of_o other_o he_o have_v make_v man_n alone_o not_o only_o able_a to_o contribute_v to_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o kind_n but_o have_v also_o make_v he_o sensible_a of_o this_o ability_n and_o i_o shall_v far_o show_v in_o this_o discourse_n that_o he_o have_v lay_v a_o sufficient_a obligation_n on_o he_o to_o exert_v it_o §_o 22._o another_o faculty_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n and_o only_o proper_a to_o man_n as_o a_o sociable_a creature_n be_v that_o of_o speech_n or_o express_v our_o notion_n by_o significant_a word_n or_o sound_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o bear_v with_o we_o yet_o however_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o natural_a faculty_n of_o mankind_n as_o well_o as_o go_v with_o two_o leg_n since_o we_o find_v no_o brute_n creature_n capable_a of_o it_o though_o divers_a of_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o tongue_n like_o we_o and_o that_o divers_a bird_n can_v pronounce_v whole_a sentence_n yet_o have_v they_o no_o notion_n of_o what_o they_o say_v whereas_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n though_o never_o so_o barbarous_a but_o have_v the_o use_n of_o speech_n and_o to_o show_v you_o far_o how_o natural_a some_o sort_n of_o speech_n be_v to_o mankind_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o two_o young_a gentleman_n that_o be_v brother_n and_o i_o know_v one_o of_o they_o myself_o who_o though_o bear_v deaf_a and_o consequent_o dumb_a yet_o by_o often_o and_o long_o conversation_n with_o each_o other_o come_v to_o frame_v a_o certain_a language_n between_o themselves_o which_o though_o it_o seem_v perfect_a gibberish_n to_o the_o stander_n by_o yet_o by_o the_o sole_a motion_n of_o their_o lip_n and_o other_o sign_n they_o perfect_o understand_v each_o other_o which_o be_v likewise_o evident_a from_o this_o that_o in_o the_o dark_a they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o converse_v at_o all_o so_o that_o this_o faculty_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v bestow_v by_o god_n on_o mankind_n not_o for_o his_o preservation_n as_o a_o mere_a animal_n since_o divers_a brute_n be_v able_a to_o subsist_v for_o more_o year_n without_o it_o and_o therefore_o seem_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o render_v man_n a_o sociable_a creature_n and_o who_o be_v by_o this_o faculty_n to_o benefit_v other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o for_o we_o be_v not_o only_o hereby_o able_a to_o impose_v certain_a arbitrary_a name_n to_o particular_a thing_n but_o have_v first_o frame_v universal_a idea_n can_v likewise_o give_v name_n to_o they_o as_o to_o this_o general_a idea_n applicable_a to_o all_o particular_a man_n in_o the_o world_n we_o can_v give_v the_o name_n of_o man_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o main_a difference_n between_o man_n and_o brute_n and_o not_o in_o ratiocination_n alone_o since_o i_o suppose_v even_o brute_n have_v right_a idea_n of_o those_o object_n they_o have_v receive_v by_o their_o sense_n and_o can_v likewise_o infer_v or_o reason_n right_a about_o they_o as_o when_o a_o dog_n by_o often_o see_v his_o master_n take_v down_o his_o stick_n before_o he_o go_v abroad_o do_v thence_o argue_v when_o ever_o he_o do_v so_o that_o his_o go_v abroad_o will_v follow_v express_v his_o joy_n by_o bark_v and_o leap_v yet_o we_o can_v find_v that_o brute_n have_v any_o general_a or_o complex_fw-la idea_n much_o less_o name_n for_o they_o have_v no_o more_o but_o a_o few_o ordinary_a sign_n whereby_o to_o express_v their_o present_a appetite_n and_o passion_n but_o the_o main_a benefit_n of_o speech_n seem_v to_o respect_v other_o more_o than_o ourselves_o since_o we_o be_v hereby_o able_a to_o instruct_v they_o in_o many_o art_n and_o science_n necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n and_o also_o to_o advise_v and_o admonish_v they_o in_o all_o civil_a and_o moral_a duty_n and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o so_o brutish_a who_o be_v not_o sensible_a that_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o faculty_n consist_v one_o of_o the_o great_a pleasure_n of_o humane_a life_n viz._n conversation_n and_o suppose_v man_n in_o a_o state_n of_o war_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o they_o can_v ever_o well_o get_v out_o of_o it_o again_o be_v it_o not_o for_o treaty_n and_o article_n of_o peace_n but_o must_v like_o game_n cock_n and_o bull_n fight_v it_o out_o till_o one_o side_n be_v either_o quite_o destroy_v or_o force_v to_o run_v away_o and_o quit_v that_o territory_n or_o country_n where_o they_o live_v §_o 23._o nor_o can_v we_o omit_v another_o great_a benefit_n we_o receive_v from_o speech_n viz._n the_o invention_n of_o letter_n by_o which_o we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o register_n our_o present_a thought_n for_o our_o own_o remembrance_n but_o can_v likewise_o profit_v and_o instruct_v not_o only_o the_o present_a but_o also_o all_o future_a generation_n by_o book_n or_o write_n as_o we_o do_v now_o make_v use_n of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o those_o who_o die_v some_o thousand_o of_o year_n before_o we_o be_v bear_v but_o since_o mr._n h._n and_o other_o have_v make_v some_o objection_n against_o the_o benefit_n of_o speech_n and_o letter_n as_o that_o they_o tend_v oftentimes_o to_o promote_v false_a opinion_n and_o war_n among_o mankind_n grant_v it_o to_o be_v so_o it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o objection_n against_o the_o benefit_n we_o receive_v by_o they_o than_o it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o air_n water_n or_o food_n the_o only_a mean_n of_o life_n be_v hurtful_a to_o mankind_n since_o by_o the_o necessary_a course_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o our_o own_o intemperance_n they_o often_o become_v the_o cause_n of_o plague_n surfeit_n and_o divers_a other_o disease_n whereby_o mankind_n be_v destroy_v yet_o since_o that_o author_n have_v make_v the_o use_n of_o speech_n one_o great_a reason_n why_o man_n can_v live_v so_o peaceable_o as_o brute_n and_o therefore_o fancy_n they_o must_v be_v in_o a_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n i_o shall_v therefore_o refer_v the_o answer_v it_o to_o the_o second_o part_n since_o my_o intention_n be_v not_o here_o to_o argue_v but_o instruct_v §_o 24._o man_n do_v also_o far_o exceed_v brute_n in_o their_o rational_a or_o discursive_a faculty_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o number_n or_o collect_v divers_a single_a thing_n into_o one_o total_a sum_n which_o we_o call_v arithmetic_n so_o necessary_a for_o all_o affair_n of_o a_o civil_a life_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o distributive_a justice_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v a_o art_n and_o that_o divers_a barbarous_a nation_n want_v that_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o it_o which_o we_o have_v yet_o by_o reckon_v upon_o their_o finger_n they_o have_v a_o sufficient_a use_n of_o it_o as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o purpose_n or_o business_n and_o if_o they_o do_v but_o apply_v their_o mind_n to_o it_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o they_o will_v arrive_v to_o the_o same_o perfection_n in_o arithmetic_n as_o we_o do_v but_o i_o look_v upon_o this_o faculty_n as_o peculiar_a to_o mankind_n since_o we_o can_v perceive_v brute_n to_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o it_o thus_o if_o from_o bitch_n or_o sow_n you_o take_v away_o never_o so_o many_o of_o their_o young_a one_o yet_o if_o you_o leave_v they_o but_o one_o or_o two_o they_o do_v not_o miss_v the_o rest_n which_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o number_n whatever_o they_o may_v have_v of_o quantity_n §_o 26._o to_o this_o observation_n may_v likewise_o be_v add_v as_o a_o consequence_n thereof_o that_o faculty_n so_o proper_a to_o mankind_n of_o measure_v the_o quantity_n of_o body_n the_o distance_n between_o they_o and_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o each_o other_o which_o science_n we_o call_v geometry_n or_o mathematics_n which_o art_n be_v certain_o invent_v by_o man_n as_o a_o creature_n intend_v for_o a_o sociable_a life_n since_o on_o some_o of_o these_o depend_v most_o trade_n all_o commerce_n architecture_n navigation_n and_o most_o of_o the_o rule_n of_o distributive_a justice_n with_o other_o art_n needless_a here_o to_o be_v set_v down_o so_o that_o whoever_o will_v but_o serious_o reflect_v upon_o the_o excellency_n of_o these_o science_n as_o well_o in_o the_o certainty_n of_o their_o demonstration_n as_o in_o the_o vast_a and_o stupendous_a effect_n they_o produce_v can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o our_o rational_a faculty_n exceed_v that_o of_o brute_n by_o many_o degree_n §_o 27._o but_o there_o yet_o remain_v behind_o two_o of_o the_o great_a prerogative_n of_o man_n soul_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o which_o alone_o he_o be_v make_v a_o sit_v
god_n have_v give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n they_o shall_v in_o any_o passion_n or_o rash_a and_o inconsiderate_a humour_n fancy_v necessary_a for_o that_o end_n though_o it_o real_o tend_v to_o their_o destruction_n or_o that_o of_o other_o innocent_a man_n so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v think_v the_o blood_n of_o his_o dear_a friend_n will_v cure_v he_o of_o some_o distemper_n he_o lie_v under_o he_o may_v lawful_o upon_o this_o principle_n murder_v he_o if_o he_o can_v do_v it_o safe_o and_o then_o god_n shall_v have_v give_v man_n a_o right_a of_o destroy_v themselves_o and_o other_o whenever_o they_o think_v though_o false_o that_o it_o conduce_v to_o their_o preservation_n the_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o unreasonable_a appetite_n or_o humour_n since_o such_o a_o unlimited_a right_n or_o rather_o licence_n can_v be_v so_o far_o from_o conduce_v to_o any_o man_n preservation_n that_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v ever_o have_v go_v about_o to_o put_v it_o in_o practice_n it_o will_v have_v long_o since_o produce_v not_o only_o their_o own_o destruction_n but_o that_o of_o all_o mankind_n §_o 3._o and_o if_o mr._n h._n his_o own_o definition_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v true_a art_n seven_o of_o this_o chapter_n that_o it_o be_v a_o liberty_n of_o use_v a_o man_n faculty_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n then_o certain_o right_a reason_n can_v never_o judge_v contradictory_n proposition_n to_o be_v true_a as_o that_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o right_n to_o all_o thing_n my_o neighbour_n be_v possess_v of_o and_o his_o life_n into_o the_o bargain_n if_o i_o think_v it_o may_v conduce_v to_o my_o self-preservation_n and_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v likewise_o as_o true_a and_o rational_a a_o conclusion_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o like_a right_n against_o i_o since_o the_o word_n right_o be_v never_o use_v by_o any_o writer_n of_o this_o subject_a but_o with_o respect_n to_o some_o law_n either_o natural_a or_o civil_a which_o mr._n h._n acknowledge_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n art_n one_a in_o these_o word_n but_o since_o all_o do_v grant_v that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o right_a which_o be_v not_o do_v contrary_a to_o right_a reason_n we_o ought_v to_o suppose_v that_o do_v by_o injury_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o which_o contradict_v some_o truth_n collect_v from_o true_a principle_n by_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o be_v do_v by_o injury_n which_o be_v do_v against_o some_o law_n therefore_o right_a reason_n be_v a_o certain_a law_n which_o be_v call_v natural_a since_o it_o be_v not_o less_o a_o part_n of_o humane_a nature_n than_o any_o other_o faculty_n or_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v in_o this_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o treatise_n de_n cive_z §_o 1._o though_o he_o strive_v to_o avoid_v the_o force_n of_o it_o in_o his_o annotation_n to_o this_o article_n where_o by_o right_a reason_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n he_o tell_v we_o he_o do_v not_o thereby_o understand_v as_o many_o do_v any_o infallible_a faculty_n in_o man_n but_o the_o act_n of_o ratiocination_n that_o be_v every_o man_n be_v own_o true_a reason_n concern_v his_o own_o action_n as_o they_o may_v redound_v to_o the_o profit_n or_o hurt_v of_o himself_o or_o other_o man_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o call_v it_o a_o man_n own_o reason_n be_v that_o though_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n the_o reason_n thereof_o that_o be_v the_o civil_a law_n be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o right_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n yet_o out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n where_o no_o man_n can_v distinguish_v right_a reason_n from_o false_a but_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o his_o own_o every_o man_n be_v own_o reason_n be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o rule_n of_o his_o own_o action_n but_o also_o in_o his_o own_o affair_n for_o the_o measure_n of_o all_o other_o man_n reason_n but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o what_o follow_v i_o can_v tell_v when_o he_o call_v right_a reason_n that_o which_o conclude_v from_o true_a principle_n because_o that_o in_o false_a ratiocination_n or_o in_o the_o folly_n of_o man_n not_o observe_v those_o duty_n towards_o other_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o own_o preservation_n consist_v all_o the_o violation_n of_o natural_a law_n but_o how_o false_a ratiocination_n or_o folly_n shall_v give_v they_o a_o right_n to_o all_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o act_v thus_o towards_o other_o i_o can_v apprehend_v but_o from_o these_o word_n of_o mr._n h._n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o though_o i_o do_v not_o suppose_v reason_n to_o be_v any_o infallible_a faculty_n any_o more_o than_o the_o cast_n up_o of_o a_o account_n into_o a_o sum_n total_a though_o false_a to_o be_v right_a arithmetic_n or_o true_a count_a yet_o by_o right_a reason_n when_o it_o be_v not_o erroneous_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o true_a exercise_n of_o that_o faculty_n not_o erroneous_a in_o its_o judgement_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o bare_a act_n of_o ratiocination_n but_o in_o its_o true_a effect_n that_o be_v when_o true_a proposition_n or_o premise_n be_v lay_v up_o in_o the_o memory_n those_o conclusion_n be_v draw_v from_o thence_o which_o when_o they_o be_v practical_a and_o contain_v true_a moral_a rule_n of_o life_n be_v call_v law_n of_o nature_n §_o 4._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n the_o public_a reason_n or_o law_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v always_o take_v for_o right_a for_o than_o if_o the_o law_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v enact_v parricide_n ingratitude_n and_o breach_n of_o faith_n to_o be_v exercise_v as_o virtue_n and_o to_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n they_o will_v present_o become_v so_o which_o i_o suppose_v neither_o this_o author_n nor_o any_o rational_a man_n will_v affirm_v nor_o be_v his_o other_o proposition_n any_o true_a that_o out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n no_o man_n can_v distinguish_v right_a reason_n from_o false_a but_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o his_o own_o and_o therefore_o that_o must_v be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o his_o action_n from_o whence_o he_o deduce_v the_o right_a of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o argument_n i_o shall_v reduce_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o syllogism_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_a judge_n of_o its_o truth_n it_o be_v lawful_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n for_o every_o one_o to_o possess_v all_o thing_n and_o to_o do_v all_o thing_n towards_o all_o man_n which_o some_o judge_n shall_v judge_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o life_n and_o member_n but_o those_o thing_n that_o every_o man_n himself_o shall_v judge_v to_o be_v necessary_a to_o his_o preservation_n those_o the_o only_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n judge_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o this_o end_n for_o he_o have_v prove_v before_o that_o himself_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n therefore_o to_o have_v and_o do_v all_o thing_n etc._n etc._n be_v necessary_a for_o a_o man_n be_v own_o preservation_n in_o which_o syllogism_n the_o major_n be_v certain_o false_a because_o though_o a_o man_n self_n be_v the_o sole_a judge_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n yet_o he_o may_v give_v a_o false_a sentence_n and_o suppose_v those_o thing_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n which_o real_o be_v not_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n any_o more_o than_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n the_o bare_a sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n shall_v confer_v a_o true_a and_o equitable_a right_n on_o any_o man_n to_o a_o estate_n if_o the_o judge_n determine_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o equity_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n a_o man_n be_v own_o judgement_n can_v confer_v no_o right_n upon_o he_o when_o he_o quit_v the_o only_a true_a rule_n of_o his_o judgement_n which_o in_o this_o state_n can_v only_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o right_a reason_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o mankind_n from_o whence_o only_o they_o be_v draw_v nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o state_n suppose_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n of_o humane_a judgement_n or_o that_o whatsoever_o a_o man_n mind_n shall_v rash_o suppose_v thing_n to_o be_v that_o they_o must_v present_o become_v such_o as_o he_o have_v fancy_v they_o since_o the_o utility_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o humane_a nature_n depend_v not_o upon_o man_n rash_a judgement_n but_o upon_o the_o force_n of_o their_o natural_a cause_n and_o a_o man_n by_o thus_o false_o judge_v that_o he_o have_v a_o right_a
to_o all_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o that_o they_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n can_v no_o more_o make_v they_o become_v so_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v judge_v that_o ratsbane_n be_v sugar-candy_n it_o will_v be_v thereby_o present_o turn_v into_o wholesome_a food_n so_o likewise_o those_o general_n and_o universal_a cause_n which_o procure_v the_o preservation_n or_o mischief_n of_o mankind_n do_v depend_v upon_o such_o fix_a principle_n in_o nature_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o judge_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o single_a man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n §_o 5._o but_o this_o error_n of_o mr._n h._n concern_v the_o force_n of_o his_o sentence_n which_o thus_o false_o pronounce_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n and_o thereby_o to_o confer_v a_o right_a thereunto_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o civil_a state_n the_o sentence_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n or_o judge_n have_v that_o force_n with_o the_o subject_n that_o whether_o his_o sentence_n be_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n or_o natural_a equity_n or_o not_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o to_o be_v obey_v and_o submit_v to_o whereas_o this_o submission_n proceed_v whole_o from_o their_o consent_n who_o institute_v the_o commonwealth_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a good_a and_o for_o the_o put_v some_o end_n to_o controversy_n since_o all_o the_o subject_n must_v submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n or_o magistrate_n whether_o it_o be_v right_a or_o wrong_n because_o they_o be_v all_o satisfy_v that_o it_o conduce_v more_o to_o their_o common_a quiet_a and_o safety_n that_o some_o few_o shall_v sometime_o suffer_v through_o a_o unjust_a judgement_n than_o that_o controversy_n shall_v be_v endless_a or_o at_o least_o not_o without_o civil_a war_n or_o disturbance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v only_o from_o a_o great_a care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a than_o of_o the_o life_n or_o estate_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n that_o lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o this_o prerogative_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v belong_v to_o all_o supreme_a power_n yet_o if_o this_o once_o come_v to_o be_v general_o and_o notorious_o abuse_v by_o constant_a course_n of_o wilful_a violence_n oppression_n and_o injustice_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n can_v long_o bear_v it_o they_o will_v quick_o make_v their_o appeal_n somewhere_o else_o unless_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o predominant_a power_n or_o force_v over_o they_o §_o 6._o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n can_v admit_v of_o any_o final_a judgement_n or_o determination_n of_o a_o doubt_n or_o difference_n beside_o a_o evidence_n either_o from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o from_o that_o trust_n or_o credit_n they_o place_n in_o some_o man_n either_o judgement_n or_o testimony_n whereby_o all_o manner_n of_o doubt_n or_o scruple_n be_v clear_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v and_o that_o it_o appear_v evident_a to_o they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o impose_v upon_o neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o end_n of_o debate_n among_o divers_a pretender_n unless_o one_o party_n be_v convince_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o other_o reason_n come_v over_o to_o his_o or_o their_o opinion_n or_o else_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o integrity_n of_o some_o three_o person_n as_o a_o arbitrator_n do_v willing_o submit_v to_o his_o sentence_n §_o 7._o for_o humane_a nature_n will_v ever_o acknowledge_v a_o difference_n between_o right_a reason_n and_o false_a and_o between_o a_o just_a and_o a_o unjust_a judgement_n and_o it_o be_v only_a truth_n and_o right_a reason_n that_o have_v this_o prerogative_n that_o they_o can_v confer_v a_o right_n on_o we_o of_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o prescribe_v for_o even_o mr._n h._n in_o his_o definition_n of_o right_n acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o liberty_n of_o use_v our_o faculty_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n whereas_o all_o error_n or_o false_a judgement_n whether_o it_o be_v concern_v necessary_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n or_o in_o any_o other_o practical_a matter_n can_v give_v no_o man_n a_o right_a of_o do_v that_o which_o he_o then_o false_o judge_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n and_o therefore_o mr._n h_n conclusion_n where_o he_o acknowledge_v at_o last_o that_o right_a reason_n be_v that_o which_o conclude_v from_o true_a principle_n and_o likewise_o that_o in_o the_o false_a reason_n and_o folly_n of_o man_n in_o not_o understand_v their_o duty_n towards_o other_o man_n consist_v all_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n grant_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v desire_v but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o that_o loose_a definition_n of_o reason_n where_o he_o suppose_v every_o man_n reason_n to_o be_v alike_o right_a i_o desire_v any_o of_o his_o disciple_n to_o show_v i_o therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v only_o allow_v that_o to_o be_v practical_a right_a reason_n which_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o undertake_v thing_n reasonable_a and_o possible_a and_o that_o forbid_v a_o man_n to_o arrogate_v to_o himself_o alone_o a_o dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v needless_a and_o impossible_a indeed_o whole_o pernicious_a to_o his_o preservation_n §_o 8._o but_o to_o avoid_v this_o difficulty_n mr._n h._n and_o his_o follower_n fly_v to_o the_o subterfuge_n of_o a_o natural_a necessity_n in_o man_n that_o so_o judge_v thus_o false_o and_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n and_o therefore_o in_o his_o preface_n to_o this_o treatise_n he_o suppose_v all_o man_n to_o be_v evil_a by_o nature_n and_o make_v they_o necessary_o determine_v by_o their_o appetite_n and_o passion_n before_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o reason_n and_o discipline_n to_o act_v mischievous_o and_o unreasonable_o and_o therefore_o tell_v we_o that_o child_n unless_o you_o give_v they_o every_o thing_n they_o desire_v cry_v and_o be_v angry_a and_o will_v strike_v their_o very_a father_n and_o mother_n and_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n they_o do_v so_o and_o yet_o be_v blameless_a as_o well_o because_o they_o can_v hurt_v as_o also_o that_o want_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n they_o be_v yet_o free_a from_o all_o its_o duty_n but_o the_o same_o person_n when_o grow_v up_o and_o have_v get_v strength_n enough_o to_o hurt_v if_o they_o hold_v on_o to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n they_o then_o begin_v both_o to_o be_v and_o to_o be_v call_v evil_a so_o that_o a_o wicked_a man_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o a_o overgrow_a child_n or_o a_o man_n of_o a_o childish_a disposition_n because_o there_o be_v the_o same_o defect_n of_o reason_n at_o that_o age_n in_o which_o by_o nature_n improve_v by_o discipline_n and_o experience_n of_o its_o inconvenience_n it_o common_o happen_v to_o be_v amend_v so_o likewise_o the_o author_n of_o tractatus_fw-la theologico_fw-la politicus_fw-la who_o more_o open_o than_o mr._n h._n but_o upon_o the_o same_o principle_n endeavour_v to_o destroy_v all_o religion_n both_o natural_a and_o reveal_v argue_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o 16_o chap._n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n first_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o understand_v nothing_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o individual_a according_a to_o which_o we_o conceive_v each_o of_o they_o natural_o determine_v to_o exist_v after_o a_o certain_a manner_n thus_o fish_n be_v ordain_v to_o swim_v and_o the_o great_a one_o to_o devour_v the_o less_o therefore_o fish_n live_v in_o the_o water_n and_o devour_v each_o other_o by_o the_o high_a right_n for_o nature_n consider_v simple_o have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n it_o can_v do_v or_o its_o right_n extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o its_o power_n since_o the_o power_n of_o nature_n be_v but_o the_o power_n of_o god_n who_o have_v the_o high_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n but_o because_o the_o power_n of_o universal_a nature_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o individual_a creature_n together_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o individual_a have_v the_o high_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n it_o can_v do_v that_o be_v it_o extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o its_o power_n and_o since_o it_o be_v the_o first_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o every_o thing_n shall_v endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v itself_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n and_o that_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o other_o creature_n but_o only_o of_o itself_o therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o individual_a have_v the_o high_a right_a to_o exist_v and_o operate_v as_o
there_o have_v be_v some_o sign_n or_o token_n of_o hostility_n express_v §_o 7._o yet_o he_o grant_v there_o be_v never_o such_o a_o condition_n of_o war_n as_o this_o that_o he_o describe_v general_o all_o over_o the_o world_n but_o that_o there_o be_v many_o place_n where_o man_n live_v so_o now_o and_o instance_n in_o many_o savage_a people_n of_o america_n where_o except_o the_o government_n of_o small_a family_n the_o concord_n whereof_o depend_v on_o natural_a lust_n they_o have_v no_o government_n at_o all_o and_o live_v at_o this_o day_n in_o that_o brutish_a manner_n he_o have_v before_o describe_v but_o be_v it_o so_o as_o he_o affirm_v that_o brutish_a way_n of_o live_v which_o be_v in_o too_o many_o particular_n practise_v by_o these_o savage_a people_n both_o in_o africa_n and_o america_n where_o they_o have_v almost_o lose_v all_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a ought_v the_o practice_n of_o such_o barbarous_a people_n to_o be_v of_o sufficient_a authority_n to_o prove_v that_o they_o live_v according_a to_o the_o true_a state_n of_o human_a nature_n or_o that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o live_v and_o act_v thus_o in_o all_o thing_n they_o thus_o unreasonable_o practice_n but_o have_v this_o author_n read_v any_o true_a or_o exact_a relation_n of_o those_o place_n in_o america_n he_o mention_n he_o may_v have_v find_v that_o in_o many_o of_o those_o nation_n island_n even_o where_o there_o be_v no_o civil_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n and_o though_o they_o have_v no_o other_o government_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n but_o that_o of_o the_o father_n or_o head_n of_o family_n yet_o do_v not_o their_o concord_n whole_o depend_v upon_o natural_a lust_n for_o beside_o the_o government_n of_o husband_n over_o their_o wife_n and_o those_o conjugal_a duty_n and_o service_n which_o their_o wife_n yield_v they_o in_o these_o place_n parent_n be_v more_o fond_a of_o their_o child_n and_o child_n again_o be_v more_o dutiful_a and_o kind_a to_o their_o parent_n and_o take_v more_o care_n of_o they_o when_o they_o be_v sick_a or_o old_a than_o they_o common_o do_v with_o we_o and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n yet_o have_v no_o riches_n but_o the_o mere_a necessary_a utensil_n of_o live_v nor_o any_o honour_n except_o military_a to_o contend_v for_o and_o which_o be_v not_o obtain_v without_o great_a hardship_n and_o suffering_n and_o have_v also_o few_o word_n of_o contempt_n or_o disgrace_n among_o they_o whole_a town_n nay_o nation_n have_v live_v together_o for_o many_o age_n in_o sufficient_a amity_n and_o concord_n without_o ever_o fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o murder_n and_o adultery_n commit_v among_o they_o every_o particular_a person_n injure_v or_o else_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v their_o own_o judge_n and_o executioner_n the_o mutual_a fear_n of_o which_o join_v with_o the_o natural_a peaceable_a temper_n of_o the_o people_n cause_v few_o of_o those_o crime_n to_o be_v commit_v among_o they_o than_o with_o we_o where_o there_o be_v law_n and_o public_a officer_n appoint_v to_o punish_v all_o such_o injury_n and_o for_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o two_o author_n of_o undoubted_a credit_n viz._n lerius_fw-la in_o his_o history_n of_o his_o navigation_n to_o brazil_n chap._n 18._o and_o the_o french_a author_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o the_o caribbè_a island_n part._n 2d_o chap._n 11._o and_o §_o 19_o beside_o other_o author_n on_o this_o subject_a who_o you_o may_v consult_v in_o purchas_n pilgrim_n in_o his_o volume_n of_o america_n and_o though_o these_o people_n have_v often_o war_n with_o their_o neighbour_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o with_o all_o but_o only_o some_o particular_a nation_n with_o who_o they_o have_v constant_a war_n and_o eat_v they_o when_o they_o can_v take_v they_o prisoner_n yet_o do_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n maintain_v peace_n with_o all_o other_o so_o remote_a be_v it_o from_o truth_n that_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n can_v live_v and_o subsist_v by_o maintain_v a_o constant_a war_n against_o all_o other_o nor_o do_v i_o ever_o hear_v of_o any_o more_o than_o one_o people_n or_o nation_n in_o the_o west-indies_n near_o carolina_n call_v the_o westoes_fw-it that_o make_v this_o fatal_a experiment_n by_o make_v war_n upon_o all_o their_o neighbour_n one_o after_o another_o till_o they_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n reduce_v from_o 7000_o fight_a man_n to_o 700_o and_o be_v afterward_o quite_o extirpate_v by_o those_o nation_n they_o have_v injure_v which_o relation_n i_o receive_v from_o a_o gentleman_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v a_o considerable_a interest_n in_o those_o part_n so_o impossible_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o mankind_n to_o subsist_v or_o be_v preserve_v a_o year_n together_o in_o mr._n h_n imaginary_a state_n of_o war._n §._o 8_o nor_o be_v his_o other_o instance_n from_o the_o action_n of_o king_n and_o person_n of_o a_o sovereign_a authority_n any_o better_a who_o he_o make_v like_o gladiator_n have_v their_o weapon_n point_v and_o their_o eye_n fix_v on_o each_o other_o that_o be_v their_o fort_n garrison_n and_o gun_n upon_o the_o frontieres_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o continual_a spy_n upon_o their_o neighbour_n which_o be_v a_o posture_n of_o war._n where_o i_o may_v first_o observe_v that_o he_o do_v not_o direct_o affirm_v that_o all_o prince_n be_v in_o a_o state_n but_o only_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o war_n which_o i_o grant_v be_v both_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a since_o no_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v secure_a that_o his_o neighbour_n will_v constant_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o invade_v his_o territory_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n give_v yet_o i_o think_v no_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n who_o he_o make_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a will_v be_v so_o wicked_a or_o unreasonable_a to_o affirm_v that_o they_o have_v a_o natural_a right_n to_o invade_v the_o territory_n life_n and_o estate_n of_o all_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o their_o subject_n much_o less_o when_o they_o have_v make_v league_n or_o compact_n of_o peace_n with_o each_o other_o that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o observe_v they_o only_o for_o prevention_n that_o they_o may_v not_o do_v the_o like_a to_o they_o and_o break_v their_o compact_n first_o for_o that_o he_o himself_o confess_v to_o be_v absolute_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o upon_o mr._n h_n principle_n such_o compact_n be_v make_v in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n and_o without_o any_o common_a power_n to_o see_v they_o observe_v do_v not_o at_o all_o oblige_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o particular_o by_o and_o by_o §_o 9_o i_o come_v now_o to_o his_o last_o passion_n viz._n glory_n for_o which_o he_o will_v have_v all_o man_n to_o be_v natural_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war._n but_o admit_v that_o divers_a man_n look_v that_o their_o companion_n shall_v value_v they_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n as_o they_o do_v themselves_o and_o upon_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o contempt_n or_o undervalue_v natural_o endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o they_o dare_v to_o extort_v a_o great_a value_n from_o their_o contemner_n which_o among_o they_o that_o have_v no_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o quiet_a may_v be_v enough_o to_o make_v they_o destroy_v each_o other_o yet_o do_v not_o this_o hold_v true_a in_o every_o man_n for_o even_o among_o those_o that_o labour_n under_o this_o passion_n of_o vainglory_n there_o be_v many_o in_o who_o fear_v of_o other_o be_v a_o much_o more_o predominate_a passion_n and_o such_o will_v rather_o take_v a_o affront_n than_o venture_v to_o beat_v or_o kill_v another_o to_o revenge_v it_o since_o the_o hazard_n be_v certain_a but_o the_o victory_n suppose_v the_o person_n every_o way_n his_o equal_a uncertain_a and_o if_o this_o vainglory_n may_v be_v so_o far_o master_v by_o another_o strong_a passion_n why_o may_v it_o not_o also_o be_v overpower_v by_o reason_n for_o a_o rational_a man_n will_v consider_v that_o he_o can_v force_v man_n to_o have_v a_o better_a esteem_n of_o his_o word_n or_o action_n by_o fight_v every_o one_o that_o shall_v declare_v their_o dislike_n of_o they_o or_o else_o know_v that_o he_o be_v not_o at_o all_o the_o worse_o for_o the_o foolish_a censure_n of_o unreasonable_a man_n or_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o take_v for_o a_o affront_n whatsoever_o every_o scurrilous_a impertinent_a fellow_n shall_v intend_v so_o and_o he_o himself_o do_v here_o likewise_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v other_o as_o strong_a passion_n that_o incline_v man_n to_o peace_n as_o fear_v of_o death_n desire_v of_o such_o thing_n
the_o breach_n of_o every_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o consequent_o a_o obligation_n to_o all_o their_o outward_a action_n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o observe_v than_o to_o transgress_v they_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n because_o their_o violation_n do_v still_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n or_o absurdity_n in_o all_o humane_a society_n or_o conversation_n for_o whosoever_o will_v serious_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o rational_a agent_n will_v acknowledge_v that_o all_o the_o felicity_n possible_a for_o they_o do_v depend_v upon_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n as_o its_o necessary_a and_o adequate_a cause_n and_o therefore_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o seek_v both_o of_o they_o together_o for_o whensoever_o he_o transgress_v any_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o than_o separate_v his_o own_o private_a good_a or_o advantage_n from_o that_o of_o the_o public_a which_o be_v contradictory_n way_n of_o act_v must_v needs_o raise_v a_o civil_a war_n or_o contest_v in_o a_o man_n own_o conscience_n between_o his_o reason_n and_o his_o passion_n which_o must_v grievous_o disturb_v its_o tranquillity_n which_o evil_a since_o it_o also_o take_v away_o his_o peace_n and_o security_n be_v no_o contemptible_a punishment_n natural_o inflict_v by_o god_n for_o such_o offence_n §_o 9_o i_o shall_v now_o only_o propose_v two_o reason_n more_o whereby_o i_o think_v we_o may_v demonstrate_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o mr._n h._n the_o first_o be_v that_o presumption_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n both_o in_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o kingdom_n which_o sufficient_o declare_v what_o judgement_n civil_a sovereign_n who_o this_o author_n make_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o right_a or_o wrong_n have_v make_v of_o humane_a nature_n to_o wit_n that_o every_o one_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v good_a until_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o some_o outward_a action_n and_o that_o make_v out_o by_o sufficient_a proof_n or_o testimony_n and_o therefore_o if_o their_o judgement_n be_v true_a he_o must_v own_v all_o other_o man_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o enemy_n or_o so_o wicked_a as_o he_o be_v please_v to_o suppose_v so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v set_v upon_o and_o kill_v though_o never_o so_o innocent_a for_o any_o private_a man_n security_n and_o this_o presumption_n be_v more_o strong_a against_o mr._n h._n because_o he_o find_v that_o security_n which_o he_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v sufficient_a in_o commonwealth_n upon_o those_o punishment_n by_o which_o the_o supreme_a power_n can_v restrain_v all_o invader_n of_o other_o man_n right_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v in_o civil_a state_n unless_o according_a to_o the_o sentence_n of_o some_o judge_n who_o always_o give_v sentence_n according_a to_o this_o presumption_n this_o therefore_o be_v either_o a_o true_a presumption_n and_o so_o able_a to_o direct_v our_o action_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o even_o in_o commonwealth_n there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v a_o sufficient_a security_n by_o the_o law_n make_v and_o punishment_n inflict_v according_a to_o this_o presumption_n and_o so_o neither_o civil_a law_n themselves_o do_v oblige_v we_o to_o outward_a act_n and_o thus_o every_o commonwealth_n will_v soon_o be_v dissolve_v but_o since_o we_o be_v satisfy_v that_o public_a judgement_n give_v according_a to_o this_o presumption_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n render_v man_n life_n secure_a enough_o and_o certain_o much_o more_o safe_a than_o if_o all_o who_o be_v arraign_v at_o the_o bar_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v enemy_n and_o according_a to_o mr._n h_n rule_n of_o prevention_n shall_v be_v all_o forthwith_o condemn_v to_o suffer_v as_o guilty_a therefore_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o the_o private_a judgement_n of_o particular_a man_n concern_v other_o make_v according_a to_o this_o presumption_n do_v more_o conduce_v to_o the_o security_n of_o all_o man_n than_o this_o author_n rash_a presumption_n of_o the_o universal_a pravity_n of_o all_o man_n and_o will_v thence_o persuade_v we_o that_o all_o other_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v prevent_v and_o set_v upon_o by_o force_n and_o fraud_n §_o 10._o a_o second_o reason_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o to_o outward_a act_n will_v procure_v we_o less_o security_n than_o their_o exact_a observation_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o hence_o that_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v there_o will_v thence_o necessary_o follow_v a_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o which_o war_n be_v once_o suppose_v he_o right_o acknowledge_v that_o all_o man_n will_v become_v miserable_a and_o must_v present_o perish_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o security_n be_v seek_v for_o in_o vain_a by_o this_o mad_a state_n so_o that_o there_o can_v remain_v no_o more_o hope_n of_o it_o tho_o mr._n h._n teach_v otherwise_o in_o his_o the_o cive_z cap._n 5._o §_o 1._o and_o leu._n cap._n 13._o viz._n that_o in_o the_o mutual_a fear_n of_o man_n no_o body_n have_v a_o better_a way_n of_o security_n than_o by_o this_o anticipation_n or_o prevention_n that_o be_v every_o one_o may_v endeavour_v so_o long_o to_o subject_v all_o other_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n as_o he_o see_v any_o man_n leave_v of_o who_o he_o ought_v to_o beware_v that_o be_v as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v one_o man_n leave_v alive_a and_o so_o the_o whole_a earth_n will_v soon_o become_v a_o desert_n and_o the_o common_a sepulchre_n of_o mankind_n for_o no_o man_n can_v provide_v any_o aid_n or_o assistance_n for_o himself_o from_o other_o man_n in_o this_o state_n because_o covenant_n of_o mutual_a faith_n by_o which_o alone_a other_o can_v be_v join_v in_o society_n with_o he_o will_v not_o oblige_v to_o external_a act_n in_o this_o state_n as_o i_o have_v show_v he_o acknowledge_v and_o therefore_o there_o remain_v no_o security_n by_o this_o way_n of_o anticipation_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o security_n in_o nature_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o reason_n and_o conscience_n of_o man_n whether_o this_o be_v not_o more_o likely_a to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n by_o do_v good_a and_o not_o evil_a to_o those_o who_o have_v do_v we_o no_o harm_n than_o by_o mr._n h.'s_n method_n of_o anticipation_n which_o can_v yield_v no_o security_n at_o all_o principle_n x._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v alterable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n §_o 1._o this_o be_v a_o natural_a consequence_n from_o what_o he_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o nothing_o be_v moral_o good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o the_o institution_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n yet_o that_o you_o may_v see_v that_o i_o do_v not_o impose_v upon_o mr._n h._n in_o this_o assertion_n i_o will_v give_v you_o his_o own_o word_n in_o his_o the_o cive_z cap._n 14._o §_o 9_o 10._o but_o because_o it_o arise_v from_o civil_a law_n that_o as_o well_o every_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o proper_a right_n to_o himself_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o another_o as_o also_o that_o he_o may_v be_v forbid_v to_o invade_v other_o man_n property_n it_o follow_v that_o these_o precept_n honour_v thy_o parent_n thou_o shall_v not_o defraud_v any_o man_n in_o that_o which_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o law_n thou_o may_v not_o kill_v a_o man_n who_o the_o law_n forbid_v thou_o to_o kill_v thou_o shall_v avoid_v all_o carnal_a copulation_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n thou_o shall_v not_o take_v away_o another_o man_n good_n without_o his_o consent_n thou_o shall_v not_o frustrate_v law_n and_o judgement_n by_o false_a witness_n be_v all_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v true_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n prescribe_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o immplicity_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v say_v before_o cap._n 3._o §_o 2._o command_n compact_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o therefore_o also_o to_o yield_v obedience_n when_o obedience_n be_v covenant_v and_o to_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o when_o it_o be_v define_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n what_o it_o be_v but_o all_o the_o subject_n do_v covenant_n from_o the_o constitution_n ojh_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o his_o command_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n that_o be_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v oblige_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n where_o first_o of_o all_o where_o nature_n give_v all_o thing_n to_o all_o man_n nothing_o be_v another_o and_o therefore_o impossible_a to_o invade_v it_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n where_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a therefore_o also_o all_o carnal_a copulation_n be_v lawful_a three_o where_o there_o be_v a_o state_n of_o war_n it_o be_v then_o lawful_a to_o kill_v any_o man_n four_o where_o all_o thing_n