in the Stomack and that accordingly blood be bred in the Liver yet it is oftentimes discussed and wasted by some certain Causes such as are overmuch exercise Watchings Cares Griefs and Diseases which melt away dissolve and discuss the aliment so that there is too great an evacuation hereof by the Belly by Sweats and by the flux of Blood and such likewise are immoderate Rest Meats and Medicamens that dry excessively Fevers especially such of them as are acute and Malignant But the Nutriment is not rightly assimilated by the parts in regard of some vitious quality it hath in it by reason of which it cannot be assimilated by the parts and so likewise the Nutrition may be frustrated by some external error or else by reason of the Object to wit because the Blood is such that it cannot by the nourishing faculty be perfectly overcome and assimilated But now in regard of the faculty there is not a sufficient Nutrition â— In regard of the nourishing faculty by reason of some defect and want of native heat and radical moysture For Nature maketh great use of this Native heat as of the next instrument in nourishing And this especially happeneth by reason of the preternatural affects of the Heart and principally its heat and driness whether it be that the Heart be primarily affected as it is in the Hectick Fever or else that it suffer through some default of the neighboring parts as it happeneth in the Ulcer of the Lungs For whereas the nourishing faculty as we said erewhile maketh great use of the innate and Native heat as its principal Instrument in reteining Concocting agglutinating and assimilating and it being so that the innate heat is cherished by the heat that floweth in if the temper of the Heart be not right and as it ought to be then the heat that floweth in and consequently the innate heat likewise wil be much amiss and not rightly tempered and so it can be no fit Instrument of the nourishing Faculty And that that Hectick Feavers do but slowly and sensibly bring to pass this the burning and melting Feavers accomplish in a very short time by the heat whereof not only the aliment and substance of the body is consumed and melted away but likewise the temperament both of the Heart and also of the whol body is converted into that which is more hot and dry The same happeneth by reason of over hard labors cares long continued diseases and in general al causes that are able to consume the Radical moisture and weaken the Native heat Now this Atrophy happeneth especially in the softer parts The subject the fat and the flesh and indeed the fat is first of al wasted and then afterward the flesh is likewise extenuated But now as for the harder parts such as are the Membranes Cartilages and especially the Bones although these may also in the like manner be dried yet notwithstanding they cannot possibly be so extenuated and diminished that thence the whol body should decrease And hence it is likewise that the said extenuation and Atrophy of the body doth appear especially in those parts in which there is much fatness and where there are more or greater Muscles as in the Eyes and Temples The particular Atrophy The Atrophy that happeneth in the parts is various It happeneth oftentimes privately in the Limbs the Arms and the Thighs And hither belongeth the Atrophy of the Eye The causes thereof which are the same As for the Cause of the particular Atrophy like as the Causes of the Atrophy of the whol body consist in some one principal Bowel whose action is necessary for the nutrition of the whol Body or is indeed universal and such as may exsiccate and dry the whol body so in like manner the particular Atrophy of any one part hath a private cause or at least such a one as belongeth unto that particular part Yet notwithstanding the Causes are the same as of the universal Atrophy to wit the weakness of the Nutritive Faculty The weakness of the Nutritive Faculty and the defect of Aliment The Faculty is hurt when the part is over cooled and left destitute of its proper heat For if this happen the part can neither attract nor retain not alter nor assimilate the Aliment Now the part is refrigerated and the heat decayed and rendered dul and unfit for action not only from the external Air as also from cold water but likewise it may proceed from overmuch rest in the Palsie or else from the streightness of the passages through which the Spirits flow in The defect of nutriment The Nutriment faileth especially by reason of the narrowness of the passages through which it floweth unto the part that needeth it And this happeneth for the most part from external causes when the Veins that carry the blood unto the part for its Nutriment are pressed together by the bones when they are loosened and out of joynt or else from some certain Tumor that is nigh unto it or by the brawniness and hardness of the flesh or else lastly when the Veins that convey the Nutriment are cut in sunder See likewise Galen's Book of Marcor a Species hereof arising from an Hectick Feaver Signs Diagnostick The extenuation of the whol body as likewise of some one particular part thereof is visibly apparent to the sight so that there wil be no need of many signs For if the whol body be greatly wasted by an Atrophy then the Face fals away and becometh lean the Temples fal down the seat of the Eyes is rendered hollow and deep the Nostrils become sharp and such kind of Face because that Hippocrates describeth it in his Prognosticks they commonly cal an Hippocratical Face Al the Ribs are conspicuous the shoulder blades and the Chanel bones stick out the Neck is extenuated and the Larynx or the top of the cough Attery buncheth forth the Belly falleth down the Buttocks become withered and weak the Thighs Arms Hands and Feet are emaciated and grow lean But in regard that the Atrophy hath its dependance upon many and several causes they are therefore al of them to be inquired into that so the Cure of them may the more rightly be proceeded in And therefore enquiry must be made whether external Causes to wit tasting cares grief over hard labor and the like went before If we find no such thing we are then to make enquity into the internal Causes to wit whether there be present a Hectick or any putrid Feaver or whether there had not been one a little while before and likewise a discovery must be made touching the Stomach Spleen and Liver in what state and condition they are for by the Diseases of the Bowels it may easily be known what the Cause of the Atrophy is Prognosticks 1. By how much the more the Atrophy is but recent and newly begun by so much the more easily it is cured but by how much the longer it hath
Eczesma 2. Elcydrion sive Papilla 3. Sycon that is a Fig or pushes in the head resembling it 4. Exanthema that is an Ulcerous blowing out like a flower 5. Ganglion 6. Hydrocephalus 7. Syriasis 8. Phrenitis 9. Lethargus 10. Typhomania seu agrypnon coma 11. Catochus Pauli 12. Catalepsis seu Catoche 13. Carus 14. Apoplexia 15. Rhia alsabian 16. Sibare 17 Fatera 18. Sekakilos 19. Testudo 20. Talpa 21. Topinaria 22. Lactumen 23. Cornu 24. Alopecia 25. Ophiasis 26. Pityriasis 27. Phthiriasis Those properly belonging to the Eyes and the parts thereof Tumors of the Eyes and their parts 63. sixty three which in page 351. he reckons up in this order following 28. Proptosis Galeni sive ecpiesmos Pauli 29. Taraxis 30. Ophthalmia 31. Epiphora introductorii 32. Chemosis 33. Xerophthalmia 34. Sclerophthalmia 35. Scirrhophthalmia 36. Phlyctaena 37. Bothrion 38. Coeloma 39. Argemon 40. Epicauma 41. Encauma 42. Myocephalos 43. Melon 44. Clavus Pauli et Aetii 45. Clavus introductorii Celsi 46. Hypopyon 47. Onyx that is Vnguis a Nail 48. Hyposphagma 49. Achlys Aetii 50. Nephielion Aetii 51. Vla or Nephelion 52. Leucoma 53. Sebel 54. Bothor Avicennae 55. Hymene panastasis 56. Nyctalopia 57. Anthracâ—sis 58. Carcinoma 59. Synchysis 60. Mydriasis 61. Proptosis Pauli 62. Ptylosis 63. Madarosis or Milphosis 64. Pladarotes 65. Emphyspma 66 Symphysis or Ancylosis 67. Eutropion 68. Laâ— ophthalmos 69. Trachoma 70. Sycosis 71. Tylosis 72. Dasyma 73. Pachytes 74. Barytes 75. Hydatis 76 Psocophthaâ—mia 77 Truhe 78. Thalazion 79. Porosis 80. Litâ—iasis 81. Alanâ—isac 82. Sude Avicennae 83. â—arcosis 84. Lupia 85. Mydesis 86. Pustula Abenzoaâ—is 87. Scleriasis 88. Anchilops 89. Aegylops 90. Epinyctis Plinii And 〈◊〉 these he mentions many more in other parts Tumors in all other parts of the Body 97. to the number of ninety seven and in this following order he sets them down 91. Auritus 92. Parotis 93. Pherea 94. Ozaena 95. Sarcoma 96. Theluâ— Albuc 97. Alharbian Avicennae 98. Chaisum Arabum 99. Haemorrhoides Arabum 100 Batrachos 101. Glossomegethos 102. Ancyloglosson 103. Aphtha 104. Cynanche 105. Paracynanche 106. Synanche 107 Parasynanche 108. Gongrona 109 Folium 110 Bronchocele 111 Alhadal 112 Dionysisci 113. Hypopion 114 Jonthi or Vari 115 Montagra 116 Ephelis 117 Ignis sylvaticus 118 Noli me tangere 119 Buttizaga 120 Gutta rosacea 121 Sparganesis 122. Chondriosis 123 Trichiasis 124 Gynaecomaston 125 Pleuritis 126 Peripneumonia 127 Phtoe 128 Althahalop 129 Napta 130 Cyphosis or Cyrtosis hybosis 131 Lordosis 132 Scoliasis 133 Coeliacus 134 Aurys Rasis 135 Colica 136 Hâ—os 137 Condylomata 138 Haemorrhoides 139 Marisca 140 Hepaticus 141 Cachexia 142 Altherel Bellunensis 143 Thelegi 144 Altherbel Bellunensis 145 Splenicus Aureliani 146 Nephritis 147 Lithiasis 148 Satyriasmus Pauli 149 Cercosis 150 Mola 151 Nymphomegethos 152 Kion Hippocratis 153 Seliroma Pauli 154 Arthritis 155 Podagra 156 Cheiragra 157 Ischias 158 Lupia Guidonis 159 Tophi 160 Cornua Avicen 161 Ancylosis or Ancyla 162 Paâ—onychia 163 Pterigion Celsi 164 Condya 165 Perniones 166 Gemursa Plinii 167 Dentes muris Bellunensis 168 Alliathan 169 Lupus 170 Dactilia Haliab 171 Malum moriuum 172 Terminthos 173 Emphysema 174. Phlyctaena 175 Turmusios Avicen 176 Impeâ—go 177 Essere 178 Palmos 179 Clavus 180 Calli. 181 Aegritudo bovina Abenz Albuc 181 Dracontium 183 Syrenes or Pedicelli Guâ—don Argelatae 184 Variolae 185 Morbilli 186 Rubeola 187 Crystalli 188 Exanthemata 189 Ecthymata Fernel 190 Hidroa or Sudamina 191 Epinyctis Romanorum 192 Bothon lenes 193 Ganglia 194 Seps Hippocr 195 Spina ventosa 196 Bubasticon Vlcus 197 Hypersarcon 198 Cacoethes 199 Sepedon 200 Nome 201 Therioma 202 Herpes Esthiamenos Celsi 203 Herpes ecthiomenos Avicen 204 Thymion Celsi 205 Ignis sacer Celsi 206 Cerion Pauli 207 Paratrimmata 208 Aposirmata 209 Zerma 210 Rancula 211. Spina 212 Morsus Diaboli 213 Patursa that is Morbus Gallicus 214 Scopuli 215 Tincosati 216 Pinitae 217 Spili 218 Tusius Aviceâ—â— 219 Eparma Hippoc. 220 Rosboth 221 Cunus Rasis 222 Albothir Albucasis 223 Nakir Albuc 224 Alchalan Abenz 225. Arcella Abenz 226 Rosulae sataritiae So that the number of all the Tumors recited by Johannes Philippus Ingrassias amounts unto two hundred twenty six But that Entities should be multiplied in this manner without any cause is altogether unfitting For as al the affects which are here reckoned up under the name of Tumors are not properly to be accounted Tumors besides that one and the same Tumor is somtimes repeated under different names So again Ingrassias having not at this time compleated the remaining Sections of his Works concerning Tumors it is not sufficiently apparent what Tumors he would have us to understand under some of these names Now for the truth of this that I may give you an instance or two of what hath been said he reckons up among Tumors Sinus and Fistula Vlcus Chironium and divers other Ulcers But before or since Ingrassias who hath there ever been that hath taken the liberty or made so bold to enumerate among the Tumors that are properly so called such as are these following viz. Lethargus Typhomania Catochus Catalepsis Carus Apoplexia Lordosis Coeliaca affectio Colica Affectus hepaticus Splenicus and other such like Affects which relate either to Symptoms or the kinds of other Diseases rather than unto Tumors And in very truth many of the Tumors wherewith this Catalogue is stuft are not peculiar kinds of Tumors but only differences of their species according to the parts affected Tumors their Differences Now therefore we conceive that there are two main Differences especially to be heeded in Tumors one whereof ariseth from the variety of Causes and the other is by reason of the parts affected We have said before that the conteining cause of a tumor is threefold a Humor a Wind and a solid Substance Again the humors are various much different to wit Blood Phlegm Melancholy a black humor a waterish and wheyish humor and divers other thin excrements as also mixt humors and matter into which other humors degenerate and likewise malignant humors From the Blood there is caused an extraordinary Corpulency which the Greeks call Polysarcia and an Inflammation Their Cause containing There are likewise that refer a Gangrene a Sphacelus unto an Inflammation in regard that an Inflammation somtimes degenerates into them But because that a Gangrene and Sphacelus do very often proceed from other causes without an Inflammation and have not alwaies a Tumor to accompany them and are of neerer alliance unto Ulcers very usually degenerating into them we wil therefore treat further of them anon when we come to speak of Ulcers But with more right it is that unto an Inflammation we refer an Erysipelas or Rosa as it is commonly termed Bubo Furunculus Phyma Phygethlon Parotis Carbunculus Paronychia Perniâ—nes Ecchymosis as afterward from the special Explication of these Affects wil
with his own Eyes he beheld while they took out of an Impostume ful of filth and opened in the Calf of a Mands Leg a certain round substance or Globe such as is to be seen in Weavers Shops And Wierus in his Book of the Devils impostures Chap. 13. relates that in the incision of an Impostume on the left side of a certain Gâ—â— above the Spleen there was taken forth an Iron Knife and after it there issued out abundance of filth and corruption The like whereunto Langius also hath observed in his first Book and thirty eighth Epistle Now if any such strange thing chance to happen the Vulgar People are wont to ascribe it presently unto the Sorceries Spels and Charms of their Devilish Neighbors But there is no necessity why for all things that are evacuated out of Impostumes besides purulent matter we should by and by have recourse to such Causes as these or rank them among the supernatural Causes of humors seeing that many of these contingents may be generated out of the humors erewhile rehearsed For whenas Experience makes it manifest that in most parts of mans Body smal Stones Sand and Gravel Hairs or such like and also divers kinds of Worms may be produced out of the excrementitious humors and that likewise not only in the Body of man strange and wonderful kinds of Worms and other little Animals may be bred out of the Corruption of others it should not seem any great wonder that the matter in Tumors especially if it be naught and hath been long there shut up and deteined doth admit of those various and strange mutations happening by means of its rottenness and putrefaction But yet notwithstanding if such things be found in Impostumes that are come to a suppuration and likewise in Tumors which cannot be generated in mans Body by nature or at leastwise by Natures strength alone without the concurrence of Art such as are all things formed of Metals Bodkins Knives Iron Nayls and the like then indeed they cannot be referred unto natural causes but may upon more than probable Grounds be imputed unto the Impostures subtilty and power of the Devil But as for the manner how such things may be either generated in the Body or covertly conveyed into it is not my purpose here to determine I therefore proceed to dispatch what I have further to deliver touching the rest of the causes of Tumors that take their rise and original from the humors So then Tumors how caused by congestion or the heaping together of humors as for what concerns the causes remote be they what they will for their kind they may easily be known if we do but enquire into the manner how Tumors come to have their first being and withal take notice from whence and after what sort or by what means that humor which hath rightly gained to be stiled the containing Cause comes into the part affected Now therefore that humor which is the nighest and containing Cause of a Tumor is either insensibly and by degrees heaped up in the part or else altogether as in a heap which the Grecians express by the word Athroos flow into it The matter is gradually and by little and little gathered together in the part affected primarily and most especially by reason of somwhat amiss in the member to wit when either the concoctive power is grown weak and therefore cannot as it should digest the nutriment but generates more excrements than it ought to do or else when the expulsive faculty doth not cast out all the excrements as it ought to do and this may come to pass either through its own weakness or otherwise because the way by which those excrements should be ejected is not sufficiently open And again a humor is likewise then heaped together in the parts whenas the food it self is naught and unwholsom for hence it happens that either so great abundance of excrements are caused that the expulsive faculty cannot cast them al forth or else that they are so thick that Nature cannot easily expel them But upon what causes these causes do depend hath been already declared in its proper place nor is it requisite that we should at large repeat what hath been spoken Only in a few words take this That the weakness of the faculties wholly depends upon the intemperies or distemper of the parts and the decay of their native heat The passages are obstructed by overmuch and thick matter which happens to be condensed by the vehemency of cold Meats of an ill juyce produce store of excrements Now what these meats are Galen gives us to understand in his Book touching meats of a good and evil juyce A Humor then flows to some part this being in truth the more usual cause of Tumors when either it is drawn by that same part tumors how caused by an afflux How by attraction or transmitted unto it from some other place Attraction primarily proceeds from heat caused either by overmuch motion or from the heat of the Sun and Sun-beams from the fire or lastly from any sharp Medicine taken in For the parts so soon as they are heated by these causes draw unto themselves humors from the rest of the body although there be not therein any excessive store of humors and yet I deny not but that the more the body abounds with humors the greater is the store of them that is attracted Moreover Pain likewise frequently enough excites Tumors by attracting the humors unto the part aggrieved Yet we say not that pain of it self draws the humors but that this is done by some other means and commonly it is said to draw for these three causes First because Nature while she attempts to relieve the suffering part sends in an extraordinary supply of blood and spirits to the part in pain and this she doth with an endeavor more than usual so that by this means she over fills and hurts the parts she intended to succour Secondly the grieved part by this time grows hot from that abundance of blood and spirits transmitted thither by Nature and hereupon fals to drawing more than before by reason of this adventitious heat And lastly pain weakens the Members Now the Members once weakned if they attract not yet they readily receive and in the least resist not the matter flowing in upon them from several parts Secondly A Tumor is caused by a defluxion when as the humors are transmitted unto some part although they be not drawn by that part For whereas there is in every part a faculty not only of attracting al things familiar and agreeable unto it but also of expelling and casting out whatever is superfluous and burdensom hence it is that being stir'd up and provoked by the excess or offensive quality of the excrements and humors it expels and thrusts forth unto some other part whatever is useless or at least burdensom unto it Where if it be not digested or evacuated by transpiration it is thence
any further enquiry thereinto we wil therefore make the more accurate search after thereby to find out the Cause of an Inflammation in this manner following There would be no Tumor at any time generated in any part of the Body were it not that either its substance as it were boyling over with heat is poured out or that from without some new substance makes its approach For there are but two only causes to be assigned of the augmentation of the bulk and quantity in any thing whatsoever For either the radical moisture through an internal or external heat is resolved into an aery substance which as it is wel known requires a far greater space room for dilatation then formerly it had or else as we said before some new substance is extrinsecally from some other place superadded thereunto Now therefore of necessity it is that one of these two causes must be present when as in that hot and burning Tumor which we commonly call a Phlegmone the part is lifted up into a greater bulk than is ordinary or agreeable to the intention of Nature But now that the fervency and boyling up of the natural moisture or the effusion thereof is not the Cause appears by this because that every thing that is poured forth and converted as it were into spirits when it is cooled it assumes again its pristine quantity and as we may so express it puts off and laies aside the Tumor as by common experience it is most apparent But as for the parts inflamed let them be never so vehemently cooled yet wil they never return into the former state and condition nor ever cast off the Tumor or Swelling Furthermore if by reason of the effusion of the part and its conversion into spirits a Tumor should be caused in the part inflamed then necessarily upon the incision of the part the spirit should appear which yet as we see is nothing so but that rather there follows an effusion of Blood and the whole place by its colour and the looks thereof seems altogether full of Blood It remains therefore that the accession of some new substance is the cause of a Phlegmone But now that this new substance is the Blood appears from hence to wit that the Phlegmone is exceeding red both within and without Now this red colour is only proper unto and inseparable from the Blood Blood the nighest cause of an Inflammation for there is nothing that waxeth red in the Body beside the Blood and the Flesh which later notwithstanding viz. the Flesh cannot by any means be the cause of a Phlegmone For if the increment of the flesh were the cause of an Inflammation there would be indeed a Tumor or Swelling in the part yet so as notwithstanding the internal heat should remain sound and in an healthful plight without the least distemper and that also it should not in the least vary its pristine nature when as in no one thing that is augmented according to its substance the heat may properly be said to be heightned and encreased so far forth that the increment of the substance and quantity should any way differ from the change or alteration of the qualities But now the case is otherwise in a Phlegmone wherein the colour is changed and the heat grown to be more intense the said colour evidently demonstrating not only the quantity but likewise the quality of the substance Moreover that the Blood is cause of a Phlegmone may be manifestly evidenced by this that the place in the greatest Inflammations especially which now and then happen in Ulcers appears and seems all bloody round about which certainly would never be if blood were not the cause of the Inflammation Furthermore that Blood is Cause of the Inflammation that generating of the Inflammation which happeneth in Wounds doth evidently demonstrate For in new and fresh Wounds the Blood its true at the first flows forth but then afterward being compressed and kept in either by the hand or else with Ligatures or Medicaments that stop the issuing forth of blood or else lastly being suppressed and staid of its own accord it is then reteined either in the Orifice or Cavities of the dissected Vessels and there it is compacted and so wrought that it grows together like as clotted blood useth to do and there by a continued heaping up of the blood abundantly flowing thereunto it lifts up the part into a Tumor or Swelling and causeth an Inflammation An Inflammation what it is Since therefore the Conjunct Cause of an Inflammation is proved to be the Blood preternaturally flowing thereunto it is no hard matter thence to collect that an Inflammation is a preternatural Tumor of the fleshy parts as Galen in the place alleadged takes and understands the name of Flesh arising from the preternatural afflux of the blood and that therupon it must necessarily be hot red extended and accompanied with a kind of renitency or resisting property pain and pulsation or beating The manner how an Inflammation is bred But now that there may not be left to remain any the least obscurity about the nature of an Inflammation we will here add the manner also how a Phlegmone is generated and this we wil do out of Galen who in his Book touching the unequal Intemperies Chap. 3. hath in these words described it it is saith he a hot fluxion or flowing the which when it hath seized upon and seated it self in some muscelly part at first the greater Veins and Arteries are fil'd up and distended and next after them the lesser and so it is carried on untill that at length it arrives even at the least of them In these when the matter of the fluxion is forcibly impacted and cannot therein be any longer conteined it is then transmitted unto the outward parts partly through their own Orifices and partly by a percolation as it were and straining or sweating out of it through the Tunicles and then the void spaces which are betwixt the most principal parts are filled full with the fluxion And so all those parts or places are on all sides very much heated and overspread Those parts or Bodies are the Nerves Ligaments Membranes the Flesh it self and before al these the Veins and Arteries For whereas the Veins and Arteries run along unto each particular part by the which is received both nourishment and vital Spirit so long as the blood flows in a due measure and just proportion and is conteined within those its receptacles the part is not wont to suffer any Inflammation at all but then only when at the length the blood is overcopiously and all on a huddle emptied and poured forth into the substance of the part by the Veins and Arteries By which very thing also a Phlegmone is distinguished from other fluxions in which the matter is diffused without the Veins into the whole substance of the part and there doth distend and dilate it For in a Phlegmone although all the
parts are as I may so say embrued with blood yet notwithstanding there is a certain order observed to wit that some of the parts should sooner receive the fluxion and others of them not til afterward until that at length all of them come to be replenished and distended by the humor Now this kind of order wholly depends upon the natural distribution of the greater Vessels conteining the blood For whereas the Veins and Arteries when they first of all make their entrance into the aforesaid Vessels are evermore the larger and by how much the deeper they are distributed thereinto so much the less they are all this while there ariseth no Inflammation unless it so chance that the blood be emptied forth into those smallest Veins and again happen to fall out of them And this that hath been said manifestly appears unto those that by an exact and accurate inspection take a right view of those very little and almost imperceptible Veins that are branched forth and extended unto that Tunicle of the Eye which Oculists usually call Adnate or Conjunctive For these indeed do evermore convey blood unto the Eye for its nourishment and yet notwithstanding whilest that the Eye is free from distemper they are so exceeding smal that they can hardly be discern'd by the sharpest sighted Eye But then so soon as the Eye is inflamed those slender Veins are preternaturally replenished with blood then they shew themselves and become very conspicuous And it is most agreeable to truth that thus it should be also in al other Inflammations whatsoever they be But as yet there is no Inflammation present albeit the lesser Veins are even filled up with blood until that at length by and thorow them the blood be derived into the remaining substance of the parts which may be done two waies For in the first place the blood is emptied forth by those very smal and most inconsiderable orifices of the Veins by which the Veins do as it were gape open themselves into the surrounding substance of the part that so thereby the blood may through them the more easily drop forth for nutrition or nourishment Moreover likewise it strains and sweats through by the Tunicles of the Veins for even the Tunicles of the Veins are in like manner so framed by nature that they are not without their pores through which if not the blood it self yet certainly the ferosity or wheyiness thereof and its thinner part is exâ—udated or sweated forth by a kind of percolation From what hath been hitherunto spoken the distinction of the conjunct cause from the cause meerly antecedent in an Inflammation is sufficiently apparent For the blood which we have asserted to be the cause of a Phlegmone doth in a double respect take upon it self the virtue and Nature of a cause For either it is the next conteining and conjunct cause of which we have hitherto discoursed to wit as it hath already flown into the part and is irremovably impacted therein so far forth that it actually elevates that same part into a Tumor or else it is the antecedent foregoing cause to wit The antecedent cause of an Inflammation as by reason of its abounding in the body it hath a power of slowing into and by its influx of lifting up the part into a Tumor or Swelling The which antecedent Cause in an Inflammation like as also in other Tumors fals again under a twofold consideration to wit either in regard of the Affect simply considered as it is to follow upon this cause which it hath a power to excite although as yet it hath no being in the body And so a Plethory which is an extream and overgreat fulness of good and laudable blood is very frequently present in the body albeit an Inflammation doth not instantly ensue thereupon Or else secondly it is considerable as preceding and foregoing the affect that already hath a being and is already actually existent in the Body to wit when as the Blood now floweth to the exciting and augmenting of the Tumor Which to speak truth is more rightly stiled the antecedent cause then was the former since that this latter hath respect unto an effect already present but the former relates only unto an affect which hapneth in the future time But this antecedent cause that it may flow together unto the place affected it is thereunto moved and stirred up by other means whilst that it is either transmitted from some where else or else attracted by the part it self for those very causes we have hitherto been treating of and explaining But now for those Causes which we commonly term Procatartick The remote Causes more remote and primitive they are such as either conduce to the breeding of a copious and a plentiful blood as do al meats of good and much juyce an easie and idle kind of life and other such like requisites Or else they are such as render the blood more acrimonious and sharp as do all things that cause heat al acid and tart aliments wrath watchings stirrings and exercises in the extreme or else such as excite and stir up the blood to move unto the part affected as doth the overgreat heat of the part pain proceeding from a wound from a fall from contusion or beating from a fracture from disjoyntures and the like causes or else the weakness and imbecillity of the part affected receiving compared and considered in reference to the vigour and strength of those other parts which transmit the abundant store of hot blood unto the aggrieved part Notwithstanding an Inflammation never happeneth to be generated by a leisurely and gradual storing up of blood but it is evermore bred by a sudden and thronging affluence and influx of the said blood For although it may so chance that some kind of Humor may sensibly and by degrees be collected in some one part which being heaped up as aforesaid may afterward begin to excite a certain kind of pain in the part yet notwithstanding al this an Inflammation is never produced until such time as the pain gives cause sufficient that a more plenteous store of blood should forthwith and very easily make its approach Notwithstanding we are to take notice That although the Blood be the containing and antecedent Cause of an Inflammation yet notwithstanding we say that a Cacochymy or a depraved ill digestion and more especially sharp and cholerick humors are the prime and principal cause that the blood be moved unto the part affected in those Inflammations which are excited without any apparent cause as Wounds Contusions and such like For so it is That when Nature is twinged and pulled by such like Humors and yet notwithstanding is unable altogether to expel them out of the body to the end that she may free the principal parts from the danger impending by reason of them she assays to thrust them forth unto the external and less principal parts the which when it is not able to accomplish
there is not somthing of malignity and therefore the malignant matter is with more safety thrust forth unto the superficies of the body by those Medicaments we term Alexipharmaca then drawn to the more inward parts by Medicaments that purge That fervent heat also of the adust blood is to be altered and the malignity to be opposed by convenient Medicaments as the juyce of Citron of Pomegranates Sorrel Borrage Bugloss Water Germander Succory and the like with which in a pestilent Carbuncle other Alexipharmaca may also be firly mingled As Take Conserve of Sorrel Borrage Bugloss of each one ounce and half the species of Diamargarit frigid Confection of Hyacynth Elect. de Gem. of each half a dram of candied Citron rind six drams the candied roots of Scorzonera or Vipers Grass half an ounce with the juyce of Citron make an Electuary Unto which in a Pestilent Carbuncle we may add Bole-armenick Terra Sigillata or sealed Earth Harts horn Bezoar stone and the like Very many there be that in a Carbuncle do much commend Scabious and they conceive that it never ought to be passed by and they write that either the Juyce or the Water or the Decoction thereof is of singular use and benefit in a Carbuncle It wil not likewise be amiss to fence and guard the Heart with Topicks by Epithems that are otherwise known applied to the Region of the Heart and the Pulses that so by all manner of means the Heart may be preserved safe and sound from all the malignity Afterward as for what concerns the conjunct cause or the Tumor it self the way and means of curing a Carbuncle is not altogether the same as in other Inflammations unless haply there appear to be in it very little of an offensive quality Neither must we make use of Repellers but the malignant and poysonous matter is rather to be attracted from the more inward unto the external parts unless perhaps they may be administred for the mitigating of the vehemency of the pain touching which more hereafter And therefore so soon as Venesection hath been administred the part affected is forthwith to be scarified and that likewise with lancings that go deep enough that so the corrupt malignant and poysonous blood which unless it be instantly emptied forth of the part affected corrupteth the parts neer adjoyning may be quite drawn forth Immediately upon this the part affected is to be cleansed and throughly washed with warm salt water or with some other convenient liquor lest that the blood should clod and so grow together in the part Now if the corrupt blood seem not as yet to be sufficiently evacuated the scarifications ought then to be repeated We are likewse allowed when the place is scarified to apply thereto Cupping-glasses or Leeches Yet notwithstanding iâ— with great violence the humor flow unto the part then Atrractives may not safely enough be administred since there is cause to fear lest that the matter flowing thereto in great abundance the pain should be made the more vehement which may possibly excite and cause watchings augment the Feaver and deject the Natural vigor but rather if the matter flow thereunto over hastily and with too great force we are then to make use of those Medicaments which by moderate repressing and driving back may likewise digest And such is the following Cataplasm Take Arnogloss we commonly term it Lambs-tongue or Way-bread Lentiles Bread that is neither wholly purged from its bran neither yet such as is altogether branny of all these a like proportion let them boyl in Water or Wine and so make a Cataplasm which is to be applied twice or thrice every day But now this said Medicament that we have mentioned or such like is not to be imposed and laid upon the very Carbuncle it self but only neer about it some three fingers distance from it For by this means the malignant matter it self is not driven back but only the extream heat and pain is mitigated the flux of matter is somwhat retarded and hereby is prevented the retreating back again of the matter unto the more inward parts But yet neither must this be passed over in silence that it is not evermore requisite to fence the Carbuncle with such a guard but notwithstanding this for the most part iâ— necessary to wit That that part which hath a neer relation with a noble Member should be wel guarded forasmuch as it is no way hurtful but indeed profitable that some of the matter should be derived and evaporated unto the other ignoble parts Moreover the place being scarified there are not to be applied those Medicaments that otherwise are wont to be laid on in regard that they promote and further the Pus or purtilent matter and by this means may encrease the putrefaction and rottenness since that a Carbuncle in putrefying evermore creepeth and spreadeth so that very often a Mortification chanceth unto such parts but rather those Medicaments that are drying and such as resist putrefaction For which end and purpose we may administer the Pastils or Pomanders of Andro Musa Polyidas and Pasio which are to be dissolved first of al in Wine and then also afterward in Vinegar touching which see Galen in his Composition of Medicaments in general the fifth Book Chap. 11 and 12. They commonly likewise make use of the Aegyptiack Unguent There may also be made a Cataplasm of the Meal of the Pulse Orobus with Oxymel Morsus Diaboli or Devils-bit is likewise very much commended if while it is yet green and wel bruised it be laid on or else boyled in Wine and drunk There be many likewise that here make use of those things that are experimentally found to be helpful by the propriety of their substance among which Scabious is especially commended as also Morsus Diaboli or Devils-bit they take to wit the Scabious whilest it is green and bruise it wel and then they add thereto the Yelk of an Egg Hogs grease that is old and a little Salt and herewith they make a Cataplasm which is often to be renewed Some likewise take the Herb Comfry for the same use and with it they prepare and make such a Medicament as this that followeth Take of the Juyce of the greater Symphytum or great Comfrey Scabious Cranes-bill or Doves-foot of each one ounce of Barley Meal two ounces and an half and mingle them for a Cataplasm Others there are who if there be present an extream heat and pain commend this Viz. Take Plantane Leaves and Sorrel Leaves of each two handfuls boyl them to a softness then let them be bruised when they are throughly bruised add to them the Yelks of four Eggs Treacle two drams Barley meal a sufficient proportion and so make a Cataplasm Many likewise there are that commend those Wallnuts that are old and Oyly being bruised of the which some make such a Cataplasm as this that followeth Take the Kernels of Walnuts such as are old and rancid or mouldy in
number three dried Figs and Raisins an equal proportion boyl them in strong white Wine to a softness and then bruise them adding thereto a dram of Salt and two Yelks of Eggs mingle and then make a Cataplasm of them But now if there be any that wil not endure Scarification or if otherwise the Carbuncle wil not yeild unto these Medicaments and it be so that the corruption the blackness and the signs seem alwaies to be augmented we must in this case have recourse unto Cauteries and that instanly and with all possible speed Cauteries for even the least delay may cast the sick Person into an extream peril yea into the greatest danger even of death it self But here Potential Cauteries may not so safely be administred in regard that the Crust which is drawn over them sals off more and so the exhalation of the corrupt and malignant humor it hardened The actual is therefore by most accounted the safer For why the Actual Cautery by the heat and driness of the Fire doth especially resist putrefaction and preserveth the sound parts lest that they also should be infected with putridness and it likewise attracteth from the depth and the very bottom all the malignant and corrupt Matter and for this cause it is hereby the most commended as the most effectual Remedy who conceive that here in this case this is not so grievous a Remedy seeing that the sick Person is hardly sensible of it in regard that the Flesh is dead and because that the use of it must be so long continued even until in all parts thereof there be a sense of pain Yet notwithstanding even the Actuall Cautery hath also in this discommodity that it induceth and causeth a Crust or Eschar which it self so hindreth that the malignant and poysonous matter cannot exhale If therefore any will use this Remedy he must be altogether careful that the Crust drawn over it hinder not the exhalation of the corrupt and malignant humor and therupon he must use his endeavor that the Crust may speedily even within the space of twenty four hours be removed in regard that there may be danger in the delaying thereof And indeed for this purpose they commonly use Butter the Suet or Fat of a Hog the Fat of a Goose and such like moistening and suppurating Remedies But the Truth is that Horatius Augenius and Gulielmus Fabricius do rightly inform us that in those affects in the which there is otherwise so extream a danger threatned from putridness these Remedies may not with any safety at all be administred forasmuch as by their humidity and Emplastick virtue they do in a wonderfull manner encrease the putridness cause that the rottenness and corruption of the part creep so much the further and moreover these do but very slowly take away the Crustiness And therfore these conceive that we ought rather to use those Remedies that do greatly cleanse and dry resist putrefaction and break assunder those smal slender fibres by which the Crust adhereth unto the part affected Galen in his second Book to Glauco Chap. 9. for the taking away of the Crust after burning in the case of a Gangrene useth the Juyce of a Leek with Salt Gulielmus Fabricius for the falling off of the Eschar and for the cleansing of the Ulcer commendeth this following Unguent Take the meal of Orobus or bitter Vetch the root of Aristolochy or Birthwort the Flower-de-luce of Florence and the lesser vernal Gentian of each half an ounce Treacle two drams with a sufficient quantity of Honey of Roses and so make Vnguent Horatius Augentius commendeth this Take Vitriol two drams the best Honey half an ounce Hogs grease two drams and mingle them And that the Ancients did not alwaies use moysteriers and those Remedies that forward the Pus or Purulent matter for the removal of the Crusts is sufficiently evident out of Galen his sixth Book of the Composition of Medicaments according to the place affected Chap. 6. and Paulus Aegineta his fourth Book and Chap. 19. in the which said place there are many more such like Medicaments to be seen And as for my own part I had rather for the taking away of the Crusts which for the most part the Carbuncle contracteth use such like Remedies then Cauteries whether Potential or Actual For here the Putridness is not simple as in a Gangrene and other corruption of the parts where that that is putrid is most commonly separated from the sound part so that we may safely enough burn away what is corrupt and putrid But in a Carbuncle there is present a malignant humor and that diffused throughout the whole part and therefore we are to make use of those Medicaments that extract that so by this means what is as yet sound may be preserved from purridness and Corruption Aetius writeth that wild Rue imposed in a Cataplasm with Honey and Raisius of the Sun doth likewise instantly separate the Crusts of Carbuncles and therefore even those medicaments also that resist malignity as Treacle and the like are for the most part very properly herewith mingled And therefore we conceive that the Unguent of Gulielmus Fabricius erewhile mentioned is exceeding profitable in a Carbuncle not only after the burning but likewise at all other times Others compound such a like medicament which as they affirm wil in two daies space separate the good and sound Flesh from the corrupt Take Rue one handful Leaven one ounce dry Figs three in number Pepper a dram Salt a dram and half make a Cataplasm which may be applied mornings and evenings In general in Pestilent Carbuncles to extract the Poyson we must prevent and hinder the creeping and further spreading of the putridness For the taking off the Scar this Emplaster is principally commended Take of the best Treacle and Mithridate of each half an ounce Leaven and Turpentine of each two ounces Honey of Roses one ounce and half fresh Butter two ounces common Salt one ounce Chimney Soot two ounces and half Saracen Soap three ounces Saffron three drams three Yelks of Eggs bake them altogether and make an Emplaster Or Take Scabious the greater Comfrey of each two ounces of ful and fat Figs dryed three an Onion roasted in Embers Squils half an ounce Raddish root cut into smal pieces two ounces two Yelks of Eggs Salt two ounces Leaven and Chimney Soot of each one ounce Honey Turpentine of each as much at wil suffice and so make a Cataplasm and having spread it upon a Linen Cloath lay it on hot and let it be shifted almost every hour If now we perceive the Crust to become round and a circular redness appearing it is then a sign token of ensuing health and recovery and a manifest testimony that Nature hath now separated the corrupt from the sound When the Crust is wholly taken away the Ulcer is then to be throughly cleansed with Honey of Roses and the Juyce of Smallage and such like After the
moist and clammy Medicaments administred for by reason of such humid things applied the blood fallen forth out of the Veins is easily putrefied whereupon divers il and dangerous Symptoms are afterward wont to arise But in very truth when from a fal from some high place beating and bruising and the like Causes the blood is not only gotten together under the Skin and the external parts but oftentimes also is poured forth into the more inward parts after the same manner as it is in the Circumference of the Body when the Vessels are opened or broken which said blood is there clotted and corrupted and is wont to cause Inflammations and the worst sort of Feavers dangerous Symptoms and very frequently death it self we must therefore use the best of our endeavor that the clotting and growing together of the aforesaid blood may be hindered that it may be dissolved and that it may be evacuated by stool urine or sweats and that with al due and possible speed For when once the blood hath gotten a putridness the Malady is not so easily cured nor indeed at al without the most exquisite and singular extraordinary Remedies Wherefore so soon as there is any the least suspition that the blood is fallen forth without the Veins into the more inward parts and that it cannot be dissipated by external Remedies we must then use these things following to wit Rheubarb Rhapontick Terra sigillat Sperma Ceti in the Shops termed Patmasitty the Eyes of Crabs Mummy red Corals Harts-born Madder such as the Dyers use in coloring with the Waters of Cherefoyl Carduus Marjoram St. Johns wort Fumitory Alkekengy Card. benedict Scabious the Syrup of Sorrel Syrup de Acetositat Citri Vinegar and the like which what they are will appear further from the following Receipts and Prescripts Take Rheubarb Terra sigilat Bole armenick Mummy of each one dram make of these a Pouder of which give one dram at once with the Water of Cherefoyl or Shepherds-Pouch Or Take Terra sigillat Crabs Eyes of each one scruple Sperma Ceti Goats blood prepared Angelica and Gentian Roots choyce Rheubarb of each half a scruple seeds of Carduus Bened. seven grains Cloves three grains Make of these a Ponder for two Doles to be taken at twice and drunk with the following Waters Take the Water of the Infusion of Lavender one ounce the Waters of Cherefoyl St. Johns wort Strawberries of each one ounce and half Wine Vinegar half an ounce for twice Or Take Terra sigillat Madder Mummy great Comfrey Rheubarb of each a scruple mingle them and make a Pouder Or Take Rheubarb the Root of Madder Mummy Crabs Eyes the seed of Carduus Mariae or Mary Thistle the Root of round Aristolochia or Birthwort of each one dram mingle and make a Pouder give hereof a dram at once with the Syrup of Sorrel Some there be likewise that commend the Water of Nuts They commonly administer one dram of Sperma Ceti dissolved in Vinegar or some fit and convenient Water There are likewise some that make use of Unguents and that with good success also which are likewise taken into the Body and are therefore stiled Potable as for instance the Potable red Unguent of the Ausburg Practitioners Or Take Green Sanicle four ounces the Leaves of Betony Fennel seed Juniper Berries unripe of each three ounces the Root of Elecampane of the greater Comsrey Rue Ground Ivy Rosemary Rhapontick root of each two ounces all these being shred very smal let them be stirred about and incorporated with three pound of fresh Butter Set them then in the Sun for eight daies afterward put thereinto one Cyath or little Cup ful about two ounces of Sanide Water then boyl it til the water and juyces be quite consumed and then let the Butter thus incorporated and moistened with the Juyces be pressed forth and kept for use The Dose is half an ounce twice a day to be taken with warm Beer the place affected may likewise be outwardly anointed with the same yet not at the first beginning and appearance of the distemper but some while after Or Take these Herbs Wormwood Southernwood of each two handfuls the Herb Ladies Mantle Motherwort or Mugwort the lesser Comfrey the lesser Sage Germander the lesser Centaury Crosswort Fennel Strawberries Fenugreek Ground Ivy or Aleboof Hyssop Lavender Milfoyl Marjoram Balm Bugle Penyroyal Pyrole or Winter green Pimpernel Rosemary Sage Sanicle Savory Spicknard Betony Vervain of each one handful the roots of Marsh-mallows Clove-gilliflowers the greater Consound Angelica Pimpernel and Tormentil of each of these one ounce These Herbs and Roots gathered green in the month of May or June boyl in six pound of May Butter adding thereto as much Wine as you judg sufficient let them boyl together until they be boyled enough stil taking heed that they burn not to and in the end adding of the Oyl of Bayes fresh and new four ounces Sperma Ceti half a pound Make herewith an Unguent of a green color the Dose is one ounce in Vinegar or Beer and this may likewise be outwardly applied unto Wounds Or Take the Roots of Tormentil Dittany Sanicle the greater Consound Consound Sarracen of each two ounces Castoreum one ounce that sort of it that is offensive by reason of its unpleasing tast may be omitted Madder three ounces May Butter three pound red Wine as much as will suffice mingle and boyl them till the Wine be consumed herewith make an Vnguent adding thereto of Sperma Ceti one ounce As for the Topicks at the first beginning some Astringents are to be mingled with the discussive Medicaments For when the Tunicles of the Veins out of which the blood is poured forth are somwhat bruised they ought then to be a little strained together bound fast and condensed lest that the new matter drawn thither by pain be poured forth since that if in the beginning only Digestives be administred they wil not only discuss the blood poured forth of the Veins but attract and draw unto the part that blood that is in the bruised smal Veins Afterward that the little contused or bruised Veins may return unto their Natural state Digestives alone are to be made use of For this end and purpose some there be now this indeed is the best kind of Remedy especially for those that are beaten that wrap about the sick person the Skin of a Ram new flaid off and whilst it is yet hot besprinkled with Salt Myrtle Berries and the Pouder of Water-Cresses or if such a skin may not conveniently be gotten they anoint the Patient with the Oyl of Roses of Myrtles and of Earthworms with which they mingle the Pouder of red Roses or Myrtle Berries and the day following such a like Liniment may be administred Take Vnguent Dialthaea three ounces Oyl of Earthworms Camomil and Dill of each one ounce Turpentine two ounces the meal of Fenugreek the pouder of red Roses and Myrtles of each half an ounce Saffron one scruple make
Scabies there fal off only certain bran-like substances whereas in the Lepra that that fals off resembleth the scales of Fishes so that from the itching by the Scabies there is an easie and ready passage unto the Lepra For this itching is a certain kind of light roughness in the Skin in the which unless haply it be the more violently scratched there falleth off nothing at al from the Skin In the Scabies afterward the Humor becometh more evident and upon the scratching there fal off certain branny bodies In the Lepra the swelling is greater and there fal off no longer certain smal branny substances but scaly bodies whether there be any scratching or not For in the Scabies the matter is more thin and preyeth upon the highest and utmost Skin alone but in Lepra the matter is more thick and therefore doth not only feed upon the utmost superficies but likewise upon the deeper parts of the Skin And without al doubt Celsus his Impetigo Celsus in his fifth Book and 26. Chap. under the name of Impetigo propoundeth and comprehendeth this Lepra of the Greeks and in no wise doth he understand the Greeks Lichen which by others is called Impetigo when he thus writeth But now saith he there are of Impetigo four species or kinds of the which that is least hurtful that in likeness representeth the Scabies For it looketh red and is harder and is also exulcerated and corrodeth But it is distinguished from the said Scabies because that it is more exulcerated and hath Pustules like unto Vari and there seem to be in it as it were little bubbles or wheals out of which in process of time smal scales are resolved and this returneth at some more certain times A second kind there is worse than the former almost like unto a Papula i. e. Blister or Wheal but rougher and redder than it and having divers forms There fal off from the utmost Skin smal scales the corrosion is greater its progress is swifter and broader and at more certain and set times it likewise both beginneth and endeth it is sirnanamed Rubrica The third sort is yet worse for it is thicker and harder and swelleth more it is also cleft in the top of the Skin and it corrodeth more vehemently It is also in its motion forward scaly but black and it creepeth afar off both slowly and broadly At certain times it either ariseth or endeth neither can it be totally taken away it is sirnamed the Black The fourth and last sort is that which altogether refuseth to admit of any Cure and differing in colour for it is somwhat whitish and like unto a new made Cicatrice or Scar and it hath little pale Scales and some of them are whitish and some of them like unto a Pimple which being taken away now and then Blood sloweth forth But otherwise its humor is somwhat white the Skin is hard and cleft and it proceedeth broad-waies Now all these kinds do chiefly arise in the Feet and Hands and they also infest the Nails There is not any one Medicament whatsoever more effectual then what out of my Author Protarchus I have already related as appertaining to the Scabies But Serapion hath prescribed of Nitre two pugils and Sulphur four pugils to be mingled together and made up into a Mass with good store of Rosin and this Remedy he himself likewise made use of Thus Celsus Neither is there any Author either Greek or Latine that hath made or mentioned so many kinds of Lichenes which yet are easily found in the Lepra of the Greeks neither do we meet with any one Chapter in Celsus wherein he treateth of Lepra which notwithstanding although it were unto him unknown could not possibly be so unto the most studious and knowing Hippocrates Moreover the Impetigo is by Celsus said to be worse then even the least and lightest Scabies and furthermore Celsus writeth that all the kinds of Impetigo do send forth Scales which indeed is most proper unto Lepra of the Greeks and it is thought likewise to have received its name from Lepis that is a Scale whereas on the contrary never any hitherto hath attributed any scales whatsoever unto Lichen of the Greeks We now proceed to the Causes The Causes The Cause of this Malady is black Choler For although there be also some certain of the Ancients that have asserted that Lepra likewise ariseth from salt Flegm yet notwithstandinding this is not so to be understood as if Lepra did arise and might be excited from salt Flegm alone but that salt Flegm is somtimes mingled together with black Choler And therefore we say that whatsoever generateth and heapeth up black Choler the same causeth or at least very much advanceth the breeding and production of Lepra All which have been already made known out of our former discourse touching the Scabies as for instance an unfitting Diet a dry temperament the Hemorrhoids or monthly Courses suppressed Issues stopt that had been long kept open and running and a Quartane Feaver And lastly Contagion likewise maketh very much to the generating of the Lepra in like manner as it doâ—h in Scabies For albeit there be some that deny that the Lepra is contagious yet notwitstanding they seem thus to do without any evident Cause For if Scabies be contagious then without doubt Lepra is so likewise it being the worst Scabies and the truth is it is most agreeable to Reason that the excess of the Scabies should be more contagious then the Scabies it self Signs Diagnostick Lepra is easily known since that it hath the very same signs with the Scabies This one thing alone is proper and peculiar unto Lepra viz. that is sendeth forth Scales The Sweat is stinking and the Malady will hardly yield and give way to Remedies The Skin as in the Scabies is rough dry and withered there is present an itching and there are certain substances resembling the Scales of Fishes that fall off from them that are affected with it whether they scratch or forbear scratching The Prognostick Now this Malady is difficult very stubborn and contumacious And unless it be maturely taken in hand and dealt withall it wil degenerate into the Leprosie or Elephantiasis to wit if black Choler be so heaped up together in the Body that it now seizeth upon not only the exterior parts but the internal also The Cure As for the Cure hereof Seeing that Lepra is a Scabies in the highest degree it therefore requireth likewise the same Medicaments that the Scabies doth only they must be made somwhat stronger Wherefore a good and fitting Diet being ordained the Body is to be evacuated as hath been said the distemper of the Liver to be corrected and the matter that hath invaded the Skin is by Digestives and cleansing Medicaments to be taken quite away And in the first place it will not be amiss here to provoke Sweating with the Decoction of Sarsaparilla
an extream troublesome palpitation and beating of his Heart For the removal of this great Distemper there were many Remedies prescribed and administred not only by my self but likewise by the most expert Physitians of our Vniversity there All which when they could not in the least prevail over this contumacious and head-strong Disease by reason of the Patients continuing and persevering in his accustomed ill course of Diet he grew the worse thereby and after some few months were passed in the which by the advice of the Physitians he took no Physick at all for they were willing to commit unto Nature a part of the Cure of this Chronical Affect he began to complain of that part that lieth under his left Shoulder-blade The place of his grief being lookt upon and throughly considered there appeared unto me a notable Tumor soft unto the touch and attended with a beating and when pressed down with the Fingers it was then seemingly wholly hid and non-apparent but these were no sooner taken off but forthwith it returneth as before In short the Disease having gotten deep rooting being now become incurable our Patient within a very short time after departed this life But now that we might get the truth and certainty both of the nature and constitution of this Disease as also of the Cause thereof we dissected that part that was affected with the Tumor out of which there issued forth great store of Blood unsavory and stinking as it was all which Blood being wholly evacuated and throughly cleansed there appeared the prime and principle Artery under the Heart having its original from the great Vein in its ascending up into the Head exceedingly dilated and extreamly torn This Vein descending downward creepeth along through the Region of the Intercostal Muscles the Blood that flowed forth of it being heaped up in the spaces of the Muscles and in tract of time putrefying and corrupting had so vitiated and marred the Vertebra and Rib of that place that it seemed unto us altogether rotten and putrefied And therefore say we some other way and means of the generating of this Tumor is to be sought and found out The Author of the Book of the Medicin Definitions defineth Aneurysma by the relaxation of an Artery And so likewise Fernelius in the seventh Book of his Patholog and Chap. 3. asserteth that Aneurysma is a dilatation of an Artery ful of spiritful blood but all this while they do not express the manner how this is done Neither is it ever a whit credible that Aneurisma is caused by the dilating of both the Tunicles of the Artery but only by the widening of one of them For the Atteries have indeed a double Membrane one external which is slender thin and soft having of straight Fibres very many but of oblique ones very few and of transverse ones none at all the other internal which is close thick and hard having transverse Fibres but wanting straight and oblique ones And therefore if the Internal Tunicle be either broken by extension as easily it may be in regard of its hardness or else if it be opened by Section it doth not easily Cement and close together again because it is hard but now the external Tunicle in regard of its softness doth easily and soon grow together again and because it is so soft and wanteth both oblique and transverse Fibres it is thereupon extended by the Blood and the vital Spirit seeking their passage forth in an imperious and violent manner and so this kind of Tumor cometh to be excited in the which the force and the impetuous violence of the blood and the vital spirit may be discovered by the very touch Neither is that which Platerus objecteth of any weight or moment to wiâ— when he tels us that upon the alone bare Section that he saw made in the skin that covered over the Tumor the blood forthwith at first hid it self but then instantly sprang forth amain and this oftentimes saith he is in so great abundance that it cannot by any one use he what means he wil be any more stanched but that it issueth forth in greater abundance insomuch that the whol stock of Blood being almost spent it hath oftentimes brought a sudden Death upon the sick Person But indeed if we should determine that the Aneurisma proceedeth from the dilatation of these Tunicles of the Artery this Objection would then carry some weight along with it But in regard that according to the truth of the matter we have already asserted and determined that an Aneurysma ariseth from the dilatation of the exterior Tunicle alone of the Artery the internal being opened either by Section or by Rupture we cannot therefore by any means grant that the Arterial blood lieth hid under the whole Skin but because the external Tunicle is extraordinarily extended it cohereth and sticketh so close unto the Skin that it is extended together with it and is in a manner so become one therewith that it is almost impossible to cut the Skin without cutting the external Tunicle of the Artery And so then the result of al that hath been said wil be this to wit The nighest cause of Aneurisma That the proxime and nighest cause of Aneurysma is the opening of the interior Tunicle of the Artery and the dilatation of the external Now it is very frequently opened by Section when unexpert Chirurgeons instead of a Vein open an Artery or when at least together with the Vein they cut through the Artery that lieth under it Now if this at any time happen the external Tunicle in regard of its softness and neer alliance with the Tunicles of the Veins very easily and soon closeth together again but the interior by reason of its hardness remaineth open from whence through the patent and open place the Blood and vital Spirit endeavoreth to break forth and by this means distendeth the external Tunicle and causeth this kind of Tumor The same may likewise happen if the internal Tunicle of the Artery be broken either by the violent and impetuous motion of the Arterial blood or by any violent external cause and the overgreat distension of the Artery the external Tunicle that is more apt for extension being al this while safe and sound But now Whether or no that pulsation of the Arteries of which Platerus maketh mention in his Tract touching the palpitation of the Heart and touching which out of Fernelius and Ludovicus Mercatus we have already treated in the fourth Book of our Practice Part 2. Sect. 3. Chap. 9. may or ought properly to be referred unto Aneurysma I very much doubt For whenas the Membrane of either Artery is then whol and entire it seemeth rather to be an Affect in the Veins of kin to the swoln and distorted Veins that we cal Varices than this Tumor Aneurysma of which we are now treating Signs Diagnostick The Aneurysma is easily known and discerned from Ecchymosis because that in Aneurysma the color
destruction of the innate and natural heat as on the contrary the life of the part dependeth upon the preservation and safety of the said Native heat we conclude that whatsoever destroyeth the Native heat of the part that same may likewise be accounted a cause of the Gangrene and Sphacelus Now the Native heat is destroyed when by its contrary it is either corrupted or suffocated or dissipated or altogether extinguished for want of Aliment It is destroyed by its contrary either acting by a manifest quality and cold or else by a secret and hidden quality as by poyson It is suffocated when the transpiration it hindered It is dissipated by a greater heat It is extinguished if necessary food and sustenance be denied so that there are as you see five causes of the Generation of a Gangrene and Sphacelus to wit overmuch cold a poysonous quality the hinderance of transpiration a vehement external heat and a defect of Aliment and the heat flowing in For first of al we see that oftentimes in the Winter those that take Journeys in the Snow and Ice have the extream parts of their feet and of their hands their Ears and their nostrils almost dead with cold by reason of the vehemency thereof and thus it happeneth somtimes also that by reason of Medicaments over cooling in a Phlegmone or an Erysipelas carelessly and incauteously administred the part is taken and surprised with a Gangrene or a Sphacelus although I had rather refer this case unto transpiration hindered There is also a very great power of destroying the innate heat in those things that are poysonous and such things as destroy our Bodies by a secret and hidden quality For somtimes the humors in our bodies do so degenerate and acquire so great a malignity that they bring a Necrosis or deadness unto those parts whither they are by Nature thrust as we see it done in a Carbuncle And so in like manner the biting and stingings of poysonful Creatures do corrupt and putrefie the parts And the same also is done by the Septick Medicaments which if they be not wisely and carefully administred have in them a power of corrupting the flesh especially in places that are hot and moist as in the Emunctories the privy parts and the other places that are like unto these Thirdly Transpiration hindered exciteth likewise a Gangrene For whereas our heat standeth in need of perpetual ventilation and cooling if this be denied it is suffocated by the abundance of Vapors And for this very cause in great Inflammations and especially in the moist parts there very frequently happeneth a Gangrene the Native heat being extinguished as otherwise likewise we see that a little flame is extinguished and put out by casting thereon good store of water and that the flame is stifled if it be put under a Cupping-glass that hath no hole or vent in it or any other Vessel whatsoever that is kept covered which is preserved in a Cupping-glass that is perforated or any other Vessel that is open And this chiefly happeneth if in Feavers especially if they be malignant the humor be with violence either thrust forth or that of their own accord they rush unto any one part And so I remember that here a certain Citizen that was taken with a malignant Feaver from the humors that were thrust down unto the Scrotum had the said Scrotum al of it so inflamed and mortified with a Sphacelus that there was a necessity of cutting off the whol Scrotum or Cods so that the stones hung down altogether naked and bare which yet notwithstanding the Gangrene being cured became afterwards covered again with flesh that grew out of the Groyns That Inflammation likewise which the Gangrene followeth is sometimes caused by Wounds and these not alwaies great but oftentimes also very smal and sleight Wounds that seem inconsiderable and of no moment So Henricus ab Heer relateth in the first Book of his rare Physical Observations Obser 12. That he was present and saw a man fifty nine yeers of Age who having pared the Nails of his Toes and cut them to the quick was presently surprized with a Gangrene and within a very short space died thereof And he telleth us likewise of two other eminent persons who being desirous to have the hard and callous brawniness of their feet pared away were both of them taken with a Gangrene that within a short time caused their deaths And this may likewise be done by Emplastick Medicaments in great Inflammations and especially if they be unseasonably applied in moist places which frequently produce there a suffocation of the Native heat Fourthly A preternatural heat likewise and such as is extraneous and from without produceth the Gangrene by wasting the Radical moisture and the Native heat and so many times a Gangrene followeth after great burnings And lastly A Gangrene ariseth from the defect of Aliment to wit the blood and the spirit flowing in that is altogether necessary and requisite for the cherishing of the Natural heat implanted within For whereas the innate heat standeth in need of continual Nutriment as the flame doth of Oyl if this be denied it languisheth and is extinguished like as is the flame when the Oyl in the Lamp faileth And in this manner a Gangrene happeneth unto the external parts of the body somtimes in an Atrophy Consumption and the like Chronical and long continued Diseases that extenuate the body And for this very cause it is that when the greater Joynts are put out of Joynt if they be not again wel and rightly set then the disjoynted bone presseth together the vessels that lie neer and hindereth the influx of the blood and of the Spirits into those parts that lie underneath from whence there followeth a leanness and consumption of the said parts and in process of time very frequently a Gangrene also And so it is found by experience that from a hard Tumor about the Vena Cava where parting several waies it descendeth into the Thighs pressing the same together and hindering the descent of the blood into the Thigh a Gangrene very often ariseth And in this manner a Gangrene likewise happeneth if any part be too hard and long bound about with Ligatures and bands or else if Medicaments that are over astringent shal be imposed upon any part Signs Diagnostick It is no hard matter to know the Gangrene For the color of the part beginneth to be changed and turned unto black the flesh to grow loose and flaggy the pulse and sense to be diminished and the heat to be abolished Which said Symptoms the more the Gangrene tendeth unto a perfect corruption and a Sphacelus by so much the more are they increased and made more evident For in a perfect and absolute corruption and Sphacelus the life and sense of the part are wholly abolished there is no pulse at al to be perceived the part whether you cut or burn it is insensible of pain the flesh appeareth to be
and the Skin it self For albeit while the place of the Itch be scratched there is perceived a certain seeming pleasure yet nevertheless this pleasure doth not belong to the Nature of the Itch but it followeth only upon the scratching whilst that the parts that were gnawn by a sharp matter do suddenly return unto their natural state and their wonted smoothness For like as there is a pain excited from that sudden motion unto a preternatural state so in like manner there is a certain pleasure felt from this sudden motion and return unto their Natural state Now the truth is the Itch it self ceaseth after scratching because that the matter which was the cause of the Itching is evacuated and because also that the solution of Continuity that exciteth the pain is again brought unto an Union and quietness if the scratching be any thing strong The Causes The neerest cause of the Itch is a salt Excrement that is biting and sharp to wit either meer pure Choler or else black Choler commonly called Melancholy or else a salt flegm Which excrement albeit that it be present also in the scabby Affect yet in the Itch it is more thin and insinuateth it self through the least particles But it sticks between the true skin and the scarf-skin and thereupon by its acrimony it goadeth as I may so say and pricketh the sensible particles in the skin and provoketh them unto scratching And indeed like as the Nature of the excremens it self maketh much for the sticking of the said Excrement in the Skin this Excrement although it be thin yet having in it a certain kind of clamminess and glewishness by the which it sticketh very close and pertinaciously unto the parts so doth likewise the thickness of the skin it self by reason of which it cannot exhale But now that excrement is collected by reason of the heat and driness of the Liver the use of sharp meats and many Spices And hence it is that old men those especially of them that in their youth had a hot Liver and such of them as then used a hot kind of Diet in their meat and drink are in their old age so sensible of the Itch and at length come to be troubled with scabbiness See further hereof in Galen his second Book of the Causes of Symptoms and the sixth Chapter The Differences Now according to the variety of the humor and the nature of the places affected there is a certain difference likewise of the Itch. For look how the matter is more or less sharp so the Itch that is excited is more or less contumacious and troublesom And somtimes there is felt an itching in the skin of the whol body and somtimes in some parts only Prognosticks 1. The Itch is for the most part the forerunner of Scabbiness shortly to follow For if the Itch be of any long continuance there is then at the length collected a greater abundance of the matter and this receiving a putridness is rendered more sharp and it corrodeth the Scarf-kin and exciteth Pustules 2. By how much the worse the humor is that exciteth the Itch by so much the worse is the malady also To wit the Itch that is excited from burnt blood or Choler is sooner ended and gone but that which proceedeth from salt slegm lasteth longer and longest of al that which hath its original from burnt Melancholy 3. The Itch in which there is great pleasure taken in the scratching thereof is evil because that it ariseth from a sharp Choler 4. The Itch in old people is seldom cured especially in those that are decrepit For since that old age is fit for the treasuring up of these salt humors that disposition of the body is hardly changed and brought unto a better state And yet notwithstanding if diligence and care be shewn it is somtimes healed And Mercurialis in his Tract of the Diseases of the skin Chap. 3. relateth that Leonellus Pius a man fourscore yeers old was freed from an extraordinary great Itch by the benefit of Medicaments 5. Hippocrates in Coacis writeth that the Itch in those that have Consumptions if it succeed the suppression and binding of the Belly is not only dangerous but deadly For by reason of the trouble and disquiet of the Itch those in Consumptions can neither sleep nor take any restr whereupon there is little or no Conconction and therefore they have their death hastened upon them The Cure The Itch seeing that it is a pain if it be extraordinary great and vehement and cause watchfulness thereby decaying the strength sheweth that mitigation by Anodynes is to be procured but the Cause that it dependeth upon calleth for evacuation And indeed the next Cause since that it is a sals humor sticking in the Skin this is likewise to be evacuated from the Skin And in regard that this said next cause is nourished by a like humor contained in the Veins therefore this is likewise to be evacuated And because that this humor is generated from a distemper and vitious disposition of the Bowels it is therefore to be anointed and so the generating of such like humors is to be prevented Those Moisteners take away the Itch that mitigate the sharp matter that is the Cause of the Itch. Now those things that evacuate these excrementitious humors from the Skin are those Medicaments that Cleanse Mollifie and make thin Purgers take away the Antecedent Cause Alterers amend the vitious disposition of the Bowels but more especially a good course of Dier And therfore in the first place the Salt Nitrous and sharp humor is to be prepared and evacuated The humor is prepared by such Medicaments as have in them a power of Cooling and Moistening and such as withall attenuate the Thick Clammy humor such as are Succoâ—y Endive Borrage Bugloss Fumitory Hope Maidenhair Asparagus Roots Polypody Mother of Time and Syrups made out of these and more especially that oâ— Hops Fumitory Succory the Byzantine Syrup and the Syrup of Maidenhair Now the Humors are evacuated by the Leaves of Sene Polypody black Hellebor Jalap the compound Syrup of Polypody the Electuary Dracatholicon Confection of Hamech Extract of black Hellebor the Melanagoge Excract The forms oâ— these are elsewhere propounded and so they are also in the Chapter of the Scabs And sometimes also Venesection if the Age and strength wil bear it is to be instituted and because that it often falleth out that either the Haemorrhoids or the Courses suppressed and kept it may afford matter and occasion unto this Evil it wil therefore not be amiss to provoke and draw forth these Haemorrhoids or Courses But for the tempering and allaying the heat of these Adust humors as also of the Bowels themselves there is nothing that doth it sooner then the Whey of Goats Milk which may be given from one pint to three But it wil be better for use if there be added some Juyce or Syrup of Fumitory But that which more especially correcteth the
Species of the shedding of the Hair as we shal hereafter shew you As for Baldness in the first place look what Patos that is to say the falling down of the Leaves is in Trees the like is baldness in Animals yea also in the very Trees themselves whereupon Aristotle in his sixth Book of the generation of Animals and Chap. 3. writeth Men saith he of all living Creatures are mostly subject unto baldness and they evidently become so sooner then any other Creature whatsoever Which kind of Affect is in a manner general For of Plants likewise some of them have allwaies green Leaves others of them lose their Leaves The like Affect is baldness in those men unto whom it happeneth that they should be Bald. For whenas by little and little some now some then both the Leaves and the Feathers and the Hairs all off when this same Affect shal happen universally then it receiveth these words Baldness falling of the Leaf and shedding of the Feathers And Columella in his fourth Book of Husbandry Chap. 33. saith that the young and tender Chesnut Tree that is infested by Mice and Moles doth oftentimes become bald Now baldness in a man is a certain smoothness Baldness what it is or defect of Hair in the fore part of the Head taking its original from the want of Aliment And this most commonly chanceth naturally in the progress of yeers but yet nevertheless unto some it happeneth preternaturally which is thereupon to be accounted preternatural and vitious The Causes Touching the Causes of Baldness Physitians do indeed very much differ in their Opinions But if we wel weigh the manner how Hairs are generated in the Head the business in Controversie wil not seem at all difficult For whereas both the matter and the Aliment is sent and supplied unto the Hairs from the Brain more especially therefore we say indeed that the defect of the necessary Aliment is the neerest cause of this shedding or falling off of the Hair yet nevertheless this Affect proceedeth oftentimes from the Constitution of the Brain to wit if it become more dry then is meet Hippocrates tels us the same in the sixth of his Epidem Comment 3. Tit. 1. where he thus writeth the Consumption of the Brain and by reason thereof baldness c. Where as Galen tels us in his Comment upon the place by the Consumption of the Brain that diminution thereof is to be understood that happeneth unto old men from its extraordinary driness For if the Brain once become extreamly dry then there will be nothing superfluous therein remaining that may suffice for the nourishing of the Hairs And Aristotle teacheth us the same who in his fifth Book of the Generation of living Creatures Chap. 3. writeth that baldness is caused from the scarcity of the moist heat and fatness that is to say of the moist Aliment For there is in old People an excrementitious humidity that is rather too much abounding then any want thereof And indeed as we have already said baldness is natural unto the most because that in the progress of their yeers and as old age comes on the Brain in every one becometh more dry then is meet but yet unto some this baldness happeneth in their Youth and green yeers to wit unto those that from some preternatural or violent cause have their Brains overdried before the time which Causes may be many The Chief and most principal of them al is the immoderate use of Venus that powerfully drieth the Brain Whereupon it is that before the use of Venus none groweth bald Neither are Eunuchs bald at all in the sixth Sect. of the Aphorisms Aphor. 28. in regard they lose not neither cast forth any Seed and so the like may be said of Youths and until they attain unto ripeness of yeers Women likewise are seldom or never bald and yet nevertheless Albertus Magnus testifieth that he saw two Women that were bald in his nineteenth Book of Animals Chap. 6. in regard that their Constitution is naturally more moist and therefore the Brain also in them is not so easily and soon dryed and because that Women eject not such store of Seed as the Men do The Brain is likewise overmuch and oversoon dried by too much Watching Study and Cares As for that opinion of Actaurius who in the first Book of his Method Chap. 5. assigneth overmuch humidity for the Cause of baldness if any one hath a mind to reconcile it with the opinion of Hippocrates Galen and Aristotle he cannot more fitly explain it then by saying that the defect of Alimental humidity is indeed the Cause of Baldness and yet notwithstanding that excrementitious humidity causeth that this baldness happeneth so much the sooner and more easily after the very same manner that Leaves of Trees fal off indeed by reason of the want of necessary Aliment and yet nevertheless they fal off sooner and faster if any adventitious and Accidental humidity Rain or the like happen Signs Diagnostick The very Truth is that baldness of self appeareth sufficiendy unto the Eyes But yet nevertheless in what respect it differeth from the other species of the falling away of the Hairs we shal now explain unto you This Baldness we now speak of differeth from the Apolecia and the Ophiasis or Area in this that these Vices are fleeting from place to place neither in them do the Hairs fal off from any certain parts of the Head whereas baldness happeneth evermore in the fore-part of the Head But from the falling off of the Hair in special so called this baldness differeth because that in the shedding and falling of the Hair the Hair al generally or at least the greater part of them here and there up and down throughout the whole Head fal off but in baldness this falling of the Hair is only in the fore part of the Head Prognosticks 1. Baldness indeed in it self bringeth no danger at all but that it causeth that the Head lieth the more open to be hurt by the externall injuries of the Air and that it is as it were the forerunner and sign of the hastening of our Mortall Nature towards her dissolution and yet notwithstanding it causeth a great deformity and unsightliness especially if it happen early in the time of Youth and that that is resented and disliked by the most of those that behold it and it is reported that Caâ—us Julius Caesar the Emperor famous both for his learning and likewise for his warlike exploits could so il brook and bear the baldness wherewith he was affected that after his making triall of very many Remedies to no purpose it was at length granted unto him by the Senate that he might perpetually wear the Lawrel who if he were now at this day living might easily cover his baldness with a Coveting of Hair made of other mens Hair we in England cal it a Perriwig which is now adaies in very great and common use 2. But that baldness that ariseth
of the Head alone but that Alopecia may be extended even unto the very Beard also The Causes The Cause of both these Maladies is a depraved and sharp humor of eating assunder the roots the Hair of whatsoever kind it he But for the most part notwithstanding this Malady iâ— caused by a salt flegm adust or putrified Whereupon Galen in his Book of the differences of Symptoms and Chap. 4. writeth that these Vices follow a depraved Nutrition of the Skin of the Head But that one while the Alopecia another while the Ophiasis is excited and that the Hairs do sometimes constitute a strait and direct Area and sometimes that that is winding and writhed the Cause of this is the great abundance and the quality of the matter For if there be an extraordinary great store thereof and it be likewise thin then it equally and alike eateth through the Hair in the more and greater places but if the Matter be less and mingled with a thick humor then there followeth an unequal and writhed Defluvium or shedding of the Hair because that the humors being unequal and mingled do not flow right forward but creeping along obliquely they gnaw assunder the hair The more remote Causes are the heat of the Liver and Head and especially the fault of the first and second Concoction by reason whereof salt and sharp humors are generated which although it may happen in every age yet nevertheless it happeneth more especially in Childhood and Youth and it followeth the Affects Tinea Achores and Favi by reason of the Causes that we mentioned in the Diseases of Children And somtimes likewise External and Malignant Causes make very much for the generating of this Disease among which Galen in his first Book of the Composit of Medicam according to the places Chap. 2. reckoneth up Mushroms because that they make very much for the generating of vitious and corrupt humors And hither likewise belongeth the poyson of the French Disease in regard that this also eateth through the roots of the hair which other poysons may likewise do Signs Diagnostick We have already before told you in what respects this falling of the Hair differeth from baldness and that shedding of the Hair that we call Defluvium But Alopecia differeth and is known from Ophiasis by the very figure of the Area and because that in the Alopecia the hair only falleth off without any hurt as all of the Skin But in the Ophiasis there is not only a falling off of the hair but likewise an excoriation of the Skin And the very color of the skin is also changed and in some it appeareth more whitish in some more pale and in others more black and if it be pricked there floweth forth a serous whitish blood Touching the difference between Alopecia and Ophiasis Celsus in his sixth Book and Chap. 4. hath these words That Area saith he that is termed Alopecia is dilated under all kind of Figures and it happeneth in the hair of the Head and in the Beard But that which from the likeness of a Serpent is called Ophiasis beginneth from the binder part of the Head and is not extended above two fingers in length it Creepeth on both sides the Head even unto the Ears and in some unto their Foreheads also the former of these in all Ages but this latter only in Infants But Alopecia and Ophiasis differ from Tinea in this because that in Ophiasis the Excoriation of the Skin is superficial and when it is cured the hair groweth again But in Tinea the excoriation and Ulceration is more deep and the skin is oftentimes so corrupted that the hair never groweth again As for what concerneth the signs of the Causes the Skin it self sheweth what kind of humor it is that offendeth which that it may be the more exactly known the hair that remaineth behind is to be shaven away and the Skin to be gently rubbed there are other signs also that wil instruct and teach us what kind of humor it is that aboundeth in the body The hairs likewise that grow anew by the various colour that they have according to the Nature of the peccant humor wil shew us what humor is the Cause of this Malady Prognosticks 1. Alopecia and Ophiasis although they bring not much danger along with them yet nevertheless they cause a great deformity and among the Romans those Slaves that were disfigured by the said Area and especially by the Alopecia were sold at a far lower rate then other Slaves And in our daies also these Areae in regard that they cause a suspition of the French Pox are therfore accounted very disgraceful unto him that is affected therewith 2. But whether the Ophiasis or the Alopecia may be soonest and most easily cured it is a great question among Authors and they herein much differ Celsus and Avenzoar are of Opinion that Ophiasis is more easily cured then Alopecia And on the Contrary Alexander in his first Book Chap. 2. and Serapio in his first Book Chap. 1. teach us that the Alopecia is more easily cured then Ophiasis But Celsus seemeth to speak only of the Alopecia of Infants which in the course of yeers and change of age is of it self oftentimes cured But if Alopecia and Ophiasis be such as are grown to maturity or likewise in one and the same age be compared the one with the other then the Ophiasis seemeth to be altogether the more difficult to be cured in regard that it hath its original from a matter more thick and far worse then the former and such as doth not only eat assunder the roots of the hairs but likewise even the very Skin it self which is never done in the Alopecia 3. Yet notwithstanding by how much the longer either of these Maladies hath been and continued by so much the more difficult is the Cure thereof and by how much the less while they have continued by so much the more easily are they cured 4. If by Rubbing the place become red there is then hope of Cure the sooner it is thus the more easie the Cure but if it wax not red at all then there remaineth no hope at all of any Cure 5. That kind of Areae is also the worst that hath made the Skin thick and somwhat fat and slick or slippery in all the parts affected 6. Alopecia and Ophiasis that proceed from the Leprosie are altogether incurable and that that hath its original from the French Disease is not to be Cured untill the Disease it self be Cured 7. There then shines forth some hope of a Cure to follow when the excremities of the Areae that are neerest unto the remaining hairs do again begin to send forth other hair For then those parts that are nigh unto the sound have the less receded from their Naturall State and so consequently will the sooner again return unto their Natural State and begin to produce hair The Cure If a Vitious humor abound in the whole body
most grievous Epileptick Convulsion which in the space of â—our or five hours ended his life And I my self also remember a certain Student stout hearted enough otherwise Who being by a Chirurgeon to be let blood in my presence and at my command as the Surgeon was about according to the custom to bind his Arm and began but to move his Instrument toward the vein he fainted away and fell from the seat wherein he was sitting before ever the Lancet was put neer unto his Arm whenas Nevertheless he had neither fever nor any other Disease that might any waies cause and occasion this swounding of his Eightly and Lastly an Inflammation following upon a Wound may render that Wound Mortal if it be internal For indeed an Inflammation doth not necessarily accompany Wounds yet notwithstanding because that in internal Wounds those Medicaments cannot possibly be administred that were wont to be applied in external if any internal part especially if it be more Nervous and of an exquisite sense shall chance to be wounded then a pain is excited and thereupon an afflux of Humors and from thence an Inflammation a feaver a Gangrene and other Evils do arise that destroy the Wounded person within a very few daies And from hence it is that the Vulgar do likewise in Wounds observe the seventh and the nineth day because that within these daies those Symptoms are wont to supervene and in these daies to bring the greatest danger unto the sick Party Some there are that add yet another Cause to wit the influence of the Stars And so Franciscus Vallesius in his Comment upon the 95. Text. B. 4. of Hippocr his Epidem saith that the Malignant Aspect of the Stars and Constellations is the Cause why light and very sleight Wounds are oftentimes likewise rendered Mortal And the very same Quercetan also tels us in his Third Chap. Touching Wounds made by Guns and that for this very Cause the Wounds of the Head are for the most part wont to be Mortal at Ferraria and Florence But this Cause is not to be admitted of neither can there any Reason be easily rendered why at Ferraria the wounds of the Head should be mortal and not so in the neer neighbouring Rhodigium or Bononia And from these Fundamentals no doubt it is that Civilians likewise take upon them to pronounce what Wounds are of themselves and in their own Nature Mortal and what not Nicolaus Boerius in the place alleadged N. 18. propoundeth six Conjectures from which it may be Collected that the Wound was not Mortal of it self but that it was made such by Reason of some accident happening thereupon The first is if the Wounded person died not until a longer time after then wounded persons are wont precisely to prolong their Lives The Second is this if there were present no dangerous Symptoms in the beginning of the Wound or if there were any present and remained for a while the sick person notwithstanding was not much the worse for them but that he was able to perform all kind of Actions in such a manner as they are not able to do that are mortally wounded For if he shall appear to be in a fair way of Recovery and then afterward die it is to be beleeved that he died upon some other Cause and not from his Wound All which notwithstanding are to be understood only of a Wound that is not of it self Mortal The third Conjecture is if the sick person in the Course of his life were not so ordered as wounded persons ought to be but that he exposed himself unto the cold Air addicted himself unto excessive drinking were often distempered with passions of the mind immoderate Anger frequent affrightments and overmuch addicted to Venery The fourth if the Physitians were of opinion and that they adjudged the Wound not mortal who as men experienced in their Art ought to be beleeved The fifth is if the wounded person had no Physitian with him or if any were sent for unto him he was one altogether ignorant and unskilful which is al one as if he had had none at all Which yet nevertheless as hath been said is only to be understood of a Wound not simply mortal in it self For if a Wound be in it self mortal albeit there were no Physitian sent for yet nevertheless we are not thence to collect that the wounded person might have been cured The sixth and last Conjecture is if the wounded person be of a strong Nature For in this Case if due care be taken in the preserving of the said Natural strength and vigour the sick person very seldom miscarrieth But if the Wound being not mortal the wounded person die and that in a short time we ought to collect that he died not of his wound but that he died from some other Cause as we said before And this is the Judgment of all Physitians in general touching Wounds both mortal and not mortal But yet there ariseth another Question among the civil Lawyers to wit whether the person that inflicteth the Wound may be found guilty and condemned of Homicide For these do not only as Physitians weigh and consider the quality and Nature of the wound but the minde and intention also of the party wounding and other Circumstances likewise touching which we may see more in the Books of these Civilians The Rest of the Prognosticks Now although that out of what hath hitherto been said may easily appear what is to be foreknown and foretold touching the event of wounds yet nevertheless we think it not amiss here to add somwhat more as touching the premises For although that other Wounds besides those we have already spoken of do not indeed suddenly destroy and kil the person yet nevertheless some of them are far more dangerous then other and even of these some are more easie some more difficult to Cure And this in the first place is to be learnt from the very substance of the part For the fleshy parts of all other are most easily brought together and sodered again the rest as the Veins Arteries Nerves Tendons and Membranes with more difficulty They may be united and made to grow together again but it will be more slowly Galen in his 1. B. of the Seed and 13. Chap. tels us than himself saw the Veins in the Head and those both many of them and great ones also grow again and in his 5. B. of the Moth. of Physick Chap. 7. that he saw an Artery also united Secondly from the Action and Use of the part For the more Noble the part is in regard of its more necessary Use and the Action that it performeth for the good of the whole Body so much the more dangerous are the Wounds of that part And those parts likewise that are in continual motion will not be brought to grow together again but with much difficulty And the more exquisite likewise the sense of the part wounded is the more easily upon its being Wounded
of Wounds the chiefest of them is the exposing of the Wound unto the Ambient Air by which the innate heat is altered and weakned But now this is prevented if the Wound be but seldom uncovered by opening thereof Fourthly whereas Hippocrates in his 2. Sect. of Fractures Title 7. commendeth that Cure under which there is little or no impostumation and loss of the bones this appeareth to be so in this new way of curing and therefore he determineth that this is the most perfect and this Magatus proveth by an example of his own for that in this manner he had Cured Wounds of the Head wherein there was likewise an extraordinary hurt of the bone in so much that any one would have Judged that a great part thereof would have dropt out without any impostumation and abscession of the bone or any thing else Fifthly He therefore thinketh that this new way of curing is to be preferred because that under it fewer Excrements are generated then under the common and wonted manner which as he writeth is manifest by experience Sixthly Caesar Magatus in his first B. and 32. Chap. bringeth this likewise for a Reason because that those things that are extraneous and strangers to the Body and which at the first could not be drawn forth by the Chirurgeons being such as require the work of Nature may more easily be driven forth if the Wounds be but seldom uncovered and that for this very Reason to wit because that in this new way and Method the Natural heat is more rightly preserved cherished and augmented as was said before in the first Reason And Seventhly in the place alleadged he produceth this for one of his Reasons that in this his new way the virtue of the Medicament that was administred in the first dressing is best of all continued and made to endure even unto the perfect agglutination of the Wound and especially if it be of such an essence that it cannot hastily be dissipated And as for those Excrements that usually are here to be found he thinketh also that it cannot be by them corrupted since that the Excrements that are generated are not worth a speaking of II. They in Like manner reject the Ancient Way and Method of Curing Wound as drawn thereunto both by experience and Reason Experience indeed because that as is said before under the Ancient way of Cure fewer Patients and with far more difficulty do recover of their Wounds then under their new way And as for the Reasons they alleadg they are these The First is this because that under the ordinary and wonted way of curing The Reasons moving Magatus and Septalius to reject the Ancient way of Curing Wounds the wounded part is exposed unto the Ambient Air and by it the Natural heat therof may be dissolved offended and weakned and that thereupon the part is rendered the more apt and Obnoxious unto a reception of the Afflux of Humors and the Concoction therein is less happily perfected and so there are generated greater store of Excrements that in time prove a great impediment unto Nature in her work Secondly They say that from this frequent unbinding and loosening of the wound the handling thereof and the moving of the part the cleansing thereof and the laying on of new Medicaments and by means likewise of the new binding up a pain is oftentimes excited which they say may very well be the cause of a Fluxion For it can no waies be saith Caesar Magatus in his 1. B. and 32. Chap. but that while we handle the part there will be some pain excited and indeed the greater by how much the greater the Wound is and the part wherein it is endued with an exquisite sense For we are forced in the opening of the Wound and the new binding it up again to move the part from its former Scituation We take away the Medicaments we cleanse and wipe away the Pus we impose new Medicaments and then we binde up the Wound again al which operations cannot possibly be performed without pain Thirdly They object that if the Wound be too often opened and uncovered there will then Exhale much of the heat and Spirits Fourthly and last of all That Nature also as often as the Wound is loosned and uncovered so often is she disturbed and d stracted from her proper work and office III. Caesar Magatus in his 1. B. and first Chap. and Ludovicus Septalius in the 1. B. of his Physical Ammadversions after this manner endeavour to infringe those causes and Reasons Magatus his Confutation of the Reasons of the Ancients for their often uncovering of VVounds for which it seemed necessary unto the Ancients and at this day doth seem altogether needful and requisite that Wounds should often be uncovered and new Medicaments imposed and laid on And first of all this is brought for a common and received opinion that in hollow wounds there is evermore generated a double kind of Excrements thick and thin as it appeareth from Galen his 3. B. of the Meth. of Curing and 9. Chap. and that therefore we are alwaies so to reckon that it ought to be throughly dried up and wiped away and that therefore the Wound is daily to be opened that so the Pus may be cleansed away and new Medicaments applied For those that were at first laid on cannot long keep entire their strength and virtues in regard that they are dissolved by the heat of the part and also corrupted by the mingling of the Excrements But if the Excrements be not throughly dried up and purged forth being reteined in the Wound they hinder the generating of Flesh and the conglutination of the Wound and become likewise more sharp and Corrosive Yea further they often acquire a putridness from whence may proceed Pains Inflammations Impostumations Worms and Gangrenes The Answers Now unto this they thus Answer first of all that there is no great danger threatened from the Pus since that there is no neccessity that there should be any great store thereof bred in Wounds but then only when by Reason of the frequent uncovering of them the Native heat is debilitated Neither is there any need say they that these Excrements should be consumed by the imposing of various Medicaments seeing that the Wounds of the internal parts the Liver the Lungs the Tongue and other parts in which we cannot possibly come to apply Tents or Liniments spread over with unguents they are yet nevertheless healed by Nature And albeit as Caesar Magatus writes in his 1. B. and 44. Chap. it may be admitted that two Excrements to wit a thick and a thin may be generated in the Wound yet nevertheless he thinks not this a sufficient Reason why the wound should be often uncovered For the thin Excrement may partly be digested by insensible exhalation and partly driven quite forth of the Wound by the heat of the part and for the thick there is so little thereof at the very first that it
Method had been practised For he himself oftentimes very rightly inculcates and writeth very cleerly that it is Nature that cureth the Wound and not the Physitian or Medicaments For if the Pus ought to be moved this is performed by Nature or if that flesh be to be generated and the broken bones to be strengthened by a Callus these are the work and business of Nature If the Wound be to be Agglutinated it is she that must do it and if the Excrements ought to be expelled this is likewise her Office And through the strength of Nature there happen Miracles oftentimes in Wounds Yea as he proveth in his 37. Chap. a strong Nature wil likewise bear out and overcome the Errors of the Chirurgeon committed in the Cure And so no doubt may those Chirurgeons that stil use the old way and Method of curing produce the like examples on their part That Student that was run through the Thorax his Lungs being withal wounded of whom we made mention in the 2. B. of our Practise 2 Part. Chap. 11. and a little above in the 3. Chap. of the Wounds of the Lungs was cured within the space of one Month the care of which Wound in regard that it was inward was chiefly to be committed to Nature and the cure thereof to be ascribed unto her and not either unto the old or the new way of Curing And Glandorpius relateth that a Wound of the Oesophagus was in twenty four daies drawn all over with a Cicatrice as you may find the relation in his Speculum Chirurgic Observat 30. And indeed I will in the next place most readily grant him that those frequent terebrations which seem somtimes to be instituted rather for the exercising of the Chirurgeons Body then for any need the Patient hath of them are not alwaies safe and that they somtimes bring more damage then benefit unto the sick person But yet that the Wounds of the Head are not to be uncovered before the fifth or the seventh day this I shall not so easily grant him seeing that such Wounds pass through divers parts and heap up divers sorts of Excrements and for the most part there is Blood collected between the Skul and the Membranes of the Brain which is therefore with al possible speed to be evacuated For which cause the Terebration also and the perforation of the Skul is somtimes necessary lest that this Blood if it be kept in putrifie and so cause grievous Symptoms Yea and as oftentimes it doth bring Death it self upon the wounded person which may likewise very easily happen if those Wounds should seldom be opened and cleansed Secondly The Reasons alleadged by Caesar Magatus and out of him by Ludovicus Septalius are of no great moment at least they carry not that weight in them that may perswade the rejecting of the old and usual way of curing Wounds First they mainly urge this and indeed herein chiefly consisteth the very strength and pith of this Opinion that the heat of the wounded part is to be preserved and they accuse Galen for that he hath omitted an indication of the greatest moment and that he hath troubled himself more then he needed in other things of far less moment and about the generating of Excrements in the Wound whereas if the innate heat be preserved there will be but very few Excrements bred and those that are will be such as can no waies hinder the glutination of the Wound Where we willingly grant and do confess that Nature as she is the Curer of other Diseases so she is the healer of Wounds likewise and that it is she alone and not the Medicaments that by the benefit of the Natural heat doth perform this glutination of Wounds and therefore that the innate heat and the natural temperament of the part is carefully to be preserved and cherished And this albeit that Galen hath passed it by in that place where he professedly treateth of the Cure of Wounds but whether he hath therein done well or ill I here dispute not yet notwithstanding in other places he often inculcates that there cannot possibly be any curing of the Wound unless the part obtain its own Natural temper and those very Medicaments which are called Sarcotick are provided for that very purpose the Conservation of the heat of the part as we said before in the precedent Chap. But here two Questions arise the first this whether the natural heat be preserved bettter in this new way or in that other old and wonted Method of curing and whether or no there be any necessity that more excrements should be generated in the old way then in this new manner of curing The Second Question is this whether the alone preservation of the Native heat be sufficient for the curing of the Wounds We deny both As for the First it shall be shewn in the following Arguments that the more rare and seldom opening and uncovering of Wounds is oftentimes more hurtful and prejudicial unto the Native heat then useful and serviceable thereto but on the contrary the more frequent uncovering of the Wound and as oft as there is need thereof is no way offensive unto the Native heat and that therfore it is not by reason of the uncovering of the Wound but by reason of the debility of the heat or the constitution of the part or the Body that those Excrements are generated For when there is blood poured forth in the Wound from hence it is that the heat and spirit is dissipated and the part rendered the weaker from whence it is likewise that in the Concoction that is made in the part there are very many Excrements generated And that somtimes fewer and somtimes more Excrements are generated in the Wound this is not therefore because that the Wound is more seldom or more frequently opened and uncovered but because the whol Body and the wounded part are more or less disposed unto the generation of the said Excrements But as for the Second to wit that the innate heat alone is not alwaies sufficient for the curing of the wound this is apparent since that there oftentimes so many impediments and obstacles cast in Natures way that unless they be by the Physitian removed and that indeed very frequently even every day Nature can by no means attain unto her end and drift The Pus first of all and the Excrements that are collected in the wound are to be evacuated and somtimes a passage forth likewise made for them as oft as need requireth by Tents and those Medicaments that cherish the heat dry up the Excrements and hinder the generating of them and help forward the Glutination of the wound are often to be laid on since that when they are once laid on they are soon defiled with the Pus and Sanies that is to say the thick and thinner Excrements of the wounds and thereby weakned and the virtue of them is likewise otherwise dissipated by the heat of the part And albeit
that is in the blood the virtue of the Medicament is carried and conveyed unto the wound For if all that whol blood were resolved into Atomes it would not be sufficient to fil up all that so great a space Neither have they as yet proved that the blood can send forth out of it self any such species And if by the benefit of the blood the virtue of the Medicament may be carried unto the wound why should it not then likewise carry to the wound the virtues of other things into the which out of wounded persons the blood is oftentimes abundantly poured out which yet we see that it doth not But now as for those things that they alleadg in special touching the Secundines and the first menstruous blood of Virgins and as for their asserting that if this blood be not rightly handled there is much hurt and damage brought unto those maydens these things are to be imputed unto the superstition of these young Women And if in woman kind the Secundines being cast forth into some unclean places bring damage unto these women from whom they came why is not the like done in bruit Creatures whose Secundines or after births being cast forth and buried in dung do oftentimes putrefy And in what place soever you dig and bury these secundines they yet notwithstanding rot and putrefy And why also do not the Molae or false conceptions which women use to burn bring any hurt and damage unto the Woman from whom it proceeded And why should the first menstruous blood if it be burnt bring damage unto the virgin and none of the rest These things being as we have said and the case thus standing there is no need of any further tedious dispute touching those virtues that this unguent is said to have in curing the Wound seeing that it is hitherto sufficiently proved that there cometh no virtue at all from this Unguent unto the Wound And if this Unguent had indeed any virtue at all in it either of preserving and cherishing the temperament or the innate heat of the part they commonly cal it the Balsam or of drying up the Excrements it would better and more commodiously exercise and put forth this virtue being anoynted upon the wounded part it self then upon the Weapon And besides all this if as some will have it the virtue and strength of this Medicament consist in the Blood and fat of Man why then do some of them likewise apply it unto the Wounds of other living Creatures to wit of Horses c. For how great is the Difference between a Man and a Horse But that Crollius and some others that I may not here altogether omit the mentioning of this also derive the vertue of this Medicament from the Heaven and therefore command the preparing of it in such a certain position of the Heavens Neither will that at al patronize this Cause For they have not as yet proved that there is in the Heavens or any of the Stars any virtue at all to heal Wounds or that if there were any such virtue in these that it doth so mingle it self with this Unguent that as if it were in a manner bound and shut up it may be carried up and down about with us and drawn forth into use and Act when we please And so likewise as touching the manner of using this Medicament this also hath no Foundation to uphold it neither doth it want for superstition For first of al seeing that they place the whole Cause of the Cure in this that the virtue of the Medicament is derived unto the Wound by the benefit of the natural Balsam that is in the Blood why then do they anoynt only the Weapon with the which the man was wounded or some other Weapon or a piece of Wood bloodied with the Blood of the Wound and why do they not as well anoynt his shirt or the other Garments of the wounded party or a Stone or any thing else what ever it be upon which the Blood hath been spilt or poured out and if not there is then some implicite underhand compact with the Devil to be suspected And moreover why if the wound be made with the pricking of a Sword do they anoynt the Sword in the point therof towards the hilt but if the wound be made by the Cut of a Sword then they anoynt it from the edge towards the back and if it appear how far and deep the Sword penetrated into the wound so far they anoynt it and no farther but if it doth not appear how far it pierced they then anoynt the Sword all over all which are no better then Superstitious Ceremonies and of which no Reason can be rendered For if the power and faculty of the Medicament be Natural what doth this or that manner of using it in the anoynting make to the thing it self and whether or no doth it add any new virtue and quality thereto If the vertues be Natural there is no need of any such Ceremonies as it plainly appeareth in all Natural things whatsoever The Load-stone draweth the Iron and the Iron being touched with the Load-stone is moved unto the North-pole without any of the aforesaid Ceremonies And furthermore some there are that anoynt the Weapon once every day others every Second or Third day and some content themselves with once only anoynting And some there are who that so they may not Erre in the anoynting wholly dip and plunge the Weapon or Sallow Wood that now and then serves in stead thereof into the Unguent kept in along Box or little Chest until the Wound be perfectly healed but they altogether neglect the Weapon it self that dip the Arms or that they make use of in their stead all over in the Unguent But others there are that keep the anoynted Weapon in any temperate place what ever it be and others likewise shut it up in a little Chest But al of them generally are exceeding Cautious in this that the Weapon be never kept in any place that is over hot or over cold and that it be not polluted with filth and impurities for if this should happen the Cure will by this means be hindered and a most grievous pain in the Wound procured unto the sick person All which are meerly frivolous and superstitious For seeing that as it is before sufficiently proved there cannot possibly be any action of the Weapon-Salve upon the wound at a far distance and interval of place from the Wound so likewise we say that it cannot possibly excite any pain And therefore we conclude that if this at any time happen it is then caused and procured by the help and assistance of some evil spirit And most certain it is that the Blood of wounded persons is not alwaies poured forth into clean places but oftentimes into places very noysom and unclean and that in the Winter time it is frozen and that the Bloody Linen Clothes are washed with warm Water and the wood be sprinkled
with the Blood oftentimes burnt and yet nevertheless the sick person doth not hereupon feel any pain or suffer any damage whatsoever And furthermore we say that they attribute unto this Unguent things altogether impossible and those virtues all which are never to be found in any one Natural Medicament For they affirm that by this Unguent may be Cured all wounds whatever whether inflicted by downright cutting or pricking by a fal or any thing cast at the party But great is the diversity of Wounds according to the various Circumstances that attend them and therefore there is not required one only Medicament but divers Medicaments are required unto the Curing of them A Wound inflicted by a sharp and keen Weapon is Cured without the generating of much Pus but in that which is from a blunt Weapon whatsoever is bruised must of necessity al of it convert into Pus And there is also an exceeding great difference of the parts In a fleshy part especially when the man is of a sound and healthy Constitution the Wound is easily Cured but much harder is that Wound to be cured that is inflicted upon the Brain Nerves Tendons and Ligaments especially the greater ones such as are those in the Hams They promise the Patient likewise that the Cure of the Wound shal be altogether without pain which in all parts to perform is a thing altogether impossible For certainly if a Nerve be prickt there is no man that can make good his promise that here in this no pain shall afflict the Party And that we may now conclude whatsoever may be further said in this Controversie the Curing of the Wound that is ascribed unto this Weapon-Salve as hath been said is for the most part to be a attributed unto Nature whose work alone it is to Cure not only light and trivial Wounds but oftentimes also Wounds most grievous and ful of danger Which appeareth even from this that there are so many several desciptions given us of this Unguent and that there have been some who instead of this compound Weapon-Salve have made use of Lard only or Hogs fat and yet notwithstanding the Wound have been Cured which Johannes Colerius testifieth as before we alleadged him that he himself had seen as we may find it in the before cited place of his Oeconomicks But now if upon the administring of this Medicament some most grievous Wound shal be healed which may seem altogether to transcend the power of Nature this cometh to pass by the power of the Devil himself drawn thereunto by some compact either explicite or implicite Neither is the suspition hereof any waies to be lessened or removed by what is said by some to wit that all the simples that make up the Composition of this Medicament Unguent or as it is commonly called Weapon-Salve are all of them altogether Natural and that in the Composition hereof or the anoynting therewith there are neither Characters nor Conjurations nor Charms and Inchantments made use of For the Devil doth oftentimes hide and conceal the Compact that he makes not only under Characters and Consecrations or a certain form of words but likewise even under things Natural if at his command which is done indeed in the first and explicite Compact wherein others that administer and apply the same things implicitely and inconsiderately may likewise involve themselves things that are Natural be made use of for other purposes then what they were Created for by God and oftentimes Diabolical and Magical Actions are concealed and obtruded under the veil of Magnetick Actions And therefore although it be granted that by this Unguent the wounded person is healed which yet nevertheless is as we have said wrought by the benefit of Nature yet it is not impossible but that the Devil that he may destroy the Soul by Gods permission in many things may help the Body after a certain manner yet it is very Credible in regard that he is the implacable enemy of Mankinde and evermore ready and provided to do them all manner of hurt and mischief that he may seduce and draw men as far as lieth in his power from God the Creator and Author of all good and from the Means by him ordained unto things superstitious and unwarrantable practises Chap. 11. Of Altering Medicaments and Vulnerary Potions VVE told you before that there are two sorts of Medicaments that are made use of in the Curing of Wounds external and internal Touching the external we have hitherto spoken we will therefore now in this Chapter handle the internal Now those are of two Sorts some only altering and some in special called vulnerary Altering Medicaments are Coolers Thickners and such as are but lightly lest they might otherwise breed obstructions Astringent which are to this end administred that they may hinder the Humors that they easily wax not hot become fluxile and receive a putridness And such are made of Succory Endive Sorrel Plantane Tormentil Roses Purslane Water Lilly Borrage Saunders Juyce of Citron Juyce of Pome-Granates Harts-Horn Margarites and Coralls out of which there are made Decoctions distilled Waters Syrups Electuaries and Potions Whether Vulnerary potions are to be made use of And moreover there are made use of certain Medicaments potions more espcially that are termed vulnerary Touching which notwithstanding Authors differ amongst themselves For some of them among whom is Balduinus Roussaeus in his Medicinal Epistles Epist 66. do indeed admit of them in those wounded parts unto which these kinde of Potions do reach as the Gullet Stomack and Intestines and then they have in a manner the place of Topick Medicaments but in the external parts they reject them The Nagative for these Causes First Because that in the writings of Hippocrates and the Ancient Physitians they finde no mention made of these vulnerary potions Secondly because that by Reason of the distance of the Scituation they will not beleeve that these potions can possibly penetrate unto the extream Limbs or the Head nor yet unto the greater and thicker Guts unto which therefore when they are wounded Medicaments may more commodiously be injected by Clysters then given to drink yea they conceive that those Astringents that for the most part are mingled therewith may hinder that those Medicaments may not penetrate unto the more deep and inward parts Thirdly Because thac there is a great difference between the Medicaments out of which these potions are prepared since that some of them are hot and opening as Betony Speed-well Mugwort Avens Carduus Benedictus c. as also Cold and Astringent as great Comfrey Winter green Hors-Tail Burnet Tormentil c. So that it doth not sufficiently appear of what faculty the Medicaments ought to be out of which these potions are prepared and what virtues these potions have in them Fourthly whenas yet notwithstanding they are most of them Astringent they think that being administred they bring more hurt then good and benefit unto the Patient in regard that
under the left Arm-pit and worn will in like manner preserve the man inviolable and not to be hurt by any Wound And there are some also who Wound their Skin and then they put upon the Wound these kinde of Parchments or some other things Charactered as before and so they Conglutinate the said wound and close it up And there are likewise without doubt many other such like waies and means well known to Souldiers in the discovery of which I intend not at all to be Curious or in the least to trouble my self If enquiry be made after the Authors of these Diabolical Practises The Authors of this practise the prime and chief of them are for the most part unknown and these things are by the incautious Souldiers derived from one to another and from hand to hand And if we should trace the Authors out even unto the very first of them we shall finde the first Author hereof was doubtless some Devil and wicked Spirit as we shall anon shew you They do acknowledg that oftentimes hang-men or the common Executioners are the Authors of this wicked Artifice as being a generation of Men for the most part much addicted unto Magick And so the Passavian Art as they cal it because that it first came to be known in that Army which being raised about Passavium afterwards in the yeer 1611. brake into Bohemia took Prague and was every where divulged up and down the Country and throughout Germany at the first was communicated and made known unto the Souldiers by the common Executioner of that place If you enquire into the reason hereof they first of all pretend experience and they alleadg likewise great persons Princes and worthyes who have by their Experiments found the truth hereof and so have left it unto us as a Probatum that any one may in this manner and by this means render himself inviolable and so as not to be hurt by any kinde of Weapons And moreover some there are that derive the virtue and Cause of this effect from the Constellations and therefore it is that they teach us to make those Seals which they cal Periapta and Pentacula under certain Constellations But in very truth we deny not this indeed that such things as this may thus be done and that they have been made use of by great persons Princes and others but the Question is now touching this whether such like practises as these may be wrought by any Natural means and whether a Christian Man or Woman may lawfully and without Impiety in this manner render himself inviolable and impenetrable or else whether or no whatsoever shall be done in this kinde be not done by Magick and the Diabolical Art and by a compact with the Devil and so therfore that it is altogether unlawful impious and wicked for any one in this manner to make his Body impenetrable Thus to do simply unlawful In which Question we indeed defend the latter opinion and we positively assert that all the power virtue and efficacy of the Means aforesaid proceed from a compact and agreement with the Devil and so consequently from the Devil himself and thereupon that he whosoever he be that shal by this kinde of Means endeavour to fence and guard his Body against the violence of Weapons shall by thus doing attempt a thing altogether impious and unbesitting a Christian Reason proving the unlawfulness of thus Practise For First of al most certain it is that there is no such virtue either in Metals or in sheets of Paper or Parchment of themselves and in their own Nature but that they perform whatsoever is done as they are marked with the aforesaid Characters But now there can be no such virtue or efficacy in Figures and Characters and therefore it will necessarily follow that it proceedeth from some higher power and this must be either from God and the good Angels or else from the Devil that wicked Spirit But it is no where extant in Holy Writ that ever God did either by himself or the Ministery of the good Angels work any such thing or that he ever promised so to do And who is there that can beleeve that such an abuse of sacred Words and other such like superstitious practises as have been before related should be approved of by those good Angels and therefore we must beleeve that they proceed from the Devil And thus the Devil that he may seduce and withdraw men from the Worship and Service of Almighty God and devote them unto himself he maketh an Agreement and compact with any one that will hearken unto him that if he wil forsake God and become his he will then make him free and inviolable from the violence of all Weapons whatsoever so long as he shall carry about him such like Seals or Periapta as they are commonly called or shall devour the aforesaid Characters inscribed upon Paper Unto which Compact they render themselves Obnoxious and give their Consents who ever they be that make use of the above mentioned Characters For those Characters are the Devils Alphabet if I may so term it and as it were the Military pawn and Engagement by which he knows and acknowledgeth them when they implore his help and assistance For albeit there are some who here conceive themselves to be altogether free from all Idolatry superstition and impiety and that they have herein no compact nor commerce with the Devil yet nevertheless they are herein greatly deceived so long as they make use of Means that were never ordained by God but such as are of the Devils Institution For there is a twofold compact with the Devil to wit Mediate A Compact with the Devil twofold and immediate or explicite and implicite The immediate and explicite is when any one shall make use of means immediately delivered into his Hands by the Devil himself But the Mediate or Implicite Compact is then when any person shall make use of such means as were at first prescribed by the Devil but yet such as he hath not received immediatly from the Devil himself but hath had them by others and from Hand to Hand delivered unto him Both which we finde forbidden and contrary to the Law of God which forbiddeth us to have any other Gods Neither is it any whit to the purpose that which many object when they say that it is no way probable that compacts which others have entered into with the Devil the guilt thereof should become theirs and bring them under the like impiety seeing saith they that it is the consent of the Covenanters that makes the compact for in that Compact implicite or Mediate as I have said the consent is not altogether wanting For whereas every one that hath but so much soundness of minde yet lest him that he knows how to shun Rocks and avoid the pit that stands wide open and ready to devour him will easily acknowledg that those Characters or Words have no such
fetcht and brought unto him from heaven it self And thus the senses of Men being possessed and lying under a threefold Obligation hath increased and grown up unto so great a heighth that even at this day it is very prevalent in most Nations and in the East especially it hath a commanding power over such Kings as have Kings for their subjects The Reconciler Difference 101 from that of Ptolomy in his Centiloquy that the faces of sublunaries are subject unto the Celestial Aspects that is to say the species of the Living Creatures of this inferior world are subject to the Caelestial images concludeth and positively determineth that the Caelestial sign Scorpio hath the predominance over al inferior Scorpions and the Serpent over all Serpents here upon Earth But grant indeed that it be so which yet Nevertheless they have no way proved that these inferior Earthly Scorpions are subject unto the sign of the Scorpion in the Heavens yet what is all this to the Scorpion carved and engraven upon the precious Stone Certainly a Dog or Scorpion engraven or pictured is not of the same kind nor under the same Genus with the living Creature Dog or Scorpion There are others that say that this virtue is instilled into these Seals from Heaven and the Stars and that the Astral Spirit that hath its influence and is sent upon them doth not only accommodate it self unto those Metals precious Stones and those plants but that it doth likewise secretly intermingle it self even with their very substance and that in the very first Creation it obtained a Mutual and Sympathetical consent with them then a Familiarity and Lastly soon after a Continuation also with them But let it indeed be granted that the Heavens and the Stars do not only as Erastus will have it in this Quest Part 1. Disputat against Paracelsus Page 151. warm these inferior Bodies and enlighten them and that in this manner they do as a Common and general cause at all times produce one and the same effect in all things here below but let it likewise be determined that there are some certain peculiar Stars that work upon these inferior Bodies by their secrets and occult influences and that they do peculiarly affect those things with which they have the aforesaid familiarity and that one Star hath a familiarity with the Adamant another with the Rose and a third with some other Plant But I pray what maketh all this for the engraving and inscribing of Figures and Characters seeing that the Stars communicate their virtues unto things here below in a meer Natural way without any prescript or Artifice of ours And wherefore do not the Stars and Constellations infuse those their virtues equally and indifferently into Metals or precious Stones whilest they are whole and entire and before they are engraven and inscribed with any Characters as they do afterwards if these men speak truth into those that have such like Characters Carved and Engraven upon them And certain it is that Paeony gathered at such a fit season of the year as also other Plants and all things else whatsoever that are made use of instead of Natural Amulets do put forth their virtues and so likewise the Load-stone draweth the Iron and is moved unto the Pole without any kinde of Figure or Character engraven thereon And hereupon Galen rightly determineth that the Jasper stone hath the very same virtues whether the sign of the Scorpion be carved upon it yea or no. And Henricus Cornelius Agrippa seemeth to differ but very little from this opinion who in his 1 B. of occult Philosoph and 33. Chap. thus writeth touching the thing in Controversie All the Stars saith he have their own proper Natures Proprieties and Conditions the Signs and Characters whereof they do by their Raies and Beams produce likewise even in these inferior Bodies to wit in the Elements in pretious Stones in Plants in Animals and their Members Whereupon it is that every thing whatsoever from its Harmonical disposition and from its own Star Iradiating and Darting its Beams upon it obtaineth some special Sign and Character imprinted upon it that is significative of that Star or Harmony and containing some special virtue in it self differing from others either in general or in special or in the number of the matter praeexistent Every thing therefore hath its own Character imprinted upon it for the working of some peculiar effect by its own Star and especially by that which above all other things hath the sovereign power and predominance over it and these Characters contein within themselves and so also they likewise retein these proper Natures of their own Stars as also their virtues and Roots and they produce the like operations with them on other things upon which they are reflected and they also draw forth and help forward the influences of their own Stars whether Planets or even fixed Stars also and Celestial signs and Images to wit as often as they are wrought and fashioned in a due and fit matter in their own due and proper time and with due and fitting Solemnities And there he also delineateth very strange and admirable letters and Characters proper and peculiar unto each of the Planets And therefore if any one desire and seek after the virtues of any Star the thing that is subject unto that Star is to be engraven upon somwhat that he wears about him As for instance if any one desire to have the virtue and influence of the Sun let him then take Gold and engrave upon it the Character of that Planet at that very time when the virtues of the said Planet are most strong and vigorous But these are all meerly grounded upon a false supposition whereas they take that for granted which indeed was never yet by us neither will it ever be granted unto them For first of al Agrippa and others do attribute unto these Seals many such like virtues as we may see frequently in divers places of their Descriptions which in very truth cannot be the Natural virtues of any Star And Paracelsus in the fourth B. of his Archidox Magic teacheth us how we may make a Bodkin and paint and inscribe upon it certain Characters and then he affirmeth that if any one shal with Chalk make a circle against a wal and in the very Centre thereof fix the sayd Bodkin all the flies neer that place wil come and sit upon the sayd Circle and these remain until such time as the Bodkin shall be again pulled out of the Wall But let Apella the Jew believe this for indeed I shal not And yet notwithstanding there are at this day those that do not only believe this but endeavour likewise by their publique writings to perswade others hereunto and these conceive that this virtue is by those Characters derived from the Constellations But let them shew us what Star it is that hath this commanding power over these Flies Beelzebub is indeed called the god of Flies And without all
the Shoulder be broken a Linen ball is then to be bound under the Wing thereof and the binding is not to be loosened before the seventh day unless there happen somthing else Let the sick person lie on the opposite side and let him all he can keep the part in quietness Chap. 16 Of the Fracture of the Sternum or Breast-bone THe Sternum or Breast-bone it self is somtimes broken either by a fal or by a blow Signs Diagnostick Which is known from the pain and especially from the inequality which is discovered by the touch and at the compression of the Fingers the broken bone retireth inwardly and there is a certain sound or noise heard and there where the bone is broken there may be notice taken of a Cavity And there is also difficulty of breathing the Cough and spitting of Blood that for the most part follow thereupon Prognosticks 1. The Fracture of the Stern is very dangerous in regard that by reason of the Pleura Membrane which is easily hurt together with the Stern and the noble parts that lie under it it is wont to attract sad and grievous Evils 2. But yet it is consolidated in twenty or twenty four daies in regard that it is spungy and thin The Cure Now that this bone when it is broken and depressed may be restored again unto its own seat the sick person being laid flat upon his Back a Pillow is to be put under the Spina or Back bone over against the Fracture and by some Servant of the Chirurgeon the Shoulder is on both sides to be pressed down but let the Chirurgeon himself with his Hand press together the Ribbs on both sides and so let him bring back the broken bones into their places And after this those Medicaments that are wont to be administred in other Fractures and which prevent Inflammation and serve for the Conglutination of the Fracture are to be imposed and the binding is to be instituted with fit Swathes above the Shoulders in the Cross Figure of the letter X and this binding must not be over hard lest it hinder the breathing Chap 17 Of the Fracture of the Ribbs ANd sometimes also the Ribbs are broken from violent causes as a fall a blow or the like But now the Ribbs are sometimes so cleft as Celsus writeth in his 8 B. and Chapt. 9. that indeed not the top of the bone but the inward part thereof which is thin may be hurt and sometimes so that this fal hath wholly broken them And indeed the broken bones do sometimes decline inwardly and sometimes they stick forth outwardly and sometimes notwithstanding that they are wholly broken yet they are not moved out of their proper places and sometimes likewise the flesh about the Ribbs is battered and bruised Signs Diagnostick If the Whole Ribb be not broken then neither is there any blood spit forth neither any fever following thereupon nor any thing suppurated or but very rarely neither is there present any great pain and yet nevertheless this place is lâ—ghtly pained even upon the very touch But if the Ribb be wholly broken and yet the broken extremityes thereof not moved out of their places by being either driven inwardly or forced into the Exterior part there are but very few that are hereupon taken with a fever And many there are also that do not at all spit blood neither is there any Pus contracted in the Chests of some and those indeed not a few But if the Ribb be both wholly broken and the extremityes thereof moved out of their places there is then a certain inequallity or unevenness and Cavity that may be both discovered by the sight as also by the touch and there is likewise a certain ratling noyse heard unto which also there are divers other symptoms Joyned There is present a very great and grievous pain and especially if the internal part of the Ribb be broken and this pain much resembleth the pain of such as have the Pleurisy the breathing is very difficult the Cough extremely troublesom and now and then likewise spitting of blood followeth thereupon the Lungs soaking in the blood flowing forth of the broken vessells and a feaver is also herewithall joyned and accompanyeth the same But more especially two evills there are that usually attend the Fracture of the Ribbs The first whereof is the puffing up of the flesh lying upon the Ribb which is discovered both by the touch and sight and if the place be pressed together with the hand there is heard a certain noyse and sound of the Air going forth thereof Unto which unless timely Remedies be administred in the second place an Inflammation and a fever and an Impostume are wont to succeed The cause of which thing is the separation of the flesh from the bone and a weakness brought upon the part with the blow which cannot therefore sufficiently concoct the Aliment that by reason of the pain is more abundantly attracted and flowerh thereunto which remayneth thereupon partly crude and is partly resolved into vapours and flatulencies or windiness And somtimes the Corruption of the Ribbs is wont likewise to follow this Malady For when the flesh is separated from the bone the Air getteth in in the place thereof by the contact and impression whereof the bone is offended and corrupted Prognosticks 1. If the Fracture be single without any Contusion or bruising of the parts lying neer thereunto there is then little or no danger at all and the Ribbs will grow together again within twenty days 2. But if the flesh about the Ribbs be battered and bruised then the evil is very dangerous by reason of those symptoms that as we have before told you do happen herupon somtimes deadly Touching which Hippocrates in his 3. B. of the Joynts Text. 65. if the Contusion sayth he or the bruising that is caused about the Ribbs be neglected although upon this a worse Mischief doth not follow yet notwithstanding it hath the flesh more soft and spungy in the bruised place then it was before and where such flesh is so left and not by curing thereof restored unto a good habit the thing is so much the worse if filth and snottiness be left about the bone itself in regard that the flesh wil now no more fasten unto the bone in like manner as formerly and in regard that the bone it self is rendered more apt and ready for diseases and for this very cause many have their bones vitiated because that the evil is a long while protracted ere it can be Cured 3. And thirdly likewise the Fracture is ful of danger if the Ribb be driven inward and there prick or wound the Pleura Membrane and then almost al those symptoms that are wont to infest those that have a pleurisy do follow upon the sayd fracture and the Cure is scarcely ever perfectly accomplished in less then fourty days The Cure If the whole Ribb be not broken or if wholly broken yet not removed out of
bent and moved Prognosticks Whenas this Articulation is more loose the Patel Bone may easily be restored to its seat The Cure That the Patel bone may be reduced into its seat let the Patient stand firmly upright upon a place but let the Chirurgeon with his hands force the Patel Bone from that part into which it is fallen to that from whence it is fallen when the Bone is restored to its place fit Medicines must be laid upon it and the hollow of the Knee must be filled up with Bolsters that the Thigh cannot be bent then a hollow piece of the figure of the Patel Bone must be placed about it especially on the side to which it fel that the Patient may not bend his Knee When there is no more danger lest the Parel Bone fal out again let the Patient by degrees accustom to bend his Knee again Chap. 11. Of the Knee Luxated THe Knee may not only be Subluxated but it may suffer a perfect Luxation and truly oftentimes fals to the inward and outward part seldom to the hinder part but seldomest of al to the fore part and not unless from a most violent cause in regard that the opposition of the Patel Bone doth hinder it The Causes This Luxation also happens from blows fals jumping vehement running and an uncomely extension or contraction and distorsion of the Legg Signs Diagnostick To what part the Knee is Luxated is easily known for in the side to which the joynt is broke forth a bunching out but a Cavity in the side from which it is departed is discoverable both by the sight and touch its figure is depraved the Thigh is extended and cannot be bent whence the motion is necessarily depraved or wholly lost Prognosticks 1. The Knee if it be compared with the Elbow the joynt in the Knee by reason of its manner of juncture oftener fals out and is easier reduced For the structure of the Bones with which both joynts are contained is more straight in the Elbow more loose in the Knee besides many processes and many bosoms joyned to one another do every where bind up the joynting of the Elbow but in the Knee the bunchings forth of the Thigh are cast into the smal Bosoms of the Leg. 2. For the same cause a Luxation of the knee is less dangerous nor doth an Inflammation easily happen for whenas an Inflammation ariseth from the force with which the bones are expelled and reduced again and the pain arising from hence because in the Knee the joynt may fal forth and be reduced without any great force there is no fear of an Inflammation The Cure The Knee luxated to the inward and outward part is not hard to be restored by moderate extension made either with the hands in a new Luxation and childs body or with reins in a Luxation not so late and stronger bodies and with forcing the bones with the hand into the contrary part from which they sel But a Luxation made backwards is commodiously restored if the Patient be placed with his Face on a Bench and some servant put a Linen Globe into the hollow of the Ham at what part the Bone sticks forth and strongly force the bone fallen forth towards the fore parts but let the Chirurgeon take hold of the lame Leg with both hands and of a sudden so bend and bow it that his Heel touch his Buttocks A Knee Subluxated by none or very little extension made and forcing it to the contrary part is reduced into its place When the Bone is reduced which is known by the free exten sion of the Leg and comparing it with the other Knee convenient Medicines must be laid upon it and binding up must be ordered and the Patient must forbear going til there be no more fear of a new Luxation Chap. 12 Of the Distraction of the Bracer THe Bracer adheres to the greater Bone of the Leg and as it was said in the former Chapter above to the Knee below the Ankle but 't is drawn from the great Bone three waies to wit To the fore part and both sides The Causes But this Divulsion comes from those Causes from which we said the Knee was luxated especially when walking in a slippery place the foot is not firm but dubiously is wrinched inwardly or outwardly the same may be by a fal from on high or by a blow Signs Diagnostick A Tumor appears in the part to which the Bracer is distracted and is discovered by the sight and touch and motion is hurt The Prognostick The reducing of the Bracer is easie The Cure For by the hands of the Chirurgeon it may easily be compelled and brought back into its seat by forcing it into that part contrary to its fal afterwards convenient binding up must be ordered putting bolsters to that part to which the Bracer is fallen and rest for some weeks must be commanded the Patient til the Ligaments are confirmed again Chap. 13 Of a Luxation of the Foot and its Bones and of the Toes BY the word Foot we understand al that part of Mans Body reaching out from the lower part of the Leg to the very ends of the Toes which contains divers Bones after divers manners joynted together and united by Membranous Ligaments to wit The Ankle the Heel the Ship-like Bone the Tarsus Metatarsus and Bones of the Toes of the Luxations of al which we should now speak but because the Bones of the Tarsus Metatarsus and Toes are here united almost after the same manner as the Bones of the Wrist after-Wrist and Fingers are to one another they are subject also to the same Luxations have the same causes are known by the same signs and are reduced the same way but the ship-like bone may suffer the same things as the Bones of the Tarsus it is not worth our labor to add much of these but those things which are said of the bones of the Hand may also be applied to these Luxation of the Ankle and Heel Some things only we shal add of the Luxation of the Ankle and Heel whenas no Bones in the Hand do answer unto these The Differences The Ankle joyned with the greater and lesser focil by a Ginglymus may be luxated perfectly and imperfectly to every part to wit The outward inward fore and back part But the Heel lying under the Ankle is often moved indeed more forward and backward but seldom to the sides The Causes The Luxation of these parts is from a violent fal a blow or some other inconvenient distorsion of the Foor But in particular the Heel is luxated and pulled from the Ankle if one leaping from on high do fal and stick heavily upon the Heel or in dancing doth insist much upon the Heel The Signs Diagnostick The Ankle if it be fallen to the outward part the lower part of the Foot is turned inwardly if to the inward part there are contrary signs if it be luxated to the fore part the broad Tendon