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cause_n	lord_n	see_v	time_n	3,269	5	3.4669	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16264	The new-found politicke Disclosing the secret natures and dispositions as well of priuate persons as of statesmen and courtiers; wherein the gouernments, greatnesse, and power of the most notable kingdomes and common-wealths of the world are discouered and censured. Together with many excellent caueats and rules fit to be obserued by those princes and states of Christendome, both Protestants and papists, which haue reason to distrust the designes of the King of Spaine, as by the speech of the Duke of Hernia, vttered in the counsell of Spaine, and hereto annexed, may appeare. Written in Italian by Traiano Boccalini ... And now translated into English for the benefit of this kingdome.; De' ragguagli di Parnaso. English	Boccalini, Traiano, 1556-1613.; Vaughan, William, 1577-1641.; Florio, John, 1553?-1625.; Scott, Thomas, 1580?-1626. Newes from Pernassus.; Boccalini, Traiano, 1556-1613. Pietra del paragone politico.	1626 (1626)	STC 3185; ESTC S106274	157,616	256

and malicious detractions lest he should sinke and be swallowed vp hee was forced to fling all his goods and merchandize ouer-board And the miserable wretch had already lost the maine mast of his hopes and his merits had a great leake and drew in abundance of water of desperation when loe his vessell rushed and split against the marble rock of the ingratitude of a most vnthankfull Prince Then followed a most strange thing which was that after so disastrous an encounter the vessell of that Courtiers seruice being split wrackt and sunke the storme of Court-persecutions ceased the Sea of the Princes indignation was calmed and the rocke which had caused that miserable wracke was conuerted into a most safe hauen the Courtiers vessell but ere-while ouerwhelmed of it selfe start vp out of the waues more faire more strong and in better plight than euer it had beene before And the merchandize of his merits of it selfe was laded againe which not long after he vttered and vented at a very deare rate trucking and changing the same for great dignities eminent titles and rich reuenues This accident seemed very strange vnto the Lords Pilots and vnto all the Congregation nor could they sufficiently wonder how it could be possible that in the land-nauigation the most vnhappie wrackes of some might serue as great felicities to others Now the Congregation continuing in trying of new experiments enioyned a sly-witty Courtier to hoise and display the sailes of his talent towards a wind that blew from South and happily sailing and keeping towards the North after many dayes sayling the Pilot-courtier desirous to see where he was he with his Astrolabe measured the altitude of the Pole of his merit and to his great wonderment found that hauing continually kept the prow of his faithfull seruice towards the North of his Princes interresse hee had made his voyage Southward Of so strange a disorder the Courtier at first accused himselfe that as hee should haue done he had not steered the helme of his faithfull minde towards the North of his Princes good seruice But when both with his sailing-card and with his ship-guide compasse in his hand he assured himselfe that he had euermore guided the ship of his actions in an euen and honest line he plainly perceiued that the errour or mistaking of his vnluckie voyage proceeded so because the North of his Princes affection had suffered it selfe to to be turned towards the South by certain wicked and maleuolent whisperers which he hath alwaies about him Then Vespucci Gama and other Pilots besought the Lords of the Congregation to giue ouer the businesse as a desperate cure and said that nothing yeelded the nauigation by sea more sure or safe than the immutabilitie of the North-starre And that by the last most vnfortunate experience it hauing euidently appeared that the mindes of Princes which are the infallible North-starre of land-nauigation suffering themselues so often and so easily to be turned remoued and circumgired by lewd and wicked people of the Court to aduenture to saile the tempestuous Ocean of the Courts was a resolution not fitting wise men but desperate persons In this interim the Lords of the Congregation might see a most elegant spruce Courtier who for the space of more than threescore yeares had so happily sailed both in the Court of Rome and in others that he had not only surmounted outragious storms of ruthlesse blasts and boistrous winds of persecutions but had euen shiuered and broken the very same huge rocks on which he had split wrackt his vessel but that afterwards when with a most pleasant gale and prosperous wind on the height of his felicitie he pursued his course onely for that he vnfortunately hit vpon a rush of an impertinencie of a base Catch-pole he was vtterly cast away An accident which caused such distraction in the Congregation that the Lords ioyntly resolued to haue but one triall more made and then be quiet by a Courtier that was readie to set saile and him they commanded to hoise and spread all his sailes But so it happened that whilest he held on his course in a coast deemed of all men most safe and dangerlesse his ship vnheedily or by chance hit vpon a rocke and was wholly split and wrackt which the Lords of the Congregation seeing they all bitterly bewailed the ignorance and vnheedinesse of the Courtier for so much as hee could not auoid that rocke But he made manifest demonstration to them all that it was not marked in the sailing-card Whereupon all the Pilots casting their eyes vpon great Ptolomey as if they silently accused him of ignorance hauing omitted that rocke which so well deserued to be marked in his Card and had been the cause of so disastrous a mischiefe But Ptolomey hauing first well viewed the place and considered the countrey thereabout did euidently demonstrate vnto the Lords that no man liuing had euer before that time seene any shelfe or rocke in that place and therefore he had not marked it in his Card but that it suddenly grew and started vp in the very instant that the vpfortunate Courtier hit and ranne vpon it Now the Lords of the Congregation perceiuing that in the nauigation by land huge rockes did euery hand-while spring vp and grow in a moment euen in the middest of fields and other places supposed most safe to be nauigated in the darkest night they concluded their businesse to bee desperate and their attempt impossible And therefore dismissing the Congregation they straitly commanded that in the perillous Land-nauigation no man should dare to goe a iourney except at high noone and withall euery man should carry a great Lanterne of wisdome with a burning Taper therein in the prow of his proceeding morning and euening with his bare knees on the ground and hands heaued vp to heauen humbly beseeching the Maiesty of the euerliuing God to send them good successe since that for one to bring the Ship of his hopes into a Court as into a safe heauen doth rather depend from the immediate aide and assistance of God than from any humane wisdome whatsoeuer The Lord Iohn de la Casa hauing presented his quaint Galateo or booke of Manners vnto Apollo meeteth with great difficulties in diuers Nations about their promises to obserue the same Rag. 28. 1 Part. THE Right Reuerend Lord Iohn de la Casa who as wee wrote vnto you by our last was with great solemnity admitted into Parnassus where after he had visited these illustrious Poets and complemented with all the learned Princes of this Court hee presented his right quaint and profitable Booke of Galateo vnto Apollo which his Maiestie did so highly commend that immediately he strictly commanded it should inuiolably be obserued by all Nations And at the same instant enioyned the said Lord to compose a Galatea since it was manifestly knowne that the Ladies of these moderne times haue as much need to be corrected in their euill and depraued manners as men

Chaine was increased with fiue most preiudiciall links presently whereupon the Politicall Smiths were called who very carefully made an assay of the yron added to the Chaine and they found that the first linke was forged at Piombino the other at Finale the third at Correggio the fourth at Porto Lungone and the last at M●naco Greatly did the Princes maruell at the strangenesse of this accident and many of them were ashamed that through their carelesse simplicitie the Spaniards had increased the Chaine of the Italian seruitude much more in peace than they could haue done in war with foure Armies With these strange exorbitances the Italian Princes were so incensed against the Spaniards that they told them freely how if they did not containe themselues within the bounds of honesty and modesty if the Italian files would not suffice to reduce that miserable Chaine to his due measure they would make vse of the French and if with them neither they could obtaine their intent they would procure enough from England and Germany yea and in case of desperation they would not sticke to furnish themselues with those excellent damasked ones that are made in Turkie Whilest the Italian Princes were in this contestation there arriued a Poste which in all haste had beene dispatched out of Italy vnto them with this certaine aduertisement That the Spaniards were forging another linke in Sauoy to be added vnto the Chaine of their seruitude in regard of which newes the renowned Venetian Liberty instantly opened her famous Arsenall and all the Princes of Italy ran to arme themselues the warlike French Monarchy commanded her Nobilitie to horse all Germany put themselues in order to passe the mountaines and the numerous Fleets of the English and Hollanders set saile towards the Straits of Gibraltar when iust in the nick euen as all the World was in Armes a new Poste arriued who pacified the minds of men with this intelligence That indeed it was true how the Spaniards had laboured with all possible industry to forge that most important Linke of Sauoy but that they had sweat in vaine because in the soldering it broke CHAP. 11. The Duke d'Alva being arriued at Parnassus in complementing with Prospero Colonna they fall foule about defrauding the Colones● of their Titles DOn Hernando de Toledo Duke d'Alva a few daies since arriued at Parnassus and by expresse order from Apollo a diligent examination of his actions being made by the military men he was found worthy to be admitted into Parnassus amongst those famous Captains which without effusion of bloud knew how to vanquish an enemy more by patience and art than by open force or valour that durst hazard the fortune of Kingdoms vpon the doubtfull chance of a Battell But because Lodouic● Guicciardino an vnderstanding Writer of the affaires of Flanders had preferred a Complaint how that for certaine matters not very pleasing which he had written of the Duke hee had beene ill intreated by him therefore he staied a long time to cleare himselfe of such an imputation for there was an Edict of Apollo very rigorously obserued in Parnassus whereby that Prince or priuate man was declared to be infamous which durst offer any wrong to any Historian or other Writer for things written by him not very honourable but yet true Howbeit of such power were the Dukes friends that Guicciardino was contented to reuoke his complaint whereupon with all the greatest solemnitie hee was admitted into Parnassus and had a place in his Maiesties Company of men at Armes which was commanded by that famous Quintus Fabius Maximus who for the excellencie of his well-aduised warinesse was surnamed Cunctator And it hapned that amongst the other Princes and Captaines which the said Duke visited one was the most excellent Lord Prospero Colonna by whom he was receiued with all kinde of honour and so much the more because hee vnderstood that the Duke made a publike profession of being the disciple follower and imitator of his slow but sure way of making warre Howbeit a strange and troublesome accident fell out in this visitation for at the first meeting the Duke hauing giuen the Lord Prospero the Title of your Honour he was so incensed with disdaine that taking himselfe to be highly wronged by so vile a title with an angry voice he said Duke I had thought thou wert come hither to honour one that is greater than thy selfe not to vndervalue him but because it is the fashion of the Colonesi to answer the iniuries of words with deeds goe out of this house and in the street with my sword in mine hand I will proue vnto thee that all those which vse such base termes to men of my ranke deserue not to be admitted into the company of honourable persons The Duke remained much astonished to see that great Captaine take the matter so hainously at his hands and going to withstand the Lord Prospero who offered to thrust him out of the chamber they fell to grapple one with another And because the Spaniards which were in company with the Duke seeing him in such termes with Colonna entred into the chamber to assist him the Italians which belonged vnto the Lord Prospero did the like whereupon in regard of the number of persons in so strait a place there ensued a cruell fray the noise whereof comming into the street was the cause that the newes of so dangerous an accident was suddenly carried to Apollo who in all haste dispatched thither the Regent of the Vicaria with the guard of Archers who freed the Duke out of the Lord Prosperoes hands and the vprore being quieted he commanded the Spaniards that had beene very ill handled to returne home to their houses Thereupon the Lord Prospero to preuent any sinister information that might haue beene giuen against him presented himselfe before Apollo vnto whom the same goeth with a troubled countenance hee vsed these words Sir it is well knowne that men of the family of Colonna of the quality I am of haue alwaies inioyed the title of Excellencie Antequam Abraham fieret and ere the Spaniards were in rerum natura wherefore for that Nation to abuse a man of my ranke as the Duke d'Alva did me but now is most insupportable for if the vilenesse of him that offended doth infinitely aggrauate the iniurie with him that is offended how is it possible that an Italian Baron of my quality should containe himselfe within the bounds of modestie seeing himselfe vndervalued by that Nation whose miseries not aboue foure daies agoe to speake of so moued the whole World to compassion that thorowout all Churches they were recommended to the charitie of well-disposed Christians of whom almes were gathered to free them from the miserable seruitude wherein they were so grieuously oppressed by the Moores of Granada The Spaniards enioy the dominion of the greater part of Italy where by such as I am notwithstanding that daily they threaten it with a cruell and vniuersall seruitude they

to the Flemmings was conuerted into a couetous merchandise of the Spaniards Therefore the Scots by such lamentable miseries haue learned not to permit their King vpon any termes whatsoeuer to abandon the royall Seat of his ancient kingdome for to place it in a greater newly fallen vnto him in which case the Scots should vnder their cruell enemies the English be sure to suffer all the calamities which inferiour Nations are wont to endure at the hands of the superiour Some that were present at this Act report how the Spaniards told the King of England that those Scots which had spoken so arrogantly in the presence of his Maiesty were to be seuerely chastised to whom the King of England answered That the Spaniards ought not to giue that counsell vnto others which had proued so pernitious to themselues and thereupon hauing commanded the stay of weighing their Kingdome he assured his Scots that ere long he would giue them all possible satisfaction After this the vast Ottoman Empire was put into the Scale which the last fifteenth yeare arriued to the summe of two and thirty Millions but now was found to bee lesse than sixteene the strangnesse whereof made all the Princes very much to maruell and particularly the Venetians who could not beleeue such a fall whereupon they desired that wich more diligence it might be reweighed and it appeared how in that little time running betweene the first and this second weighing it had fallen eight hundred twenty and two pounds whereby it was manifest that the Ottoman Empire heretofore so terrible to the world now consumed with luxury couetousnesse and idlenesse runneth headlong to his ruine which gaue great contentment to all those Princes Neuerthelesse it was obserued by some of the wisest there present that the Spaniards were not so glad of it as the rest out of a doubt they had that the depression of the Turke would bee the exaltation of the Venetian State Then came the Polach Senators and put into the Scale their Kingdome which in regard of the small authority the King hath there the too much command which the Palatines arrogate vnto themselues made but a poore reckoning for it did not amount to six millions of pounds whereas in times past it alwaies exceeded twelue After them the Signory of the Councell of Te●● put into the Scale the flourishing Estate of the Venetian Common-wealth most admirable for the greatnesse thereof and opportunity of situation fitting for all great enterprises which went beyond all expectation in the weight for it came to eight Millions the cause whereof was said to bee the huge masse of Gold which those wise Senators in so long a time of peace had gathered together into their Treasury Next came the Switzers the Grisons and other free people of Germany and brought their Common-weals to the Scale Howbeit the Princes required that they might be weighed each one seuerally by it selfe wherewith the Germanes were well contented so that it might be done But Lorenzo hauing put the Common-wealth of Basil into the Scale it appeared that the greater part of the other Common-weales of Germany were all so linked together that it was impossible to separate them one from another which put a many of ambitious Princes there in a sweat Then the Duke of Sauoy caused his State to be put into the Scale by his noble Knights of the Annonciata which equalled the weight of the last fifteenth yeere but Lorenzo hauing added into the Scale that most noble prerogatiue of Title which the said Duke Charles Emanuell enioyeth of the prime Souldier of Italy it was seene to aggrauate the weight a Million foure hundreth and twenty pounds After this with a pompe and Maiesty matchable to Kings appeared the Duke of Lorraine whose State though little equalled the weight of great Kingdoms and it was considered that it fell out to bee so by a certaine good fortune which that Prince had to haue his States so happily seated that hee could easily put the Low-Countries into grieuous difficulties by impeaching the passage of those succours which the Spaniards conduct thither out of Italy whereby he hath growne into such reputation that to the most offerer he selleth for ready gold the merchandise of that his adhering in such sort that after he had dreyned the Spaniards asmuch as any the de●outest French Lord of the holy League whatsoeuer siding afterwards with the French hee knew so well how to change his coppy that a King of France such as was Henry the fourth the great Duke of Toscan and the Duke of Mantoua were glad of his alliance And fully to make vp the Spaniards iealousie the famous Venetian Common-wealth drew into her pay a Prince of that House with such affection that if that great Lady had not made a vow of perpetuall chastity and her nature according to the custome of some Indians had not beene stitched vp the first day she was born by the Venetian Signory most iealous of her honour it was verily beleeued by many that she would haue taken him to husband It was obserued that the Duke of Sauoy enuied much the felicity of this Prince because hee finding himselfe also seated betweene the French and the Spaniards of Milan as the Duke of Loraine was betweene the French and the Spaniards of Flanders in stead of so many benefits and so many commodities as fell vpon the Duke of Loraine hee had receiued most cruell kicks not onely from the French then his enemies but from the Spaniards his friends so that it was euident the Duke of Sauoy did now plainly see how that practise of his with the Spaniard was most pernicious for him Then came the Otto di Balia and put into the scale the flourishing State of the great Dukes of Tos●an which by reason of the excellent wits of the Inhabitants perpetuall plenty continuall peace and quiet security it enioyeth answered in weight to many Kingdomes Lorenzo greatly reioyced when he saw how vpon the foundations of those Churches and Hospitals which he and his Predecessors in the time of the Florentine liberty had laid in their Countrey their Successors according to the modell left them by Cosimo the Great had afterwards found meanes to erect strong Cyttadels whereupon Lorenzo to make a glorious shew of the worth and wisdome of the Princes of his house added into the Scale the admirable vnderstanding of Ferdinand the Great with the excessiue weight whereof it was so ouer charged that the huge chayne whereby it hung brake in two so that all went to ground This accident of the Scales so broken was an hindrance that other Italian Princes which remained could not be weighed whereupon it was concluded that comming according to the ancient custome to lay all the Princes and Potentates of Italy in ballance against the Monarchy of Spaine out of the vniuersall weight of the Italian Princes each ones particular would easily appeare Into the midst of the great Hall then was brought an

soules into comprimise for the onely regard of a shillings gaine And that the world very much desired to see a complete Summa composed vpon the consciences of grea● Princes a matter most necessary for the quiet of the whole Vniuerse and altogether omitted by Diuines wherein those actions of Princes should be exactly discoursed vpon with which so often they put the world into confusion filling it with robberies assassinates and such slaughters of men that many of them blinded with ambition to raigne vpon earth haue made riuers to runne with humane bloud The Colledge of the Learned hearing these particulars said That they much desired to haue these questions disputed and resolued Namely whether Christian pietie will admit the speciall hypothesis which the violence of the sword hath vsurped ouer others States Whether a Principalitie that by Armes and fraud is forcibly taken from another Prince may be held by one that hath the true feare of God Whether that course of ruling a Kingdome which is conquered onely to the end to impouerish and waste it that so it may be gouerned without jealousie may be practised by one that is borne in the Christian Faith Whether the exalting of Reason of State to such an height that it should trample vnder feet as at this present it doth all Lawes diuine and humane be not a more detestable and execrable Idolatry then worshipping Nabuchadnezzars Image or the golden Calfe And lastly the Colledge said That then their desires would be fully accomplished when there could be found a Diuine so much fearing God that with his Writings durst fright Princes as much from doing euill as many others with their great Volumes had terrified priuate men for it seemed a strange thing vnto them that infinite learned Diuines ●●d so laboured to reason of the strict account which Shop-keepers are to render euen for idle words vnto the Majestie of God and in the meane time had omitted to make mention of those exorbitant errours committed by great Princes when with their Armies ouer-running States they send all things into perdition both sacred and prophane And that with more benefit to mankind and eternall reward to themselues Diuines might haue discoursed vpon the actions of Lewis the twelfth and Francis the first both Kings of France of Ferdinand King of Aragon and Charles the fifth the Emperor whose soules departed out of this world with the heauy burthen of halfe a million of man-slaughters all committed by their ambition to reigne and whereof they were to giue a strict account to Almighty God all which were matters exceeding necessarie to the end that mankind so much afflicted by the ambition of Princes might one day receiue the consolation which with such longing it desireth when those that reigne should be terrified from doing amisse and be made to know that Hell was prepared as well for the great as the small CHAP. 7. The Monarchy of Spaine throweth her Physitian out of the window THis Morning the Monarchy of Spaine hauing sent for her ordinary Physitiā a little after with her own hands she threw him out of the window of her royall Palace whereupon the poore wretch being all battered in peeces died incontinently An accident that seemed the more strange in regard the Physitian was held by all the Court to be a man of extraordinary honesty and in the practise of his profession most admirable Sundry were the discourses that were made vpon so remarkable a matter But Apollo desiring to know of the Spanish Monarchy herselfe the true cause of so grieuous a resentment that mighty Queene told him how aboue forty yeares since vpon occasion of some accidents that befell her and other signes which shee had discouered shee feared that in processe of time shee should catch some dangerous French disease from the Royall house of Burbon and therefore to prouide for the inconuenience which shee foresaw shee had demanded counsell of her Physitian who prescribed her a long fastidious and chargeable purgation compounded of diuers Oyles of holy Leagues of insurrections of people of rebellions of Nobility of Cauteries and other very bitter ingredients whereby she had spoiled her stomacke weakened her strength and altogether lost her appetite and that the infinite quantity of Syrrupes and the many medicine● which she had taken with such anguish had wrought no other effect but the acceleration of the disease which without that vnlucky and vnseasonable purgation peraduenture shee should neuer haue had Moreouer that the many Leaches which were applyed to many parts of her body had in such manner sucked the best vitall blood of the Gold of that Spaine that through the weaknesse of her complexion she was not able to euacuate those euill humours of Flanders which had held her and doe hold her oppressed By which disorders all occasioned through the naughty counsell of that imprudent Physitian shee was so exasperated against him that she had solemnely sworne to throw him out of the window if to free her from future infirmities he euer after ordained her any purgation And that perceiuing how the paine which she hath at this instant in the Shoulder of Holland was an apparant Lues Gallica shee had demanded counsell of the same Physitian for to cleare her selfe of it who vnmindfull of his former errors had foolishly ordained the second purgation wholly and altogether like the former and that therefore being ouercome with paine shee had throwne him out of the window so punishing him at once for both the faults hee had committed for it seemed vnto her that hee had well deserued the misfortune of that resentment seeing that by the accidents following with such infelicity of her Spaniards he had not learned to know that purgations made before their time for diseases that are feared doe not worke those good effects which either the Physitian beleeueth or the patient desireth CHAP. 8. Most of the States of the world are censured in Parnassus for their errors APollo carefull of nothing more than to see the Princes of the world should in the vpright gouernment of their States giue the people such satisfaction as they ought introduced into Parnassus many ages since this admirable custome That euery yeare the names of the chiefest Potentates of the earth written vpon little scedules should be put into an Vrne and then being drawn forth one by one the publike censor of politicall matters should in the presence of the sacred Colledge of the learned record the disorders which he had obserued in the gouernment of their States whereupon those Princes were bound either incontinently with satisfying reasons to defend such things as were obiected against them or else within a Moneth to reforme them An institution no doubt very noble and holy for it hath effected that in the progresse of so many ages since first it was vsed Princes haue corrected an infinitie of errours besides knowing that they are to bee called to so strict an account it maketh them endeauour to liue so

are loued honoured and euen serued With their prodigious auarice they haue depriued vs of our wealth and in that lamentable sacke of Rome with their vnexpressable lust they violated the honour of our chastest Matrons And now in exchange of so abiect a patience they would also take from vs this little honour of breath we enioy and these miserable Titles the vnhappy remaines and deplorable reliques of the Italian reputation Which is a matter so hard to bee digested that by euery honourable Italian Baron it ought to be reuenged not with complaining words as I doe but with daggers points It is reported by them that were then present how all the while the Lord Prospero was speaking Apollo did nothing but smile and that when vpon his conclusion he burst out into those words how the Spaniards abuses towards the Italians were to be reuenged with daggers points he fell to laughing out-right and said Prospero thou art and euer wert too much giuen ouer to choller and I am inforced to tell thee how it infinitely mislikes me that such a one as thou who hast alwaies made a particular profession of prudence shouldst maruell that slaues which for twenty yeares together haue beene fed in the Gallies with course and mouldy Biske● when they light vpon a batch of new white Mancher should fill their bellies till they are ready to cracke againe Whereas that raging appetite of theirs and euery other dishonest act which they vse to asswage their hunger ought to be so farre from seeming odious vnto honest men which behold it that it should rather moue them to pitie Therefore doe yee Italians likewise permit that the Spaniards men but new in this World and lately got out of the seruitude of the Moores of Granada may glut themselues with meat so delicate to their taste as are the honourable Titles which they haue found in Italy for I assure thee that when they shall be cloyed with such vanities they also will become as the French are such courteous Gallanes that they will willingly giue the Title of Excellency euen to their horse-boyes much more to such as thou art And I tell thee that if thou hadst that prudence and that perfect knowledge of the World as I wish thou haddest thou wouldest very well perceiue that those exorbitances and that so odious manner of proceeding which the Spaniards vse in Italie whereof thou so complainest is euen as so much sweet sugar for you Italians and bitter poyson for the Spaniards who if to their valour to their aduisednesse and vnspeakable ambition which they haue to raigne they had affable and courteous manners annexed with the vtter destruction of that remnant of Libertie which is yet out of the Lions iawes they would soone become absolute Masters of the World All which are in●olencies that with daggers points not by you Italians but by the Monarchy of Spaine herselfe ought to be reuenged with all kinde of cruelty on her Spanish ministers who with their vanitie distaste the good seruants of so great a Queene and make her gouernment nothing acceptable to her subiects A disorder that bringing much difficultie to the substance of that vniuersall Monarchy whereunto it is not possible she can arriue with the publike hatred of all Italy hath high need of remedy With this answer Apollo returned the Lord Prospero exceeding well satisfied to his house after whom the Duke d'Alva appeared before his Maiesty with all his family wonderfull melancholy which cast such milke in their faces that the Spaniards seemed not so blacke as ordinarily those Moores that come out of Granada vse to be Then Apollo interrupting the complaint which the Duke was about to make against the Lord Colonna said Duke I am much displeased with the disorder which I vnderstand hath h●pned and so much the more by how much the cause of such an vprore is not very iust nor withall very honourable on thy side And vpon this occasion it pleaseth me to remember vnto you Spaniards that to be not only niggards as to all men yee are knowne but not to vse prodiga●itie in giuing vnto oth●rs those Titles which are desired is a manifest signe of malignitie because the ingenuous nobilitie of a Baron is knowne by shewing little couetousnesse in receiuing Titles and much liberalitie in giuing them For euen by ouer-much not by due honour doth greater reputation accrue to him that giueth than to him that receiueth it And you Spaniards that vse such austeritie in desiring great Titles only for your selues are not a whit increased in reputation but rather are become so odious and ridiculous to all men that the Italians in their Comedies haue deseruedly introduced the personage of the Spaniard to represent vnto the world a perfect Braggado●hia I wonder ye should not perceiue ●hat in thinking to arriue vnto the Dominiō of the earth by abusing m●n is the wrong way to the wood The minds of men Duke are taken with the bait of humanitie with the whistle of gratitude of courtesie of gentlenesse and that Fowler would shew himselfe very ignorant that should go with a drumme into a Doue-house for to take Pigeons as I see you Spaniards foolishly doe Moreouer I tell you that if euer any Nation were to make a bait of dignities for to allure the Italians to fall into the nets of your Dominions and light vpon the Limebush of your seruitude it is you Spaniards for the ends which ye haue vpon Italy Withall yee are to consider that the States which yee possesse of Napl●s and Milan are fastned vnto you with waxe for ye shall command ouer those two members no longer then til the Italians resolue to chase you from thence who if they could be assured that after your ruine they should not fall into the power of the French ye should quickly know that only with a little disturbance which they could giue you in the Port of Genoua they would put you into a thousand intricate difficulties all matters that should admonish you to giue satisfactiō at least wise in words to them whom in regard of your interests in Italy yee are obliged to respect As for the iniurie which you say you haue receiued from the Lord Prospero I tell you plainly that whatsoeuer affront shall be done you vpon any such like Titular occasion I will not only be insensible of it but I will thinke you haue desirously sought it Then the Duke would haue excused himselfe with saying that from his King he had instruction how to carry himselfe towards the Italian Barons in the particular of Titles when Apollo told him that the Spanish abuses to the Italians were not to extend but only to the Neapolitans and Milanesi and his Maiestie also added That if too much passion did not blind the Spaniards they might easily see how their Grandes whom Spaine it selfe could not containe and that in Italy would play the Giants compared with the Romane Barons and those of meane stature would

day of the aforesaid moneth all these famous Sages and new Reformers brauely accompanied with a great Troupe of the Noblest Vertuous of this State went into the Delphick Palace the place appointed for this businesse of Reformation and to the Learned it was a pleasing sight to behold the great number of Pedantes which with table-books in their hands went quoting and laying downe the Sentences and Apothegmes which these continually let slip out of their harmonious mouths As soone as these learned and wise Lords were reunited to declare their remedies the fame is that Thales the Milesian the first of the seuen Sages began in this manner Most prudent Philosophers The businesse for which we are now here assembled together is the greatest which the wit of man can treat of and although no other enterprise may be found so hard as to heale an inueterate Neapolitane bone-ache an infistulated Gangrene an incurable Canker yet notwithstanding the insuperable difficulties which weare out other mens braines ought to animate men of our ranke to ouercome them seeing that the supposed impossibilitie of the Cure will augment our glory and will maintaine vs still in that sublime and high degree of reputation wherein we are eleuated and now I firmly assure my selfe that I haue found out the true Antidote for the easie expulse of these venemous and banefull corruptions I am confident that there is not any of vs but assures himselfe that no other disease hath infected the healthfull life of this present Age than the hidden hatred dissimulation equiuocation and treachery of men couered ouer with the faire mantle of Religion of Loue Simplicitie and Charity the which my good Lords being corrected with Cauteries Razours and with Corrosiue Plaisters fit for this cancred wound such as I shall now discouer all men liuing which at this time are by these vices brought euen to Deaths doore all other Physitians hauing left them without hope of recouery shall suddenly become restored to their former health and shall resume that sinceritie that verity of speech and that holinesse of life which in ancient times hath beene esteemed true-hearted candour genuine simplicitie and plaine dealing The true remedie then is of necessitie to reduce men into an ingenuous kinde of liuing and to embrace that simplicitie of the heart which they can neuer doe before Princes haue with their high authoritie chased out of their Kingdomes irreligious hypocrites of a different Religion as Wolfes of State and also to cut off wrangling suits at Law nor these can they euer bring to passe without diminishing the number of Lawyers and needlesse Courts of Iustice which hearten euen sheepe to turne vpon their keepers These these abuses most vertuous Lords being so restrained then lies falshoods double dealing and hypocrisies will depart as the chiefe nourishment of the Infernall Spirit out of the possessed soules homeward to their Master the Deuill In such wise did this opinion of Thales worke within the rest of the Sages hearts that he was ready to goe away with all their suffrages and voices when Mazzon the Secretary commanded him to rehearse the same vnto Apollo who approued so well of Thales his remedy that he commanded out of hand a Chirurgion to make a little window in the heart of man But in the same houre when the Chirurgion had prepared his instruments to open the breast of man for that purpose Homer Virgil Plato Aristotle Auerroes and some other learned men repaired to Apollo and signified vnto his Maiestie that the chiefest instrument which with great facilitie gouerned the world was the reputation of those which commanded it and that a iewel of that worth ought neuer to be exposed vnto any perill by wise Princes They laid before his Maiesties consideration the credit of a holy life the opinion of the bounty of customes wherein the excellent Philosophicall Senate and the Honourable Colledge of the Vertuous were had in great reuerence among all the learned Subiects of Apolloes Empire And if his Maiestie would suddenly cause all mens hearts to be opened the greatest and best sort of his Vertuous Followers could not but suffer infinite shame infamie whonow were in chiefe credit about his sacred Person when they should see euen boyes to take notice of their foolishnesse as who is wise at all seasons Yea and his Maiestie himselfe would grow into hatred with his most principall Fauourites when hee saw they were not such notable persons of an vnspotted life as he reputed them to be And by these meanes he should lose the most part of his Dependants to the vtter depopulating of famous Parnassus And for this cause before his Maiestie would attempt this important enterprise they humbly desired in the name of all the Vertuous to grant them some competent time to purifie their mindes and to lay them a little a bucking The aduise of these famous persons greatly pleased Apollo and by a publike Edict he prorogued the terme of making the window vntill eight daies were expired in which time the Vertuous in such manner toyled themselues in cleansing their minds of all hidden fallacies of counterfeit friendship of inbred rancour and other stinking vices that in the Grocers Druggists and Apothecaries shops of Parnassus all the sweet Conserues Cinnamon Cassia Syrops Lozenges Roses Violets and other pretious wares were all spoiled with the taint and the stench abounded so corrupt that all the quarters of the Platonick and Peripatetick Philosophers smelt worse than if the filthiest I akes of the Countrey were emptied whereas the street of the Latin and Italian Poets smelt only like the broth of reheated Coleworts Now the time for the vniuersall bucking and purifying that was limited became almost ended when the day before the opening of the window in mens hearts the great Hippocrates Galen Cornelius Celsus and other experimented Physitians of this State went to Apollo and freely spake their minds in this manner Royall Sir if this worke goes forward wee must needs deface this little world of mankinde most noble for the miraculous workmanship wherewith it is wrought with euident perill of an important musckle and a principall veine and by that meanes kill and destroy the whole fabricke of Mans Microcosme or at least make it for euer sickly and crazed And so great an euill we might practise onely by the benefit of foure ignorant persons seeing that not only the profoundest wits but likewise men of meane iudgement onely with foure daies practise which they may haue with any notable Hypocrite whatsoeuer they know how to penetrate into the most inward gutt With Apollo this speech of the Physitians so preuailed that he resumed his former deliberation and by Ausonius Gallus made it knowne vnto the Lords Reformers that they should continue their Philosophicall opinions Then Solon thus began The cruell hatred and poysonfull enuie which vniuersally breed among men and domineere ouer them in these daies are these most prudent Lords which to my thinking haue so confounded

and damnable wayes onely fit for Scritchowles and Sauage Beasts This is a great disheartning of our Learned rancke Wherehence many of our best vnderstanding Spirits doe verily beleeue that those Hypocrites haue ioyned vnto their Craft the Spels of the Magicke Art and thereby like Zoroastres they bewitch enchant an taint the mindes of some Princes yea and those of the wiser sort All the Reforming Lords admired this speech of Pittacus and were about to conclude with him if Periander had not thus opposed The disorder specified by Pittacus most prudent Lords is very true but for what cause a iudicious and wise Prince refuseth to preferre vertuous and learned men so pleasing to God so honourable and profitable for his State and wherefore in their stead hee serues himselfe being the life and fountaine of all goodnesse or at least seeming so to be with debauched vnworthy and base-minded wretches is a point of great import and to be considered of vs. I know the common opinion is that the Prince chuseth men which are like to humour and sooth him vp in his affections before the best deseruing Creature And I acknowledge that it is a Rule of State for a wise Prince to aduance no man to any degree but either for his wisedome or valour This foundamentall Rule of State is well knowne vnto him yet experience sheweth that few Princes practise it and mocke at such as shall tell them that they doe the contrary by a carelesse respect to the honour of their place But the truth is they promote ignorant persons new fellowes and of small desert before learned and vertuous men not by any default of their side but by errors I am sorry to speake it of the learned and vertuous themselues I confesse with you that Princes haue need of such and of braue minded Commanders for the warres But none of you will deny but they stand in more need of loyall and faithfull Ministers of State who with the gift of Secrecie may stead them as much as all their Treasure And now it is more than apparant that if honourable personages and valiant Souldiors had bin as true Secret to their Countrey as they ought we should not behold the infinite disorders which we see and obserue to our great griefe in this present age euen Pigmeyes in foure dayes to shoot vp as tall as Giants and all these vnworthy spectacles to happen for want of Fidelity and firme regard to the interest of State So corrupted is the mind of many men that forgetting their owne worths and valorous magnamities they will bee tempted with gold and ambition yea and after sufficient promotion by their natiue Prince some haue turned so vnthankfull as to become mercenary slaues to another Prince Which disasters Princes distrusting they are faine to confer Honour and Offices vnto vnworthy persons who might serue them with their Secrecie and Fidelity and proue more thankefull for their fauours As soone as Periander had ended his Opinion Bias spake in this wise There is not any among vs here but knowes most wise Lords that the world is become so much depraued because Mankind is departed from those sacred Lawes of a contented state the which God from the beginning allotted vnto euery Nation hauing assigned seuerall stations out of which they ought not to breake out The Britaines diuisos orbe Britannos he hath placed in Albion as in another world by themselues the Gothes in France the Spaniards in Spaine the Dutch in Germany the Italians in Italy and so other Nations in other habitations And because euery one of them should not trespasse or like a Deluge breake out vpon their bordering Neighbours His foreseeing Maiestie framed the fearefull Ocean to compasse about Great Britaine the Pyrenaean Mountaines as a wall betwixt France and Spaine and the Alpes betweene the Germanes and Italy as some part of them deuides this from France also The like wary diuision the Diuine Maiestie hath set betwixt Europe Africke as the Mediterranean Seas The which hee did of purpose that none should encroch vpon the other and not mingle one with anothers language as heretofore fell out at Babel nor subiect the other to forraigne Lawes and Customes whereby each one liuing at home with their neerest kinne might agree the better together without innouations or Tyrannies and not like Drones intrude into other mens liues to purloyne the sweet which others wrought Now for as much as the world is infected with the company and customes of strange Nations let euery Nation be ordered to returne into his proper limitation and for feare of the like sodaine and violent intrusions in time to come let it be also enacted that no ships be suffered to passe for the space of many yeares to come nor any to be built and if any Bridges lie betwixt seuerall Principalities to sunder them the better that these Bridges be pulled downe If this course be taken people shall liue more peaceably in their owne natiue soile With wondefull great attention this Declaration of Bias was heard the which notwithstanding it was subtilly examined by the profound wits of the Congregation at the last seemed not expedient to be put in practise by reason that they knew that the hatred though excessiue which reigned amogst diuers Nations are not naturall as some very simply haue coniectured but occasioned either by the artificiall sleights of some Princes or at least by the cunning tricks of some of their principall Ministers to busie their Princes and States braines while they enriched their Cofers with part of the Treasures which were to be laid out for the warres or casually brought into the Kingdome from the warres as prizes and booties Besides some Princes are skilfull masters to put in execution that old Maxime of policie Diuide Impera Diuide and command As for Bias his counsell to forbid Nauigation who knowes not but among all Nations vnited together that harmonicall perfection is pickt out for politicall Gouernment which cannot be found in any one particular States and this is gotten by peregrination into forreine countries so that an expert Traueller returnes home like the grand Vlysses hauing bettered his vnderstanding facultie by noting the diuersities of Spirits manners Lawes and Customes To this may be added the other exceeding great benefits as arise by Nauigation as the establishing of Plantations where their owne countrey ouerswarmes with multitudes of people the transportation of Commodities and the ciuilizing of Sauage Nations They obserue the wonderfull difference of Climates the seuerall natures of the cold the temperate and the Torrid Zones with many other remarkeable euents to the glory of our Creatour and their vnspeakeable pleasure Then Cleobulus desired leaue to speake who boldly thus began As farre I see we proceed like those light-headed fellowes who make publike Languages with new conceits and curious fancies to the outside beautifull but not with matter of profit as might edifie and reforme the world the onely cause of our

meeting at this time To what purpose then for the rooting out of Vias should we open a window in mans heart as Thales would fain● perswade his Imperiall Maiestie Wherefore should we vndertake that most painefull charge and taske for the diuiding of the vast wide world into equall parts as Solon proposed The opinions of Chilon for banishing of Gold and Siluer out of the world of Pittacus to enforce men to walke the beaten way of Merit and Vertue of Bias to limit men their habitations and to forbid Nauigation the miracle of this world what are all these but Sophisticall Dreames and Chymerizing Ideas of shallow imaginatiue Schollers no way participating of the practicke reall way to extreminate those moderne corruptions which are crept into the world we must not treat of impossibilities but fall to mat●ers actually in earnest and to be put in execution not how things ought to be done but how substantially to reforme the world according as now we find it most strangely deformed and this we must performe warily secretly and without long arguing pro and con or criticall animaduersions the cause of new tumults In briefe then I say that all the reformation of this present Age consisteth in these few words To reward the good and to punish the wicked Here Cleobulus rested against whom Thales thus violently opposed shewing vnto all men how dangerous a thing it is albeit for the Truths sake to offend those persons who liue in the repute of Freedome and Prudence which made this sage Philosopher breake forth into these speeches Both these Reuerend Lords and my selfe most wise Cleobulus seeing that you had derided and despised our Opinion as Sophisticall and Chymerizing expected some rare proiect to proceed from your prudent braine or that you had brought from the Indies some new and miraculous Bezoar for the sodaine cure of the present enormities when you sleighted our cares and propounded a Receit more I will not say difficult but indeed impossible which might pose go beyond euen the most curious Princes of secrets Caius Plin. Albertus Magnus There is not any of vs here my Cleobulus but knows that the reformatiō of the world depēds vpō rewarding the good and punishing the wicked Therefore let me demand of you I pray who be those good men and those wicked And then I will returne you this resolution that that man liueth not which can discerne and distinguish Truth from Hypocrisie Doe you not perceiue that counterfeit Art and dissimulation are in these times growne to that height of perfection that a great number of Spirits are so artificially and cunningly wicked which seeme to wise men to be currantly good And that those good men which liue sincerely ingenuously simply as innocent as Doues without the least painting or dawbing of Hypocrisie are reputed scandalous and of a libertine loose behauiour All men naturally loue the good and hate the euill Yea and most Princes themselues doe so as well by naturall instinct as in respect of Interest of State And when Hypocrites or slie crafty knaues are exalted to promotion and the good are vilipended and neglected that comes to passe not by the Election of Princes but through the deceit and fraudulent tricks of others Onely true bounty and ingenuous Candour are knowne to God and by him rewarded By him Vices are discouered punished for he alone entreth into the depth and profundity of the heart Yea and my selfe too with opening the window in mans breast had pierced into the bottome of mens thoughts had not the enemy of this honest proiect and profitable field wherein I had sowne this memorable Graine cast in before me his Seed of Tares Incredible satisfaction did these words of Thales produce to the Congregation who casting their eyes vpon Periander he as if he had been bidden to shew his reason thus began The diuersitie of Opinions which hitherto I haue heard of you most prudent Philosophers confirme mee in my ancient Opinion tht many a man doth die because Physitians haue not apprehended the certainty of their Patients disease For which errours of theirs they are to be excused because men may easily be deceiued in these things to the knowledge of which they walke onely with the feet of aime and coniecture But for vs who are thought by his Maiesty to be the curers of the world to be ignorant in the cure of this diseased world it is the mor● shame by how much the disease increaseth Yet as farre as I see hitherto by reason of the varieties of the medicines wee goe about to heale the arme in stead of the breast that is corrupted The truth is that Disorders haue euer raigned among men But now adaies by reason of the Worlds decrepit age which cause men to abound with Auarice Ambition and Pride the true occasions of Hatred These being occasioned by some mighty Potentates which intrude vpon their Neighbours states haue bred in continuance of time iealousies warres and as it were an hereditary heart-burning of one Nation against the other The medicine therefore is that Princes repent them and content themselues with a moderate fortune leauing their neighbours at rest and not vnder some imaginarie pretences challenge a Catholicke Supremacie ouer their brethren Here Periander ended his discourse whom Solon thus opposed The true causes of the present euills O Periander were not omitted by vs of ignorance as you perhaps suppose but of a wary circumspection The world from the beginning hath bin corrupted and still continues Yet it is a point of Prudence to winke at some disorders rather than with danger to seeke to remoue them All men liuing haue some faults And many dishonourable acts which Princes perpetrate we must not meddle with lest we aggrauate and make them incurable whom Time may correct Therefore let a wise man either speake charitably of their spots or hold his peace For we shall finde worke enough to reforme the hatred of the common sort by whom they proceed wee must not scan but referre the prime workers of their disorders to the King of Kings who sometimes hardens Pharaohs for their owne ruine or Nebuchadnezzars for scourges to punish his rebellious seruants With these words applauded of the Congregation Solon made end of his speech After whom Cato began in this manner Exceeding well haue yee parlied O graue and famous Grecians in shewing the meanes to supplant and suppresse Hatred and other humane vices But as I conceiue they are those which languish of an incurable Ptisick which spit vp their lungs and do cast off their haire In men there is no helpe therefore the best aduice which I can giue is to desire a finall consummation of the world and for vs to ioyne in prayer to the Diuine Maiestie to open the Cataracts and windowes of Heauen to drowne the whole Earth againe yet with prouiso to preserue in new Arks all those male children which haue not past twelue yeares of age and that of all