a_o army_n to_o combat_v it_o and_o to_o afford_v it_o a_o whole_a chapter_n for_o the_o pitch_a field_n let_v we_o therefore_o a_o while_n observe_v these_o new_a enemy_n and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o see_v m.c._n send_v forth_o his_o forlorn-hope_a i_o call_v all_o that_o part_n so_o which_o he_o have_v say_v concern_v custom_n in_o the_o page_n 145_o and_o 146._o which_o nothing_o concern_v the_o question_n in_o debate_n and_o after_o several_a feign_v which_o he_o make_v to_o baffle_v what_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v concern_v the_o production_n and_o union_n of_o image_n at_o last_o he_o come_v to_o the_o assault_n and_o pretend_v to_o show_v that_o the_o imagination_n have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o of_o thing_n past_a present_a and_o to_o come_v whereupon_o be_v ground_v all_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o reason_n in_o effect_n he_o well_o foresee_v that_o if_o he_o grant_v that_o the_o presence_n of_o some_o object_n make_v some_o beast_n remember_v past_a thing_n and_o make_v they_o expect_v the_o like_a from_o thence_o to_o come_v he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o confess_v that_o they_o reason_n as_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o what_o he_o have_v say_v of_o fear_n p._n 155._o for_o which_o cause_n he_o bold_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v true_a and_o make_v all_o his_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o imagination_n know_v no_o difference_n of_o time_n but_o to_o what_o purpose_n serve_v all_o these_o reason_n if_o the_o experience_n we_o have_v produce_v convince_v they_o of_o error_n all_o the_o world_n know_v and_o all_o the_o world_n see_v that_o beast_n hope_v that_o they_o fear_v that_o they_o desire_v and_o consequent_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o they_o must_v know_v future_a thing_n since_o all_o these_o passion_n be_v move_v only_o by_o the_o good_a or_o ill_n which_o be_v to_o come_v now_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o labour_v to_o show_v that_o they_o can_v know_v no_o difference_n of_o time_n wherefore_o before_o we_o examine_v what_o he_o have_v produce_v to_o prove_v this_o proposition_n we_o must_v see_v what_o he_o oppose_v to_o this_o experience_n and_o what_o address_n he_o use_v to_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o so_o ill_a a_o pass_n beast_n hope_v for_o thing_n to_o come_v first_o he_o accuse_v i_o not_o to_o speak_v wholesome_o when_o i_o say_v that_o beast_n hope_v because_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o write_v that_o to_o speak_v wholesome_o there_o be_v none_o but_o man_n do_v hope_n and_o that_o all_o other_o animal_n have_v but_o a_o shadow_n of_o hope_n as_o well_o as_o of_o reason_n whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o since_o that_o time_n the_o action_n of_o beast_n have_v not_o change_v their_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o become_v a_o philosopher_n to_o make_v that_o pass_n for_o a_o truth_n which_o be_v so_o only_o in_o shadow_n and_o appearance_n certain_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v by_o this_o answer_n that_o m._n c._n be_v very_o much_o puzzle_v here_o and_o have_v no_o 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aristotle_n st_n thomas_n in_o a_o word_n all_o the_o school_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n and_o there_o be_v no_o philosopher_n of_o esteem_n who_o acknowledge_v not_o hope_n to_o be_v in_o beast_n &_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o future_a in_o hope_n even_o m_o c._n can_v but_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n 40._o 9_o hist_o 1._o 1._o 2._o q._n 40._o since_o he_o believe_v beast_n be_v capable_a of_o desire_n for_o hope_n be_v only_o different_a from_o desire_n by_o the_o difficulty_n we_o figure_v of_o obtain_v the_o good_a which_o we_o have_v not_o now_o beast_n may_v desire_v a_o good_a which_o they_o may_v judge_v difficult_a to_o obtain_v and_o consequent_o may_v hope_v for_o it_o m._n c._n must_v therefore_o confess_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o experience_n or_o prepare_v another_o answer_n then_o what_o he_o have_v produce_v since_o it_o satisfy_v not_o the_o common_a opinion_n which_o have_v no_o interest_n in_o the_o contradiction_n which_o he_o have_v find_v in_o my_o writing_n but_o shall_v m._n c._n possible_o have_v believe_v that_o true_a which_o i_o say_v in_o another_o place_n in_o the_o elegy_n of_o hope_n be_v contrary_a to_o what_o i_o here_o affirm_v do_v he_o not_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rhetorical_a discourse_n wherein_o we_o give_v more_o liberty_n to_o word_n and_o wherein_o term_n keep_v not_o to_o that_o severity_n which_o dogmatical_a discourse_n require_v but_o what_o if_o he_o have_v say_v that_o to_o speak_v sober_o true_a philosopher_n only_a reason_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o man_n have_v but_o a_o shadow_n of_o ratiocination_n have_v he_o not_o make_v a_o proposition_n which_o in_o some_o sense_n be_v most_o true_a and_o will_v he_o not_o just_o have_v deride_v those_o who_o from_o thence_o will_v have_v induce_v that_o other_o man_n do_v not_o reason_n do_v he_o believe_v that_o when_o plato_n assert_n that_o all_o what_o be_v here_o below_o be_v but_o the_o shadow_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o their_o idea_n do_v he_o then_o belâ—eve_v there_o be_v nothing_o real_a or_o true_a they_o be_v way_n of_o speak_v which_o all_o language_n have_v use_v to_o observe_v how_o some_o thing_n be_v estrange_v from_o the_o perfection_n of_o other_o and_o it_o be_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o fair_a ornament_n and_o of_o their_o most_o splendent_a light_n to_o take_v away_o from_o they_o their_o shadow_n and_o their_o figure_n when_o i_o therefore_o affirm_v that_o man_n only_o do_v hope_n and_o that_o beast_n have_v but_o a_o shadow_n of_o hope_n i_o mean_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o human_a hope_n be_v more_o noble_a and_o more_o elevate_v then_o that_o of_o beast_n and_o that_o in_o comparison_n of_o that_o the_o other_o be_v so_o base_a and_o imperfect_a that_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o hope_n and_o have_v only_o the_o appearance_n and_o figure_n of_o it_o but_o from_o thence_o to_o conclude_v that_o i_o be_v fall_v into_o a_o contradiction_n when_o i_o elsewhere_o say_v that_o they_o do_v hope_n he_o must_v either_o be_v a_o very_a ill_a frenchman_n or_o a_o very_a ill_a logician_n beast_n fear_v the_o evil_a to_o come_v for_o what_o concern_v fear_n there_o be_v no_o great_a difficulty_n as_o m_n c._n say_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o it_o the_o one_o in_o effect_n be_v a_o ratiocination_n and_o a_o consideration_n of_o what_o be_v not_o present_a to_o our_o sense_n but_o which_o we_o infer_v aught_o to_o happen_v unto_o we_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o beast_n but_o there_o be_v another_o which_o we_o call_v proper_o fear_v or_o fright_v of_o which_o all_o beast_n be_v capable_a and_o must_v not_o therefore_o know_v what_o be_v to_o come_v for_o we_o be_v fright_v with_o present_a object_n and_o even_o with_o those_o which_o be_v past_a so_o as_o the_o image_n be_v present_a i_o shall_v with_o m.c._n acknowledge_v then_o two_o sort_n of_o fear_n and_o i_o hope_v elsewhere_o to_o speak_v more_o full_o of_o they_o then_o i_o can_v do_v here_o but_o i_o do_v not_o mean_a to_o distinguish_v they_o as_o he_o do_v and_o to_o exclude_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o future_a from_o none_o of_o they_o because_o it_o be_v to_o destroy_v they_o and_o confound_v several_a passion_n in_o one_o in_o effect_n be_v the_o evil_a present_a there_o will_v be_v no_o fear_n it_o will_v be_v grief_n consternation_n or_o such_o like_a and_o m._n c._n of_o necessity_n must_v take_v frightfulness_n for_o a_o kind_n or_o species_n of_o fear_n which_o it_o participate_v to_o all_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o gender_n now_o fear_v in_o general_n suppose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o evil_a to_o come_v as_o all_o our_o master_n and_o all_o our_o book_n teach_v we_o and_o consequent_o
that_o they_o doubt_v and_o then_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o say_v that_o apparent_o they_o doubt_v that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o they_o appear_v to_o we_o to_o doubt_v but_o not_o that_o their_o doubt_n be_v but_o in_o appearance_n because_o it_o may_v happen_v they_o doubt_v in_o effect_n and_o that_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v but_o in_o appearance_n be_v not_o real_o but_o let_v we_o stick_v no_o long_o in_o word_n let_v we_o examine_v thing_n and_o see_v what_o the_o nature_n of_o doubt_n be_v for_o after_o that_o we_o may_v clear_o perceive_v whether_o beast_n be_v capable_a of_o form_v it_o aristotle_n say_v very_o elegant_o that_o he_o who_o doubt_n be_v like_a to_o a_o man_n bind_v because_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v restrain_v and_o can_v go_v whether_o they_o will_v this_o can_v advance_v forward_o in_o his_o way_n and_o that_o can_v make_v any_o progress_n in_o his_o knowledge_n in_o effect_n when_o he_o find_v that_o the_o object_n be_v not_o clear_o represent_v unto_o he_o when_o he_o see_v reason_n and_o appearance_n contrary_a concern_v the_o same_o thing_n they_o be_v as_o many_o chain_n which_o stop_v he_o &_o hold_v he_o in_o suspense_n that_o he_o know_v not_o which_o side_n to_o take_v and_o whilst_o he_o remain_v in_o this_o neutrality_n so_o long_a time_n he_o doubt_v and_o be_v not_o assure_v of_o what_o he_o seek_v for_o which_o cause_n we_o may_v call_v doubt_v a_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n which_o can_v determine_v on_o the_o thing_n propese_v unto_o it_o now_o because_o that_o to_o judge_n be_v to_o unite_v or_o divide_v image_n this_o suspension_n can_v be_v conceive_v but_o as_o a_o restraint_n which_o the_o judicative_a faculty_n impose_v on_o itself_o in_o its_o function_n the_o difficulty_n and_o uncertainty_n wherein_o she_o be_v not_o permit_v she_o to_o unite_v or_o separate_v those_o image_n which_o she_o have_v form_v yet_o must_v we_o not_o figure_n to_o ourselves_o this_o restraint_n to_o be_v as_o a_o cessation_n or_o rest_n otherwise_o whosoever_o will_v not_o know_v the_o thing_n and_o who_o spirit_n be_v dull_a and_o without_o action_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o man_n who_o be_v in_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o mind_n restrain_v itself_o and_o suffer_v not_o itself_o to_o be_v bear_v away_o whereto_o it_o have_v a_o design_n to_o go_v this_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v of_o proportionable_o to_o what_o happen_v to_o body_n that_o be_v heavy_a when_o they_o be_v in_o their_o centre_n their_o weight_n agitate_v not_o and_o they_o true_o be_v at_o rest_n but_o when_o they_o be_v suspend_v in_o the_o air_n although_o they_o be_v there_o retain_v yet_o they_o have_v a_o secret_a motion_n and_o make_v always_o some_o endeavour_n to_o fall_v it_o be_v even_o so_o with_o the_o judgement_n when_o it_o seek_v not_o the_o truth_n it_o be_v without_o action_n it_o cease_v to_o operate_v it_o be_v at_o rest_n but_o when_o it_o be_v suspend_v that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o it_o advance_v not_o yet_o this_o mark_n also_o the_o motion_n it_o make_v to_o attain_v to_o its_o end_n however_o it_o be_v this_o suspension_n of_o the_o judicative_a faculty_n come_v from_o the_o incertainty_n wherein_o she_o be_v whether_o she_o ought_v to_o unite_v or_o separate_v the_o image_n and_o this_o incertainty_n proceed_v from_o that_o it_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o be_v not_o in_o effect_n as_o she_o have_v propose_v they_o to_o herself_o but_o whence_o be_v it_o that_o she_o know_v it_o not_o certain_o there_o be_v many_o cause_n which_o contribute_v thereunto_o and_o we_o need_v only_o consult_v the_o epoche_n of_o the_o sceptic_a to_o find_v out_o that_o this_o defect_n have_v divers_a source_n sometime_o it_o happen_v from_o that_o the_o sense_n do_v not_o well_o represent_v the_o object_n for_o he_o that_o have_v a_o weak_a sight_n or_o who_o look_v on_o any_o thing_n through_o a_o thick_a air_n or_o at_o too_o 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in_o our_o common_a and_o private_a action_n in_o effect_n the_o way_n present_o to_o determine_v to_o know_v whether_o a_o business_n be_v good_a or_o ill_a when_o one_o find_v reason_n equal_o strong_a on_o both_o side_n and_o when_o two_o thing_n appear_v equal_o good_a how_o can_v a_o man_n so_o ready_o resolve_v to_o choose_v the_o most_o profitable_a or_o the_o most_o agreeable_a but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o produce_v all_o the_o cause_n which_o cause_n our_o doubt_n and_o irresolution_n it_o be_v in_o question_n here_o to_o know_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o of_o those_o which_o we_o have_v mention_v which_o produce_v in_o animal_n the_o same_o effect_n it_o work_v in_o we_o which_o restrain_v their_o imagination_n when_o it_o shall_v either_o unite_v or_o separate_v image_n in_o a_o word_n which_o make_v they_o doubt_v the_o thing_n propose_v unto_o they_o ready_o to_o decide_v this_o question_n those_o who_o hold_v the_o negative_a part_n must_v go_v and_o be_v instruct_v by_o that_o ass_n so_o famous_a in_o the_o school_n find_v himself_o betwixt_o two_o measure_n of_o oat_n without_o be_v able_a to_o resolve_v to_o which_o of_o they_o to_o go_v both_o appear_v unto_o he_o equal_o good_a for_o they_o shall_v learn_v from_o he_o that_o in_o that_o condition_n he_o can_v not_o determine_v that_o his_o judgement_n be_v then_o in_o suspense_n and_o consequent_o that_o he_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o to_o do_v but_o if_o they_o will_v not_o believe_v he_o let_v they_o have_v recourse_n to_o m.c._n who_o in_o his_o consideration_n on_o charron_n in_o many_o place_n have_v show_v that_o the_o imagination_n of_o beast_n be_v often_o restrain_v in_o these_o action_n and_o that_o the_o combat_n which_o hunger_n and_o fear_n of_o be_v beat_v make_v in_o their_o mind_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o she_o remain_v unable_a of_o performance_n for_o this_o restraint_n can_v be_v understand_v but_o of_o the_o impotency_n wherein_o she_o be_v to_o resolve_v and_o form_v the_o practical_a judgement_n which_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o operation_n now_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n it_o be_v nothing_o but_o doubt_n as_o we_o have_v before_o show_v but_o perhaps_o they_o require_v other_o master_n beside_o these_o and_o that_o there_o be_v not_o authority_n enough_o to_o persuade_v they_o to_o this_o truth_n shall_v we_o even_o use_v that_o of_o aristotle_n who_o assure_v we_o that_o goat_n be_v astonish_v when_o they_o see_v any_o of_o they_o take_v by_o the_o beard_n and_o certain_o can_v this_o be_v believe_v in_o this_o particular_a they_o will_v be_v constrain_v to_o confess_v that_o upon_o this_o occasion_n goat_n must_v doubt_v for_o astonishment_n be_v ever_o accompany_v with_o doubt_n and_o with_o suspense_n as_o in_o another_o place_n we_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v since_o we_o must_v therefore_o treat_v with_o they_o by_o the_o only_a strength_n of_o reason_n i_o will_v have_v they_o presuppose_v what_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o work_n to_o wit_n that_o beast_n judge_v of_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o their_o imagination_n unite_v and_o separate_v the_o image_n she_o have_v form_v of_o they_o they_o must_v further_o agree_v with_o i_o that_o she_o unite_v not_o all_o kind_n of_o image_n but_o these_o only_a which_o agree_v together_o for_o she_o unite_v not_o the_o notion_n of_o good_a with_o bitter_a nor_o that_o of_o ill_a with_o sweet_a no_o more_o than_o the_o design_n of_o pursue_v with_o what_o be_v ill_a or_o that_o of_o fly_v with_o what_o be_v good_a but_o it_o join_v sweet_a with_o good_a and_o add_v to_o this_o the_o design_n of_o the_o pursuit_n as_o it_o unite_v the_o bitter_a with_o ill_n join_v afterward_o thereunto_o the_o
according_a to_o the_o cry_v they_o make_v when_o they_o be_v agitate_a with_o some_o vehement_a passion_n m.c._n be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o trouble_n they_o cause_n precipitate_v all_o the_o design_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o often_o pervert_v and_o corrupt_v they_o he_o know_v that_o speech_n which_o be_v destine_v for_o society_n escape_v those_o who_o be_v alone_o when_o they_o suffer_v any_o great_a motion_n of_o joy_n or_o displeasure_n that_o a_o man_n in_o anger_n revenge_v himself_o untimely_a and_o strike_v without_o cause_n who_o he_o first_o meet_v that_o violent_a desire_n cause_v the_o mouth_n to_o water_n when_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o a_o hundred_o such_o like_a example_n which_o all_o the_o passion_n furnish_v without_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o groan_n of_o a_o dog_n when_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o a_o strong_a grief_n or_o when_o he_o will_v enter_v into_o a_o chamber_n which_o be_v shut_v in_o the_o first_o he_o scarce_o know_v why_o he_o complain_v but_o in_o the_o other_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v let_v in_o and_o undoubted_o he_o think_v to_o call_v some_o one_o to_o let_v he_o in_o for_o we_o do_v not_o say_v as_o m.c._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v p._n 166._o that_o his_o design_n be_v to_o address_v his_o voice_n to_o other_o dog_n to_o open_v it_o to_o he_o because_o he_o have_v no_o experience_n that_o dog_v open_a door_n but_o that_o it_o be_v man_n which_o open_v they_o to_o clear_v this_o truth_n i_o will_v counsel_v he_o to_o come_v to_o paris_n to_o consult_v with_o famous_a montdory_n cat_n which_o be_v so_o discreet_a that_o she_o never_o mean_v to_o come_v into_o the_o chamber_n when_o she_o find_v it_o shut_v she_o only_o draw_v a_o little_a bell_n which_o hang_v at_o the_o door_n and_o if_o at_o first_o sound_v they_o come_v not_o and_o open_v it_o she_o redouble_v it_o until_o she_o be_v let_v in_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o after_o have_v know_v that_o no_o body_n trouble_v themselves_o to_o teach_v she_o to_o draw_v the_o bell_n and_o that_o of_o itself_o this_o wise_a beast_n do_v learn_v to_o imitate_v those_o person_n which_o she_o have_v see_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o say_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v judge_v either_o that_o the_o cat_n itself_o will_v answer_v he_o if_o he_o will_v interrogate_v she_o thereupon_o that_o she_o have_v no_o design_n to_o call_v other_o cat_n to_o open_v she_o the_o door_n but_o those_o person_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v it_o after_o all_o shall_v a_o dog_n or_o a_o cat_n address_v its_o voice_n to_o other_o creature_n as_o in_o several_a encounter_n without_o doubt_n it_o may_v and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o come_v to_o its_o aid_n as_o m._n c._n say_v what_o consequence_n can_v he_o draw_v from_o thence_o but_o that_o it_o be_v deceive_v in_o its_o design_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o many_o who_o unprofitable_o demand_v succour_n from_o those_o who_o either_o can_v or_o will_v not_o give_v it_o they_o this_o be_v all_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o what_o m.c._n propose_v concern_v the_o language_n of_o beast_n and_o which_o will_v also_o serve_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o what_o he_o object_n against_o the_o other_o action_n which_o they_o perform_v to_o make_v their_o thought_n know_v for_o confess_v that_o the_o gesture_n the_o mind_n and_o the_o look_n do_v it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o voice_n he_o say_v as_o before_o that_o it_o be_v without_o design_n and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o passion_n of_o which_o reason_n and_o design_n do_v not_o participate_v but_o it_o be_v easy_a thereby_o to_o see_v that_o he_o confound_v the_o design_n of_o the_o understanding_n with_o that_o of_o the_o imagination_n as_o he_o have_v do_v before_o wherefore_o i_o shall_v send_v he_o back_o to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o answer_v since_o beast_n speak_v they_o must_v needs_o reason_n after_o all_o these_o proof_n which_o evident_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o beast_n communicate_v their_o thought_n and_o speak_v together_o have_v we_o not_o reason_n from_o thence_o to_o infer_v that_o they_o do_v reason_n not_o only_o because_o m._n c._n find_v this_o consequence_n necessary_a but_o also_o because_o they_o can_v make_v their_o intention_n know_v to_o demand_n help_v the_o one_o of_o another_o with_o out_o form_v a_o perfect_a ratiocination_n see_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o several_a judgement_n to_o be_v make_v in_o these_o encounter_n so_o many_o progress_v which_o the_o soul_n make_v from_o cause_n to_o their_o effect_n from_o sign_n to_o thing_n signify_v and_o from_o good_n and_o evil_n present_v to_o those_o which_o be_v past_a and_o to_o come_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o we_o must_v find_v it_o in_o the_o form_n and_o contexture_n of_o discourse_n all_o what_o m._n c._n oppose_v hereunto_o be_v that_o he_o have_v show_v how_o beast_n communicate_v their_o thought_n and_o how_o this_o communication_n may_v be_v make_v without_o ratiocination_n but_o if_o my_o memory_n be_v good_a all_o his_o proof_n reduce_v itself_o into_o two_o reason_n which_o we_o have_v destroy_v the_o one_o that_o they_o have_v no_o speech_n and_o the_o other_o that_o they_o have_v no_o design_n or_o intention_n to_o make_v know_v their_o thought_n in_o a_o word_n we_o have_v prove_v the_o contrary_a and_o consequent_o according_a to_o m._n c_n maxim_n have_v we_o no_o other_o mark_n of_o their_o ratiocination_n it_o must_v follow_v that_o they_o reason_n since_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o speak_v as_o for_o the_o example_n which_o we_o produce_v of_o a_o hen_n which_o call_v her_o chicken_n to_o impart_v unto_o they_o the_o grain_n she_o have_v find_v and_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o she_o have_v a_o design_n to_o make_v they_o come_v to_o show_v they_o their_o food_n and_o to_o nourish_v they_o and_o that_o they_o also_o must_v understand_v the_o voice_n which_o summon_v they_o comprehend_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v signify_v by_o it_o and_o hope_v for_o the_o good_a which_o it_o announce_v he_o answer_v only_o that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v by_o instinct_n but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o take_v away_o the_o difficulty_n the_o question_n be_v to_o know_v whether_o all_o these_o action_n be_v do_v with_o knowledge_n for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o we_o must_v also_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o ratiocination_n since_o so_o many_o progress_v of_o one_o knowledge_n to_o another_o can_v be_v without_o discourse_n and_o it_o matter_n not_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o instinct_n for_o as_o fear_v which_o come_v from_o instinct_n be_v a_o true_a fear_n and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o species_n as_o be_v that_o which_o come_v from_o elsewhere_o the_o ratiocination_n which_o precede_v the_o instinct_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o true_a ratiocination_n and_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o other_o now_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v contest_v but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o knowledge_n in_o all_o the_o action_n which_o the_o hen_n and_o chicken_n do_v in_o the_o example_n we_o bring_v design_n and_o intention_n be_v therein_o as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v the_o intention_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n which_o tend_v towards_o good_a &_o that_o the_o hen_n and_o chicken_n will_v do_v the_o thing_n they_o do_v and_o consequent_o form_v the_o design_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n which_o tend_v towards_o the_o good_a the_o design_n because_o it_o be_v a_o proposition_n which_o the_o faculty_n make_v to_o execute_v what_o it_o find_v useful_a which_o ever_o go_v before_o the_o intention_n and_o which_o consequent_o precede_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o hen_n and_o of_o the_o chicken_n they_o agitate_v they_o with_o knowledge_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o conceive_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o judge_v good_a and_o that_o they_o from_o thence_o draw_v those_o consequence_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v all_o the_o difference_n which_o the_o instinct_n bring_v thereunto_o be_v that_o the_o sense_n furnish_v they_o not_o with_o all_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o know_v and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o object_n of_o their_o knowledge_n must_v come_v from_o elsewhere_o but_o whence_o soever_o they_o come_v they_o form_n image_n thereof_o and_o afterward_o unite_v they_o together_o wherein_o all_o knowledge_n consist_v and_o be_v there_o any_o exterior_a thing_n intervening_a among_o these_o action_n it_o will_v be_v as_o a_o help_n and_o not_o as_o a_o principle_n because_o they_o be_v vital_a action_n who_o faculty_n which_o be_v bear_v with_o the_o animal_n be_v the_o first_o and_o last_o cause_n but_o we_o shall_v more_o careful_o examine_v this_o in_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o instinct_n
and_o more_o satisfy_a answer_n to_o all_o the_o objection_n you_o can_v make_v you_o shall_v find_v they_o in_o this_o follow_a discourse_n so_o that_o after_o reflection_n and_o deliberation_n we_o can_v never_o deny_v reason_n to_o beast_n lest_o we_o condemn_v ourselves_o for_o want_n of_o common_a sense_n let_v we_o therefore_o rather_o improve_v our_o intellectual_a faculty_n by_o subdue_a the_o sensual_a and_o thereby_o make_v that_o essential_a difference_n appear_v whereby_o at_o last_o we_o may_v attain_v to_o that_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o author_n so_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v our_o chief_a end_n t._n n._n a_o discourse_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o animal_n the_o introduction_n it_o be_v strange_a that_o man_n who_o believe_v himself_o nature_n masterpiece_n and_o that_o it_o be_v his_o right_n to_o command_v all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o universe_n shall_v not_o have_v inform_v himself_o of_o that_o title_n which_o give_v he_o these_o advantage_n and_o that_o he_o know_v not_o wherein_o the_o excellency_n consist_v wherewith_o he_o flatter_v himself_o not_o whereon_o the_o sovereignty_n he_o claim_v be_v found_v and_o what_o be_v the_o more_o wonderful_a be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v give_v himself_o the_o liberty_n to_o assign_v to_o every_o thing_n the_o rank_n and_o order_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o hold_v in_o the_o world_n and_o to_o prescribe_v they_o the_o function_n they_o be_v to_o exercise_v shall_v have_v forget_v himself_o in_o this_o general_a distribution_n which_o he_o have_v make_v have_v reserve_v for_o himself_o no_o employment_n worthy_a of_o his_o ambition_n or_o of_o the_o quality_n he_o have_v take_v for_o although_o he_o boast_v that_o he_o have_v reason_n for_o his_o portion_n and_o that_o he_o believe_v it_o belong_v to_o he_o in_o propriety_n and_o that_o it_o give_v he_o the_o sovereign_a command_n over_o all_o creature_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o ill_o explain_v himself_o therein_o and_o so_o weak_o maintain_v the_o right_n which_o may_v be_v he_o that_o in_o all_o age_n there_o have_v live_v very_o great_a philosopher_n who_o have_v assure_v that_o beast_n have_v reason_n so_o that_o even_o there_o have_v be_v time_n wherein_o it_o be_v hardly_o permit_v to_o doubt_v it_o and_o that_o since_o the_o contrary_n have_v creep_v into_o the_o school_n the_o most_o clear-sighted_a have_v hold_v it_o as_o suspect_v and_o the_o most_o moderate_a have_v rank_v it_o among_o those_o question_n which_o may_v be_v maintain_v on_o either_o side_n and_o certain_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o wonderful_a industry_n wherewith_o beast_n perform_v the_o most_o part_n of_o their_o work_n the_o ingenious_a foresight_n they_o use_v to_o shun_v evil_a and_o seek_v what_o be_v useful_a for_o they_o the_o sleight_n and_o nicety_n they_o practise_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o society_n and_o the_o communication_n they_o have_v together_o and_o all_o those_o example_n of_o prudence_n of_o gratitude_n and_o of_o generosity_n which_o they_o have_v give_v we_o and_o which_o have_v convince_v such_o great_a person_n it_o be_v impossible_a but_o we_o must_v believe_v or_o at_o least_o suspect_v that_o action_n which_o appear_v so_o reasonable_a can_v but_o be_v manage_v by_o reason_n for_o if_o we_o will_v refer_v they_o to_o instinct_n the_o nature_n thereof_o be_v so_o hide_a that_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n to_o destroy_v such_o clear_a and_o strong_a conjecture_n by_o so_o obscure_a and_o ill_o establish_v a_o thing_n and_o which_o perhaps_o if_o it_o be_v well_o know_v will_v be_v find_v nothing_o different_a or_o estrange_v from_o reason_n in_o effect_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o instinct_n it_o must_v either_o be_v a_o exterior_a cause_n which_o force_v animal_n and_o work_n upon_o they_o without_o their_o contribute_v any_o thing_n but_o obedience_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v a_o faculty_n natural_a unto_o they_o by_o reason_n whereof_o they_o agitate_v themselves_o and_o be_v true_o the_o cause_n and_o principle_n of_o their_o action_n now_o as_o a_o man_n can_v maintain_v that_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a power_n without_o fall_v into_o great_a inconvenience_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o that_o we_o shall_v give_v a_o assault_n to_o the_o almightiness_n and_o infinite_a wisdom_n of_o god_n for_o have_v leave_v his_o work_n imperfect_a and_o have_v deprive_v they_o of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o virtue_n which_o be_v most_o necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n we_o must_v conclude_v it_o be_v a_o faculty_n bear_v with_o they_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o a_o order_n as_o elevate_v as_o its_o effect_n be_v excellent_a and_o which_o consequent_o act_v with_o a_o great_a knowledge_n if_o it_o be_v so_o who_o will_v not_o have_v cause_n to_o believe_v that_o action_n who_o success_n be_v so_o well_o order_v which_o have_v so_o well_o regulate_v a_o progress_n and_o a_o concatenation_n which_o so_o just_o tie_v together_o the_o mean_n with_o their_o end_n must_v needs_o be_v enlighten_v by_o reason_n but_o what_o render_v these_o presumption_n yet_o strong_a be_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o proof_n whereon_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v ground_v for_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o ratiocination_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o beast_n without_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o ratiocination_n for_o certain_o hitherto_o no_o man_n have_v exact_o discover_v wherein_o it_o consist_v nor_o what_o the_o soul_n do_v when_o it_o reason_n not_o what_o difference_n there_o be_v betwixt_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o two_o other_o we_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o in_o the_o first_o the_o understanding_n form_v the_o image_n of_o thing_n but_o when_o we_o come_v to_o examine_v the_o latter_a where_o ratiocination_n consist_v we_o fall_v short_a and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o discourse_n which_o like_o light_n make_v know_v the_o most_o obscure_a thing_n remain_v itself_o unknown_a and_o hide_v itself_o as_o that_o do_v in_o darkness_n yet_o herein_o be_v the_o foundation_n whereon_o the_o decision_n of_o this_o famous_a controversy_n ought_v to_o be_v establish_v and_o there_o have_v be_v no_o more_o subject_a to_o doubt_v if_o after_o have_v show_v how_o ratiocination_n be_v form_v it_o have_v be_v remonstrate_v that_o that_o action_n surpass_v the_o force_n of_o all_o those_o faculty_n which_o be_v in_o beast_n so_o that_o a_o man_n need_v not_o be_v astonish_v if_o for_o default_n of_o have_v well_o observe_v that_o fundamental_a truth_n a_o man_n be_v not_o sure_a of_o the_o party_n he_o ought_v to_o take_v and_o if_o we_o doubt_v of_o those_o conclusion_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o principle_n which_o be_v without_o evidence_n and_o without_o proof_n let_v they_o oppose_v as_o long_o as_o they_o please_v that_o reason_v require_v proposition_n and_o universal_a notion_n and_o that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v without_o abstraction_n and_o some_o reflection_n of_o the_o knowledge_n it_o have_v of_o its_o self_n which_o be_v thing_n whereto_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o soul_n of_o beast_n can_v never_o attain_v yet_o some_o will_v still_o say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o therein_o in_o which_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n consist_v that_o all_o these_o condition_n be_v strange_a unto_o it_o and_o that_o the_o sillogism_n which_o be_v call_v expositive_a be_v a_o evident_a sign_n thereof_o since_o it_o can_v be_v form_v of_o term_n pure_o singular_a without_o any_o abstraction_n and_o there_o be_v no_o need_n for_o the_o spirit_n to_o reflect_v on_o itself_o whence_o it_o follow_v the_o difficulty_n be_v not_o take_v away_o so_o but_o that_o the_o conjecture_n which_o we_o have_v of_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n remain_v in_o full_a force_n and_o that_o nothing_o be_v object_v which_o destroy_v or_o weaken_v it_o after_o which_o who_o dare_v affirm_v that_o it_o be_v reason_n which_o raise_v man_n above_o beast_n without_o render_v that_o right_n doubtful_a which_o can_v be_v contest_v against_o he_o and_o without_o put_v a_o soveraigncie_n in_o competition_n to_o which_o all_o nature_n have_v subject_v itself_o no_o no_o there_o must_v be_v a_o more_o solid_a foundation_n which_o must_v maintain_v his_o dignity_n he_o must_v draw_v his_o perfection_n and_o excellency_n from_o a_o high_a source_n in_o a_o word_n he_o must_v have_v some_o virtue_n which_o must_v be_v so_o eminent_a which_o must_v be_v above_o all_o those_o which_o be_v in_o nature_n and_o whereto_o the_o most_o perfect_a animal_n can_v never_o attain_v but_o we_o must_v yet_o confess_v that_o he_o who_o shall_v have_v discover_v so_o important_a a_o matter_n have_v do_v no_o small_a service_n to_o all_o the_o society_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o perhaps_o he_o have_v little_o less_o oblige_v they_o than_o those_o who_o invent_v the_o most_o profitable_a art_n and_o science_n beside_o that_o he_o
in_o dream_n and_o sickness_n the_o imagination_n assemble_v phantasm_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o order_n to_o assemble_v they_o she_o first_o of_o all_o must_v separate_v those_o with_o which_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a tie_n yet_o will_v not_o m.c._n consent_v to_o this_o truth_n as_o clear_v and_o evident_a as_o it_o be_v and_o he_o say_v that_o to_o persuade_v he_o i_o must_v employ_v reason_n like_o those_o i_o use_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o imagination_n know_v the_o substance_n of_o object_n i_o be_o very_o glad_a that_o m.c._n who_o be_v so_o serious_a will_v sport_v himself_o here_o he_o must_v also_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o say_v that_o he_o may_v do_v it_o more_o modest_o than_o he_o have_v do_v for_o in_o stead_n of_o play_v upon_o i_o he_o offend_v i_o and_o instead_o of_o use_v raillery_n he_o wrong_v i_o be_v i_o to_o revenge_v myself_o i_o shall_v only_o answer_v that_o since_o he_o do_v not_o apprehend_v the_o reason_n he_o speak_v of_o it_o have_v be_v useless_a for_o i_o to_o have_v produce_v the_o like_a but_o as_o there_o be_v a_o great_a appearance_n that_o he_o will_v be_v now_o better_o instruct_v than_o he_o be_v then_o and_o that_o the_o confusion_n he_o will_v be_v in_o to_o have_v use_v i_o so_o unworthy_o be_v revenge_n enough_o for_o i_o i_o shall_v content_v myself_o to_o assure_v he_o that_o i_o have_v not_o only_o take_v the_o leisure_n but_o also_o care_v to_o examine_v the_o reason_n he_o condemn_v and_o that_o other_o as_o judicious_a as_o himself_o have_v approve_v they_o and_o that_o for_o his_o reputation_n it_o have_v be_v to_o have_v be_v wish_v that_o he_o himself_o have_v not_o have_v the_o leisure_n to_o have_v examine_v they_o for_o have_v he_o be_v content_v with_o what_o he_o have_v say_v here_o he_o can_v have_v make_v those_o believe_v which_o have_v net_n the_o commodity_n of_o read_v they_o that_o they_o be_v as_o strange_a as_o he_o imagine_v they_o but_o the_o passion_n he_o have_v to_o leave_v nothing_o uncontradict_v by_o which_o he_o have_v finish_v his_o work_n have_v in_o the_o addition_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o understand_v they_o not_o and_o i_o be_o confident_a that_o this_o happen_v through_o his_o fault_n and_o none_o of_o i_o after_o all_o this_o can_v i_o not_o have_v show_v that_o the_o imagination_n make_v negative_a proposition_n it_o be_v indifferent_a for_o the_o design_n i_o have_v to_o prove_v that_o animal_n reason_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o she_o make_v affirmative_n to_o infer_v what_o i_o pretend_v as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o pursuit_n i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o my_o first_o discourse_n that_o i_o build_v no_o foundation_n on_o the_o proof_n which_o i_o may_v draw_v from_o negative_a proposition_n speak_v thereof_o but_o by_o the_o way_n and_o with_o that_o briefness_n which_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o those_o thing_n require_v which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o those_o of_o which_o have_v be_v ample_o treat_v so_o that_o without_o forsake_v the_o opinion_n i_o have_v of_o these_o proposition_n i_o shall_v grant_v m.c._n that_o i_o have_v not_o well_o establish_v they_o so_o as_o he_o will_v confess_v that_o he_o have_v not_o sufficient_o destroy_v they_o and_o shall_v he_o have_v succeed_v that_o it_o will_v nothing_o prejudice_v the_o right_n which_o i_o defend_v how_o beast_n judge_v of_o thing_n but_o let_v we_o conclude_v this_o troublesome_a discourse_n by_o the_o address_n which_o he_o use_v to_o show_v that_o beast_n judge_v not_o whether_o thing_n be_v good_a or_o ill_a unto_o they_o for_o he_o will_v have_v it_o pass_v for_o a_o authentic_a proof_n p._n 143._o the_o sense_n of_o most_o part_n of_o philosopher_n who_o believe_v they_o judge_v of_o nothing_o and_o that_o they_o know_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v good_a for_o they_o by_o simple_a conception_n without_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v good_a and_o indeed_o if_o he_o can_v oblige_v i_o to_o admit_v for_o the_o judge_n of_o a_o dispute_n those_o who_o be_v my_o adversary_n he_o will_v have_v find_v a_o good_a expedient_a to_o have_v gain_v his_o cause_n i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n and_o that_o the_o school_n teach_v that_o the_o imagination_n be_v not_o say_v to_o compose_v but_o in_o that_o it_o consider_v two_o image_n at_o once_o as_o he_o say_v but_o these_o be_v judge_n or_o interest_v witness_n which_o i_o refuse_v in_o this_o cause_n be_v it_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o authority_n m._n c's_o will_v alone_o of_o itself_o have_v as_o much_o power_n over_o i_o as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o philosopher_n which_o he_o quote_v and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o produce_v reason_n i_o shall_v as_o willing_o follow_v his_o opinion_n as_o that_o of_o all_o the_o school_n but_o here_o we_o must_v of_o necessity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o beast_n judge_v of_o nothing_o it_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o some_o reason_n which_o at_o lest_o must_v be_v probable_a and_o must_v not_o subject_v we_o to_o the_o tyranny_n of_o these_o philosopher_n who_o have_v no_o other_o motive_n to_o believe_v thing_n but_o that_o their_o master_n say_v it_o but_o m._n c._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v from_o his_o bare_a word_n that_o beast_n judge_v not_o of_o the_o object_n of_o their_o appetite_n but_o as_o the_o external_n sense_n judge_n that_o a_o odour_n be_v good_a or_o ill_a that_o fire_n burn_v that_o honey_n be_v sweet_a and_o wormwood_n bitter_a without_o its_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v those_o thing_n for_o the_o tongue_n to_o say_v this_o be_v sweet_a and_o this_o be_v bitter_a first_o he_o confound_v those_o knowledge_n which_o be_v altogether_o different_a for_o the_o sense_n know_v after_o another_o manner_n that_o honey_n be_v sweet_a and_o wormwood_n bitter_a than_o they_o do_v that_o fire_n burn_v and_o that_o a_o smell_n do_v good_a or_o ill_n and_o i_o shall_v always_o grant_v that_o beast_n judge_v not_o of_o the_o object_n of_o their_o appetite_n but_o as_o the_o sense_n know_v that_o fire_n burn_v or_o that_o a_o odour_n be_v ill_a but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o shall_v deny_v that_o they_o judge_v of_o the_o object_n of_o their_o appetite_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o taste_n judge_v of_o the_o sweetness_n of_o honey_n and_o bitterness_n of_o wormwood_n for_o the_o sense_n may_v by_o a_o simple_a conception_n judge_v of_o the_o sweetness_n of_o honey_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a object_n of_o the_o taste_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o always_o necessary_a that_o the_o imagination_n shall_v make_v a_o progress_n from_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o but_o when_o it_o judge_v that_o the_o fire_n burn_v it_o pass_v not_o only_o from_o the_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n but_o it_o add_v also_o one_o image_n which_o be_v not_o sensible_a to_o one_o which_o be_v by_o judge_v that_o burn_a be_v evil_a which_o be_v a_o image_n which_o the_o sense_n furnish_v it_o not_o withal_o since_o to_o be_v good_a or_o ill_a useful_a or_o useless_a be_v such_o thing_n which_o know_v per_fw-la species_n non_fw-la sensatas_fw-la as_o the_o school_n say_v and_o which_o require_v beside_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n that_o of_o the_o estimative_a faculty_n but_o i_o say_v yet_o more_o to_o make_v this_o judgement_n reason_n be_v often_o employ_v therein_o for_o when_o a_o animal_n see_v the_o fire_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o come_v near_o it_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v burn_v by_o it_o he_o must_v have_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o fire_n to_o burn_v and_o remember_v the_o evil_n which_o former_o it_o have_v do_v unto_o he_o and_o consequent_o he_o must_v unite_v the_o image_n of_o the_o burn_a and_o the_o ill_a which_o he_o receive_v thereby_o with_o that_o of_o the_o present_a object_n and_o that_o of_o the_o ill_a which_o he_o apprehend_v therefrom_o which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o discourse_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o beside_o what_o need_n have_v he_o to_o add_v that_o to_o know_v thing_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o tongue_n to_o say_v this_o be_v sweet_a and_o this_o be_v bitter_a do_v he_o believe_v proposition_n may_v not_o be_v make_v without_o speak_v and_o that_o the_o judgement_n which_o the_o soul_n make_v in_o itself_o without_o express_v it_o by_o language_n be_v not_o true_a judgement_n if_o that_o be_v so_o dumb_a person_n will_v be_v more_o unhappy_a than_o we_o think_v they_o to_o be_v since_o they_o shall_v not_o only_o have_v lose_v their_o speech_n but_o even_o their_o judgement_n and_o their_o reason_n however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v not_o the_o tongue_n which_o make_v proposition_n it_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o
of_o they_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o know_v they_o in_o a_o moment_n they_o also_o in_o a_o moment_n must_v form_v the_o image_n of_o they_o but_o this_o appear_v not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o conception_n of_o the_o soul_n we_o will_v experiment_n it_o in_o the_o proposition_n and_o in_o those_o design_n which_o it_o form_n in_o a_o instant_n and_o what_o we_o have_v say_v of_o dream_n sufficient_o declare_v that_o it_o need_v not_o time_n to_o unite_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v different_a and_o which_o have_v no_o other_o natural_a connexion_n the_o one_o with_o other_o so_o that_o all_o the_o doubt_n which_o may_v arise_v from_o hence_o seem_v to_o fall_v on_o the_o union_n of_o several_a proposition_n and_o chief_o when_o they_o compose_v a_o perfect_a ratiocination_n but_o whosoever_o will_v but_o consult_v with_o himself_o and_o mind_n but_o his_o own_o tbought_n he_o will_v easy_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o thing_n which_o follow_v one_o another_o with_o that_o swiftness_n and_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o succession_n among_o they_o it_o be_v a_o succession_n of_o order_n or_o of_o nature_n and_o not_o of_o time_n and_o if_o he_o will_v not_o trust_v to_o his_o own_o judgement_n anim_fw-la 2._o poster_n 1_o de_fw-la motu_fw-la anim_fw-la and_o that_o he_o will_v know_v what_o aristotle_n be_v and_o he_o shall_v learn_v from_o he_o that_o the_o minor_a and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o syllogism_n be_v know_v at_o the_o same_o time_n since_o to_o know_v and_o to_o make_v a_o proposition_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o at_o least_o two_o proposition_n which_o have_v connexion_n together_o may_v be_v find_v in_o one_o moment_n now_o if_o this_o be_v true_a as_o the_o school_n assure_v we_o it_o be_v a_o great_a likelihood_n that_o the_o two_o first_o proposition_n of_o a_o syllogism_n may_v be_v know_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n since_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o minor_a and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v know_v at_o the_o same_o time_n more_o than_o the_o major_a and_o the_o minor_a thus_o we_o shall_v be_v constrain_v to_o confess_v that_o the_o whole_a syllogism_n may_v be_v make_v at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o without_o make_v use_n of_o the_o force_n of_o authority_n that_o of_o the_o follow_a reason_n may_v disannul_v all_o doubt_n and_o entire_o decide_v the_o question_n those_o who_o exercise_n themselves_o to_o discourse_n on_o any_o subject_n find_v so_o great_a a_o facility_n in_o it_o that_o in_o a_o moment_n they_o see_v all_o the_o consequence_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o thence_o and_o as_o they_o say_v know_v the_o conclusion_n in_o the_o principle_n in_o these_o encounter_v they_o of_o necessity_n must_v reason_v otherwise_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o through_o the_o strength_n of_o reason_v they_o shall_v cease_v to_o reason_n and_o then_o the_o habit_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v of_o it_o ju_v to_o perfect_a their_o ratiocination_n shall_v whole_o destroy_v it_o which_o will_v be_v a_o very_a strange_a thing_n and_o very_o singular_a since_o all_o other_o habit_n do_v not_o change_v the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o their_o action_n and_o tend_v only_a to_o render_v they_o more_o perfect_a and_o more_o accomplish_a now_o it_o will_v neither_o be_v to_o leave_v ratiocination_n in_o its_o nature_n nor_o to_o render_v it_o more_o accomplish_v to_o take_v it_o quite_o away_o as_o it_o will_v undoubted_o happen_v if_o it_o change_v to_o another_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n incompatible_a with_o itself_o that_o the_o understanding_n suppose_v ratiocination_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o the_o understanding_n which_o be_v acquire_v in_o pursuit_n be_v a_o high_a and_o more_o noble_a action_n then_o that_o of_o reason_v and_o that_o for_o that_o cause_n the_o angel_n reason_v not_o have_v no_o other_o knowledge_n than_o understanding_n as_o that_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a and_o most_o comformable_a to_o their_o nature_n for_o from_o thence_o it_o can_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o understanding_n be_v not_o a_o true_a ratiocination_n but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v more_o exquisite_a and_o that_o it_o have_v not_o those_o defect_n which_o be_v meet_v withal_o in_o we_o of_o a_o truth_n the_o time_n which_o we_o employ_v to_o form_v they_o be_v no_o essential_a thing_n it_o be_v a_o imperfection_n which_o happen_v to_o they_o from_o the_o weight_n and_o weakness_n of_o our_o spirit_n which_o hinder_v it_o from_o be_v able_a at_o once_o to_o penetrate_v the_o nature_n of_o some_o thing_n and_o at_o one_o view_n to_o see_v the_o several_a relation_n they_o have_v among_o themselves_o but_o as_o by_o exercise_n and_o habit_n these_o defect_n be_v to_o be_v correct_v so_o this_o imperfection_n be_v to_o be_v take_v away_o from_o raticionation_n and_o they_o may_v be_v find_v with_o that_o swiftness_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o antecedent_n and_o the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o it_o to_o come_v back_o to_o the_o understanding_n although_o it_o be_v make_v in_o a_o instant_n it_o change_v neither_o the_o order_n nor_o the_o connexion_n which_o thing_n have_v among_o themselves_o forasmuch_o as_o she_o make_v know_v the_o first_o as_o first_o the_o second_o as_o second_o and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n according_a to_o the_o natural_a order_n they_o observe_v now_o this_o necessary_o carry_v the_o disposition_n and_o the_o knit_n together_o which_o be_v in_o the_o syllogism_n forasmuch_o as_o if_o we_o know_v the_o connextion_n which_o the_o first_o have_v with_o the_o second_o and_o that_o which_o the_o second_o have_v with_o the_o three_o we_o must_v at_o last_o of_o necessity_n come_v to_o know_v the_o connexion_n which_o the_o first_o have_v with_o the_o three_o since_o its_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o precedent_n and_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v ever_o posterior_n to_o its_o cause_n in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n although_o it_o be_v not_o always_o in_o the_o order_n of_o time_n let_v a_o man_n not_o say_v that_o these_o thing_n present_v not_o themselves_o entire_a and_o that_o its_o the_o same_o as_o with_o several_a object_n which_o be_v seem_v at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v needless_a for_o the_o soul_n to_o join_v they_o and_o consequent_o to_o make_v any_o judgement_n or_o discourse_n upon_o they_o beside_o that_o these_o several_a relation_n and_o different_a connexion_n can_v be_v know_v without_o compare_v of_o thing_n and_o that_o they_o can_v be_v compare_v but_o that_o the_o mind_n must_v alternative_o go_v from_o one_o to_o another_o to_o observe_v the_o mutual_a relation_n which_o they_o have_v together_o which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o discourse_n discourse_n that_o angel_n discourse_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o this_o high_a knowledge_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o angel_n shall_v be_v like_o the_o first_o notion_n of_o sense_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o simple_a conception_n or_o apprehension_n of_o object_n the_o order_n of_o nature_n will_v have_v it_o that_o if_o there_o be_v in_o we_o any_o faculty_n or_o action_n which_o be_v to_o be_v communicate_v to_o such_o pure_a and_o perfect_a spirit_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o most_o noble_a and_o the_o most_o excellent_a now_o by_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o philosopher_n the_o three_o operation_n of_o the_o understanding_n be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o first_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o we_o with_o they_o they_o must_v know_v all_o thing_n by_o that_o and_o i_o even_o dare_v say_v that_o all_o their_o knowledge_n be_v but_o a_o perpetual_a ratiocination_n because_o they_o know_v not_o as_o we_o do_v the_o thing_n successive_o and_o by_o parcel_n but_o see_v all_o at_o once_o what_o be_v in_o they_o and_o observe_v all_o the_o relation_n they_o have_v one_o with_o another_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a but_o in_o so_o great_a a_o concourse_n of_o different_a object_n and_o in_o the_o several_a return_v which_o their_o understanding_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v on_o they_o but_o they_o must_v incessant_o reason_n it_o seem_v even_o that_o this_o wonderful_a disposition_n which_o god_n have_v put_v through_o all_o the_o universe_n require_v that_o since_o those_o thing_n which_o hold_v the_o last_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n can_v never_o know_v their_o object_n but_o by_o simple_a and_o primary_n notion_n those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o supreme_a degree_n and_o which_o be_v most_o perfect_a of_o all_o ought_v never_o to_o know_v they_o but_o by_o discourse_n i_o know_v well_o that_o in_o the_o school_n there_o be_v those_o which_o say_v that_o angel_n have_v no_o simple_a conception_n and_o apprehension_n and_o that_o they_o know_v thing_n by_o make_v affirmation_n and_o negation_n by_o a_o simple_a judgement_n which_o they_o call_v by_o intelligence_n
but_o in_o this_o case_n they_o must_v either_o assemble_v or_o divide_v the_o image_n of_o thing_n because_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n can_v be_v otherwise_o find_v but_o by_o the_o union_n and_o separation_n of_o image_n now_o if_o this_o be_v so_o they_o must_v discourse_v because_o that_o in_o the_o union_n of_o several_a image_n which_o the_o relation_n and_o comparison_n of_o thing_n require_v the_o form_n and_o contexture_n of_o discourse_n must_v therein_o necessary_o be_v find_v however_o it_o be_v that_o discourse_n which_o be_v thus_o make_v be_v most_o perfect_a and_o have_v not_o those_o defect_n which_o be_v common_o find_v in_o other_o because_o it_o be_v make_v in_o a_o instant_n and_o that_o all_o at_o once_o it_o give_v the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o the_o proposition_n which_o compose_v it_o but_o what_o if_o this_o be_v so_o thing_n a_o syllogism_n which_o be_v make_v in_o a_o instant_n go_v from_o know_v to_o unknown_a thing_n the_o understanding_n can_v move_v from_o thing_n more_o know_v to_o know_v to_o those_o which_o be_v less_o know_v as_o we_o say_v it_o be_v always_o do_v in_o discourse_n certain_o if_o by_o the_o most_o know_a thing_n we_o understand_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v know_v some_o time_n before_o the_o rest_n its_o certain_a this_o progress_n be_v not_o make_v here_o where_o all_o be_v know_v at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o if_o we_o understand_v that_o these_o thing_n be_v by_o nature_n and_o by_o reason_n more_o know_v because_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o principle_n and_o sum_n of_o the_o rest_n we_o must_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o a_o progress_n be_v make_v from_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v more_o know_v to_o those_o which_o be_v less_o now_o universal_a thing_n be_v by_o nature_n and_o reason_n more_o know_v than_o particular_n cause_n than_o effect_n in_o a_o word_n the_o first_o than_o the_o last_o although_o they_o may_v be_v all_o know_v at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o this_o be_v no_o place_n to_o heighten_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o if_o in_o this_o opinion_n there_o be_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o the_o school_n it_o be_v that_o the_o school_n have_v not_o consider_v ratiocination_n in_o its_o nature_n but_o in_o its_o species_n that_o it_o have_v define_v the_o gender_n by_o its_o difference_n and_o that_o at_o last_o it_o stop_v at_o the_o most_o common_a way_n of_o discourse_v which_o be_v observe_v among_o man_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o other_o and_o without_o observe_v that_o the_o condition_n therein_o require_v be_v defect_n and_o not_o thing_n essential_a unto_o it_o after_o all_o this_o can_v not_o discourse_n be_v make_v in_o a_o instant_n it_o be_v yet_o true_a that_o it_o be_v often_o make_v so_o fast_o that_o its_o impossible_a to_o observe_v therein_o any_o sensible_a and_o manifest_a succession_n of_o time_n and_o there_o be_v no_o mind_n so_o heavy_a and_o stupid_a which_o can_v make_v proof_n in_o itself_o of_o the_o extreme_a swiftness_n it_o make_v use_v of_o to_o draw_v certain_a consequence_n and_o to_o discourse_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o memory_n present_v it_o withal_o now_o i_o will_v take_v no_o other_o advantage_n in_o the_o dispute_n i_o have_v with_o m._n c._n to_o stop_v his_o mouth_n when_o he_o so_o often_o oppose_v against_o i_o p._n 137_o the_o great_a number_n of_o proposition_n and_o syllogism_n which_o a_o beast_n must_v be_v oblige_v to_o make_v before_o it_o shall_v carry_v itself_o towards_o any_o thing_n have_v it_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_v which_o we_o give_v it_o page_n 139_o that_o when_o it_o have_v find_v any_o please_a object_n his_o appetite_n provoke_v he_o so_o strong_o that_o he_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o discourse_v thereupon_o and_o that_o at_o last_o the_o precipitation_n wherewith_o he_o agitate_v be_v incompatible_a with_o so_o many_o proposition_n which_o we_o make_v he_o make_v for_o if_o all_o this_o may_v be_v do_v in_o a_o moment_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o a_o imperceptible_a time_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v fear_v but_o that_o the_o imagination_n may_v have_v time_n to_o execute_v it_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o precipitation_n wherewith_o beast_n be_v wont_a to_o agitate_v yet_o will_v i_o not_o that_o all_o proposition_n which_o they_o make_v on_o the_o same_o object_n be_v make_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n i_o know_v they_o may_v see_v a_o thing_n long_o before_o they_o taft_v it_o and_o after_o have_v taste_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o will_v not_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o eat_v it_o although_o they_o find_v it_o good_a to_o the_o taste_n forasmuch_o as_o have_v no_o need_n to_o eat_v they_o conceive_v it_o not_o good_a to_o eat_v but_o i_o pretend_v only_o to_o show_v by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o which_o follow_v one_o another_o very_o ready_o it_o be_v nothing_o necessary_a for_o a_o sensible_a space_n of_o time_n to_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o other_o which_o be_v form_v the_o one_o after_o another_o in_o length_n of_o time_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o those_o we_o make_v let_v we_o return_v to_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o that_o syllogism_n which_o have_v give_v so_o much_o trouble_v to_o m._n c._n and_o defend_v he_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o assault_n we_o give_v he_o he_o therefore_o say_v page_n 126._o universal_a the_o term_n of_o this_o syllogism_n be_v not_o universal_a that_o all_o the_o term_n which_o compose_v it_o be_v universal_a and_o therefore_o that_o its_o impossible_a for_o beast_n to_o use_v it_o since_o they_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o form_v any_o universal_a notion_n true_o i_o ought_v to_o believe_v that_o m._n c._n have_v a_o very_a ill_a opinion_n of_o i_o to_o make_v i_o such_o a_o boyish_a objection_n and_o to_o think_v to_o trouble_v i_o with_o a_o slight_a subtlety_n of_o the_o school_n which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o stop_v the_o mean_a logician_n there_o be_v none_o but_o know_v that_o the_o term_n be_v common_a and_o general_a two_o way_n either_o because_o they_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o several_a thing_n or_o because_o they_o signify_v a_o nature_n which_o be_v conceive_v common_a to_o divers_a thing_n we_o may_v apply_v that_o of_o sweet_a to_o all_o the_o particular_a object_n which_o the_o sense_n judge_v sweet_a and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o without_o think_v that_o sweetness_n be_v a_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o those_o subject_n and_o that_o in_o this_o the_o imagination_n use_v it_o as_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v in_o the_o propose_a syllogism_n but_o in_o that_o sense_n there_o they_o represent_v no_o universal_a idea_n and_o therefore_o m.c._n can_v infer_v what_o he_o pretend_v in_o effect_n be_v his_o reason_n good_a it_o can_v not_o be_v that_o a_o beast_n shall_v know_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v sweet_a forasmuch_o as_o the_o term_n of_o sweet_a as_o he_o say_v be_v a_o universal_a term_n which_o suppose_v a_o universal_a idea_n whereof_o beast_n be_v not_o capable_a if_o it_o be_v therefore_o true_a that_o the_o sense_n know_v what_o be_v sweet_a and_o that_o sweet_a be_v not_o a_o universal_a term_n since_o the_o sense_n only_o know_v singular_a thing_n why_o shall_v it_o rather_o be_v universal_a in_o this_o syllogism_n then_o in_o the_o judgement_n the_o sense_n make_v of_o it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o all_o the_o term_n of_o sweet_a of_o good_a of_o thing_n shall_v have_v a_o more_o general_a signification_n and_o more_o transcendent_a than_o they_o have_v they_o will_v lose_v it_o by_o the_o restriction_n which_o the_o demonstrative_a pronoune_n give_v they_o for_o when_o we_o say_v this_o sweet_a this_o good_a this_o thing_n we_o figure_v nothing_o which_o be_v general_a or_o transcendent_a but_o the_o mind_n common_o stop_v at_o the_o singularity_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v express_v by_o these_o term_n to_o conclude_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o general_a connexion_n of_o term_n he_o add_v that_o this_o syllogism_n conclude_v nothing_o unless_o we_o know_v that_o all_o what_o be_v sweet_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v and_o that_o if_o a_o beast_n do_v not_o only_o know_v this_o universal_a proposition_n but_o also_o its_o universality_n it_o can_v employ_v sweetness_n as_o a_o mean_n to_o conclude_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o aliment_n this_o reason_n be_v please_v to_o m._n c._n for_o he_o repeat_v it_o in_o the_o 132_o page_n where_o he_o very_o much_o insist_o on_o the_o knowledge_n which_o a_o beast_n ought_v to_o have_v of_o the_o universal_a connexion_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o sweetness_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o aliment_n to_o conclude_v such_o a_o thing_n good_a to_o eat_v
that_o they_o be_v serviceable_a to_o knowledge_n they_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v of_o all_o the_o surplusage_n which_o concern_v they_o i_o will_v fain_o ask_v m._n c._n how_o he_o conceive_v that_o motion_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o image_n which_o be_v preserve_v thereof_o in_o the_o memory_n and_o how_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v fix_v and_o permanent_a can_v express_v another_o which_o have_v nothing_o that_o be_v stable_a and_o be_v in_o a_o continual_a flux_n for_o my_o part_n i_o find_v it_o as_o difficult_a to_o comprehend_v how_o time_n may_v be_v represent_v by_o any_o image_n and_o if_o m._n c._n grant_v that_o there_o be_v one_o of_o motion_n although_o he_o know_v not_o how_o it_o may_v be_v represent_v he_o know_v not_o why_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v none_o of_o time_n because_o according_a to_o his_o opinion_n none_o can_v represent_v it_o for_o there_o be_v a_o equal_a reason_n either_o to_o receive_v they_o for_o the_o one_o and_o for_o the_o other_o on_o what_o we_o experiment_n that_o the_o imagination_n know_v they_o both_o or_o to_o refuse_v they_o on_o this_o that_o we_o know_v not_o how_o to_o represent_v they_o but_o we_o be_v more_o near_o to_o examine_v m._n c._n reason_n otherwise_o he_o will_v believe_v we_o mean_v to_o baffle_v he_o with_o these_o subtlety_n and_o according_a to_o his_o custom_n he_o may_v brag_v we_o have_v not_o answer_v they_o what_o cause_n soever_o we_o have_v not_o to_o stop_v there_o for_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o imagination_n may_v know_v the_o time_n past_a m_o c_n first_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o imagination_n know_v the_o absent_a ill_a without_o discern_v that_o it_o be_v absent_a because_o absence_n have_v no_o image_n no_o more_o than_o other_o privation_n and_o so_o the_o memory_n be_v unable_a to_o represent_v they_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v a_o material_a faculty_n can_v know_v it_o there_o be_v several_a way_n to_o answer_v this_o objection_n first_o m._n c_o confoud_v here_o the_o past_a ill_a with_o the_o absent_a ill_n although_o they_o be_v two_o different_a thing_n see_v there_o be_v absent_a ill_n which_o be_v not_o past_a and_o if_o we_o apply_v these_o word_n to_o time_n as_o m.c._n do_v it_o be_v still_o certain_a that_o to_o be_v absent_a make_v not_o the_o difference_n essential_a of_o the_o time_n past_a because_o the_o absence_n be_v a_o privation_n which_o can_v enter_v into_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o real_a thing_n such_o as_o time_n be_v and_o therefore_o the_o time_n past_a be_v not_o past_a in_o that_o it_o be_v absent_a but_o its_o absent_a for_o that_o its_o past_a whence_o you_o may_v judge_v that_o the_o absence_n be_v but_o a_o accident_n which_o happen_v to_o time_n and_o that_o consequent_o the_o imagination_n may_v know_v the_o time_n past_a without_o know_v it_o to_o be_v absent_a since_o the_o time_n past_a be_v to_o be_v know_v by_o its_o true_a difference_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v real_a and_o not_o privative_a but_o it_o may_v be_v demand_v what_o the_o difference_n be_v which_o may_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o imagination_n certain_o if_o time_n be_v the_o successive_a durance_n of_o motion_n or_o to_o observe_v the_o term_n of_o the_o school_n if_o it_o be_v the_o number_n and_o distinction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o motion_n as_o that_o some_o flow_v before_o and_o other_o afterward_o its_o certain_a that_o the_o number_n of_o the_o part_n of_o motion_n which_o flow_v first_o make_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o time_n past_a now_o there_o be_v nothing_o herein_o which_o the_o imagination_n may_v not_o know_v for_o the_o distinction_n and_o the_o effective_a number_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v sensible_a may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o sense_n so_o the_o sense_n may_v know_v three_o man_n three_o horse_n because_o man_n and_o horse_n be_v sensible_a thing_n if_o it_o be_v therefore_o true_a that_o motion_n be_v sensible_a as_o m._n c._n avow_v the_o number_n of_o motion_n ought_v to_o be_v so_o too_o and_o if_o the_o sense_n can_v know_v the_o motion_n without_o know_v the_o precedent_a part_n because_o motion_n speak_v succession_n and_o who_o speak_v succession_n suppose_v something_o which_o precede_v of_o necessity_n the_o sense_n must_v know_v the_o part_n which_o have_v fly_v and_o must_v therefore_o know_v the_o number_n of_o the_o part_n of_o motion_n which_o do_v flow_v before_o the_o rest_n now_o this_o be_v to_o know_v the_o time_n past_a without_o doubt_n m.c._n do_v not_o consider_v the_o wrong_n he_o do_v his_o own_o cause_n when_o the_o truth_n force_v he_o to_o confess_v that_o sense_n know_v motion_n neither_o do_v he_o foresee_v the_o reason_n and_o the_o consequence_n which_o we_o have_v now_o draw_v from_o thence_o but_o to_o give_v he_o satisfaction_n in_o some_o other_o thing_n i_o shall_v grant_v he_o that_o absence_n be_v a_o privation_n and_o a_o negation_n of_o a_o be_v so_o as_o he_o will_v remember_v the_o distinction_n we_o produce_v pag._n 72._o where_o we_o say_v there_o be_v direct_v and_o oblique_a negation_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v we_o may_v both_o be_v satisfy_v he_o to_o find_v the_o proposition_n which_o he_o have_v produce_v to_o be_v true_a for_o direct_v negation_n which_o can_v be_v know_v by_o the_o imagination_n and_o i_o to_o have_v show_v that_o oblique_a negation_n may_v at_o least_o by_o accident_n be_v thereby_o know_v thus_o we_o may_v together_o judge_v that_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o the_o absence_n and_o the_o privation_n which_o happen_v to_o time_n past_a but_o it_o know_v the_o time_n pass_v deprive_v of_o the_o absent_a thing_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o time_n present_a and_o that_o by_o separate_v the_o image_n of_o the_o present_a with_o that_o of_o the_o time_n which_o be_v run_v away_o it_o by_o accident_n know_v that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o this_o separation_n that_o the_o time_n past_a be_v distinct_a and_o separate_a from_o the_o present_a and_o that_o consequent_o it_o be_v not_o present_a that_o in_o fine_a it_o form_v a_o image_n of_o that_o oblique_a absence_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o separation_n be_v a_o modification_n of_o the_o image_n and_o that_o this_o modification_n pass_v for_o a_o image_n since_o it_o represent_v the_o thing_n separate_v as_o we_o have_v more_o ample_o show_v in_o the_o 73_o and_o 74_o page_n m._n c's_o second_o be_v that_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n as_o abstract_v or_o join_v with_o the_o thing_n have_v no_o material_a image_n which_o can_v represent_v they_o to_o the_o imagination_n and_o that_o as_o a_o man_n can_v never_o say_v that_o the_o eye_n see_v a_o soul_n although_o join_v with_o the_o body_n because_o the_o soul_n have_v no_o image_n to_o join_v with_o that_o of_o the_o body_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n all_o this_o discourse_n be_v but_o a_o paralogism_n which_o suppose_v what_o be_v in_o question_n and_o compare_v thing_n which_o be_v of_o several_a gender_n and_o have_v nothing_o common_a among_o they_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v sensible_a since_o motion_n be_v sensible_a and_o that_o the_o number_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v sensible_a be_v also_o sensible_a now_o the_o number_n of_o motion_n make_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n and_o therefore_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v sensible_a and_o consequent_o they_o have_v material_a image_n since_o they_o can_v be_v sensible_a without_o have_v some_o kind_n of_o image_n so_o that_o the_o soul_n which_o be_v not_o sensible_a ought_v not_o nor_o can_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n which_o be_v sensible_a and_o m._n c._n can_v thereupon_o conclude_v nothing_o the_o imagination_n may_v know_v the_o time_n to_o come_v the_o three_o be_v particular_a for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o it_o import_v that_o if_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n but_o when_o then_o be_v conjunctive_a with_o the_o thing_n its_o impossible_a it_o shall_v know_v the_o time_n to_o come_v since_o it_o can_v know_v with_o what_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o be_v conjoin_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v present_a and_o if_o it_o be_v present_a the_o time_n to_o be_v conjoin_v to_o it_o must_v also_o be_v present_a be_v not_o therefore_o present_a it_o can_v furnish_v no_o image_n neither_o to_o the_o memory_n nor_o to_o the_o imagination_n observe_v this_o for_o another_o paralogism_n which_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o word_n thing_n which_o m._n c._n understand_v of_o the_o material_a &_o exterior_a object_n instead_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o formal_a object_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o image_n or_o of_o the_o thing_n represent_v for_o when_o we_o say_v we_o know_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n conjoin_v
or_o a_o custom_n he_o have_v need_n of_o memory_n but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o to_o acquire_v it_o and_o for_o that_o cause_n that_o animal_n can_v acustom_v themselves_o to_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v without_o the_o help_n of_o reason_n and_o of_o memory_n although_o it_o may_v be_v that_o they_o may_v afterward_o without_o it_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o accustom_v themselves_o unto_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o i_o do_v not_o cease_v to_o believe_v but_o that_o all_o true_a habit_n have_v need_n of_o memory_n and_o that_o who_o ever_o shall_v lose_v it_o will_v also_o lose_v the_o use_n of_o all_o other_o habit_n he_o have_v acquire_v how_o perfect_a soever_o they_o be_v but_o since_o i_o do_v not_o explicate_v myself_o thereupon_o why_o will_v m._n c._n divine_a my_o thought_n and_o find_v inconvenience_n in_o thing_n which_o i_o never_o yet_o say_v yet_o do_v i_o not_o insist_v hereupon_o since_o he_o at_o last_o remit_v himself_o to_o reason_n and_o confess_v pag_n 159_o that_o this_o faculty_n be_v necessary_a for_o several_a action_n which_o beast_n perform_v and_o the_o good_a and_o ill_a which_o happen_v to_o they_o remain_v in_o their_o memory_n and_o afterward_o oblige_v they_o to_o reject_v the_o same_o action_n for_o although_o he_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v on_o the_o hope_n or_o fear_n that_o the_o same_o good_a or_o the_o same_o ill_n may_v happen_v unto_o they_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o after_o he_o have_v see_v the_o reason_n which_o we_o have_v use_v to_o maintain_v this_o truth_n he_o will_v present_o yield_v up_o the_o cudgel_n for_o my_o part_n i_o find_v the_o proceed_n therein_o hold_v very_o equitable_a and_o i_o very_o much_o approve_v the_o prudence_n he_o have_v to_o expect_v till_o i_o have_v evident_o make_v he_o see_v that_o beast_n fear_v and_o hope_n and_o that_o they_o confer_v the_o time_n pass_v with_o the_o future_a before_o he_o oblige_v himself_o to_o believe_v it_o i_o even_o maintain_v that_o in_o the_o quality_n which_o he_o here_o take_v of_o a_o defender_n he_o may_v in_o conscience_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o ratiocination_n therein_o without_o be_v oblige_v to_o produce_v reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o that_o if_o he_o do_v so_o it_o be_v as_o he_o say_v superabundance_n of_o right_n and_o out_o of_o pure_a zeal_n which_o he_o have_v for_o the_o truth_n but_o also_o this_o same_o prudence_n and_o this_o same_o zeal_n engage_v he_o to_o change_v his_o opinion_n now_o he_o have_v wherewithal_o to_o satisfy_v his_o doubt_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v obscure_a unto_o he_o now_o present_v themselves_o clear_a and_o evident_a it_o be_v a_o advice_n which_o i_o give_v he_o for_o his_o own_o sake_n for_o he_o may_v well_o think_v that_o it_o concern_v not_o i_o and_o that_o what_o part_n soever_o he_o take_v my_o cause_n will_v neither_o be_v better_a nor_o worse_o to_o wit_n whether_o one_o may_v accustom_v one_o self_n to_o some_o thing_n without_o reason_v let_v we_o examine_v the_o other_o point_n where_o by_o new_a example_n he_o will_v show_v that_o we_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o several_a thing_n whereto_o reason_n be_v nothing_o serviceable_a for_o it_o be_v here_o that_o he_o triumph_v and_o flatter_v himself_o with_o the_o advantage_n he_o think_v he_o have_v over_o i_o for_o that_o i_o have_v not_o answer_v to_o those_o he_o have_v former_o propose_v on_o the_o same_o subject_n i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o answer_v to_o they_o because_o i_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v do_v it_o and_o m._n c._n wrong_v himself_o to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o since_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n wherein_o he_o believe_v the_o decisive_a point_n of_o the_o question_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v without_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v therein_o altogether_o useless_a nay_o i_o shall_v repeat_v it_o again_o i_o pretend_v to_o speak_v only_o of_o custom_n and_o habit_n in_o which_o he_o himself_o say_v that_o memory_n be_v necessary_a and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o if_o animal_n have_v some_o one_o of_o that_o nature_n to_o conclude_v that_o they_o can_v not_o have_v acquire_v they_o without_o reason_v since_o they_o must_v have_v confer_v the_o present_a object_n with_o those_o which_o be_v past_a and_o those_o which_o be_v to_o come_v as_o we_o have_v say_v so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v other_o in_o which_o this_o progress_n be_v not_o make_v in_o good_a time_n be_v it_o as_o i_o hinder_v he_o not_o so_o it_o also_o hinder_v not_o my_o consequence_n from_o be_v good_a and_o true_a but_o what_o all_o these_o few_o observation_n he_o have_v make_v must_v they_o lie_v on_o his_o hand_n without_o his_o draw_v any_o advantage_n from_o they_o no_o indeed_o how_o slight_a soever_o they_o be_v we_o must_v disburden_v he_o of_o they_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n show_v he_o for_o what_o they_o may_v be_v good_a which_o i_o will_v not_o do_v as_o he_o do_v out_o of_o superabundance_n of_o right_n since_o it_o matter_n nothing_o to_o our_o question_n but_o out_o of_o the_o only_a desire_n which_o i_o have_v to_o make_v he_o know_v the_o truth_n but_o we_o must_v first_o bring_v they_o to_o light_v that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v what_o we_o be_v upon_o and_o that_o he_o may_v give_v judgement_n from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o first_o be_v of_o child_n who_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o several_a thing_n before_o they_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n the_o second_o be_v from_o the_o stomach_n which_o accustom_n itself_o to_o certain_a mean_n and_o which_o regulate_v its_o hunger_n at_o certain_a hour_n the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o liver_n which_o accustom_n itself_o to_o make_v the_o more_o blood_n the_o often_o we_o be_v let_v blood_n the_o four_o be_v of_o the_o fluxious_a which_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o fall_v on_o certain_a part_n the_o five_o be_v of_o the_o external_a sense_n which_o acquire_v habit_n some_o person_n have_v be_v find_v who_o have_v accustom_v themselves_o to_o the_o taste_n of_o woormwood_n and_o to_o the_o smell_n of_o stink_a thing_n etc._n etc._n the_o six_o be_v from_o the_o common_a sense_n which_o take_v a_o custom_n of_o sleep_v and_o wake_v at_o regulate_v hour_n the_o seven_o the_o eight_o and_o the_o nine_o be_v from_o the_o memory_n from_o the_o appetite_n and_o from_o the_o motive_n virtue_n which_o acquire_v habit_n from_o all_o this_o he_o conclude_v that_o it_o not_o necessary_a to_o accustom_v one_o self_n to_o any_o thing_n to_o make_v use_n of_o reason_n since_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v propose_v which_o be_v reasonable_a nor_o any_o of_o their_o effect_n wherein_o reason_n appear_v first_o when_o he_o say_v that_o reason_n herein_o be_v not_o necessary_a he_o intend_v intellectual_a reason_n since_o he_o acknowledge_v none_o other_o and_o in_o that_o sense_n i_o grant_v he_o all_o what_o he_o say_v but_o our_o difference_n be_v not_o therein_o it_o consist_v to_o know_v whether_o the_o imagination_n reason_n not_o in_o these_o encounter_n in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o employ_v the_o word_n custom_n without_o observe_v the_o several_a signification_n it_o have_v and_o indifferent_o apply_v it_o to_o several_a thing_n without_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o one_o and_o improper_o to_o other_o which_o yet_o be_v necessary_a to_o induce_v what_o he_o pretend_v for_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o retort_v all_o his_o example_n in_o which_o this_o word_n have_v not_o its_o true_a and_o proper_a signification_n m_o c._n shall_v have_v remember_v that_o custom_n and_o habit_n be_v active_a disposition_n and_o can_v be_v proper_o apply_v to_o passives_n wherefore_o when_o they_o say_v that_o a_o man_n accustom_n himself_o to_o heat_n and_o cold_a that_o the_o stomach_n accustom_n itself_o to_o certain_a meat_n that_o some_o have_v accustom_v themselves_o to_o find_v the_o taste_n of_o woormwood_n pleasant_a etc._n etc._n this_o word_n have_v not_o therein_o its_o natural_a signification_n because_o that_o in_o all_o these_o kind_n of_o speak_v we_o mean_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o we_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o suffer_v those_o object_n and_o that_o the_o facility_n we_o find_v therein_o be_v a_o pure_a material_a and_o passive_a disposition_n which_o the_o use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v leave_v in_o the_o organ_n in_o effect_n we_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o heat_n because_o the_o impression_n of_o heat_n remain_v in_o the_o part_n and_o make_v that_o what_o come_v afterward_o operate_v not_o so_o powerful_o on_o the_o body_n which_o be_v already_o imbue_v with_o that_o quality_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o odour_n favour_n and_o other_o sensible_a object_n which_o by_o mean_n of_o strike_v the_o sense_n leave_v a_o certain_a character_n in_o
can_v pass_v for_o a_o proof_n since_o its_o the_o subject_n of_o our_o difference_n and_o contest_v at_o further_a m._n c._n can_v disavow_v that_o before_o the_o creature_n move_v to_o any_o thing_n it_o must_v be_v know_v unto_o it_o as_o good_a and_o feasible_a and_o he_o must_v propose_v in_o himself_o to_o do_v it_o thus_o the_o question_n reduce_v itself_o to_o this_o point_n to_o know_v whether_o it_o form_v these_o knowledge_n by_o proposition_n or_o by_o simple_a notion_n now_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o we_o both_o that_o the_o sense_n do_v not_o know_v thing_n as_o good_a and_o feasible_a because_o they_o receive_v no_o image_n of_o the_o goodness_n or_o of_o the_o possibility_n and_o that_o that_o belong_v proper_o to_o the_o imagination_n which_o add_v these_o notion_n to_o that_o of_o the_o sense_n which_o for_o that_o cause_n be_v call_v in_o the_o school_n species_n non_fw-la sensatae_fw-la if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o imagination_n of_o necessity_n must_v have_v the_o image_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o of_o the_o possibility_n and_o unite_v it_o with_o that_o of_o the_o object_n to_o know_v it_o to_o be_v good_a and_o feasible_a and_o consequent_o she_o than_o make_v affirmative_a proposition_n since_o to_o unite_v the_o image_n and_o make_v these_o proposition_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o second_o part._n it_o be_v there_o where_o he_o may_v find_v the_o reason_n which_o we_o have_v not_o inculcate_v in_o our_o first_o work_n think_v it_o the_o best_a way_n to_o treat_v with_o understand_a person_n there_o i_o say_v he_o shall_v find_v they_o more_o enlarge_v more_o clear_a and_o in_o my_o opinion_n more_o forcible_a to_o persuade_v he_o that_o i_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o imagination_n make_v affirmative_n but_o that_o in_o effect_n i_o have_v solid_o prove_v it_o on_o the_o principle_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o school_n whilst_o he_o be_v busy_v in_o consult_v this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v here_o observe_v whether_o he_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v surprise_v as_o he_o say_v that_o i_o shall_v persuade_v myself_o that_o these_o three_o proposition_n make_v a_o ratiocination_n and_o whether_o he_o do_v wise_o to_o defy_v all_o the_o logician_n to_o make_v of_o it_o a_o reasonable_a syllogism_n first_o i_o may_v answer_v he_o in_o a_o word_n that_o i_o never_o say_v that_o these_o three_o proposition_n make_v a_o syllogism_n but_o that_o they_o make_v a_o discourse_n and_o a_o true_a ratiocination_n and_o as_o there_o be_v other_o reason_n beside_o the_o syllogism_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o my_o design_n if_o i_o prove_v that_o beast_n discourse_n that_o they_o make_v a_o ratiocination_n without_o make_v a_o syllogism_n but_o what_o m._n c._n when_o he_o make_v a_o enthymema_n when_o he_o make_v a_o sorite_n do_v he_o not_o reason_n yet_o he_o make_v therein_o no_o syllogism_n at_o lest_o which_o have_v all_o the_o condition_n necessary_a thereunto_o on_o the_o other_o side_n although_o a_o man_n can_v form_v a_o only_a and_o simple_a syllogism_n of_o these_o three_o proposition_n yet_o a_o man_n may_v make_v a_o compose_a syllogism_n which_o be_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a syllogism_n i_o confess_v that_o these_o three_o proposition_n can_v assemble_v themselves_o but_o they_o must_v contain_v four_o term_n and_o that_o three_o can_v but_o enter_v into_o a_o simple_a syllogism_n but_o this_o forbid_v we_o not_o but_o we_o may_v make_v one_o of_o the_o two_o first_o proposition_n and_o that_o the_o last_o to_o be_v add_v need_v not_o pass_v for_o a_o new_a consequence_n which_o join_v with_o the_o precedent_n will_v make_v a_o compose_a discourse_n of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o of_o a_o enthymema_n thus_o a_o animal_n that_o will_v eat_v any_o thing_n may_v first_o have_v discourse_v after_o this_o manner_n this_o sweet_a be_v good_n this_o good_a may_v be_v eat_v then_o this_o sweet_a may_v be_v eat_v then_o it_o must_v be_v eat_v but_o i_o will_v not_o have_v this_o to_o be_v a_o entire_a syllogism_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v assemble_v as_o m_n c._n say_v the_o two_o first_o proposition_n in_o one_o this_o thing_n be_v good_a and_o feasible_a and_o that_o he_o afterward_o conclude_v than_o it_o must_v be_v do_v will_v he_o not_o then_o make_v a_o enthymema_n of_o three_o proposition_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o one_o proposition_n copulative_a as_o that_o be_v be_v worth_a a_o double_a proposition_n since_o therein_o be_v a_o double_a union_n for_o so_o these_o three_o proposition_n will_v compose_v a_o true_a discourse_n and_o in_o this_o case_n m._n c._n be_v much_o in_o the_o wrong_n to_o defy_v all_o the_o logician_n to_o make_v any_o syllogism_n thereof_o and_o to_o render_v they_o incapable_a to_o form_v a_o discourse_n which_o beast_n themselves_o may_v make_v but_o say_v he_o to_o conclude_v the_o operation_n there_o must_v be_v a_o universal_a proposition_n make_v which_o must_v affirm_v that_o one_o must_v do_v all_o that_o be_v good_a and_o feasible_a he_o be_v much_o mistake_v the_o particular_a connexion_n of_o goodness_n and_o possibility_n with_o the_o operation_n be_v sufficient_a without_o have_v a_o universal_a as_o we_o show_v in_o speak_v of_o that_o which_o be_v between_o the_o sweetness_n and_o goodness_n of_o a_o aliment_n for_o at_o last_o we_o must_v always_o return_v thither_o that_o the_o animal_n know_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v good_a that_o he_o know_v also_o that_o its_o possible_a as_o the_o school_n resolve_n and_o that_o upon_o these_o two_o knowledge_n he_o undertake_v to_o do_v it_o so_o that_o if_o a_o connexion_n betwixt_o these_o antecedent_n notion_n and_o the_o operation_n be_v necessary_a and_o that_o the_o beast_n must_v know_v it_o to_o act_n it_o must_v also_o know_v it_o but_o as_o particular_a since_o the_o imagination_n can_v raise_v itself_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o universal_a thing_n it_o be_v therefore_o useless_a to_o add_v any_o general_a proposition_n to_o the_o ratiocination_n which_o a_o beast_n than_o have_v no_o more_o then_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o m.c._n pretend_v aught_o to_o follow_v that_o for_o say_v he_o page_z 104._o if_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v this_o ratiocination_n before_o we_o shall_v resolve_v to_o eat_v any_o thing_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v a_o second_o before_o we_o bring_v it_o to_o our_o mouth_n and_o so_o a_o three_o chew_v of_o it_o and_o to_o chew_v it_o one_o must_v make_v a_o four_o to_o cause_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o a_o five_o to_o send_v spirit_n thereunto_o and_o so_o every_o stroke_n of_o the_o tooth_n and_o every_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n will_v require_v as_o many_o syllogism_n and_o universal_a proposition_n of_o which_o the_o imagination_n be_v altogether_o uncapable_a shall_v i_o answer_v m._n c._n but_o out_o of_o universal_a proposition_n which_o i_o do_v not_o admit_v in_o all_o these_o ratiocination_n there_o be_v nothing_o herein_o but_o may_v be_v do_v perhaps_o he_o will_v be_v trouble_v to_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o he_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n for_o we_o shall_v easy_o grant_v he_o that_o it_o be_v indeed_o contrary_a to_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o vulgar_a but_o not_o contrary_a to_o the_o experience_n of_o philosopher_n or_o rather_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o against_o experience_n since_o there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o in_o it_o for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v thing_n which_o few_o person_n have_v exact_o consider_v and_o as_o he_o speak_v in_o one_o place_n very_o judicious_o book_n which_o have_v treat_v thereof_o furnish_v so_o little_a help_n for_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o these_o kind_n of_o action_n that_o he_o can_v believe_v that_o any_o philosopher_n have_v deighn_v serious_o to_o think_v thereon_o if_o this_o be_v so_o how_o can_v any_o experience_n have_v be_v make_v hereof_o and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o experience_n thereof_o how_o can_v iâ—_n be_v against_o experience_n but_o i_o will_v not_o amuse_v myself_o to_o maintain_v thing_n which_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v in_o two_o word_n i_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a the_o imagination_n shall_v here_o make_v so_o many_o ratiocination_n as_o it_o figure_v to_o itself_o or_o at_o least_o as_o he_o figure_v to_o himself_o let_v it_o suffice_v that_o common_o she_o make_v a_o perfect_a one_o for_o the_o principal_a action_n which_o be_v the_o last_o she_o propose_v to_o herself_o for_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o serve_v but_o as_o mean_n to_o arrive_v thereto_o the_o notion_n she_o have_v thereof_o be_v but_o as_o many_o consequence_n and_o shorten_a enthymema's_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o first_o conclusion_n such_o as_o those_o be_v which_o heat_n and_o precipitation_n
quality_n of_o a_o mean_a and_o of_o itself_o serve_v as_o a_o end_n to_o the_o mean_v deliberate_v on_o the_o second_o reason_n m.c._n produce_v be_v that_o we_o often_o find_v occasion_n to_o deliberate_v when_o the_o only_a mean_n be_v dangerous_a and_o difficult_a to_o execute_v i_o have_v often_o seek_v in_o what_o this_o reason_n be_v different_a from_o the_o former_a and_o how_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o i_o to_o divine_v it_o i_o at_o last_o stop_v at_o this_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o printer_n fault_n who_o have_v let_v pass_v a_o new_a example_n to_o confirm_v m._n c_n proposition_n for_o a_o second_o reason_n he_o shall_v therefore_o have_v a_o care_n that_o so_o considerable_a a_o error_n in_o judgement_n may_v not_o be_v find_v in_o the_o next_o edition_n in_o the_o interim_n i_o have_v nothing_o to_o answer_v on_o this_o example_n but_o what_o i_o have_v say_v for_o the_o rest_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o attain_v a_o end_n but_o what_o appear_v difficult_a and_o dangerous_a if_o we_o must_v make_v use_n of_o it_o we_o do_v not_o deliberate_v we_o may_v reason_v on_o the_o difficulty_n and_o on_o other_o circumstance_n which_o accompany_v it_o but_o that_o be_v no_o deliberation_n unless_o on_o will_v seek_v mean_n to_o take_v away_o the_o difficulty_n and_o the_o danger_n in_o which_o case_n what_o be_v difficult_a and_o dangerous_a will_v in_o that_o respect_n pass_v for_o the_o end_n and_o no_o more_o as_o the_o mean_n in_o pursuit_n of_o this_o example_n here_o be_v what_o m.c._n add_v pag._n 113._o but_o when_o the_o connexion_n of_o a_o mean_n to_o a_o end_n be_v evident_a etc._n etc._n we_o fall_v to_o it_o without_o reason_v that_o be_v to_o say_v without_o consult_v whereupon_o i_o may_v say_v first_o that_o the_o but_o which_o begin_v this_o discourse_n be_v but_o a_o adversative_a particle_n as_o the_o grammarian_n say_v and_o which_o import_v a_o sense_n contrary_a to_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n be_v not_o in_o its_o place_n and_o produce_v not_o here_o the_o effect_n it_o ought_v because_o the_o difficulty_n and_o the_o danger_n which_o be_v find_v in_o a_o mean_n hinder_v not_o the_o connexion_n of_o that_o mean_n with_o its_o end_n from_o be_v certain_a and_o evident_a but_o as_o i_o will_v not_o make_v punctilio_n upon_o word_n in_o imitation_n of_o m._n c._n the_o thing_n he_o propose_v furnish_v matter_n enough_o without_o inquire_v into_o his_o manner_n of_o speak_v i_o answer_v that_o when_o the_o connexion_n of_o a_o mean_n and_o its_o end_n have_v all_o the_o condition_n he_o allege_v it_o carry_v one_o to_o it_o without_o consult_v so_o as_o it_o be_v a_o only_a mean_n for_o if_o there_o be_v divers_a who_o connexion_n be_v such_o as_o he_o say_v as_o it_o may_v often_o happen_v there_o will_v be_v a_o way_n to_o deliberate_v which_o be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o evidence_n of_o the_o connexion_n will_v not_o hinder_v the_o deliberation_n so_o that_o the_o reason_n for_o which_o we_o consult_v not_o in_o the_o action_n propose_v by_o m._n c._n happen_v not_o from_o this_o evidence_n but_o from_o that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o way_n to_o attain_v the_o end_n and_o that_o there_o must_v be_v divers_a other_o to_o give_v we_o cause_n to_o deliberate_v so_o there_o be_v a_o great_a likelihood_n that_o m._n c._n be_v fall_v into_o this_o sophism_n a_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la but_o say_v he_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o reason_n on_o a_o thing_n who_o conclusion_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o more_o conformable_a to_o our_o appetite_n then_o the_o proposition_n you_o may_v draw_v from_o thence_o to_o what_o end_n be_v it_o by_o a_o middle_a to_o join_v a_o end_n and_o a_o mean_a who_o sequel_n be_v immediate_a and_o evident_a there_o be_v here_o many_o thing_n to_o be_v say_v 1._o if_o he_o take_v the_o word_n of_o reason_v for_o deliberate_v as_o he_o late_o do_v the_o consequence_n he_o dedu_v be_v vain_a for_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v already_o give_v and_o if_o he_o take_v it_o in_o general_a for_o all_o kind_n of_o discourse_n he_o change_v the_o hypothesis_n and_o from_o deliberation_n he_o make_v we_o pass_v to_o simple_a ratiocination_n however_o it_o be_v if_o he_o understand_v it_o in_o this_o latter_a way_n let_v he_o if_o he_o please_v remember_v how_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o mean_n enter_v into_o ratiocination_n for_o they_o only_o common_o pass_v for_o enthymema's_n shorten_v and_o new_a consequence_n add_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o ratiocination_n which_o we_o make_v for_o a_o principal_a action_n he_o may_v well_o see_v that_o the_o application_n of_o the_o mean_n to_o its_o end_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a nor_o so_o conformable_a to_o our_o appetite_n as_o the_o proposition_n be_v whence_o it_o be_v infer_v for_o the_o design_n to_o obtain_v the_o good_a wherein_o the_o end_n consist_v be_v the_o principle_n whence_o the_o necessity_n be_v draw_v to_o employ_v the_o mean_n for_o its_o search_n now_o the_o end_n be_v natural_o better_a know_v and_o more_o conformable_a to_o the_o appetite_n than_o the_o mean_n because_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o enter_v knowledge_n before_o they_o on_o the_o contrary_a m.c._n imagine_v that_o the_o ratiocination_n which_o we_o put_v in_o practice_n of_o mean_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o connexion_n they_o have_v with_o the_o end_n without_o consider_v that_o this_o connexion_n make_v but_o one_o part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principle_n whence_o the_o practical_a judgement_n be_v draw_v which_o be_v the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o ratiocination_n thus_o when_o we_o know_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v good_a and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o such_o mean_n we_o conclude_v that_o we_o must_v make_v use_n of_o such_o mean_n to_o do_v it_o and_o this_o conclusion_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o connexion_n of_o mean_n with_o the_o end_n which_o be_v comprise_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o the_o syllogism_n let_v not_o m._n c._n then_o ask_v we_o any_o more_o to_o what_o purpose_n it_o be_v to_o join_v by_o a_o middle_a the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n who_o sequel_n be_v immediate_a and_o evident_a for_o we_o seek_v no_o a_o middle_a to_o join_v they_o together_o but_o to_o join_v they_o with_o operation_n and_o the_o connexion_n which_o be_v betwixt_o they_o be_v the_o middle_a by_o which_o we_o infer_v that_o we_o must_v use_v that_o mean_n to_o arrive_v at_o that_o end_n but_o beside_o he_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o mean_n which_o we_o use_v be_v know_v by_o the_o experience_n which_o we_o have_v former_o have_v of_o they_o and_o that_o in_o that_o case_n we_o make_v the_o same_o ratiocination_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v from_o instruction_n and_o from_o custom_n for_o we_o must_v unite_v the_o image_n of_o the_o thing_n present_v which_o we_o will_v use_v to_o attain_v the_o end_n with_o the_o image_n of_o that_o we_o have_v make_v experience_n of_o and_o thence_o afterward_o draw_v a_o consequence_n for_o the_o future_a whether_o ratiocination_n be_v only_o to_o clear_v doubtful_a thing_n at_o last_o m._n c._n suppose_v page_n 113._o 118_o that_o we_o can_v reason_v but_o on_o thing_n where_o there_o be_v doubt_n and_o obscurity_n and_o that_o in_o those_o which_o be_v evident_a by_o themselves_o or_o by_o the_o sense_n there_o be_v no_o ratiocination_n to_o be_v make_v i_o know_v he_o be_v not_o the_o only_a man_n of_o this_o opinion_n and_o if_o we_o be_v to_o follow_v the_o plurality_n of_o vote_n he_o will_v have_v a_o great_a advantage_n over_o we_o who_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a party_n but_o beside_o that_o in_o these_o matter_n the_o weight_n and_o force_n of_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v unto_o the_o number_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o person_n m._n c._n shall_v bear_v i_o witness_v that_o those_o philosopher_n who_o have_v treat_v of_o it_o give_v we_o so_o little_a knowledge_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o any_o of_o they_o daign_v serious_o to_o consider_v it_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o can_v never_o prevail_v with_o the_o multitude_n which_o greaten_v the_o party_n and_o neither_o he_o nor_o i_o ought_v to_o be_v overtake_v by_o those_o prejudicate_a opinion_n which_o have_v be_v receive_v without_o have_v be_v serious_o examine_v that_o we_o may_v not_o therefore_o fall_v into_o that_o neglect_n which_o he_o have_v just_o tax_v and_o not_o suffer_v ourselves_o to_o be_v preoccupy_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o other_o man_n we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o source_n of_o thing_n and_o see_v in_o the_o nature_n itself_o of_o ratiocination_n to_o what_o use_v it_o may_v have_v be_v destine_v
they_o conclusion_n according_a to_o my_o pleasure_n shall_v he_o i_o say_v have_v here_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n he_o will_v have_v be_v more_o excusable_a to_o have_v ill_o prove_v what_o he_o shall_v have_v prove_v as_o not_o to_o have_v know_v what_o he_o shall_v have_v prove_v for_o the_o first_o there_o be_v only_a want_n of_o sufficiency_n but_o for_o the_o latter_a there_o be_v want_n of_o judgement_n beast_n know_v the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n i_o shall_v here_o finish_v this_o long_a examen_fw-la be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o what_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v to_o the_o purpose_n to_o show_v that_o beast_n know_v the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o attain_v it_o i_o have_v therefore_o make_v one_o article_n apart_o for_o it_o in_o my_o first_o discourse_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o animal_n in_o pursuit_n of_o a_o objection_n whereby_o we_o will_v prove_v that_o if_o the_o instinct_n be_v enlighten_v by_o reason_n how_o small_a soever_o it_o be_v beast_n will_v know_v wherefore_o they_o operate_v and_o although_o the_o answer_n we_o give_v belong_v to_o instinct_n what_o we_o have_v add_v to_o the_o end_n respect_v the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n in_o general_a wherefore_o in_o fine_a to_o examine_v it_o here_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o difficulty_n leave_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n i_o have_v therefore_o say_v that_o no_o body_n have_v yet_o doubt_v but_o that_o beast_n know_v the_o principal_a end_n for_o which_o they_o operate_v for_o even_o those_o who_o will_v take_v away_o reason_n from_o they_o have_v not_o deprive_v they_o of_o that_o advantage_n and_o be_v constrain_v to_o confess_v that_o as_o all_o thing_n tend_v to_o their_o end_n those_o that_o be_v insensible_a be_v bear_v to_o it_o without_o know_v it_o but_o that_o beast_n have_v the_o knowledge_n thereof_o although_o it_o be_v not_o so_o perfect_a as_o that_o of_o man_n and_o certain_o they_o know_v what_o be_v good_a and_o profitable_a for_o they_o and_o consequent_o they_o have_v a_o knowledge_n of_o their_o end_n since_o the_o good_a and_o the_o end_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o thing_n it_o be_v true_a that_o they_o can_v know_v but_o under_o particular_a reason_n and_o that_o they_o never_o form_v general_a notion_n as_o man_n do_v but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o they_o know_v the_o end_n they_o tend_v to_o and_o consequent_o they_o also_o know_v the_o mean_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o attain_v it_o for_o it_o be_v needless_a they_o shall_v know_v the_o end_n be_v they_o ignorant_a of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v to_o obtain_v it_o in_o effect_n we_o can_v doubt_v but_o the_o dog_n know_v the_o hare_n as_o the_o prey_n which_o he_o will_v take_v and_o that_o when_o he_o run_v after_o it_o and_o use_v so_o many_o endeavour_n and_o so_o many_o slight_n to_o catch_v it_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o he_o know_v they_o be_v mean_v he_o must_v use_v to_o attain_v that_o end_n who_o ever_o will_v consider_v the_o artifice_n our_o domestic_a linet_n use_v when_o their_o meat_n and_o drink_n be_v hang_v in_o two_o little_a bucket_n and_o when_o they_o will_v get_v they_o near_o they_o draw_v the_o cord_n which_o hold_v they_o and_o with_o their_o foot_n hold_v they_o whilst_o they_o continue_v to_o use_v their_o bill_n he_o will_v without_o doubt_n be_v constrain_v to_o confess_v that_o they_o do_v all_o this_o with_o knowledge_n that_o they_o know_v the_o thing_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v first_o in_o a_o word_n that_o they_o ordain_v the_o mean_n which_o they_o judge_v necessary_a to_o obtain_v the_o end_n propose_v why_o shall_v they_o not_o have_v that_o power_n since_o they_o have_v as_o we_o have_v show_v the_o faculty_n of_o reason_v to_o which_o it_o belong_v to_o put_v thing_n in_o order_n to_o compare_v they_o together_o and_o to_o destine_v they_o to_o what_o use_v we_o please_v to_o all_o which_o m._n c._n first_o oppose_v that_o he_o be_v of_o aristotle_n opinion_n and_o of_o those_o who_o follow_v he_o who_o will_v have_v it_o that_o beast_n sometime_o have_v not_o more_o knowledge_n of_o the_o end_n whereto_o instinct_n lead_v they_o than_o his_o pen_n have_v of_o his_o writing_n and_o that_o in_o other_o occasion_n they_o know_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v their_o end_n but_o that_o they_o know_v it_o not_o as_o the_o end_n nor_o as_o a_o cause_n of_o those_o mean_n which_o they_o employ_v to_o obtain_v it_o but_o without_o touch_v what_o respect_v instinct_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o speak_v i_o shall_v advise_v m.c._n before_o he_o go_v on_o further_o on_o this_o subject_n that_o he_o will_v bring_v aristotle_n in_o play_n for_o beside_o that_o he_o be_v a_o testy_a author_n who_o will_v not_o be_v produce_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n and_o who_o discover_v but_o to_o few_o the_o secret_n of_o his_o doctrine_n he_o have_v already_o so_o ill_o succeed_v in_o report_v his_o opinion_n that_o 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the_o thing_n be_v good_a and_o useful_a to_o they_o they_o bear_v their_o desire_n unto_o it_o and_o do_v all_o what_o they_o can_v to_o obtain_v they_o now_o if_o the_o end_n be_v the_o same_o why_o or_o to_o speak_v better_a for_o love_n of_o which_o we_o act_n and_o that_o beast_n operate_v but_o for_o the_o love_n of_o the_o good_a they_o find_v in_o the_o thing_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o in_o know_v this_o good_a and_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o obtain_n of_o it_o they_o shall_v also_o know_v the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n so_o the_o dog_n know_v not_o only_o the_o prey_n when_o he_o see_v it_o but_o he_o also_o know_v that_o it_o be_v good_a otherwise_o he_o will_v not_o desire_v it_o he_o also_o know_v he_o must_v run_v after_o it_o to_o catch_v it_o otherwise_o he_o will_v not_o run_v and_o consequent_o he_o know_v the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n since_o he_o know_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o prey_n and_o that_o for_o that_o be_v sake_n he_o ought_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o course_n and_o those_o subtlety_n he_o know_v to_o catch_v it_o these_o truth_n seem_v of_o themselves_o so_o clear_a to_o i_o that_o i_o wonder_v m._n c._n shall_v reprehend_v i_o when_o i_o say_v that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v and_o that_o he_o insist_o so_o strong_o to_o demand_v of_o i_o a_o proof_n thereof_o i_o shall_v pardon_v he_o have_v he_o have_v no_o tincture_n of_o philosophy_n or_o have_v he_o not_o have_v common_a sense_n for_o there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o evidence_n of_o these_o proposition_n but_o say_v he_o beast_n know_v what_o be_v good_a and_o useful_a for_o they_o without_o know_v that_o it_o be_v useful_a this_o proposition_n be_v false_a in_o one_o sense_n and_o in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n in_o the_o term_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o for_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o beast_n know_v the_o thing_n without_o know_v it_o to_o be_v good_a and_o useful_a this_o be_v absolute_o false_a it_o be_v necessary_a it_o shall_v appear_v good_a unto_o it_o since_o they_o desire_v it_o and_o pursue_v it_o even_o as_o that_o for_o which_o they_o have_v a_o aversion_n and_o which_o they_o fly_v aught_o to_o seem_v ill_a and_o hurtful_a to_o they_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o appetite_n which_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o these_o motion_n can_v be_v move_v but_o by_o what_o appear_v good_a or_o ill_a to_o the_o animal_n in_o effect_n since_o a_o good_a thing_n may_v sometime_o be_v please_v and_o sometime_o offensive_a to_o they_o and_o that_o a_o dog_n at_o one_o time_n fly_v his_o master_n who_o before_o he_o caress_v the_o same_o object_n must_v be_v consider_v two_o different_a way_n
have_v so_o free_o grant_v that_o beside_o contemplation_n and_o deliberation_n beast_n may_v do_v all_o what_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n can_v do_v he_o will_v also_o then_o confess_v with_o the_o same_o ingenuity_n that_o they_o perfect_o reason_n after_o we_o have_v show_v he_o that_o man_n may_v perfect_o reason_n without_o any_o contemplation_n or_o deliberation_n for_o although_o hitherto_o he_o have_v have_v cause_n to_o rest_v in_o those_o vulgar_a opinion_n which_o have_v not_o precise_o observe_v wherein_o the_o nature_n of_o discourse_n consist_v and_o which_o have_v not_o consider_v it_o but_o in_o the_o condition_n and_o in_o the_o quality_n which_o be_v nothing_o essential_a to_o it_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o have_v acknowledge_v the_o error_n in_o which_o they_o be_v he_o will_v now_o forsake_v they_o and_o join_v with_o i_o to_o make_v a_o more_o ample_a discovery_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o i_o have_v encounter_v and_o to_o give_v the_o last_o touch_v to_o perfect_v what_o perhaps_o i_o have_v only_a dead-coloured_n yes_o without_o doubt_n if_o he_o approve_v that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o ratiocination_n consist_v in_o this_o circular_a revolution_n which_o the_o soul_n make_v on_o these_o image_n and_o that_o the_o syllogism_n be_v not_o form_v but_o by_o the_o return_n she_o make_v on_o these_o first_o notion_n to_o join_v they_o with_o the_o latter_a perhaps_o he_o will_v also_o consent_v not_o only_o that_o to_o reason_n she_o need_v neither_o deliberate_a nor_o meditate_v and_o that_o in_o this_o knowledge_n she_o may_v be_v the_o sense_n slave_n and_o suffer_v herself_o to_o be_v force_v and_o necessitate_v to_o the_o first_o mean_n which_o present_v itself_o but_o likewise_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o action_n which_o surpass_v the_o force_n of_o the_o imagination_n and_o that_o consequent_o child_n and_o animal_n may_v perfect_o reason_n if_o he_o look_v on_o the_o perfection_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o ratiocination_n and_o not_o to_o that_o which_o be_v strange_a and_o accidental_a for_o if_o there_o be_v perfect_a reason_n to_o be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o soul_n make_v no_o abstraction_n or_o reflection_n no_o universal_a notion_n nor_o any_o deliberation_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o expositive_a syllogism_n all_o these_o condition_n of_o necessity_n must_v not_o be_v essential_a to_o discourse_v and_o that_o that_o which_o be_v make_v in_o thing_n pure_o simple_a wherein_o not_o one_o of_o these_o circumstance_n meet_v must_v to_o speak_v proper_o and_o exact_o be_v a_o perfect_a ratiocination_n but_o we_o must_v give_v time_n to_o m._n c._n to_o resolve_v hereupon_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v we_o see_v what_o he_o object_n against_o the_o language_n of_o beast_n chap._n iii_o the_o three_o objection_n of_o the_o language_n of_o beast_n if_o beast_n do_v reason_n they_o will_v reason_v not_o only_o together_o but_o even_o also_o with_o man_n they_o will_v speak_v with_o one_o another_o and_o if_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o speech_n they_o will_v at_o least_o fancy_n to_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o dumb_a person_n some_o sign_n and_o significative_a gesture_n to_o make_v themselves_o understand_v so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o they_o want_v reason_n since_o they_o can_v perform_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n and_o natural_a sequels_fw-fr of_o ratiocination_n but_o those_o who_o make_v this_o objection_n do_v not_o heed_n that_o they_o lend_v we_o arm_n to_o combat_v they_o and_o that_o if_o we_o come_v to_o show_v that_o all_o these_o action_n be_v common_a and_o ordinary_a to_o beast_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n confess_v that_o they_o have_v reason_n since_o they_o be_v as_o they_o say_v the_o effect_n and_o natural_a consequence_n of_o ratiocination_n now_o all_o the_o world_n agree_v that_o they_o communicate_v their_o thought_n and_o without_o consult_v the_o book_n of_o the_o learned_a every_o man_n of_o himself_o may_v make_v proof_n of_o this_o truth_n for_o a_o man_n must_v be_v extreme_o stupid_a not_o to_o observe_v that_o all_o beast_n which_o have_v the_o use_n of_o voice_n use_v it_o to_o make_v their_o desire_n know_v and_o that_o they_o have_v cry_n and_o different_a accent_n according_a as_o the_o several_a design_n which_o pleasure_n or_o grief_n hope_v or_o fear_v inspire_v in_o they_o do_v they_o not_o intercal_a themselves_o when_o they_o be_v in_o love_n when_o they_o want_v help_v when_o they_o have_v find_v any_o food_n which_o they_o may_v impart_v to_o other_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o a_o sparrow_n come_v to_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v much_o corn_n he_o will_v call_v the_o rest_n unto_o it_o and_o that_o a_o wolf_n have_v find_v a_o carrion_n will_v bring_v his_o companion_n to_o it_o some_o even_o say_v that_o either_o of_o they_o diversify_v its_o voice_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o encounter_v and_o that_o that_o mark_n by_o a_o particular_a accent_n whether_o it_o be_v wheat_n barley_n or_o buck_n which_o they_o have_v find_v and_o this_o have_v its_o different_a roar_n when_o it_o be_v the_o carrion_n of_o a_o horse_n or_o when_o it_o be_v that_o of_o a_o ass_n but_o without_o examine_v the_o truth_n of_o so_o curious_a a_o observation_n can_v we_o observe_v a_o dog_n shut_v up_o in_o any_o place_n present_o begin_v to_o make_v long_o sigh_n and_o afterward_o change_v they_o into_o redouble_a barking_n and_o last_o of_o all_o howl_n out_o till_o he_o be_v out_o of_o breath_n without_o fancy_v that_o he_o will_v make_v it_o appear_v by_o these_o different_a cry_v the_o several_a passion_n which_o his_o captivity_n cause_v he_o and_o whoever_o perceive_v little_a chicken_n fly_v and_o hide_v themselves_o at_o the_o instant_n when_o they_o hear_v the_o hen_n cry_v and_o afterward_o return_v again_o under_o her_o wing_n when_o she_o use_v another_o follow_v and_o run_v to_o feed_v according_a as_o she_o diversify_v her_o voice_n will_v doubtless_o judge_v that_o there_o be_v a_o communication_n of_o thought_n among_o they_o and_o some_o kind_n of_o language_n whereby_o they_o make_v themselves_o understand_v one_o another_o and_o certain_o whoever_o observe_v that_o of_o all_o bird_n will_v make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o believe_v that_o tiresias_n melampus_n and_o apollonius_n have_v former_o understand_v it_o and_o if_o that_o any_o man_n will_v apply_v himself_o unto_o it_o he_o may_v yet_o learn_v it_o and_o that_o its_o even_o easy_a by_o imitate_v it_o to_o entertain_v one_o self_n with_o they_o since_o in_o some_o manner_n we_o daily_o do_v it_o when_o we_o take_v they_o by_o the_o whistle_n and_o that_o we_o bring_v they_o whether_o we_o please_v by_o counterfeit_v their_o voice_n and_o accent_n but_o it_o be_v not_o only_o by_o voice_n that_o beast_n make_v themselves_o understand_v the_o look_v the_o mind_n and_o the_o gesture_n also_o serve_v they_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n they_o know_v as_o well_o in_o one_o the_o other_o eye_n the_o passion_n they_o have_v and_o a_o dog_n will_v see_v in_o the_o forehead_n of_o a_o mastiff_n whether_o he_o may_v with_o security_n approach_v he_o and_o whether_o he_o be_v in_o sportful_a humour_n do_v he_o not_o threaten_v when_o he_o show_v his_o tooth_n when_o his_o hair_n stand_v a_o end_n and_o when_o he_o look_v through_o he_o who_o assault_v he_o in_o fine_a all_o his_o corvet_n and_o his_o carress_a posture_n all_o the_o flatter_a motion_n of_o his_o tail_n and_o ear_n which_o he_o make_v when_o he_o accost_v his_o master_n be_v but_o so_o many_o sign_n and_o very_o significative_a gesture_n of_o the_o desire_n he_o have_v to_o please_v he_o now_o if_o beast_n communicate_v their_o thought_n together_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v entertain_v one_o the_o other_o and_o even_o they_o must_v reason_v together_o and_o that_o the_o discourse_n must_v enter_v their_o thought_n as_o we_o have_v declare_v and_o have_v we_o bring_v no_o proof_n of_o this_o truth_n we_o can_v not_o conceive_v that_o they_o make_v their_o intention_n know_v to_o give_v or_o ask_v help_n to_z or_o from_o one_o another_o but_o we_o must_v believe_v that_o they_o form_n a_o perfect_a ratiocination_n for_o there_o be_v so_o many_o judgement_n to_o be_v make_v in_o these_o encounter_n so_o many_o consequence_n to_o be_v deduce_v so_o many_o progress_v which_o the_o soul_n make_v from_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n from_o sign_n to_o thing_n signify_v and_o from_o good_n and_o ill_n present_v to_o those_o which_o be_v past_a and_o to_o come_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o we_o must_v find_v the_o form_n and_o contexture_n of_o discourse_n i_o will_v willing_o ask_v our_o adversary_n if_o when_o a_o hen_n have_v find_v some_o grain_n call_v her_o chicken_n to_o impart_v it_o to_o
their_o intention_n all_o this_o i_o say_v be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v or_o the_o superior_a and_o intellectual_a reason_n and_o do_v not_o include_v that_o which_o the_o imagination_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o form_n in_o these_o encounter_n wherefore_o all_o the_o consequence_n he_o draw_v from_o thence_o &_o which_o he_o apply_v to_o the_o action_n of_o beast_n be_v vain_a and_o concern_v not_o the_o difficulty_n in_o hand_n i_o leave_v what_o he_o say_v pag._n 173._o that_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n that_o beast_n shall_v not_o move_v themselves_o unless_o by_o the_o force_n of_o syllogism_n and_o before_o they_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o a_o voice_n they_o must_v make_v at_o least_o twenty_o five_o ratiocination_n for_o beside_o that_o his_o calculation_n be_v not_o very_o just_a we_o have_v answer_v to_o these_o kind_n of_o objection_n in_o several_a place_n of_o this_o work_n and_o principal_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o three_o part._n and_o as_o for_o what_o he_o maintain_v that_o there_o follow_v no_o inconvenience_n to_o say_v that_o this_o mutual_a intelligence_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o species_n proceed_v altogether_o from_o the_o instinct_n we_o consent_v thereunto_o so_o as_o he_o will_v but_o be_v better_o instruct_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o instinct_n than_o he_o be_v and_o remember_v himself_o of_o what_o we_o late_o say_v that_o instinct_n hinder_v not_o but_o that_o action_n may_v be_v do_v with_o knowledge_n and_o that_o the_o animal_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a and_o immediate_a cause_n thereof_o let_v we_o conclude_v with_o that_o fair_a observation_n m.c._n have_v make_v p._n 173._o upon_o what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o he_o that_o shall_v well_o mind_v the_o language_n of_o bird_n will_v make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o believe_v that_o tiresias_n melampus_n and_o apollonius_n have_v former_o understand_v it_o for_o he_o have_v unlinked_a this_o observation_n out_o of_o its_o place_n that_o he_o may_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o make_v on_o it_o the_o long_o a_o censure_n and_o have_v place_v it_o at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o chapter_n as_o a_o morrer-peece_n of_o his_o munition_n and_o of_o his_o address_n and_o true_o i_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v not_o ignorant_a in_o fable_n and_o that_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o adventure_n of_o tiresias_n and_o the_o genealogy_n of_o melampus_n and_o i_o also_o profess_v he_o make_v as_o ill_a use_n of_o the_o artifice_n of_o a_o orator_n who_o seek_v to_o render_v odious_a or_o ridiculous_a what_o be_v propose_v by_o his_o adversary_n for_o who_o be_v there_o who_o know_v that_o i_o speak_v of_o tiresias_n and_o melampus_n which_o be_v name_n only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o fable_n as_o m._n c._n assure_v we_o will_v not_o with_o he_o say_v that_o a_o cause_n have_v very_o great_a need_n of_o help_n when_o it_o make_v use_v of_o such_o base_a authority_n but_o to_o defend_v myself_o from_o his_o artifice_n and_o to_o disabuse_v those_o he_o may_v have_v persuade_v i_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o say_v but_o that_o although_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o tiresias_n of_o melampus_n and_o apollonius_n i_o have_v not_o make_v use_n of_o their_o authority_n neither_o do_v i_o assure_v that_o what_o be_v speak_v of_o they_o be_v false_a or_o true_a it_o be_v also_o a_o thing_n which_o to_o i_o aught_o to_o be_v indifferent_a and_o whatever_o it_o be_v i_o may_v reasonable_o say_v that_o who_o will_v well_o observe_v the_o language_n of_o bird_n will_v make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v former_o understand_v it_o there_o be_v but_o few_o thing_n in_o fable_n whence_o as_o much_o may_v not_o be_v say_v when_o a_o truth_n be_v discover_v which_o have_v relation_n to_o it_o why_o may_v we_o not_o say_v after_o the_o experience_n we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o time_n some_o girl_n that_o have_v change_v sex_n that_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o believe_v what_o the_o poet_n have_v relate_v of_o iphis_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o name_n to_o be_v find_v only_o in_o the_o fable_n no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o tiresias_n and_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o in_o this_o encounter_n we_o use_v the_o authority_n of_o poet_n and_o the_o example_n of_o iphis_n to_o prove_v that_o this_o change_n may_v be_v do_v natural_o since_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v the_o experience_n we_o bring_v which_o give_v a_o likelihood_n to_o what_o they_o have_v say_v so_o far_o from_o it_o be_v from_o it_o that_o my_o cause_n shall_v need_v so_o idle_a a_o authority_n and_o the_o example_n of_o tiresias_n and_o melampus_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o poet_n that_o its_o that_o which_o authorise_v they_o and_o which_o of_o fabulous_a which_o they_o be_v render_v they_o credible_a and_o any_o equitable_a person_n may_v judge_v that_o its_o a_o consequence_n which_o i_o draw_v from_o the_o truth_n which_o i_o have_v establish_v and_o not_o as_o m._n c._n say_v that_o its_o a_o proof_n and_o a_o authority_n with_o which_o i_o will_v maintain_v they_o this_o be_v all_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o the_o three_o objection_n which_o be_v make_v against_o the_o reason_n of_o animal_n there_o remain_v yet_o one_o of_o the_o instinct_n which_o shall_v terminate_v this_o discourse_n but_o indeed_o it_o deserve_v a_o entire_a volume_n and_o there_o be_v so_o many_o thing_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o there_o be_v so_o many_o thing_n which_o rob_v i_o of_o the_o time_n i_o need_v that_o be_v not_o able_a so_o ready_o to_o put_v my_o last_o hand_n to_o it_o i_o think_v that_o m_o c._n might_n no_o long_o languish_v in_o the_o expectation_n he_o have_v i_o ought_v to_o divide_v my_o answer_n and_o give_v he_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o raciotination_n of_o beast_n till_o i_o can_v end_v that_o of_o the_o instinct_n and_o indeed_o have_v it_o be_v ready_a it_o will_v have_v trouble_v my_o conscience_n to_o have_v afflict_v m_o c._n with_o the_o sight_n of_o so_o great_a a_o volume_n nay_o even_o i_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o same_o apprehension_n to_o have_v keep_v off_o our_o judge_n by_o the_o length_n of_o our_o indifference_n and_o with_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o piece_n which_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v after_o all_o the_o retrenchment_n i_o make_v of_o that_o part_n of_o our_o contest_v will_n not_o wrong_v this_o which_o i_o now_o present_a for_o be_v it_o true_a that_o beast_n do_v not_o reason_n in_o those_o action_n which_o they_o do_v by_o instinct_n there_o be_v several_z other_o enough_o in_o which_o instinct_n have_v no_o share_n which_o evident_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o reason_n as_o those_o act_n which_o they_o do_v out_o of_o custom_n by_o instruction_n and_o general_o all_o those_o which_o they_o do_v with_o knowledge_n so_o the_o proof_n of_o their_o ratiocination_n remain_v all_o entire_a although_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o instinct_n and_o what_o ever_o may_v be_v say_v of_o it_o finis_fw-la