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because_o they_o hold_v not_o their_o land_n by_o such_o service_n but_o they_o be_v summon_v by_o proclamation_n and_o probable_o be_v muster_v by_o the_o high_a constable_n in_o each_o hundred_o the_o law_n nevertheless_o remain_v still_o entire_a that_o all_o must_v be_v do_v not_o only_o add_v fidem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la but_o also_o regni_n which_o be_v dispute_v and_o conclude_v by_o the_o sword_n for_o though_o king_n pretend_a danger_n to_o the_o public_a often_o time_n to_o raise_v the_o people_n yet_o the_o people_n will_v give_v credit_n as_o they_o please_v or_o if_o the_o king_n title_n be_v in_o question_n or_o the_o people_n liberty_n yet_o every_o man_n take_v liberty_n to_o side_n with_o that_o party_n that_o like_v he_o best_o nor_o do_v the_o king_n proclamation_n sway_v much_o this_o or_o that_o way_n it_o be_v true_a that_o precedent_n of_o those_o time_n cry_v up_o the_o king_n power_n of_o array_v all_o ship_n and_o man_n without_o respect_n unless_o 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thereunto_o three_o it_o seem_v that_o general_n array_v be_v not_o levy_v by_o distress_n till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o 5._o 23_o e._n 1._o memb._n 5._o and_o then_o only_o for_o the_o rendezvouz_n at_o the_o next_o sea_n coast_n and_o for_o defence_n against_o foreign_a invasion_n in_o which_o case_n all_o subject_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v concern_v by_o general_a service_n otherwise_o it_o can_v come_v unto_o no_o other_o account_n then_o that_o title_n prerogative_n and_o therein_o be_v character_v as_o a_o trick_n above_o the_o ordinary_a strain_n four_o those_o time_n bring_v forth_o no_o general_a array_n of_o all_o person_n between_o the_o age_n of_o sixteen_o year_n and_o sixty_o that_o be_v make_v by_o distress_n in_o any_o case_n of_o civil_a war_n but_o only_o by_o sheriff_n summons_n and_o in_o case_n of_o disobedience_n by_o summons_n to_o appear_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n which_o show_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n they_o be_v 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conquest_n be_v the_o clergy_n a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o day_n when_o as_o in_o every_o nation_n they_o grow_v checkmate_v and_o in_o this_o kingdom_n have_v well_o nigh_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o knight_n fee_n and_o thereby_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o conscience_n of_o they_o all_o and_o for_o a_o reserve_v they_o have_v the_o pope_n in_o the_o rear_n who_o power_n in_o every_o kingdom_n be_v little_a inferior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o king_n own_o and_o therefore_o sufficient_a to_o stop_v a_o absolute_a conquest_n unless_o it_o be_v first_o conquer_v but_o the_o king_n come_v in_o upon_o great_a disadvantage_n in_o both_o these_o regard_n for_o whereas_o his_o pretence_n upon_o his_o entery_n be_v to_o advance_v justice_n principal_o towards_o the_o clergy_n who_o former_o be_v wrong_v by_o harold_n or_o voice_v so_o to_o be_v this_o bind_v he_o from_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n and_o 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512._o ingulsus_n 512._o of_o those_o likewse_n that_o be_v resolute_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o that_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n who_o otherwise_o may_v under_o pretence_n of_o treachery_n have_v forfeit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o rapacious_a humour_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o this_o be_v not_o do_v only_o by_o valour_n for_o normandy_n stand_v in_o a_o totter_a condition_n with_o their_o duke_n partly_o draw_v away_o by_o the_o french_a that_o fear_v the_o duke_n will_v be_v too_o strong_a for_o they_o and_o partly_o decline_v their_o own_o further_a aid_n lest_o their_o duke_n shall_v be_v too_o great_a for_o the_o duchy_n it_o be_v therefore_o wisdom_n in_o the_o conqueror_n to_o settle_v the_o english_a affair_n in_o the_o fair_a way_n to_o gain_v they_o for_o himself_o who_o have_v be_v so_o brave_a against_o he_o but_o the_o great_a number_n especial_o of_o the_o commons_o look_v on_o while_n the_o game_n 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of_o the_o governor_n own_o person_n chap._n lvi_o a_o brief_a survey_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o writer_n concern_v the_o point_n of_o conquest_n the_o clamour_n in_o story_n that_o the_o conqueror_n alter_v and_o make_v law_n at_o pleasure_n bring_v in_o new_a custom_n molest_v the_o person_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o people_n with_o depopulation_n extortion_n and_o oppression_n and_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n have_v make_v latter_a time_n to_o conclude_v his_o government_n to_o be_v as_o of_o a_o conqueror_n mere_o arbitrary_a and_o that_o he_o do_v what_o he_o listen_v how_o different_a this_o conclusion_n be_v from_o the_o intent_n of_o those_o writer_n i_o know_v not_o but_o if_o the_o king_n title_n and_o government_n be_v as_o a_o conqueror_n than_o be_v his_o will_n the_o only_a law_n and_o can_v administer_v no_o cause_n of_o complaint_n of_o wrong_n and_o oppression_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o be_v take_v in_o nature_n of_o complaint_n they_o declare_v plain_o that_o 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premise_n be_v right_o consider_v and_o therefore_o though_o somewhat_o be_v true_a of_o the_o plunder_v of_o house_n of_o religion_n persecute_v of_o the_o english_a nobility_n depose_v of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n whereof_o they_o speak_v yet_o all_o may_v be_v deserve_o do_v in_o a_o legal_a way_n and_o in_o execution_n of_o justice_n whereof_o history_n be_v not_o altogether_o silent_a nevertheless_o if_o in_o the_o prosecution_n the_o king_n do_v show_v a_o kind_n of_o rage_n and_o some_o rashness_n it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o common_a infirmity_n of_o great_a man_n for_o as_o oppression_n upon_o those_o that_o be_v inferior_a make_v they_o mad_a so_o do_v treachery_n against_o they_o that_o be_v superior_a make_v they_o little_a other_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v overtake_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o passion_n in_o the_o instant_n or_o their_o mind_n wrap_v into_o a_o whirlpool_n of_o affair_n but_o the_o change_n of_o law_n make_v the_o great_a noise_n wherein_o what_o change_v they_o suffer_v may_v appear_v from_o the_o premise_n if_o writer_n have_v deal_v upright_o otherwise_o general_a imputation_n without_o particular_a instance_n will_v never_o sway_v opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o currant_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v publish_v especial_o see_v we_o have_v observe_v the_o error_n of_o the_o best_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n in_o call_v those_o thing_n new_a which_o be_v ancient_o use_v in_o england_n before_o normandy_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n of_o a_o state_n yet_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v grant_v and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o change_n of_o law_n as_o be_v pretend_v it_o make_v nothing_o to_o the_o point_n of_o conquest_n so_o long_o as_o the_o new_a law_n be_v make_v by_o advice_n of_o common_a council_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v establish_v to_o be_v
charter_n and_o other_o statute_n during_o the_o reign_v of_o these_o king_n shatter_v asunder_o by_o broil_n of_o civil_a war_n the_o free_a man_n have_v lay_v aside_o that_o regard_n of_o the_o ancient_a mutual_a covenant_n and_o bond_n of_o decenner_n be_v now_o become_v weak_a and_o almost_o enthral_v to_o the_o lust_n of_o king_n lord_n pope_n and_o english_a clergy_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o tax_n and_o tribute_n be_v many_o and_o new_a although_o most_o of_o they_o deserve_v not_o to_o march_v under_o any_o banner_n but_o the_o colour_n of_o oppression_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n save_o they_o from_o the_o worst_a tenure_n of_o all_o but_o the_o several_a interest_n of_o those_o superior_a power_n which_o oftentimes_o do_v justle_v with_o one_o another_o and_o thereby_o give_v the_o commons_o liberty_n to_o take_v breath_n so_o as_o though_o for_o the_o present_a they_o lose_v ground_n and_o hunt_v upon_o a_o cool_a send_v yet_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o prey_n within_o their_o view_n sometime_o they_o be_v cast_v far_o behind_o other_o time_n they_o recover_v themselves_o a_o truce_n be_v cry_v and_o law_n be_v make_v to_o moderate_v all_o and_o determine_v the_o bound_n of_o every_o one_o and_o thus_o come_v the_o grand_a charter_n into_o the_o public_a theatre_n the_o historian_n say_v it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o king_n john_n frame_v and_o yet_o by_o compare_v they_o together_o we_o find_v they_o disagree_v both_o in_o word_n and_o sense_n and_o therefore_o shall_v sum_v the_o same_o up_o as_o short_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o charter_n as_o i_o pass_v along_o the_o first_o chapter_n concern_v the_o church_n of_o which_o sufficient_a have_v be_v speak_v carta_fw-la mag._n carta_fw-la the_o free_a man_n shall_v enjoy_v these_o liberty_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o 2._o cap._n 2._o the_o heir_n in_o knightservice_n shall_v pay_v the_o ancient_a relief_n 3._o cap._n 3._o that_o relief_n be_v settle_v by_o the_o saxon_n have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o confirm_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o only_o in_o those_o time_n they_o be_v pay_v in_o horse_n arm_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o after_o time_n all_o be_v turn_v into_o money_n which_o be_v more_o beneficial_a for_o all_o 1_o cap._n 4._o vide_fw-la stat._n de_fw-fr wardis_n 28_o e._n 1_o lord_n shall_v have_v their_o ward_n body_n and_o land_n after_o homage_n receive_v until_o the_o full_a age_n though_o the_o ward_n be_v former_o knight_v 4._o glanvil_n lib_n 6._o cap._n 1._o &_o 4._o the_o law_n of_o wardship_n may_v seem_v more_o ancient_o seat_v in_o this_o kingdom_n than_o the_o norman_n time_n for_o if_o the_o statute_n of_o scotland_n bear_v any_o credit_n that_o law_n be_v in_o scotland_n before_o those_o time_n the_o lord_n be_v not_o to_o have_v the_o wardship_n before_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o tenure_n because_o it_o be_v they_o as_o a_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n concern_v distress_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o distrain_v till_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o service_n 7._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 6_o &_o 7._o and_o if_o by_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n the_o heir_n do_v hold_v the_o lord_n out_o of_o possession_n a_o writ_n of_o ward_n do_v lie_v against_o he_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o appear_v the_o lord_n may_v seize_v the_o land_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o wardship_n per_fw-la cause_n de_fw-fr guard_n 3._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 16._o &_o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 3._o and_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v hold_v the_o wardship_n long_o than_o the_o full_a age_n of_o the_o heir_n a_o assize_n do_v lie_v against_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o heir_n can_v not_o enter_v without_o livery_n but_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancestor_n death_n the_o lord_n can_v not_o enter_v the_o land_n and_o yet_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o relief_n and_o the_o primer_n seisin_n and_o if_o the_o heir_n enter_v the_o land_n before_o homage_n do_v he_o gain_v no_o free_a hold_n 13._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 13._o though_o he_o be_v knight_v before_o as_o this_o law_n provide_v for_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o these_o time_n of_o civil_a war_n bring_v forth_o a_o trick_n of_o knight_v betimes_o as_o a_o honourable_a encouragement_n for_o young_a spark_n to_o enter_v the_o field_n before_o they_o be_v complete_a man_n of_o discretion_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n and_o yet_o reason_n may_v induce_v a_o conceit_n that_o he_o that_o be_v think_v meet_a to_o do_v knight_n service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n may_v expect_v the_o maintenance_n fit_a for_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o person_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o service_n grantee_n or_o their_o assign_n or_o committee_n of_o wardship_n shall_v preserve_v the_o land_n etc._n etc._n from_o waste_n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o the_o tenant_n from_o extortion_n they_o shall_v yield_v up_o the_o same_o stock_v if_o they_o receive_v they_o stock_v 6._o cap._n 6._o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o law_n of_o common_a reason_n for_o its_o contrary_a to_o guardianship_n to_o destroy_v that_o which_o by_o their_o office_n they_o ought_v to_o preserve_v as_o touch_v the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n the_o grantee_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o also_o their_o assignee_n albeit_o that_o doubtless_o they_o be_v within_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n the_o matter_n declare_v plain_o not_o only_a the_o oppession_n of_o lord_n upon_o their_o ward_n but_o also_o the_o corruption_n even_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o at_o the_o first_o aim_v at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a and_o honour_n of_o knightservice_n but_o now_o be_v degenerate_v into_o the_o base_a desire_n of_o profit_n by_o make_v market_n of_o the_o ward_n estate_n and_o marriage_n that_o bring_v in_o strip_v and_o waste_v of_o estate_n and_o niggardly_a neglect_n of_o the_o education_n and_o train_n up_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o a_o embase_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o mankind_n and_o spoil_n of_o time_n nor_o do_v these_o time_n ever_o espy_v or_o provide_v against_o the_o worst_a of_o these_o but_o only_o endeavour_v to_o save_v the_o estate_n by_o punish_v the_o waster_n in_o damage_n by_o this_o law_n and_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o wardship_n by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o 5._o stat._n gloc._n cap._n 5._o and_o this_o as_o well_o for_o waste_v do_v during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o custody_n as_o in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o his_o ancestor_n by_o another_o law_n in_o edward_n the_o fir_v time_n 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr vasto_fw-la 20_o e._n 1._o and_o because_o the_o escheator_n and_o their_o under_a officer_n use_v to_o serve_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o minor_n before_o they_o certify_v to_o the_o king_n his_o right_n and_o those_o be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n of_o magna_n carta_n or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o repute_v 18._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 18._o it_o be_v therefore_o afterward_o provide_v that_o these_o also_o shall_v render_v damage_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o waist_n to_o be_v bring_v against_o they_o the_o marriage_n of_o ward_n shall_v be_v without_o disparagement_n 7._o cap._n 7._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n among_o the_o german_n and_o the_o saxon_n bring_v it_o hither_o germ._n tacitus_n mor._n germ._n and_o as_o a_o law_n settle_v it_o that_o marriage_n must_v be_v among_o equal_n but_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n slight_v it_o and_o yet_o it_o continue_v and_o be_v revive_v now_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o ward_n instead_o of_o the_o ancester_n so_o have_v he_o the_o care_n of_o the_o marriage_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o ancester_n may_v have_v have_v if_o he_o have_v live_v for_o in_o case_n the_o ward_n be_v steal_v and_o marry_v the_o delinquent_n suffer_v fine_a and_o imprisonment_n or_o if_o the_o ward_n marry_v without_o the_o lord_n consent_v he_o shall_v have_v the_o double_a value_n 6._o s_o at_o merton_n cap._n 6._o and_o hold_v the_o land_n over_o till_o satisfaction_n but_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n marry_v the_o ward_n within_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o its_o disparagement_n 7._o cap._n 7._o he_o shall_v lose_v his_o wardship_n thereby_o and_o if_o the_o ward_n refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o marriage_n tender_v by_o the_o lord_n before_o her_o age_n of_o 16_o year_n 22._o west_n 1._o c._n 22._o the_o lord_n shall_v hold_v the_o land_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o full_a value_n and_o in_o case_n where_o one_o tenant_n hold_v of_o