Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	know_v	see_v	true_a	2,582	5	4.3510	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49887	Monsieur Bossu's treatise of the epick poem containing many curious reflexions, very useful and necessary for the right understanding and judging of the excellencies of Homer and Virgil / done into English from the French, with a new original preface upon the same subject, by W.J. ; to which are added, An essay upon satyr, by Monsieur D'Acier ; and A treatise upon pastorals, by Monsieur Fontanelle.; Traité du poème épique. English	Le Bossu, René, 1631-1680.; W. J.; Dacier, André, 1651-1722. Essay upon satyr.; Fontenelle, M. de (Bernard Le Bovier), 1657-1757. Of pastorals.	1695 (1695)	Wing L804; ESTC R10431	296,769	336

troy_n because_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o greek_n and_o be_v king_n of_o the_o trojan_n because_o priam_n be_v dead_a and_o he_o elect_v in_o his_o room_n but_o if_o the_o take_n of_o troy_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o a_o ten_o year_n siege_n shall_v not_o this_o war_n have_v be_v relate_v as_o the_o necessary_a cause_n of_o the_o take_n and_o ruin_n thereof_o this_o be_v what_o the_o poet_n have_v admirable_o provide_v for_o by_o bring_v it_o about_o that_o neither_o the_o war_n nor_o the_o long_a and_o tedious_a siege_n shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o take_n of_o this_o city_n 2._o therefore_o he_o say_v at_o first_o that_o the_o greek_n be_v worsted_n that_o they_o utter_o despair_v of_o be_v master_n of_o the_o city_n by_o any_o of_o those_o measure_n they_o have_v hitherto_o take_v and_o that_o so_o many_o year_n spend_v in_o the_o war_n be_v but_o so_o much_o time_n lose_v so_o that_o the_o take_v of_o troy_n depend_v not_o upon_o any_o thing_n that_o go_v before_o the_o greek_n form_n another_o design_n which_o be_v a_o exact_a beginning_n of_o a_o action_n for_o it_o suppose_v nothing_o before_o it_o the_o poet_n give_v it_o likewise_o the_o other_o qualification_n of_o a_o beginning_n which_o be_v the_o require_v something_o after_o it_o before_o ever_o the_o grecian_n become_v master_n of_o the_o city_n and_o before_o ever_o king_n priam_n be_v kill_v aeneas_n be_v destine_v to_o re-establish_a a_o more_o noble_a religion_n and_o a_o more_o illustrious_a empire_n elsewhere_o wherefore_o the_o burn_a of_o troy_n be_v not_o a_o entire_a action_n nor_o the_o downfall_n of_o a_o empire_n but_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o a_o state_n and_o it_o require_v a_o new_a establishment_n to_o succeed_v it_o the_o ship_n off_o of_o aeneas_n his_o voyage_n his_o battle_n and_o all_o the_o obstacle_n he_o meet_v with_o compose_v a_o just_a middle_a they_o be_v a_o consequence_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n and_o of_o the_o choice_n they_o make_v of_o he_o to_o transport_v they_o into_o italy_n and_o these_o same_o incident_n require_v a_o end_n the_o end_n comprehend_v the_o death_n of_o amata_n that_o of_o turnus_n the_o change_n of_o juno_n mind_n and_o the_o term_n of_o the_o peace_n which_o contain_v all_o that_o aeneas_n pretend_v to_o for_o his_o establishment_n but_o for_o the_o better_a judge_v of_o the_o unity_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o action_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v we_o must_v add_v that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o design_n the_o first_o sort_n have_v no_o manner_n of_o consequence_n but_o end_n with_o the_o action_n the_o other_o beside_o the_o action_n have_v likewise_o some_o necessary_a consequence_n and_o in_o this_o last_o case_n these_o consequence_n must_v be_v relate_v if_o one_o will_v have_v the_o poem_n be_v as_o entire_a and_o as_o complete_a as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v our_o poet_n furnish_v we_o with_o instance_n of_o both_o these_o design_n the_o anger_n and_o revenge_n of_o a_o man_n require_v necessary_o nothing_o more_o after_o it_o when_o it_o be_v satisfy_v and_o over_o all_o be_v at_o a_o end_n when_o achilles_n be_v revenge_v when_o he_o have_v receive_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o affront_v put_v upon_o he_o and_o when_o he_o be_v once_o quiet_a a_o man_n never_o inquire_v what_o become_v of_o he_o afterward_o it_o be_v the_o same_o case_n with_o the_o return_n of_o a_o prince_n into_o his_o own_o country_n when_o he_o be_v come_v thither_o have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o those_o disorder_n which_o his_o absence_n have_v cause_v and_o enjoy_v peace_n again_o the_o reader_n be_v satisfy_v nor_o have_v homer_n make_v any_o episode_n that_o have_v transgress_v these_o bound_n virgil_n practice_n have_v be_v otherwise_o because_o he_o undertake_v a_o design_n of_o another_o nature_n the_o establishment_n of_o any_o state_n do_v of_o necessity_n draw_v great_a consequence_n after_o it_o if_o the_o poet_n have_v take_v they_o all_o for_o his_o action_n it_o will_v have_v be_v of_o a_o monstrous_a extent_n because_o the_o roman_a government_n be_v not_o full_o settle_v till_o after_o the_o ruin_n of_o carthage_n which_o have_v so_o long_o dispute_v with_o it_o for_o empire_n and_o liberty_n and_o this_o very_a state_n arrive_v not_o to_o its_o grandeur_n and_o perfection_n till_o under_o augustus_n who_o be_v its_o last_o as_o aeneas_n be_v its_o first_o founder_n therefore_o virgil_n have_v not_o take_v this_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o his_o poem_n but_o 6._o he_o relate_v it_o by_o such_o recital_n as_o homer_n make_v use_v of_o in_o his_o odysseïs_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o of_o the_o wound_n ulysses_n receive_v on_o the_o top_n of_o parnassus_n upon_o this_o account_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o poet_n may_v relate_v such_o incident_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o matter_n of_o his_o poem_n but_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o the_o matter_n thereof_o it_o be_v thus_o that_o virgil_n practice_n in_o the_o machine_n make_v jupiter_n in_o the_o first_o and_o anchises_n in_o the_o six_o book_n to_o make_v these_o prophetical_a recital_n there_o be_v something_o still_o more_o noble_a in_o the_o episode_n of_o dido_n where_o by_o a_o allegory_n and_o a_o conduct_n which_o one_o can_v never_o sufficient_o admire_v he_o bring_v into_o the_o body_n of_o his_o action_n all_o the_o succeed_a history_n of_o carthage_n and_o this_o so_o natural_o too_o that_o one_o will_v think_v the_o poet_n shall_v have_v make_v dido_n say_v and_o act_n just_a as_o she_o do_v though_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o quarrel_n between_o these_o two_o state_n and_o though_o there_o have_v never_o be_v such_o a_o man_n as_o hannibal_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o action_n a_o historian_n do_v not_o make_v his_o subject-matter_n himself_o he_o speak_v nothing_o but_o what_o he_o know_v and_o in_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o state_n we_o often_o see_v effect_n who_o cause_n be_v never_o know_v those_o who_o act_n in_o it_o keep_v all_o thing_n in_o private_a and_o the_o more_o they_o do_v so_o the_o great_a regnare_fw-la politician_n be_v they_o account_v so_o that_o on_o one_o side_n the_o historian_n be_v oblige_v to_o declare_v all_o the_o cause_n he_o know_v because_o these_o circumstance_n be_v very_o instructive_a but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n he_o be_v just_o dispense_v from_o relate_v several_a cause_n because_o he_o can_v come_v to_o any_o knowledge_n of_o they_o a_o poet_n have_v the_o same_o reason_n to_o tell_v all_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o action_n and_o he_o be_v likewise_o more_o oblige_v to_o it_o than_o a_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a and_o essential_a for_o poetry_n to_o instruct_v than_o it_o be_v for_o history_n but_o the_o poet_n have_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n to_o excuse_v his_o omission_n of_o any_o cause_n whatever_o he_o make_v his_o matter_n himself_o and_o if_o he_o take_v any_o thing_n from_o history_n it_o be_v but_o so_o far_o as_o history_n suit_v thereto_o he_o must_v feign_v whatever_o be_v not_o there_o or_o else_o change_v what_o be_v not_o suit_v to_o his_o purpose_n if_o it_o be_v propose_n that_o some_o thing_n may_v lie_v conceal_v from_o he_o because_o no_o man_n can_v know_v every_o thing_n he_o than_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o god_n who_o do_v know_v every_o thing_n virgil_n be_v my_o warrant_n in_o the_o case_n before_o we_o 1._o he_o invoke_v a_o deity_n that_o he_o may_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o action_n and_o he_o relate_v such_o thing_n as_o he_o can_v never_o know_v but_o by_o revelation_n since_o he_o say_v they_o happen_v to_o dido_n alone_o and_o which_o she_o never_o make_v any_o one_o no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o her_o sister_n acquaint_v with_o thus_o be_v the_o poet_n oblige_v to_o tell_v all_o the_o cause_n not_o only_o that_o he_o may_v instruct_v as_o we_o hint_v before_o but_o likewise_o that_o he_o may_v please_v for_o without_o doubt_v this_o be_v very_o grateful_a there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o cause_n some_o be_v more_o general_a and_o undetermined_a such_o as_o the_o humour_n of_o any_o one_o for_o it_o be_v upon_o humour_n that_o every_o one_o common_o regulate_v his_o conduct_n and_o act_n upon_o occasion_n other_o be_v more_o precise_a such_o as_o the_o interest_n of_o those_o that_o act._n and_o last_o there_o be_v other_o which_o be_v more_o immediate_a such_o as_o the_o design_n which_o one_o take_v to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v any_o thing_n these_o different_a cause_n of_o a_o action_n be_v likewise_o frequent_o the_o cause_n of_o one_o another_o every_o one_o take_v up_o those_o interest_n which_o his_o humour_n engage_v he_o in_o and_o form_v such_o design_n as_o his_o humour_n and_o

ivory_n wall_n and_o amber_n column_n of_o proserpina_n fine_a palace_n but_o we_o will_v not_o leave_v this_o chapter_n without_o produce_v some_o instance_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o homer_n and_o virgil._n we_o may_v reckon_v six_o of_o these_o sort_n of_o fault_n the_o first_o be_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v propose_v that_o be_v foreign_a to_o the_o subject_a the_o second_o be_v the_o giving_z too_o large_a a_o idea_n of_o the_o subject_a matter_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o hero_n appear_v too_o dazzle_v in_o the_o proposition_n the_o four_o when_o the_o poet_n speak_v too_o favourable_o of_o himself_o the_o five_o be_v the_o omit_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o the_o six_o be_v when_o nothing_o be_v say_v that_o may_v give_v a_o light_n into_o the_o character_n of_o the_o hero_n there_o be_v scarce_o one_o of_o these_o fault_n but_o may_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o achilleid_n refer_v statius_n pray_v his_o muse_n to_o tell_v he_o the_o story_n of_o the_o magnanimous_a son_n of_o aeacus_n who_o birth_n strike_v the_o thunderer_n himself_o with_o terror_n and_o to_o who_o admittance_n into_o heaven_n be_v deny_v though_o he_o have_v from_o thence_o his_o origin_n if_o horace_n can_v not_o endure_v that_o a_o poet_n shall_v propose_v priam_n fate_n and_o the_o famous_a war_n of_o troy_n tho'_o in_o truth_n this_o war_n be_v noble_a and_o illustrious_a what_o will_v he_o have_v say_v of_o he_o who_o sing_v a_o hero_n that_o strike_v terror_n into_o jupiter_n himself_o this_o very_a poet_n give_v we_o likewise_o too_o favourable_a a_o character_n of_o himself_o when_o beg_a phoebus_n to_o bestow_v upon_o he_o new_a inspiration_n thebae_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o in_o his_o first_o poem_n he_o have_v worthy_o exhaust_v those_o he_o have_v receive_v and_o brag_n of_o his_o be_v so_o excellent_a a_o poet_n that_o thebes_n will_v look_v upon_o he_o as_o another_o amphion_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o god_n in_o this_o proposition_n but_o it_o be_v more_o by_o chance_n than_o in_o imitation_n of_o homer_n or_o virgil_n since_o if_o he_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o art_n require_v so_o much_o he_o will_v not_o have_v fail_v do_v it_o in_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o thebay_n to_o conclude_v he_o have_v give_v a_o very_a sorry_a character_n of_o his_o hero_n when_o he_o style_v he_o magnanimous_a achilles_n be_v certain_o very_o impatient_a choleric_a and_o revengeful_a homer_n make_v he_o so_o and_o statius_n shall_v have_v keep_v up_o the_o same_o character_n which_o this_o first_o poet_n have_v give_v he_o poet._n this_o be_v one_o of_o horace_n rule_n but_o we_o need_v not_o seek_v any_o far_a than_o statius_n himself_o for_o a_o proof_n of_o his_o error_n in_o this_o point_n in_o the_o proposition_n he_o contradict_v this_o character_n of_o magnanimous_a which_o he_o have_v bestow_v upon_o achilles_n at_o first_o for_o immediate_o after_o among_o the_o action_n he_o be_v to_o mention_v of_o his_o hero_n he_o mention_n one_o that_o be_v far_o from_o magnanimity_n namely_o his_o cruel_a usage_n of_o hector_n body_n when_o after_o he_o have_v kill_v he_o he_o bind_v he_o by_o the_o heel_n to_o his_o chariot_n and_o drag_v he_o a_o great_a many_o time_n round_a the_o wall_n of_o troy_n and_o the_o tomb_n of_o patroclus_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o invocation_n 〈◊〉_d homer_n in_o his_o two_o poem_n insert_v the_o invocation_n in_o the_o proposition_n he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o he_o will_v relate_v what_o achilles_n or_o ulysses_n have_v do_v but_o entreat_v his_o muse_n to_o make_v the_o recital_n virgil_n have_v these_o two_o part_n distinct_a he_o first_o cano_fw-la propose_v what_o he_o will_v sing_v and_o then_o he_o memora_fw-la beg_v his_o muse_n to_o inform_v he_o about_o it_o in_o this_o second_o part_n he_o virum_fw-la insert_v the_o character_n of_o his_o hero_n which_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o first_o and_o this_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o signify_v little_a whether_o they_o be_v distinct_a from_o each_o other_o or_o join_v together_o but_o let_v the_o way_n be_v how_o it_o will_v the_o poet_n can_v omit_v the_o invocation_n he_o speak_v of_o thing_n which_o he_o will_v know_v nothing_o of_o unless_o some_o god_n or_o other_o have_v reveal_v they_o to_o he_o he_o owe_v his_o reader_n this_o example_n of_o piety_n and_o veneration_n which_o be_v the_o very_a foundation_n of_o all_o the_o moral_a and_o the_o instruction_n he_o pretend_v to_o lay_v down_o from_o the_o fable_n and_o last_o since_o the_o god_n must_v be_v concern_v in_o it_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o dare_v to_o bring_v they_o upon_o the_o stage_n without_o crave_v their_o leave_n first_o so_o that_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o god_n the_o auditor_n and_o the_o poet_n himself_o the_o invocation_n become_v a_o indispensible_a and_o necessary_a part_n the_o poet_n likewise_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o god_n very_o often_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o his_o work_n etc._n sometime_o when_o he_o enter_v upon_o a_o new_a matter_n as_o virgil_n do_v when_o in_o his_o seven_o book_n he_o enter_v upon_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o design_n 9_o sometime_o when_o he_o relate_v some_o miraculous_a action_n that_o be_v above_o common_a probability_n as_o in_o the_o transformation_n of_o aeneas_n ship_n into_o nymph_n 6._o sometime_o when_o he_o reveal_v those_o mystery_n which_o god_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v willing_a to_o keep_v secret_a from_o the_o curiosity_n of_o man_n such_o for_o instance_n be_v that_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o shade_n below_o whither_o aeneas_n be_v conduct_v by_o sibyl_n and_o last_o at_o other_o time_n upon_o other_o occasion_n but_o the_o principal_a invocation_n be_v that_o at_o the_o beginning_n and_o here_o we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v what_o the_o poet_n desire_v and_o the_o second_o to_o what_o deity_n he_o make_v his_o application_n that_o which_o we_o demand_v in_o the_o first_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o poet_n shall_v desire_v that_o all_o his_o matter_n shall_v be_v inspire_v into_o he_o or_o only_o a_o part_n of_o it_o the_o different_a practice_n of_o our_o author_n oblige_v we_o to_o make_v this_o reflection_n homer_n have_v so_o well_o connect_v his_o proposition_n in_o the_o iliad_n with_o the_o invocation_n that_o he_o implore_v his_o muse_n for_o all_o that_o he_o propose_v without_o exception_n in_o the_o odysseïs_n he_o have_v begin_v after_o the_o same_o way_n but_o after_o mention_v several_a thing_n which_o he_o beg_v his_o muse_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o he_o at_o last_o retrenche_n some_o and_o only_o entreat_v she_o to_o tell_v he_o a_o part_n of_o they_o virgil_n follow_v this_o last_o method_n that_o which_o be_v particular_a in_o he_o be_v that_o he_o do_v not_o in_o the_o general_a desire_n one_o part_n of_o his_o subject_n but_o precise_o determine_v what_o part_n he_o will_v have_v his_o muse_n inspire_v into_o he_o it_o be_v that_o which_o be_v the_o most_o secret_a and_o hard_a to_o know_v after_o he_o have_v very_o exact_o propose_v all_o his_o matter_n he_o than_o address_v himself_o to_o his_o muse_n and_o pray_v she_o to_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o there_o be_v a_o very_a natural_a reason_n to_o be_v give_v for_o this_o conduct_n for_o since_o the_o poet_n suppose_v that_o his_o action_n be_v true_a and_o write_v as_o if_o he_o will_v have_v it_o pass_v for_o such_o he_o must_v likewise_o suppose_v that_o such_o a_o illustrious_a and_o important_a action_n can_v not_o have_v be_v bury_v in_o oblivion_n by_o this_o mean_n history_n or_o report_n may_v have_v inform_v he_o of_o one_o part._n this_o be_v the_o idea_n he_o will_v have_v the_o reader_n conceive_v when_o he_o do_v not_o desire_v the_o muse_n for_o all_o perhaps_o likewise_o our_o poet_n do_v this_o to_o divide_v the_o business_n so_o that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o honour_n of_o sing_v a_o part_n with_o the_o go_n this_o be_v what_o omnes_fw-la virgil_n do_v in_o his_o eight_o eclogue_n he_o sing_v the_o one_o half_a of_o his_o matter_n and_o pray_v the_o muse_n to_o go_v on_o and_o sing_v the_o other_o part_n because_o he_o can_v not_o do_v all_o however_o the_o case_n stand_v we_o see_v by_o this_o practice_n what_o the_o poet_n be_v allow_v to_o do_v thus_o much_o for_o what_o he_o desire_v now_o let_v we_o see_v to_o who_o he_o make_v his_o address_n the_o invocation_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o poem_n when_o it_o be_v either_o address_v to_o the_o god_n who_o preside_v over_o the_o subject_a he_o treat_v on_o or_o to_o the_o god_n who_o preside_v over_o poetry_n in_o general_n ovid_n in_o his_o meis_fw-la metamorphosis_n make_v use_v of_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o invocation_n he_o

contend_v beside_o these_o sort_n of_o probability_n there_o be_v still_o another_o particular_a one_o which_o we_o may_v call_v a_o accidental_a probability_n it_o consist_v not_o in_o make_v use_n of_o several_a incident_n each_o of_o which_o in_o particular_a be_v probable_a but_o in_o order_v they_o so_o that_o they_o shall_v happen_v all_o together_o very_a probably_n a_o man_n for_o instance_n may_v probably_n die_v of_o a_o apoplexy_n but_o that_o this_o shall_v happen_v exact_o when_o the_o poet_n have_v occasion_n to_o unravel_v his_o plot_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o grant_v the_o fault_n against_o this_o probability_n be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n for_o they_o comprehend_v the_o multitude_n of_o marvellous_a thing_n each_o of_o which_o may_v have_v be_v regular_a in_o the_o particular_a but_o which_o in_o all_o probability_n can_v be_v heap_v up_o in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n and_o so_o small_a a_o space_n it_o be_v likewise_o a_o fault_n against_o this_o probability_n when_o 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but_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o these_o incident_n have_v so_o much_o as_o one_o single_a qualification_n of_o those_o which_o i_o propose_v as_o necessary_a to_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n the_o first_o of_o these_o qualification_n be_v that_o a_o episode_n be_v proper_a and_o draw_v from_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o fable_n and_o the_o subject_a it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o invent_v a_o adventure_n more_o foreign_a to_o the_o war_n of_o the_o theban_a brother_n than_o all_o this_o story_n of_o lemnos_n for_o what_o affinity_n have_v the_o anger_n of_o venus_n the_o butcher_a of_o the_o lemnian_o the_o design_n of_o the_o argonaut_n and_o the_o amour_n of_o jason_n and_o hypsipyle_n with_o the_o quarrel_n between_o eteocles_n and_o polynices_n to_o make_v a_o mix_v medley_n of_o such_o various_a incident_n be_v just_a like_o form_v one_o of_o poet._n horace_n monster_n and_o never_o will_v a_o woman_n head_n clap_v on_o to_o a_o horse_n neck_n appear_v more_o 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and_o offend_v against_o all_o probability_n it_o be_v rather_o a_o fresh_a fault_n than_o any_o excuse_n hypsipyle_n have_v so_o little_a a_o way_n to_o go_v from_o the_o place_n where_o she_o leave_v her_o prince_n to_o that_o whither_o she_o conduct_v the_o grecian_n that_o from_o thence_o hypsipyle_n she_o hear_v this_o infant_n be_v shrill_a cry_n when_o death_n have_v almost_o stop_v his_o mouth_n therefore_o if_o she_o have_v have_v any_o concern_n for_o leave_v archemorus_n she_o shall_v not_o have_v stay_v from_o he_o a_o moment_n but_o can_v not_o a_o soldier_n have_v leave_v to_o pass_v a_o compliment_n upon_o she_o for_o a_o few_o minute_n or_o so_o to_o conclude_v who_o do_v ever_o know_v a_o nurse_n so_o inconsiderate_a as_o to_o leave_v her_o child_n alone_o for_o several_a hour_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o forest_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o wild_a beast_n expose_v to_o so_o many_o other_o danger_n and_o to_o leave_v he_o in_o this_o manner_n without_o a_o guard_n tho'_o 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no_o long_o the_o argive_n but_o the_o athenian_n for_o its_o enemy_n it_o be_v no_o long_o defend_v by_o eteocles_n but_o by_o creon_n and_o not_o assault_v by_o polynices_n but_o by_o theseus_n the_o dispute_n be_v no_o long_o about_o a_o kingdom_n but_o a_o tyrant_n to_o be_v punish_v it_o be_v no_o more_o a_o siege_n but_o the_o take_n of_o a_o city_n and_o now_o no_o long_o be_v cruelty_n ambition_n and_o violence_n predominant_a there_o but_o valour_n generosity_n and_o piety_n which_o in_o the_o last_o book_n destroy_v the_o character_n of_o the_o whole_a poem_n so_o that_o the_o action_n be_v quite_o another_o in_o the_o cause_n in_o the_o end_n in_o the_o person_n in_o the_o manner_n and_o in_o all_o the_o other_o circumstance_n these_o be_v the_o fault_n which_o manifest_o spoil_v

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his_o year_n expire_v refuse_v to_o quit_v his_o throne_n to_o his_o brother_n polynices_n meet_v with_o assistance_n at_o argos_n and_o come_v to_o dispute_v his_o title_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n this_o be_v a_o exact_a beginning_n it_o require_v a_o consequence_n but_o not_o any_o thing_n antecedent_n thereto_o therefore_o it_o be_v irregular_o do_v to_o place_n before_o this_o beginning_n the_o recital_n of_o whatever_o happen_v from_o the_o sound_n of_o thebes_n and_o the_o rape_n of_o europa_n down_o to_o that_o time_n the_o quarrel_n of_o these_o two_o brother_n end_v with_o their_o death_n which_o be_v a_o exact_a end_n the_o reader_n do_v not_o desire_v one_o shall_v relate_v what_o become_v of_o creon_n the_o successor_n of_o eteocles_n therefore_o statius_n be_v in_o the_o wrong_n when_o he_o make_v that_o a_o part_n of_o his_o poem_n he_o be_v no_o less_o to_o blame_v for_o put_v in_o the_o middle_a of_o his_o poem_n the_o story_n of_o hypsipyle_n for_o this_o 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provoke_v apollo_n against_o they_o who_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o appease_v afterward_o at_o the_o cost_n and_o prejudice_n of_o achilles_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o his_o fault_n this_o then_o be_v a_o exact_a beginning_n it_o suppose_v nothing_o before_o and_o require_v after_o it_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o anger_n achilles_n revenge_n himself_o and_o that_o be_v a_o exact_a middle_a it_o suppose_v before_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n who_o be_v provoke_v this_o revenge_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o it_o then_o this_o middle_a require_v after_o it_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o revenge_n which_o be_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o achilles_n for_o the_o revenge_n have_v not_o be_v complete_a unless_o achilles_n have_v be_v satisfy_v by_o this_o mean_n the_o poet_n make_v his_o hero_n after_o he_o be_v glut_v as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v by_o the_o mischief_n he_o have_v do_v to_o agamemnon_n by_o the_o death_n of_o hector_n and_o the_o honour_n he_o do_v his_o friend_n by_o insult_v over_o his_o murderer_n he_o make_v he_o i_o say_v to_o be_v move_v by_o the_o tear_n and_o misfortune_n of_o king_n priam._n we_o see_v he_o as_o calm_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o poem_n during_o the_o funeral_n of_o hector_n as_o he_o be_v at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o poem_n whilst_o the_o plague_n rage_v among_o the_o grecian_n this_o end_n be_v just_a since_o the_o calmness_n of_o temper_n achilles_n re-enjoyed_a be_v only_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o revenge_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v go_v before_o and_o after_o this_o no_o body_n expect_v any_o more_o of_o his_o anger_n thus_o have_v homer_n be_v very_o exact_a in_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_n of_o the_o action_n he_o make_v choice_n of_o for_o the_o subject_a of_o his_o iliad_n his_o design_n in_o the_o odysseis_n be_v to_o describe_v the_o return_n of_o ulysses_n from_o the_o ruin_n of_o troy_n and_o his_o arrival_n at_o ithaea_n he_o open_v this_o poem_n with_o the_o complaint_n of_o minerva_n against_o neptune_n who_o oppose_v the_o return_n of_o this_o hero_n and_o against_o calypso_n who_o detain_v he_o in_o a_o island_n far_o from_o ithaca_n be_v this_o a_o beginning_n no_o doubtless_o it_o be_v not_o the_o reader_n will_v fain_o know_v why_o neptune_n be_v displease_v with_o ulysses_n and_o how_o this_o prince_n come_v to_o be_v with_o calypso_n he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o know_v how_o he_o come_v from_o troy_n thither_o the_o poet_n answer_v his_o demand_n out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o ulysses_n himself_o who_o relate_v these_o thing_n and_o begin_v the_o action_n by_o the_o recital_n of_o his_o travel_n from_o the_o city_n of_o troy_n it_o signify_v little_a whether_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o action_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o poem_n as_o we_o shall_v take_v notice_n in_o the_o follow_a book_n where_o we_o shall_v treat_v express_o of_o the_o order_n our_o poet_n have_v observe_v in_o their_o narration_n the_o beginning_n of_o this_o 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the_o action_n have_v all_o their_o part_n and_o no_o more_o the_o order_n of_o the_o odysseis_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o the_o iliad_n in_o that_o the_o poem_n do_v not_o begin_v with_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o action_n that_o of_o the_o aeneid_n be_v still_o more_o different_a since_o the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o poem_n be_v not_o the_o end_n of_o the_o action_n of_o aeneis_n but_o we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o at_o present_a the_o design_n of_o virgil_n be_v to_o conduct_v aeneas_n into_o italy_n there_o to_o establish_v his_o god_n and_o religion_n and_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n there_o be_v this_o difference_n between_o the_o return_n of_o ulysses_n and_o the_o voyage_n of_o aeneas_n that_o no_o one_o ever_o question_n why_o a_o man_n return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n though_o homer_n have_v make_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o natural_a affection_n he_o bear_v to_o his_o country_n yet_o the_o reader_n will_v never_o have_v fell_a out_o with_o he_o for_o this_o omission_n this_o be_v a_o well_o know_v cause_n it_o be_v neither_o a_o action_n of_o which_o one_o ought_v to_o make_v a_o narration_n nor_o a_o thing_n which_o precede_v this_o return_n but_o aeneas_n act_v contrary_a to_o this_o natural_a affection_n he_o abandon_v his_o own_o country_n to_o go_v in_o search_n after_o a_o strange_a land_n the_o reader_n than_o will_v have_v the_o poet_n tell_v he_o why_o this_o hero_n leave_v troy_n beside_o ulysses_n be_v bear_v a_o king_n but_o aeneas_n be_v not_o so_o that_o the_o embarking_a of_o ulysses_n be_v sufficient_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n but_o the_o embarking_a of_o aeneas_n from_o troy_n on_o board_n the_o admiral_n of_o a_o fleet_n of_o twenty_o sail_n can_v be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o action_n of_o aeneas_n aeneas_n abandon_v

they_o be_v read_v a_o book_n or_o hear_v something_a or_o other_o relate_v the_o other_o be_v more_o artificial_a where_o the_o author_n make_v no_o appearance_n nor_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o himself_o but_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o innocent_a magic_n he_o raise_v from_o the_o dead_a and_o bring_v upon_o the_o stage_n those_o very_a person_n who_o have_v do_v the_o action_n he_o will_v represent_v he_o make_v they_o speak_v and_o act_v over_o again_o the_o same_o word_n and_o action_n they_o speak_v and_o do_v before_o and_o in_o some_o sort_n transport_v his_o auditor_n to_o the_o time_n when_o and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o action_n be_v do_v by_o this_o mean_n he_o do_v not_o declare_v it_o to_o they_o after_o a_o plain_a simple_a way_n as_o the_o historian_n but_o make_v they_o witness_n of_o it_o and_o the_o action_n become_v its_o own_o discoverer_n the_o action_n which_o poet_n imitate_v be_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a degree_n capable_a of_o two_o form_n each_o 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speak_v have_v no_o part_n exempt_v from_o the_o action_n that_o be_v represent_v this_o alone_a make_v the_o comedy_n and_o tragedy_n entire_a and_o perfect_a such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v in_o use_n nowadays_o that_o be_v without_o prologue_n epilogue_z and_o those_o other_o appendage_n which_o be_v lose_v or_o leave_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o poet_n have_v alter_v nothing_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o poem_n when_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o 〈◊〉_d they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o tragedy_n and_o action_n since_o they_o be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o actor_n but_o in_o the_o epic_a poem_n where_o the_o poet_n speak_v he_o say_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o poem_n so_o likewise_o a_o orator_n not_o only_a allege_v his_o reason_n and_o refute_v those_o of_o the_o adverse_a party_n but_o beside_o that_o prepare_v his_o auditor_n beg_v their_o attention_n and_o at_o last_o raise_v the_o passion_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o his_o cause_n nothing_o of_o all_o this_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o foreign_a to_o his_o subject_n the_o exordium_n proposition_n and_o peroration_n be_v true_a part_n of_o it_o though_o less_o necessary_a than_o the_o narration_n and_o the_o confirmation_n it_o be_v just_a the_o same_o in_o the_o epopéa_fw-la before_o the_o poet_n begin_v the_o large_a recital_n of_o his_o action_n he_o propose_v it_o in_o general_a and_o invoke_v the_o god_n that_o be_v to_o inspire_v he_o this_o make_v up_o three_o part_n that_o have_v be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o necessary_a viz._n the_o proposition_n the_o invocation_n and_o the_o narration_n we_o may_v add_v to_o they_o a_o four_o which_o be_v no_o less_o necessary_a nor_o less_o usual_a and_o that_o be_v the_o title_n or_o inscription_n of_o the_o poem_n there_o be_v several_a other_o which_o signify_v nothing_o to_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n there_o be_v a_o preface_n before_o the_o aeneid_n which_o they_o say_v be_v make_v against_o the_o plagiaries_n who_o may_v have_v transcribe_v this_o poem_n and_o have_v have_v the_o credit_n of_o it_o to_o virgil_n prejudice_n it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o follow_a verse_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o his_o other_o work_n ille_fw-la ego_fw-la qui_fw-la quondam_a gracili_fw-la modulatus_fw-la avenâ_fw-la carmen_fw-la &_o egressus_fw-la sylvis_fw-la vicina_fw-la coegi_fw-la ut_fw-la quamvis_fw-la avido_fw-la parerent_fw-la arva_fw-la colono_fw-la gratum_fw-la opus_fw-la agricolis_fw-la at_o nunc_fw-la horrentia_fw-la martis_n ...._o i_o question_v whether_o these_o verse_n be_v proper_a for_o a_o beginning_n where_o the_o reader_n be_v mind_n not_o be_v as_o yet_o in_o a_o heat_n require_v something_o more_o mild_a and_o just_a than_o in_o the_o sequel_n where_o it_o be_v easy_o transport_v in_o my_o mind_n the_o last_o of_o these_o four_o verse_n seem_v unworthy_a of_o this_o great_a poet._n all_o that_o need_v be_v say_v be_v sufficient_o express_v in_o the_o three_o first_o the_o other_o part_n be_v a_o dedication_n to_o flatter_v some_o great_a man_n or_o other_o and_o a_o epilogue_n for_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o poem_n virgil_n make_v use_v of_o these_o two_o part_n in_o his_o georgic_n etc._n he_o begin_v with_o the_o proposition_n where_o he_o just_a mention_n maecenas_n to_o who_o he_o delicate_n this_o piece_n but_o say_v never_o a_o word_n in_o his_o praise_n etc._n after_o this_o he_o make_v a_o invocation_n wherein_o he_o address_v himself_o to_o all_o the_o god_n that_o preside_v over_o agriculture_n and_o then_o he_o flatter_v etc._n augustus_n join_v he_o with_o the_o god_n he_o invoke_v etc._n afterward_o he_o enter_v upon_o his_o subject_n and_o begin_v to_o treat_v at_o large_a of_o agriculture_n this_o part_n be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o poem_n as_o the_o narration_n in_o the_o epopéa_fw-la etc._n last_o after_o he_o have_v finish_v his_o treatise_n in_o four_o book_n he_o end_v with_o a_o epilogue_n design_v against_o the_o plagiaries_n as_o the_o preface_n of_o the_o aeneid_n be_v but_o with_o a_o air_n so_o different_a that_o these_o verse_n seem_v to_o be_v produce_v by_o another_o sort_n of_o genius_n this_o be_v what_o he_o have_v do_v in_o his_o georgic_n but_o neither_o he_o nor_o homer_n in_o their_o epic_a poem_n have_v make_v use_n of_o any_o of_o these_o unnecessary_a part_n so_o that_o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o more_o about_o they_o i_o will_v now_o speak_v particular_o to_o the_o other_o four_o 1._o of_o the_o inscription_n or_o title_n of_o the_o poem_n 2._o of_o the_o proposition_n 3._o of_o the_o invocation_n 4._o and_o last_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o the_o narration_n proper_o so_o call_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n we_o here_o examine_v thing_n upon_o the_o principle_n we_o lay_v down_o in_o speak_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n we_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o fable_n and_o we_o see_v nothing_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o poet_n that_o give_v we_o any_o other_o idea_n of_o the_o title_n and_o inscription_n of_o their_o poem_n than_o of_o the_o title_n of_o aesop_n fable_n they_o have_v for_o their_o title_n the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n that_o act_n in_o they_o there_o lie_v this_o difference_n that_o all_o the_o personage_n be_v name_v in_o the_o title_n of_o aesop_n fable_n because_o they_o be_v but_o few_o and_o one_o be_v as_o important_a as_o another_o but_o in_o the_o epic_a poem_n there_o be_v common_o one_o who_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o considerable_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o other_o be_v too_o many_o to_o be_v all_o name_v therefore_o they_o only_o affix_v the_o name_n of_o the_o principal_a personage_n to_o it_o thus_o the_o odysseïs_n and_o the_o aeneid_n bear_v only_o the_o name_n of_o ulysses_n and_o aeneas_n the_o example_n of_o homer_n in_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o iliad_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o poem_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o something_o else_o beside_o the_o name_n of_o the_o personage_n perhaps_o he_o do_v not_o call_v it_o the_o achilleid_n because_o achilles_n do_v not_o act_v therein_o as_o ulysses_n and_o aeneas_n do_v in_o the_o other_o two_o poem_n he_o have_v as_o many_o sharer_n in_o his_o dignity_n as_o there_o be_v prince_n in_o his_o alliance_n he_o have_v a_o general_n to_o who_o he_o shall_v submit_v and_o refuse_v to_o do_v that_o he_o make_v but_o little_a or_o no_o figure_n in_o the_o whole_a action_n of_o which_o the_o subject_a of_o the_o poem_n be_v but_o a_o part_n he_o be_v but_o little_o better_a than_o a_o cashier_v officer_n he_o be_v doubtless_o the_o most_o valiant_a but_o the_o poet_n sing_v his_o anger_n not_o his_o valour_n and_o even_o there_o the_o anger_n which_o the_o poet_n sing_v be_v rather_o that_o which_o make_v