hill_n nor_o yet_o spare_v the_o open_a side_n and_o the_o matter_n bring_v to_o a_o narrow_a issue_n without_o any_o mean_n or_o succour_n to_o relieve_v they_o he_o take_v a_o target_n from_o one_o of_o the_o hindmost_a soldier_n for_o he_o himself_o be_v come_v thither_o without_o one_o and_o press_v to_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n call_v the_o centurion_n by_o name_n and_o encourage_v the_o rest_n command_v the_o ensign_n to_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o maniple_n to_o be_v enlarge_v that_o they_o may_v with_o great_a facility_n and_o readiness_n use_v their_o sword_n the_o first_o observation_n this_o publius_n sextus_n baculus_fw-la be_v the_o chief_a centurion_n of_o the_o 12_o legion_n primipile_n be_v the_o first_o centurion_n of_o that_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarij_fw-la that_o be_v of_o the_o first_o cohort_n in_o that_o legion_n for_o that_o place_n be_v the_o great_a dignity_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o centurion_n and_o therefore_o he_o 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do_v attribute_v the_o same_o to_o fortune_n and_o esteem_v they_o without_o reason_n happy_a victor_n but_o rather_o look_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n we_o give_v they_o their_o due_a praise_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o reason_n and_o sound_a judgement_n concern_v the_o battle_n between_o hannibal_n and_o the_o roman_n and_o concern_v the_o roman_n their_o loss_n there_o be_v no_o need_n that_o i_o speak_v much_o for_o their_o loss_n be_v neither_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o defect_n of_o their_o arm_n or_o disposition_n of_o their_o army_n but_o to_o the_o dexterity_n and_o industry_n of_o hannibal_n but_o we_o have_v entreat_v thereof_o when_o we_o make_v mention_v of_o the_o battle_n themselves_o and_o the_o end_n itself_o of_o that_o war_n do_v especial_o confirm_v this_o our_o opinion_n for_o when_o they_o have_v get_v a_o captain_n equal_a with_o hannibal_n even_o consequent_o with_o all_o his_o victory_n vanish_v and_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o overcome_v the_o 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violence_n thereof_o as_o may_v easy_o by_o many_o document_n be_v approve_v for_o when_o a_o arm_a man_n do_v stand_v firm_a in_o the_o space_n of_o three_o foot_n in_o so_o thick_a a_o array_n of_o battle_n and_o the_o length_n of_o their_o pike_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o basis_n or_o scantling_n sixteen_o foot_n but_o according_a to_o the_o true_a and_o right_a conveniency_n of_o they_o 14_o cubit_n out_o of_o which_o be_v take_v four_o allow_v for_o the_o space_n between_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o support_v the_o same_o and_o the_o butt_n end_n thereof_o while_o he_o stand_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o attend_v the_o encounter_n be_v thus_o order_v i_o say_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o length_n of_o ten_o cubit_n do_v extend_v itself_o before_o the_o body_n of_o every_o arm_a man_n where_o with_o both_o his_o
to_o a_o faithful_a and_o serious_a execution_n of_o such_o a_o action_n to_o prepare_v the_o mind_n of_o their_o man_n with_o word_n of_o encouragement_n and_o to_o take_v away_o all_o scruple_n out_o of_o their_o conceit_n either_o of_o the_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o disadvantage_n against_o the_o enemy_n for_o if_o at_o any_o time_n that_o say_v be_v true_a that_o oratio_fw-la plus_fw-la potest_fw-la quam_fw-la pecunia_fw-la it_o be_v here_o more_o powerful_a and_o of_o great_a effect_n for_o a_o donative_n or_o liberanca_fw-la can_v but_o procure_v a_o mercenary_a endeavour_n ever_o yield_v to_o a_o better_a offer_n and_o do_v oftentimes_o breed_v a_o suspicion_n of_o wrong_n even_o among_o those_o that_o be_v willing_o enrich_v with_o they_o and_o so_o make_v they_o flacke_a to_o discharge_v their_o service_n with_o loyalty_n yea_o oftentimes_o of_o friend_n to_o become_v enemy_n but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o speech_n disclose_v the_o secret_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o 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key_n sound_v it_o never_o so_o grave_o without_o scoff_v and_o derision_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n discontinuance_n of_o so_o necessary_a a_o part_n have_v breed_v at_o length_n such_o a_o inutilem_fw-la pudorem_fw-la in_o our_o chief_a commander_n that_o they_o have_v rather_o loose_v the_o gain_n of_o a_o great_a advantage_n then_o buy_v it_o with_o word_n to_o be_v deliver_v in_o public_a the_o second_o observation_n in_o this_o chapter_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n describe_v which_o be_v a_o heavy_a deadly_a weapon_n can_v hardly_o be_v frustrate_v with_o any_o resistance_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n be_v very_o proper_a and_o effectual_a against_o a_o phalanx_n or_o any_o other_o thick_a and_o close_a battle_n or_o wheresoeever_n else_o the_o stroke_n be_v certain_a or_o can_v hardly_o deceive_v the_o aim_n of_o the_o caster_n for_o in_o such_o encounter_v it_o so_o gall_a the_o enemy_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o keep_v their_o order_n nor_o answer_v the_o assault_n with_o a_o resist_a counterbuff_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o only_a remedy_n against_o the_o pile_n be_v to_o make_v the_o rank_n thin_a allow_v to_o every_o soldier_n a_o large_a podisme_n or_o place_n to_o stand_v in_o that_o so_o the_o stroke_n may_v of_o itself_o fall_v without_o hurt_n or_o by_o foresight_n be_v prevent_v as_o it_o shall_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o note_v as_o the_o place_n shall_v offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o pile_n which_o be_v so_o often_o mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n polybius_n describe_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n a_o pile_n say_v he_o be_v a_o cast_a weapon_n the_o staff_n whereof_o be_v almost_o 3_o cubit_n long_o and_o it_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la a_o hand_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n the_o staff_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n equal_a in_o length_n to_o the_o staff_n itself_o but_o in_o that_o sort_n that_o half_o the_o head_n be_v fasten_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o staff_n with_o plate_n of_o iron_n like_o the_o head_n of_o a_o halberd_n and_o the_o other_o half_o stick_v out_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o staff_n like_o a_o pike_n contain_v a_o finger_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n and_o so_o decrease_v less_o and_o less_o unto_o the_o point_n which_o be_v barb_a this_o head_n be_v so_o slender_a towards_o the_o point_n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o staff_n will_v bend_v it_o as_o it_o stick_v as_o appear_v in_o this_o battle_n of_o the_o helvetian_n this_o weapon_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v call_v pilum_fw-la as_o varro_n note_v of_o pilum_fw-la a_o pestle_n quod_fw-la host_n feriret_fw-la ut_fw-la pilum_fw-la romana_fw-la lipsius_n find_v that_o palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la be_v too_o great_a a_o thickness_n to_o be_v manage_v by_o any_o man_n hand_n interprete_v it_o to_o be_v four_o inch_n in_o circuit_n if_o the_o staff_n be_v either_o round_a or_o square_n for_o they_o have_v of_o both_o sort_n and_o so_o he_o make_v it_o very_o manageable_a but_o nothing_o answerable_a to_o the_o description_n give_v by_o polybius_n either_o in_o form_n or_o weight_n patricius_n in_o his_o paralleli_fw-la make_v the_o staff_n to_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la in_o the_o butt_n end_n 5._o but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o staff_n he_o make_v to_o decrease_v taper_n wise_a unto_o the_o head_n of_o iron_n where_o it_o have_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n and_o so_o it_o answer_v both_o in_o form_n and_o weight_n to_o a_o pestle_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o polybius_n patricius_n in_o that_o place_n set_v down_o four_o discommodity_n of_o the_o pile_n first_o a_o furious_a and_o hot_a spirit_a enemy_n will_v easy_o prevent_v the_o dart_a of_o the_o pile_n with_o a_o nimble_a and_o speedy_a close_o and_o so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o ariovistus_fw-la the_o german_n come_v so_o violent_o upon_o they_o that_o the_o soldier_n cast_v away_o their_o pile_n and_o betake_v they_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o likewise_o in_o that_o worthy_a battle_n between_o catiline_n and_o marcus_n petreius_n sallust_n they_o cast_v away_o their_o pile_n on_o either_o part_n the_o second_o discommodity_n be_v that_o the_o pile_n be_v so_o heavy_a can_v not_o be_v cast_v any_o distance_n but_o be_v only_o serviceable_a at_o hand_n three_o they_o can_v not_o be_v cast_v with_o any_o aim_n or_o as_o they_o say_v point_n blank_a and_o last_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o ground_n backward_o when_o they_o throw_v they_o which_o may_v easy_o disorder_v their_o troop_n if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o well_o experience_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o last_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v in_o this_o speciality_n be_v that_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n have_v no_o other_o offensive_a weapon_n but_o one_o pile_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o their_o sword_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o their_o victory_n come_v by_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n for_o they_o come_v always_o so_o near_o before_o they_o cast_v their_o pile_n that_o they_o leave_v themselves_o no_o more_o time_n than_o may_v convenient_o serve_v they_o to_o draw_v their_o sword_n neither_o will_v their_o arm_n of_o defence_n which_o be_v complete_a beside_o a_o large_a target_n which_o they_o carry_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n suffer_v they_o to_o make_v any_o long_a pursuit_n or_o continue_a chase_n whensoever_o a_o light_a arm_a enemy_n do_v make_v any_o speedy_a retreat_n as_o will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o follow_v chap._n ix_o the_o helvetian_n faint_v in_o
agreeable_a to_o nature_n first_o to_o defend_v that_o which_o be_v their_o own_o before_o they_o attempt_v other_o man_n possession_n when_o peace_n be_v establish_v in_o italy_n then_o let_v war_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n in_o africa_n and_o first_o let_v they_o be_v without_o fear_n themselves_o before_o they_o go_v about_o to_o terrify_v other_o for_o those_o force_n afford_v little_a hope_n of_o victory_n in_o another_o kingdom_n that_o be_v not_o able_a to_o free_v their_o own_o country_n from_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n alcibiades_z overthrow_v the_o athenian_a common_a weal_n with_o the_o like_a cowsel_n and_o concern_v hannibal_n let_v they_o be_v sure_a of_o this_o that_o they_o shall_v find_v he_o a_o sore_a enemy_n in_o his_o own_o country_n then_o in_o a_o other_o kingdom_n scipio_n on_o the_o other_o side_n carry_v on_o with_o the_o honour_n of_o so_o glorious_a a_o enterprise_n want_v neither_o reason_n nor_o example_n to_o impugn_v fabius_n his_o authority_n for_o he_o show_v that_o agathocles_n the_o syracusian_a king_n be_v a_o long_a time_n afflict_v with_o the_o punic_a war_n avert_v the_o carthaginean_a from_o sicily_n by_o transport_v his_o force_n into_o africa_n but_o how_o powerful_a it_o be_v to_o take_v away_o fear_v by_o retort_v danger_n upon_o the_o oppressor_n can_v there_o be_v a_o present_a example_n than_o hannibal_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n between_o the_o spoil_n and_o waste_v of_o a_o stranger_n country_n and_o to_o see_v their_o own_o native_a country_n waste_v with_o sword_n and_o destruction_n plus_fw-la animi_fw-la est_fw-la inferenti_fw-la periculum_fw-la quam_fw-la propulsanti_fw-la for_o he_o that_o invade_v a_o other_o kingdom_n easy_o discover_v both_o the_o advantage_n which_o may_v be_v take_v against_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o strength_n whereupon_o he_o rest_v and_o among_o the_o variable_a event_n of_o war_n many_o unexpected_a occasion_n arise_v which_o present_a victory_n to_o he_o that_o be_v ready_a to_o take_v it_o and_o many_o strange_a chance_n so_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o thing_n that_o no_o foresight_n can_v discern_v what_o may_v happen_v with_o these_o and_o the_o like_a remonstrance_n this_o question_n of_o no_o less_o doubt_n than_o importance_n be_v handle_v by_o two_o famous_a and_o worthy_a captain_n who_o mind_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v entangle_v with_o such_o particular_a affection_n for_o the_o present_a as_o may_v rather_o draw_v they_o to_o wrest_v reason_n to_o their_o own_o humour_n then_o to_o determine_v in_o sincerity_n of_o judgement_n upon_o what_o specialty_n the_o truth_n be_v ground_v in_o the_o contrariety_n of_o their_o position_n but_o to_o leave_v other_o commodity_n or_o disadvantage_n which_o be_v annex_v unto_o either_o part_n i_o will_v only_o set_v down_o some_o reason_n to_o prove_v how_o valour_n and_o courage_n may_v either_o grow_v or_o be_v abate_v by_o the_o accident_n which_o rise_v in_o a_o war_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o first_o this_o can_v be_v deny_v the_o testimony_n of_o a_o unfallible_a truth_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o property_n of_o man_n nature_n that_o as_o advantage_n bring_v hope_n of_o victory_n and_o hope_n conceive_v such_o spirit_n as_o usual_o follow_v when_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v hope_v for_o be_v effect_v and_o thereby_o the_o courage_n become_v hardy_a and_o resolute_a in_o victory_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n disadvantage_n and_o danger_n breed_v fear_n and_o fear_v so_o check_v valour_n and_o control_v the_o spirit_n that_o virtue_n and_o honour_n give_v place_n to_o distrust_n and_o yield_v up_o their_o interest_n to_o such_o director_n as_o can_v afford_v nothing_o but_o diffidencie_n &_o irresolution_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o he_o that_o set_v upon_o a_o enemy_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o so_o prevent_v such_o attempt_n as_o may_v be_v make_v upon_o his_o own_o territory_n have_v that_o advantage_n which_o give_v life_n unto_o action_n and_o steel_v his_o enterprise_n with_o resolution_n for_o beside_o the_o commodity_n of_o leave_v when_o he_o list_v and_o proceed_v as_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v find_v his_o mean_n able_a to_o fortunate_a his_o attempt_n he_o know_v that_o the_o strife_n and_o controversy_n be_v not_o for_o his_o native_a country_n which_o he_o quiet_o enjoy_v and_o be_v reserve_v at_o all_o time_n to_o entertain_v he_o howsoever_o fortune_n shall_v favour_v his_o design_n but_o for_o a_o stranger_n kingdom_n which_o his_o ambition_n thirst_v after_o wherein_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o riches_n and_o wealth_n of_o that_o state_n be_v lay_v before_o they_o as_o the_o recompense_n of_o their_o labour_n beside_o the_o honour_n which_o be_v achieve_v thereby_o every_o man_n valour_n soar_v at_o a_o high_a pitch_n and_o their_o courage_n be_v increase_v without_o any_o trouble_n or_o disturbance_n of_o the_o other_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o when_o a_o prince_n shall_v be_v assault_v in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o his_o subject_n have_v his_o land_n consume_v with_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n the_o danger_n will_v so_o disturb_v the_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o through_o the_o turbulent_a disorder_n of_o the_o weak_a part_n the_o better_a faculty_n will_v lose_v their_o prerogative_n of_o advise_v how_o the_o enemy_n may_v be_v best_a resist_v when_o as_o every_o man_n shall_v apprehend_v the_o terror_n of_o the_o danger_n and_o few_o or_o none_o conceive_v the_o true_a mean_n to_o avoid_v it_o and_o albeit_o the_o presence_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v dear_a to_o his_o soul_n as_o the_o piety_n and_o respect_n of_o age_a parent_n the_o tender_a affection_n towards_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v valour_n to_o the_o high_a point_n of_o resolution_n yet_o the_o motive_n be_v of_o such_o weight_n as_o will_v rather_o make_v they_o diffident_a of_o their_o own_o worth_n as_o unsufficient_a to_o maintain_v so_o great_a a_o cause_n then_o hold_v they_o in_o that_o key_n which_o true_a honour_n affect_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o terror_n and_o fear_n of_o so_o great_a a_o danger_n will_v present_v a_o great_a measure_n of_o woe_n to_o their_o mind_n than_o the_o hope_n of_o victory_n can_v afford_v they_o joy_n hence_o therefore_o grow_v the_o difference_n between_o he_o that_o seek_v to_o maintain_v that_o estate_n which_o he_o have_v in_o possession_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o a_o other_o that_o seek_v to_o increase_v his_o mean_n by_o valour_n for_o the_o former_a be_v present_v with_o the_o danger_n of_o lose_v all_o his_o estate_n which_o affright_v and_o trouble_v have_v no_o other_o reward_n propound_v unto_o he_o and_o the_o other_o look_v upon_o the_o advantage_n which_o he_o gain_v by_o overcome_v which_o much_o increase_v his_o valour_n without_o any_o loss_n or_o disadvantage_n if_o he_o chance_v to_o be_v put_v to_o the_o worst_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v always_o great_a odds_n between_o he_o that_o have_v already_o lose_v his_o good_n and_o be_v by_o that_o mean_n become_v desperate_a have_v nothing_o further_a to_o loose_v and_o another_o that_o yet_o keep_v his_o substance_n but_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o loose_v it_o for_o fear_n will_v so_o dismay_v his_o mind_n that_o he_o will_v rather_o distrust_v his_o own_o ability_n then_o entertain_v a_o resolution_n of_o valour_n to_o prove_v this_o we_o need_v not_o seek_v other_o example_n than_o those_o imperial_a city_n in_o who_o cause_n this_o controversy_n be_v first_o move_v for_o when_o hannibal_n be_v come_v into_o italy_n and_o have_v defeat_v sempronius_n the_o consul_n at_o trebeas_n the_o roman_n be_v drive_v into_o such_o a_o ecstasy_n of_o terror_n that_o they_o believe_v very_o that_o the_o enemy_n be_v then_o come_v to_o assault_v the_o city_n neither_o have_v they_o any_o hope_n or_o aid_v in_o themselves_o to_o keep_v or_o defend_v the_o same_o on_o the_o other_o side_n scipio_n be_v no_o soon_o land_v in_o africa_n but_o there_o be_v such_o a_o tumult_n in_o carthage_n as_o though_o the_o city_n have_v be_v already_o take_v neither_o can_v the_o opinion_n of_o victory_n which_o hannibal_n by_o a_o conquer_a army_n in_o italy_n have_v confirm_v for_o sixteen_o year_n together_o prevail_v in_o the_o apprehension_n of_o so_o imminent_a a_o danger_n and_o then_o that_o which_o fabius_n borrow_v of_o nature_n to_o teach_v the_o roman_n that_o first_o man_n ought_v to_o defend_v their_o own_o before_o they_o seek_v other_o man_n possession_n be_v careful_o follow_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n for_o with_o all_o speed_n they_o send_v for_o hannibal_n out_o of_o italy_n to_o be_v their_o champion_n against_o young_a scipio_n if_o therefore_o other_o thing_n be_v correspondent_a as_o there_o be_v many_o other_o particularity_n concern_v the_o power_n and_o strength_n of_o either_o nation_n
he_o send_v also_o q._n titurius_n sabinus_n with_o three_o legion_n unto_o the_o lexovij_fw-la curiosolitae_n vnelli_n to_o disappoint_v any_o practice_n which_o rebellious_a mind_n may_v intend_v and_o make_v d._n brutus_n chief_a admiral_n of_o the_o navy_n he_o give_v he_o in_o charge_n to_o make_v towards_o vannes_n with_o what_o speed_n he_o can_v and_o he_o himself_o march_v thitherward_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o foot_n force_n the_o observation_n in_o the_o first_o book_n i_o observe_v the_o authority_n which_o the_o roman_a leader_n have_v to_o undertake_v a_o war_n without_o further_a acquaint_v the_o senate_n with_o the_o consequence_n thereof_o in_o this_o place_n let_v we_o observe_v the_o care_n and_o circumspection_n which_o the_o general_n have_v not_o to_o undertake_v a_o troublesome_a and_o dangerous_a war_n upon_o a_o humour_n or_o any_o other_o slender_a motion_n but_o diligent_o weigh_v the_o circumstance_n thereof_o and_o measure_v the_o peril_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o war_n with_o the_o good_a and_o consequence_n of_o the_o effect_n inform_v their_o judgment_n of_o the_o importance_n of_o that_o action_n and_o so_o try_v whether_o the_o benefit_n will_v answer_v their_o labour_n and_o thus_o we_o find_v the_o reason_n particular_o deliver_v that_o move_v caesar_n first_o to_o undertake_v the_o helvetian_a war_n and_o then_o the_o cause_n which_o draw_v he_o on_o to_o the_o quarrel_n with_o ariovistus_fw-la then_o follow_v the_o necessity_n of_o that_o war_n with_o the_o belgae_n and_o now_o the_o motive_n which_o induce_v he_o to_o this_o with_o the_o maritimate_a city_n of_o bretaine_n and_o so_o consequent_o of_o his_o passage_n into_o germany_n or_o what_o other_o enterprise_n he_o attempt_v which_o he_o lay_v down_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o occasion_n of_o those_o war_n and_o can_v not_o be_v avoid_v but_o with_o the_o loss_n and_o dishonour_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n further_o let_v we_o observe_v the_o mean_n he_o use_v to_o prevent_v the_o inclination_n of_o the_o gall_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o in_o subjection_n and_o peaceable_a obedience_n by_o send_v his_o man_n into_o diverse_a quarter_n of_o that_o continent_n and_o so_o settle_v the_o waver_a disposition_n of_o the_o further_a skirt_n with_o the_o weight_n of_o his_o army_n and_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o legionarie_a soldier_n which_o he_o send_v ready_a to_o stifle_v all_o motion_n of_o rebellion_n in_o the_o beginning_n that_o they_o may_v not_o break_v out_o to_o the_o prejudice_n and_o diminution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o the_o good_a success_n of_o his_o proceed_n beside_o the_o advantage_n which_o he_o gain_v in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o he_o so_o little_o fear_v concern_v the_o upshot_n of_o that_o quarrel_n that_o he_o have_v disperse_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n upon_o other_o service_n the_o rest_n be_v sufficient_a to_o end_v that_o war_n chap._n vi_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o ship_n and_o their_o sea-fight_n the_o scite_fw-la caesar_n of_o almost_o all_o these_o city_n be_v such_o that_o be_v build_v in_o point_n and_o promontory_n they_o can_v not_o at_o full_a sea_n which_o happen_v always_o twice_o in_o 12_o hour_n be_v approach_v by_o foot_n force_n nor_o yet_o with_o ship_v neither_o for_o again_o in_o a_o ebb_n the_o vessalle_n be_v lay_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o leave_v as_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o if_o the_o roman_n go_v about_o to_o shut_v out_o the_o sea_n with_o mount_n which_o they_o raise_v equal_a to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n and_o be_v at_o the_o point_n of_o enter_v &_o take_v it_o yet_o the_o townsman_n have_v such_o store_n of_o ship_v will_v easy_o convey_v both_o themselves_o and_o their_o carriage_n into_o the_o next_o town_n and_o there_o help_v themselves_o with_o the_o like_a advantage_n of_o place_n and_o thus_o they_o delude_v caesar_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o summer_n for_o the_o roman_a fleet_n by_o reason_n of_o continual_a wind_n and_o foul_a weather_n dare_v not_o adventure_v to_o put_v out_o of_o the_o river_n loier_n into_o so_o vast_a a_o sea_n wherein_o the_o haven_n and_o road_n be_v few_o and_o far_o distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o the_o tide_n great_a the_o ship_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v thus_o build_v and_o rig_v the_o keel_n be_v somewhat_o flatter_v then_o the_o roman_a ship_v the_o better_a to_o bear_v the_o ebb_n and_o shalowe_n of_o that_o coast_n the_o foredecke_v be_v altogether_o erect_v and_o perpendicular_a the_o poop_n be_v make_v to_o bear_v the_o hugeness_n of_o the_o billow_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o tempest_n and_o in_o a_o word_n they_o be_v altogether_o build_v for_o strength_n for_o the_o rib_n and_o seat_n be_v make_v of_o beam_n of_o a_o foot_n square_a fasten_v with_o iron_n pin_n of_o a_o inch_n thick_a in_o steed_n of_o cable_n they_o use_v chain_n of_o iron_n and_o raw_a hide_n and_o skin_n for_o sail_n either_o for_o want_v of_o linen_n or_o ignorant_a of_o the_o use_n thereof_o or_o because_o sail_n of_o linen_n will_v hardly_o serve_v to_o carry_v ship_n of_o that_o burden_n the_o meeting_n and_o conflict_n of_o the_o roman_a navy_n with_o this_o kind_n of_o ship_n be_v such_o that_o they_o only_o excel_v they_o in_o celerity_n and_o speedy_a nimbleness_n with_o force_n of_o oar_n but_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n either_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n or_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o foul_a weather_n be_v far_o inferior_a unto_o they_o for_o the_o strength_n of_o they_o be_v such_o that_o they_o can_v neither_o hurt_v they_o with_o their_o beake-head_n nor_o cast_v a_o weapon_n to_o any_o purpose_n into_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o altitude_n and_o high_o build_v bulk_n and_o if_o any_o gust_n chance_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o rise_v that_o force_v they_o to_o commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o weather_n their_o ship_n will_v better_o bear_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o with_o great_a safety_n shelter_v itself_o among_o flat_n and_o shallows_n without_o fear_n of_o rock_n or_o any_o such_o hazard_n of_o all_o which_o chance_v the_o roman_a navy_n stand_v continual_o in_o danger_n observation_n and_o here_o sea_n let_v it_o not_o seem_v impertinent_a to_o the_o argument_n which_o we_o handle_v consider_v the_o general_a use_n which_o we_o insulairs_n have_v of_o navigation_n brief_o to_o set_v down_o the_o most_o eminent_a cause_n of_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o shall_v seem_v necessary_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o soldier_n which_o albeit_o may_v fall_v short_a of_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o this_o great_a secret_a yet_o for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o stand_v for_o true_a principle_n of_o regularitie_n and_o well_o approve_a rule_n in_o our_o art_n of_o navigation_n let_v we_o take_v they_o for_o no_o less_o than_o they_o effect_v and_o give_v they_o that_o credit_n in_o our_o imagination_n which_o tract_n of_o time_n have_v gain_v to_o those_o forge_a circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n that_o albeit_o their_o chief_a essence_n consist_v in_o conceit_n and_o supposal_n yet_o for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o serve_v to_o direct_v our_o knowledge_n to_o a_o certainty_n in_o that_o variety_n and_o seem_a inconstancy_n of_o motion_n we_o esteem_v of_o they_o as_o they_o effect_v and_o not_o as_o they_o be_v consider_v then_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n as_o it_o make_v a_o right_a sphere_n for_o in_o that_o position_n the_o naturaliste_n chief_o understand_v celestial_a influence_n to_o have_v operation_n in_o this_o liquid_a element_n of_o the_o water_n it_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o horizon_n and_o meridian_n into_o four_o quarter_n the_o first_o quarter_n be_v that_o between_o the_o east_n horizon_n and_o the_o noon_n meridian_n which_o they_o call_v a_o flow_a quarter_n the_o second_o from_o the_o noon_n meridian_n to_o the_o west_n horizon_n which_o they_o make_v a_o ebb_a quarter_n the_o three_o from_o the_o west_n horizon_n to_o the_o midnight_n meridian_n which_o they_o likewise_o call_v a_o flow_a quarter_n and_o again_o from_o the_o midnight_n meridian_n to_o the_o east_n horizon_n the_o second_o ebb_a quarter_n and_o so_o they_o make_v two_o flow_a quarter_n and_o two_o ebb_a quarter_n of_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o heaven_n the_o instrument_n of_o these_o sensible_a quality_n and_o contrary_a effect_n be_v the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n as_o they_o be_v carry_v through_o these_o distinct_a part_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o although_o experience_n have_v note_v the_o moon_n to_o be_v of_o great_a power_n in_o warrie_a motion_n yet_o we_o may_v not_o omit_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o force_n which_o the_o sun_n yield_v in_o this_o miracle_n of_o nature_n first_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o when_o the_o
spend_v in_o all_o 18_o day_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o own_o honour_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o return_v into_o gallia_n and_o break_v up_o the_o bridge_n chap._n viii_o caesar_n think_v of_o a_o voyage_n into_o brittany_n he_o enquire_v of_o merchant_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o people_n although_o the_o summer_n be_v almost_o spend_v caesar_n and_o that_o in_o those_o part_n the_o winter_n hasten_v on_o a_o pace_n inasmuch_o as_o all_o gallia_n incline_v to_o the_o north_n notwithstanding_o he_o resolve_v to_o go_v over_o into_o brittany_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o in_o all_o the_o former_a war_n of_o gallia_n the_o enemy_n have_v receive_v most_o of_o their_o supply_n from_o thence_o and_o although_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o finish_v that_o war_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o will_v be_v to_o good_a purpose_n if_o he_o go_v only_o to_o view_v the_o island_n to_o understand_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o know_v their_o coast_n their_o port_n and_o their_o land_a place_n whereof_o the_o gall_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a for_o seldom_o any_o man_n but_o merchant_n do_v travel_n unto_o they_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n discover_v but_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o those_o region_n which_o be_v opposite_a unto_o gallia_n and_o therefore_o call_v merchant_n together_o from_o all_o quarter_n he_o neither_o can_v understand_v of_o what_o quantity_n the_o island_n be_v what_o nation_n or_o of_o what_o power_n they_o be_v that_o inhabit_v it_o what_o use_n or_o experience_n of_o war_n they_o have_v what_o law_n or_o custom_n they_o use_v nor_o what_o haven_n they_o have_v to_o receive_v a_o navy_n of_o great_a ship_n observation_n as_o the_o german_n have_v oftentimes_o stir_v up_o motion_n of_o rebellion_n among_o the_o gall_n by_o send_v their_o superfluous_a multitude_n into_o their_o kingdom_n so_o the_o britain_n be_v have_v uphold_v most_o of_o their_o war_n by_o furnish_v they_o with_o such_o supply_n as_o from_o time_n to_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o so_o that_o if_o caesar_n or_o the_o roman_a people_n will_v rest_v secure_a of_o their_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a government_n in_o gallia_n as_o they_o have_v chastise_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o german_n &_o send_v they_o back_o again_o with_o great_a loss_n than_o gain_n so_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v the_o britain_n know_v that_o their_o assistance_n in_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n will_v draw_v more_o business_n upon_o they_o than_o they_o be_v well_o able_a to_o manage_v for_o as_o i_o have_v note_v in_o my_o former_a discourse_n the_o cause_n of_o a_o unpeaceable_a government_n be_v as_o well_o external_a and_o foreign_a as_o internal_a and_o breed_v in_o the_o body_n which_o need_v the_o help_n of_o a_o physician_n to_o continue_v the_o body_n in_o a_o perfect_a state_n of_o health_n and_o require_v as_o great_a a_o diligence_n to_o qualify_v their_o malicious_a operation_n as_o any_o internal_a sickness_n whatsoever_o in_o the_o second_o commentary_n i_o brief_o touch_v the_o commodity_n of_o good_a discovery_n but_o because_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n in_o the_o fortunate_a carriage_n of_o a_o war_n i_o will_v once_o again_o by_o this_o example_n of_o caesar_n remember_v a_o general_n not_o to_o be_v negligent_a in_o this_o duty_n suetonius_n in_o the_o life_n of_o our_o caesar_n report_v that_o he_o never_o undertake_v any_o expedition_n but_o he_o first_o receive_v true_a intelligence_n of_o the_o particular_a site_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n as_o also_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o undertake_v the_o voyage_n into_o brittany_n until_o he_o have_v make_v perfect_a discovery_n by_o himself_o of_o the_o magnitude_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o island_n which_o suetonius_n may_v understand_v by_o this_o first_o voyage_n which_o caesar_n will_v needs_o undertake_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o a_o summer_n although_o it_o be_v as_o he_o himself_o say_v but_o to_o discover_v it_o be_v record_v by_o ancient_a writer_n that_o those_o demigod_n that_o govern_v the_o world_n in_o their_o time_n give_v great_a honour_n to_o the_o exercise_n of_o hunt_v as_o the_o perfect_a image_n of_o war_n in_o the_o resemblance_n of_o all_o part_n and_o namely_o in_o the_o discovery_n and_o knowledge_n of_o a_o country_n without_o which_o all_o enterprise_n either_o of_o sport_n in_o hunt_v or_o earnest_n in_o war_n be_v frivolous_a and_o of_o no_o effect_n and_o therefore_o zenophon_n in_o the_o life_n of_o cyrus_n show_v that_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o repetition_n of_o such_o sport_n as_o he_o have_v use_v in_o hunt_v howsoever_o if_o the_o infinite_a example_n register_v in_o history_n how_o by_o the_o dexterity_n of_o some_o leader_n it_o have_v gain_v great_a victory_n &_o through_o the_o negligence_n of_o other_o irrecoverable_a overthrow_n be_v not_o sufficient_a motive_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o this_o duty_n let_v their_o own_o experience_n in_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n manifest_a the_o weakness_n of_o their_o proceed_n when_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o chief_a circumstance_n of_o the_o matter_n they_o have_v in_o hand_n but_o let_v this_o suffice_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o good_a discovery_n and_o let_v we_o learn_v of_o caesar_n what_o be_v principal_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o in_o the_o discovery_n of_o a_o unknown_a country_n as_o first_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o land_n second_o what_o nation_n inhabit_v it_o three_o their_o use_n of_o war_n four_a their_o civil_a government_n and_o last_o what_o haven_n they_o have_v to_o receive_v a_o navy_n of_o great_a ship_n all_o which_o circumstance_n be_v such_o principal_a artery_n in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o state_n that_o the_o discovery_n of_o any_o one_o of_o these_o demand_n will_v have_v give_v great_a light_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n chap._n ix_o caesar_n send_v c._n volusenus_n to_o discover_v the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n and_o prepare_v himself_o for_o that_o voyage_n caesar_z send_v out_o caius_n volusenus_n monstrell_n with_o a_o galley_n to_o discover_v what_o he_o can_v concern_v these_o thing_n and_o to_o return_v again_o unto_o he_o very_o speedy_o he_o himself_o march_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n with_o all_o his_o force_n unto_o the_o morini_n forasmuch_o as_o from_o thence_o lay_v the_o short_a cut_n into_o brittany_n thither_o he_o command_v that_o ship_n shall_v be_v bring_v from_o all_o the_o maritimate_a city_n of_o that_o quarter_n and_o namely_o that_o fleet_n which_o he_o have_v build_v the_o year_n before_o for_o the_o war_n at_o vannes_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n his_o resolution_n be_v know_v and_o carry_v into_o brittany_n by_o merchant_n and_o other_o many_o private_a state_n of_o that_o island_n send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o promise_v he_o hostage_n of_o their_o loyalty_n and_o signify_v their_o readiness_n to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n to_o these_o he_o make_v liberal_a promise_n exhort_v they_o to_o continue_v in_o that_o obedience_n and_o so_o send_v they_o back_o again_o and_o with_o they_o he_o send_v comius_n who_o he_o have_v make_v king_n of_o arras_n who_o wisdom_n and_o virtue_n he_o hold_v in_o good_a account_n and_o know_v it_o to_o be_v of_o great_a authority_n in_o those_o region_n to_o he_o he_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o go_v to_o as_o many_o of_o the_o state_n as_o he_o can_v and_o persuade_v they_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o that_o caesar_n himself_o will_v present_o follow_v after_o volusenus_n have_v take_v what_o view_n of_o the_o country_n he_o can_v for_o he_o dare_v not_o go_v on_o shore_n to_o commit_v himself_o to_o the_o barbarism_n of_o the_o enemy_n after_o five_o day_n return_v to_o caesar_n and_o while_o he_o stay_v in_o those_o place_n for_o the_o furnish_n of_o his_o fleet_n the_o morini_n send_v messenger_n unto_o he_o excuse_v their_o former_a fault_n and_o manifest_v their_o readiness_n to_o obey_v his_o mandate_n caesar_n not_o willing_a to_o leave_v any_o enemy_n behind_o he_o or_o to_o neglect_v his_o voyage_n into_o brittany_n for_o such_o small_a matter_n he_o willing_o accept_v of_o their_o submission_n have_v first_o receive_v many_o hostage_n of_o they_o and_o have_v make_v ready_a eighty_o ship_n of_o burden_n which_o he_o think_v sufficient_a to_o transport_v two_o legion_n he_o divide_v the_o galley_n to_o the_o quaestor_n the_o legate_n and_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o horse_n there_o be_v also_o eighteen_o ship_n of_o burden_n more_o which_o lie_v windbound_v at_o a_o port_n eight_o mile_n off_o
and_o as_o zonaras_n in_o his_o second_o tome_n say_v be_v never_o give_v but_o upon_o some_o great_a exploit_n and_o after_o a_o just_a victory_n obtain_v and_o then_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o enemy_n overthrow_v the_o general_n be_v salute_v by_o the_o name_n of_o imperator_n with_o the_o triumphant_a shout_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n by_o which_o acclamation_n the_o soldier_n give_v testimony_n of_o his_o worth_n and_o make_v it_o equivalent_a with_o the_o most_o fortunate_a commander_n this_o ceremony_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o history_n annal._n and_o namely_o by_o tacitus_n where_o he_o say_v that_o tiberius_n give_v that_o honour_n to_o blesus_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v salute_v imperator_fw-la by_o the_o legion_n which_o he_o show_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a dignity_n belong_v to_o great_a captain_n after_o they_o have_v foil_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o eminent_a overthrow_n for_o every_o victory_n be_v not_o sufficient_a whereby_o they_o may_v challenge_v so_o great_a a_o honour_n but_o there_o be_v require_v as_o it_o seem_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v slay_v apian_a in_o his_o second_o book_n say_v that_o in_o old_a time_n the_o name_n of_o imperator_n be_v never_o take_v but_o upon_o great_a and_o admirable_a exploit_n but_o in_o his_o time_n 10000_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o battle_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o that_o honour_n cicero_n say_v that_o 2000_o slay_v in_o the_o place_n especial_o of_o thracian_n 14._o spaniard_n or_o gall_n do_v worthy_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o imperator_n howsoever_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o same_o author_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n require_v to_o be_v slay_v 9_o where_o he_o say_v se_fw-la insta_fw-la victoria_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la appellatum_fw-la chap._n xi_o the_o britain_n make_v peace_n with_o caesar_n but_o break_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o roman_a ship_v the_o britain_n be_v overthrow_v in_o this_o battle_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o safety_n by_o flight_n they_o present_o dispatch_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o peace_n promise_v hostage_n and_o obedience_n in_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v and_o with_o these_o ambassador_n return_v comius_n of_o arras_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v before_o into_o brittany_n caesar_n complain_v that_o whereas_o they_o send_v unto_o he_o into_o gallia_n to_o desire_v peace_n notwithstanding_o at_o his_o come_n they_o make_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o cause_n or_o reason_n at_o all_o but_o excuse_v it_o by_o their_o ignorance_n he_o command_v hostage_n to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o which_o they_o present_o perform_v in_o part_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v further_o off_o shall_v likewise_o be_v render_v within_o a_o short_a time_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n they_o command_v their_o people_n to_o return_v to_o their_o possession_n and_o their_o ruler_n and_o prince_n come_v out_o of_o all_o quarter_n to_o commend_v themselves_o and_o their_o state_n to_o caesar_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v four_o day_n after_o that_o caesar_n come_v into_o brittany_n the_o eighteen_o ship_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horseman_n put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o gentle_a wind_n and_o approach_v so_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n that_o they_o be_v within_o view_v of_o the_o roman_a camp_n there_o arise_v such_o a_o sudden_a tempest_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v their_o course_n but_o some_o of_o they_o return_v to_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v othersome_a be_v cast_v upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n ward_n and_o there_o cast_v anchor_n take_v in_o such_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o commit_v themselves_o again_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o direct_v their_o course_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o gallia_n the_o same_o night_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o full_a the_o tide_n be_v very_o high_a in_o those_o sea_n whereof_o the_o roman_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a both_o the_o galley_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o upon_o the_o shore_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o tide_n and_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n that_o lie_v at_o anchor_n be_v shake_v with_o the_o tempest_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o help_n to_o be_v give_v unto_o they_o so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v rend_v and_o split_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o rest_n lose_v both_o their_o anchor_n gable_n and_o other_o tackle_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v altogether_o unseruiceable_a whereat_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v exceed_o trouble_v for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ship_v to_o recarrie_v they_o bcke_v again_o neither_o have_v they_o any_o necessary_n to_o new_a furnish_v the_o old_a and_o every_o man_n know_v that_o they_o must_v needs_o winter_n in_o gallia_n for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n of_o corn_n in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v which_o thing_n be_v know_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o brittany_n that_o be_v assemble_v to_o confer_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v they_o to_o perform_v when_o they_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n want_v both_o their_o horseman_n ship_v and_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o conjecture_v of_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o force_n by_o the_o small_a circuit_n of_o their_o camp_n and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o important_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o caesar_n have_v transport_v his_o soldier_n without_o such_o necessary_a carriage_n as_o they_o use_v to_o take_v with_o they_o they_o think_v it_o their_o best_a course_n to_o rebel_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roman_n from_o corn_n and_o convoy_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o prolong_v the_o matter_n until_o winter_n come_v on_o for_o they_o think_v that_o if_o these_o be_v once_o overthrow_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o return_v into_o gallia_n never_o any_o man_n will_v afterward_o adventure_v to_o bring_v a_o army_n into_o brittany_n therefore_o they_o conspire_v again_o the_o second_o time_n and_o convey_v themselves_o by_o stealth_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o get_v their_o man_n privy_o out_o of_o the_o field_n to_o make_v head_n in_o some_o convenient_a place_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o it_o have_v already_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o second_o book_n to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v this_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v how_o the_o roman_n become_v so_o ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a of_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o watery_a element_n be_v altogether_o direct_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o she_o exercise_v her_o regency_n according_a as_o she_o find_v the_o matter_n qualify_v for_o her_o influence_n and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o all_o mediterrean_a sea_n and_o such_o gulf_n as_o be_v enclose_v in_o sinew_n and_o bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v both_o abridge_v of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o course_n and_o through_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o quantity_n be_v not_o so_o capable_a of_o celestial_a power_n as_o the_o ocean_n itself_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o the_o tuskane_n sea_n wherewith_o the_o roman_n be_v chief_o acquaint_v be_v not_o so_o answerable_a in_o effect_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o main_a sea_n who_o bound_n be_v range_v in_o a_o more_o spacious_a circuit_n and_o through_o the_o plenteous_a abundance_n of_o his_o part_n better_a answer_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o ocean_n therefore_o be_v thus_o obedient_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n take_v her_o course_n of_o flow_v from_o the_o north_n fall_v with_o such_o a_o currant_n between_o the_o orcades_n and_o the_o main_a of_o noruegia_n that_o she_o fill_v our_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o france_n with_o great_a swell_a tide_n and_o make_v her_o motion_n more_o eminent_a in_o these_o quarter_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o our_o river_n of_o thames_n lie_v with_o her_o mouth_n so_o ready_a to_o receive_v the_o tide_n as_o it_o come_v and_o have_v withal_o a_o plain_a level_v belly_n and_o a_o very_a small_a fresh_a currant_n take_v the_o tide_n as_o far_o into_o the_o land_n as_o any_o other_o know_v river_n of_o europe_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n in_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n the_o second_o observation_n such_o as_o either_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n or_o otherwise_o by_o observation_n of_o that_o which_o history_n record_v be_v acquaint_v with_o
it_o may_v easy_o be_v seduce_v either_o by_o fear_n or_o vain_a imagination_n diffident_a conception_n or_o over_o easy_a credulity_n with_o many_o other_o such_o disturb_a power_n from_o that_o way_n which_o a_o good_a discretion_n and_o a_o understanding_n free_a from_o passion_n will_v have_v take_v first_o therefore_o i_o hold_v it_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o consistory_n of_o our_o judgement_n well_o settle_v with_o a_o firm_a resolution_n and_o with_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o mind_n before_o we_o enter_v into_o deliberation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v happy_a unto_o we_o by_o good_a direction_n and_o then_o this_o among_o other_o circumstance_n will_v give_v some_o help_n to_o a_o good_a conclusion_n when_o we_o consider_v how_o improbable_a it_o be_v that_o a_o enemy_n who_o chief_a care_n be_v to_o weaken_v his_o adversary_n and_o bring_v he_o to_o ruin_v shall_v advise_v he_o of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v concern_v his_o good_a unless_o the_o profit_n which_o he_o himself_o shall_v thereby_o gather_v do_v far_o exceed_v that_o which_o the_o contrary_a part_n may_v expect_v i_o grant_v that_o in_o civil_a war_n where_o there_o be_v many_o friend_n on_o either_o party_n and_o have_v the_o adverse_a cause_n as_o dear_a unto_o they_o as_o their_o own_o there_o be_v oftentimes_o many_o advertisement_n give_v which_o proceed_v from_o a_o true_a and_o sincere_a affection_n and_o may_v advantage_v the_o party_n who_o it_o concern_v as_o well_o in_o prevent_v any_o danger_n as_o in_o the_o furtherance_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v neglect_v but_o to_o be_v weigh_v by_o circumstance_n and_o according_o to_o be_v respect_v whereof_o we_o have_v many_o pregnant_a example_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n and_o particular_o in_o monsieur_n la_fw-fr nou_n his_o discourse_n but_o where_o there_o be_v two_o army_n different_a in_o nation_n language_n and_o humour_n contend_v for_o that_o which_o peculiar_o belong_v unto_o one_o of_o they_o where_o care_v to_o keep_v that_o which_o be_v dear_a unto_o they_o possess_v the_o one_o and_o hope_v of_o gain_n stir_v up_o the_o other_o there_o be_v common_o such_o a_o universal_a hatred_n between_o they_o that_o they_o be_v to_o look_v for_o small_a advantage_n by_o advertisement_n from_o the_o enemy_n which_o if_o the_o roman_n have_v well_o consider_v this_o subtle_a gall_n have_v not_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o strength_n nor_o bring_v they_o to_o ruin_v chap._n x._o the_o roman_n call_v a_o council_n upon_o this_o advertisement_n and_o resolve_v to_o depart_v and_o join_v themselves_o to_o some_o other_o of_o the_o legion_n the_o roman_n be_v trouble_v at_o the_o suddenness_n of_o the_o matter_n caesar_n albeit_o those_o thing_n be_v speak_v by_o a_o enemy_n yet_o they_o think_v they_o no_o way_n to_o be_v neglect_v but_o especial_o it_o move_v they_o for_o that_o it_o be_v incredible_a that_o the_o eburones_n be_v base_a and_o of_o no_o reputation_n dare_v of_o themselves_o make_v war_n against_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o therefore_o they_o propound_v the_o matter_n in_o a_o council_n wherein_o there_o grow_v a_o great_a controversy_n among_o they_o l._n arunculeius_fw-la and_o most_o of_o the_o tribune_n and_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n think_v it_o not_o good_a to_o conclude_v of_o any_o thing_n rash_o nor_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o their_o winter_v camp_n without_o express_a commandment_n from_o caesar_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v never_o so_o great_a a_o power_n yea_o even_o of_o their_o german_n have_v the_o garizon_n well_o fortify_v a_o argument_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o have_v valiant_o withstand_v the_o first_o assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o give_v they_o many_o wound_n neither_o want_v they_o any_o victual_n and_o before_o that_o provision_n which_o they_o have_v be_v spend_v there_o will_v come_v succour_n from_o other_o garizon_n and_o from_o caesar_n and_o to_o conclude_v what_o be_v more_o dishonourable_a or_o savor_v of_o great_a inconstancy_n then_o to_o consult_v of_o their_o weighty_a affair_n by_o the_o advertisement_n of_o a_o enemy_n titurius_n urge_v vehementlie_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o it_o then_o will_v be_v too_o late_o for_o they_o to_o seek_v a_o remedy_n when_o a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o enemy_n accompany_v with_o the_o german_n be_v assemble_v against_o they_o or_o when_o any_o blow_n be_v give_v to_o any_o of_o the_o next_o winter_v camp_n he_o take_v caesar_n to_o be_v go_v into_o italy_n for_o otherwise_o the_o eburones_n will_v not_o have_v come_v so_o proud_o to_o the_o camp_n let_v they_o not_o respect_v the_o author_n but_o the_o thing_n itself_o the_o rhine_n be_v not_o far_o off_o and_o he_o know_v well_o that_o the_o overthrow_n of_o ariovistus_fw-la and_o their_o former_a victory_n be_v grievous_a to_o the_o german_n the_o gall_n be_v vex_v with_o the_o contumely_n they_o have_v receive_v be_v bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o have_v lose_v their_o former_a reputation_n in_o deed_n of_o arm_n and_o to_o conclude_v who_o will_v imagine_v that_o ambiorix_n shall_v enterprise_v such_o a_o matter_n without_o any_o ground_n or_o certainty_n thereof_o but_o howsoever_o thing_n stand_v his_o counsel_n be_v sure_a and_o can_v bring_v no_o harm_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o worse_a thing_n intend_v they_o shall_v but_o go_v safe_o to_o the_o next_o garizon_n or_o otherwise_o if_o the_o gall_n conspire_v with_o the_o german_n their_o only_a safety_n consist_v in_o celerity_n as_o for_o the_o counsel_n of_o cotta_n and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n what_o expectation_n can_v be_v have_v thereof_o wherein_o if_o there_o be_v not_o present_a danger_n yet_o assure_o famine_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v by_o long_a siege_n the_o disputation_n be_v thus_o continue_v on_o either_o part_n and_o cotta_n with_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n earnest_o repugn_v it_o do_v as_o please_v you_o since_o you_o will_v needs_o have_v it_o so_o say_v sabinus_n and_o that_o he_o speak_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o soldier_n may_v well_o hear_v he_o for_o i_o be_o not_o he_o that_o most_o fear_v death_n among_o you_o let_v these_o be_v wise_a and_o if_o any_o mischance_n happen_v unto_o they_o they_o shall_v ask_v account_n thereof_o at_o thy_o hand_n inasmuch_o as_o if_o thou_o will_v let_v they_o they_o may_v join_v themselves_o within_o 2._o day_n to_o the_o next_o garizon_n &_o with_o they_o sustain_v what_o chance_n soever_o their_o common_a destiny_n shall_v allot_v they_o and_o not_o perish_v with_o famine_n and_o sword_n like_o a_o people_n cast_v off_o and_o abandon_v from_o their_o fellow_n after_o these_o word_n they_o begin_v to_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o council_n but_o hold_v be_v lay_v upon_o they_o both_o entreaty_n be_v make_v that_o they_o will_v not_o obstinate_o bring_v all_o unto_o a_o desperate_a hazard_n the_o matter_n be_v all_o one_o whether_o they_o go_v or_o stay_v so_o that_o they_o all_o agree_v upon_o one_o thing_n whereas_o in_o disagree_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n of_o well_o do_v the_o disputation_n be_v prolong_v until_o midnight_n at_o length_n cotta_n yield_v and_o the_o sentence_n of_o sabinus_n take_v place_n and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v proclaim_v that_o they_o shall_v set_v forth_o by_o the_o break_n of_o day_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o night_n be_v spend_v in_o watch_v every_o soldior_fw-la seek_v out_o what_o he_o have_v to_o carry_v with_o he_o and_o what_o he_o shall_v be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v behind_o he_o of_o such_o necessary_n as_o he_o have_v prepare_v for_o winter_n all_o thing_n be_v dispose_v in_o such_o sort_n to_o make_v the_o soldier_n believe_v that_o they_o can_v not_o stay_v without_o danger_n observation_n by_o the_o resolution_n in_o this_o disputation_n it_o appear_v how_o little_a a_o grave_n and_o wise_a deliberation_n avail_v when_o it_o be_v impugn_a with_o the_o violence_n of_o passion_n according_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o my_o former_a observation_n for_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o reason_v by_o cotta_n and_o his_o position_n be_v ground_v upon_o thing_n certain_a and_o well_o know_v to_o the_o whole_a council_n and_o yet_o the_o fear_n of_o sabinus_n be_v such_o that_o it_o carry_v the_o conclusion_n by_o such_o suppose_a assertion_n as_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o passion_n have_v ratify_v for_o true_a principle_n be_v ground_v altogether_o upon_o that_o which_o the_o enemy_n have_v suggest_v and_o not_o upon_o any_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n neither_o be_v it_o often_o see_v when_o a_o council_n dispute_v upon_o matter_n of_o such_o consequence_n that_o their_o deliberation_n be_v altogether_o clear_a from_o such_o troublesome_a motion_n but_o that_o it_o will_v
with_o loss_n and_o dishonour_n when_o as_o they_o measure_v the_o humour_n of_o their_o poor_a needy_a and_o undisciplined_a soldier_n by_o the_o garb_n of_o their_o ambitious_a thought_n and_o so_o lay_v such_o project_n of_o difficulty_n as_o be_v very_o unsuitable_a in_o the_o particularity_n of_o occurrence_n to_o that_o which_o their_o soldier_n be_v fit_a to_o execute_v chap._n xix_o the_o emulation_n between_o two_o centurion_n pulfio_n and_o varenus_n with_o their_o fortune_n in_o the_o encounter_n there_o be_v in_o that_o legion_n two_o valiant_a man_n titus_n pulfio_n and_o l._n varenus_n centurion_n come_v on_o a_o pace_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o first_o order_n these_o two_o be_v at_o continual_a debate_n which_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v prefer_v one_o before_o another_o &_o every_o year_n contend_v for_o place_n of_o preferment_n with_o much_o strife_n and_o emulation_n pulfio_n at_o a_o time_n that_o the_o fortification_n be_v very_o sharp_o assault_v call_v to_o varenus_n and_o ask_v he_o why_o he_o now_o stand_v doubtful_a or_o what_o other_o place_n he_o do_v look_v for_o to_o make_v trial_n of_o his_o manhood_n this_o be_v the_o day_n say_v he_o that_o shall_v decide_v our_o controversy_n and_o when_o he_o have_v speak_v these_o word_n he_o go_v out_o of_o the_o fortification_n and_o where_o he_o see_v the_o enemy_n thick_a he_o fierce_o set_v upon_o they_o then_o can_v not_o varenus_n hold_v himself_o within_o the_o rampire_n but_o follow_v after_o in_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n pulfio_n cast_v his_o pile_n at_o the_o enemy_n and_o strike_v one_o of_o the_o multitude_n through_o that_o come_v run_v out_o against_o he_o he_o be_v slay_v all_o cast_v their_o weapon_n at_o he_o give_v no_o respite_n or_o time_n of_o retreat_n pulfio_n have_v his_o target_n strike_v through_o and_o the_o dart_n stick_v fast_o in_o his_o girdle_n this_o chance_n turn_v aside_o his_o scabbard_n and_o hinder_v his_o right_a hand_n from_o pull_v out_o his_o sword_n in_o which_o disadvantage_n the_o enemy_n press_v hard_o upon_o he_o varenus_n come_v and_o rescue_v he_o immediate_o the_o whole_a multitude_n think_v pulfio_n to_o be_v slay_v with_o the_o dart_n turn_v to_o varenus_n who_o speedy_o betake_v he_o to_o his_o sword_n and_o come_v to_o handy-stroke_n and_o have_v slay_v one_o he_o put_v the_o rest_n somewhat_o back_o but_o as_o he_o follow_v overhaste_o upon_o they_o he_o fall_v down_o he_o do_v pulfio_n rescue_v cicero_n besiege_a be_v circumvent_v and_o in_o danger_n and_o so_o both_o of_o they_o have_v slay_v many_o of_o the_o enemy_n retire_v to_o their_o camp_n in_o safety_n to_o their_o great_a honour_n thus_o fortune_n carry_v as_o well_o the_o contention_n as_o the_o encounter_n of_o they_o both_o that_o be_v enemy_n they_o nevertheless_o give_v help_v to_o save_v each_o other_o life_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v which_o of_o they_o deserve_v great_a honour_n observation_n caesar_n insert_v this_o accident_n of_o the_o two_o centurion_n as_o worthy_a to_o be_v relate_v among_o the_o deed_n of_o arm_n contain_v in_o these_o commentary_n wherein_o we_o be_v first_o to_o observe_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o quarrel_n which_o be_v their_o continual_a strife_n for_o place_n of_o preferment_n which_o they_o seek_v after_o by_o show_v their_o valour_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o approve_v their_o worth_n by_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o desert_n a_o contention_n worthy_a the_o roman_a discipline_n and_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o pattern_n of_o true_a honour_n full_a of_o courage_n accomplish_v with_o virtue_n for_o these_o simultates_fw-la which_o desire_v of_o honour_n have_v cast_v between_o they_o bring_v forth_o emulation_n which_o be_v the_o spur_n of_o virtue_n far_o from_o enmity_n or_o hateful_a contention_n for_o the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o quality_n be_v that_o enmity_n hunt_v after_o destruction_n and_o only_o rejoice_v in_o that_o which_o bring_v to_o our_o adversary_n utter_a ruin_n dishonour_n or_o ill_a achievement_n but_o emulation_n contend_v only_o by_o well_o deserve_v to_o gain_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o other_o man_n fame_n that_o use_v the_o same_o mean_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o like_a end_n and_o be_v always_o mix_v with_o love_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o affinity_n of_o their_o affection_n and_o the_o sympathy_n of_o their_o desire_n not_o seek_v the_o overthrow_n of_o their_o competitor_n but_o succour_v he_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o defend_v he_o from_o foul_a and_o unfortunate_a calamity_n that_o he_o may_v still_o continue_v to_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o his_o worth_n by_o the_o opposition_n of_o inferior_a action_n which_o be_v as_o a_o lesser_a scantling_n of_o desert_n to_o measure_v the_o estimation_n of_o the_o other_o honour_n a_o virtue_n rare_a and_o unknown_a in_o these_o day_n and_o will_v hardly_o find_v subject_n to_o be_v resident_a in_o if_o she_o shall_v offer_v she_o help_v in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o affair_n or_o sue_v to_o be_v entertain_v by_o the_o crooked_a disposition_n of_o our_o time_n for_o we_o can_v no_o soon_o conceive_v the_o thought_n that_o breed_v emulation_n but_o it_o turn_v present_o to_o hatred_n which_o be_v follow_v to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o our_o malice_n and_o rest_v better_a satisfy_v with_o the_o miserable_a end_n of_o our_o oppose_a partner_n then_o with_o thousand_o of_o trophy_n deserve_o erect_v to_o our_o honour_n which_o make_v i_o wonder_v when_o i_o look_v into_o the_o difference_n of_o these_o and_o those_o age_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o discipline_n of_o that_o time_n which_o bring_v forth_o such_o honest_a effect_n of_o virtue_n to_o their_o glory_n and_o our_o ignominy_n have_v learn_v better_a rule_n than_o be_v know_v unto_o they_o or_o whether_o the_o world_n weaken_v with_o age_n want_v strength_n in_o these_o time_n to_o bring_v forth_o her_o creature_n in_o that_o perfection_n as_o it_o do_v in_o those_o day_n or_o what_o other_o cause_n have_v make_v our_o worst_a affection_n so_o violent_a and_o our_o better_a faculty_n so_o remiss_a and_o negligent_a that_o virtue_n have_v no_o part_n in_o we_o but_o word_n of_o praise_n our_o whole_a practice_n be_v consecrate_v to_o action_n of_o reproach_n the_o injury_n murder_n scandalous_a carriage_n of_o one_o towards_o a_o other_o which_o in_o these_o day_n be_v so_o ready_o offer_v and_o so_o impatientlie_o digest_v will_v admit_v no_o satisfaction_n but_o private_a combat_n which_o in_o the_o first_o monarchy_n be_v grant_v only_o against_o stranger_n and_o foreign_a enemy_n as_o the_o only_a object_n of_o arm_n and_o wrath_n and_o capable_a of_o that_o justice_n which_o the_o private_a sword_n shall_v execute_v for_o they_o well_o perceive_v that_o these_o single_a battle_n be_v as_o sparkle_n of_o civil_a discord_n and_o intestine_a war_n although_o not_o so_o apparent_a in_o the_o general_a view_n of_o their_o state_n yet_o as_o 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