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cause_n know_v see_v time_n 3,848 5 3.4906 3 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A26232 Observations upon some part of Sr Francis Bacon's Naturall history as it concernes fruit-trees, fruits, and flowers especially the fifth, sixth, and seaventh centuries, improving the experiments mentioned, to the best advantage / by R.A. Austen, practiser in the art of planting. Austen, Ralph, d. 1676.; Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. Sylva sylvarum. 1658 (1658) Wing A4234; ESTC R13917 44,554 57

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acquaint_v with_o they_o and_o know_v their_o good_a property_n and_o virtue_n in_o reference_n to_o health_n and_o long●life_o they_o will_v be_v more_o diligent_a in_o plant_v fruit-tree_n such_o as_o be_v best_a and_o fit_a for_o this_o purpose_n as_o the_o pear●-maine_n pippin_n g●nnet-moyle_n redstreake_n and_o such_o like_a whi●h_o make_v cider_n better_o than_o french-wind_n concerning_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v cider_n and_o perry_n with_o the_o k●eping_n and_o o●dering_v of_o it_o i_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o my_o treati●e_n ●f_fw-mi fruit-tree_n see_v the_o use_n of_o fruit_n pag._n 77._o ●●_z a●_z for_o plum_n it_o be_v affirm_v that_o there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o excellent_a wine_n out_o of_o they_o and_o also_o aquavitae_n of_o those_o that_o be_v sweet_a fat_a plum●_n as_o musle_z plum_n damson●_z etc._n etc._n and_o though_o the_o juice_n be_v too_o thi●k_v of_o itself_o for_o that_o purpose_n yet_o water_n cider_n or_o some_o other_o liquor_n may_v be_v mix_v therewi●h_n which_o be_v put_v up_o into_o the_o ves●ell_n some_o honey_n yeast_n or_o the_o like_a must_v be_v mix_v to_o cause_v it_o to_o wo●ke_a 634._o it_o have_v be_v note_v that_o m●st_a tree_n and_o special_o those_o that_o bear_v mast_n be_v ●●ui●full_a but_o once_o in_o two_o yea●es_n the_o cause_n no_o doubt_n be_v the_o expense_n of_o s●p_n for_o many_o orchard_n tree_n well_o cul●ured_v will_v be●re_o divers_a y●ares_v together_o observation_n some_o fruit-tree_n bear_v store_n of_o fruit_n but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v as_o natural_a so_o to_o do_v as_o to_o bear_v such_o or_o such_o a_o k●●d_fw-mi of_o fruit_n and_o other_o be_v observe_v to_o bear_v store_n of_o f●uits_n e●●●y_n year_n constant_o unless_o perhaps_o in_o some_o extreme_a blast●●g_n spring_n which_o spoil_n in_o a_o manner_n all_o but_o for_o many_o ye●●es_n t●gether_o eve●y_v yea●e_n s●me_n be_v know_v to_o bear_v frui●s_n exceed_v full_a in_o the_o same_o ground_n and_o with_o the_o same_o culture_n as_o those_o that_o bear_v but_o each_o other_o year_n so_o that_o we_o see_v the_o expense_n of_o sa●_n in_o the_o ●●aring_a year_n be_v not_o the_o only_a cause_n that_o tree_n bea●e_n not_o the_o next_o year_n ●●ter_n fo●_z some_o that_o expend_v as_o much_o sap_n do_v yet_o bear_v the_o next_o year_n after_o as_o full_a as_o before_o so_o then_o let_v care_n be_v take_v to_o ●h●se_v graf●s_n from_o those_o tree_n that_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n be_v the_o best_a and_o m●st_a const●n●_n bearer_n and_o b●st_a fruit_n ●37_n the_o g●●at●r_n part_n of_o t●ees_n bear_v most_o and_o best_a on_o the_o low_a bough_n but_o some_o bear_v b●st_a on_o the_o t●p_n b●ughes_v those_o that_o bear_v b●st_a below_o be_v ●u●h_n as_o shade_n do_v more_o good_a to_o then_o hurt_v for_o g●n●rally_o all_o fruit_n bea●e_n b●st_a l●west_n b●cau●e_n the_o sap_n tire_v not_o have_v but_o a_o short_a way_n and_o the●efore_o in_o f●uits_n spread_v upon_o wall_n the_o 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branch_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v for_o that_o the_o sap_n natural_o press_v upward_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o run_v forth_o into_o shoot_n and_o branch_n n●w_o nat●re_o be_v so_o intent_n and_o vigorous_o active_a in_o one_o work_n viz._n increase_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o those_o branch_n it_o do_v not_o put_v forth_o itself_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o that_o other_o effect_n of_o bear_v fruit_n upon_o the_o same_o branch_n but_o now_o as_o to_o the_o low_a bough_n and_o side-branche_n there_o na●ure_n be_v at_o work_n but_o in_o a_o r●misse_a and_o weak_a d●gree_n as_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o branch_n such_o grow_v but_o little_a because_o the_o sap_n be_v somewhat_o obstruct_v and_o curb_v by_o bow_v the_o branch_n downward_o and_o so_o do_v attend_v to_o the_o other_o work_n also_o viz._n the_o bear_n of_o fruit_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v make_v more_o evident_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o all_o young_a tree_n we_o know_v young_a 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the_o same_o fruit_n upon_o sweet_a apple-stock_n as_o concerning_o graft_v apple_n on_o colewort_n the_o kernel_n of_o which_o if_o set_v will_v be_v a_o colewort_n if_o the_o thing_n be_v true_a than_o it_o confirm_v what_o have_v be_v assert_v that_o the_o seed_n of_o fruit_n when_o sow_v bring_v forth_o a_o bastard_n fruit_n which_o partake_v as_o well_o of_o the_o stock_n as_o of_o the_o graft_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o seed_n of_o some_o apple_n and_o pear_n may_v bring_v forth_o very_o good_a fruit_n and_o the_o stone_n of_o some_o peach_n may_v bring_v forth_o the_o same_o fruit_n or_o near_o as_o good_a the_o cause_n of_o this_o i_o suppose_v be_v for_o that_o the_o stock_n whereon_o these_o fruit_n be_v graft_v or_o inoculate_v be_v good_a kind_n of_o themselves_o and_o if_o so_o no_o marvel_n though_o the_o seed_n bring_v forth_o good_a fruit_n without_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v and_o i_o very_o believe_v that_o p●aches_n of_o which_o it_o be_v take_v for_o 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i_o suppose_v it_o need_v not_o these_o thing_n to_o make_v it_o fruitful_a for_o i_o never_o know_v any_o of_o they_o fail_v of_o store_n of_o fruit_n every_o year_n bu●white_a mulberry-tree_n with_o we_o have_v need_n enough_o of_o all_o help_n that_o may_v be_v it_o be_v report_v that_o tree_n will_v grow_v great_a and_o bear_v better_a fruit_n 457._o if_o you_o put_v salt_n or_o lees_n of_o wine_n or_o blood_n to_o the_o roo●e_n concerning_o lees_n of_o wine_n wash_n of_o strong_a bear_n observation_n or_o ale_n vessel_n blood_n flesh_n or_o the_o like_a it_o be_v certain_a these_o be_v helpful_a to_o fruit-tree●_n both_o as_o to_o their_o growth_n and_o bear_v if_o seasonably●_z and_o moderate_o use_v especial_o to_o old_a tree_n i_o account_v it_o best_a to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n in_o the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n that_o the_o u●rtue_n may_v soak_v into_o the_o root_n and_o earth_n about_o they_o before_o the_o spring_n terebration_n of_o tree_n as_o it_o make_v they_o prosper_v better_o 463._o so_o also_o it_o be_v find_v that_o it_o make_v fruit_n sweeter●_z and_o better_a by_o cause_v the_o course_v juice_n to_o sweat_v out_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v better_a digest_v terebration_n or_o bore_v hole_n into_o the_o body_n observation_n ●nd_v great_a root_n of_o fruit●trees_n with_o a_o wimble_n or_o awger_n be_v most_o ne●dfull_a as_o i_o judge_v for_o great_a tree_n which_o grow_v upon_o fat_a land_n and_o have_v too_o rank_n nourishment_n and_o may_v be_v unfruitful_a and_o bear_v over_o wat●ish_a fruit_n for_o that_o cause_n that_o may_v help_v to_o let_v out_o some_o of_o the_o raw_a supers●●ous_a sap●_z and_o juice_n as_o a_o ●ssue_n in_o a_o man_n body_n but_o score_n or_o cut_v the_o bark_n of_o yo●●ger_a tree_n under_o twenty_o year_n may_v be_v better_o for_o they_o and_o this_o to_o be_v do_v chief_o in_o the_o spring_n time_n 464._o as_o terebration_n do_v meliorate_a fruit_n so_o do_v let_v of_o plant_n blood_n as_o prick_a vi●es_v for_o other_o tree_n after_o they_o be_v of_o some_o growth_n it_o be_v report_v that_o by_o this_o artifice_n bitter_a almond_n have_v be_v tu●ned_v into_o sweet_a observation_n this_o must_v needs_o have_v the_o like_a e●●ect_n in_o some_o proportion_n as_o those_o particular_n before_o mention_v of_o bore_v with_o wimble_n or_o the_o like_a and_o score_n the_o bark_n with_o a_o kni●e_n in_o the_o sp●●ng_a time_n 4●5_n the_o ancient_n for_o the_o dulcorate_n of_o fruit_n do_v c●mmend_v swine_n du●g_n above_o all_o other_o dung_n which_o may_v b●_n for_o the_o moisture_n of_o that_o b●●st_a observation_n i_o have_v s●ene_v divers_a fair_a fruit-tree_n q●ite_fw-la sp●yld●_z and_o deaded●_z by_o ove●much_o swine_n dung_n the_o swine_n lie_v among_o they_o and_o continual_o leave_v their_o ex●rements_n by_o degree_n the_o tree_n wither_v and_o die_v but_o i_o doubt_v not_o bu●_z that_o a_o moderate_a quanti●y_n of_o ●wines_n dung_n mix_v with_o mould_n and_o la●d_fw-mi to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n will_v be_v good_a for_o them●_z and_o it_fw-la may_v be_v in_o order_n to_o the_o sweeten_n of_o the_o fruit_n 467._o as_o graft_v do_v general_o advance_v and_o meliorate_a f●uits_n so_o no_o doubt_n even_o in_o graft_v the_o choice_n of_o the_o stock_n do_v much_o they_o commend_v much_o the_o graft_n of_o pear_n or_o apple_n upon_o a_o quince_n ob●ervation_n graft_v simple_o as_o graft_v do_v not_o advance_v or_o meliorate_v fruit_n as_o i●_z show_v elsewhere_o at_o large_a but_o graft_a tree_n bear_v better_a fruit_n 98._o and_o soon_o then_o ungraft_a tree_n because_o graft_n be_v usual_o take_v from_o good_a bear_v tree_n and_o of_o the_o best_a kind_n and_o graft_n retain_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n
of_o culture_n degenerate_a to_o be_v base_a in_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o sometim●s_v to_o change_v into_o another_o kind_n 1._o by_o stand_v long_o unremoved_a plant_n 2._o by_o drought_n and_o dryness_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o by_o the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o earth_n remove_v plant_n into_o worse_a mould_n or_o forbear_v to_o renew_v and_o help_v the_o ground_n with_o dung_n or_o fresh_a mould_n observation_n it_o have_v be_v (a)_o 506._o say_v that_o violet_n and_o some_o other_o flower_n will_v change_v from_o double_a to_o single_a or_o change_v in_o colour_n when_o the_o mould_n wherein_o they_o grow_v become_v barren_a and_o hartl●sse_n through_o neglect_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n with_o all_o the_o three_o particular_n mention_v in_o the_o experiment_n therefore_o there_o be_v need_n of_o some_o fresh_a mould_n from_o year_n to_o year_n for_o the_o preserve_n of_o flower_n in_o their_o perfection_n see_v hereof_o at_o large_a experiment_n 506._o and_o 510._o 519._o whatsoever_o fruit_n use_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o a_o root_n or_o slip_v if_o it_o be_v sow_v will_v d●generate_v and_o most_o of_o those_o fruit_n that_o use_v to_o be_v graft_v if_o they_o be_v set_v of_o kernel_n or_o stone_n degenerate_a it_o be_v true_a that_o peach_n do_v better_a upon_o stone_n set_v then_o upon_o graft_v and_o the_o rule_n of_o exception_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o whatsoever_o plant_n require_v much_o moisture_n prosper_v better_a upon_o the_o stone_n or_o kernel_n then_o upon_o the_o graft_n for_o the_o stock_n though_o it_o give_v a_o fine_a nourishment_n yet_o it_o give_v a_o scant_a than_o the_o earth_n at_o large_a observation_n the_o reason_n why_o fruit_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n do_v degenerate_a for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o become_v worse_o than_o the_o fruit_n out_o of_o which_o the_o seed_n be_v take_v i_o conceive_v to_o be_v this_o fruit_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n do_v partake_v both_o of_o the_o graft_n and_o of_o the_o stock_n of_o that_o tree_n from_o which_o they_o be_v take_v so_o that_o although_o the_o graft_n be_v of_o a_o special_a good_a and_o choice_a kind_n yet_o the_o stock_n whereon_o it_o be_v engraft_v be_v a_o crabtree_n or_o some_o other_o wild_a kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n the_o seed_n participate_v of_o both_o graft_n and_o stock_n and_o so_o bring_v forth_o a_o mongrel_n fruit_n between_o they_o both_o for_o although_o graft_n govern_v as_o have_v be_v say_v and_o may_v be_v say_v to_o bring_v forth_o the_o same_o kind_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o stock_n have_v some_o influence_n into_o the_o fruit_n according_a to_o the_o goodn●sse_n or_o badness_n of_o the_o stock_n but_o now_o in_o case_n the_o tree_n from_o which_o seed_n or_o stone_n be_v take_v be_v a_o ungraft_a tree_n one_o that_o come_v of_o seed_n itself_o than_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o the_o seed_n of_o that_o tree_n will_v bring_v forth_o the_o very_a same_o kind_n again_o without_o any_o alteration_n as_o to_o that_o the_o author_n say_v concerning_o peach_n that_o they_o come_v better_o of_o stone_n then_o graft_v i_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o this_o for_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o some_o peach_n will_v come_v good_a of_o seed_n yet_o doubtless_o not_o better_a then_o by_o inoculate_v they_o take_v not_o with_o graft_a for_o we_o see_v by_o constant_a experience_n that_o peach_n bud_v set_v upon_o good_a stock_n will_v bring_v forth_o the_o very_a sam●_z as_o the_o tree_n from_o which_o they_o be_v cut_v if_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o culture_n and_o order_v be_v the_o same_o or_o as_o good_a and_o as_o for_o some_o that_o have_v come_v of_o stone_n i_o have_v observe_v they_o have_v be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a many_o that_o have_v come_v of_o stone_n have_v be_v stark_o nought_o though_o some_o have_v be_v good_a and_o why_o peach_n or_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o fruit_n shall_v be_v think_v to_o come_v better_a of_o stone_n or_o s●eds_o then_o by_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v i_o apprehend_v not_o any_o reason_n as_o for_o that_o which_o be_v give_v that_o the_o stock_n give_v a_o scant_a nourishment_n than_o the_o earth_n at_o large_a let_v it_o be_v consider_v the_o twig_n and_o branch_n of_o a_o peach_n tree_n or_o any_o other_o tree_n that_o come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n they_o receive_v sap_n and_o nourishment_n from_o a_o stem_n or_o body_n and_o root_n as_o w●ll_v as_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v engraft_v the_o twig_n and_o branch_n of_o a_o engraft_a tree_n have_v as_o free_a and_o full_a nourishment_n without_o any_o obstruction_n as_o the_o branch_n of_o a●ungrafted_a tree_n the_o branch_n of_o a_o graft_a tree_n have_v no_o fine_a nourishment_n no●scanter_n than_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o ungraft_v tr●●_z for_o we_o know_v the_o root_n and_o body_n of_o a_o graf●ed_a tree_n and_o of_o a_o ungraft_a tree_n be_v alike_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o free_a to_o the_o one_o as_o to_o the_o other_o it_o be_v reported●_z 534._o that_o a_o good_a strong_a canvas_n spread_v over_o a_o tree_n graft_v low_o soon_o after_o it_o put_v forth_o will_v dwarf_n it_o and_o make_v it_o spread_v tree_n the_o cause_n be_v plain_a for_o that_o all_o thing_n grow_v as_o they_o find_v room_n observation_n it_o be_v true_a as_o be_v say_v that_o cloth_n sometime_o spread_v over_o a_o tree_n graft_v low_a and_o suffer_v to_o lie_v on_o for_o a_o time_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o spread_v much_o and_o that_o this_o may_v be_v improve_v for_o our_o use_n and_o benefit_n this_o may_v be_v do_v to_o plant_v some_o few_o cherry_n tree_n plum_n tree_n or_o other_o kind_n graft_v low_o and_o cause_v to_o spread_v much_o and_o keep_v from_o rise_v up_o by_o this_o mean_n keep_v the_o earth_n bare_a clean_o from_o weed_n grass_n or_o any_o thing_n grow_v under_o or_o about_o they_o such_o tree_n if_o they_o be_v good_a kind_n will_v bear_v much_o and_o fair_a fruit_n then_o high_a tree_n the_o reflection_n of_o heat_n from_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v almost_o as_o strong_a as_o from_o a_o wall_n and_o the_o fruit_n may_v be_v keep_v long_o grow_v upon_o the_o tree_n even_o till_o after_o september_n or_o october_n for_o if_o a_o cloth_n be_v sometime_o in_o hot_a weather_n spread_v over_o they_o and_o moisten_v it_o will_v keep_v the_o fruit_n from_o ripen_v too_o soon_o yet_o shade_n they_o not_o too_o much_o lest_o they_o come_v not_o to_o full_a ripeness_n afterwards_o the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a some_o old_a canvas_n haircloth_n or_o such_o like_a may_v be_v spread_v over_o they_o to_o preserve_v the_o fruit_n from_o bird_n and_o may_v be_v so_o keep_v long_o look_v that_o snail_n eat_v they_o not_o or_o else_o a_o net_n may_v be_v spread_v over_o such_o tree_n to_o preserve_v the_o fruit_n i_o have_v know_v fair_a cherry_n upon_o tree_n towards_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n i_o conceive_v the_o great_a bear_a cherry_n or_o other_o late_a ripe_a tart_a cherry_n to_o be_v the_o best_a to_o keep_v long_o in_o this_o manner_n such_o be_v more_o hardy_a than_o other_o kind_n cherry_n very_o late_o be_v as_o great_a rarity_n as_o those_o that_o be_v early_o 535._o tree_n be_v general_o set_v of_o root_n or_o kernel_n but_o if_o you_o set_v they_o of_o slip_n as_o the_o mulberry_n etc._n etc._n they_o will_v grow_v and_o those_o as_o be_v report_v will_v be_v dwarf_n tree_n the_o cause_n be_v for_o that_o the_o slip_n draw_v nourishment_n more_o weak_o then_o either_o a_o root_n or_o kernel_n observation_n mulberry-tree_n slip_v and_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v of_o slip_n may_v be_v make_v dwarf_n tree_n if_o we_o will_v order_v they_o according_o that_o be_v if_o we_o suffer_v all_o the_o side_n branch_n to_o grow_v or_o such_o slip_n take_v root_n may_v be_v make_v high_a tree_n in_o time_n if_o we_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side_n branch_n and_o preserve_v only_o the_o middle_n straight_o shoot_v but_o indeed_o at_o first_o for_o certain_a year_n they_o must_v needs_o be_v dwarf_n tree_n until_o they_o can_v rise_v high_o which_o in_o time_n they_o will_v do_v if_o they_o take_v root_n well_o and_o the_o ground_n be_v good_a 544._o in_o clay_n ground_n all_o fruit-tree_n grow_v full_a of_o moss_n both_o upon_o body_n and_o bough_n which_o be_v cause_v partly_o by_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o ground_n whereby_o the_o plant_n nourish_v less_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o toughness_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o the_o sap_n be_v shut_v in_o etc._n etc._n we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o tree_n grow_v upon_o cold_a observation_n and_o moist_a ground_n or_o clay_n grau●ll_v barr●n_a ground_n do_v general_o breed_v moss●_n which_o be_v cause_v as_o the_o