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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B03712	Anglo-Judæus, or The history of the Jews, whilst here in England. Relating their manners, carriage, and usage, from their admission by William the Conqueror, to their banishment. Occasioned by a book, written to His Highness, the Lord Protector (with a declaration to the Commonwealth of England) for their re-admission, by Rabbi Menasses Ben Israel. To which is also subjoyned a particular answer, by W.H.	Hughes, William, of Gray's Inn. aut	1656 (1656)	Wing H3321; Thomason E.863[3]; Interim Tract Supplement Guide 482.b.3[8]; ESTC R12585	34,661	56

was to purge the Land from such corruptions and oppressions as under which it groaned and also to fill his own Coffers which was done pretty well partly by the confiscating of their goods which all or most mention as also by the Fifteenth granted him by the Commons to purchase their banishment which some aver We read that about the year 1286. the Commons before offered the King the fifth part of their moveables to expel them and it cannot but be likely they would also desire the same at this Parliament for though usury was the main thing under which they groaned yet there were other things they could not but be sensible enough of viz. Crucifying of children and their great spight to Christian profession with their late spoiling of the coyn And scarce could this other Act against their usury only give them hopes sufficient that thence they would be driven away for as we see before in the third of the King their usury was restrained and bounded and other ways of life they might take up and rather stay here with what they had already got then by departing to lose all as it seems they did though Judge Cook tels us that there was provision made that no subject should hurt or molest them acknowledging also that the forementioned fifteenth was given Pro expulsione Judaeorum and that too for their expulsion This reverend Lawyer tels us this act de Judaismo was made in the 18. year of the King but a little after the Feast of Hilary whence these perhaps imper●inent thoughts have sometimes come in upon me that if there was no mistake of this year for the third of this King in which formerly we read their usury was restrained then perhaps this same act de Judaismo and the other for their banishment might be enacted in several Sessions of Parliament viz. this last the 31. of August after as Matthew of Westminster mentions and the record lost the act being omitted in the writings of Lawyers as deemed of no use And for losing of the record I am easilyer induced to think it possible because I am credibly informed that that of the act for establishing the use of the Common-prayer Book was also missing heretofore and thereupon some non-conformists escaped that which else had light upon them And this I desire to tender as an excuse for my keeping close to History in which has lyen the work of this relation nothing desirous to impose upon the belief of any or hereby to contradict so worthy an Author Thus admitted by William the Conqueror about the year 1070. they were expelled in the year 1290. being here some 220. years longer by five or six then their Ancestors were in Egypt during which time we may easily see the English Nation was as in bondage And by this History impartially though truly related may that Book sufficiently be answered by occasion of which this was written the profit which redounded by them to this Nation their saithfulness also being sufficiently discovered upon which grounds the Rabbi raises his short discourse But because it may more clearly appear and the Case may be more fully debated we shall descend to his particulars and scan them fully The Author though perhaps learned enough in other histories yet seems either utterly to be ignorant of ours or else wittingly to decline that which he knew would injure his cause sufficiently In his Epistle to his Highness the Lord Protector he desires that all Laws may be taken away which stand in force against this innocent people made in times and during the government of Kings But if he please to turn his eye upon what hath been written he may easily see that it was not innocency but the clear contrary that drew out these Laws against them and for that he and his Country-men think this easier to be procured since the Kingly Government is taken away he may know that it was by the Kings alone they were kept here so long The people would gladly have been rid of them an hundred years before they were and desired their expulsion above all things Nay they offered a fifth part of their moveables to have them expelled but King Edward only sucking sweet from them and intending to make his Markets out of this contention upon their offering more gave them leave to buy their continuance for a little longer And in the War betwixt Henry the third and his Barons as is above declared they stood for him conspired the ruine of them and the Citizens of London and that more for their own ends then out of any faithfulness to him In his Declaration to the Commonwealth of England he acquaints us with the motives of his coming over the first is to obtain free exercise of his Religion for his Countreymen Here indeed it was anciently granted but what good came of it It s the desire of this people to be fishing in troubled waters they may have hopes in this juncture of time to catch proselytes what his own design may be I shall not question if we should trust him upon his word it might be unsafe to deal so well with all his followers Their Ancestors compassed sea land to make a proselyte and he confesses this to have been the cause of their expulsion formerly out of Spain but let us descend unto his second In this I cannot but wonder at the Rabbi It s believed that the time of their redemption is near saith he and that they must first be scattered throughout the world What then therefore if this be true they must first have a Seat also in England Why they had a Seat here once before for the space of above 200. years and must they needs come again or else their dispersion as to this place cannot be accomplished The third motive upon which he came over was for the benefit of our Nation which he so much desires that which truly if sincere we cannot but applaud it being a thing not usual for us to be so loved by that people We cannot but thank him for his affection but must a little question his grounds by and by when coming to his Book we shall descend with him to particulars His fourth motive is no less to be approved of His particular respect to this Commonwealth is a motive to his sollicitation for the readmission of his Country-men He might easilier if he so much love us have leave given him to continue but we cannot but suppose he can scarce promise the like affection in all his brethren and if he should it s sooner said then believed And whereas he commends hospitality and kindeness to strangers so much to our consideration our Nation was never unkind or churlish but the Jews too much familiarity with it heretofore has put them out of the influence of hospitality Now to come to the Book it self Three things he proposes to his Highness the Lord Protector as making a people well-beloved or desirable amongst

second time to desolation being consumed with fire together with its ornament the Temple some few pillars only left to posterity to testifie the stateliness of what had been Of the remnant of this people Idem ibid. few were left behinde in their own Countrey eleven hundred thousand perished in the Siege and ninety seven thousand were taken Captives they being scattered abroad in divers Countreys yet especially abounded in Egypt Cyrene and Cyprus where after some fifty years continuance they begin to commit outrages in an unheard of manner Dion lib. 9.8 here 200000 there 250000 are butchered by them they eat their flesh besmear themselves with their blood wear their skins saw them asunder cast them to beasts make them kill one another The Emperor Trajan wondering and scarce believing such horrid treachery prosecutes them as so many Monsters and enemies of mankinde an infinite number are offered up as a parentation Yet still they cannot rest Dion lib. 69. In his Successor Adrians days they must up again and try their fortune That Prince had built a new City where their Jerusalem stood and called it after himself Aelia setting up a Sow over the gates thereof in opposition to them giving free liberty to all Nations for the exercise of their Religion such injuries offered to their Superstition as they cannot digest whilst he remains amongst them they murmure being gone break out into open rebellion joyn battel with one of the most expert Captains in his time Julius Severus which brings a bloody victory to the adversary and a fearful slaughter to themselves Those that remained Joan vasaeus Chron. Hi●p Anno 137. Adrian transports into Spain his own Countrey and thence or from elsewhere we have nothing considerable of them until the decay of the Roman Empire Papirius Nas senus lib. 1. At last it comes to that pass that Christians selling Church-livings for money the Jews buy Christians for their slaves which being taken notice of by Gregory the great and Heraclius the Emperor proving their enemy the Kings of France and Spain are stirred up by him to their conversion or extirpation Ammonis l. b 4. Hist Hisp Under Theodebert and Theodorick Kings of France they enjoyed the most serene times but Dagobert joyns with Sesebodus of Spain to their undoing Yea so odious afterwards became they to Christians Pertrus Cluniacensis that some perswading Christian Princes to the recovery of the Holy Land out of the hands of their brethren the Saracens their goods are presently pointed at as most fit to pay the Souldiers wages yea some flew so high to pronounce the only way Rodulphus vilis Papirius Messonus in Lud. 7. to obtain their ancient Countrey from the Infidels was to take away their lives here as fighting more against the Cause by their superstition and cruelties which being suffered made God displeased then the other by their swords and military Engines A stop was given to this heady and rash sentence by the interposition of St. Bernard and others But as if such mischief nothing concerned them some of them seated about Orleance in the year one thousand sent an Ambassage to the Prince of Babylon Papirius Messonus ex Glabo stirring him up against the Christians The Ambassador suspected and examined the truth is discovered they are thence run upon and destroyed as Monsters of men by the People Not long after they arrive here in this Island Stow Holins● Baker say they were first of al admitted by him if there were any before here in the Land they were but very few about the year 1070 first of all admitted by William the Conqueror being brought from Roan by him Their good welcom in other parts was no cause of their desire to see this Country He had made room enough for them by that hav● he had made of the English Nation little good will bare he to it and this was never taken by it as a sign of his contrary disposition He and all his Successors intended to use them to their own advantage dealing with them as spunges suffered them to suck up the English treasure which they then squeeze out into their own Coffers For in his fourth yeer holding a Council of his Barons he summons up 12. out of each County Roger de Hoveden in Hen 2. Wilielmus rex 4. anno regni su● c. commands them to shew their Laws and Customs and agree upon that which afterwards was held authentick Here it is provided that the Jews setled in the Kingdom as the title runs should be under the Kings protection that they should not subject themselves to any other without his leave it is declared that they and all theirs are the Kings and if any should detain any of their goods he might challenge it as his own Being here thus brought in and settled they lose no time by their great extortion they fill their purses for the treasury and the English treasure up prejudice and heart-burnings against them both which will be shewed in the sequel of our story when mixing the blood of innocents with their sacrifices they made so great impression on the Englishmens hearts as scarce ever will be worn out with the strength of time and then never could be satisfied but with their expulsion Indeed in the days of K. William the second little of transaction occurs in reference to them but what was caused by his own means That Kings Scepticism in Religion Baker Will. Malmsbu in Will 2. or rather profaneness did but increase the fury of their Superstition Being at Roan in Normandy he takes upon him for a reward to reduce one who was turned Christian to his former ways again but being not able to perform his promise and put to a stand by his young adversary he bids him be gone out of his presence but keeps half of the money to himself And here at London he makes a disputation be held betwixt the Christians and them The Bishops assemble the King is present promises to pass into the Jews cause if clearly conquerors They are said to have carried away nothing but confusion but this came of it that afterwards they became more confident stiffly affirming themselves not to have been overpowerd with reason but faction The ●●solency of their carriage in this business wrought grudges in Christians Will. Ma●m which joyned with the natural enmity to them as Jews might have done more if the joy conceived for the Kings stability and their own victory had not something allayed the matter and as yet scarce knowing one another there wanted experience of the Jews conditions which time produced when growing secure through peace and plenty they easily betrayed themselves Throughout the reign of Henry the first we hear nothing of them As yet they were not so fully setled coming over removing from place to place providing themselves ways of livelyhood and were so active as though they were not many

promises to poyson her Cambden in Eliz. Accordingly for that purpose he brings her a purge but she having by the special providence of God discovered his treachery according to former agreement sends him with it to the Lord Treasurer Burleigh telling him that he stood more in need of Physick Upon this he carries it to the old man desirous at least to dispatch one of them But he being too cunning for him demands what he hath there and upon answer a purge telling him he must be a Physitian to purge ill humors out of him presently causeth him to be apprehended Being convicted and according to sentence brought to the place of execution he there professed that he loved Queen Elizabeth as well as Jesus Christ himself The argument of their faithfulness as to the Rabbi is but very jejune and therefore no wonder if he produce so few examples First he mentions how faithful they were to the Kings of Egypt and instanceth in the fidelity of Antipater to Julius Caesar For the first they knew the power of the Ptolomies continually able to crush them and therefore if some stood to them and proved faithful what did they herein but what their own advantage led them to and what the necessity of their State required But how faithful were their Kings to the Babylonian Monarchs to whom they did more then promise obedience would they not always take their opportunity to rebel And because he speaks of their fidelity to the Romans how came I pray the War with Vespasian and Titus his Son even as before Zedekiah had rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar and that proved the destruction of the City so came it also to pass the last time It was an opinion strong in those days through the East that Jewry should bring forth the Monarch of the world in confidence of this Vide Sueton in Vespas the Jews rebel slay the Governor put to flight the Pro-Consul of Syria Vespasian is chosen General against them there is chosen Emperor and so the Roman Writers account that saying to be fulfilled and then Titus is sent into Judaea and finisheth the work begun by his father How faithful they were in Adrians time we shewed before in the Introduction how they behaved themselves also in Egypt Cyrene and Cyprus Then the Rabbi instanceth some particular places and persons as the Jews of Bureos who denyed obedience to Don Pedro de Cruel who had killed his brother how many Jews were made Tutors to Noblemens children of Samuel Alvalensi the Jews carriage at the besieging of Mantua and in the Signory of Brasil These were but a few if twenty times more in comparison of the nature and carriage of the whole Nation which how faithful it hath been generally to the people in all places hath already been sufficiently discovered To insist no more upon these few particulars The next last two things he instances as arguments of their faithfalness are rather negative then positive therefore can conclude nothing for his purpose when they were banished by Ferdinand Isabel out of Spain they made no resistance ergo they were faithful how will this rightly follow and when they were thence expelled it was not for any unfaithfulness therefore to prove their fidelity is as good an argument as the former If they had had opportunity and sufficient warning though they were half a million I do not much question what they would have done And for their praying which he urgeth for an argument of their faithfulness for the Commonwealths wherein they live so perhaps they did when they sent to the Prince of Babylon to stir him up against Christendom when they conspired to fire the City of London when they sucked away the sap of the English prosperity by their extortions when they clipped and coyned money and so rather spoiled this Commonwealth Did they not then also pray for the prosperity of it As for any cruelty which might be shewed toward them when expelled out of Spain and Portugal I take not upon me to be a patron of it neither of that which might be exercised toward them by our own n●tion whilst here residing Many times they have been used most pittifully but generally in all places they might thank themselves for it their carriage here especially was such as upon the least advantage the people would shew their hatred of it Lastly for to meet with objections made against their faithfulness the Rabbi endeavors to clear his Countrymen from three aspaersions usually cast upon them viz. usury killing children and seducing Christians to their Religion I wish they were but aspersions that they might the sooner be wiped off but that will not be by all the skill their Nation hath Was not usury with great extortion their continual practice ● What it was in England and Italy we have already seen and that it is used by them in Germany What it was in France see Baronius his Annal. ad ann 1198 1223. 1306.1348 Ingenti foenore cives ita sibi oboerato habebant ut eorum proediis ditatieim dias fere Civitates vendicarent alios in custadia penes se servarent plerosque fortunis omnitus dissolvendi causa debiti spoliatos mendicis non dissimiles efficerent idem ad an 1198. he himself confesseth Their principles of Religion do not forbid it then to us though amongst themselves Besides he should have done well to declare what they do in Poland Prussia and other places especially where they cannot have such opportunity of trading How they have used Christian children enough and too much hath been shewn already it is not good any more to stir that puddle Vide Socrat. i. 7 cap. 10. Krantzium lib. 10. Wandal cap 18. Papir Masson lib. 3. pig 335 Vide Baronium in Annal. ad an 1198.1236.1252.1287 ibid. 1305.1348.1410 Et Bzovium ad ann 1432.1475.1494 Not only do our own Authors affirm this but Forreign writers testifie the same also to have been done in divers places whose authority to question more then that of Manana of the Chronicles of the Xantes and others vvhich he brings as testimonies of their faithfulness to which particulars we have already answered it 's neither ingenuity nor modestie to do it For their perswading Christians to their Religion we know it to be the practice as the ambition of all parties to draw as many as they can in safety unto them nay many further venture then stands with their safety Novv for the Rabbi to perswade us that this is not their desire especially meeting vvith such as may easily be dravvn aside he cannot but be convinced of its impossibility This vvas the cause for vvhich they were banished Granada and Spain by Ferdinand and Isabel having seduced some Noblemen of the Kingdom of Andaluzie vvhich he confesseth And for their dravving Christians to their Religion see the Rabbi himself in a Book published 1650 called The hope of Israel Sect. 17. Where he instanceth those of his