only_o to_o discern_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o morality_n which_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o ornament_n as_o they_o be_v man_n but_o also_o they_o may_v here_o see_v the_o true_a foundation_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o property_n which_o they_o be_v most_o oblige_v to_o understand_v because_o as_o gentleman_n they_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o great_a interest_n in_o they_o both_o i_o need_v add_v no_o more_o to_o give_v you_o assurance_n that_o i_o free_o consent_v to_o your_o print_n of_o this_o book_n and_o be_o your_o affectionate_a friend_n ric._n peterborough_n the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o the_o preface_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v only_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o a_o state_n of_o the_o question_n between_o we_o and_o the_o epicurean_o and_o sceptic_n §_o 2._o the_o method_n propose_v in_o what_o manner_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o prove_v certain_a general_a proposition_n that_o shall_v carry_v with_o they_o the_o obligation_n of_o natural_a law_n §_o 3._o the_o soul_n suppose_v to_o be_v rafa_o tabula_fw-la without_o any_o innate_a idea_n our_o method_n propose_v of_o consider_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o world_n and_o all_o thing_n and_o humane_a action_n as_o subordinate_a cause_n and_o effect_n either_o hinder_v or_o promote_a our_o common_a happiness_n and_o preservation_n §_o 4._o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o so_o many_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o our_o observation_n or_o knowledge_n of_o it_o reduceable_a to_o one_o proposition_n of_o the_o high_a benevolence_n of_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o benevolence_n §_o 5._o what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v or_o suppose_v in_o order_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n §_o 6._o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n prove_v and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o thence_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o single_a person_n inseparable_a from_o that_o of_o mankind_n the_o general_a cause_n of_o its_o happiness_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n §_o 7._o therefore_o no_o man_n particular_a happiness_n can_v be_v oppose_v or_o prefer_v before_o the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n the_o contrary_a practice_n unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a §_o 8._o yet_o that_o this_o proposition_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n till_o we_o have_v propose_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n for_o the_o great_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 9_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o proposition_n not_o prejudice_v by_o the_o ill_a use_n of_o man_n free-will_n §_o 10_o 11._o by_o what_o step_n and_o degree_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o mind_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 12._o first_o natural_a observation_n that_o in_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o outward_a necessary_n of_o life_n and_o in_o our_o mutual_a administer_a they_o to_o each_o other_o consist_v all_o man_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n from_o whence_o also_o proceed_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n §_o 13._o that_o man_n be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n §_o 14._o nothing_o a_o sure_a help_n and_o defence_n to_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 15._o nor_o any_o thing_n more_o destructive_a to_o it_o than_o their_o constant_a malice_n and_o ill-will_a §_o 16._o that_o these_o principle_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o any_o in_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n notwithstanding_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n §_o 17._o yet_o that_o they_o be_v only_a law_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o as_o establish_v with_o fit_a reward_n and_o punishment_n §_o 18._o that_o from_o these_o natural_a and_o general_a observation_n we_o attain_v to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o man_n happiness_n and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n these_o cause_n act_n as_o certain_o as_o any_o other_o §_o 19,20_o hence_o arise_v a_o true_a notion_n of_o thing_n natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a or_o evil_n §_o 21._o that_o man_n natural_a power_n and_o the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n can_v neither_o be_v exert_v nor_o make_v use_n of_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a rule_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n §_o 22._o some_o conclusion_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o that_o we_o chief_o concern_v ourselves_o about_o those_o thing_n and_o action_n that_o be_v in_o our_o power_n §_o 23._o no_o man_n self-sufficient_a to_o procure_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o therefore_o need_v the_o goodwill_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 24._o none_o of_o these_o necessary_n for_o life_n can_v produce_v the_o end_n design_v but_o as_o they_o be_v appropriate_v to_o man_n particular_a use_n and_o necessity_n for_o the_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o §_o 25._o from_o whence_o arise_v the_o right_a of_o occupancy_n or_o possession_n which_o may_v be_v exercise_v even_o during_o a_o natural_a community_n of_o most_o thing_n §_o 26._o that_o as_o this_o natural_a division_n and_o propriety_n in_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o particular_a person_n so_o it_o be_v also_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o aggregate_v body_n §_o 27._o that_o these_o principle_n destroy_v mr._n h_n hypothesis_n of_o the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o far_a division_n and_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n now_o mankind_n be_v multiply_v on_o the_o earth_n §_o 29._o no_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n any_o far_a than_o as_o it_o conduce_v or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 30._o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n alike_o certain_a in_o a_o natural_a as_o civil_a state_n with_o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o argument_n insist_v on_o in_o this_o chapter_n §_o 31._o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n man_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o natural_a body_n as_o a_o animal_n and_o also_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n some_o observation_n from_o the_o first_o of_o these_o consideration_n as_o that_o humane_a body_n and_o action_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n with_o other_o thing_n §_o 1_o 2._o no_o action_n or_o motion_n more_o conducive_a to_o man_n happiness_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 3._o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o system_fw-la of_o natural_a body_n do_v not_o make_v any_o considerable_a difference_n between_o they_o when_o consider_v as_o voluntary_a agent_n endue_v with_o sense_n but_o that_o they_o rather_o act_v more_o powerful_o thereby_o §_o 4._o man_n great_a security_n from_o evil_n and_o hope_n of_o obtain_v good_a depend_v upon_o the_o goodwill_n and_o voluntary_a assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 5._o several_a natural_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o these_o observation_n §_o 6._o the_o like_a be_v find_v true_a in_o animate_v as_o well_o as_o inanimate_a body_n will_v make_v we_o more_o solicitous_a towards_o the_o general_a good_a of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n §_o 7._o that_o love_v or_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n we_o can_v enjoy_v and_o also_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o concourse_n of_o cause_n that_o all_o rational_a being_n shall_v be_v sensible_a of_o these_o indication_n §_o 8._o this_o prove_v from_o several_a natural_a observation_n as_o 1._o that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v but_o narrow_a the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n can_v be_v but_o few_o and_o most_o of_o they_o communicable_a to_o many_o at_o once_o and_o so_o require_v a_o limit_a self-love_n consistent_a with_o the_o safety_n and_o happiness_n of_o other_o §_o 9_o 2._o that_o creature_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v but_o be_v move_v to_o the_o like_a affection_n towards_o other_o as_o towards_o themselves_o from_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o similitude_n of_o their_o nature_n §_o 10._o animal_n do_v never_o deviate_v from_o this_o natural_a state_n but_o when_o they_o be_v seize_v with_o some_o preternatural_a disease_n or_o passion_n which_o as_o oft_o as_o it_o happen_v be_v absolute_o destructive_a to_o
case_n propose_v unless_o first_o all_o those_o effect_n which_o may_v proceed_v from_o it_o in_o all_o its_o various_a circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v and_o compare_v together_o so_o that_o the_o contemplation_n both_o of_o the_o cause_n on_o which_o man_n safety_n and_o happiness_n depend_v as_o also_o of_o the_o effect_n which_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o their_o joint_n or_o concur_v force_n and_o endeavour_n must_v necessary_o lead_v our_o mind_n first_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o other_o man_n and_o next_o of_o ourselves_o as_o a_o very_a small_a part_n of_o mankind_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o proceed_v to_o contemplate_v this_o system_fw-la of_o thing_n call_v the_o visible_a world_n but_o more_o especial_o god_n as_o its_o creator_n and_o governor_n according_a to_o the_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n the_o idea_n of_o which_o be_v due_o consider_v and_o digest_v in_o our_o mind_n we_o may_v draw_v from_o thence_o certain_a conclusion_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v or_o determine_v what_o humane_a thing_n and_o action_n be_v certain_o and_o necessary_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v felicity_n or_o wellbeing_a be_v contain_v as_o a_o part_n thereof_o and_o in_o which_o rational_a dictate_v or_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o consist_v §_o 5._o no_o body_n i_o suppose_v will_v think_v it_o necessary_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n that_o i_o shall_v here_o make_v physical_a disquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o sense_n that_o be_v the_o business_n of_o profess_a naturalist_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o we_o to_o show_v that_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o certain_a natural_a and_o easy_a observation_n gather_v from_o common_a experience_n or_o else_o into_o certain_a conclusion_n establish_v upon_o the_o know_a principle_n of_o mathematics_n and_o physics_n by_o which_o i_o do_v not_o only_o mean_v all_o those_o natural_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o body_n but_o also_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o soul_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v or_o inquire_v into_o they_o from_o all_o which_o by_o the_o order_n of_o natural_a cause_n we_o may_v be_v lead_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n their_o creator_n and_o ordainer_n and_o so_o may_v acknowledge_v he_o as_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o all_o these_o excellent_a effect_n since_o this_o nature_n of_o thing_n do_v as_o well_o suggest_v to_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o creator_n as_o of_o the_o thing_n create_v and_o so_o supply_v we_o with_o sufficient_a matter_n from_o which_o we_o may_v deduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o so_o many_o true_a practical_a proposition_n though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n or_o creator_n that_o can_v stamp_v any_o authority_n or_o obligation_n upon_o they_o now_o although_o there_o may_v be_v many_o thing_n collect_v from_o our_o knowledge_n of_o several_a being_n in_o the_o world_n that_o may_v serve_v for_o our_o moral_a instruction_n and_o the_o cultivate_a of_o our_o manner_n yet_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n only_o select_v some_o of_o the_o most_o material_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o explain_v our_o short_a account_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o notwithstanding_o several_a author_n have_v so_o much_o enlarge_v upon_o it_o i_o think_v may_v very_o well_o be_v reduce_v to_o this_o single_a proposition_n viz._n the_o most_o universal_a love_n or_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o so_o that_o their_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a by_o this_o benevolence_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o which_o they_o be_v all_o contain_v note_v that_o by_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o a_o fruitless_a desire_n or_o wellwishing_a but_o a_o active_a affection_n exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o piety_n towards_o god_n duty_n towards_o parent_n kindness_n and_o gratitude_n towards_o our_o country_n friends_z and_o relation_n and_o of_o charity_n and_o humanity_n towards_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n as_o often_o as_o any_o opportunity_n offer_v itself_o §_o 6._o in_o the_o make_n out_o of_o which_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v here_o needless_a to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n since_o the_o former_a have_v be_v so_o learned_o perform_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n ward_n late_a bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o the_o latter_a so_o exact_o do_v already_o in_o english_a by_o the_o above_o mention_v author_n of_o the_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n i_o shall_v only_o brief_o suppose_v upon_o his_o principle_n that_o our_o soul_n do_v 1._o from_o the_o very_a birth_n by_o degree_n receive_v idea_n draw_v from_o outward_a object_n by_o our_o sense_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v their_o faculty_n from_o divers_a single_a notion_n or_o idea_n put_v together_o to_o come_v to_o make_v complex_fw-la one_o that_o be_v to_o make_v divers_a proposition_n or_o conclusion_n not_o only_o concern_v their_o own_o inward_a act_n but_o also_o about_o all_o those_o outward_a object_n with_o which_o they_o be_v daily_o conversant_a and_o which_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o find_v out_o the_o ready_a mean_n of_o attain_v to_o and_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n and_o condition_n they_o be_v able_a to_o acquire_v these_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o far_a description_n of_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n since_o every_o person_n can_v but_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o its_o nature_n degree_n and_o various_a operation_n that_o will_v but_o make_v any_o selfreflection_n upon_o his_o own_o inward_a affection_n §_o 7._o but_o as_o for_o the_o due_a connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n in_o which_o its_o truth_n do_v chief_o consist_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o plain_a enough_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o affirm_v that_o our_o endeavour_n of_o procure_v all_o the_o good_a thing_n in_o our_o power_n and_o which_o be_v most_o conduce_v to_o our_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n be_v the_o best_a or_o chief_a thing_n that_o all_o person_n can_v do_v to_o render_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o happy_a as_o their_o nature_n will_v permit_v or_o can_v require_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a or_o more_o powerful_a mean_n to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v obtain_v a_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o good_a thing_n of_o this_o life_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o that_o to_o come_v than_o by_o endeavour_v our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o so_o that_o from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o advance_v the_o reader_n may_v collect_v these_o two_o proposition_n 1._o that_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o natural_a happiness_n consist_v in_o a_o habitual_a determination_n of_o the_o will_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o its_o ability_n and_o perfection_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v always_o ready_a and_o prepare_v to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n 2._o that_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o each_o individual_a person_n can_v be_v separate_v from_o that_o of_o other_o rational_n since_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o differ_v from_o all_o its_o part_n take_v together_o so_o that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v this_o general_a or_o diffusive_a benevolence_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n not_o to_o mean_v or_o only_o intend_v what_o any_o single_a or_o a_o few_o person_n may_v perform_v towards_o the_o procure_n of_o their_o own_o private_a happiness_n or_o that_o of_o their_o own_o party_n or_o faction_n distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n but_o what_o all_o particular_a person_n may_v joint_o contribute_v to_o render_v themselves_o and_o other_o happy_a that_o be_v what_o each_o of_o they_o may_v rational_o perform_v towards_o the_o obtain_n this_o common_a felicity_n for_o it_o ought_v first_o to_o be_v know_v in_o general_a what_o all_o man_n be_v able_a to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v towards_o any_o common_a end_n such_o as_o be_v the_o common_a happiness_n of_o rational_n and_o than_o what_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o particular_a person_n in_o this_o or_o that_o case_n to_o perform_v for_o example_n towards_o his_o own_o private_a happiness_n as_o separate_v from_o
all_o these_o difficulty_n a_o much_o easy_a way_n only_o by_o suppose_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a impress_v by_o god_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o men._n but_o i_o must_v indeed_o confess_v myself_o not_o yet_o so_o happy_a as_o to_o be_v able_a thus_o easy_o to_o attain_v to_o so_o great_a a_o perfection_n as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o this_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n and_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o either_o safe_a or_o convenient_a to_o lay_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o natural_a religion_n and_o morality_n upon_o a_o hypothesis_n which_o have_v be_v explode_v by_o all_o philosopher_n except_o themselves_o and_o which_o can_v never_o alone_o serve_v to_o convince_v those_o of_o epicurean_a principle_n for_o who_o we_o chief_o design_v this_o work_n but_o whosoever_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v what_o have_v be_v write_v against_o these_o innate_a idea_n by_o the_o inquisitive_a and_o sagacious_a lock_n author_n of_o the_o late_a essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n will_v find_v they_o very_o hard_o if_o not_o impossible_a to_o be_v prove_v to_o have_v ever_o be_v innate_a in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n before_o they_o come_v into_o the_o world_n therefore_o as_o i_o shall_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o absolute_o to_o deny_v the_o be_v or_o impossibility_n of_o such_o idea_n so_o i_o shall_v not_o make_v use_n of_o any_o argument_n draw_v from_o thence_o in_o this_o discourse_n though_o i_o hearty_o wish_v that_o any_o reason_n or_o motive_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o promote_v true_a virtue_n and_o piety_n may_v prevail_v as_o far_o as_o they_o deserve_v with_o all_o sincere_a and_o honest_a men._n and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o deter_v i_o from_o suppose_v any_o natural_a law_n innate_a in_o our_o mind_n have_v also_o make_v i_o not_o present_o suppose_v as_o many_o do_v without_o any_o due_a proof_n that_o such_o idea_n have_v exi_v in_o the_o divine_a intellect_n from_o all_o eternity_n and_o therefore_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o more_o proper_a and_o necessary_a to_o begin_v from_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o know_v and_o familiar_a to_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o prove_v that_o certain_a proposition_n of_o immutable_a truth_n prescribe_v our_o care_n of_o the_o happiness_n or_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a agent_n consider_v together_o be_v necessary_o imprint_v upon_o our_o mind_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o which_o the_o first_o cause_n perpetual_o determine_v so_o to_o act_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o in_o the_o term_n of_o these_o proposition_n be_v intrinsical_o include_v a_o evident_a declaration_n of_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n in_o the_o very_a intrinsic_a constitution_n of_o thing_n from_o whence_o it_o will_v be_v also_o manifest_a that_o such_o practical_a proposition_n be_v true_o and_o proper_o law_n as_o be_v declare_v and_o establish_v by_o due_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o they_o by_o he_o as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n but_o after_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o law_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o they_o be_v the_o high_a perfection_n or_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o our_o rational_a nature_n it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o a_o perfection_n analogous_fw-la to_o this_o knowledge_n and_o a_o practice_n conformable_a to_o these_o law_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o whence_o proceed_v not_o only_o our_o own_o natural_a perfection_n but_o also_o the_o most_o wise_a ordination_n of_o all_o effect_n without_o we_o for_o the_o common_a conservation_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o whole_a natural_a system_n or_o universe_n which_o our_o eye_n daily_o behold_v for_o that_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o i_o among_o the_o thing_n most_o certain_o prove_v that_o it_o must_v be_v first_o know_v what_o justice_n be_v and_o what_o those_o law_n enjoin_v in_o who_o observation_n all_o justice_n consist_v before_o we_o can_v distinct_o know_v that_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o god_n and_o that_o his_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o we_o as_o a_o pattern_n or_o example_n for_o we_o to_o imitate_v since_o we_o do_v not_o know_v god_n by_o a_o immediate_a intuition_n of_o his_o essence_n or_o perfection_n but_o only_o from_o the_o outward_a effect_n of_o his_o providence_n first_o know_v by_o our_o sense_n and_o experience_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a to_o affix_v attribute_n to_o he_o which_o we_o can_v sufficient_o understand_v or_o make_v out_o from_o thing_n without_o we_o have_v now_o show_v you_o in_o general_a the_o difference_n between_o our_o method_n and_o that_o which_o other_o have_v hitherto_o follow_v it_o be_v fit_a we_o here_o declare_v in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o we_o can_v the_o chief_a head_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o this_o treatise_n suppose_v therefore_o those_o natural_a principle_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o motion_n and_o rest_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v by_o naturalist_n especial_o such_o as_o depend_v upon_o mathematical_a principle_n since_o we_o have_v only_o here_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o to_o deduce_v they_o from_o some_o suppose_a knowledge_n of_o nature_n and_o as_o they_o refer_v to_o our_o moral_a practice_n i_o have_v here_o therefore_o suppose_v all_o the_o effect_n of_o corporeal_a motion_n which_o be_v natural_a and_o necessary_a and_o perform_v without_o any_o intervention_n of_o humane_a liberty_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o two_o which_o mr._n h._n himself_o likewise_o in_o his_o leviathan_n admit_v that_o from_o the_o consideration_n and_o inquisition_n into_o these_o cause_n and_o from_o the_o power_n and_o operation_n of_o natural_a body_n may_v be_v discover_v the_o existence_n of_o one_o eternal_a infinite_a omnipotent_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n so_o that_o every_o motion_n impress_v upon_o the_o organ_n of_o our_o sense_n whereby_o the_o mind_n be_v carry_v on_o to_o apprehend_v thing_n without_o we_o and_o to_o give_v a_o right_a judgement_n upon_o they_o be_v a_o natural_a effect_n which_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o other_o inferior_a cause_n owe_v its_o original_a to_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o god_n by_o these_o natural_a motion_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n delineate_v the_o idea_n or_o image_n of_o all_o natural_a and_o moral_a action_n on_o our_o mind_n and_o that_o the_o same_o god_n after_o he_o have_v thus_o make_v we_o draw_v various_a notion_n from_o the_o same_o object_n do_v then_o excite_v we_o to_o compare_v they_o with_o each_o other_o and_o then_o join_v they_o together_o and_o so_o determine_v we_o to_o form_v true_a proposition_n of_o the_o thing_n thus_o single_o receive_v and_o understand_v so_o that_o sometime_o a_o thing_n be_v expose_v whole_a and_o all_o at_o once_o to_o our_o view_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v more_o natural_o consider_v successive_o or_o according_a to_o its_o several_a part_n and_o the_o mind_n thereby_o perceive_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o awhole_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o all_o the_o several_a idea_n of_o the_o particular_a part_n put_v together_o and_o so_o be_v thence_o carry_v on_o to_o make_v a_o proposition_n of_o the_o identity_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o all_o its_o part_n and_o can_v true_o affirm_v that_o the_o same_o cause_n which_o preserve_v the_o whole_a must_v also_o conserve_v all_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o then_o from_o a_o diligent_a contemplation_n of_o all_o these_o proposition_n which_o may_v just_o challenge_v the_o title_n of_o the_o more_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v all_o reduceable_a to_o one_o proposition_n from_o who_o fit_a and_o just_a explication_n all_o the_o limit_n or_o exception_n under_o which_o the_o particular_a proposition_n be_v propose_v may_v be_v seek_v for_o and_o discover_v as_o from_o the_o evidence_n of_o that_o one_o proposition_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o this_o or_o the_o like_a sense_n viz._n the_o endeavour_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n conduce_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o several_a part_n or_o member_n in_o which_o our_o own_o felicity_n be_v also_o contain_v as_o part_v thereof_o whereas_o the_o act_n opposite_a to_o this_o endeavour_n do_v bring_v along_o with_o they_o effect_n quite_o opposite_a thereunto_o and_o will_v certain_o procure_v our_o own_o ruin_n or_o misery_n at_o last_o therefore_o the_o whole_a sum_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o three_o thing_n 1._o that_o which_o concern_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o
§_o 12._o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v that_o together_o with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o visible_a world_n of_o which_o ourselves_o make_v but_o a_o small_a part_n there_o be_v likewise_o convey_v into_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n a_o certain_a knowledge_n 1._o of_o divers_a natural_a outward_a good_n 2._o and_o those_o not_o only_o peculiar_a to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o common_a to_o all_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n 3._o of_o which_o good_n some_o be_v great_a than_o other_o and_o that_o good_a which_o have_v none_o that_o we_o know_v excel_v it_o we_o may_v call_v the_o great_a or_o high_a 4._o also_o of_o those_o some_o be_v common_o in_o our_o power_n other_o we_o understand_v to_o exceed_v the_o narrow_a limit_n of_o our_o humane_a force_n but_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v by_o two_o several_a way_n discover_v to_o we_o either_o more_o confuse_o by_o common_a experience_n and_o daily_a observation_n or_o else_o more_o distinct_o from_o experimental_a philosophy_n and_o the_o mathematics_n the_o former_a of_o these_o method_n be_v easy_a and_o obvious_a to_o every_o one_o i_o shall_v rather_o make_v use_n of_o that_o whereas_o the_o other_o will_v be_v only_o proper_a for_o philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n since_o the_o ground_n or_o principle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n aught_o to_o be_v alike_o evident_a to_o the_o illiterate_a as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o learned_a for_o all_o be_v under_o the_o like_a obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o such_o vulgar_a and_o easy_a observation_n which_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v dispute_v or_o deny_v and_o such_o as_o from_o which_o i_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o knowledge_n and_o coherence_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v evident_o be_v deduce_v §_o 13._o our_o first_o natural_a observation_n therefore_o be_v that_o by_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o food_n clothe_v house_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o by_o that_o help_n or_o assistance_n which_o one_o or_o more_o person_n can_v afford_v each_o other_o man_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o live_v as_o happy_o and_o content_o for_o several_a year_n as_o their_o frail_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o these_o effect_n be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a but_o necessary_a to_o our_o nature_n be_v natural_o good_a as_o tend_v to_o their_o preservation_n or_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n man_n affection_n from_o whence_o these_o outward_a thing_n and_o act_n do_v proceed_v and_o which_o produce_v all_o these_o good_a effect_n be_v conceive_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o good_a will_n or_o benevolence_n which_o must_v be_v also_o good_a since_o whatever_o goodness_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o effect_n must_v be_v likewise_o in_o the_o cause_n and_o we_o be_v also_o sensible_a that_o by_o this_o benevolence_n we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o help_v ourselves_o or_o some_o few_o person_n but_o many_o other_o as_o well_o by_o our_o advice_n as_o by_o our_o strength_n and_o industry_n especial_o when_o we_o see_v divers_a other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n who_o be_v able_a and_o seem_v also_o willing_a to_o requite_v we_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n so_o that_o each_o of_o we_o in_o particular_a may_v be_v provide_v with_o a_o sufficient_a stock_n of_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n by_o our_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n all_o which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v want_v to_o we_o but_o we_o shall_v be_v expose_v to_o innumerable_a mischief_n and_o hazard_n as_o also_o to_o a_o great_a want_n even_o of_o necessary_n if_o all_o person_n look_v only_o to_o themselves_o shall_v always_o show_v themselves_o ill-natured_a malevolent_a and_o enemy_n towards_o other_o rational_a being_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a endeavour_n be_v thus_o helpful_a and_o necessary_a to_o so_o many_o other_o may_v easy_o and_o natural_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n a_o notion_n of_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o from_o the_o obvious_a similitude_n of_o rational_a being_n to_o each_o other_o must_v equal_o respect_v all_o those_o which_o we_o have_v opportunity_n or_o occasion_n of_o know_v or_o converse_v with_o as_o also_o those_o with_o who_o we_o have_v not_o §_o 14._o and_o i_o may_v add_v far_o from_o constant_a experience_n that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o assistance_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n because_o their_o nature_n and_o consequent_o what_o be_v good_a or_o destructive_a to_o it_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o ourselves_o than_o of_o other_o creature_n for_o as_o our_o nature_n be_v capable_a of_o more_o and_o great_a good_n than_o they_o and_o in_o the_o attain_n of_o which_o we_o can_v better_o assist_v each_o other_o so_o we_o must_v also_o confess_v it_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o great_a danger_n and_o calamity_n for_o the_o decline_a and_o remove_v of_o which_o god_n have_v appoint_v our_o mutual_a benevolence_n express_v by_o our_o endeavour_n and_o assistance_n of_o each_o other_o as_o the_o most_o suitable_a and_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o §_o 15._o and_o we_o may_v also_o observe_v that_o by_o our_o advice_n and_o counsel_n communicate_v by_o apt_a sign_n or_o word_n we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v many_o help_n and_o conveniency_n of_o life_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n of_o which_o other_o animal_n be_v altogether_o uncapable_a either_o of_o act_v or_o receive_v and_o far_o because_o of_o the_o similitude_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n with_o ourselves_o we_o can_v but_o think_v it_o agreeable_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n to_o do_v or_o to_o procure_v the_o like_a thing_n for_o they_o as_o for_o ourselves_o and_o can_v also_o be_v sensible_a of_o great_a motive_n to_o benefit_n man_n than_o other_o creature_n since_o we_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n to_o hope_v that_o those_o we_o have_v thus_o do_v good_a to_o or_o oblige_v be_v move_v by_o our_o benefit_n will_v make_v we_o a_o suitable_a return_n whenever_o it_o lie_v in_o their_o power_n and_o that_o they_o may_v one_o time_n or_o other_o in_o the_o like_a or_o some_o other_o way_n oblige_v we_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o common_a experience_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o large_a possession_n nor_o any_o sure_a defence_n for_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a piety_n towards_o god_n the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o the_o most_o diffusive_a love_n and_o sincere_a benevolence_n of_o all_o person_n towards_o each_o other_o since_o if_o they_o prove_v malevolent_a or_o ill-natured_a they_o may_v easy_o bereave_v we_o of_o all_o thing_n we_o enjoy_v together_o with_o our_o life_n itself_o nor_o can_v the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o other_o be_v obtain_v by_o any_o more_o certain_a or_o powerful_a mean_n than_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v show_v himself_o so_o affect_v in_o his_o action_n towards_o other_o as_o he_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v towards_o himself_o that_o be_v love_v and_o benevolent_a upon_o all_o occasion_n though_o more_o particular_o to_o those_o to_o who_o we_o be_v oblige_v by_o friendship_n or_o relation_n §_o 16._o last_o of_o all_o the_o same_o experience_n that_o demonstrate_v the_o mutual_a benevolence_n of_o particular_a person_n to_o be_v the_o most_o powerful_a cause_n of_o their_o felicity_n do_v as_o necessary_o teach_v we_o from_o a_o like_a parity_n of_o reason_n that_o the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o any_o great_a number_n of_o man_n towards_o any_o the_o like_a number_n have_v alike_o proportionable_a effect_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o constant_a malice_n or_o ill-will_a of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o express_v by_o suitable_a action_n will_v soon_o bring_v destruction_n to_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n since_o it_o will_v soon_o destroy_v all_o the_o cause_n requisite_a to_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a and_o introduce_v a_o perpetual_a enmity_n and_o war_n which_o be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a misery_n and_o calamity_n which_o can_v befall_v mankind_n all_o which_o though_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v yet_o he_o will_v not_o own_o the_o necessity_n of_o man_n mutual_a love_n and_o concord_n to_o be_v also_o as_o necessary_a to_o their_o preservation_n but_o why_o the_o cause_n of_o man_n preservation_n and_o happiness_n as_o be_v prior_n in_o nature_n shall_v not_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o those_o of_o their_o destruction_n since_o the_o one_o be_v altogether_o as_o evident_a and_o necessary_a and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o foresee_v and_o prevent_v as_o the_o other_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v
glad_a if_o any_o of_o mr._n h_n disciple_n can_v show_v we_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o that_o opinion_n §_o 17._o so_o that_o these_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o concern_v the_o natural_a mean_n of_o man_n happiness_n do_v appear_v so_o evident_a from_o our_o common_a reason_n and_o daily_a experience_n that_o they_o be_v of_o like_a certainty_n with_o the_o principle_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n in_o all_o who_o operation_n there_o be_v still_o suppose_v certain_a act_n depend_v upon_o our_o free_a humane_a faculty_n and_o yet_o neither_o of_o these_o science_n be_v render_v the_o more_o uncertain_a from_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n whether_o they_o will_v draw_v line_n or_o cast_v up_o sum_n or_o not_o since_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o there_o be_v a_o inseparable_a connexion_n between_o such_o act_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o exert_v and_o all_o the_o effect_n seek_v for_o to_o the_o find_n of_o which_o both_o the_o pleasure_n annex_v to_o their_o contemplation_n and_o the_o various_a use_n of_o humane_a life_n do_v at_o once_o invite_v we_o and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n the_o truth_n of_o all_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v found_v in_o the_o immutable_a coherence_n between_o the_o high_a felicity_n which_o humane_a power_n can_v attain_v to_o with_o those_o act_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n that_o be_v of_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o man_n and_o which_o exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o particular_a moral_a virtue_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n these_o two_o thing_n be_v still_o suppose_v that_o man_n desire_v and_o seek_v the_o high_a felicity_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o exercise_v this_o benevolence_n not_o only_o towards_o themselves_o but_o god_n and_o man_n as_o partaker_n with_o they_o of_o the_o same_o rational_a or_o intelligent_a nature_n this_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v to_o prevent_v all_o those_o cavil_n which_o mr._n h_n disciple_n be_v use_v to_o make_v against_o morality_n from_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o wi_n §_o 18._o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v far_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o remember_v what_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n that_o this_o truth_n concern_v the_o efficacy_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n as_o also_o all_o other_o proposition_n alike_o evident_a and_o contain_v under_o it_o do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o ordainer_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o of_o our_o humane_a understanding_n and_o of_o all_o truth_n therein_o contain_v and_o since_o these_o rule_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n tend_v to_o the_o procure_a god_n end_n and_o design_n viz._n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o also_o that_o it_o have_v please_v he_o to_o annex_v certain_a natural_a reward_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o punishment_n to_o their_o transgression_n so_o that_o they_o thereby_o become_v apt_a and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o due_a order_n of_o our_o thought_n and_o govern_v our_o action_n towards_o god_n ourselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o i_o shall_v far_o make_v out_o in_o this_o discourse_n i_o see_v nothing_o want_v to_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o i_o shall_v far_o show_v before_o i_o have_v do_v that_o under_o this_o general_a rule_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o universal_a benevolence_n be_v contain_v piety_n towards_o god_n and_o the_o high_a goodwill_n or_o charity_n towards_o man_n and_o be_v the_o sum_n both_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n of_o moses_n and_o of_o the_o gospel_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ._n §_o 19_o these_o thing_n be_v thus_o propose_v in_o general_a i_o come_v now_o more_o particular_o to_o show_v that_o a_o due_a observation_n and_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a thing_n without_o we_o will_v true_o and_o clear_o teach_v we_o what_o operation_n or_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o and_o also_o show_v we_o how_o necessary_o and_o unalterable_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v produce_v for_o natural_a knowledge_n search_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o generation_n and_o corruption_n which_o daily_o happen_v to_o all_o natural_a body_n and_o especial_o to_o man_n and_o so_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o necessary_a coherence_n of_o these_o effect_n with_o their_o cause_n and_o therefore_o those_o cause_n that_o help_v to_o generate_v or_o preserve_v man_n and_o that_o make_v they_o live_v happy_o in_o this_o life_n be_v natural_a good_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o misery_n and_o dissolution_n be_v natural_a evil_n and_o it_o then_o as_o plain_o follow_v that_o by_o this_o knowledge_n we_o can_v as_o certain_o demonstrate_v and_o foretell_v what_o thing_n be_v natural_o good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o mankind_n as_o for_o any_o single_a person_n §_o 20._o therefore_o we_o may_v true_o conclude_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o these_o effect_n which_o either_o nature_n or_o humane_a industry_n can_v produce_v for_o man_n food_n clothe_v habitation_n and_o medicine_n be_v part_n of_o this_o natural_a knowledge_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o understanding_n of_o all_o other_o humane_a operation_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n proceed_v from_o thence_o for_o the_o use_v of_o humane_a life_n for_o although_o the_o voluntary_a action_n of_o man_n as_o they_o exert_v themselves_o towards_o thing_n without_o they_o do_v not_o work_v exact_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o mere_a mechanic_n motion_n viz._n from_o the_o pulsion_n or_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n but_o either_o from_o their_o reason_n or_o will_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o outward_a motion_n we_o exert_v receive_v their_o measure_n and_o force_n from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o humane_a body_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o other_o and_o so_o must_v perform_v their_o natural_a function_n as_o they_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o natural_a motion_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o voluntary_a action_n whenever_o they_o be_v thus_o exert_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o same_o natural_a law_n and_o it_o be_v common_o know_v how_o much_o man_n industry_n by_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o their_o body_n which_o a_o philosopher_n can_v easy_o resolve_v into_o mechanic_n one_o do_v contribute_v to_o their_o own_o and_o other_o man_n preservation_n by_o provide_v and_o administer_a victual_n clothes_n physic_n house_n etc._n etc._n in_o perform_v which_o effect_n man_n strength_n and_o skill_n in_o husbandry_n building_n navigation_n and_o other_o manual_a trade_n be_v chief_o employ_v nor_o be_v the_o liberal_a art_n absolute_o free_a from_o these_o law_n of_o motion_n since_o by_o the_o help_n of_o certain_a sensible_a sign_n and_o articulate_v note_n or_o mark_n as_o word_n letter_n or_o cipher_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n come_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o knowledge_n and_o direct_v in_o most_o of_o their_o civil_a and_o moral_a duty_n i_o have_v only_o think_v fit_a to_o hint_n thus_o much_o concern_v humane_a action_n consider_v as_o mere_a natural_a thing_n exist_v without_o we_o but_o i_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o of_o they_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n §_o 21._o hence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o all_o these_o natural_a thing_n and_o the_o mutual_a help_n by_o which_o they_o be_v procure_v may_v be_v certain_o know_v and_o foresee_v by_o we_o to_o be_v natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o those_o contrary_a cause_n or_o motion_n by_o which_o man_n body_n be_v weaken_v or_o destroy_v by_o lessen_v or_o take_v away_o the_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n of_o life_n such_o as_o food_n raiment_n liberty_n quiet_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o those_o action_n by_o which_o virtue_n and_o knowledge_n may_v be_v root_v out_o of_o man_n mind_n and_o error_n and_o unbridled_a passion_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n introduce_v into_o their_o room_n be_v necessary_o and_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n evil._n therefore_o when_o we_o determine_v of_o natural_a good_n or_o evil_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o preservation_n of_o a_o few_o particular_a person_n since_o the_o punishment_n nay_o death_n of_o these_o may_v often_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a
occupancy_n or_o possession_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o more_o exact_a property_n or_o dominion_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o limit_v use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n in_o order_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o part_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v thus_o agree_v to_o it_o than_o the_o bare_a occupancy_n or_o possession_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v before_o such_o a_o division_n make_v or_o agree_v upon_o nor_o can_v it_o now_o be_v alter_v however_o perhaps_o hard_a and_o unequal_a it_o may_v prove_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n since_o it_o will_v always_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o each_o particular_a civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n that_o it_o shall_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v still_o alter_v according_a to_o every_o man_n be_v particular_a fancy_n or_o interest_n since_o such_o a_o change_n can_v never_o be_v make_v without_o inconceivable_a discontent_n and_o civil_a dissension_n which_o will_v quick_o end_v in_o open_a violence_n and_o hostility_n §_o 30._o so_o that_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o there_o be_v no_o right_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n of_o do_v whatever_o his_o own_o wild_a fancy_n or_o unbounded_a appetite_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o but_o only_o what_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n true_o judge_v necessary_a to_o his_o own_o or_o family_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n therefore_o i_o here_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o whatever_o right_o we_o enjoy_v even_o to_o the_o thing_n most_o necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n it_o be_v found_v if_o not_o in_o the_o precept_n yet_o at_o least_o permission_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n when_o we_o true_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n concern_v the_o mean_n necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n so_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o any_o one_o have_v a_o right_a of_o preserve_v himself_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o make_v out_o how_o this_o right_a of_o self-preservation_n conduce_v to_o or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o this_o common_a good_n since_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v ever_o believe_v that_o god_n intend_v the_o preservation_n much_o less_o the_o sensual_a pleasure_n of_o any_o one_o man_n as_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n which_o principle_n be_v once_o establish_v as_o the_o foundation_n and_o original_a of_o all_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n we_o enjoy_v our_o own_o natural_a power_n and_o right_n will_v appear_v so_o limit_v thereby_o that_o we_o can_v without_o injury_n and_o injustice_n violate_v or_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o other_o much_o less_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n against_o they_o without_o just_a cause_n nay_o all_o those_o argument_n by_o which_o any_o one_o man_n can_v assume_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v himself_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v likewise_o be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o preserve_v other_o also_o and_o that_o it_o can_v never_o become_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o any_o state_n to_o rob_v innocent_a person_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o wellbeing_a and_o preservation_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o man_n natural_a right_n shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o mischief_n of_o unreasonable_a violence_n and_o war_n and_o contention_n which_o natural_a security_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonweal_n be_v high_o improve_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o humane_a skill_n and_o industry_n according_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o property_n or_o dominion_n §_o 31._o i_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o the_o particular_a action_n above_o mention_v and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o by_o consider_v their_o relation_n to_o this_o great_a end_n the_o nature_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v more_o certain_o be_v know_v and_o predetermine_v since_o the_o dependence_n of_o natural_a effect_n on_o their_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o immutable_a for_o as_o well_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o community_n as_o of_o civil_a society_n or_o separate_v property_n those_o humane_a action_n which_o cause_n or_o procure_v that_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o other_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o error_n lie_n or_o perfidiousness_n nor_o their_o body_n hurt_v nor_o their_o life_n good_n fame_n and_o chastity_n violate_v or_o take_v away_o and_o also_o by_o which_o a_o grateful_a return_n be_v render_v to_o those_o that_o have_v do_v we_o good_a or_o in_o short_a all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o more_o be_v procure_v without_o injury_n to_o other_o as_o they_o always_o be_v so_o they_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o moral_a virtue_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a demonstrate_v in_o this_o discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o show_v how_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v derive_v from_o and_o at_o last_o resolve_v into_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o least_o the_o variousness_n of_o the_o observation_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o their_o independance_n upon_o each_o other_o shall_v render_v they_o perplex_v and_o consequent_o unconvince_v to_o common_a reader_n who_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v so_o long_a a_o train_n of_o consequence_n in_o their_o mind_n i_o shall_v contract_v what_o have_v be_v now_o say_v into_o these_o few_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o though_o all_o particular_a man_n be_v mortal_a and_o but_o of_o a_o short_a duration_n yet_o that_o god_n have_v still_o preserve_v mankind_n without_o any_o sensible_a failure_n or_o decay_n 2._o that_o in_o order_n to_o this_o god_n have_v make_v man_n to_o be_v propagate_v by_o generation_n and_o also_o to_o be_v preserve_v by_o divers_a outward_a mean_n which_o we_o call_v necessary_n of_o life_n 3._o that_o these_o natural_a mean_n can_v no_o way_n answer_v this_o end_n but_o as_o they_o be_v allow_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n and_o occasion_n of_o particular_a person_n during_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n answer_v the_o different_a or_o contrary_a desire_n and_o necessity_n of_o divers_a man_n endeavour_v to_o use_v these_o thing_n after_o contrary_a or_o different_a manner_n 4._o that_o the_o take_v away_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o another_o be_v right_o possess_v of_o do_v not_o only_o cause_v the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o person_n and_o his_o family_n who_o be_v thus_o possess_v of_o they_o but_o by_o cause_v a_o perpetual_a strife_n among_o mankind_n will_v render_v these_o thing_n uncapable_a of_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n 5._o that_o such_o a_o strife_n if_o prosecute_v to_o the_o utmost_a will_v certain_o end_v in_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o particular_a person_n and_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o mankind_n contrary_a to_o god_n design_n 6._o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v rational_o collect_v that_o god_n design_n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o also_o of_o all_o individual_a person_n as_o part_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o subordination_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n thereof_o 7._o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a mean_n to_o procure_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n consist_v first_o in_o divine_a love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o man_n not_o only_o in_o permit_v each_o other_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n but_o also_o in_o make_v a_o settle_a division_n of_o they_o to_o other_o so_o as_o to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o several_a man_n use_n or_o occasion_n which_o dictate_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v our_o true_a happiness_n as_o in_o its_o violation_n our_o great_a misery_n be_v therefore_o true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n and_o indeed_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o observation_n and_o conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o right_a reason_n as_o also_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n draw_v such_o easy_a
and_o obvious_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o we_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n and_o make_v use_n of_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v after_o what_o manner_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o whence_o that_o right_o arise_v we_o have_v to_o they_o i_o come_v now_o to_o make_v the_o like_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o the_o prove_v that_o we_o be_v design_v by_o god_n for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o other_o beside_o ourselves_o and_o that_o in_o the_o do_n of_o this_o we_o procure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n in_o which_o our_o own_o be_v likewise_o include_v to_o perform_v this_o task_n i_o shall_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o quality_n or_o property_n that_o belong_v to_o man_n 1_o as_o a_o mere_a natural_a body_n 2_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o animal_n 3_o such_o as_o be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n endue_v with_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a principle_n than_o brute_n viz._n a_o immortal_a soul_n §_o 2._o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o as_o a_o natural_a body_n he_o be_v endue_v with_o these_o property_n common_a to_o all_o other_o natural_a body_n first_o that_o all_o his_o motion_n in_o which_o his_o life_n strength_n and_o health_n consist_v do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o and_o original_a or_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o be_v necessary_o complicate_v with_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n among_o which_o the_o corporeal_a motion_n of_o other_o which_o do_v often_o limit_v and_o restrain_v our_o own_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o to_o be_v consider_v 2_o that_o from_o they_o as_o from_o other_o body_n motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v indefinite_o and_o which_o do_v not_o perish_v but_o concur_v with_o other_o motion_n to_o perpetuate_v the_o succession_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v contribute_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o as_o the_o former_a teach_v we_o that_o a_o particular_a end_n viz._n our_o own_o preservation_n depend_v upon_o our_o common_a or_o joint_a force_n or_o natural_a power_n so_o this_o latter_a instruct_v we_o that_o such_o power_n and_o motion_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v often_o most_o beneficial_a and_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n forbid_v we_o to_o hope_v for_o or_o endeavour_v our_o own_o private_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o all_o other_o and_o so_o excite_v we_o to_o seek_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o original_a of_o our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n the_o other_o conclusion_n show_v that_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a can_v never_o prove_v in_o vain_a or_o to_o no_o purpose_n since_o it_o concur_v with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o of_o all_o humane_a creature_n therein_o contain_v and_o far_o that_o in_o each_o complicate_v motion_n as_o well_o in_o that_o towards_o which_o divers_a cause_n concur_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o any_o body_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n as_o also_o in_o that_o whereby_o each_o particular_a body_n concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a order_n still_o observe_v whereby_o some_o motion_n be_v necessary_o determine_v by_o other_o in_o a_o continual_a series_n or_o succession_n all_o which_o be_v yet_o govern_v or_o overrule_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o although_o this_o sort_n of_o contemplation_n may_v seem_v remote_a from_o common_a use_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v contemn_v as_o altogether_o unprofitable_a in_o humane_a affair_n for_o it_o make_v we_o more_o distinct_o perceive_v from_o some_o certain_a general_a principle_n how_o necessary_a a_o constant_a and_o certain_a order_n be_v among_o those_o cause_n that_o act_n from_o corporeal_a force_n so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v each_o in_o their_o order_n successive_o concur_v to_o a_o effect_n foresee_v or_o design_v by_o we_o and_o far_o show_v we_o a_o rule_n how_o we_o may_v certain_o judge_v what_o cause_n do_v more_o or_o less_o contribute_v to_o the_o effect_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v so_o that_o from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o these_o cause_n their_o order_n dignity_n or_o power_n in_o respect_n to_o each_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v and_o judge_v of_o and_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o what_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v most_o esteem_v for_o those_o good_a effect_n they_o have_v or_o may_v produce_v as_o also_o which_o be_v most_o diligent_o to_o be_v seek_v for_o the_o obtain_v those_o end_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v also_o know_v that_o those_o cause_n which_o philosopher_n call_v universal_a viz._n god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n as_o proceed_v from_o he_o be_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a or_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n a_o part_n of_o which_o we_o either_o always_o do_v actual_o or_o can_v hope_v to_o enjoy_v §_o 3._o but_o omit_v those_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n to_o influence_n or_o alter_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o among_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o either_o our_o power_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v those_o voluntary_a humane_a motion_n proceed_v from_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o other_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o their_o common_a happiness_n and_o in_o which_o every_o one_o private_a good_n be_v include_v since_o from_o this_o source_n proceed_v all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o man_n innocence_n and_o fidelity_n towards_o each_o other_o be_v preserve_v as_o also_o by_o which_o humanity_n gratitude_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v exert_v and_o perform_v after_o as_o certain_a a_o manner_n as_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n bowel_n nerve_n and_o joint_n in_o a_o animal_n do_v whole_o proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o judgement_n or_o determination_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n due_o consider_v shall_v without_o doubt_n cause_v we_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o contribute_v to_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n and_o may_v make_v we_o also_o diligent_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v by_o other_o so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v nothing_o want_v that_o can_v be_v do_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v not_o be_v render_v as_o happy_a as_o our_o frail_a nature_n in_o this_o will_v allow_v since_o right_a reason_n can_v propose_v no_o high_a or_o noble_a end_n than_o this_o of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n §_o 4._o yet_o whilst_o we_o compare_v the_o aggregate_v body_n of_o mankind_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v act_n by_o corporeal_a force_n with_o the_o natural_a system_n of_o other_o body_n i_o be_o not_o unmindful_a of_o the_o manifest_a difference_n there_o be_v between_o they_o viz._n that_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o mere_a corporeal_a system_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o contiguity_n and_o immediate_a operation_n of_o body_n move_v upon_o other_o that_o be_v to_o be_v move_v by_o they_o without_o any_o sense_n deliberation_n or_o liberty_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o humane_a action_n in_o who_o motion_n and_o operation_n on_o each_o other_o though_o a_o great_a difference_n often_o intervene_v yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o corporeal_a power_n of_o man_n when_o exert_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o motion_n with_o other_o body_n and_o that_o divers_a man_n may_v often_o cooperate_v to_o one_o certain_a effect_n relate_v to_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v of_o other_o so_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n of_o a_o subordination_n between_o humane_a motion_n as_o there_o be_v between_o those_o of_o other_o body_n and_o i_o must_v here_o far_o take_v notice_n that_o man_n have_v frequent_a opportunity_n of_o meet_v together_o and_o also_o many_o other_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v hurt_v or_o help_v each_o other_o by_o word_n write_v or_o other_o action_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o one_o entire_a system_fw-la of_o body_n consist_v of_o several_a particular_a part_n so_o that_o nothing_o almost_o can_v be_v do_v in_o relation_n to_o any_o man_n life_n family_n or_o fortune_n which_o do_v
aforego_v be_v observe_v so_o that_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n after_o what_o manner_n and_o to_o what_o degree_n we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n that_o be_v only_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v include_v in_o that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n so_o we_o be_v hence_o also_o instruct_v what_o action_n be_v prescribe_v or_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o such_o action_n only_o be_v thereby_o commend_v as_o promote_v this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o contrary_a action_n forbid_v which_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v it_o which_o be_v also_o suppose_a by_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o their_o deliberation_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v that_o in_o which_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o contribute_v to_o their_o common_a safety_n and_o preservation_n viz._n that_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o several_a state_n concern_v shall_v be_v so_o just_o moderate_v and_o equal_o balance_v that_o none_o may_v destroy_v or_o oppress_v each_o other_o thus_o between_o neighbour_a nation_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o common_a power_n it_o be_v chief_o provide_v in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n that_o the_o force_n of_o each_o particular_a commonwealth_n shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v by_o the_o assistance_n and_o support_v of_o their_o confederates_n and_o ally_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o of_o they_o to_o swallow_v up_o or_o destroy_v another_o but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v still_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o power_n and_o mean_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n in_o peace_n and_o safety_n as_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o institute_v by_o men._n §_o 7._o and_o as_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o natural_a body_n that_o whilst_o they_o persevere_v in_o their_o own_o motion_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n they_o shall_v also_o contribute_v and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n from_o the_o general_a law_n of_o motion_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o which_o rule_n be_v also_o find_v true_a in_o animal_n it_o seem_v to_o admonish_v we_o not_o only_o as_o mere_a animal_n but_o rational_a agent_n that_o we_o contribute_v our_o particular_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o general_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o all_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possible_a effect_n but_o also_o such_o a_o one_o as_o depend_v upon_o cause_n so_o perfect_a and_o certain_a we_o may_v with_o reason_n believe_v that_o it_o will_v endure_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n but_o if_o we_o far_o add_v to_o these_o observation_n those_o thing_n that_o distinguish_v animate_v from_o inanimate_a body_n they_o will_v yet_o more_o strong_o convince_v we_o and_o make_v we_o see_v more_o sufficient_a reason_n wherefore_o not_o so_o much_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o other_o corporeal_a being_n we_o shall_v be_v chief_o solicitous_a in_o give_v our_o assistance_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a first_o than_o the_o nature_n of_o animate_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n by_o such_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n and_o a_o apt_a conformation_n of_o their_o natural_a organ_n as_o suffice_v for_o their_o generation_n sensation_n imagination_n affection_n nourishment_n and_o also_o all_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v by_o these_o action_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n endeavour_v their_o conservation_n and_o happiness_n for_o the_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v they_o and_o thereby_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n §_o 8._o but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v too_o long_o upon_o these_o common_a obvious_a thing_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o themselves_o but_o shall_v from_o hence_o deduce_v something_o more_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o same_o intrinseck_n constitution_n of_o all_o animal_n whereby_o they_o be_v determine_v to_o this_o endeavour_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o there_o be_v beside_o give_v manifest_a declaration_n that_o love_v and_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a be_v also_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n of_o life_n they_o can_v enjoy_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v from_o the_o same_o concourse_n of_o external_n and_o internal_a cause_n that_o all_o rational_a agent_n can_v but_o be_v sensible_a or_o mindful_a of_o these_o indication_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n contain_v the_o sense_n and_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o latter_a regard_v its_o promulgation_n or_o the_o manner_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o i_o shall_v explain_v each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o corporeal_a bulk_n even_o of_o the_o large_a animal_n be_v contain_v within_o a_o small_a and_o narrow_a compass_n as_o also_o that_o the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o can_v live_v or_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o long_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o they_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o preservation_n or_o where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o concurrence_n of_o more_o of_o they_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o may_v be_v free_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o whence_o they_o be_v natural_o lead_v to_o desire_v but_o a_o few_o particular_a thing_n but_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o divers_a other_o in_o common_a who_o use_n may_v yet_o be_v well_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o without_o exhaust_v their_o store_n such_o as_o be_v the_o free_a enjoyment_n of_o air_n light_n fire_n water_n etc._n etc._n and_o far_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o their_o body_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o hinder_v the_o effusion_n govern_v also_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n fix_v bound_n to_o those_o appetite_n and_o necessity_n by_o which_o they_o be_v urge_v to_o seek_v their_o own_o preservation_n so_o that_o those_o few_o thing_n that_o suffice_v to_o repair_v the_o vital_a flame_n which_o daily_o consume_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_a not_o only_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o life_n and_o natural_a strength_n but_o also_o for_o enable_v they_o to_o contribute_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o last_o the_o structure_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o their_o aliment_n be_v digest_v and_o of_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o chyle_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n that_o receive_v it_o be_v but_o narrow_a require_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n to_o fill_v they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o brute_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o mr._n h_n error_n of_o judge_v or_o desire_v all_o thing_n whatever_o as_o necessary_a for_o its_o own_o preservation_n since_o from_o the_o intrinseck_n and_o constituent_a part_n of_o all_o animal_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n suffice_v to_o allay_v their_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o if_o so_o few_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n they_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o product_n which_o the_o earth_n so_o plentiful_o bring_v forth_o to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n since_o the_o finite_a quantity_n of_o their_o body_n limit_v their_o appetite_n to_o the_o desire_v and_o their_o power_n only_o to_o the_o use_v a_o few_o necessary_a thing_n from_o this_o use_n and_o necessity_n there_o arise_v a_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n among_o divers_a animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o allowance_n or_o permission_n of_o which_o distribution_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o mutual_a concord_n and_o benevolence_n among_o they_o and_o which_o their_o nature_n require_v for_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o if_o this_o innate_a love_n or_o desire_v of_o self-preservation_n in_o animal_n be_v limit_v after_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v now_o describe_v this_o once_o satisfy_v there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v withstand_v or_o obstruct_v the_o conservation_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n either_o by_o hinder_v their_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o need_v or_o in_o refuse_v to_o lend_v they_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o that_o it_o
example_n than_o nature_n i_o desire_v they_o to_o show_v i_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n so_o barbarous_a that_o do_v not_o go_v upon_o two_o leg_n as_o well_o as_o we_o and_o though_o child_n it_o be_v true_a before_o they_o can_v go_v must_v crawl_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o upon_o their_o hand_n and_o foot_n but_o knee_n for_o a_o man_n leg_n as_o be_v notorious_a to_o anatomist_n be_v so_o much_o long_a than_o his_o arm_n and_o be_v likewise_o so_o set_v on_o that_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o move_v in_o right-angle_n with_o the_o arm_n or_o foreleg_n as_o in_o brute_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o some_o beast_n as_o ape_n monkey_n and_o bear_n can_v sometime_o go_v upon_o their_o hind-feet_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o constant_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o present_a necessity_n be_v over_o they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o natural_a posture_n to_o conclude_v i_o think_v i_o may_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n to_o judge_v whether_o from_o all_o these_o natural_a observation_n from_o the_o frame_n of_o humane_a body_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o passion_n it_o do_v not_o evident_o appear_v that_o man_n happiness_n and_o subsistence_n in_o this_o life_n be_v not_o design_v by_o god_n to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o particular_a sensual_a pleasure_n or_o the_o mere_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o present_a appetite_n and_o passion_n restrain_v to_o himself_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_a but_o be_v rather_o intend_v for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n §_o 20._o have_v now_o dispatch_v those_o natural_a observation_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o constitution_n or_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n in_o order_n to_o the_o render_v he_o capable_a of_o serve_v the_o common_a good_a in_o the_o propagation_n of_o his_o species_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o head_n before_o lay_v down_o viz._n those_o excellency_n or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o humane_a soul_n or_o mind_n and_o in_o which_o he_o excel_v all_o other_o creature_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n mr._n 12._o h._n very_o well_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n to_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o event_n they_o see_v and_o that_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v a_o beginning_n to_o judge_v also_o that_o it_o have_v a_o cause_n which_o determine_v the_o same_o to_o begin_v when_o it_o do_v and_o also_o whereas_o there_o be_v no_o other_o felicity_n among_o beast_n but_o the_o enjoy_n their_o daily_a food_n ease_n and_o lust_n as_o have_v little_a or_o no_o foresight_n of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o want_v of_o observation_n and_o memory_n of_o the_o order_n consequence_n and_o dependence_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o see_v man_n alone_o observe_v how_o one_o event_n have_v be_v produce_v by_o another_o and_o therein_o remember_v the_o antecedence_n and_o consequence_n whence_o he_o certain_o must_v be_v endue_v with_o a_o large_a capacity_n for_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n without_o himself_o and_o be_v also_o able_a to_o make_v more_o curious_a and_o exact_a search_n into_o their_o cause_n and_o effect_n than_o the_o most_o sagacious_a brute_n who_o though_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o some_o few_o appetite_n or_o inclination_n towards_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n and_o a_o aversion_n for_o other_o that_o be_v hurtful_a to_o they_o yet_o this_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n stamp_v by_o god_n on_o their_o very_a nature_n and_o not_o from_o reason_n or_o deliberation_n as_o young_a wild-duck_n they_o say_v will_v run_v away_o from_o a_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v hatch_v and_o chicken_n know_v the_o kite_n though_o they_o never_o see_v she_o before_o and_o this_o not_o from_o any_o experience_n or_o rational_a deduction_n but_o as_o for_o man_n it_o be_v his_o faculty_n alone_o to_o proceed_v from_o some_o know_a principle_n to_o draw_v rational_a deduction_n or_o conclusion_n which_o be_v not_o know_v before_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o faculty_n we_o call_v right_o reason_n or_o ratiocination_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o bear_v with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o property_n belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o mere_a animal_n since_o we_o see_v child_n till_o they_o come_v to_o some_o year_n and_o fool_n and_o mad_a folk_n act_v without_o it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o live_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o therefore_o artificial_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o since_o all_o person_n of_o year_n of_o discretion_n and_o who_o will_v give_v themselves_o leisure_n to_o think_v may_v attain_v to_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o it_o for_o the_o well-government_n of_o their_o action_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o discover_v that_o duty_n they_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n which_o notion_n be_v peculiar_a to_o man_n and_o also_o common_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n either_o from_o man_n own_o particular_a observation_n or_o rational_a deduction_n or_o else_o from_o the_o instruction_n of_o other_o who_o themselves_z first_o find_v out_o such_o rational_a conclusion_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o their_o child_n or_o scholar_n with_o their_o first_o element_n of_o speech_n come_v in_o process_n of_o time_n have_v forget_v when_o those_o early_a notion_n be_v first_o instill_a into_o they_o to_o be_v take_v for_o connate_a idea_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v they_o have_v be_v by_o too_o many_o who_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v their_o original_a mistake_v for_o idea_n or_o notion_n impress_v by_o god_n upon_o their_o soul_n but_o leave_v this_o of_o which_o other_o have_v say_v enough_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n man_n have_v be_v always_o able_a to_o find_v out_o sufficient_a remedy_n for_o his_o own_o natural_a weakness_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o several_a art_n such_o as_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n for_o his_o preservation_n and_o cure_n when_o sick_a or_o hurt_v and_o also_o those_o of_o a_o more_o public_a nature_n such_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o policy_n or_o the_o well-government_n of_o common-weal_n of_o navigation_n warfare_n or_o the_o art_n military_a for_o his_o happiness_n and_o defence_n as_o a_o sociable_a creature_n so_o that_o though_o man_n be_v bear_v naked_a and_o without_o those_o natural_a defence_n and_o weapon_n with_o which_o divers_a brute_n be_v furnish_v by_o nature_n yet_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o faculty_n he_o be_v able_a not_o only_o much_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o from_o the_o violence_n and_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o provide_v himself_o with_o clothes_n house_n and_o victual_n beforehand_o since_o nature_n have_v not_o make_v he_o to_o live_v like_o beast_n upon_o those_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o spontaneous_o produce_v but_o can_v also_o tame_a subdue_v and_o kill_v the_o strong_a fierce_a and_o cunning_a brute_n and_o make_v they_o subservient_fw-fr to_o those_o end_n and_o design_n for_o which_o he_o please_v to_o employ_v they_o so_o likewise_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o judge_v of_o consequence_n from_o their_o antecedent_n and_o foresee_v the_o probability_n or_o improbability_n of_o future_a event_n he_o thereby_o distinguish_v between_o real_a and_o apparent_a good_n that_o be_v between_o such_o thing_n that_o may_v please_v for_o the_o present_a and_o do_v afterward_o hurt_v he_o and_o those_o which_o though_o they_o may_v seem_v displease_v for_o a_o time_n yet_o may_v after_o do_v he_o a_o great_a benefit_n which_o principle_n since_o they_o contain_v foundation_n of_o all_o morality_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o particular_o to_o set_v down_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a §_o 21._o first_o it_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v that_o every_o animal_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o natural_a principle_n whereby_o it_o be_v necessary_o incline_v to_o promote_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o wellbeing_a yet_o not_o exclude_v that_o of_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a that_o therefore_o which_o most_o conduce_v to_o this_o end_n be_v call_v a_o natural_a good_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o which_o be_v apt_a to_o obstruct_v and_o hinder_v it_o be_v evil_a among_o which_o good_n and_o evil_n there_o be_v several_a kind_n or_o degree_n according_a as_o thing_n be_v endue_v with_o more_o or_o less_o fitness_n or_o power_n to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v this_o end_n all_o which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a maxim_n or_o proposition_n as_o i_o have_v take_v they_o out_o of_o dr._n moor_n enchiridion_n