a_o point_n be_v that_o which_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o part_n a_o line_n be_v a_o longitude_n void_a of_o latitude_n a_o right_a line_n that_o which_o lie_v equal_o betwixt_o its_o point_n etc._n etc._n hypothesis_n in_o the_o first_o that_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a body_n a_o heaven_n a_o soul_n etc._n etc._n arithmetic_n that_o there_o be_v a_o unity_n seu_fw-la non_fw-la dari_fw-la maximum_fw-la numerum_fw-la that_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o high_a number_n geometry_n that_o there_o be_v a_o line_n that_o from_o one_o point_n to_o any_o other_o point_v a_o right_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v such_o as_o though_o they_o want_v not_o demonstration_n yet_o be_v they_o such_o as_o that_o out_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n mere_o know_v without_o the_o accession_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o they_o can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v true_a for_o although_o any_o one_o shall_v know_v what_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o name_n body_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o know_v by_o this_o that_o every_o body_n consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n nay_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o natural_a body_n if_o not_o assist_v by_o the_o help_n of_o his_o sense_n etc._n etc._n 4._o §_o hence_o be_v it_o that_o axiom_n ought_v to_o be_v hold_v by_o he_o that_o will_v learn_v any_o science_n before_o he_o come_v to_o his_o master_n theses_n not_o because_o these_o be_v to_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o science_n definition_n especial_o always_o but_o if_o know_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n hypothesis_n indeed_o need_v not_o etc._n etc._n ax._n 14._o now_o when_o a_o demonstration_n be_v conform_v to_o these_o law_n it_o not_o only_o prove_v that_o the_o affection_n be_v in_o the_o subject_a but_o also_o explain_v what_o that_o be_v and_o contain_v the_o perfect_a definition_n of_o it_o 1._o §_o that_o be_v contain_v all_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o it_o only_o in_o invert_v order_n for_o a_o demonstration_n be_v thus_o propose_v viz._n the_o earth_n be_v interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n and_o therefore_o the_o moon_n suffer_v a_o eclipse_n or_o a_o defect_n of_o light_n viz._n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o a_o definition_n thus_o viz._n a_o eclipse_n be_v a_o defect_n of_o light_n in_o the_o moon_n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n interposition_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o of_o demonstration_n why._n now_o come_v we_o to_o that_o which_o we_o call_v demonstratin_n that_o of_o which_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o also_o of_o that_o which_o the_o logician_n call_v a_o regress_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o and_o regress_n ax._n 1_o now_o of_o demonstration_n that_o the_o one_o be_v from_o the_o effect_n and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o remote_a cause_n ax._n 2._o of_o which_o that_o collect_v the_o cause_n from_o the_o effect_v sensible_a and_o this_o the_o effect_n from_o the_o remote_a cause_n 1._o §_o for_o example_n if_o any_o one_o rise_v something_o late_a than_o usual_a shall_v see_v the_o wall_n of_o his_o chamber_n collustrate_v with_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o collect_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o sun_n have_v be_v sometime_o rise_v this_o will_v be_v from_o the_o sensible_a effect_n from_o the_o remote_a cause_n this_o viz._n plant_n have_v not_o a_o sensitive_a soul_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v breath_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 3_o now_o that_o from_o the_o effect_n may_v be_v as_o well_o affirm_v as_o deny_v the_o remote_a cause_n always_o deny_v and_o conclude_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n in_o camestre_n and_o therefore_o as_o we_o collect_v plant_n live_v because_o they_o grow_v and_o be_v nourish_v so_o also_o may_v we_o that_o stone_n do_v not_o because_o they_o neither_o grow_v nor_o be_v nourish_v etc._n etc._n and_o as_o from_o a_o unequal_a concitate_v pulse_n of_o the_o artery_n we_o collect_v that_o there_o be_v a_o fever_n so_o also_o from_o a_o equal_a and_o sedate_v that_o there_o be_v none_o or_o that_o there_o be_v a_o immunity_n from_o a_o fever_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o all_o animal_n breathe_v because_o they_o have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n although_o it_o do_v that_o no_o plant_n do_v because_o it_o have_v not_o because_o have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o breathe_v etc._n etc._n 3._o §_o now_o of_o these_o two_o species_n of_o demonstration_n the_o first_o be_v much_o noble_a than_o the_o last_o first_o because_o it_o have_v more_o necessary_a proposition_n consist_v of_o the_o same_o term_n of_o which_o do_v the_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d second_o beget_v knowledge_n though_o not_o simple_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v in_o its_o genus_fw-la perfect_a for_o a_o cause_n can_v no_o other_o way_n be_v know_v but_o by_o its_o effect_n three_o it_o be_v frame_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n and_o may_v also_o be_v affirm_v whereas_o demonstration_n from_o the_o cause_n remote_a consist_v of_o less_o necessary_a proposition_n and_o not_o immediate_a neither_o do_v it_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o its_o own_o kind_a perfect_a neither_o can_v it_o be_v frame_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n etc._n etc._n both_o yet_o beget_v such_o a_o knowledge_n as_o that_o we_o may_v know_v whether_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o be_v not_o etc._n etc._n ax._n 4._o as_o soon_o then_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v deprehend_v from_o the_o sensible_a effect_n a_o comparison_n be_v institute_v between_o that_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n and_o when_o the_o mind_n by_o its_o sagacity_n discover_v that_o that_o cause_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o effect_n then_o a_o regress_n be_v make_v from_o the_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n by_o a_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o sometime_o the_o effect_n be_v unknown_a and_o the_o cause_n know_v and_o then_o immediate_o be_v make_v use_n of_o the_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o the_o effect_n perceive_v and_o cause_v unknown_a and_o then_o first_o the_o cause_n from_o the_o effect_n and_o then_o the_o effect_n from_o the_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o this_o sort_n of_o demonstration_n be_v usual_o call_v by_o the_o latin_n a_o regress_n in_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v first_o to_o be_v investigate_v by_o the_o effect_n and_o then_o from_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o those_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v a_o true_a and_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o those_o effect_n whereby_o we_o not_o only_o know_v that_o the_o effect_n be_v of_o which_o our_o sense_n be_v judge_n but_o also_o why_o and_o what_o they_o be_v further_a than_o which_o our_o mind_n can_v reach_v and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v for_o a_o account_n of_o true_a syllogism_n note_n and_o observation_n from_o the_o learned_a heereboord_n in_o relation_n to_o this_o 24_o chapter_n when_o the_o demonstration_n from_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v always_o negative_a by_o the_o ingenious_a author_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o restriction_n viz._n when_o it_o be_v large_a than_o the_o effect_n and_o not_o reciprocate_v with_o it_o as_o in_o the_o instance_n which_o he_o have_v give_v which_o be_v very_o true_a but_o sometime_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o the_o remote_a cause_n may_v be_v equal_a to_o and_o not_o large_a than_o the_o effect_n and_o then_o it_o be_v reciprocate_v with_o it_o and_o may_v be_v affirm_v as_o in_o this_o instance_n those_o thing_n which_o be_v animal_n vegetative_a be_v nourish_v plant_n be_v animal_n vegetative_a and_o therefore_o they_o be_v nourish_v wherein_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v the_o remote_a cause_n for_o the_o next_o be_v the_o nutritive_a faculty_n and_o yet_o the_o syllogism_n proceed_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n and_o be_v affirm_v because_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v adequate_a to_o the_o effect_n and_o reciprocate_v with_o it_o for_o whatsoever_o be_v nourish_v have_v a_o vegetative_a soul_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o have_v not_o etc._n etc._n chap._n xxv_o of_o sophism_n ax._n 1_o next_o follow_v syllogism_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o fallacious_a which_o counterfeit_v a_o show_n of_o the_o true_a produce_v error_n or_o a_o ignorance_n of_o deprave_a disposition_n commentary_n 1._o §_o now_o precept_n concern_v this_o be_v very_o necessary_a in_o logic_n for_o fear_n lest_o other_o shall_v impose_v upon_o we_o for_o he_o that_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v deceive_v by_o another_o and_o be_v not_o aware_a of_o it_o may_v also_o be_v deceive_v by_o himself_o 2._o §_o but_o say_v they_o who_o wo'n_v admit_v of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o fallacious_a syllogism_n in_o logic_n the_o right_o be_v the_o rule_n both_o of_o itself_o and_o the_o wrong_n
similitude_n accident_n in_o the_o concrete_a as_o just_o white_a etc._n etc._n in_o which_o the_o subject_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o matter_n accident_n in_o the_o abstract_n be_v the_o form_n in_o which_o number_n also_o be_v work_n perform_v by_o art_n of_o this_o place_n also_o be_v those_o thing_n in_o which_o be_v distinguish_v material_a and_o formal_a or_o in_o which_o there_o be_v something_o analogous_a to_o matter_n and_o form_n so_o the_o matter_n of_o discipline_n be_v precept_n the_o form_n method_n of_o interpretation_n voice_n the_o form_n signification_n this_o whole_a use_n to_o be_v call_v physical_a because_o physics_n vindicate_v to_o themselves_o the_o consideration_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n vulgar_o it_o be_v call_v essential_a ax._n 12._o a_o integral_a whole_a be_v that_o which_o have_v part_n out_o of_o part._n 1._o §_o now_o essential_a part_n be_v real_o different_a for_o matter_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o form_n another_o but_o yet_o one_o part_n be_v not_o out_o of_o another_o for_o matter_n permeate_n matter_n and_o inform_v all_o its_o part_n but_o part_n integral_a because_o each_o be_v endue_v with_o his_o proper_a quantity_n not_o only_o differ_v in_o themselves_o but_o also_o site_n or_o at_o least_o order_n so_o that_o one_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o another_o for_o this_o it_o be_v to_o have_v part_n out_o of_o part._n for_o example_n the_o part_n of_o the_o human_a body_n be_v head_n breast_n belly_n limb_n of_o the_o which_o one_o contain_v not_o another_o so_o the_o part_n of_o number_n be_v divers_a and_o one_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o another_o this_o whole_a be_v term_v mathematical_a because_o quantity_n be_v of_o mathematical_a consideration_n vulgar_o integral_a more_o proper_o integrate_a ax._n 13._o a_o integral_a whole_a be_v either_o continue_a or_o discrete_a ax._n 14._o both_o be_v divide_v into_o homogeneal_a and_o heterogenal_a that_o be_v similar_v and_o dissimilar_v ax._n 15._o homogeneal_a be_v that_o which_o have_v part_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o nature_n ax._n 16._o heterogeneal_a of_o a_o diverse_a 1._o §_o this_o distribution_n of_o the_o whole_a integral_n be_v extant_a in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o hist_n an._n cap._n 1._o and_o book_n 2._o of_o the_o part_n of_o an._n cap._n 1._o and_o book_n 1._o of_o the_o gener._n of_o an._n cap._n 1._o for_o example_n inanimate_a substance_n as_o water_n wine_n flesh_n also_o magnitude_n motion_n and_o time_n be_v whole_n homogeneal_a continual_a the_o body_n of_o animate_v heterogeneal_a continual_a number_n as_o three_o ten_o be_v whole_n homogeneal_a discrete_a a_o army_n church_n the_o world_n heterogeneal_a and_o of_o the_o same_o denomination_n ax._n 17._o a_o part_n heterogeneal_a be_v either_o principal_a or_o less_o principal_a ax._n 18._o that_o be_v a_o principal_a by_o who_o ablation_n or_o take_v away_o the_o whole_a be_v destroy_v ax._n 19_o the_o less_o by_o who_o take_v away_o the_o whole_a be_v only_o maim_v or_o mutilate_v 1._o §_o for_o example_n hand_n brain_n heart_n liver_n be_v principal_a part_n of_o man_n because_o these_o take_v away_o of_o necessity_n the_o man_n must_v die_v foot_n hand_n ear_n etc._n etc._n be_v less_o principal_a because_o these_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a a_o man_n shall_v die_v ax._n 20._o a_o whole_a by_o accident_n be_v chief_o say_v four_o way_n and_o first_o of_o a_o cause_n of_o divers_a effect_n second_o a_o effect_n of_o divers_a cause_n three_o of_o a_o subject_a of_o divers_a adjunct_n fourthly_a of_o a_o adjunct_n of_o divers_a subject_n 1._o §_o first_o a_o cause_n of_o divers_a effect_n and_o so_o a_o plant_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o whole_a because_o of_o plant_n some_o heat_n other_o cool_a etc._n etc._n second_o a_o effect_n of_o divers_a cause_n as_o mouse_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o sun_n other_o of_o mouse_n etc._n etc._n three_o a_o subject_a of_o divers_a adjunct_n as_o man_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v bond_n some_o free_a some_o good_a some_o bad_a etc._n etc._n a_o adjunct_n of_o divers_a subject_n as_o disease_n some_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o mind_n some_o the_o body_n these_o again_o either_o of_o the_o brain_n eye_n light_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xv._o of_o cause_n and_o cause_v in_o general_n ax._n 1_o a_o cause_n be_v that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o which_o a_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v commentary_n 1._o §_o principle_n element_n and_o cause_n be_v word_n that_o be_v ally_v in_o signification_n principle_n be_v either_o large_o take_v or_o strict_o large_o it_o be_v define_v book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaphysic_n cap._n 1._o to_o be_v the_o first_o from_o whence_o any_o thing_n be_v or_o exist_v or_o be_v know_v more_o strict_o book_v 4._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 5._o where_o principle_n be_v define_v to_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v neither_o from_o one_o another_o nor_o other_o and_o of_o and_o from_o which_o be_v all_o thing_n in_o this_o sense_n there_o be_v only_o reckon_v three_o viz._n matter_n form_n and_o privation_n the_o definition_n of_o element_n be_v extant_a book_n 4._o of_o the_o metaphysic_n cap._n 3._o and_o be_v thus_o a_o element_n be_v that_o our_o of_o which_o any_o thing_n at_o the_o first_o be_v compound_v in_o which_o it_o be_v and_o which_o in_o its_o own_o species_n be_v indivisible_a into_o any_o other_o species_n 2._o §_o cause_o be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v that_o by_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o be_v which_o confer_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o thing_n existence_n and_o therefore_o privation_n can_v be_v a_o cause_n because_o it_o confer_v nothing_o but_o only_o towards_o its_o mutation_n ax._n 2._o a_o cause_v be_v that_o which_o be_v constitute_v of_o its_o cause_n ax._n 3_o the_o cause_n be_v before_o it_o be_v cause_v both_o in_o nature_n and_o knowledge_n 1._o §_o in_o nature_n because_o the_o cause_v depend_v upon_o the_o cause_n knowledge_n that_o be_v simple_o and_o distinct_a knowledge_n which_o follow_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n for_o to_o we_o the_o cause_n be_v more_o know_v than_o it_o because_o near_o to_o the_o sense_n for_o from_o the_o sense_n do_v we_o derive_v all_o our_o sensible_a knowledge_n ax._n 4._o the_o cause_n be_v four_o viz._n matter_n form_n efficient_a and_o end_n 1._o §_o this_o partition_n be_v extant_a book_n 2._o of_o the_o post_n cap._n 2._o book_n 2._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 3._o and_o book_n 4._o cap._n 2._o and_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o best_a reason_n for_o whatever_o be_v make_v be_v make_v by_o another_o for_o nothing_o be_v make_v by_o its_o self_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o efficient_a cause_n nothing_o finite_a can_v produce_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o nothing_o there_o be_v therefore_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o form_n which_o be_v introduce_v upon_o that_o matter_n when_o thing_n be_v make_v nothing_o last_o act_n without_o design_n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o end_n for_o who_o sake_n the_o cause_n efficient_a act_n ax._n 5._o the_o cause_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v call_v the_o compose_v of_o the_o efficient_a the_o effect_n of_o the_o end_n the_o mean_n or_o design_v and_o these_o differ_v not_o in_o reality_n but_o reason_n 1_o §_o and_o since_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o cause_v four_o cause_n concur_v as_o in_o all_o corporeal_a thing_n there_o do_v it_o ought_v not_o to_o seem_v strange_a that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n shall_v be_v call_v compose_v effect_v mean_n etc._n etc._n according_a as_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o divers_a cause_n ax._n 6._o in_o every_o genus_fw-la there_o be_v a_o certain_a subordination_n of_o cause_n ax._n 7._o subordinate_a be_v those_o that_o depend_v one_o upon_o another_o 1._o §_o to_o wit_n either_o as_o to_o their_o existence_n and_o so_o the_o son_n upon_o the_o father_n the_o father_n upon_o the_o grandfather_n or_o causality_n and_o so_o the_o quill_n upon_o the_o hand_n in_o write_v or_o both_o and_o so_o the_o second_o cause_n upon_o the_o first_o or_o creature_n upon_o god_n ax._n 8._o cause_n likewise_o be_v say_v either_o to_o be_v essential_o or_o accidental_o subordinate_v ax._n 9_o essential_o be_v those_o of_o which_o one_o depend_v upon_o another_o when_o and_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o cause_v ax._n 10._o accidental_o of_o which_o one_o indeed_o depend_v upon_o another_o but_o not_o when_o or_o in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o cause_v 1._o §_o and_o so_o a_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v two_o way_n subordinate_v by_o accident_n first_o when_o it_o depend_v indeed_o upon_o a_o superior_a cause_n but_o not_o when_o that_o be_v when_o it_o cause_n and_o this_o be_v effect_v when_o it_o depend_v upon_o it_o
that_o it_o be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o patient_n and_o two_o unlike_a unto_o it_o 1._o §_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v precept_v book_n 7._o physics_n cap._n 3._o and_o the_o other_o book_n 1._o of_o gener._n and_o corrup_n cap._n 7._o a_o efficient_a be_v say_v to_o be_v two_o way_n join_v to_o the_o patient_n to_o wit_n either_o by_o existence_n vulgar_o call_v suppositum_fw-la or_o virtue_n for_o example_n when_o fire_n burn_v wood_n it_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o wood_n by_o its_o existence_n when_o heat_n the_o sitter_n by_o it_o be_v not_o join_v to_o they_o by_o its_o existence_n but_o power_n or_o virtue_n 2._o §_o a_o agent_n likewise_o be_v say_v to_o be_v two_o way_n unlike_o the_o patient_n either_o as_o to_o species_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o first_o manner_n hot_a to_o cold_a in_o the_o last_o that_o which_o be_v more_o hot_a to_o that_o which_o be_v less_o hot_a or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o cold_a to_o that_o which_o be_v less_o cold_a those_o which_o neither_o the_o one_o can_v act_v upon_o the_o other_o or_o suffer_v from_o it_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n ax._n 9_o three_o the_o efficient_a be_v divide_v into_o free_a and_o necessary_a ax._n 10._o a_o free_a be_v that_o which_o cause_n consult_o or_o with_o design_n ax._n 11._o a_o necessary_a not_o but_o by_o necessity_n of_o nature_n 1._o §_o liberty_n in_o general_n be_v a_o faculty_n of_o do_v what_o one_o please_v and_o therefore_o he_o who_o be_v absolute_o free_a be_v free_a from_o all_o servitude_n law_n impose_v upon_o he_o by_o other_o coaction_n and_o necessity_n of_o nature_n but_o when_o the_o will_n be_v say_v to_o be_v free_a and_o a_o free_a cause_n oppose_v to_o a_o necessary_a nothing_o far_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o name_n of_o liberty_n but_o a_o immunity_n from_o coaction_n necessity_n and_o natural_a determination_n for_o he_o who_o be_v a_o servant_n or_o subject_a to_o another_o law_n enjoy_v the_o liberty_n of_o his_o own_o will_n when_o he_o judge_n that_o he_o be_v to_o live_v according_a to_o the_o law_n or_o beck_n of_o he_o with_o who_o he_o live_v but_o natural_a necessity_n and_o coaction_n evert_v liberty_n why_o therefore_o be_v not_o co-act_a cause_n contain_v in_o this_o division_n because_o he_o who_o be_v compel_v be_v so_o compel_v by_o another_o as_o that_o he_o conduce_v nothing_o to_o the_o effect_n himself_o and_o therefore_o can_v be_v number_v among_o the_o efficient_n 2._o §_o by_o natural_a necessity_n we_o understand_v not_o only_o that_o by_o which_o inanimate_a thing_n act_v as_o plant_n but_o that_o also_o by_o which_o brute_n and_o infant_n before_o the_o use_v of_o reason_n for_o the_o action_n of_o brute_n and_o infant_n proceed_v almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n from_o natural_a instinct_n and_o sense_n as_o do_v the_o action_n of_o plant_n from_o nature_n itself_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o division_n immediate_o oppose_v and_o in_o this_o be_v contain_v all_o the_o species_n of_o cause_n which_o follow_v ax._n 12._o a_o free_a cause_n can_v act_v and_o not_o act_n what_o how_o and_o when_o it_o please_v ax._n 13._o a_o necessary_a be_v determine_v to_o one_o certain_a thing_n and_o act_n both_o when_o and_o as_o much_o as_o it_o can_v 1._o §_o for_o example_n for_o this_o cause_n be_v one_o say_v free_o to_o dispute_v or_o write_v because_o voluntary_o and_o of_o one_o own_o accord_n one_o dispute_n or_o write_v and_o also_o because_o one_o can_v dispute_v or_o not_o dispute_v and_o the_o disputation_n begin_v can_v at_o will_v interrupt_v or_o do_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o our_o own_o power_n for_o to_o these_o only_o do_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o will_v extend_v cause_n necessary_a be_v determine_v to_o one_o thing_n that_o be_v they_o can_v but_o can_v but_o act_v and_o that_o only_a which_o they_o do_v and_o nothing_o else_o and_o as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v so_o fire_n can_v but_o heat_v fit_a matter_n and_o heat_v every_o thing_n so_o much_o as_o that_o it_o can_v heat_v it_o any_o more_o ax._n 14._o four_o cause_o efficient_a be_v divide_v into_o cause_n by_o it_o self_n and_o cause_n by_o accident_n ax._n 15._o cause_o by_o itself_o be_v that_o which_o as_o it_o be_v such_o produces_z a_o effect_n of_o its_o own_o council_n and_o agreeable_a to_o its_o natural_a disposition_n ax._n 16._o by_o accident_n which_o not_o as_o such_o or_o else_o beside_o its_o own_o council_n or_o natural_a propension_n 1._o §_o that_o a_o cause_n efficient_a be_v a_o cause_n of_o itself_o two_o condition_n thus_o be_v require_v first_o that_o the_o effect_v answer_v to_o its_o council_n or_o natural_a propension_n to_o its_o council_n if_o a_o free_a propension_n if_o a_o necessary_a the_o other_o that_o it_o produce_v it_o as_o such_o if_o either_o of_o these_o be_v want_v the_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v by_o accident_n if_o the_o first_o because_o some_o event_n or_o effect_v by_o accident_n coheres_fw-la with_o the_o effect_n which_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o cause_n efficient_a by_o itself_o as_o when_o one_o dig_v up_o the_o earth_n find_v a_o treasure_n for_o to_o dig_v the_o earth_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o dig_a by_o itself_o with_o which_o effect_n the_o find_n of_o the_o treasure_n by_o accident_n that_o be_v beside_o the_o council_n of_o the_o dig_a and_o nature_n of_o the_o digging_z be_v join_v so_o when_o a_o animal_n beget_v a_o monster_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o monster_n by_o accident_n because_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o monster_n be_v join_v with_o that_o of_o nature_n by_o accident_n and_o beside_o its_o scope_n and_o intention_n if_o the_o latter_a that_o be_v if_o the_o latter_a qualification_n be_v want_v the_o cause_n be_v say_v by_o accident_n because_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o ascribe_v to_o the_o cause_n but_o that_o which_o happen_v to_o it_o as_o when_o polyclete_n or_o a_o musician_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o statue_n for_o neither_o do_v polyclete_n make_v the_o statue_n as_o he_o be_v polyclete_n or_o musician_n as_o he_o be_v musician_n but_o a_o statuary_n for_o it_o be_v accidental_a to_o the_o statuary_n that_o he_o be_v either_o polyclete_n or_o a_o musician_n see_v book_n 2._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 2._o ax._n 17._o to_o cause_v by_o accident_n be_v reduce_v fortune_n and_o chance_n 1._o §_o videlicet_fw-la to_o the_o first_o species_n of_o it_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o effect_n fortune_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v define_v by_o aristotle_n book_n 2._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 5._o thus_o it_o be_v therefore_o manifest_a that_o fortune_n be_v a_o cause_n by_o accident_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o something_o and_o consult_o undertake_v by_o themistius_n in_o his_o periphrase_n upon_o this_o place_n more_o full_o to_o be_v a_o cause_n by_o accident_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o neither_o necessary_o nor_o often_o but_o rare_o happen_v and_o in_o those_o alone_o which_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o something_o be_v consult_o undertake_v 2._o §_o now_o chance_n in_o creek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o cause_n by_o accident_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o rare_o happen_v and_o that_o in_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v undertake_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o another_o and_o not_o only_o consult_o for_o chance_n extend_v far_a than_o fortune_n for_o whereas_o both_o be_v cause_n by_o accident_n which_o act_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o some_o end_n and_o be_v conversant_a in_o thing_n rare_o happen_v fortune_n only_o be_v place_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o act_v consult_o chance_v also_o in_o those_o which_o act_n by_o necessity_n of_o nature_n as_o in_o infant_n brute_n plant_n and_o also_o inanimate_a thing_n in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o fortune_n as_o for_o instance_n when_o any_o one_o dig_v find_v a_o treasure_n we_o may_v say_v that_o it_o be_v by_o chance_n or_o fortune_n do_v but_o when_o a_o tile_n fall_v from_o a_o house_n shall_v wound_v a_o passer_n by_o that_o be_v we_o say_v by_o chance_n not_o fortune_n do_v all_o fortune_n therefore_o be_v chance_n but_o not_o on_o the_o contrary_a as_o be_v say_v book_n the_o same_o cap._n 6._o although_o '_o these_o word_n be_v often_o confound_v ax._n 18._o five_o cause_o efficient_a be_v divide_v into_o principal_a and_o less_o principal_a ax._n 19_o a_o principal_n be_v that_o which_o produce_v the_o effect_n by_o its_o own_o virtue_n ax._n 20._o a_o less_o which_o inserve_n the_o principal_a towards_o its_o produce_v the_o effect_n ax._n 21._o the_o principal_a cause_n be_v either_o equal_a to_o or_o noble_a never_o worse_o than_o
the_o effect_n the_o less_o principal_a as_o far_o as_o it_o cause_v be_v always_o worse_o then_o or_o inferior_a to_o the_o effect_n 1._o §_o when_o we_o compare_v the_o effect_n with_o the_o cause_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o cause_n as_o it_o be_v such_o that_o be_v according_a to_o that_o virtue_n by_o which_o it_o cause_v when_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v such_o as_o that_o it_o contain_v in_o it_o whatever_o be_v in_o the_o effect_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o principal_a cause_n the_o effect_n be_v say_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o cause_n either_o formal_o or_o eminent_o when_o formal_o or_o the_o effect_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o cause_n the_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v univocal_a and_o be_v equal_a to_o its_o effect_n as_o when_o heat_n beget_v heat_n or_o a_o mouse_n a_o mouse_n when_o eminent_o or_o the_o cause_n by_o a_o noble_a sort_n of_o virtue_n produce_v the_o effect_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v aequivocal_a and_o be_v better_a than_o its_o effect_n as_o when_o light_n produce_v heat_n or_o the_o architect_n a_o house_n when_o neither_o formal_o nor_o eminent_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v less_o principal_a and_o that_o not_o so_o much_o effect_n as_o subserve_v the_o principal_a in_o produce_v the_o effect_n ax._n 22._o the_o less_o principal_a be_v subdivide_v into_o procatarctical_a proëgumenal_a and_o instrumental_a ax._n 23._o procatarctical_a be_v that_o which_o extrinsical_o excite_v the_o principal_a cause_n to_o action_n ax._n 24._o the_o proëgumenal_a which_o inward_o dispose_v or_o also_o excite_v the_o principal_a cause_n to_o action_n 1._o the_o cause_n in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o procatarctical_a in_o latin_a may_v be_v call_v incipiens_fw-la or_o inchoans_fw-la that_o be_v beginning_n or_o inchoat_v and_o be_v either_o object_n occasion_n author_n or_o merit_n so_o far_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o object_n as_o it_o move_v or_o excite_v the_o principal_a cause_n to_o action_n occasion_n be_v the_o conveniency_n of_o time_n and_o place_n to_o act_v in_o which_o itself_o also_o have_v some_o force_n of_o move_v to_o action_n in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o remove_v impediment_n to_o action_n author_n here_o be_v say_v to_o be_v he_o who_o propose_v reason_n persuade_v the_o principal_a cause_n either_o to_o or_o from_o action_n he_o be_v also_o call_v the_o moral_a cause_n merit_n or_o meritorious_a cause_n be_v that_o which_o move_v the_o agent_n to_o a_o requital_n and_o that_o either_o in_o good_a or_o evil_a thing_n and_o even_o all_o these_o be_v without_o the_o principal_a cause_n in_o which_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o proegumenal_a which_o consist_v in_o the_o principal_a cause_n itself_o for_o example_n if_o any_o one_o walk_v about_o in_o the_o night_n shall_v see_v many_o precious_a thing_n in_o the_o open_a house_n of_o his_o enemy_n from_o who_o just_o before_o he_o have_v receive_v a_o injury_n to_o be_v negligent_o keep_v and_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o another_o shall_v take_v they_o away_o the_o objective_a cause_n of_o of_o this_o will_v be_v the_o precious_a thing_n themselves_o exciting_a the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o thief_n the_o occasion_n the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n and_o open_a house_n which_o in_o no_o little_a measure_n further_o he_o in_o his_o purpose_n the_o author_n or_o moral_a cause_n he_o who_o instigate_v he_o the_o meritorious_a the_o injury_n receive_v for_o which_o the_o thief_n come_v to_o be_v more_o prone_a to_o steal_v the_o proëgumenal_a cause_n be_v the_o proper_a avarice_n of_o the_o thief_n farthermore_o author_n or_o cause_n moral_a have_v place_n only_o in_o voluntary_a cause_n object_n occasion_n meritorious_a and_o proëgumental_a also_o in_o other_o occasion_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o cause_n meritorious_a as_o when_o a_o injury_n commit_v or_o do_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o fight_n or_o war_n or_o slaughter_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n if_o feign_v be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o latin_n pretext_n the_o proëgumenal_a either_o dispose_v only_o the_o principal_a cause_n as_o when_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o body_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o manner_n or_o also_o move_v it_o and_o spur_n it_o on_o as_o when_o anger_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o revenge_n or_o avarice_n of_o theft_n 2._o §_o the_o procatarctical_a and_o proëgumenal_a cause_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o physic_n for_o physician_n reduce_v almost_o all_o disease_n to_o three_o cause_n procatarctical_a proegumenal_a and_o synectical_a or_o contain_v the_o procatarctical_a with_o they_o be_v the_o external_n and_o evident_a cause_n the_o other_o two_o the_o internal_a and_o hide_a cause_n the_o proëgumenal_a the_o antecedent_n the_o contain_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o which_o be_v connate_a with_o and_o also_o exist_v together_o with_o the_o disease_n and_o coheres_fw-la immediate_o with_o it_o and_o this_o with_o we_o be_v the_o next_o cause_n for_o example_n the_o procatarctical_a cause_n of_o the_o fever_n be_v either_o cold_a or_o the_o astringent_a bath_n the_o proëgumenal_a the_o skin_n bind_v up_o and_o evaporation_n hinder_v the_o contain_v the_o humour_n putrescent_fw-la and_o accend_v ax._n 25._o the_o instrumental_a cause_n be_v that_o which_o subserve_v the_o principal_a cause_n in_o its_o effect_v 1._o §_o all_o instrument_n subserve_v not_o the_o principal_a in_o the_o like_a manner_n for_o there_o be_v some_o instrument_n join_v to_o the_o principal_a cause_n in_o act_v and_o there_o be_v some_o in_o act_v separate_a from_o they_o those_o be_v instrument_n conjoin_v of_o which_o the_o principal_a cause_n make_v use_v in_o the_o effection_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o these_o be_v either_o active_a as_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o fire_n or_o passive_a as_o a_o knife_n a_o sword_n etc._n etc._n separate_a instrument_n be_v those_o which_o act_n in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o the_o principal_a cause_n so_o the_o ambassador_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o seed_n seem_v to_o many_o the_o instrument_n of_o generation_n but_o mistaken_o for_o separate_v instrument_n have_v no_o place_n in_o natural_n but_o moral_n and_o this_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o next_o maxim_n viz._n ax._n 26._o the_o essence_n of_o instrument_n consist_v in_o their_o fitness_n for_o use_v 1._o §_o instrument_n say_v aristotle_n book_n 2._o of_o an._n cap._n 4._o in_o office_n and_o uses_n be_v distinguish_v or_o convene_v among_o themselves_o for_o every_o instrument_n be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v because_o and_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o some_o certain_a use_n so_o a_o axe_n be_v so_o far_o a_o axe_n as_o that_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o its_o matter_n and_o form_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o cut_v and_o the_o eye_n so_o far_o a_o eye_n as_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o see_v with_o for_o the_o eye_n the_o hand_n and_o other_o organical_a part_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n when_o dead_a be_v not_o eye_n or_o hand_n unless_o homonymous_o or_o ambiguous_o that_o be_v doubtful_o as_o aristotle_n say_v book_n 4._o of_o the_o meteor_n cap._n 17._o ax._n 27._o six_o cause_v efficient_a be_v divide_v into_o first_o and_o second_o ax._n 28._o the_o first_o be_v that_o which_o depend_v upon_o none_o ax._n 29._o the_o second_o which_o depend_v upon_o the_o first_o 1._o §_o a_o cause_n be_v two_o way_n say_v to_o be_v first_o to_o wit_n absolute_o or_o in_o its_o own_o genus_fw-la that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v absolute_o on_o which_o all_o thing_n depend_v both_o when_o they_o be_v make_v exist_v and_o operate_v or_o as_o they_o say_v in_o fieri_fw-la esse_fw-la and_o operation_n the_o cause_n absolute_o first_o be_v only_o one_o to_o wit_n god_n for_o all_o thing_n depend_v on_o god_n both_o as_o to_o their_o make_v be_v and_o operate_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o apostle_n st._n paul_n act_v 17._o in_o he_o we_o live_v and_o move_v and_o have_v our_o be_v furthermore_o all_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o depend_v upon_o god_n as_o they_o be_v make_v or_o in_o fieri_fw-la as_o they_o say_v by_o reason_n of_o creation_n and_o that_o either_o proximate_o or_o remote_o as_o they_o be_v or_o in_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o conservation_n as_o they_o operate_v of_o his_o providence_n either_o ordinary_o or_o extraordinary_o etc._n etc._n 2._o §_o that_o cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v first_o in_o its_o own_o genus_fw-la on_o which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la depend_v such_o a_o first_o cause_n be_v not_o only_o give_v in_o every_o genus_fw-la of_o cause_n but_o also_o in_o every_o subordination_n so_o adam_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o man_n in_o his_o species_n
their_o hunger_n ax._n 14._o second_o that_o to_o which_o convene_v one_o equal_a to_o that_o also_o convene_v the_o other_o and_o that_o to_o which_o one_o not_o to_o that_o neither_o convene_v the_o other_o 1._o §_o as_o christ_n have_v the_o power_n of_o miraculous_o heal_v the_o paralytic_a and_o therefore_o to_o forgive_v sin_n a_o magnanimous_a man_n do_v not_o become_v a_o hasty_a gate_n and_o therefore_o not_o a_o speech_n ax._n 15._o the_o three_o rule_n be_v that_o which_o agree_v to_o one_o of_o the_o equal_n that_o also_o to_o the_o other_o and_o that_o which_o not_o to_o one_o that_o also_o not_o to_o the_o other_o etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o as_o orpheus_n pollux_n theseus_n and_o hercules_n may_v go_v to_o the_o infernal_a world_n and_o therefore_o that_o benefit_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v to_o aeneas_n who_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o they_o in_o nobility_n of_o stock_n about_o which_o aeneas_n dispute_v in_o virgil_n in_o this_o manner_n si_fw-mi potuit_fw-la manes_fw-la etc._n etc._n english_v by_o mr._n ogilby_n in_o this_o manner_n can_v orpheus_n make_v his_o bride_n from_o shade_n retire_v with_o pleasant_a note_n from_o his_o enchant_a lyre_n if_o pollux_n can_v by_o a_o alternate_a death_n his_o brother_n ease_n and_o tread_v so_o oft_o one_o path_n why_o shall_v i_o theseus_n or_o alcides_n name_n and_o my_o progenitor_n from_o great_a jove_n come_v etc._n etc._n thus_o also_o we_o may_v argue_v tyrus_n do_v not_o sustain_v the_o force_n of_o alexander_n and_o therefore_o jerusalem_n have_v not_o do_v it_o if_o alexander_n have_v besiege_a that_o etc._n etc._n 2._o §_o all_o the_o canon_n from_o the_o compare_v place_n have_v great_a probability_n and_o be_v almost_o certain_a if_o the_o argument_n be_v well_o compare_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n that_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o subject_a or_o predicate_v of_o the_o question_n and_o not_o any_o thing_n else_o which_o be_v add_v in_o determine_v the_o subject_a or_o predicate_v for_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v do_v the_o illation_n will_v be_v foolish_a as_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v argue_v luscus_n can_v see_v a_o ox_n a_o great_a way_n off_o and_o therefore_o a_o little_a bird_n and_o that_o from_o this_o canon_n that_o to_o which_o the_o great_a agree_v to_o that_o also_o the_o less_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o error_n consist_v in_o the_o evil_a comparison_n for_o although_o the_o ox_n be_v great_a thou_o the_o bird_n yet_o do_v it_o require_v a_o great_a perspicacity_n to_o see_v a_o little_a bird_n a_o great_a way_n off_o than_o a_o ox._n ax._n 16._o place_n from_o like_a and_o unlike_a be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n to_o prove_v or_o refel_v but_o however_o we_o will_v recite_v their_o canon_n and_o so_o proceed_v 1._o §_o to_o that_o of_o testimony_n and_o the_o first_o be_v that_o to_o the_o like_o the_o like_o agree_v and_o the_o second_o that_o the_o like_a to_o the_o unlike_a do_v not_o as_o if_o one_o shall_v attempt_v to_o prove_v that_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v common_a among_o man_n because_o so_o among_o beast_n one_o may_v answer_v the_o ratio_fw-la of_o man_n and_o beast_n be_v not_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n shall_v agree_v to_o one_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o other_o be_v not_o necessary_a because_o that_o the_o like_a shall_v agree_v to_o the_o unlike_a be_v not_o necessary_a etc._n etc._n ax._n 17._o now_o that_o from_o testimony_n have_v ten_o canon_n and_o first_o that_o of_o the_o divine_a be_v most_o firm_a and_o also_o of_o its_o self_n most_o worthy_a of_o belief_n 1._o §_o under_o which_o notion_n be_v contain_v not_o only_o such_o as_o proceed_v from_o god_n himself_o as_o that_o of_o this_o be_v my_o belove_a son_n etc._n etc._n but_o also_o such_o as_o be_v write_v or_o say_v by_o man_n who_o it_o appear_v be_v divine_o inspire_v such_o as_o be_v the_o prophet_n and_o holy_a apostle_n etc._n etc._n but_o at_o this_o day_n none_o be_v to_o be_v receive_v for_o divine_a but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o canonical_a book_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n ax._n 18._o second_o the_o next_o in_o degree_n to_o that_o of_o the_o divine_a be_v the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n as_o well_o the_o external_n as_o the_o internal_a to_o which_o appertain_v the_o testimony_n of_o conscience_n 1._o §_o the_o force_n of_o conscience_n be_v great_a say_v cicero_n for_o milo_n and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o judgement_n as_o that_o those_o shall_v not_o fear_v who_o have_v commit_v none_o ill_a those_o again_o have_v continual_o punishment_n before_o their_o eye_n that_o have_v sin_v but_o in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o our_o life_n and_o in_o all_o thing_n for_o god_n have_v implant_v in_o our_o nature_n a_o certain_a force_n of_o assent_v to_o some_o most_o universal_a and_o know_v proposition_n of_o truth_n on_o which_o lean_a art_n and_o science_n as_o well_o theoretical_a as_o practical_a to_o wit_n such_o as_o these_o viz._n that_o the_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o its_o part._n to_o god_n be_v due_a religion_n to_o parent_n honour_n to_o the_o magistrate_n obedience_n etc._n etc._n which_o he_o that_o believe_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v shake_v hand_n with_o his_o conscience_n and_o bid_v adieu_n to_o the_o proper_a force_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n second_o not_o less_o be_v the_o force_n of_o the_o external_n sense_n who_o judgement_n whosoever_o deny_v to_o be_v true_a at_o the_o same_o time_n take_v away_o the_o science_n and_o all_o assent_n of_o the_o mind_n have_v bring_v a_o infelicity_n upon_o himself_o like_o that_o of_o the_o sceptic_n and_o academic_n ax._n 19_o no_o humane_a testimony_n in_o the_o three_o place_n as_o humane_a that_o be_v as_o brought_z forth_o by_o man_n or_o proceed_v mere_o from_o man_n as_o man_n be_v of_o so_o much_o authority_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v question_v both_o because_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o humane_a condition_n not_o to_o err_v and_o because_o man_n be_v so_o easy_o carry_v away_o by_o their_o affection_n through_o the_o force_n of_o which_o they_o embrace_v that_o as_o a_o truth_n which_o in_o their_o sedate_n mood_n they_o know_v even_o to_o be_v false_a ax._n 20._o four_o that_o which_o lean_v upon_o the_o tacit_a consent_v of_o all_o man_n be_v before_z other_o the_o most_o likely_a 1._o §_o as_o that_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v immortal_a and_o such_o like_a which_o lean_a upon_o no_o less_o than_o the_o dictate_v of_o every_o man_n be_v natural_a reason_n and_o conscience_n in_o this_o number_n yet_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v those_o old_a wife_n saying_n among_o the_o vulgar_a viz._n such_o as_o these_o that_o swan_n sing_v most_o sweet_o when_o they_o come_v to_o die_v bear_n bring_v forth_o misshapen_v cub_n etc._n etc._n for_o these_o no_o wise_a man_n will_v give_v any_o heed_n to_o ax._n 21._o five_o in_o a_o case_n where_o man_n disagree_v in_o their_o testimony_n that_o which_o the_o most_o and_o the_o wise_a assert_v be_v the_o most_o likely_a to_o be_v true_a ax._n 22._o six_o a_o skilful_a artificer_n if_o a_o honest_a man_n be_v to_o be_v give_v way_n to_o in_o his_o own_o art_n ax._n 23._o seven_o if_o word_n be_v in_o dispute_n the_o most_o use_v be_v always_o the_o best_a ax._n 24._o eight_o in_o question_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_n of_o much_o moment_n be_v law_n edict_n act_n of_o parliament_n opinion_n of_o wise_a man_n custom_n sentence_n in_o the_o like_a case_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 25._o nine_o in_o those_o of_o fact_n 〈◊〉_d be_v of_o use_v witness_n hand-writing_n confession_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 26._o ten_o a_o negative_a testimony_n in_o most_o case_n be_v not_o of_o any_o avail_v at_o all_o 1._o §_o for_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v because_o aristotle_n or_o plato_n have_v not_o say_v it_o that_o therefore_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o so_o but_o if_o any_o proof_n in_o testimony_n this_o follow_v viz._n that_o aristotle_n plato_n and_o other_o professor_n of_o wisdom_n have_v say_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v so_o or_o deny_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o so_o etc._n etc._n for_o although_o a_o testimony_n may_v not_o be_v negative_a yet_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o a_o negative_a conclusion_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o testimony_n etc._n etc._n the_o testimony_n of_o sacred_a writ_n also_o negative_a prove_v in_o thing_n necessary_a to_o salvation_n whether_o to_o be_v do_v or_o to_o be_v believe_v although_o in_o the_o rest_n they_o do_v not_o to_o wit_n because_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o salvation_n be_v in_o they_o contain_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o canon_n absolute_a now_o come_v we_o to_o those_o which_o be_v compare_v or_o concern_v comparison_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xix_o of_o canon_n compare_v
ax._n 1_o now_o canon_n compare_v be_v either_o of_o certain_a or_o else_o uncertain_a place_n ax._n 2._o and_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v either_o general_n or_o special_a of_o which_o these_o contain_v a_o comparison_n in_o every_o those_o only_a in_o one_o certain_a genus_fw-la commentary_n 1._o §_o for_o example_n this_o canon_n that_o who_o effect_n be_v more_o such_o that_o itself_o be_v more_o such_o be_v of_o certain_a place_n because_o it_o express_v the_o place_n of_o the_o effect_n from_o whence_o this_o argument_n be_v take_v and_o general_n because_o adaptible_a to_o all_o thing_n which_o admit_v of_o any_o kind_n of_o comparison_n but_o now_o that_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o the_o better_a subject_n that_o itself_o be_v better_o be_v indeed_o of_o certain_a place_n because_o indicating_z the_o argument_n be_v fetch_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o subject_a but_o not_o general_n because_o only_o to_o be_v adapt_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v compare_v in_o goodness_n but_o this_o that_o which_o be_v more_o last_a be_v best_a be_v of_o uncertain_a place_n and_o special_a because_o it_o neither_o express_v where_o the_o place_n of_o the_o argument_n be_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v adapt_v to_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v compare_v among_o themselves_o etc._n etc._n 1._o §_o now_o compare_v canon_n from_o the_o conjugate_v be_v these_o and_o first_o that_o to_o which_o one_o of_o the_o conjugate_v more_o agree_v to_o that_o also_o the_o other_o as_o caesar_n consult_v the_o republic_n more_o than_o bibulus_n and_o therefore_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v more_o a_o consul_n than_o he_o second_o if_o one_o of_o the_o conjugate_v be_v better_a than_o one_o than_o the_o other_o of_o the_o conjugate_v will_v be_v better_o than_o the_o other_o as_o if_o piety_n be_v before_o learning_n than_o a_o pious_a man_n will_v be_v before_o a_o learned_a man_n etc._n etc._n three_o from_o the_o definition_n these_o and_o first_o that_o to_o which_o the_o definition_n most_o agree_v to_o that_o also_o the_o define_v as_o if_o the_o definition_n of_o whiteness_n be_v a_o colour_n disperse_v the_o sight_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o that_o which_o be_v white_a disperse_v the_o sight_n most_o etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o the_o definition_n that_o also_o to_o the_o define_v as_o if_o a_o habit_n recall_v the_o affectious_a of_o the_o mind_n and_o action_n to_o mediocrity_n confer_v more_o to_o felicity_n than_o riches_n than_o virtue_n confer_v more_o to_o felicity_n than_o riches_n etc._n etc._n so_o from_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n four_o we_o have_v these_o as_o first_o that_o which_o agree_v most_o to_o the_o genus_fw-la that_o also_o to_o the_o species_n and_o that_o which_o most_o to_o the_o species_n that_o also_o to_o the_o individual_n as_o if_o a_o substance_n immaterial_a be_v more_o perspicacious_a than_o a_o corporeal_a than_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n separate_v will_v be_v more_o perspicacious_a than_o it_o be_v now_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o body_n etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o better_a genus_fw-la or_o species_n that_o also_o its_o self_n be_v better_a and_o so_o because_o a_o live_a thing_n be_v better_a than_o a_o not_o a_o fly_n will_v be_v better_o than_o the_o heavent_n etc._n etc._n five_o from_o the_o whole_a and_o part_v we_o have_v these_o as_o first_o if_o the_o whole_a homogenous_a or_o whole_a consist_v of_o part_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o nature_n be_v more_o so_o than_o such_o a_o whole_a than_o its_o part_n will_v be_v more_o so_o than_o such_o a_o part_n and_o conrariwise_o as_o if_o gold_n be_v heavy_a than_o brass_n than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o every_o part_n of_o gold_n observe_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o magnitude_n will_v be_v heavy_a than_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o brass_n etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o be_v absolute_o such_o or_o effect_n any_o thing_n as_o such_o its_o whole_a will_v be_v more_o such_o and_o effect_v that_o any_o thing_n else_o be_v more_o such_o than_o its_o part_n and_o so_o if_o rhubarb_n have_v a_o power_n of_o purge_v choler_n than_o a_o drachm_n will_v have_v a_o great_a power_n than_o have_v a_o scruple_n because_o it_o be_v but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o drachm_n etc._n etc._n under_o which_o general_a maxim_n be_v contain_v several_a special_a as_o first_o many_o good_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o few_o and_o so_o virtue_n with_o nobility_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o virtue_n alone_o second_o that_o which_o be_v honest_a pleasant_a and_o profitable_a will_v be_v beyond_o that_o which_o be_v only_o honest_a pleasant_a or_o profitable_a three_o that_o which_o increase_v or_o diminish_v good_a by_o its_o abcess_n or_o access_n be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o neither_o increase_v nor_o diminish_v good_a by_o its_o abcess_n or_o access_n four_o by_o how_o much_o more_o it_o increase_v or_o diminish_v good_a by_o its_o absence_n or_o access_n by_o so_o much_o be_v it_o better_o than_o any_o other_o thing_n than_o the_o which_o it_o be_v better_a in_o this_o respect_n etc._n etc._n five_o from_o matter_n and_o form_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o have_v these_o and_o first_o that_o who_o matter_n be_v more_o so_o that_o also_o itself_o be_v more_o so_o so_o because_o gold_n be_v better_a and_o more_o durable_a than_o stone_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o golden_a statue_n be_v better_a and_o more_o durable_a than_o a_o stone_n one_o etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o have_v a_o noble_a form_n that_o itself_o be_v also_o noble_a so_o because_o the_o form_n of_o man_n be_v better_a than_o that_o of_o beast_n because_o this_o be_v immaterial_a and_o immortal_a and_o that_o material_a and_o mortal_a it_o follow_v that_o man_n be_v better_a than_o beast_n etc._n etc._n six_o from_o the_o cause_n efficient_a these_o and_o first_o that_o which_o by_o itself_o simple_o and_o by_o its_o nature_n be_v such_o be_v more_o so_o than_o that_o which_o by_o accident_n be_v such_o or_o in_o some_o respect_n or_o by_o participation_n and_o so_o meat_n as_o meat_n be_v wholesome_a than_o physic_n because_o that_o of_o itself_o be_v so_o and_o this_o only_a by_o accident_n and_o light_n be_v more_o profitable_a than_o darkness_n because_o that_o be_v useful_a to_o all_o this_o only_a to_o thief_n and_o such_o as_o will_v abscond_v last_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o splendid_a than_o the_o moon_n because_o that_o shine_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n this_o only_a by_o participation_n etc._n etc._n second_o that_o which_o of_o itself_o and_o by_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v more_o such_o that_o effect_n more_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a so_o fire_n heat_v more_o than_o water_n when_o it_o be_v warm_v because_o hot_a so_o you_o know_v iron_n to_o be_v heavy_a than_o wood_n because_o it_o more_o swift_o descend_v etc._n etc._n this_o canon_n can_v be_v use_v only_o in_o cause_n of_o themselves_o for_o in_o cause_n by_o accident_n it_o fail_v often_o for_o iron_n red-hot_a although_o not_o hot_a than_o flame_n burn_v yet_o more_o vehement_o the_o density_n of_o its_o matter_n assist_v it_o and_o impress_v the_o heat_n more_o strong_o upon_o the_o patient_n and_o so_o in_o other_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n three_o that_o to_o which_o the_o cause_n agree_v most_o to_o that_o also_o the_o effect_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a so_o you_o may_v prove_v old_a man_n to_o be_v more_o prudent_a than_o young_a because_o they_o have_v more_o experience_n in_o thing_n four_o that_o by_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v such_o that_o itself_o also_o must_v be_v more_o such_o and_o so_o because_o water_n grow_v warm_a by_o fire_n it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o fire_n be_v more_o hot_a than_o it_o but_o this_o canon_n in_o some_o case_n will_v fail_v we_o and_o first_o in_o cause_n by_o accident_n and_o aequivocal_a for_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o some_o one_o be_v drink_v by_o wine_n that_o therefore_o wine_n shall_v be_v more_o drink_v or_o because_o the_o knife_n be_v sharpen_v by_o the_o stone_n that_o therefore_o the_o stone_n shall_v be_v sharp_a than_o the_o knife_n second_o in_o effect_n which_o receive_v not_o more_o or_o less_o as_o if_o you_o shall_v prove_v the_o father_n to_o be_v more_o a_o man_n than_o his_o son_n because_o the_o son_n be_v so_o by_o his_o mean_n three_o those_o which_o depend_v not_o upon_o one_o cause_n for_o although_o the_o scholar_n derive_v his_o learning_n from_o his_o master_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o master_n must_v be_v always_o learnede_a than_o the_o scholar_n for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o scholar_n may_v have_v more_o ingeny_n and_o industry_n than_o his_o master_n etc._n etc._n five_o those_o who_o operation_n work_n or_o effect_v
answer_v to_o the_o first_o absolute_a canon_n of_o the_o same_o place_n which_o be_v this_o that_o to_o which_o one_o of_o the_o conjugate_v agree_v to_o that_o also_o agree_v the_o other_o to_o this_o canon_n be_v add_v this_o caution_n viz._n that_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v adhibit_v conjugate_v join_v only_o in_o affinity_n of_o word_n net_n nature_n this_o same_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o comparate_a which_o be_v thus_o declare_v that_o to_o which_o agree_v one_o of_o the_o conjugate_v more_o to_o that_o also_o agree_v the_o other_o and_o therefore_o as_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o this_o man_n be_v drink_v and_o therefore_o a_o drunkard_n so_o neither_o this_o that_o this_o man_n be_v more_o drink_a and_o therefore_o more_o a_o drunkard_n etc._n etc._n 17._o there_o remain_v of_o comparate_a canon_n which_o contain_v no_o designation_n of_o any_o certain_a place_n of_o which_o many_o be_v extant_a book_n 3_o top._n of_o which_o we_o have_v here_o select_v the_o principal_a as_o first_o the_o more_o last_a and_o constant_a good_n be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v choose_v as_o the_o good_n of_o the_o mind_n than_o those_o of_o the_o body_n second_o any_o thing_n be_v then_o the_o more_o to_o be_v wish_v for_o when_o more_o opportune_a and_o useful_a as_o fear_v in_o youth_n prudence_n in_o old_a age._n three_o that_o which_o always_o or_o often'_v of_o use_n be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o seldom_o as_o temperance_n than_o fortitude_n four_o those_o thing_n which_o content_a one_o in_o themselves_o be_v more_o to_o be_v choose_v than_o those_o which_o need_v other_o thing_n as_o abundance_n of_o thing_n than_o money_n for_o he_o that_o abound_v in_o the_o last_o viz._n money_n may_v want_v other_o thing_n but_o he_o that_o abound_v in_o thing_n can_v want_v money_n etc._n etc._n five_o that_o which_o be_v the_o more_o splendid_a be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v wish_v for_o so_o glory_n than_o riches_n six_o difficult_a thing_n be_v better_a than_o those_o that_o be_v more_o facile_a and_o seven_o proper_a than_o common_a by_o common_a here_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v public_a but_o only_o those_o thing_n which_o many_o have_v by_o proper_a which_o we_o have_v alone_o or_o in_o common_a with_o but_o very_o few_o for_o these_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o we_o most_o love_n eight_o those_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v communicate_v to_o other_o be_v more_o precious_a than_o those_o which_o can_v as_o knowledge_n than_o riches_n nine_o thing_n not_o necessary_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o those_o that_o be_v so_o we_o choose_v rather_o to_o live_v commodious_o than_o to_o live_v which_o canon_n be_v be_v not_o evert_v by_o cicero_n when_o in_o his_o topic_n he_o say_v thing_n necessary_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o unnecessary_a for_o by_o unnecessary_a he_o understand_v superfluous_a but_o to_o aristotle_n unnecessary_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o bene_fw-la esse_fw-la necessary_n the_o esse_fw-la ten_o those_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v give_v by_o other_o be_v better_o than_o those_o which_o may_v as_o virtue_n and_o learning_n than_o riches_n etc._n etc._n eleven_o that_o which_o one_o will_v have_v other_o leave_v one_o as_o friend_n than_o wealth_n for_o friend_n we_o will_v get_v to_o ourselves_o but_o riches_n we_o have_v rather_o that_o other_o shall_v leave_v we_o etc._n etc._n 18._o and_o these_o be_v the_o principal_a canon_n by_o which_o problem_n compare_v be_v to_o be_v confirm_v which_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v either_o from_o the_o absolute_a canon_n or_o aristotle_n be_v three_o book_n of_o topic_n in_o all_o of_o which_o especial_o those_o which_o contain_v a_o comparison_n of_o thing_n in_o goodness_n this_o caution_n be_v to_o be_v use_v viz._n that_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v compare_v be_v in_o other_o thing_n equal_a for_o example_n the_o more_o last_a good_n be_v then_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o less_o when_o in_o other_o thing_n they_o be_v equal_a etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o dialectical_a syllogism_n chap._n xx._n of_o demonstration_n ax._n 1_o now_o follow_v demonstration_n define_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v a_o syllogism_n beget_v knowledge_n commentary_n 1._o §_o demonstration_n in_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v among_o the_o geometrician_n a_o delineation_n of_o a_o diagram_n in_o which_o they_o exhibit_v the_o truth_n of_o their_o proposition_n to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o eye_n to_o that_o be_v oppose_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v a_o description_n or_o false_a delineation_n now_o these_o word_n as_o many_o other_o which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o syllogism_n be_v translate_v from_o geometry_n into_o logic_n and_o there_o demonstration_n be_v take_v sometime_o for_o any_o certain_a and_o perspicuous_a proof_n but_o here_o in_o this_o place_n strict_o for_o syllogism_n scientific_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o false_a syllogism_n for_o syllogism_n beget_v error_n or_o the_o contrary_a to_o science_n etc._n etc._n 2._o §_o demonstration_n genus_fw-la be_v syllogism_n and_o herein_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o dialectical_a it_o be_v difference_n be_v fetch_v from_o the_o end_n which_o be_v science_n now_o the_o word_n science_n be_v either_o take_v large_o to_o signify_v any_o cognition_n or_o true_a assent_n or_o strict_o a_o firm_a and_o infallible_a one_o or_o last_o a_o assent_n of_o proposition_n make_v know_v by_o the_o cause_n or_o effect_n and_o that_o only_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o science_n here_o which_o be_v get_v by_o the_o cause_n or_o the_o effect_n and_o be_v proper_a to_o this_o place_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 2._o of_o demonstration_n one_o be_v why_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o the_o other_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v ax._n 3_o that_o of_o why_o be_v that_o which_o not_o only_o prove_v the_o thing_n be_v or_o be_v not_o but_o also_o render_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o be_v not_o ax._n 4._o the_o demonstration_n that_o only_o prove_v that_o the_o thing_n either_o be_v or_o be_v not_o 1._o §_o now_o this_o division_n be_v fetch_v from_o the_o end_n for_o whereas_o demonstration_n be_v a_o syllogism_n scientific_n it_o altogether_o follow_v that_o how_o manifold_n science_n be_v so_o many_o must_v demonstration_n be_v but_o science_n one_o be_v why_o and_o the_o other_o that_o and_o therefore_o so_o must_v demonstration_n be_v see_v cap._n 13._o book_n 1._o of_o the_o post_n science_n and_o demonstration_n in_o short_a why_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o ratio_fw-la and_o quality_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la which_o in_o that_o of_o why_o a_o thing_n be_v be_v the_o next_o cause_n that_o be_v such_o a_o cause_n as_o that_o be_v put_v the_o propriety_n must_v be_v put_v also_o and_o that_o take_v away_o the_o propriety_n also_o must_v be_v take_v away_o when_o that_o of_o the_o other_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o effect_v at_o least_o not_o the_o next_o but_o remote_a as_o will_v hereafter_o be_v make_v appear_v etc._n etc._n in_o the_o interim_n take_v we_o a_o view_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v before_o we_o enter_v upon_o this_o head_n chap._n xxi_o of_o precognition_n or_o thing_n requisite_a to_o be_v know_v before_o we_o enter_v upon_o demonstration_n ax._n 1_o in_o every_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o why_o or_o demonstrative_a science_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v viz._n subject_a affection_n and_o cause_n by_o which_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o affection_n be_v in_o the_o subject_a etc._n etc._n ax._n 2._o of_o subject_a and_o affection_n be_v compose_v the_o question_n of_o cause_n with_o the_o affection_n first_o then_o subject_a combine_a the_o premise_n or_o principle_n by_o which_o such_o question_n be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v ax._n 3_o and_o in_o these_o two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o precognition_n and_o then_o condition_n which_o in_o such_o a_o demonstration_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v ax._n 4._o of_o precognition_n the_o one_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o other_o what_o that_o be_v which_o be_v say_v or_o what_o signify_v the_o name_n ax._n 5._o of_o the_o three_o term_n it_o be_v to_o be_v foreknow_v what_o signify_v the_o name_n that_o be_v what_o the_o mean_v or_o importance_n of_o they_o be_v subject_a cause_n also_o premise_n or_o principle_n whether_o they_o be_v and_o this_o of_o the_o affection_n and_o conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v 1._o §_o of_o the_o three_o term_n what_o be_v the_o name_n because_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v dispute_v concern_v thing_n unknown_a 2._o §_o of_o subject_a and_o cause_n whether_o they_o be_v for_o when_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o cause_n
repair_v and_o this_o be_v from_o the_o final_a etc._n etc._n 4._o §_o demonstration_n why_o be_v not_o only_o affirm_v but_o also_o deny_v for_o as_o we_o may_v demonstrate_v that_o a_o man_n be_v capable_a of_o science_n because_o endue_v with_o reason_n so_o also_o that_o a_o beast_n be_v not_o because_o not_o etc._n etc._n for_o as_o a_o affirmation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o affirmation_n so_o must_v a_o negation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o negation_n etc._n etc._n see_v book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 13._o and_o so_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n in_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v what_o they_o ought_v to_o to_o be_v chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n ax._n 1_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o principle_n or_o proposition_n of_o demonstration_n why_o be_v either_o absolute_a or_o relate_v ax._n 2._o absolute_a be_v those_o which_o agree_v to_o the_o proposition_n in_o themselves_o consider_v and_o relate_v as_o compare_v with_o the_o conclusion_n ax._n 3_o the_o absolute_a be_v these_o and_o first_o that_o the_o proposition_n be_v necessary_o true_a and_o reciprocal_a second_o immediate_a and_o first_o commentary_n true_a because_o a_o false_a can_v be_v know_v and_o also_o necessary_o because_o from_o proposition_n not_o necessary_a a_o necessary_a conclusion_n can_v be_v draw_v unless_o by_o chance_n or_o accident_n 2._o §_o immediate_a because_o if_o not_o there_o will_v be_v a_o progress_n to_o infinite_a which_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o rnowledge_n ax._n 4._o these_o two_o in_o the_o major_n be_v require_v necessary_o but_o that_o the_o minor_a suppose_n it_o be_v true_a shall_v be_v also_o necessary_a and_o immediate_a be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a 1._o §_o for_o the_o major_n be_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o affection_n and_o its_o next_o cause_n which_o be_v not_o only_o reciprocate_v among_o themselves_o but_o also_o necessary_o and_o immediate_o cohere_v but_o the_o minor_a of_o the_o affection_n cause_n and_o subject_n which_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a shall_v so_o close_o cohere_v as_o that_o they_o shall_v constitute_v a_o necessary_a immediate_a and_o reciprocal_a proposition_n since_o of_o the_o affection_n not_o subject_a the_o knowledge_n be_v require_v etc._n etc._n 2._o §_o now_o the_o minor_a be_v not_o necessary_a much_o less_o reciprocal_a and_o universal_o first_o when_o the_o medium_fw-la of_o the_o demonstration_n be_v the_o cause_n efficient_a external_n of_o the_o predicate_a for_o example_n that_o which_o with_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o earth_n be_v object_v can_v be_v illustrate_v that_o suffer_v a_o defect_n of_o light_n receive_v from_o the_o sun_n the_o moon_n with_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o earth_n be_v object_v can_v be_v illustrate_v and_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n in_o this_o demonstration_n the_o minor_a have_v no_o degree_n of_o necessity_n because_o it_o be_v not_o perpetual_a in_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n efficient_a internal_a or_o final_a indeed_o the_o minor_a be_v always_o necessary_a but_o not_o reciprocal_a because_o often_o the_o next_o and_o reciprocal_a subject_n want_v a_o name_n for_o example_n every_o plant_n who_o humour_n be_v apt_a to_o congeal_v at_o the_o foot_n or_o stalk_v of_o its_o leaf_n be_v apt_a to_o shed_v its_o leave_n but_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o vine_n be_v apt_a to_o congeal_v at_o the_o foot_n or_o stalk_v of_o its_o leaf_n and_o therefore_o the_o vine_n be_v apt_a to_o shed_v its_o leave_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o the_o minor_a be_v not_o reciprocal_a because_o it_o happen_v not_o only_o to_o the_o vine_n to_o have_v its_o humour_n congeal_v but_o to_o all_o other_o plant_n to_o who_o it_o happen_v to_o shed_v their_o leave_n but_o this_o happen_v because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a name_n by_o which_o shall_v be_v signify_v all_o and_o only_o those_o plant_n to_o which_o the_o congelation_n of_o the_o humour_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o leaf_n evene_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v it_o also_o that_o the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o reciprocal_a see_v book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 5._o and_o book_n 2._o cap._n 66._o 3._o §_o the_o minor_a be_v not_o immediate_a also_o when_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o the_o predicate_v have_v any_o former_a cause_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v for_o in_o all_o cause_n which_o enter_v demonstration_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a series_n and_o subordination_n so_o that_o every_o posterior_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o precedent_n as_o often_o therefore_o as_o any_o effect_n be_v demonstrate_v by_o such_o a_o cause_n as_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o former_a cause_n that_o minor_n must_v necessary_o be_v mediate_v and_o than_o that_o minor_n be_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o that_o former_a cause_n and_o so_o on_o till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o first_o of_o that_o series_n which_o constitute_v a_o demonstration_n of_o both_o proposition_n immediate_a and_o this_o demonstration_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o series_n and_o therefore_o in_o search_v of_o science_n we_o be_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o first_o demonstration_n to_o the_o follow_v in_o synthetic_a order_n and_o then_o the_o minor_a mediate_v be_v esteem_v as_o it_o be_v immediate_a because_o now_o before_o demonstrate_v for_o a_o demonstrate_v proposition_n be_v no_o less_o apt_a to_o beget_v knowledge_n than_o a_o proposition_n immediate_n and_o indemonstrable_a but_o yet_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v happen_v upon_o a_o demonstration_n who_o minor_a be_v mediate_v he_o must_v proceed_v in_o analytic_a order_n towards_o the_o first_o and_o fundamental_a demonstration_n nor_o will_v he_o first_o have_v attain_v science_n before_o he_o shall_v have_v arrive_v at_o the_o first_o cause_n for_o in_o this_o the_o mind_n acquiesces_fw-la but_o let_v we_o add_v example_n that_o the_o thing_n may_v be_v so_o much_o the_o better_o understand_v that_o which_o be_v endue_v with_o a_o threefold_a dimension_n admit_v not_o another_o body_n to_o be_v with_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o same_o place_n all_o body_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o threefold_a dimension_n and_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n the_o minor_a of_o this_o syllogism_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o which_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o threefold_a dimension_n every_o body_n consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n and_o therefore_o every_o body_n etc._n etc._n now_o the_o minor_a of_o this_o syllogism_n be_v immediate_a as_o well_o as_o the_o major_a because_o to_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v the_o definition_n of_o body_n etc._n etc._n 4._o §_o the_o same_o series_n there_o be_v in_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n final_a in_o which_o the_o subordinate_a be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o far_a end_n until_o you_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o last_o in_o every_o genus_fw-la in_o which_o the_o mind_n acquiesces_fw-la for_o example_n a_o animal_n have_v lung_n that_o it_o may_v breath_n breathe_v that_o it_o may_v refresh_v the_o heart_n the_o heart_n be_v to_o be_v refresh_v to_o preserve_v a_o temperature_n of_o heat_n a_o temperature_n of_o heat_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o animal_n may_v be_v preserve_v etc._n etc._n if_o these_o demonstration_n be_v propose_v in_o form_n all_o except_v the_o last_o will_v have_v a_o mediate_v minor_a and_o the_o last_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n 5._o §_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n efficient_a can_v be_v resolve_v into_o proposition_n mediate_v unless_o the_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n final_a be_v commix_v with_o the_o demonstration_n from_o cause_n efficient_a for_o example_n a_o man_n be_v of_o a_o most_o acute_a touch_n because_o he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a thin_a skin_n a_o thin_a skin_n because_o have_v abundance_n of_o elaborate_v animal_n spirit_n abundance_n of_o those_o elaborate_v animal_n spirit_n because_o have_v a_o very_a large_a brain_n the_o shop_n or_o office_n of_o those_o elaborate_v animal_n spirit_n hitherto_o be_v they_o all_o cause_n efficient_a that_o a_o man_n have_v a_o very_a large_a brain_n be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o end_n to_o wit_n because_o he_o shall_v reason_v that_o man_n shall_v reason_v again_o from_o cause_o efficient_a to_o wit_n because_o he_o be_v a_o rational_a animal_n here_o now_o we_o acquiesce_v because_o the_o minor_a be_v the_o definition_n of_o man_n and_o therefore_o immediate_a and_o indemonstrable_a axe_n 5._o the_o condition_n of_o principle_n relate_v to_o the_o conclusion_n be_v three_o and_o first_o that_o they_o be_v the_o cause_n second_o prior_n to_o and_o three_o more_o know_v than_o the_o conclusion_n ax._n 6._o and_o these_o condition_n be_v require_v in_o both_o proposition_n 1._o §_o for_o as_o be_v the_o
medium_fw-la of_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o respect_n to_o the_o question_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v so_o be_v the_o principle_n or_o premise_n to_o the_o conclusion_n wherefore_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o affection_n so_o the_o principle_n be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o why_o the_o conclusion_n be_v know_v for_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o principle_n be_v the_o cause_n even_o in_o all_o syllogism_n but_o also_o why_o they_o be_v true_a and_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v before_o the_o affection_n not_o in_o time_n but_o nature_n so_o also_o the_o principle_n obtain_v a_o verity_n not_o in_o time_n but_o nature_n prior_n to_o that_o of_o the_o conclusion_n last_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o affection_n not_o as_o to_o we_o and_o in_o way_n of_o confuse_a knowledge_n but_o of_o nature_n and_o distinct_a cognition_n so_o also_o the_o principle_n be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o conclusion_n for_o because_o we_o embrace_v the_o conclusion_n with_o a_o full_a assent_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o principle_n we_o must_v assent_v more_o to_o the_o principle_n themselves_o of_o necessity_n because_o that_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v such_o that_o itself_o be_v more_o such_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 2._o etc._n etc._n ax._n 7._o now_o when_o the_o principle_n have_v all_o these_o condition_n they_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v ax._n 8._o principle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v when_o they_o be_v neither_o heterogeneous_a or_o foreign_a nor_o yet_o common_a 1._o §_o now_o principle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heterogeneous_a then_o when_o they_o be_v fetch_v from_o some_o other_o science_n as_o if_o one_o for_o the_o prove_v of_o physical_a question_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o mathematical_a principle_n or_o geometrical_a arithmetical_a but_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o demonstrater_n to_o pass_v from_o one_o science_n to_o another_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o medium_fw-la with_o the_o three_o that_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o the_o first_o that_o be_v the_o predicate_a with_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v to_o agree_v by_o itself_o as_o be_v teach_v cap._n 6._o of_o the_o same_o book_n which_o can_v be_v if_o the_o the_o conclusion_n and_o principle_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o subject_a that_o be_v of_o the_o same_o science_n for_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o science_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o subject_a as_o appear_v from_o cap._n 28._o of_o the_o same_o book_n 2._o §_o if_o yet_o one_o science_n be_v subalternate_a to_o another_o as_o music_n to_o arithmetic_n or_o optic_n to_o geometry_n the_o question_n of_o the_o inferior_a be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o superior_a science_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o pass_v to_o another_o genus_fw-la because_o the_o subalternated_a science_n have_v in_o some_o manner_n the_o same_o subject_a with_o the_o superior_a and_o so_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v divers_a science_n i_o say_v in_o some_o manner_n because_o the_o subalternated_a science_n consider_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o superior_a with_o some_o sensible_a quality_n which_o yet_o appertain_v not_o to_o the_o formal_a ratio_fw-la of_o the_o subject_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o affection_n of_o both_o be_v diverse_a though_o in_o the_o rest_n they_o consent_v so_o arithmetic_n consider_v number_n absolute_o music_n which_o be_v subalternate_v to_o it_o only_o in_o â—ound_n so_o geometry_n consider_v magnitude_n absolute_o the_o optic_n or_o science_n discuss_v the_o reason_n of_o sight_n which_o be_v subalternate_a or_o inferior_a to_o it_o only_o in_o colour_n light_n and_o shadow_n see_v cap._n 7._o of_o the_o forecited_n book_n 3._o §_o the_o principle_n common_a be_v those_o which_o may_v be_v accommodate_v to_o many_o science_n such_o principle_n as_o these_o generate_v not_o science_n because_o they_o contain_v a_o medium_fw-la which_o coheres_fw-la not_o with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n by_o itself_o but_o accident_n but_o it_o be_v then_o that_o we_o know_v a_o thing_n true_o when_o we_o know_v it_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o from_o principle_n which_o be_v such_o as_o it_o be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v as_o aristotle_n speak_v cap_n 9_o of_o the_o same_o book_n but_o that_o which_o we_o know_v from_o common_a reason_n we_o know_v only_o by_o accident_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v not_o yet_o to_o be_v think_v that_o the_o principle_n of_o science_n be_v common_a which_o when_o of_o the_o superior_a be_v adhibit_v to_o the_o inferior_a science_n because_o the_o science_n subalternate_a as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o be_v not_o esteem_v diverse_a from_o the_o subalternate_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 9_o now_o principle_n be_v divide_v into_o axiom_n and_o thesis_n ax._n 10._o and_o a_o axiom_n be_v that_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o know_v only_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n no_o person_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o ax._n 11._o a_o thesis_n who_o truth_n be_v not_o know_v by_o the_o mere_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n only_o but_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n or_o some_o other_o way_n of_o declaration_n ax._n 12._o and_o this_o be_v either_o definition_n or_o hypothesis_n ax._n 13._o a_o definition_n be_v a_o oration_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v before_o in_o which_o we_o declare_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v a_o hypothesis_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o be_v or_o no_o etc._n etc._n this_o division_n of_o the_o principle_n be_v fetch_v from_o book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 2._o and_o 10._o whence_o axiom_n be_v so_o call_v be_v declare_v book_n 1_o of_o the_o institution_n cap._n 27._o the_o word_n thesis_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o any_o proposition_n which_o be_v propose_v pro_fw-la and_o con_n to_o be_v dispute_v of_o as_o book_n 8._o top._n cap._n 4._o and_o 5._o and_o sometime_o for_o a_o sentence_n paradoxal_a of_o some_o eminent_a philosopher_n as_o book_n 1_o top._n cap._n 1._o in_o rhetoric_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o infinite_a question_n but_o here_o for_o a_o kind_n of_o proposition_n immediate_n now_o 2._o §_o aristotle_n cap._n 10._o of_o the_o forecited_n book_n define_v a_o axiom_n in_o this_o manner_n viz._n to_o be_v that_o which_o of_o necessity_n be_v true_a of_o itself_o and_o of_o the_o like_a necessity_n must_v seem_v so_o of_o necessity_n true_a that_o be_v worthy_a of_o it_o self_n of_o our_o belief_n or_o that_o that_o have_v no_o cause_n of_o its_o truth_n by_o which_o to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o this_o be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o well_o thesis_n as_o axiom_n add_v of_o necessity_n must_v seem_v so_o that_o be_v by_o a_o person_n of_o complete_a reason_n it_o can_v serious_o and_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o mind_n be_v deny_v for_o a_o person_n perchance_o may_v deny_v a_o axiom_n rather_o than_o confess_v himself_o to_o be_v overcome_v but_o no_o one_o can_v be_v find_v who_o suppose_v he_o of_o a_o complete_a reason_n can_v deny_v it_o in_o his_o soul_n and_o mind_n for_o example_n such_o enunciation_n as_o these_o nothing_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v and_o also_o not_o be_v the_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o its_o part_n those_o thing_n that_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o same_o those_o also_o will_v be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o if_o from_o equal_a thing_n you_o take_v away_o equal_a those_o thing_n which_o remain_v will_v be_v equal_a too_o etc._n etc._n the_o evidence_n of_o which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o know_v only_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n by_o which_o they_o be_v express_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o can_v but_o be_v apparent_a for_o he_o who_o know_v what_o signify_v a_o whole_a and_o what_o a_o part_n and_o what_o to_o be_v great_a can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o a_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o a_o part_n etc._n etc._n 3._o §_o and_o in_o this_o respect_n differ_v axiom_n from_o thesis_n for_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thesis_n beside_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v require_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o sometime_o the_o declaration_n of_o a_o master_n of_o definition_n example_n may_v be_v take_v out_o of_o every_o discipline_n as_o for_o instance_n physic_n as_o a_o body_n natural_a be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n principle_n be_v those_o which_o be_v neither_o make_v out_o of_o themselves_o nor_o other_o and_o out_o of_o which_o be_v make_v all_o thing_n nature_n be_v the_o principle_n and_o cause_n of_o motion_n and_o quiet_a in_o that_o in_o which_o it_o be_v first_o by_o its_o self_n and_o not_o by_o accident_n etc._n etc._n geometry_n as_o that_o