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first_o from_o santo_n domingo_n and_o other_o place_n where_o it_o do_v also_o cease_v now_o it_o come_v from_o peru_n by_o certain_a million_o which_o will_v also_o take_v a_o end_n the_o silver_n be_v bring_v also_o from_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o be_v much_o find_v in_o germany_n but_o be_v now_o in_o many_o place_n draw_v out_o the_o most_o noble_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o accumulate_v treasure_n deem_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o expedient_a nor_o convenient_a for_o they_o to_o suffer_v the_o transportation_n of_o their_o money_n or_o bullion_n out_o of_o the_o same_o as_o by_o diverse_a act_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v see_v whereby_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n for_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n continue_v william_n the_o conqueror_n cause_v a_o description_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o land_n to_o be_v measure_v reserve_v so_o much_o thereof_o as_o he_o think_v convenient_a for_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o rest_n he_o divide_v among_o his_o baron_n and_o knight_n who_o do_v pay_v he_o therefore_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n whereby_o he_o do_v gather_v a_o treasure_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o within_o one_o hundred_o year_n have_v have_v many_o great_a war_n and_o join_v ireland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n conquer_a also_o scotland_n and_o reduce_v normandy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o have_v reign_v 35_o year_n have_v never_o cause_v to_o impose_v any_o tribute_n subsidy_n or_o tax_v upon_o his_o subject_n and_o leave_v notwithstanding_o behind_o he_o in_o treasure_n 900_o thousand_o pound_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a matter_n the_o west_n indies_n not_o be_v discover_v but_o also_o for_o
use_n of_o melt_a or_o transportation_n and_o to_o pay_v out_o the_o light_a one_o especial_o in_o silver_n counterfeiter_n washer_n and_o falsifier_n of_o money_n will_v be_v soon_o detect_v and_o the_o false_a money_n know_v when_o piece_n of_o one_o sort_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o bigness_n and_o thickness_n and_o of_o one_o sound_n and_o fairness_n of_o stamp_n with_o their_o private_a mark_n for_o the_o time_n the_o thickness_n will_v be_v see_v the_o weight_n will_v be_v find_v and_o the_o sound_n will_v be_v hear_v by_o compare_v one_o piece_n to_o another_o especial_o when_o the_o redness_n or_o colour_n of_o the_o money_n do_v give_v suspicion_n that_o the_o same_o be_v counterfeit_v for_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o lump_n of_o metal_n of_o equal_a weight_n as_o we_o may_v partly_o perceive_v and_o be_v exact_o find_v by_o the_o last_o trial_n make_v thereof_o the_o mass_n or_o lump_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o lump_n of_o silver_n do_v differ_v as_o much_o as_o 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which_o by_o degree_n may_v be_v reform_v according_a to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o which_o end_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o exhort_v and_o require_v all_o goldsmith_n and_o other_o to_o be_v vigilant_a and_o diligent_a in_o bring_v of_o bullion_n into_o her_o majesty_n mint_n where_o they_o may_v have_v very_o speedy_a and_o assure_a payment_n thereof_o at_o all_o appoint_a time_n and_o in_o this_o place_n we_o must_v not_o forget_v that_o care_n may_v be_v have_v that_o the_o monier_n which_o work_n by_o the_o hammer_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o their_o line_n or_o be_v set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o mill_n or_o engine_n last_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a &_o commodious_a as_o also_o good_a for_o the_o poor_a to_o make_v small_a money_n of_o copper_n as_o halfpence_n and_o farthing_n which_o may_v be_v call_v pledge_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o will_v increase_v charity_n towards_o they_o whereby_o also_o all_o leaden_a token_n use_v in_o tavern_n and_o by_o such_o as_o sell_v small_a ware_n will_v be_v take_v away_o and_o will_v be_v very_o commodious_a in_o so_o populous_a a_o kingdom_n be_v make_v exact_o to_o prevent_v counterfeit_v which_o general_o we_o do_v hold_v so_o difficult_a to_o be_v do_v as_o be_v the_o counterfeit_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o excellent_a writer_n among_o the_o ordinary_a write_n of_o most_o man_n and_o the_o make_v thereof_o can_v breed_v no_o inconvenience_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n whereas_o some_o prince_n do_v use_v to_o coin_v some_o money_n for_o to_o remain_v within_o their_o dominion_n &_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n for_o to_o be_v transport_v into_o other_o country_n reap_v a_o great_a gain_n by_o the_o coinage_n thereof_o and_o omit_v to_o show_v the_o important_a cause_n and_o reason_n which_o prince_n have_v to_o maintain_v a_o stand_a treasure_n we_o do_v not_o hold_v it_o impertinent_a to_o reduce_v to_o memory_n that_o which_o be_v record_v of_o the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n in_o time_n past_a to_o awaken_v care_n in_o other_o the_o great_a mean_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o save_v their_o state_n when_o hannibal_n have_v almost_o bring_v they_o to_o ruin_v be_v 450_o thousand_o crown_n that_o the_o treasure_n do_v amount_v unto_o which_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n and_o never_o touch_v until_o that_o time_n pope_n john_n the_o 22._o leave_v 23_o million_o of_o gold_n sardanapalus_n 40_o million_o of_o crown_n cirus_n 50_o million_o the_o athenian_n 60_o million_o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n 67_o million_o alexander_n the_o great_a find_v in_o the_o treasury_n of_o darius_n occhus_n the_o persian_a king_n 80_o million_o but_o the_o great_a treasure_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o king_n david_n leave_v be_v 120_o million_o which_o do_v exceed_v far_o the_o treasure_n record_v of_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o flourish_v most_o under_o trajan_n the_o 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the_o 9_o and_o philip_z the_o fair_a do_v with_o great_a cause_n confiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o debt_n order_v their_o subject_n to_o pay_v only_o the_o principal_a money_n unto_o their_o treasurer_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n do_v the_o like_a and_o indict_v they_o as_o cousener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o 24_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n they_o have_v accumulate_v and_o get_v above_o 2_o million_o 400_o thousand_o pound_n other_o which_o through_o envy_n malice_n or_o other_o passion_n have_v the_o eye_n of_o their_o judgement_n blind_v have_v censure_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v apologetical_a for_o the_o erection_n of_o a_o bank_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n exchanger_n which_o
do_v decrease_v and_o it_o be_v his_o expense_n do_v become_v great_a or_o surmount_v his_o income_n and_o revenue_n this_o kind_n of_o equality_n be_v interrupt_v and_o overthrow_v by_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n as_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n be_v declare_v for_o as_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_v between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v perform_v by_o three_o simple_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n so_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v abuse_v become_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v decrease_v and_o this_o wealth_n can_v proper_o increase_v but_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o by_o bring_v of_o money_n and_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o buy_v for_o our_o money_n or_o barter_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n for_o our_o commodity_n and_o by_o buy_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n better_o cheap_a than_o we_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n and_o so_o may_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n become_v a_o seller_n and_o not_o a_o buyer_n as_o be_v before_o allege_v we_o have_v heretofore_o note_v the_o property_n of_o money_n to_o be_v that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v general_o thing_n dear_a and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v likewise_o general_o thing_n good_a cheap_a whereas_o thing_n be_v also_o particular_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a according_a to_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o the_o use_n of_o they_o according_a to_o which_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n aforesaid_a thing_n general_o become_v dear_a or_o cheap_a whereunto_o the_o great_a store_n or_o abundance_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n into_o europe_n have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a according_a to_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n which_o like_v unto_o a_o ocean_n divide_v her_o course_n into_o several_a branch_n in_o diverse_a country_n have_v cause_v a_o great_a alteration_n and_o enhance_a of_o the_o price_n of_o every_o thing_n and_o most_o especial_o because_o the_o money_n itself_o be_v alter_v in_o valuation_n in_o most_o country_n so_o that_o the_o measure_n be_v alter_v and_o make_v lesser_a by_o denomination_n there_o go_v more_o number_n to_o make_v up_o the_o tale_n and_o of_o necessity_n other_o thing_n go_v and_o be_v name_v according_o in_o price_n for_o money_n must_v always_o remain_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_a to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o every_o thing_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v publica_n mensura_fw-la the_o public_a measure_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v set_v to_o maintain_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o thing_n may_v equal_o pass_v by_o trade_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o this_o money_n must_v have_v his_o stand_a valuation_n only_o by_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o who_o proper_o belong_v the_o dispose_n thereof_o as_o a_o matter_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o as_o the_o money_n do_v set_v a_o price_n to_o the_o natural_a riches_n of_o land_n so_o do_v it_o also_o set_v a_o price_n to_o the_o artificial_a riches_n proceed_v of_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o reason_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n between_o the_o natural_a riches_n and_o the_o artificial_a riches_n that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v thing_n dear_a be_v find_v by_o daily_a experience_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o bullion_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n or_o the_o same_o convert_v into_o money_n but_o so_o long_o as_o it_o be_v in_o bullion_n it_o remain_v in_o nature_n of_o commodity_n which_o be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n or_o barter_n in_o exchange_n for_o other_o commodity_n plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o commodity_n do_v also_o alter_v the_o price_n of_o the_o thing_n want_v or_o abound_v according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o which_o be_v ground_v upon_o estimation_n by_o consent_n after_o the_o pleasure_n and_o sensuality_n of_o man_n the_o history_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n make_v mention_v that_o during_o the_o great_a quantity_n or_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n that_o be_v find_v about_o fourscore_o year_n past_a and_o the_o rareness_n of_o other_o thing_n a_o cloak_n of_o cloth_n be_v sell_v in_o peru_n for_o a_o thousand_o ducat_n a_o pair_n of_o breech_n of_o cloth_n for_o three_o hundred_o ducat_n a_o good_a horse_n four_o or_o five_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o other_o thing_n then_o in_o use_n and_o rare_a according_o the_o roman_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o persian_n bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o price_n of_o land_n do_v rise_v above_o two_o three_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a concern_v scarcity_n of_o money_n grafton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n have_v record_v that_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o have_v great_a war_n with_o france_n and_o scotland_n and_o incorporate_n the_o money_n into_o his_o hand_n for_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o cause_v through_o the_o lack_n of_o money_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n so_o to_o fall_v that_o a_o quarter_n of_o wheat_n be_v sell_v for_o two_o shilling_n a_o fat_a ox_n for_o a_o noble_a a_o sheep_n for_o six_o penny_n and_o other_o thing_n after_o the_o rate_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o premise_n make_v the_o two_o paradox_n of_o master_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o french_a king_n exchequer_n to_o be_v most_o paradoxical_a that_o be_v to_o say_v far_o differ_v from_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n which_o paradox_n upon_o complaint_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n he_o present_v unto_o the_o king_n thereby_o to_o qualify_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o complaint_n the_o substance_n whereof_o i_o have_v think_v most_o expedient_a to_o set_v down_o and_o the_o answer_n also_o which_o master_n john_n bodine_n the_o great_a politician_n or_o commonwealth_n man_n of_o france_n have_v make_v thereunto_o together_o with_o my_o explication_n thereof_o and_o replication_n to_o his_o answer_n whereby_o the_o truth_n will_v appear_v and_o how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o first_o paradox_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n see_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dearer_o these_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o since_o that_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n say_v he_o have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o do_v consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n and_o have_v be_v praise_v and_o sell_v for_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o the_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v now_o dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o say_v he_o therefore_o since_o that_o time_n nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n in_o the_o year_n 1328._o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o flower-de-luce_n as_o good_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o be_v then_o worth_a but_o twenty_o sol_n tournois_fw-fr which_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o common_a computation_n of_o ten_o sol_n for_o a_o shilling_n starling_n be_v two_o shilling_n in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o french_a ell_n or_o yard_n of_o velvet_n be_v worth_a four_o liver_n which_o be_v four_o crown_n or_o 8_o shilling_n starling_n the_o say_a yard_n of_o velvet_n do_v now_o cost_v ten_o liver_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v then_o value_v at_o two_o shilling_n be_v now_o value_v at_o fifty_o sol_n or_o five_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o crown_n do_v make_v the_o say_v 20_o shilling_n yet_o the_o say_a french_a crown_n do_v contain_v no_o more_o in_o gold_n in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n then_o before_o whereby_o there_o
famous_a and_o learned_a master_n john_n bodine_n make_v answer_n unto_o these_o two_o paradox_n first_o show_v how_o m._n malestroit_n have_v abuse_v himself_o to_o use_v the_o example_n of_o velvet_n to_o prove_v his_o assertion_n for_o he_o prove_v that_o velvet_n be_v yet_o unknown_a in_o france_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n surname_v the_o fair_a and_o that_o although_o he_o shall_v admit_v the_o example_n of_o velvet_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o consequence_n for_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o so_o dear_a proportionable_o and_o concern_v the_o price_n of_o wine_n and_o corn_n he_o do_v prove_v the_o same_o to_o be_v dear_a 20_o time_n and_o more_o or_o less_o upon_o occasion_n conclude_v that_o those_o example_n be_v also_o unfit_a and_o then_o he_o come_v to_o the_o price_n of_o land_n which_o can_v increase_v or_o diminish_v nor_o be_v alter_v of_o their_o goodness_n if_o they_o be_v manure_v whereupon_o he_o take_v occasion_n to_o show_v the_o fertility_n of_o france_n and_o that_o certain_a dukedom_n earldom_n and_o baronny_n be_v now_o worth_a of_o revenue_n as_o much_o yearly_a as_o they_o be_v sell_v for_o in_o time_n past_a the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o rise_v in_o price_n he_o show_v that_o within_o sixty_o year_n all_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a ten_o time_n the_o price_n compare_v it_o to_o any_o money_n in_o france_n and_o so_o set_v down_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o dearth_n which_o be_v 5_o in_o number_n 1_o the_o principal_a &_o almost_o only_a cause_n the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o extant_a in_o the_o kingdom_n more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a 2_o the_o monopoly_n 3_o the_o want_n of_o thing_n cause_v by_o excessive_a trade_n and_o waste_v thereof_o 4_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n that_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n 5_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n concern_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n he_o say_v that_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o what_o place_n soever_o proceed_v of_o the_o abundance_n of_o that_o which_o give_v price_n and_o estimation_n unto_o thing_n and_o herupon_o do_v allege_v diverse_a example_n plutarch_n and_o pliny_n do_v witness_n that_o paulus_n aemylius_fw-la after_o the_o conquest_n of_o macedon_n against_o the_o persian_n do_v bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o people_n be_v free_v of_o all_o impost_n and_o the_o price_n of_o land_n advance_v unto_o two_o three_o part_n in_o a_o moment_n the_o emperor_n augustus_n bring_v such_o great_a riches_n from_o egypt_n that_o the_o price_n of_o usury_n do_v decrease_v and_o the_o land_n become_v much_o dear_a than_o before_o which_o be_v not_o for_o the_o want_n of_o land_n which_o can_v increase_v or_o diminish_v nor_o for_o the_o monopoly_n which_o can_v take_v no_o place_n in_o this_o case_n but_o it_o be_v the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o abate_v the_o estimation_n thereof_o as_o it_o happen_v at_o jerusalem_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o candace_n and_o in_o the_o west_n indies_n when_o the_o spaniard_n become_v master_n thereof_o by_o which_o reason_n the_o emperor_n tiberius_n be_v much_o mistake_v to_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v behead_v that_o will_v have_v make_v glass_n soft_a and_o malleable_a fear_v that_o gold_n and_o silver_n will_v thereby_o have_v lose_v their_o estimation_n whereas_o the_o abundance_n of_o glass_n which_o be_v make_v almost_o of_o all_o stone_n and_o many_o herb_n will_v have_v diminish_v the_o reputation_n thereof_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o with_o all_o other_o thing_n therefore_o say_v he_o we_o be_v to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o time_n past_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o as_o there_o be_v now_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v for_o if_o there_o be_v money_n within_o the_o realm_n it_o can_v be_v so_o well_o hide_v but_o that_o prince_n in_o their_o necessity_n and_o occurrence_n will_v find_v the_o same_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o king_n john_n in_o his_o great_a necessity_n can_v not_o find_v 60_o thousand_o frank_n let_v it_o be_v crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n but_o do_v remain_v a_o prisoner_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 8_o year_n in_o like_a sort_n the_o king_n of_o scot_n be_v prisoner_n can_v not_o find_v mean_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o noble_n until_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o five_o pay_v the_o same_o make_v alliance_n with_o robert_n the_o king_n of_o scot_n anno_fw-la 1371._o king_n saint_n lewis_n be_v in_o the_o like_a predicament_n be_v prisoner_n in_o egypt_n and_o the_o ancient_a history_n do_v record_n that_o for_o want_v of_o silver_n money_n be_v make_v of_o leather_n with_o a_o nail_n of_o silver_n whereby_o appear_v the_o great_a want_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n in_o france_n in_o those_o day_n whereas_o come_v to_o our_o age_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o king_n do_v find_v in_o paris_n in_o six_o month_n beside_o the_o income_n and_o revenue_n more_o than_o three_o million_o 4_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o after_o 10_o pound_n for_o the_o pound_n starling_n be_v 340_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n herunto_o he_o have_v add_v a_o comparison_n between_o certain_a revenue_n and_o money_n give_v in_o marriage_n with_o prince_n and_o their_o kindred_n in_o those_o day_n with_o the_o like_a do_v by_o prince_n of_o late_a year_n and_o how_o italy_n through_o peace_n and_o mean_n of_o their_o traffic_n have_v draw_v all_o the_o gold_n unto_o they_o the_o treasure_n in_o europe_n be_v general_o increase_v since_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n for_o it_o be_v incredible_a say_v he_o and_o yet_o true_a that_o since_o the_o year_n 1533_o there_o come_v from_o peru_n more_o than_o one_o hundred_o million_o of_o gold_n and_o twice_o as_o much_o in_o silver_n then_o he_o come_v to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o wealth_n and_o treasure_n of_o france_n show_v how_o the_o spaniard_n run_v to_o the_o uttermost_a corner_n of_o the_o world_n for_o gold_n silver_n and_o spice_n do_v come_v unto_o they_o for_o their_o corn_n linen_n cloth_n and_o diverse_a other_o commodity_n on_o the_o other_o side_n how_o the_o english_a man_n scot_n the_o people_n of_o norway_n swaden_n and_o denmark_n be_v continual_o dig_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o mine_n even_o to_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o metal_n and_o mineral_n for_o to_o buy_v their_o wine_n prune_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o most_o especial_o their_o manna_n of_o salt_n which_o god_n send_v as_o it_o be_v from_o heaven_n their_o climate_n be_v more_o apt_a thereunto_o then_o that_o of_o other_o country_n which_o cause_v the_o fleming_n to_o come_v with_o their_o empty_a vessel_n to_o buy_v the_o same_o for_o ready_a money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o traffic_n of_o saltfish_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n the_o second_o be_v the_o increase_n of_o people_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n which_o cease_v between_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n &_o burgundy_n be_v much_o augment_v until_o the_o trouble_n for_o religion_n whereas_o the_o war_n of_o neighbour_n country_n be_v but_o a_o necessary_a purgation_n of_o the_o ill_a humour_n of_o the_o body_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o war_n at_o home_n have_v before_o that_o time_n waste_v the_o country_n overthrow_v husbandry_n and_o spoil_v all_o handiwork_n the_o englishman_n have_v sack_v their_o town_n burn_v their_o village_n murder_v and_o rob_v the_o most_o part_n of_o their_o people_n and_o gnaw_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o bone_n howbeit_o within_o these_o 100_o year_n the_o town_n have_v be_v re-edify_v village_n new_a build_v wood_n increase_v &_o the_o people_n augment_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o colony_n of_o frenchman_n have_v be_v send_v into_o other_o country_n to_o inhabit_v they_o and_o the_o spaniard_n be_v negligent_a and_o lazy_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o arragon_n and_o navarre_n without_o any_o labourer_n or_o any_o other_o workman_n but_o only_o frenchmen_n which_o be_v more_o serviceable_a and_o active_a another_o cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o france_n be_v the_o trade_n have_v since_o their_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o with_o the_o turk_n and_o barbarian_a &_o the_o bank_n of_o lion_n erect_v in_o his_o time_n bring_v abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n into_o france_n when_o he_o pay_v 8_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o money_n and_o his_o successor_n ten_o afterward_o 16_o and_o 20_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n which_o make_v the_o florentine_n lugueses_n genoese_n german_n and_o other_o to_o come_v &_o dwell_v in_o the_o realm_n by_o which_o mean_v also_o the_o
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that_o it_o will_v make_v now_o with_o we_o 27_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v esteem_v at_o five_o shilling_n which_o then_o be_v but_o at_o twenty_o penny_n edward_n the_o three_o make_v many_o good_a law_n to_o keep_v the_o treasure_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o home_n commodity_n and_o have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n shall_v not_o over-ballaunce_a his_o home_n commodity_n know_v that_o if_o he_o pay_v more_o for_o they_o than_o he_o make_v of_o his_o commodity_n the_o difference_n must_v be_v make_v up_o and_o balance_v with_o the_o treasure_n or_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o have_v bring_v the_o work_n and_o make_v of_o cloth_n into_o the_o realm_n he_o do_v devise_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o find_v vent_n for_o the_o same_o observe_v a_o due_a course_n for_o to_o prevent_v the_o transportation_n of_o his_o money_n and_o that_o the_o true_a value_n of_o his_o money_n may_v be_v 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proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o former_a statute_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v which_o take_v place_n but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n because_o the_o war_n bring_v all_o thing_n out_o of_o order_n so_o that_o at_o last_o the_o base_a money_n be_v coin_a which_o be_v do_v without_o any_o order_n bring_v diverse_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o realm_n edward_n the_o six_o do_v cry_v down_o those_o base_a money_n of_o his_o father_n and_o cause_v new_a money_n to_o be_v coin_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_a standard_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o do_v also_o prohibit_v very_o severe_o the_o transportation_n thereof_o by_o proclamation_n albeit_o they_o prove_v fruitless_a as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o her_o majesty_n time_n by_o this_o brief_a collection_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o great_a care_n these_o noble_a prince_n have_v have_v to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v not_o find_v themselves_o and_o their_o kingdom_n without_o treasure_n of_o gold_n &_o silver_n draw_v by_o mean_n of_o their_o commodity_n and_o to_o avoid_v not_o to_o fall_v into_o that_o error_n of_o the_o french_a king_n charles_n the_o nine_o who_o after_o the_o massacre_n of_o paris_n find_v the_o treasure_n of_o his_o realm_n exhaust_v and_o his_o subject_n wealth_n to_o consist_v more_o of_o plate_n then_o of_o ready_a money_n be_v advise_v by_o some_o that_o under_o colour_n of_o the_o suppress_n of_o pride_n it_o be_v good_a to_o take_v a_o course_n to_o prescribe_v every_o man_n what_o store_n of_o plate_n he_o shall_v keep_v according_a to_o his_o degree_n and_o quality_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o money_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o will_v not_o only_o breed_v a_o discontentment_n unto_o his_o subject_n but_o a_o derogation_n and_o dishonour_n of_o the_o king_n reputation_n see_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n wherefore_o like_o good_a politician_n do_v advise_v the_o king_n to_o embase_v his_o money_n which_o will_v cause_v the_o same_o not_o to_o be_v transport_v and_o the_o plate_n to_o be_v of_o course_n convert_v into_o money_n which_o be_v do_v according_o and_o have_v also_o that_o effect_n save_v that_o where_o they_o think_v money_n will_v not_o be_v transport_v they_o find_v themselves_o deceive_v for_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v not_o look_v into_o by_o they_o which_o do_v cause_v a_o gain_n to_o be_v have_v upon_o the_o money_n and_o so_o long_o as_o the_o gain_n remain_v it_o be_v still_o transport_v whereby_o at_o last_o he_o lose_v the_o plate_n of_o
how_o absurd_a it_o be_v let_v the_o wise_a judge_n by_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o banker_n and_o a_o general_a exchanger_n the_o banker_n do_v draw_v unto_o himself_o all_o the_o money_n of_o other_o man_n make_v his_o small_a stock_n to_o be_v infinite_a and_o the_o exchanger_n must_v with_o his_o own_o stock_n supply_v other_o man_n occasion_n for_o no_o man_n be_v command_v or_o by_o policy_n of_o course_n compel_v to_o deliver_v money_n unto_o he_o the_o banker_n do_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n with_o the_o correspondency_n of_o other_o bank_n elsewhere_o at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o most_o advantage_n the_o exchanger_n can_v have_v no_o correspondency_n with_o other_o bank_n for_o he_o be_v limit_v how_o to_o deal_v at_o a_o certainty_n in_o price_n by_o exchange_n and_o therefore_o must_v have_v his_o factor_n or_o servant_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n in_o the_o place_n of_o traffic_n but_o because_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o please_v man_n humour_n in_o the_o reformation_n of_o abuse_n which_o either_o for_o gain_v some_o will_v have_v to_o continue_v or_o other_o through_o ignorance_n do_v not_o understand_v therefore_o be_v there_o another_o mean_v propound_v to_o keep_v a_o due_a course_n in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n without_o a_o exchanger_n by_o a_o proscription_n in_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n to_o all_o swear_a broker_n how_o to_o make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n for_o all_o place_n according_a to_o value_n for_o value_n which_o will_v be_v easy_a and_o in_o effect_n aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la as_o we_o have_v declare_v so_o as_o a_o due_a regard_n be_v have_v of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o thing_n note_v always_o this_o coherence_n that_o even_o as_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v with_o we_o a_o low_a exchange_n and_o the_o low_a price_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n that_o so_o by_o procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n we_o do_v not_o procure_v therewithal_o the_o cause_n of_o exportation_n and_o hunt_v as_o it_o be_v after_o our_o own_o shadow_n some_o other_o have_v think_v this_o matter_n to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n incurable_a or_o impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v now_o adays_o consider_v the_o great_a trade_n when_o to_o speak_v true_o the_o trade_n of_o our_o commodity_n be_v much_o decay_a and_o without_o that_o they_o can_v yield_v or_o give_v any_o probable_a reason_n thereof_o but_o that_o the_o difficulty_n and_o sickness_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v admit_v it_o as_o who_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v better_a to_o let_v a_o sick_a body_n languish_v to_o death_n then_o to_o make_v he_o drink_v a_o unsavoury_a potion_n to_o restore_v he_o to_o health_n for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o have_v think_v it_o my_o duty_n in_o regard_n of_o profession_n to_o publish_v and_o prefer_v sincere_o according_a to_o my_o small_a talon_n any_o thing_n which_o may_v make_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n especial_o it_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n wish_v that_o other_o man_n endue_v with_o more_o learning_n and_o adorn_v with_o excellent_a virtue_n will_v be_v always_o careful_a to_o do_v the_o like_a in_o that_o which_o concern_v their_o profession_n and_o hereunto_o i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o encourage_v for_o that_o since_o the_o publish_n of_o my_o treatise_n aforesaid_a and_o by_o mean_n of_o my_o private_a advice_n unto_o diverse_a without_o boast_v or_o arrogancy_n be_v it_o speak_v there_o have_v be_v a_o better_a course_n take_v by_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o exchange_n whereby_o great_a store_n of_o silver_n bullion_n and_o some_o gold_n have_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o general_a benefit_n and_o good_a of_o the_o bringer_n thereof_o which_o do_v put_v i_o in_o hope_n that_o the_o like_a vigilancy_n and_o regard_n will_v be_v have_v by_o diverse_a in_o the_o sale_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o the_o buy_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o due_a inspection_n to_o equity_n and_o justice_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o recommend_v unto_o we_o providence_n and_o do_v not_o altogether_o exclude_v policy_n especial_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o government_n of_o a_o state_n or_o kingdom_n in_o study_v the_o way_n of_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o the_o wealth_n thereof_o which_o can_v proper_o be_v do_v but_o by_o these_o mean_n for_o the_o same_o can_v decrease_v but_o by_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o treasure_n and_o by_o sell_v our_o home_n commodity_n too_o good_a cheap_a and_o pay_v too_o dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n as_o we_o have_v note_v before_o to_o which_o end_n we_o be_v to_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n betwixt_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o deal_v and_o not_o to_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n with_o master_n bodine_n by_o examine_v the_o price_n thereof_o within_o the_o commonwealth_n where_o we_o do_v live_v without_o make_v any_o application_n thereof_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o conservation_n whereof_o prayer_n and_o mean_n be_v requisite_a at_o all_o time_n veritas_fw-la unita_fw-la valet_fw-la
cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n now_o and_o bring_v a_o general_a poverty_n to_o the_o realm_n a_o conclusion_n most_o opposite_a to_o the_o first_o paradox_n and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o of_o necessity_n the_o embase_v of_o the_o silver_n money_n proceed_v by_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o gold_n the_o word_n embase_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o valuation_n which_o be_v observe_v between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v 11_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n but_o the_o silver_n be_v not_o embase_v by_o allay_n or_o copper_n in_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o gold_n for_o the_o substance_n remain_v unalter_a and_o become_v only_o abate_v in_o price_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o gold_n now_o if_o master_n bodine_n have_v not_o show_v before_o that_o malestroit_n have_v mistake_v himself_o in_o the_o set_n down_o of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o money_n in_o price_n and_o the_o embase_v by_o allay_n whereby_o the_o gold_n money_n by_o he_o allege_v to_o be_v rise_v from_o one_o to_o two_o and_o a_o half_a and_o three_o in_o price_n and_o the_o silver_n money_n from_o one_o to_o 5_o we_o may_v have_v examine_v this_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n according_a to_o his_o allegation_n and_o thereby_o make_v know_v that_o he_o have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n as_o well_o in_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n in_o valuation_n fineness_n and_o weight_n as_o he_o do_v the_o whole_a ground_n of_o his_o paradox_n for_o have_v lose_v the_o line_n wherewith_o he_o go_v into_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o money_n and_o their_o property_n he_o be_v like_a unto_o a_o man_n who_o have_v lose_v his_o way_n among_o the_o wood_n the_o further_o he_o go_v the_o more_o he_o err_v from_o the_o right_a way_n master_n malestroit_n may_v have_v declare_v his_o intention_n in_o two_o word_n if_o he_o have_v have_v the_o true_a ground_n and_o understand_v the_o matter_n he_o go_v about_o by_o prove_v only_o that_o when_o money_n do_v alter_v in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o valuation_n or_o in_o all_o three_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v alter_v only_o by_o denomination_n if_o the_o valuation_n be_v make_v according_o as_o for_o example_n a_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v divide_v heretofore_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o 20_o piece_n and_o so_o value_v 20_o penny_n every_o penny_n in_o value_n weigh_v a_o penny_n weight_n this_o ounce_n in_o process_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o be_v divide_v afterward_o into_o 30_o piece_n than_o 40_o piece_n 45_o piece_n and_o now_o 60_o piece_n so_o that_o a_o penny_n weight_n of_o starling_n silver_n be_v now_o three_o penny_n and_o the_o piece_n be_v only_o alter_v in_o name_n for_o a_o three_o penny_n piece_n waigh_v but_o a_o penny_n weight_n so_o that_o the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v alter_v only_o in_o denomination_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n must_v needs_o receive_v the_o like_a name_n or_o denomination_n and_o if_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v not_o rise_v above_o this_o estimation_n of_o three_o for_o one_o then_o m._n malestroit_n may_v have_v make_v good_a his_o first_o paradox_n howbeit_o fail_v in_o his_o second_o paradox_n again_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n shall_v reduce_v the_o valuation_n of_o a_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n unto_o 20_o penny_n present_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n will_v be_v alter_v according_o and_o that_o for_o which_o we_o give_v now_o 3_o penny_n shall_v but_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o penny_n which_o will_v seem_v to_o be_v better_a cheap_a and_o yet_o will_v not_o be_v so_o in_o effect_n for_o we_o shall_v give_v still_o the_o quantity_n of_o silver_n of_o three_o penny_n albeit_o the_o name_n thereof_o be_v alter_v and_o therefore_o not_o better_a cheap_a true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o queen_n shall_v receive_v for_o her_o income_n and_o revenue_n of_o crown_n land_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o her_o predecessor_n do_v in_o time_n past_a and_o nobleman_n and_o other_o in_o like_a sort_n for_o their_o land_n and_o officer_n for_o their_o fee_n be_v after_o the_o old_a rent_n and_o custom_n but_o this_o reduction_n will_v prove_v very_o prejudicial_a consider_v that_o other_o prince_n have_v enhance_a the_o price_n of_o their_o money_n which_o do_v carry_v a_o show_n of_o gain_n in_o the_o eye_n or_o judgement_n of_o most_o man_n which_o be_v thereupon_o incline_v to_o carry_v money_n unto_o they_o albeit_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o those_o prince_n dominion_n do_v not_o only_o countervail_v that_o suppose_a gain_n in_o the_o general_a course_n of_o traffic_n but_o also_o far_o surmount_v the_o same_o but_o the_o money_n with_o we_o not_o be_v alter_v in_o weight_n fineness_n or_o valuation_n within_o these_o fifty_o year_n in_o which_o time_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v so_o much_o alter_v how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n take_v any_o place_n and_o if_o his_o second_o paradox_n have_v be_v of_o a_o true_a ground_n what_o reason_n have_v any_o man_n to_o measure_v thing_n present_a with_o the_o thing_n of_o former_a age_n so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n of_o the_o money_n almost_o within_o the_o age_n of_o any_o man_n for_o if_o above_o fifty_o year_n pass_v i_o have_v receive_v a_o angel_n of_o such_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o angel_n now_o adays_o for_o ten_o shilling_n and_o do_v pay_v out_o the_o same_o again_o for_o ten_o shilling_n there_o can_v be_v no_o loss_n although_o i_o shall_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o the_o same_o which_o if_o i_o do_v i_o can_v attribute_v the_o loss_n thereof_o upon_o my_o angel_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o dearth_n of_o commodity_n the_o money_n not_o have_v be_v alter_v within_o my_o time_n king_n henry_n the_o 8_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v find_v the_o ounce_n of_o starling_n silver_n to_o be_v value_v at_o 40_o penny_n &_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n according_o the_o money_z be_v in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a standard_n of_o england_n at_o which_o time_n the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n adjacent_a be_v not_o so_o much_o advance_v in_o price_n for_o a_o angel_n be_v in_o his_o time_n value_v at_o 6_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n be_v then_o worth_a beyond_o the_o sea_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n and_o the_o silver_n money_fw-mi according_o afterward_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n he_o cause_v all_o his_o money_n to_o be_v embase_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n and_o make_v very_o base_a money_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n be_v advance_v so_o that_o the_o money_n be_v alter_v in_o substance_n be_v the_o cause_n to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o that_o afterwards_o when_o to_o her_o majesty_n great_a honour_n the_o 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former_a goodness_n in_o her_o majesty_n reign_n will_v have_v abate_v the_o price_n of_o other_o thing_n according_o have_v not_o the_o valuation_n be_v alter_v and_o countervail_v the_o same_o together_o with_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n for_o this_o ounce_n of_o silver_n aforesaid_a be_v value_v at_o 60_o penny_n and_o that_o which_o before_o do_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o 45_o be_v call_v 60_o which_o denomination_n cause_v all_o other_o thing_n to_o remain_v at_o the_o old_a price_n whereunto_o they_o be_v come_v through_o the_o baseness_n of_o the_o money_n before_o that_o time_n now_o before_o we_o conclude_v it_o be_v worthy_a the_o note_n that_o when_o in_o this_o king_n time_n the_o angel_n be_v worth_a under_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n the_o king_n