Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	king_n	prince_n	war_n	3,016	5	6.3180	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A89225	Great Britains remembrancer, looking in and out. Tending to the increase of the monies of the Commonwealth· / Presented to his Highness the Lord Protector, and to the High Court of Parliament now assembled. By the author Ralphe Maddison, Kt.; Englands looking in and out.	Maddison, Ralph, Sir.	1654 (1654)	Wing M245; Thomason E818_18; ESTC R202851	23,222	47

Denomination so then and now it falleth out to be the same in debasing the Coin as it was in Denomination but a temporary remedy and to no purpose but extreme hurt as I shall tell you hereafter when I come to speak of the inconveniences of raising the Coin by Denomination or debasing of it by Allay or Copper which will be all one and worketh alike in effect So then you having the weights of Gold and Silver and composition thereof in your understanding and memory it remaineth to let you know That almost all Princes Coins do differ in fineness or mixture Few do agree just together in as much as Spain when it had the Kingdom of Portugall had four Mynts and more under his Dominions or Command Two in the West-Indies Mexico and Peru and two in the Continent of Spain Lisbon and Sivile Difference of finenesse yet all four differ in fineness one from the other something for which there is some reason to be given in its proper time So likewise there is some difference in fineness in other Princes Coins as between us and France and the Low-Countreys Archdukes and United Provinces Lubeck Hamborough Stoad and the Emperiall Cities of Germany And for this cause of differences ours consisting of eleven Ounces Most Mynts differ in fineness 2 penny weight fine France of eleven Ounces fine Low-Countreys of ten Ounces and some of nine Ounces fine in the pound Troy It behoveth us who have the finest standard or mixture of Silver in our Moneys to beware that our fine Moneys be not drawn out from us to maintain the baser Mynts For if Denomination have a power to work that effect much more hath Embasing of Coin being not so easily perceived as the other and to watch over them in all places least we be deceived by any of them Or else how should we know when they alter or what Mynt it is that draweth our Moneys from us Therefore it is needfull to watch But some will say what need we be put to trouble to watch others cannot we more easily do what others do To this I answer If there were no harm in so doing at home yet to alter with them that alter or may alter requireth a continuall watch over all others with whom we have Commerce And if we should alter our Mynt as often as others may alter we should ever be altering and have no rest at home This by consequence must needs bring a confusion in short time when once moving our Mynt hath made great alterations amongst us at home and will ever do so when we shall alter It is the greatest harm to Superior and Subjects as shall be shewed God willing hereafter In the mean time give me leave to let you know that in or about the year of our Lord 1555. We being in amity with all Princes and Neighbor-Mynts there was a generall consent amongst Princes and States to make a Treaty for the concord in Mynt-affairs to keep a parity in Coins which Treaties were frequent in Elder times but now by reason of Wars near hand in France Low-countries and Germany is omitted And in K. Henry the eighth's time there is mention made of A Treatise between the King and the Archdutchess of Austria wherein it was found that the difference of an Half-penny in an Angel of Gold would be sufficient to exhaust his Treasure out of his Kingdom and by no means would suffer it Then per consequence what doe they which at this time do raise their Mony twenty in the hundred above others The answer to this is They do break the Law of Nations which is a just cause of war among Princes to goe about to draw away their Neighbours Coin by enhancing by Denomination or debasing the fineness by Allay for all make one effect as aforesaid But what care they to break the Law of Nations that purpose to have War and this is advantageous for that purpose of War to draw Money to themselves and from whom they do War with Then is answered for that point and must we then of consequence have our Moneys exhausted as they are or make War and by the next consequence be und one Is there no other remedy There is but that is referred to another time and place Now I have laid open the composing of the weight and fineness of Gold and silver I am to shew the cause of Exporting of our Gold and Silver before a Remedy can be applyed And this is a secret to most men to know the cause and will be controverted by them that have profit by it and if we believe them that controvert it the cause is lost Therefore I pray remember what Ecclesiastes saith as concerning Merchant-Exchange or touching Exchange Trust not a Merchant in the business of Exchange or touching Exchange A Laborer in the point of Hire nor a Souldier in the ending of Wars Bear in minde I pray you and have it habituated in you the weight of Gold and Silver and the fineness of our own Coin especially without the which knowing and remembring no man can understand the Merchandizing Exchange the true cause of exhausting of our Moneys nor yet the remedy thereof Therefore I pray you pause upon that awhile which hath bin delivered unless you have bin versed in or do understand the Mynt-business and composing both weight and fineness of Gold and Silver which hath bin in some measure declared CHAP. II. NOw by your favour because these words viz. Ballance of Trade or Commerce and Merchandizing Exchange must of force be mentioned being the words of Art or Science well known to many in this Honourable Assembly who have bin versed by Trade or Travel in Foraign parts Yet because I suppose there be more here assembled that have not been versed in or given their minds to Merchandizing business I humbly crave pardon if I be bold for the help of all mens understanding herein to explain these words in as few words as I can And first of Ballance Ballance of Trade All men do know what it meaneth at home in buying and selling but the word Trade put thereto is obscure till it be opened Ballance of Trade then is the computation or taking the accompt or valuation of all the Merchandize exported or imported into this Comon-wealth every year which being cast up may tell us whether we get or lose or what losse or gain cometh to the Commonwealth that year the Ballance is cast up And if it be found that we import more then we export then that which doth want of making the Ballance equall must be fulfilled with our Commonwealths stock or store of Money which in process of time will eat up or consume to a very small portion our Moneys that should beate or maintain our home-Commerce or Markets and per consequence lessen the prizes of our Wools Corn Lands and what not For this is infallibly true in common sense That where much money is there the prizes

are greater and where little money is there the prizes of all things are less and grow low Hence it was wil be said this Proverb Regina pecunia donat for money will bear rule in price in despight of all men that say no. But I doe conjecture as some have said to my self some in this Assembly will say How is it possible that all Goods or Merchandizes going out of this Commonwealth and coming in should be accounted This is a thing that to some Wise men doth seem impossible To this I answer it is no new thing the Valuation or rate or price of all Goods going out and into this Realm hath been put in Books duly kept in every port of this Realm and once a year brought into the Kings Remembrancers office in the Exchequer and there to be collected and made up into one gross Summ of all out-bound and another Sum of all in-bound Goods Whereby the King might as in a Mirror see the face of his Commonwealth whether it grew fat or lean and this under favourable correction be it spoken was one amongst other causes wherefore Custome of old was due to the King by common Reason or law for the maintenance of the Officers that attend this care in every Port and is so ancient That in Henry the third his time it was called the Old Custome before all memory of Record This may suffice in brevity for the words Ballance of Trade Secondly Merchant-Exchange the word Exchange all know what it is to make a change Merchandizing Exchange is known only to Merchants and to those who in Forraign Travail have used it And few of either sort doe know the par or equall Exchange of Coins between Forainers and us Exchange of Merchants was first invented for the saving of Portage and keeping of Moneys at home in every Government or Commonwealth besides the hazard that might befall in carrying of Treasure as luggage from place to place which otherwise upon every severall Contract made to be paid forraignly would be exported and every Travailer beyond the Sea should carry his expending Money with him But now if by equall or disadvantageous Exchange a man deliver an hundred pounds here to be paid so much like quantity of Gold or Silver there again beyond Seas this both keepeth the Money at home as aforesaid and saveth the hazard in carriage But if by unequal exchange a gain may be had by over-valuing of our Monies beyond Sea as now they be overvalued especially in France not only a Merchant making contract as aforesaid or a Travailer not knowing the mysterie shall lose Ten or more in the hundred and the Merchant-observer of the mysterie for the gain had thereby export the Money in specie but more specially Gold when visibly without change of the species he may retain ten of those Pieces or more in the Hundred and there with 90 Pieces pay the Hundred pieces received here and this is the overt or open fallacy now too frequent in France practised upon or by the Denomination of that Coin But there is another more secret which is practised by Exchangers to be considered from the fineness of the Coin Wherein is to be noted that all Princes Coins are not alike for some have more Allay or Copper mixt with the Gold or Silver which were a long Discourse to enter into and upon agitation of this business of Exchange will be opened sufficiently There being only two chief wayes of deceit Denomination or open deceit the second intrinsick or inward value consisting in the mixture of Copper more or less put into the Gold or Silver Also take this with you for a Principle That Moneys can neither be advanced in Denomination nor a pound Troy or an Ounce be made into more pieces of silver nor debased by putting more Copper or Allay without generall detriment to the Republique a perillous thing to deal withall without doubt and most specially in Land Commonweals And wherefore more in Land Commonweals then in Maritime and Merchandizing Commonweals You must be told or you will not believe Merchants can immediatly change with the changer without detriment The Merchant can immediately set price of his Merchandize according to the worth of the Money and the Artificer and Labourer set a price according to his labour or hire which cannot be done in a Land-state more especially in our Commonwealth which I forbear for the present till I shew the inconveniences or mischiefs that would follow the alteration of our Mynt and will be most pernicious to undertake any such thing Moreover because our Gold might not be seen too visibly and make too great a shew in France or elswhere there is order to bring in the Foraign Gold so fast as may be to be re-Mynted again in their Mynts In France they doe Mynt double and treble and quatreble Pieces calling them Lowyzens and mynt them after the proportion of Fifteen to One of silver We holding in our proportion Thirteen to One or a little more which very Mynt is able by that means to draw all our Gold away even that which is left so fast as can be gleaned if Remedy be not provided therein Now this Observation following offereth it self to give us to understand That if this proportion between Gold and Silver be not observed aright Gold may buy out Silver and Silver may buy out Gold out of the Realm and so the Common-wealth be deprived of both The raising of Gold here did cause more Gold then Silver to come to the Mynt and by the same means it is called from us into France which plainly sheweth that the raising of Gold or Silver or disproportioning one by another is but temporary and proveth no better in the end then a fallacy as enhancing and debasing and so they all be And the truth is no State stands sure that stands not on the grounds and rules of right Here is to be noted that Silver prizes Gold and Gold prizes not Silver the reason is because Silver is of more common use though Gold be more esteemed of Rich men according to the common Adage Bonum quo communius eo melius It is also better for the Commonwealth that more Silver then Gold be mynted for Silver is not so hastily nor easily exported as Gold will be And there will be alwayes some Canker-worms or Money-Brokers to export Silver or Gold so long as Trade is For remedy of which there must be some allowance made in the Balance of Trade notwithstanding all diligent watch that may be and great Reward to be given to the discoverers CHAP III. BUt somtehing else cometh to mind which is the inconveniences that befall our state when our Monies are raised or made little the moving of our Mintmust either be in embasing the Gold or Sylver or advancing it in denomination or diminishing it by the sheares But back it cannot be brought when once it is raised and hath obtained currency It is a