feel the Prince his pulse therein So as Viola when he shewed the prejudice which the Publick received by the Negotiators borrowing as he touched upon other disorders of the Kingdom said That it was not to be remedied without searching the bottom of the business but that it was to be hoped that the Duke of Orleans and the Prince of Condé who were primarily concern'd in the States preservation would employ such remedies therein as were requisite and was expected from their wisdome The Prince thought himself much injured by these words fearing lest because he went often to his house and was inward with Chastillton the Court might think that he himself had made him to say this and that therefore having discovered his hidden ends he would in time endeavour to cross him in his ways He therefore interrupted him and said That it became not the Parliament to meddle in such Affairs Viola's friends and such as were dip'd in the designe could not brook this the Prince's interruption and therefore a great murmure was made in the Assembly with but small shew of respect born to Orleans or Condé though they were both present The Prince could not contain himself but changing his colour grew angry and by a gesture of his finger which is natural unto him seemed to threaten the Assembly Hereby the Court perceived that many of the Parliament meant no good and fearing lest Factions might increase and that the people being encouraged by her Enemies might begin to make new Barricadoes began to listen to those who wish'd that the King would go out of Paris being therein encouraged by the Prince who was much scandalized at what had been said The Dutchess of Longueville seeing that the Prince her Brother and Head of her house would not joyn in the common Cause for so it was termed by many thought it advantagious for the Cause to have her House divided since not being able to make it do what she would it behoved that one part thereof should withdraw it self from the hatred of the people and might be put into a condition of rising to such greatness as the present times seemed to afford The Prince of Conty was already won over by his Sister Thus did the Treaty of Noysy end whereinto but few were admitted for the more secresie Prince Marsilliack who was afterwards Duke of Rochsaucot and Governour of Porctou was presently acquainted therewith who was very intimate with Conty and Longueville and not being well pleased with the Queen for being denied some Honour which he was promised and which he pretended unto he willingly listned to the invitation left his Government came to Paris about the end of the year and entered into the Union and the Dutchess of Longueville being great with Childe and Conty of a tender Complexion the chief management of Affairs lay upon him The Cardinal discovering these Plots sought dextrously how to escape the Blow But it being impossible that his Glory should not be envied since neither Goodness Wisdome nor Rewards are a sufficient fence against Ambition Condé who was all Life and Spirit had projected with himself how to become necessary to the Court as well by Actions as Advice and being desirous of that power which he hated in others he suffered all things to run to ruine that so he might have occasion of compassing his ends But because together with the known reasons of Duke Longueville's distastes there were some more secret ones and of greater importance it will not be amiss to make this Digression Whilst in August the aforesaid Tumults were in Paris Duke Longueville sent Monsieur Priolo a confident of his to the Cardinal to assure him of his service to him and to the Court ofâ—ering to come and bring 2000 Gentlemen with him who should carry him into Normandy The Cardinal seemed very well satisfied with this offer and bad Priolo tell the Duke that he should also receive all satisfaction from him Where it is to be observed that but eight days before the same Priolo had desired the Government of Havre de Grace for the Duke his Master and was answered That it could not be done without discomposing the State Priolo told the Duke That the Cardinal to boot with other Complements assured him that he the Duke should receive all content from him 'T is well said the Duke then I shall have Havre de Grace Priolo said The Cardinal had not spoken any thing to him concerning that Place and that his Grace might do well to speak with the Cardinal and thank him that so he might know his intention more clearly The Duke answered He would not do so and that when time and place should serve he would make him declare himself more fully The King being afterward gone to Ruel the Prince of Condé as he returned from Flanders was met by Longueville at Chantely and said That now any thing might be got and that he had got Havre de Grace The Prince was surprized thereat who when he came to Ruel told the Cardinal of it who plainly denied it The Prince acquained his Brother-in-Law with it who from that time forward declared himself dissatisfied and this incited him to novelty and engaged him therein This mean while the Male-contents who were Enemies to Peace as thinking they should never fill their unsatiateness thereby gave out to the Citizens and Merchants of Paris That Commerce decay'd that their Purses were emptied by the continuance of War which was still maintained onely because the Cardinal was an enemy to Peace They set on foot two things the one that the Parliament should renew the Decree against Forreigners which was made in the time of Marquiss d' Ancre by which the Administration of Government would be taken from the Cardinal And the other that they should endeavour to interest more Princes and great men of the Kingdom in their Faction Whereupon by the Coadjutors counsel who by appearing Piety strengthned his politick ends giving large Alms to the Poor in the Streets and Churches whereby he got the Prayers of the meaner people as oft as the Parliament sat to treat of this Affair those that were most seditious appeared accompanied with multitudes of mutinous people who cri'd aloud to have the Government taken from the Cardinal threatning all that were against it And this they did because this Proposal being several times on foot in the Parliament it was not approved of as being inhumane and contrary to Law which doth not allow that people should be punish'd before they are proved guilty by Process so as the Negative Votes were more than the Affirmative The designe of these discontented Lords who were incited to Novelty onely out of ambition was that if their Majesties should not grant a Reformation in the Court according to their desires the Prince of Conty should head the people that were to rise that the Coadjutor in his Pontifical Robes should foment the Sedition and that every one betaking themselves to violence they
touching sending the Cardinal out of the Kingdom and here it was observed he answered those with much moderation who were too violent in their opinions The same day the Queen assembled together all the chief Lords of France who were of her party whereof there were two bodies composed the one of Princes Dukes and Peers as the Dukes of Vandosme Mercure d' Elbeufe with their Sons Count Harcourt the Dukes of Espernoun and of Candalle The other of the Marishals d' Estree di L' Hospitalle Villeroy Plessis Pralin d' Aumont d' Estampes d' Oquincourt and Grance who being told what had past it was resolved that Vandosme Espernoun and d' Elbeuse should go and desire Orleans to come to Council D' Elbeuse delivered the message who said that his Highness might come with all safety to the Court offering himself to be an Hostage for him the Duke repli'd that d' Elbeuse should rather hold his peace than speak that it was a pleasant thing to observe that when he was for the Cardinal d' Elbeuse was for the Parliament and that now that he had declared for the Parliament d' Elbeuse was for Mazarine which argued his continual aversness to him though d' Elbeuse had had many obligations to him The Dutchess told him she was sorry that he was of the house of Lorrain and Orleans after having used many sharp speeches told Vandosme and Espernoun that he could not go to Court without bringing the Princes with him They then returned all to Court whither being gone late that Evening with the rest of the King's people to acquaint the Queen with what had been decreed and to know her Majesties pleasure touching the sending of the Cardinal away she answered That she was fully resolved to release the Princes but that she had somewhat to say to the Duke of Orleans to which purpose she had desired to speak with him and that seeing he was full of Jealousies without cause she offer'd to send the Guard de Seaux to confer with him how they were to proceed in the disimprisoning of the Princes that if he would not treat with the Guard de Seaux she did not refuse to admit of those that were the Princes Friends into the conference that for what concerned the Cardinal he was gone without any hopes of returning and that she did not know truly whither he meant to go he himself not being resolved upon it for he could not return to Rome till there were a good understanding between him and the present Pope The Cardinal having afterward written to the Queen that he thought it fit his Nephew and his Nieces should go out of Paris and this being granted his Nephew went out incognue with the Abbate of Palaw on the seventh day as did also his three Nieces the next Evening by the means of Abbate Vndedey who taking them out of the Palace and concealing them that night in a friends house of his they went afterwards out of the City in a Coach with two Horses as Citizens and that being come to St. Denis where they were waited for they got into a Coach with six Horses and being well attended went towards Peroun whether by appointment the Marishal of Oquincourt's Lady was gone the day before who staid half way to meet them and to bring them into that place whereof the Marishal her Husband was Governour who had renounced Beaufort's friendship and imbraced the Cardinals proving himself therein truly grateful The Parliament being met the next day they were acquainted with the Queens answer Orleans accepted of the Conference with the Guard de Seaux and told the Assembly That he would assuredly treat that day touching the Princes liberty and that they should not be two hours together before all necessary orders and expedition should be taken in it as also touching the Declaration of their Innocence and that other against all Forreigners so as the Parliament resolved to trust the Duke with what concern'd the Princes liberty And the Queen having told the King's people that the Cardinal was gone without any hopes of returning the decree was unanimously made against him with order that it should be Printed and sent to all the other Parliaments of the Kingdom and that the Chambers should keep together till the arrival of the Princes The Decree was that within fifteen days he and all his Kindred and Forrain Domesticks should be gone out of the Kingdom and out of all other parts within the King's obedience which time being expired the disobedient should be extraordinarily proceeded against and that it should be lawful for all men to fall upon them and inhibiting all men to receive them This decree was approved by almost all the other Parliaments of France who decreed the same All this while the Baracadoes were kept up and stricter guard than ever was kept about the Court and every night Duke Beaufort went on one side Count Tavanes on another and Monsieur de Chambois on the third with Troops of armed men to clear the Streets in so much as on the ninth of February the Inhabitants of Rue St. Honore hearing the noise of Horses passing to and fro came out and finding some Sentinels advanced to the Croix de Tiroire they thought according as it was cunningly given out that there was a design to convey the King out of Paris and the Duke of Orleans hearing it sent Souches the Captain of his guard presently to Court where he found the Queen in Bed and the King asleep which appeased the tumult whereupon the first President said the next day in Parliament That it was an unsufferable thing that they should proceed with such licentiousness against their Majesties to whom they ought to bear respect and Reverence But the news of the King 's being gone being dispers'd throughout all the City many did believe it and ran in such multitudes to the Palace-Royal as the King was forc't to shew himself twice or thrice at the window whereupon the people cryed Long live the King and a fig for Mazarine After Dinner the Queen sent the guard de Seaux and Marishal Villeroy again to desire Orleans to come to Court who the Queen having given him all satisfaction by sending her Letters to deliver the Princes out of Prison said he would come the next day and that his wife should first go visit their Majesties And that Evening the Queen sent for the Provost de Merchants and the Sheriffs and told them how unfortunate she was that it should be thought she would carry the King out of Paris to free them from the fear whereof she was content that Guards of good Citizens should be set at the City gates but notwithstanding all this strange outrages were committed against the Duke of Espernoun Count Harcourt and many others of the Court party by the common people The next morning Monsieur Vrliere went to Haure de Grace with Letters and expeditions for the delivery of the Princes without any whatsoever
which did aggravate him and Broussels self said that for all his diligent search he had found nothing whereof to accuse him but Counsellor Longueville a man of a great reach and very turbulent said in the Assembly that they were to make process against a man for particular affairs but that other proceedings were to be had in management of the State and that mere shadows were to be made use of and that it made for the publick good to give sentence as Caiphas did inferring thereby that to cloke their private intentions who were it right or wrong would rid their hands of him they must make him cause of all the blame palliating thâ— injustice with zeal to the common good The Prince all this while forbare not to bind himself faster to Orleans Beaufort the Frondeurs and Parliament telling them that his ruine was not aimed at by the Court without drawing theirs after it that he had always served the King faithfully and that those who sought to distroy him made use of the fruits of his Victories He afterwards forbad his Troops to joyn with those of the King alledging the Authority and consent of the Duke of Orleans who being Lieutenant General of the Kingdom during the King's Minority might command this as he pretended but whilst these affairs depended thus his friends thought he did much amiss in not putting on a ready resolution to fall by degrees from the King's Army and go to Charite a great Town upon the Loire half way between Paris and Lyons where when he should be arrived the Queen would never have left Paris and brought the King to wage War with him but were it either for want of ready resolution or that he would not be the first who should begin a breach which the Prince his Father left him for an unalterable Maxim or as it is more likely that he thought to send one of high esteem to command those Troops he unfortunately let this opportunity slip The Court beginning afterwards to take courage fell at unawares upon these Forces which they did not defeat because they were not all got together but they forced them to retreat in great disorder towards Steney upon the Mose and to go out of the Kingdom with great loss of those that ran away suspecting then some danger to his own person he began to be very circumspectful of his ways in Paris and quite forbore the Court and as it was apparent that his actions did not answer to what the Queen might expect from him nor to the good intentions he promised her Majesty when she granted him the Government of Guienne but did rather daily covet more Offices and Governments of Towns for his friends and those that did depend upon him that he took a course contrary to what was expected from his gratitude the Queen to counterpoise his power was forced to listen to what was propounded by the Frondeurs which was that they would serve her with all their faction in case she were not satisfied with him so as though the Privy Council were unwilling to come to an open breach with Conde thinking it better to keep him fastned to the Royal Family and because till then he had always refused to mingle with the Frondeurs with whom he was displeased for their having failed him in many things and sought to make use of him rather for their own concernments than for his sake at last the Court being forced by the Prince his too scornful comportments and by his too high pretentions Monsieur de Lyon with whom the Coadjutor was desirous to speak was permitted to see the Coadjutor in Count Montresor's house as he did once or twice the which being observed by one that dwelt over against Montresor's house he by means of Count Chavigny acquainted the Prince therewith who was afterward better advertised thereof by the Duke of Orleans to whom the Coadjutor had intrusted the business the Prince began to suspect that he was once more intrapped so as to this terror infused into him by Chavigny another accident being added of certain Soldiers who were upon the Guard in the Fauburg of St. Germains to bring in some Wine which were di contrabando without paying the impost he thought verily that those were the Regiments of Guard which were to enter his house as he was falsly informed by his Domesticks Vieville and Recuses Wherefore getting on Horseback by night on the sixth of Iuly he went out on the back side of L' Hostelle de Orleans where his fear making him mistake certain Horses that were loaden with Victuals for Troops of Horse which might wait for him he went with the Prince of County to his house at St. Maure to shun what he had suspected and thither came the Dukes of Nemeurs Rochefaucolt Richelieu and Bullion Marishal de la Motte and other of his friends with as much wonder to the Court as it was till then far from any such thought At his going out of Paris the Prince sent Veneville to acquaint the Dutchess of Longueville that she should also retire to St. Maure least she might be staid in the City and so all his designs discovered who though she were sick of a Feaver followed him Her malady increased and lasted above three weeks which was the cause why the Princes her Brothers could not hold their Counsels as they had wont to do in her house for fear of disturbing her who was troubled with increase of Paroxismes when her malady decreased which was six weeks before the declaring of War she resolved to go from her Brother before it was resolved what he should do for being upon treaty of either agreeing or totally falling off from the Court she would not have a hand in any thing which come what would come she disliked she considered that though peace seemed good it was not certain and if War should be thought necessary her Family would be thereby much indangered She therefore desired the Prince to let her depart and that since the Princess his Wife would be better in Montrond than in St. Maure where she might be an incombrance upon any occasion that should happen he would give her leave to wait upon her the rather for that such a retirement would make the Court jealous it not being ill to keep it in fear of War till it should indeavour to hinder it Conde consented thereunto and the Princesses went away not having any hand in what was afterwards resolved It appeared better at first that the Dutchess of Longueville should go to Normandy to her Husband than to Montronde least by following her Brother who was for War and abandoning her Husband who loved peace it might be believed that she was of a troublesome spirit but two reasons moved her to the contrary The first because the Duke of Longueville having after his liberty desired to have nothing to do with what concern'd his Brother in Law but to wind himself out of the party if the Dutchess
and he was so confident of his valour and so doubtful to meet with hardship if he should oppose him as he offer'd to give him Stenay and to that purpose gave order to Monsieur Chammegli who commanded there to receive his Troops and totally to obey him in which hopes the Prince continued for above four moneths not sending any other to command there which was the chief occasion of the dissipation of those Troops But Turenne did generously refuse all his offers and those that came to him as well from Flanders as Spain joyning on the contrary with the King his Master as shall be said Whilst the Prince staid in Burdeaux he gave out Monies and Commissions to as many as would serve him and thinking it fitting to secure himself of the upper Guienne and of Perigneaux he made a journey accompanied by few more than Prince Marsilliack Son to Duke Rochefaucolt But to return to what the Coadjutor did when he knew that the Princess Palatine indeavoured to reconcile the Prince to the Court he to disturb it sent one to the Cardinal to offer him his service and to go out of the Kingdom upon any Embassy or imployment to avoid all jealousies and promised him that he would make the King go to Rheimes and would reconcile him with the Duke of Orleans and that resuming his posture with satisfaction to his Royal Highness he should return to Germany to end the treaty of the general peace which was commenced by the said Cardinal as shall be said Moreover Marquess Noirmonstore who was firm to the Coadjutors concernment not only out of friendship but because he was allied to the Dutchess Chevereux and that he hoped to be made Duke and Peer and to get some Government offer'd a confident of the Cardinals to deposite into his hands the Brief for nomination of a Cardinal and Warrant for a Duke and Peer of France till such time as they should bring him back to the administration of Government and that then and not till then they would receive the said Brief and Warrant But the Princess Palatine having brought Bertet who was the man that came too and fro from the Cardinal to the Coadjutor who was willing to go himself to Brules was obliged by strong arguments to perswade the Cardinal that the Coadjutor was generously minded that it behoved him to prevent him by being beneficial to him and that his thoughts being generous and full of gratitude he would use more hearty indeavours upon these motives than any other This being a proposal of reciprocal advantage it was to be believed that it was sincerely meant He therefore accepted the offer and gave the business in charge to Abbate Vndedei who at last brought the Queen against her will to give way to the naming of the Coadjutor to be Cardinal at the next Election The Coadjutor seemed to be very well content and acknowledged himself highly obliged but not being able to use deceit without too much ingratitude he went very warily about to take it out of his hands for considering that his name was not acceptable to the Pope it might so fall out that it would not so satisfie him who was the promoter of this favour and so that he might refuse it at least make it more difficult as had befaln Abbate Riviere The Cardinal to oblige him the more refer'd the said nomination to the Queen who out of the same respects having assigned it over to the Duke of Orleans the Coadjutor began to study how he might obtain his ends and delude the Cardinal in what he had promised him wherefore finding that treaties with Conde grew desperate and his desire being to see both Conde and the Cardinal ruined so as he might have the absolute Government of affairs he withdrew himself dextrously from what he had promised upon frivolous excuses and sought by monies and the means of his Kinsman Cavaliere Gondi who was a chief Officer of the great Dukes to make sure the Court of Rome whither he sent his confident Abbate Charie with much expence and presents whereof he was not sparing to sollicite his so much desired promotion and to get it effected before more novelties should arise in France which might revoke the said nomination fearing least the Cardinal might do as he had done by Abbate Riviere whom he had undone by delays This touched the Cardinal to the quick for he was acquainted with the Coadjutors designs so as fitter medicines being applyed to a known mallady he knew so well how to apply such Antidotes as at last as shall be seen in the progress of this History he salved all wounds miraculously and triumphed more than ever over his Enemies and over persecution and envy But as report doth usually aggrandize things which not being visible men do with curiosity desire to know the Princes his provisions being given out at Paris to be greater than they were the rumor grew so great as people grew to be severally minded some thought that the Prince made War merely out of ambition to aggrandize himself others that he intended to raise himself to what was equal to his prepotency and experience in managing Arms and the Court was not only full of these conceptions but even many good Citizens of Paris who being stir'd up as well by fear of a civil war as hoodwinck'd by ignorance of the Arcana fancied that the Cardinal being out of the Kingdom it was not known what the Prince did drive at for the first overture of breach was grounded upon his desire of having the Cardinal banish'd which when it should be obtained the cause being removed the effect would cease by these whisperings the Prince fell somewhat from that general affection which he had gotten amongst the Parisians after his being set at liberty others thought that he prepared for defensive War rather out of fear of the Court than out of any other design But the Court nourishing the opinion that they were the effects of insatiable ambition that they might have a lawful pretence to apply powerful remedies to the evils that threatned the State gave out that upon the present occurrances it was requisite that the King should go in person to Berry to withstand the first commotions but two more important and concealed reasons moved thereunto The first to secure it self by going out of Paris from the people and Frondeurs who so insolently had block'd them up in the Palace which they might do again upon any new rumour that might arise The second out of a desire that the Cardinal might return which could not be done if the Court should tarry in Paris by reason of the Predominion of the Frondeurs and seditious Male-contents Chasteauneuf adhered to the first reason as well to shew himself willing to please their Majesties as out of a belief that if the Court should be further off the Cardinal would find more difficulty to return being to make a long and dangerous journey of which opinion were
had appointed the Rendevouz of the Forces which he had raised in Champagnia and Picardy to be about Laon to joyn with the Cardinal and those that he had raised to come with him into France so as the appointment being made to meet about Dormans and Esperney upon the Marne on the beginning of Ianuary the Marishal went from Peroune on the 18 th of December and accompanied by many other Nobles he past through Han and Fera and coming to Nisis he found there 2000 what Foot what Horse and divers other Regiments wherewith he marched the next day towards the River Aisue passing over the Bridge Arcy and la Merne and staid at Troisy expecting the Cardinal who having left his alliances at Sedam marched towards Esperney whither he came the second of Ianuary with about 5000 choice men and he was met there by several other Forces and three pieces of Canon Oquincourt met the Cardinal at Esperney where it was concluded that Oquincourt should advance with 1000 Horse and possess himself of the passes of the Rivers Aube and Senna which he did then passing over the Aube without any obstacle near Auglure and la Senna at Mery he met with the Foot and Horse Regiments of Monsieur St. Moore Where hearing that the Duke of Orleans had sent out four Companies of the Langnedock Brigade to Pont sur Iona Oquincourt advanced with 1000 Horse indeavouring to get to that Town before the Enemy should be aware of his march On the 9 th of Ianuary he was upon Albā where being informed that two of the Counsellors of the Parliament of Paris Bytant and Cowdrey Genies were come thither to break the Bridge and to raise the Country against the Cardinal he made a party of his men ford over the River to discry some Horse with whom they skirmished and slew some of them and took Bitant Prisoner but Coudrey escaped to Sens. The Marishal being come to the head of the Bridge which the Towns-men broke down he acquainted them with the Kings orders and speaking with Monsieur Morandiere who commanded Orleans his Forces and had orders to resist him he caused some of his Horse-men to light who fell so couragiously upon the Bridge as Morandiere articled to return to his Master leaving the pass free to the Cardinal it was thought that he had secret orders from the Princes not to hinder him though he could for finding their business grow desperate since the whole Kingdom inclined to the King they knew nothing could keep them from ruine but some new pretence whereby to justifie their cause and keep the Subjects from assisting their Sovereign and that therefore they did not all they were able to oppose their march But because Marishal Turenne having honourably disingaged himself of the Spaniards service and had refused all the offers made by Conde and was reconciled to the King Conde gave the command of his Forces in Flanders to the Duke of Nemeurs who in the beginning of the year 1652 went privately from Burdeaux giving it out that he went by Sea into Flanders but came first to Paris by bie-ways where the Duke of Orleans seemed to be very well pleased as having need of opportune succour and he was received with extraordinary applause by the Parisians and because the Coadjutor thought to make the Duke of Orleans foment a third party of French Male-contents and Enemies to the Cardinal he used all his industry to effect it to the end that making the Queen affraid that the Duke might adhere more narrowly to Conde he thought she might be necessitated to keep the Cardinal away for ever in which case the Duke by joyning with the Court interest and strengthning himself by the Lorrain Forces he should also undo Conde for ever But Count Chavigny with other of the Prince his friends held the Duke of Orleans stedfast they made him see that he could not subsist but by joyning with the Prince Nemeurs stipulated the agreement in the Prince his name with the Duke the contents whereof were the keeping the Cardinal away and a general peace The news being known in Paris and the orders given by the King contrary to his former Declarations it is not to be said how incensed those were who were of a contrary spirit but all they could do was to make a noise in Paris for the Kings power prevailed in the Kingdom And though the Cardinal was withstood in one place he was fomented in another The Parliament of Britanny being desired by that of Paris to make the like decree with them in favour of the Princes against the Cardinal did order on the contrary that proceedings against him should be suspended till the Prince should perform his duty and till the Spanish Forces should be gone out of the Kingdom but though the rancor of the Parliament of Paris and of the Frondeurs could not be greater than it was yet could not the Parisians be brought to disburss monies for the raising of men and to provide against the threatning occurrances but were always readier to lay on their mouths than to lay out their monies the noise continued still in the Palace The first week of Ianuary the Parliament ordered the Cardinals moveables to be sold and not to make good the Kings Declarations against the Prince till that against the Cardinal were effected Wherefore the Cardinal must be gone out of the Kingdom again ere the Parliament would pass the said verification to which purpose they made many resolves which were great in appearance but weak in substance and some Deputations were sent unto the King The Court spoke ambiguously and spun out business at length hoping the time would alay the bitterness of turbulent spirits The Queen sent Monsieur Rovigny to exhort the Duke of Orleans earnestly to remove from Paris so to take away the apprehensions which were had of him but it did no good The Parliament added to their instructions given to their Deputies which they sent unto the King that they should press Bitaut's Releasement and that Marishal Milleray should not be made a Duke till he had given satisfaction to the Parliament of Rheims in Britanny and moreover that no Duke Marishal of France or other Officer should execute their function afterwards till the Cardinal were withdrawn from the Kingdom which was thought was done to take away the great credit which he had in disposing of the Offices of the Crown and making those his friends whom he had preferred thereunto But the Nobility made small account of this the more incens'd the Parliament grew against the Court the less did they value any of its decrees since they might be anull'd by the King's Authority And therefore those who sounded affairs to the bottome found it was best to keep the paths of obedience and not walk in the crooked ways of precipice therefore the Princess Palatine who at first was Conde's friend grew a great confident to the Queen and Cardinal The Queen sent for her to
Kingdom That Marcouse and Vaubecourt should be given for Hostages on the Kings behalf and Count Linville and the General of the Artillery on the Dukes with promise that no Hostility should be committed in his march the treaty was thus stipulated by Turenne much to his glory which being concluded in the face of both Armies the Lorrainers began presently to march towards Bria Whilst things went thus in these parts the Parliament who now that Lorrain was come thought they had hit the nail on the head raising their pretensions still higher sent President Nesmond again to the Court to insist upon sending the Cardinal away the Commissioners being come to Melune made the Parliaments desire known adding that it was a small business for a King to deprive himself of a Servant whereby he was to regain the obedience of so many who had withdrawn themselves from it only out of that respect The King returned his answer in writing That having often heard the Remonstrances made by his Parliament wherein they still asserted their intentions to maintain regal Authority and that they would always contribute their chiefest power to the advantage of his service and that finding the wound did now begin to Gangrene without speedy remedy he desired that their Commissioners might meet with his Privy Council to the end that they might joyntly find some remedy for the threatning mischief and to keep his people from the apparent ruine whereinto they were ready to fall through the capricious unquietness and ambition of some sew and that his Majesty indeavoured nothing more than how to restore his Kingdom to its former splendor When Nesmond had read this answer he reply'd That the only way to satisfie all was to send away the Cardinal The King thus interrupted him and with a serious aspect said You have heard my pleasure no more words The Commissioners returned to Paris where they gave an exact account to their Companions of what had past Many were for accepting the propounded Conferences but Brussels with an appearing zeal to the common welfare was firm that there needed no other Conference or negotiation since all was reduced to one sole head which was the sending away the Cardinal who being the sole occasion of all resentments they must stand upon it for this being had all controversies would be ended And the more averse he found the King to part with him the more he prest it not for that he cared much for it but that knowing how difficult a business it would be he might nourish the diffidences and maintain discord For it was apparent that if the Parliament had believed that the King would have parted with the Cardinal and with that re-unite the Princes to his service he would never have pretended thereunto but would have underhand indeavoured his tarrying for it did not make for him that the Kings Authority should be the more fortified by the joyning of the Princes with his Majesty and that consequently the pretences of the Parliament should languish Brussels opinion being adhered unto it was decreed that the Commissioners without any delay should return again to the King and tell his Majesty that they had nothing to add nor to propose but the effectual dismissing of the Cardinal in conformity to the decrees and Declarations made by his Majesty and to the protestation made by the Princes who were ready to lay down Arms as soon as the Cardinal should be gon out of the Kingdom Letters written from the Queen of Sweeden to the Parliament were given to the Commissioners to be delivered to the King the content whereof was her offering her self to interpose as a friend and confederate to the Crown of France in agreeing all parties The Commissioners came to Melune the 12 th of Iune and had Audience two days after they represented the desolation of the State by the Cardinals return which they said was the only cause of all the disturbances of the Kingdom The business was referred to the Council of State and the answers examined the Cardinal renued his many former desires that he might be dismist saying it was not fit that the peace of the Kingdom should be confounded merely for him This the King denyed saying that he was master and was to be served by whom he pleased and that none but God could prescribe laws to him The next Sunday the Commissioners had Audience again wherein the King gave them a writing saying that thereby they should know his pleasure Monsieur Vrilliere read it and gave it to President Nesmond wherewith he went to Paris the contents of the Letter were these That the King did very much wonder seeing there were so many wise and well advised Subjects in the Parliament that they should not know the desire of dismissing the Cardinal was but a specious and nice pretence since the true cause of all the troubles appeared to be the interest and ambition of those who had took up Arms and waged War when the Cardinal was in Germany dismist from the Court and Government which made it clearly appear that the maladies of a State are not cured whilst pretences are stood upon the roots whereof produce as many mischiefs as by those pretences are desired to be cut off so there was no remedy that would do good but to pluck up the chiefest and deepest evil by the Root That if his Majesty should permit the Cardinal to withdraw himself into some forreign imployment with due respect to his honour how should he be secured that the Male-contents would be quieted since his departure in the beginning of the last year had rather augmented than moderated the troubles so as it was not to be hoped it should fall out otherwise when he should be gone again unless the cause which produced the effect were presently taken away That his Majesty did desire speedy and permanent quiet to his Subjects that they might not fall into the former inconveniences the rather for that he knew well that at the same time when the Princes declared they were ready to lay down Arms if the Cardinal were sent away they provided for the contrary by strengthning their party with Forreigners and by seducing other of his Majesties Subjects from their obedience that what the Duke of Orleans had said some days before to the Commonalty of Paris touching his having no power over the Duke of Lorrains men which he had boasted to have brought was not like to that which he had affirmed in Parliament that the treaty made with the Spaniards by the Prince of Conde mentioned not laying down of Arms if the Cardinal were sent away nor indeed could it be spoken of since he was in Germany when it was made That therefore the Princes were to give real and positive security for performing what they promised wherefore he desired to know whether they renounced all leagues and associations made with Forreigners and all particular treaties had and made with his Majesties Subjects against his Royal service
of the nature and interests of all Nations we must not wonder that he was able to take all advantages and to give a suddain cure to that disease which but for his care and fore-sight had gangrened and grown to an incurable disease But whilest the Court of Spain was thinking of Expedients whereby to nourish the French Troubles and the Cardinal in France was casting in his mind how to restore the declined greatness of that Potent Kingdome the Generals of the Forces were vigilant to make such progresses as they esteemed to be for the advantage of their Princes The Count Marsin General of the Prince of Conde's Forces in Guienne desirous to enlarge his Souldiers Quarters by taking of some Neighbouring places easie to be gotten sent Colonel Baltasar with a Recruit of 〈◊〉 Irish to take Grenade upon the Garonne in the County of Gaure thereby to facilitate his Entry into the Countries of Armagnac and Aâ—ches Monsieur de Baz Mareschal de Camp endeavoured to possess a Pass upon the River of Lâ—don whereby he hoped to oblige Monsieur d' Aâ—â—eterrâ— to abandon that Countrey and to gain a notable advantage unto himself and his Souldiers by getting thither but Aâ—beterre being advertised of it with 300 Horse and 50 Musquetiers marching speedily unto the place chaâ—ged â—uriously â—00 Horse and so many Foot who were already passed that puâ—ting 〈◊〉 to flight part were drowned in the River and others killed and taken prisoners the Horse saved themselves in great disorders at Tartas one of the best places which the Princes had thereabouts being followed by the King's men to the Town Gates where they took prisoner Monsieur de Fagâ—â— first Captain of Baltasar's Regiment and Monsieur Doroâ—â—in was mortally wounded This happy Encounter made the Inhabitants of Sarlat taâ—e heart who being greatly discontented at the injuries they suffered from the Souldiers of the Regiment of Anguien commanded by Monsieur Saâ—â—gnac Governour of the Place sent to the Marquiss de Sambeuf That iâ—â—afe he would 〈◊〉 thither with his Troops they would give him Entrance at a Channel which râ—â—s under the Wall But that design not taking the same Toâ—nâ—â—men Treated with certain Officers of the Garrison who were discontented with Marsin and having concluded with them they gave notice thereof unto the Duke of Candale who immediately sent Count Marin thither with 400 men The Inhabitants took Arms and by the Assistance of the said Officers happily brought in the King's Souldiers the 23. of March an hour before day where being met by Monsieur Boriel an Advocate and Consul of the City they went joyntly to assault the Bishop's Palace where Sâ—vagnac was quartered who hearing the noise leaping out of bed endeavoured to save himself in his shirt by flight but pursued by the Citizens was taken prisoner the Guard at the place of Arms made some small resistance but Monsieur de Boisâ—â—le Lieutenant of Aâ—gâ—ien and three Captains wiâ—h other Officers being killed Monsieur de Chaâ—â—elloy Maistre de Câ—â—â— and Monsieur de â—a Roche Major General and all the other Officers who had barâ—â—cadoed themselves up in the house yielded freely and took Imployment under the King This good fortune was followed by the taking of several other Towns and walled places where the Prince's men were quartered so as the King's Forces always advancing towards Bourdeaux and the City being thereby straitned the samâ— was no small cause of fear and apprehension unto judicious persons who considered of it They thought what end this thing would have and saw a speedy and seanoble succour was necessary or otherwise the King's Party growing daily stronger in that Province would be afterwards much more difficult to hinder him from making farther progress there The Bourdelois could not then receive aid but from Spain or England Monsieur de Choppes and the Count Marsin's Secretary were therefore sent away to Saint Sebastians and from thence to the Court of Spain to solicite the effect of the promises had been made unto them for keeping up that Party which being now forsaken by the other Cities and Provinces of France there remained only Bourdeaux ready to become a Prey either of those who defended it or of those who fought against it Monsieur d' Agolin had not been wanting to sollicite continually in Spain the sending of more Money and of the Fleet and at last protested in the Prince of Conde his Patrons Name that in case no Money were advanced before the end of February he would be gone there had been already sent to Bourdeaux 10000 Crowns but the Catholick Court being informed by the coming of Choppes who was also followed by a Deputy of the Council d'Olmiere of the danger Guienne ran by the endeavours used by Mazarine for the reduction of it there were 30000 Doubloons forthwith dispatcht unto the Port of Passage in Biscay with order that they should forthwith put to Sea six great Vessels and four Fire-ships to enter into the Garonne and make opposition to the French The said Envoye's had also farther satisfaction by 15000 Crowns for the Prince of Conde and because there was an opinion that Monsieur Lenet did not observe the respect due to the Prince of Conty by reason of the great dearness between him and Marsin who did also fail in his duty towards the said Prince there were therefore some Instructions given by the Spaniards touching the manner of their Conduct that the Prince of Conde's Party might be kept up But the Count d'Ognon's agreement with the King of France gave a great trouble unto Don Lewis d' Aro and the other Grandees of the Council wanting thereby that foundation which they had built on the adherence of that Cavalier for supporting of the Troubles in Guienne where the King's Forces daily increased and those of the Prince's hourly lessened and this being one of the greatest inconveniences apprehended by the Court of Spain they failed not upon this occasion to send Orders and Instructions and to contribute supplies of Men and Money according to the extent of their abilities There was afterwards represented unto the Court by the Baron de Batteville the difficulty of bringing Ships into the Garonne unless they were reinforced by a more considerable strength Whereupon there were forthwith sent unto him 20000 Crowns with Orders to take Sea immediately with those six Vessels and to carry 500 Irish unto Bourdeaux but as things daily change face so was it necessary to vary also in their Counsels and Batteville could not effect the Spanish Orders without being provided of a greater Force which being wanting it followed consequently that the things resolved upon were spoken of but could not be put in execution The Marquiss of Lusignan was a while after sent from Bourdeaux to Madrid in shew to congratulate with their Majesties for the recovery of the Queen who had been sick of the small Pox and in great danger and of his Majesty who had been for some days sick of a Feaver
and advertise them when it was done returned the next day to Court The Parliament met and the aforesaid Decree was propounded but of 200 that were there there were but nine that voted against the Cardinal For the securing of Paris and the Suburbs they ordered such Guards as none durst carry forth any Arms or Baggage either by day or night That all Governours of Towns should suffer Victuals and other necessaries to be brought to Paris And that no Cities should receive any Garrisons or Souldiers These Orders were observed in Paris where the people were bound to obey but were laugh'd at by all every where else but the greater part of the Parliaments of the Kingdom adhered to that of Paris and had they sent out Letters greater novelties would certainly have ensued Before the King went out of Paris he writ a Letter to the Provost of Merchants and to the Consuls which was delivered them the next Morning after he was gone wherein he declared That he would not have gone out by night had he not been advertised that some of the Parliament holding intelligence with others of the Kingdoms Enemies would attempt something against him This Letter was accompanied by three others one from the Regent another from the Duke of Orleans and another from the Prince of Conde wherein they affirmed that it was they who had perswaded the King to go out of Paris knowing for certain what Plots were in hand prejudicial to his Majesties service The next day the King sent a Letter by Monsieur Sordiere Lieutenant of the Guards wherein he commanded the Parliament to remove to Montargis but notice being had hereof it was not received and they decreed That the King's Servants should return to their Majesties to desire them to nominate who they were that held intelligence with the Enemy that they might be proceeded against as guilty of High Treason Hereupon the Court sent to know whether they came resolved to render obedience and to remove the Parliament to Montargis but they answered They had no other order but to desire his Majesty to nominate those who held intelligence with the Enemies to the Crown So by the Prince of Condé's counsel they were dismist without further Audience For he contrary to the opinion of all the rest said they ought not to be heard for it made for him that there should be troubles to the end that he might make himself necessary and carry on his own Interests But he seemed to be moved hereunto thinking that the people would not be averse unto it whilst Forniere one of the Sheriffs of Paris coming with some other Deputies to have Audience of the Queen assured her that the People were ready to render obedience moreover that Monsieur Bignon had private orders from the Frondeurs that if he could not do otherwise he should yield and pass his word that they would withdraw for they feared that the People growing desperate at the King 's leaving of Paris might turn against them as the occasioners of this disorder But the Court by Condé's means would give no Audience which served for an occasion to the Frondeurs to make it appear that their Interests were defended by the Peoples publick cause and made them take up Arms and to oppose the King's Authority whereby the Parliament being encouraged they fell to make Decrees against the Cardinal which put all things into confusion and disorder This removing of the Parliament was the first thing wherewith the King made the Parisians affraid for next to the Court this Parliament is of most advantage to the City by reason of the many Presidents Councellors Advocates Notaries Proctors and Sutors The Chamber of Accounts was ordered to remove to Orleans and that of the great Council to Orleans The latter sent their Deputies to the King to acquaint him with their grievances which not being listned unto did exasperate mens mindes the more and brought many over to adhere to the Frondeurs who had been otherwise minded finding what prejudice they were likely to receive by this removal The Frondeurs making use of this for their own ends on the 8 th of Ianuary the Decree against the Cardinal being past in Parliament he was commanded thereby to be gone from Court and to go out of France within eight daies all men being forbidden to receive him and every one permitted to persecute him The execution of this was humbly desired from the Queen as shall be said and by the advice of Brousel and the other Frondeurs the Provost of Merchants who is like our Lord-Mayor and the Sheriffs were obliged to chuse Commissaries to raise men under the colour of conveying Victuals to Paris The Council of State made a severe Prohibition be presently published That none should sell either Beeves or Sheep or any other Victuals to any Parisian To begin the Siege St. Denis was presently seized on a Wall'd Town two Leagues distant from Paris where the King's Army was quartered which quarter was commanded by Marshal Plessis Pâ—â—â—â— under the Duke of Orleans who was the King's Lieutenant-General and the Troops under Condé were quartered at St. Clou a Town standing upon the River of Seine at the same distance from Paris as St. Denis commanded by Marshal Grammont The High-Dutch having sâ—ckâ— Bercy were quartered at Charenton these had express orders to deal moderately with the Parisians and not to do any thing but hinder the carrying in 〈◊〉 Victuals without any noise or scandal to keep so from irritating the People who have â—o other fault but in too easily believing a few seditious folk wâ—o are enemies to quiet Thus the passion of the Male-content predominating over the ignorance of the common People who feed upon the desire of Novelty all fair proceedings being interpreted the effects of fear the resolution of continuing War was established Paris may be called the Eye of the whole Body of France a compendium of the whole Kingdom a World in a little for it abounds in all things desirable either for conveniency or delight It is divided into three parts the one is called the City the other the Town and the third the Vniversity which are divided by the Seine which taking her original in Burgundy falls into the Sea at Havre de Grace In the beginning of the City it divides its self into two parts and then joyning again makes two Islands one whereof is that of Nostre Dame the other of the Palace These three parts are joyned together by ten Bridges of which those of Nostre Dame the Exchange and St. Michael are worth observing being all of them covered with Houses and Shops but above all the new Bridge which was begun to be built by Henry the 3 d and was finished by Henry the 4 th is most considerable both for scituation and structure This City is thought to contain above a Million of souls it wants not stately Ediâ—â—ces richly furnished it hath in it above 200 Churches richly adorned it brings unto the
Army and commanded them not to shoot whilst he was there which was accordingly obeyed as being a Respect always used to be paid to the King's person But his Majesty being gone and the Cardinal staying behind they began to shoot again and his Eminence was in great danger by a shot which killed one of his Servants that stood close by him The next day the besieged articled to deliver the place upon fair Quarter if they were not relieved before the 20th day and a general Pardon for all within the Town the principal of which were the Count Tavanes Monsieur de St. Mecaud the Count de Coligny and several others of the Princes friends The Cardinal having gained great honour by this Action caused his Majesty to return to Dijon and from thence upon the 2d day of May to Paris Two days after his Majesty's coming thither the old Princess of Condé who during the King's absence was come privately to Paris with designe to have raised some Commotion in favour of her Sons and Son-in-law was commanded to retire out of Town unto Argeville a house belonging to the President Perault and the Superintendance over the Admiralty was conferred upon the Duke Beaufort notwithstanding it had before been promised unto the Duke Mercoeur his elder Brother Meantime the Dutchess of Longueville having staid some days at Roterdam went to Mastrick where Don Gabriel de Toledo came in the Arch-Duke's name to complement her and to propose a Treaty with his Highness which the Dutchess refused to enter into until she had first spoken with Monsieur de Turenne who expected her in Stenay Don Gabriel being satisfied with this Answer resolved to wait upon her thither When she came within two days journey of the place Turenne came to meet her with all the Troops and Officers he had with him and brought her into the Town with the general applause of all Presently after her coming she and Turenne began a Treaty with the Arch-Duke and upon the 30th of April following they concluded an Agreement with him upon the terms hereafter mentioned That they should unitetheir Forces under the Protection of his Catholick Majesty and should employ them for the attaining of two things that is for the obtaining a just equal and sincere Peace between the two Crowns and for procuring the release of the Princes from their Imprisonment That they would not lay down Arms till both those ends were first obtained his Catholick Majesty promising that he would not consent unto a Peace with France but upon that condition unless the Princes were first released by other means And in case the Princes before any general Peace should be released they should notwithstanding be bound to employ their Forces to compel the French to such a Peace The King of Spain should pay 200000 Crowns unto the Dutchess and Turenne whereof 100000 should be paid fifteen days after the signing of the Articles and 100000 more within a month after all which moneys were to be employed in raising Forces for the Publick Cause Vnto the Dutchess and Turenne for maintenance of their Troops and for their own subsistance should be paid 40000 Crowns monthly from the subscription of the Articles and 60000 Crowns more yearly to be paid at three payments for their own expences There should also be added by the Catholick King 2000 Foot and 3000 Horse with all Ammunition necessary for the whole Army which were to be commanded by Turenne and march into France for the enforcing of those two things from the Cardinal The Dutchess and Marshal should put the Spaniard into possession of all strong Towns and places which they held except the Citadel of Stenay into which his Majesty might put what men he pleased to keep them in depositum till the delivery of the Princes and conclusion of the Peace at which time they were to be restored unto the Princes his Majesty being permitted to take away his Cannon and Ammunition out of them as in such Cases is usual The Places in France which should be taken upon the Frontiers should be also kept by the Spaniard till the Peace between the two Crowns but those within the Country should be kept by the Princes All the said Moneys excepting onely the 60000 Crowns designed for the particular Expences of the Dutchess and Turenne were to be paid according to the Orders of Turenne and of the Controler or Pagador general who was to be appointed in that Army by the King of Spain The 2000 Foot and 3000 Horse should be commanded by a Spaniard who was notwithstanding to receive Orders from Turenne The said 5000 men were to live in France and be paid by the Spaniard onely the Princes were obliged to finde them Ammunition-bread whilst they were in France unless they were in Quarters or sat down to besiege a Town within Eight leagues of Flanders in which Case the said Ammunition-bread was to be provided by his Majesty and a Confirmation of the Agreement was to be procured from Spain within three months from the Subscription of the Treaty The League between Longueville Turenne and the Spaniard being thus concluded the Duke of Bovillon who was then in Turenne and the Prince Marsilliac who was at his own house began to cast about and consider how they might be assistant to them and because of themselves wanting both Men and Money they could do nothing they resolved to engage Bourdeaux upon pretence of getting the Duke of Espernon to be removed from that Government as those people desired and had been at Court to have it done In this mean time Monsieur Todias one of the Prince of Condé's Gentlemen had been several times to confer sometimes with the Duke de Rochefaucault and sometimes with the Duke de St. Simon who was Governour of the most important Fort of Blaye scituate upon the mouth of the Garonne where it disgorges it self into the Sea and it was proposed that a Conference should be between those two Dukes and the Dukes of Bovillon and de la Force at which two Counsellours of Bourdeaux were also to intervene The designe was to have the Duke d' Aâ—guien onely Son to the Prince of Condé to be received into that City â—or which purpose Gourville went to the Princess his Mother who was then at Chantilly to propose it to her which she at first could not consent unto but gave two thousand Ducatoons which she had received unto Gourville and with that small sum of Money they gave beginning to so great a War Monsieur Todias went from Blaye to the Duke Rochefaucault to appoint the day and place for the meeting but two hours after his coming a Gentleman was sent from the Duke San Simon who in his name prayed to be excused if he did not proceed in that affair because having found that they intended to break with the Court and set up a party against it he was resolved not to engage therein it being contrary to the duty of a good
Friends put forth a Declaration wherein the Prince promised to second the Duke of Orleans in making the Coadjutor Cardinal All these acts were by Croisy and Camertine intimate friends to the Coadjutor carried to the Duke of Orleans who underwrit two copies without reading them nor knew he what the contents were more than what the Coadjutor was pleased to acquaint him with Without whose suggestion doubtlesly Orleans intended no ill to the Cardinal nor would the Princes friends have demanded more than the Prince his liberty which when it should have been had the Parliament would not have prest for keeping the Cardinal from Court These writings being afterwards carried to the Princess Palatine and to the Duke of Nemeurs to be subscribed by them they agreed that they should remain with Croisy who was to deliver them to the Duke of Orleans or to Conde when he should be at liberty Incouraged by these Treaties the Frondeurs began to solicit the Princes liberties which made the Cardinal aware ere long of Orleans his alienation from him not so much out of any coolness that he found in him as for the bad speeches which many of his Court used concerning him but he was not yet fully inform'd of the secret plots that were a weaving against him and it was strange that so many days being spent in these Treaties he got no perfect notice of them they were too far advanc't before he perceived them so as after having imploi'd many persons in Messages and Proposals he at last offer'd in the presence of both King and Queen to be reconciled but this was rather in appearance than real but though Orleans forbore not the Cardinals Conversation and Dined sometimes with him yet after he had underwritten the aforesaid Treaties he could not so well dissemble as not to discover his inward mind The Cardinal who was not to be parallel'd for wariness finding this and knowing that there could be nothing but the ill impressions suggested by the Frondeurs and of his other Enemies speaking thereof with the Queen in her Chamber on the Twenty sixth of Ianuary at night told her that her Majesty must warily observe the proceedings of Parliament where it might be there were Fairfaxes and Cromwells The Duke who minded nothing but how to execute the Coadjutors suggestions thought the pretence fit to give fire to the Mine so as the Parliament being met on the first of February to think of the fittest means how to get the Princes out of Prison being perswaded that the Court did not desire it and that the Kings promise was only to gain time the Coadjutor being now sure to be assisted by Orleans unmasked himself and spoke more freely than before he shewed how necessary it was to get the Princes liberty as soon as might be and that he had order from the Duke to assure them that this was his opinion which he would imploy all his power to effect The Counsellors wonder'd much to hear this for believing hitherto that the Duke stood well with the Queen they could not discern whence this alteration should proceed Beaufort ratified what the Coadjutor had said and declared that he was of the same mind nothing was resolved upon that day for the Members being astonished at the novelty adjourn'd till the next day and the Coadjutor going to acquaint Orleans how well the Parliament was pleased with what he had told them in his name made him the more inamored with their applause and established him more firmly in the Resolution which he had taken Monsieur Tillier going at that instant to know from the Duke whether what the Coadjutor had said in Parliament was by his Highness permission or no or done barely by the Coadjutors self answered somewhat angrily that what the Coadjutor had said was done by his desire and that he should always approve of what he should say or do The whole Court was much surprised with this answer and made them resolve to send to Treat with the Princes touching their liberty The next day the Duke of Orleans moved thereunto by the Coadjutor sent for the Lord Keeper for Marishal Villeroy and for the Secretary of State Tillier and bad them tell the Queen in his name That he would never come to Court nor sit in Council as long as the Cardinal was there and said further to Villeroy That as Lieutenant General of the State he assigned over the keeping of the King's person unto him which his head should be answerable for On Friday the third of February having with yet greater energie by order from Orleans repeated his opinion touching the Princes liberty told the Assembly how the Cardinal had told the Queen in presence of the King that there were Fairfaxes and Cromwells in the Parliament that it was to be feared that their intentions were to suppress Regal Authority according to the example of England That the Duke not able to tolerate so great a Calumny had assured the King that it was altogether false and that there was none but faithful servants to his Majesty either in the Parliament or City whereof he would become surety both in general and in particular and that the Duke had told the Cardinals self that he was a wicked man and worthy to be reprehended for instilling such ill opinions into a young King against his affectionate Subjects by whom his Majesty was generally loved their hatred extending only to the Cardinal whom they knew to be the only cause of the Kingdoms ruine And that upon this the Duke had sent the day before for the aforesaid Lords and had wisht them to tell the Queen that he would come no more to Court whilst the Cardinal was there At the names of Cromwell and Fairfax they were all highly scandalized insomuch as three propositions were made against the Cardinal the first that he should be made Prisoner the second and this was made by President Viola who was more incens'd against him than all the rest that he should be sent for to the Parliament to give an account of his Administration and for the words which he had said to the dishonour of the French Nation Here the first President interrupted him saying he was too hasty and after some contest between him and Coulin who spoke impertinently against the Cardinal the third proposal was made which was humbly to desire the Queen that he might be sent from Court the meanwhile the Coadjutor's friends having divulged throughout the City the aforesaid words spoken by the Cardinal of Cromwell and Fairfax the male-contents resented it and said they were injured for the French do not only love but even idolatrize their King so as in a moment the whole City which was quiet before grew mutinous the people running up and down the Streets yea even in the Palace it self crying out Let the King live and let Mazarine dye The Queen sent the next day to the Duke of Orleans to know whether he would be content or no that
Rome to incense the Pope against me Seven of the Duke of Lorrain ' s Regiments are come within four leagues of this place and lye upon the way that I am to go for Germany Marishal Turen sent some Horse out against me when I went from Retel and two days after he sent 100. Horse to sack a village but one league from hence who after having taken all things from me and evilly intreated the Master of the Place they dispersed abroad great store of Tickets wherein was contained that if Cardinal Mazarine should be received into any Towns in the Country of Leige those Towns should be plundered as you may see by one of the Tickets which I herewith send you I do very much wonder that one whom I have served so much and whom I have so tenderly loved and so highly esteemed should so much insult over me in my present condition I must believe my persecutors think me some body since they leave nothing undone to ruine me whilst they are so much troubled about me but I promise you if they saw how I bear all this it would lessen their delight in persecuting me for having always served the King well and faithfully as all men know I am at peace within my conscience not upbraiding me with any thing that I have done amiss And could my desire of the good and welfare of the State be greater than it is it should be so much the greater by how much greater my troubles are never was any man of my condition treated as I have been But thereby they afford me matter of consolation knowing that it is interest and not justice that prevails with them they have rob'd me of all as well of what I had got in serving the late King as of all the best and most curious things which I brought from Rome which as all men know I intended to bequeath to Paris as I had bequeathed my self to France Of all the favours I have received from his Majesty they have left me nothing but the Cardinals Cap which his Majesty procured me after twelve years service wherein he hath experienced my Loyalty and my zeal I was the means of taking many places which are now under the Dominion of this Crown and as the King hath said often whilst he was alive I contributed boldly to the glory won by his Armies in Italy particularly at Casal where without loss of one drop of blood they gave the Law I ended the negotiation of Pinarolle by my means the Princes of Savoy Mauritius and Thomaso did the second time forgo the Catholick King 's party whereby many Towns in Piemont were gotten from the Spaniards at which being highly distasted they did always afterwards oppose my promotion which I had deserved as well as any other for my service done to the Holy Church I was the cause that Sedam and many other Towns fell into the King of France his hand as is well kâ—own to all the World I conjure you to desire their Majesties from me that they will procure from Rome that the Cardinals Cardinals Cap may be taken from me and that it may be bestowed upon some more deserving person who may serve them better and I shall be very well pleased when after being berest of all I shall in my heart bear more affection to their service than ever I beg but one only favour of them which is that they will be just to me in the preservation of my honour which they ought not suffer to be question'd by my Enemies since it is apparent that the preservation and increase thereof hath been that which I have only aimed at during the course of my whole life If any persecutors have reason to punish me methinks they should do it by the usual course of Law and not by unpractised violence I hear of no accusers and yet they have begun with me by a sentence and have done by me as we hear in holy Scriptures that God had wont to do but with infallible wisdom punish whole Families for the sins of their Forefathers After they have punish'd me no fault appearing they have left nothing untried to make the meaner sort of people believe there lives not a worse man than I you know whether it was I that hindred the conclusion of the general peace and with what sincerity the Duke of Longueville hath always spoken therein though he was not then bound to defend me and how often after his return from Munster he hath said in Council that he could never find what it was the Spaniards would be at You know also that the Plenipotentiaries did not extend their power so far as they might to make peace and that in their Letters they alledged reasons which diverted them from doing otherwise amongst which one was that the result of making peace would be to manifest their own weakness without doing any good The Spanish agents being bent to spin on the business with France that they might draw on the conclusion of peace with Holland believing that being free from War on that side they might the more easily turn all their forces against France You may remember that when it was known the Holland Agents had power to make peace with Spain without France they used all possible diligence that it might be joyntly done and therefore resolved to sweeten all points that the Spaniards stuck upon You may also remember that it was then held fit to have extraordinary Councils which were held in L' Hostelle de Orleans and sometimes in my House by his Highness orders wherein the dispatches of Munster were read the points examined and answers resolved upon which being done they were again read over in Council to see whether there were any thing to be amended added or diminished every one striving to do or say something which might contribute to the perfecting of so good a work but all this diligence did nothing and Pignoranda made known what his orders were for when he had concluded with the Hollanders he was never at quiet till he was retired from Munster to avoid being prest by the Mediators to accommodation with this Crown I had not only been persidious but out of my wits if I had not done what in me lay to make peace for the Kingdom being thus quieted I should not only have shared of the good which this peace would have produced but should have purchased much glory and thanks Those who to render me odious to the people labour'd to make it seem that it was I who did impede peace know the contrary and there needs no more to make their malice notorious to the whole world than the knowledge of all the dispatches sent to Munster the particular Letters written to the Duke of Longueville Monsieur de Avaux and to Count Servient and what answers they received These bad minded Criticks were apt to backbite and to puzzle all that could be done in the Assembly and much more if peace had been
Barracado with such boldness not to call it rashness as the Kings men being astonished were it either fatality or that the presence of great Personages have out of some hidden cause great prerogative in difficult undertakings did abandon it and the Princes who did so gallantly take it would have kept it had not the Enemy continually fired upon them from both sides the Street that it was impossible for them to tarry there The Duke of Nemeurs received Thirteen Musquet shot on his Armor and two on his right hand Rochefaucolt was wounded between the eyes and Beaufort and Marsilliack being bound to help the wounded were forced to quit the place which when the Kings men saw they made hast to take those that were wounded Prisoners which they would suddenly and safely have done had not Conde with his wonted undauntedness come in on the head of some Gentlemen that followed him whereby he afforded them time and opportunity to retreat as they did with much wonder and applause Guitaut Bercenet Lullery and Martiniere were wounded all the rest witnessed what danger they had run by the shot which they received in their Armor and by having their Horses slain under them At the same time that they were fighting without the Parisians were at as much strife in words within the Walls some were for the going out of such Citizens as had Arms to help the assaulted and for opening the Gates that they might retreat others said that by suffering Conde to be lost who was the occasion of all their misfortune there would be an end of their misery and the City would be put into her former quiet condition but at last amongst all these differences wherein nothing was concluded in favour of the Princes Madamoselle came forth into the Streets accompanied by the Dutchesses of Rohan Monbason and Chastilion and by the young Countess of Fiesco and went to the Town-house where she told the Citizens that without any more dispute or loss of time the people were to take up Arms and to assist the Princes suffering the Baggage and Forces of their friends to come into the Town The pressures of this couragious and generous Princess were so perswasive as the sad and horrid spectacle of so many Lords of high condition who ever and anon came into the Town half dead wounded and besmeared with blood amongst which that of Rochefaucolt was most compassionate whose eyes were well nigh shot out as it was resolved the Gates should be opened and they should be received into the Town and every one with tears cryed out that the Prince must be relieved who put his life and the lives of many good French men into apparent and almost inevitable danger for the publick cause whereupon about 300 Inhabitants went out who by the Prince were put to Guard some stations and then Rohan causing some of the baggage to march by the Temple Gate and Beaufort bringing in the rest by that of St. Antoine the Prince was told that the Kings Army being divided into two parts went by the way of Soronne and Neully wherefore thinking that this might be with design to keep his men out between the Suburbs and the Gate he placed Count Hollack with his German Regiment at the entrance of the Street of Saronne to assist the retreat which was begun and sent word to Monsieur Lovieres who then commanded the Bastile instead of his Father Brussels to let the Canon play upon the Kings men which being forborn as a thing unbecoming a Subject Madamoselle came instantly thither and getting upon the Walls with more than a man-like spirit and as if she her self would share in the glory and danger commanding that in her presence the Guns might be fired against the Kings Forces it was done Then orders being given for the retreat the Horse and Foot marched speedily with the Canon the Burgundian Brigade keeping in the Reer commanded by Marquess Sasse whose Horse Regiment was then govern'd by Monsieur St. Mars When the Canon plaid first from the Battile it was thought they plaid upon the Princes Forces for the Kings friends in Paris had promised as much but being found to play upon the Kings men and that the Inhabitants falling of their promise the baggage was already got in and the Troops began to enter Paris those of the Kings party were astonished as were also the Kings General being somewhat blamed for their slovvness and negligence and for being defrauded of their hopes in the very nick of Victory so as they returned tovvards St. Denis not less sad for the loss of so many gallant Subjects vvhereof besides St. Magrine Marquess Nantalliet vvas one and Count Maipos and Mancini the Cardinals Nephevv vvere so mortally wounded as they soon after died and Count di Tre with divers others of quality was taken prisoners The King did very graciously visit Mancini often as he did also S. Magrins afflicted Widow The Princes Army not without wonder past through Paris it being unusual to see an Army with Baggage pass through those Streets These lodged in the Countrey about Tury without the Suburbs of S. Marseilles and in two days plundered all the Villages and Houses that were within three leagues and brought what they had so gotten to the Camp where the Soldiers sold all things as if it had been in a Fair. Madamoiselle would see them pass and caused moneys be given to the wounded Count Chavigny gave them store of Victuals not so much out of charity as policy And because it hath always been a custom in Military Actions to have some sign whereby to discern Friends from Enemies Madamoiselle put a straw upon her head wherein being followed by all that would not be accountred Mazarinians you might in a moment see not only all the Inhabitants but Foreigners of every Nation yea even the Fryers and Agents of stranger Princes do the same to shun the insolencies which were done by the common people to those that bore not this Badge Thus ended the memorable Action of S. Antoines Suburbs on the Second of Iuly wherein the quality was more considerable then the number of those that were slain The Prince of Conde not valuing his own life but running like Lightning sometimes to one place sometimes to another where the business was most bloody and his men in most danger performed the office of a private Soldier as well as of a Captain was oft-times upon the very edge of the Grave being miraculously perserved by Fortune his Horse vvas killed under him his Cloaths shot thorow in divers places his Feathers and his Hair burnt and yet was he miraculously kept unhurt Marquess Turenne behaved himself no less valiantly who by his presence gave great proof of his valor and experience every where And he was heard to say That he had met with above six Princes of Conde for wheresoever he turned himself he found the Prince in the Head of the Enemy with his Sword in hand All other
be done without a King whilst there was a King This was the best thing the Cardinal could do for this Maxime well observed fomented the Prince his ruine since not being able to free the Parisians from the ruine wherewith they were threatned without his withdrawing he would be undoubtedly undone for by staying there he would increase their miseries whereby he would draw on the peoples hatred and if he should go away he would loose the assistance of so rich and powerfull a City and would be forced to retire to his Towns upon the Maax forsake the Kingdom and cast himself into the Spaniards hands The Spaniards were much confused when they heard the Cardinal was gone from France for they foresaw that by his removal all pretences which did any ways cloak the Male-contents reasons ceased and wisely weighing how they might maintain but not advance the Princes party two ways were thought upon the one to advance with their whole Army and drive the King from about Paris and so keep the Citizens true to the Princes the other to feed the Princes and Parisians with hopes but without effects to the end that by appearance of their aid they might keep fast to their pretentions and redoubling their disobedience might at last be necessitated to declare against the King and becoming unworthy of pardon and afraid to be punished they might strive to continue their usurped Authority The first was gain-said by suspicion that the Court being reduced to straits should grant the pretentions of the Princes which were still hotly pursued by their well-wishers The other seemed not fit for the present conjunctures for when the Princes and Parliament should be void of all hope and promise made by the Spaniard they must be ruled by necessity and be contented with such terms as they could get They therefore chose a third way which was to cause their Troops to advance that they might thereby soment Conde's unquiet thoughts who making War in France as first Prince of the blood and one of the valiantest and best esteemed Commanders of the age was likely to disturb the whole Kingdom long Wherefore after having staid a while at Fimes and thereabouts and having changed Fuenseldaglia's Forces for those of the Duke of Lorrain who had again taken pay for his Army for two months from the Spaniard they marched towards the Seene it was thought better-to send the Lorrainer then Fuenseldaglia for that they had rather put Forreigners to hazard and sufferings than their own Soldiers as also because if Spaniards and Italians who differ so much both in habit and face from the French should come into France they would rather provoke the hatred and aversion than civilities of the French towards them who do naturally abhor Nations of another Climate This Army consisted of 3000 Horse the most part Germans under the Duke of Witemberg of Six Regiments of Horse paid by the Country of Leige and the parts adjacent in the name of the Princes commanded by the Chevalliere de Guise and Count Pas and of 6000 Lorrainers which in all made between Ten and Eleven thousand good fighting men and well in order This Army being come on the first of September almost without any obstacle to Sessene a little Town in Brie Fourteen leagues from Paris thought to approach the Seene and to come to Villeneuf St. George in the same place where some months before the Duke of Lorrain lay when he came to relieve Estampes but he was prevented by Turenne whose Army being much lessened by their continual labour intrenched his Army there and threw two Bridges upon Boats over the River to succor the other side and to provide forrage for the Horse Lorrain kept therefore higher up and falling down afterwards into the Plane incamped on the East side of the River the Army of the Princes going the next day from St. Victoire past over the Seene at the Pontneuf of Paris and over the Marne at Charinton and joyned with Lorrain the Princes Forces consisted of about 3500 what Horse what Foot the one commanded by Baron Cleinchamp which were the remainders which came from Flanders with Nemeurs the second was Orlean's own Forces Commanded by General Beaufort the third were Conde's men under Prince Taranto the General and the Lieutenant General Tavanes For Rochefaucolt was not yet cured of his wounds These three bodies of Armies and the other two of Lorrain Wirtemberg and Duke Charles having assigned over their Spanish Forces to Conde Lorrain declared he was no Enemy to France nor to the King thereof but that he was only obliged by the Spaniards to bring those men to Conde which being done he was free He went the same day being the Sixth of September to Paris where consulting with Orleans in Orleans his own Palace wherein he was lodged with Conde and the rest of the party they resolved to draw near the Kings Camp with all their Forces and either to fight them as occasion should serve or to incommodate them chiefly in their forrage in performance whereof they made divers quarters about Villeneuf St. George in safe places and well fortified from whence sending out great parties of Horse to plunder and get Victuals their past several skirmishes between them and Turens men with Reciprocal success but of little moment the Soldiers being thus incamped all about Paris was besieged by its own Friends the King was desired daily to come to Paris who answered he vvas vvilling to do so but that the Parisians must first get Orleans to cause Conde to return to his Government of Guienne and Beaufort to Annet a Castle of his Fathers and all Forreigners out of France The Cardinal of Rets Dutchess of Chevereux and Chasteauneuf who were all three Condes Enemies made use of these favourable conjunctures and were not wanting to stave Orleans off from joyning with Conde and to re-unite him to the Court for the reasons already alledged Notwithstanding all these troubles of the Court the siege of Montrond continued and Count Palau who commanded there in chief knowing how few the besieged were and what scarcity they had of Victuals resolved to open his Trenches and hasten the taking thereof but meeting with more opposition than he expected he fell to finish his line the circumvallation whereof being but small it might the more easily be kept Marquess Persau who commanded therein for the Prince to keep from being reduced to such necessity as he must surrender upon discretion articled on the 22 th of August that if he were not relieved by the 30 th of that moneth he would deliver up the Castle to the King and would match out on the first of September with Arms and Baggage That Hostility should cease on both sides and that daily Victuals should be given by the King's men to the Soldiers and Inhabitants they being paid for it that no Fortifications should be made on neither side and that if relief should come Persau and his men should be Newters
by no means enter into a Treaty unless Poland would raze out of their Writings and Commissions the Title of King of Sweden before used and would also reform their great Seal by leaving out the Three Crowns which are the Arms of Swâ—den The Polanders by perswasion of the Mediatours agreed to raze it out of their Commissions having first made a Protestation apart wherein they declared the same was not to prejudice their right But as to the Seal the same being the particular Arms of the King's Family not of the Kingdome this pretence was by the Arbitratours esteemed very slight and therefore Morosini together with the Deputies of Holland who arrived there about the end of Ianuary 1653. because the French were of the Swede's party endeavoured of themselves to perswade the Swedes that they would quit the same and fall upon the Treaty but they being positive to have the Commission changed with the omission of the Title and the reformation of the Seal the matter stuck so as no perswasion of the Mediators was able to advance it whereupon the Affair becoming desperate because the Polanders could not alter their Instructions without a new Diet impowering them to do it the business fell and in the Moneth of February the Meeting was dissolved without coming to any resolution The Sâ—edes shewed themselves little desirous of this accommodation bâ—bâ—cause they hoped seeing Poland engaged in a great War to find a time more favourable to their Interests that they might either make a Peace upon their own Terms or breaking it advantage themselves extraordinarily during the weakness of that Kingdom The French adhered unto their sence for which they were much blamed whereby 't was manifest it concerned them the Swedes should continue armed that in case the face of Affairs should alter and the French Arms should gain any advantage over the Spaniards the Emperour standing in doubt of the Swedes might not be able to assist them The Polanders therefore parted for their own Countrey and the like did all the other Plenipotentiaries and Mediators only the Hollanders staid some days after having received Orders to negotiate with the Hans-Towns and draw them to some Declaration in their favour against the English Mean while the Ministers of Spain were not negligent in their prosperity but prosecuting their good fortune sent Orders to their Fleet in Biscay to attaque Blage a most important place scituate at the mouth of the Gâ—ronne wherein was Governour as you before heard the Duke of San Simon a most faithful person to his Prince The Spaniards had fancied this Enterprize not to be difficult because the French Armada being taken and destroyed by the English they supposed it could not be in a condition speedily to relieve it and they believed the Forces of the Bourdelois joyned with those of the Princes in Guienne would be sufficient to block it up by Land Battevile therefore sollicited the execution of the King's Orders and with all diligence possible appeared with his Shipping in the Garonne but he found things in a far different condition from that which divers discontented French had represented to the Court of Spain so as 't was necessary for him without any attempt made to return and winter in the Port of Passage where he discovered the Artifices of some who to ingratiate themselves with his Catholick Majesty and obtain rewards from him represented things very different from truth magnifying small matters and lessening those of greater consequence Thereby it happened that discords and unkindnesses grew shortly after between Battevile Marsin and Lenet which were followed with Calumnies and Accusations exhibited by those French Commanders against Battevile himself that they might get him removed out of Guienne they blamed him that there were not in Bourg 1000 of the 1500 Irish paid by the Spaniard that his dispatches had been altered and accounts given of exorbitant expences and that having changed the Spanish money into French he had thereby gained 25 in the hundred Don Lewis who loved and protected Battevile ordered him to retire to St. Sebastians declaring That he was obliged not to give any disgust unto the Princes But in the Court of Spain it appeared not a thing blame-worthy although it had been true that this Lord continuing faithful to the King's Interest should be so cunning as to make his own particular advantage because it declared him to be a man of spirit which was a thing displeasing to the French and principally to Lenet who having used to domineer without controul in Bourdeaux could not endure to have any dependence upon the Ministers of Spain In execution of the abovesaid Orders Battevile having first imbarked upon two Vessels the most trusty of his Officers and divers of his best Souldiers in the Garrison at Bourg the ninth of December began his Voyage with no less bitterness than indignation against Marsin and Lenet who he pretended had wrongfully slandered him for no other cause but that they found him a faithful and useful Servant to the King from whose favour he had easily fallen had he not been supported by the same Don Lewis D'aro who protected him with that sincerity and justice which are the But of all his Actions To Don Ioseph Osorio was confirmed the Command of the Forces in Bourg and the manage of the Treasure was conferred upon the Governour of St. Sebastians Câ—ntelino at that time returned unto the Catholick Court and was sent back with a Present of Jewels to the Princess of Conde valued at 40000 Crowns and a Bracelet of Diamonds for himself But the Cardinal Mazarin who during all these Blustering storms had preserved the Royal Authority from the eminent danger of a Ship-wrack and shewed himself to all the world to be one of the most expert and daring Mariners that ever sailed upon the Sea of Politick Affairs as soon as he perceived the troublesome Commotions and storms which had so furiously agitated the whole Kingdom to be dispersed by his Majestie 's presence and access to Paris gave himself wholly to the study and practice of such fit Expedients as might not only calm the intestine Motions but also raise up the lost credit and reputation of the Royalty and he believed the way to make the â—ame more reverenced and observed was rather by Pardon than Chastisement it being a Maxime fixed in the Cardinal's mind That the generous spirits of the French Nation were sooner to be gained by courteous usage than by the violence of Arms which was the cause he set on foot Treaties with each one of the contumacious Persons holding that love unto the King ought to be the fifth Element and to preserve that concord between Subjects which is not interrupted but by the apprehensions of hatred or revenge He revived new Treaties and Propositions of Peace with the Prince of Conti the Parliament of Bourdeaux with the Counts of Harcourt and Ogran and with all the other Princes great Lords and men of Spirit who possessed
duty by submitting to his Majestie 's Authority These good Successes in Guienne were seconded by other Accidents which were of great advantage to the King's Party for the Newes came That on the 28th of February there had been a great Fight at Sea between the English and the Hollanders wherein each Party taking themselves to have the better and the loss of Ships being almost equal the Victory remained undecided And this Engagement of the English in a Warr against the Hollanders hidâ—red them from being able to embrace those resolutions against France which otherwise they might have done by assisting those of Bourdeaux to the great prejudice of the Crown of France which would have run great hazard being attacked on the one side by the powerful Forces of the King of Spain and on the other by Intestine Broyls if at the same time it had been also assaulted by the English But the good Fortune of France subordinate unto the Will of God which disposeth all things according to the order of his Providence preserved in that conjuncture this most Christian Kingdom from receiving prejudice by that Nation different in Religion and Customes which at that time met with the fairest opportunity that might be to have wrought her ends it being governed then by a violent party had she not undertaken Enterprises different from what was expected and being confounded within her self had not given leisure to the King's Authority to gather strength and to destroy the force of those who being disobedient themselves endeavoured by their Cabal to bring all the rest into confusion This was by the Warr with Holland of which I shall onely touch the principal Motives because I would not with long digressions break off the thred of that Narration I have prescribed unto my self After the Parliament of England had made it self Master of that whole Kingdom and overcome with its Victorious Arms the Realms of Scotland and of Ireland they cast about how to maintain themselves in Arms with Forrainers having no Enemy at home because in times of quiet Factions use to arise and Armies weaken which brings ruine to Commonwealths especially in the beginning of a new Government when their minds are wavering between the hopes of settlement and fears of falling It happened then that no just cause appearing for a breach with France they took a fair pretence for a Warr with the Hollander as being those who having gained a considerable reputation at Sea seemed to eclipse the lustre of the long feared and unresistible force of the English on that Element These Jealousies between them besides the natural Emulation usual amongst bordering States were heightned by the art and industry of the neighbouring Crowns who observing with a jealous Eye two Common-wealths by their sides grown powerful by Warr and Violence could not but suspect from them some of those inconveniencies which are usually offered by those who are strongly provided with Sea Forces The cause of difference was the Herring Fishing about the Orcades Islands on the North of Scotland and Members of Great Britain to which the Hollanders send yearly a vast number of Ships and draw from it an excessive Profit The English pretended That the Hollanders possession of this Fishing was an effect onely of the negligence of their Kings accompanied with so great a loss unto the Commonwealth by the Hollanders usurpation and therefore not to be longer suffered by a Nation that before Holland was so much as known enjoyed without contest the principal Dominion of the Ocean To this the States-General pleaded That their Right was sufficiently established by their long continued possession and Prescription This was the Motive upon which either party beginning first to raise Forces at Sea the one for recovery of this loss and the other for the preserving of it fell afterwards to an open breach with so great a prejudice to both parties whose principal subsistence and strength depended upon Trade that the same being hereby interrupted produced all the effects of a miserable and destructive Warr but principally to Holland which being straitned by the smallness of their Territory upon Land had no means of subsisting but by the Sea To these Reasons which were derived from profit and interest of State were added others touching the punctilio of Reputation The English pretending themselves to have been slighted by the Hollanders upon several occasions and principally in the killing of their Ambassadour at the Hague who was against the Law of Nations assassinated there by some English of the King's Party And the Hollanders who by their fresh and frequent Victories obtained against the Power of the King of Spain had already gained so great a Reputation that they were generally much esteemed and feared and had besides concluded so advantageous a Peace with his Catholick Majesty not daigning to give way unto the threats of England wherein the wounds of their Intestine Broyls were yet fresh bleeding took little care to satisfie the Parliament therein but sent to Sea a numerous Fleet and either Party falling to Acts of Hostility many Merchants Ships were lost on either side And their Fleets who were above 100 Sayl strong on either side meeting at last there passed the said Battle and many other Fights at Sea with loss on both sides but in such manner as each Party pretending to have the Victory it could not be well told which side had got it the loss consisting only in that of one or two Ships more or less than the Relations which were published and therefore each Party failed not to put to Sea afresh with an intention of fighting for it the Hollanders notwithstanding were very sensible of the loss of Van Trump their General a Person of great Valour and extraordinary Experience at Sea And we may well believe that as there is no comparison between the Greatness and Power of England and Holland which is far inferior to it in richess in extent of Land and Bodies of men so without doubt the English would have prevailed had they not been distracted by new intestine Broyls and Troubles The Court of France therefore considering how fit it was to make use of this favourable conjuncture of time to assure themselves of Guienne and Bourdeaux a City so disposed to risings resolved to make all fitting preparations for the reducing of them and therefore besides the Fleet sent into the Garonne as hath been said and the advance of Souldiers from all parts into the Province the Cardinal Mazarine continued the Treaties of Agreement with several Parties to see if he could give an end rather by Composition than Arms unto that War which being against Subjects renders the Victory weak and languishing whereof reserving the Account to the next Book I will resume the Relation of what was done during this time in Champagne where all persons being encouraged by the arrival of the Cardinal's Army and the Recruits sent from him after the taking of Barleduc and passing of the River Aisne
who arrived there in May but his true Errand was to sollicite for Supplies because the French being Masters of the Garonne did so fortifie themselves there that 't was very hard to drive them thence and in case that were not done it followed consequently that Bourdeaux in which the King's Party grew daily stronger must be lost Lusignan had good words given him there were 200000 Crowns consigned unto him and at his parting the Order for the Vessels to set sail from the Port of Passage were put into his hands but that was afterward suspended by reason of the impossibility of putting it in execution and in lieu of it Batteville was commanded that he should with all speed possible get into Bourdeaux by the Lake of Archazon to keep up the hearts of the people and give some hopes unto the Prince of Conty and the Principal Persons of the Party He was there to propose three things to them One Whether they thought fit the Spanish Fleet should advance into the Garonne and hazard a Battle The Second Whether they would have him lie in the Mouth of the River And the Third Whether they were willing he should sayl to Britanny or Normandy to divert the French by giving disturbance in those Places There were also sent 900 Irish more towards Guienne and the Archduke and Spanish Ministers in Flanders were written unto by the King that they should forthwith draw into the Field and pay 200000 Crowns more unto the Prince of Conde to re-inforce his Troops that he might march into France whereby the Cardinal being obliged to draw that way with all his Forces should not be able to continue the Enterprize of Guienne and that there might be during that time some fit means used for putting things into a good posture in that Province But neither could these Orders be performed because the Ship which carried 300000 Rials into Flanders falling into the English hands they took the Money although the King of Spain were then a friend to England and kept for some time as lawful prize it being in a Holland Bottom But these Misfortunes are not to be imputed unto the negligence of Ministers but to the accidents of time which often frustrates the success of prudent Counsels There were 30000 Doubloons more sent to the Fleet and Batteville was Commanded to try all ways of getting into the Garonne and opening the Passage into Bourdeaux and that he should make use of that Sum to corrupt some of the French Commanders which notwithstanding prevailed nothing they being all of them loyal and constant in their Duty to his Majesty The Count Fiesco and divers others went again also into Spain to represent the Necessities and solicite for Assistance unto Guienne though 't were conceived by some 't was rather to receive the Money and Rewards which by the Catholick King 's generosity were prodigally dispensed unto as many French as came to his Court which caused many to endeavour more the getting of his Money than his Service whereby he was abused And whosoever shall consider the Sums of Money distributed among the Male-contents of France will find them to have been sufficient to have conquered a whole Kingdom and notwithstanding were issued only upon expectations which either through treachery or ignorance were disappointed Mean while the Duke of Vendosme hastned the building of the Fort Ca sar upon the Garonne and of another in the Countrey about the place where the two Rivers meet beginning at the rising ground of the House of Aliâ—â—t and from thence making Forts to hinder the Communication of the Places held by the Princes with Bourdeaux and to take from them Lerâ—â—ns a place sâ—ituate at the Point where the Dordogne falls into the Garonne which was garrisoned by 500 Irish under the Command of Colonel Dillon To which purpose upon the 26th of May he shipped the Regiments Melleray and Normandy in Gallies and Brigantines and by the favour of the Tide the Cavalier Albret Mareschal de Camp and the men under his Command skirmished in passing by with the Gallies which lay under that Fort there imbarked then the Count Cominges Lieutenant-General the Brothers Count and Baron of Montesson and the Lord Garteret who treated with the said Colonel Dillon Governour of the place and perswaded him instead of defending himself to change his Party and to put himself and all his Souldiers into the King of France his Service this happened because the Irish Souldiers were extremely discontented as having been sold like slaves unto the Spaniard and therefore having no tie of Honour or other Obligation lying upon them This Example had been seconded by others of that Nation by reason of a scruple of Conscience they had to serve the Spaniard who were so much united with the English contrary to the Allegiance they owed their Prince if Marsin foreseeing it had not enforced the Officers of every Regiment to give Hostages into their hands The loss of Lermont was very grievous to the Bourdelois for the importance of the place whereby the Royallists took from them the benefit of the Rivers in the Command of which consisted their safety or their ruine Notwithstanding all these advantages the clemencie of his Majesty and of his Ministers made him continue still the Treaty of Peace with those who amongst that crowd of rebellious Spirits seemed best affected to it upon perswassion that the hope of Pardon would work more than the fear of punishment And therefore in the Month of May another General Pardon and Oblivion was published for all in Bourdeaux with Expressions That his Majesty was more inclined to use Mercy than Rigour Upon this there was a general Assembly made in the Publick Palace to consult whether it were better to accept thereof and give an end unto the Publick miseries or persist in their disobedience 'T was thought by men of the best Judgment that 't was much more expedient for Subjects to live in obedience under their own natural Prince than with the shadow of Liberty under a stranger The fear of the Olmiere kept every one in awe there were notwithstanding several things debated amongst some of that Council but the obstinacie of those Plebeyans could not be overcome with Politick considerations They seemed to be all of them charmed by the Spaniard they inclined to think they should be forthwith freed they perswaded themselves what they desired they believed nothing which thwarted their imaginations and being conceited they had that in their hands which by false colours was represented to them by the Princes they concluded no other Oblivion or Amnesty was to be accepted but that wherein the Prince of Conde was included for whose cause they had taken Arms and brought a War to their own Doors and that whoever should speak contrary to this resolution should as a Traytor to his Country be drowned in the River These Persons made account the offers which the Court made were an effect of weakness proceeding from Necessity
the Malecontents of the Prince's Party were above measure disturbed foreseeing that this loss was a true prefage of their utter ruine The French on the other side proud of so fortunate Success resolved to make a farther progress and without making stop resolved to take Libourne and thereupon whilest the Duke of Vendosme staid in Bourg to give such Orders as were necessary and to dispatch away Artillery and Provisions fitting for the Enterprise Monsieur d'Estrades with 1200 Foot and 400 Horse after two dayes stay marched towards it and in his passage took the Castles of Savagnac and Laubardemont and passed the River Iolla the 9th of Iuly the Foot in Boats at Guistres and the Horse a League from thence at the Foord of Coustras The Place was next day viewed and Quarters set out for the Troops until the coming of Vendosme who the 11th day at Night arrived with the Cannon and Ammunition going up the Dordogne and passing happily under the Enemies Fort not above half Pistol shot off by the assistance of the Galley being one of those appointed for his Guard which was commanded by Monsieur de la Monnerie Commissary General of the Admiralty after which the Trench was begun on that side of the River where the Duke of Vendosme was lodged and the care of this Attack was given to the Count of Montesson Colonel of the Regiment of Bretagne and a Battery of two pieces of Cannon d' Estrades attacked on the other side of the River Ille and Monsieur de St. Romain assisted in making the Approaches and another Battery with the Regiment of Douglass In this mean time the besieged made a great Salley on that side with Horse and Foot but were so briskly repulsed that they durst never after peep abroad Both the Attacks were advanced with so much vigour that the second day the French were Masters of two Half-Moons in one of which they took 17 prisoners and a breach being there opened on the Duke's side and a Mine ready to be sprung on that of d' Estrades the besieged upon the 17th of Iuly founded a Parley and demanded the same Terms as were granted unto Bourg but 't was refused them the French thinking it not reasonable that Libourne should think it self 'equal to Bourg at last it was agreed That as to the French and Irish Souldiers they should be Prisoners of Warr the Officers should have liberty to return to their own houses and twelve onely should have liberty to carry the Baggage away with them The Souldiers who were about 800 divided themselves under the King's colours where they voluntarily entred themselves into Service The Justice of the King's Cause was visibly approved by the facility wherewith these two Important Places were gained by his Forces and the diligence and abilities of his Captains appeared likewise to be very great and particularly in the Enterprise of Libourne which being Garrison'd by more than 800 Souldiers in pay was besieged and taken by an Army of 2200 Foot and Four hundred Horse the remainder of the Troops being divided part of them placed in Garrison at Bourg part part left to make good the Posts of Castillon and Monreal and the rest Commanded upon several Parties by the Generals upon the notice they got by Letters of Marsin intercepted and undeciphered that his Lieutenants marched with some Troops of Perigord and Quercy unto the relief of that place which being the principal foundation of the subsistance of Bourdeaux was furnished with all things necessary for the holding out of a long Siege This second loss put all the Inhabitants into a wonderful apprehension and the Prince's Party lost much of their first Credit the people crying out That in lieu of the Succour which they hoped for they were contriving to cast them into the slavery abominated by them The Citizens therefore made several Assemblies and examining the state of their Affairs found clearly that their hopes of subsistence were very small without speedy Succour which could not be elsewhere had but from Spain or England they therefore sent away to sollicite the Catholique King's Generals for their promised Succours and failed not to request of General Cromwell That he would open the Passage of the River and give maintenance unto that City which would bring so great advantages to England But the Spaniards who desired very much to perform this Request wanted Forces and the English who could with ease have done it had no thoughts of putting it in execution The French who saw well that Expedition was the Mother of Success and were sensible that either the Spaniard might get Forces or the English an inclination to succour Bourdeaux disposed themselves with extraordinary diligence to put in execution all those things which might serve to reduce that People speedily under obedience and therefore Libourne being taken they quarter'd their Troops as near as possibly they could to Bourdeaux that they might incommodate the Citizens and deprive them of all communication with the Countrey The Duke of Vendosme held the Castle of Lermont all the Countrey between the two Seas and by means of the Fleet was Master of the River The Duke of Candale with his Forces divided upon the principal Passes was Master of all the Avenues having to back them the Fort Casar the Bourg of Blanquefort and the Quarter of Begle and thereby hindred the City from receiving any Relief on that side where they had before got it and expected it afresh from Spain and the Count de Marin was sent to take the Castle de la Teste de Certes wherein was that Garrison which had facilitated the Count de Fiesco his passage formerly But although 't were certain that Force was the securest means to restore the King's Authority within that City yet considering it might be long first 't was thought fit to try the means for reducing the Inhabitants unto a voluntary submission The House of Espernon had in it a great number of Creatures and well-affected persons gained by their long abiding in those Parts who notwithstanding the Seditious Cabals had alwaies retained their good affections Which made it easie for the Duke of Candale a Prince generally beloved for his Virtuous and Noble Qualities to set on foot a Treaty upon this design with the well disposed Citizens By means therefore of Friends and Confidents there being many others disposed to Peace they thought fit to attempt the means of bringing it about The multitudes of Country people running into the City for fear of the Souldiers served wonderfully to make the scarcity of Provisions appear because the Corn being with great dexterity bought up and hidden in private houses and the Mills being out of order by biding of the stones and other implements the Bakers were not able to find Bread sufficient to furnish such a multitude whereupon the throng of people who were present at the distribution of it began to think that the want was extream great and that therefore the publick
safety was more to be considered then private interests The Provision for the Hospitals was also neglected and those Poor were sent unto their doors who were thought to be most interested in the continuance of the Warr which was so done that with their pitiful Out-cryes they might let them see 't was necessary not being able to resist longer against so great an extremity of Miseries to moderate their own particular obstinacy which had been the cause of bringing it upon them The fight of this Crowd of Poor and Beggars whispering at their doors who were looked on as the beginners of the Warr wrought very much towards the disposing of them unto Peace beginning now to fear that those very persons of whom they had made use to disturb the publick quiet would fall upon themselves and plunder their houses it was also proposed to the Religious That they would expose the Blessed Sacrament in their Churches covered with a black Vail to the end it should appear that God detested and abhorred this Warr. But the Prince's Councel and the Frondeurs having notice thereof caused it to be exposed in the Great Church and supplications to be made for a general Peace which was the pretence they made use of to abuse the ignorant multitude This Revolution lasted until Wednesday the 9th of Iuly on which day after many private Conferences several Merchants met in the Palace de la Bourse saying 'T was necessary to shut up Shop considering there could be no farther business done during the Warr. The Prince of Conty having notice of these Murmurings made a Cavalcade through the City but it passed no farther and the next day one du Bas having been seised on by his order for having cryed out Peace before the Palace of Justice all the Neighbouring Quarter took Arms and required his enlargement This du Bas plotted with a Conventual Frier Minim called Frier Romain who having made some intelligence with the Count d' Autel shewed unto several of the Citizens a Paper which he said was from the Prince of Conty whereby he gave him liberty to have meetings that he might give him notice of all things that might concern his Party but the matter was otherwise handled in regard the Frier had no design but to discover thereby who were good subjects and who were ill-affected to the King whereof Bas and others taking notice they were reserved and would not communicate any thing of importance to the Frier The good Repute du Bas had in the publick Vogue moved the Citizens to make that stirre and to demand his release threatning some novelty in case case they were not satisfied herein Conty and Marsin got to Horse together with the greatest part of the Nobility and Officers of the Army all the City Companies were commanded to take Arms the greatest part of whom had some of the Olmiera for their Captains but it so happened that the Butchers under Command of Gilbert and one Master Isaac armed with Musquets and other Arms cryed out for Peace and that if any had particular disgusts they should revenge themselves by their own Arms without ingaging therein the Lives of the whole City And a Hollander married in Bourdeaux told Marsin to his face That they knew how to dye but would not dye unrevenged and that being free they would not dye tamely Wherewithal being started they concluded that after Dinner all those of the Olmiera should meet in the Town-House There several Expedients were proposed and the plurality of voices agreed in this That the Citizens dwelling in the Quarter called de la Rochelle and the New Street should be assaulted and Cannon drawn up against them The Prince of Conty liked not the Advice and thought it better to expect the Judges and Consuls of the Exchange who with much submission came to Petition him That he would not suffer the good Citizens to be outraged nor comply with those of the Olmeira who were about him and made their boasts that they would plunder their houses The Merchants appeared and Petitioned for Peace That they might avoid greater disorders The Prince answered That he desired not to keep any in subjection by force which he could with case do but that if they were constant to his Brother the Prince of Conde and himself he would protect their Interests and by being united all those difficulties would be overcome which whilest they were at variance among themselves daily augmented and would cast them into inextricable difficulties but that he would consider with his Council what was fit to be resolved upon in this Conjuncture The Count de Fiesco was in this interim dispatched from the Court of Spain and imbarking himself upon a Frigat at St. Sebastians he was come unto the Port of the Teste de Busch there finding all the Countrey in Arms for the King he landed and had much ado to save himself leaving the Frigat to the discretion of those Countrymen by whom she was seised and all the persons in her made prisoners The great Guns in her were made use of to batter the Castle of the Teste de Busch and another place near thereunto called Sertes garrisoned by the Prince's Souldiers that they might keep open this Pass for those that went and returned from Biscay To these Countrey Forces were sent a Recruit of 600 Foot under the Command of the Count de Marin by whom these two Castles which much favoured the Spaniards landing were in five or six dayes taken Fiesco coming to Bourdeaux the 12th of Iuly went instantly with the Prince of Conty unto the Town-House and highly magnifying the Catholick King 's Power he assured those of the Olmiera Of a Speedy and Powerful supply of Men Money Shipping and all other manner of Provisions which he had seen himself all in good order and left under sayl in their course at the heighth of the Port of Passage so as the Wind blowing fair it could not be far behind Upon this News it was resolved to have a General Meeting of the Companies of the City where Fiesco made the same relation assuring them That this was no relation of a Gazet but an assured certainty himself having been present at Council and at the execution of the Orders which were thereupon given from the Court of Spain These Passages were by well-meaning men listened unto with horrour yet some Counsellers of Parliament being revived with these hopes said They ought not to proceed farther in the Proposals for Peace made by a Party of the Citizens for fear of abusing the Favours of his Catholick Majesty under whose protection all things would surely be concluded with an entire Liberty and Quiet But notwithstanding this the Presidial which is a Magistracy composed of above Thirty Counsellers and Officers of Note to whom belongs the ordinary administration of Justice next morning made a deputation unto the Prince of Conty desiring him that Peace might be concluded and that belief should not be given so lightly
Citizens might receive Effects rather of the Clemency than of the Iustice of his Majestie The Duke received these Expressions with much Courtesie and professing himself to be a Friend and Servant of the Prince of Conty made unto him all demonstrations of Esteem which were requisite to a good correspondence But there being a necessity that in order to Treating of a Peace a Truce should first precede Virlada being earnest with him to grant it the Duke answered That he would resolve nothing therein without the Duke of Vendosme with whom he had a perfect good intelligence But whilest these things were acting the Souldiers were strictly charged not to stirre out of their Quarters nor commit any act of Hostility against the Lives or Goods of the Burdelois He sent also the Cavalier de Muns Captain of his Guard to complement the Prince and assure the Citizens of his good Inclinations towards them and of a sincere interposition with his Majestie in their favour from thence the said Captain passed to the Duke of Vendosme to give him an account of what was doing Monsieur de Bacalan made the same submissions and protests unto the Duke of Vendosme in the name of the Citizens which were received by him with all expressions of Kindness and Favour which were natural unto him The same day Monsieur de Gourville came from Court into the Duke of Vendosme's Quarters and desiring to pass over unto the Duke of Candale sent into Bourdeaux to demand a Pass that being much the shorter way the curiosity of the Commanders was the cause they sent him a Passport to come through the City every one being desirous to hear some News of what had happened since their separation from the Prince of Conde and because the house where Monsieur Lenet lay was next unto the place where he alighted he visited him first and staid all Night with him which gave some suspition unto the Prince of Conty and the Dutchess of Longueville they thought that coming from Court he might bring some Orders to Treat with Marsin and Lenet who stood then upon very bad terms with Conty and Longueville who being visited by him the next morning were very earnest to know what Orders he brought but Gourville professing that he would not have medled in any thing of that kind without acquainting them and that they ought to consider him as a person depending solely upon his Majesty's Service the same did very much increase their jealousie and apprehension The curiosity of these Princes kept him in a long discourse of several things which wrought the same effect in the minds of Marsin and Lenet as his conversation before with Lenet had done in theirs and the rather because having treated of nothing at all with them they fancied the Orders were to treat onely with the Prince so as both the one and the other remained equally suspitious of each other Gourville went on in his Journey and together with Monsieur de Bas the Colonel who was by Marsin sent to take notice of Virlada's actings came to the Duke of Candale by whom he was most civilly received and communicating with him touching those things were to be done for the King's Service in Bourdeaux and by agreement with Virlada got a suspension of Arms for three dayes in which time the Duke pretended that he would confer personally with Vendosme to adjust the Articles for a Truce not onely for the City but also for the whole Province of Guienne Mean while the Prince of Conty went to the Burse and there took a white Riband with the general satisfaction but being informed of the great inconveniences occasioned by the frequent commerce of the King's Officers and Souldiers in the City he prohibited by advice of the Citizens that any should be admitted without Passports Virlada being returned to Bourdeaux informed the Prince of his Negotiations with Candale and communicated the same also unto the Citizens Marsin being troubled to see that Treaty near a conclusion which by so many artifices he had endeavoured to protract or quite break off would not consent that any answer should be made out of the Archbishop's Palace whereupon Virlada to animate the people and make them fond of Peace published another Writing from the Duke of Candale whereby he gave permission unto the Citizens to go securely unto their Country houses about their Vintage and distributed Passes to as many as required them The Duke of Vendosme sent also Monsieur de Butin his Secretary into Burdeaux to acquaint the Citizens with the good inclinations he had to favour them but that he would not Treat without the Duke of Candale his consent and to the end the Propositions might be with the more ease examined and agreed That the Duke of Candale and he would meet together and not part till the Treaty were concluded or broken off Butin was received with great applause but Cavalier Todias principal Jurate declared It was against the Rules of Warr and their own interest to make a shew of so much fondness after Peace The Secretary was also sent again and Vendosme's Letter was directed to the Prince of Conty Marsin appearing at the Councel called in the Archbishop's Palace reproved Virlada That he had suffered in his presence Feran the Hugonot Minister to speak unto the Duke of Candale against the Princes Party and added That 't was a demonstration made it evident that the Hugonots hated the Spaniard which was against the Common interest considering there was no Succour to be expected from any other place then Spain but that both be and Feran would be therein disowned by the other Townesmen Virlada answered That he was Servant to the King and a good French-man and therefore he assured himself that honest men would never blame him and what the bad said be little cared The relations which Virlada and Bacalan made of their Negotiations were a great trouble to Marsin who foresaw therein the loss of his cause and that the major part of the Inhabitants were disposed to return unto his Majestie 's obedience There was a Passport then demanded for Vendosme's Galleysto go and bring the Duke of Candale unto Begle Marsin opposed it saying there might be some Treason therein and offered that he should be carried in the Town-Shipping Virlada and Bacalan disliked that Proposition and said That 't was not reasonable the King's General should be carried by any other Shipping than his Majesties Wherewith Marsin being more incensed there passed a Contest and high words between the parties and he made instance that the said Deputies might be changed but they being well liked of by the Loyal Party were not removed but confirmed in their Imployment and the Articles of the Truce were set down the substance whereof was That all Hostility should cease till the conclusion or breach of the Treaty That the Souldiers should not have Commerce with the Inhabitants unless they Pass-Ports from the Generals That after the King's Forces were drawn
cheerful splendour There each of the Dukes received severally the complements of all the Companies of the City and were Treated with a huge Supper with so great abundance of all delicacies as made it evident that not want but abundance of Affection and Loyalty had occasioned the opening of the Gates unto them On the other side the Dukes to shew a grateful correspondence presently discharged their own Guards and gave order that the Citizens should mount the Guards at their Lodgings and did what they could to make it appear that they confided in them that being the principal thing which nourishes good will in subjects and with letting them see the Force of their affection obliges them to a return of love for those who are desirous of their safety The next day in presence of the Bishop of Tule six new Jurates were chosen all persons of worth who during the late Revolutions had rendred themselves very remarkable for their Loyalty afterwards the Assemblies in the Burse being now ended they returned again unto the usual place in the Town-house new purged of all that Infamy and the Plangues which had been practised there during the meetings of the Olmiera The Princess of Conde having in this interim left Bourdeaux imbarked in the Ship called Saint Sauveur to go unto Castillon upon Medoc with the Duke of Anguien her Son accompanied by Monsieur Lenet and convoyed till she took Ship by Monsieur de Bousquet Savagnac with 200 Horse Marsin went into Spain by Sea and the Count Fiesco took Post thither The Prince of Conty who would not conclude any Treaty apart from his Family without comprehending therein the Prince his Brother so as a time might be allowed unto him to accept the Amnestie seeing that the Dutchess of Longueville Marsin and Lenet himself were ready to conclude one for themselves without including him therein He therefore proposed to conclude with Monsieur Gourville that the Princess of Conde and Duke d' Anguien should with security Retire to Stenay or any other place depending upon the Prince her Husband that Lenet should have the same Liberty to go away either by Sea or Land and also that Marsin might likewise go into Holland or the Country of Leige leaving his Wife in Normandy That it should be Lawful for the Prince of Conty himself to Retire unto any of his Houses so he accepted of the Amnestie which was also to be accepted by the Dutchess of Longueville who was to have Licence to go unto Newcastle in Switzerland or any other place where she should be directed by the Duke her Husband He on his part promised that he and the Princesses would by themselves their friends and dependents co-operate to the submission of Bourdeaux and give the Citizens free Liberty to make their agreements but that in case the Peace were not concluded upon by the Town before the 17th day of August that yet the Prince and those of his party should Bona fide execute their parts which agreement was subscribed by them and by the Duke of Candale upon the 25th of Iuly The Prince of Conty coming to Cadillac found there Monsieur de Langlade Secretary to Cardinal Mazarine sent about the Treaties at Bourdeaux but falling sick he could not be present at the conclusion in the City Mean while Colonel Baltasser finding that things went very ill with the Princes and his disgusts with Marsin still encreasing entred into a Treaty after the Citizens by permission from the Princes had begun theirs and came over to the King's Service together with 600 Foot and 400 Horse This was concluded at the same time with that of Bourdeaux and the Irish also at the same time entred themselves into his Majestie 's pay Baltasser had received great disgusts from the Prince of Conde all things being communicated onely with Marsin himself being in the mean time ill paid and less regarded by the Prince's Ministers Baltasser did also another service of importance to the King's interests by causing Monsieur de la Roche who was in the City of Perigueux with 100 Foot and 60 Dragoons to return under his Majestie 's Command He by reason of a suspition entred into his mind that the Marquess of Chanlo Governour of the place intended to clap him up came out with several of his friends and joyned with the King's Forces and was in a great measure the cause of a Treaty which began with the inhabitants of the said City to reduce it under his Majestie 's Obedience The Brother of Father Ythier the Jesuite guided the Hall who went about not only disposing the minds of the Citizens but watching narrowly for all occasions Father Bertaut was his partner in this imployment who Officiated for the said Father Ythier being then sick There was also a secret Treaty begun with the Irish of the Garrison but the Goverour who suspected and therefore kept a watchful Eye over them upon some jealousie conceived caused the Captains to be arrested and divided the Common Souldiers amongst his Confidents The Duke of Candale who being of a generous Soul hated to overcome even Enemies by Deceit and Treachery liked not these ways but resolved to besiege the City and have the Glory to have won it by the Sword in a fair War He had already caused Cannon to be Shipped and sent away the Marquess de Saufbeuf to invest it with part of the Forces Commanded by the Marquess of Cavillac and Count of St. Germans But the Citizens knowing how great a prejudice the City would suffer by expecting a Siege resolved according to the example of the Bourdelois to put themselves in Arms and take the Guard of the Ports from the Souldiers of the Garrison The Governour having notice of this Novelty who was upon a Treaty about quitting that Country and getting leave to march his men unto the Prince of Conde his Patrone presently drew all his men into a Body put them in Battalia in the great Piazza and being something heated with Wine as coming from a Wedding Feast went hastily accompanied only with his Page and one of the Consuls of the Town unto the House of Monsieur de Budon procureur General to know what Assembly was made upon such occasions without his privity He was kept out of Budon's house and told there was no meeting there but endeavouring to come in by Force some Pistols were discharged upon him by friends of the Procureur General who were then with him and he fell dead Whereupon the inhabitants taking heart began to run about the streets and cry Vive le Roy la paix and committed Barbarous outrages upon the Body The Souldiers by this sad dismal change were so confounded and disheartened that although Monsieur de la Baune Lieutenant Colonel of the Regiment of Conde endeavoured with much Gallantry to keep in a Body and oppose the peoples fury yet in a short time they threw down their Arms and disbanded some here some there the Town remaining
of stairs They were condemned unto the deserved punishment of the Gallows and being broken upon the Wheel in Paris near the Bastile the 11th of October in the great street of St. Anthony The Cardinal Mazarine who by reason of the mildness of his nature and the Character he bears of being a Prince of Holy Church abhorres these bloody Spectacles did what lay in him to procure their pardon and would surely have obtained it if being so enormious a Crime it had been grantable without a notable prejudice to justice which in such cases must not at all give way to pity There followed after divers other Executions in Paris done upon several persons who were imprisoned for heynous Crimes but without doubt the effects of the King's clemency were much the greater those being many more in number who were pardoned then who were punished I cannot here omit the mentioning of one who being condemned to be beheaded pretended by his Ambition to Triumph over death he before he was brought out to Execution with an undaunted boldness as if he had been going to a Wedding dressed himself up shaved turned up his Mustaccio's powdred his hair and made his boasts That Civil Men though suffering Ignominious death ought to dye honourable And although to encourage subjects by too much levity to a relapse into their former errours be by some qualified with the name of a false Maxime yet that could not discourage the King's Ministers from using it because to generous minds the occasions of meriting the thanks of such as are obliged are much more welcome then the imprecations of those who suffer which having drawn down Heavenly favours on them hath let us see those miracles which have rendred his Government most happy who having inherited the Title of Most Christian hath joyned unto it the glorious appellation of Most Clement Truly they may be well called miracles which were seen in France in the year 1653 because whilst it seemed likely that the Kingdom combated every way by furious storms should fall in pieces it became suddenly more serene and every way more glorious then before because being by the quieting of Bourdeaux and all Guienne freed from that powerful diversion which imployed so many Forces those being now at liberty have secured all the borders from those dangers wherewith they were threatned and marching into Catalonia and Lombardy have interrupted all those designs the Spanish party hoped for from their precedent Victories The Ministers of which Crown were thought to have committed a great oversight in that they had not four years before agreed unto a general Peace the ease whereof tempering the fierce and stirring nature of the French would have proved much more useful to them then the necessitating of them to a War which raising the desires of it in a youthful King and so a great number of young Nobility may probably make the effects thereof bitter unto them it being certain that no Victories are so severely prosecuted as those which are in prosecution of a just revenge The same time that the Affairs of Warr in Catalonia Guienne and Champaigne passed in the manner before related the French concerns also in Piedmont put on a better face so as there was no farther cause of fear that the Piemontois should for want of considerable assistance be forced to free themselves from the Inconveniences of Warr by making some agreement with the Spaniard for that the Count de Quincè being gone as hath been said into Piedmont and some French Troops being joyned to him he advanced into the Enemies Countrey with between 5000 and 6000 Men and incamping at Annone upon the Banks of the Tanaro for about a moneths time during which he staid there he infested continually the Countrey about Alexandria with frequent parties sent into those parts after which quitting that Post he returned to Monferrat and passing the Po at Verna went to incamp above Crescentino to observe the Marquiss Caracene who having taken the Field with 8000 Souldiers was marched to Fontant and Palazzuolo three miles distant where the Armies stayed some dayes observing each other in which mean time the French sent abroad several parties and particularly one even to Vercelli of 1500 Horse Before he dislodged thence drawing up all his Horse in the Plain of Bertola about a Cannon shot from the Spanish Camp he sent to defie the Marquiss Caracene to fight a Battel but he holding a Maxime That the French Fury was to be stopped by the Spanish Gravity made a mock of him These attempts of the French being vanished without effect Quincè repassed the Po in Iuly and entred again into Monferrat crossing the Tanaro upon a Bridge of Boats near Asti and from thence staying two dayes at Rochetta went to encamp at Monbersel Upon notice of this march by the French the Marquiss Caracene passed the Po again with his Forces near to Pontestura and having marched cross Monferrat went to lodge at Felizzano intending to cross Tanaro at Rochetta but finding opposition from the Enemy he went to pass lower towards Alexandria advancing unto Nizza della Paglia Quincè stayed at Castel Nuovo Brusato observing his motions about 15 dayes there being daily skirmishes between the Horse of either party But Caracene being at last resolved to break into Piedmont and by that diversion to make the French quit Monferrat passing the Po at Pontestura he began to scour over the Countrey thereabouts but that sufficed not to make Quincè stirre who judging that it would be of great prejudice to his Affairs to bring his men to make the Warr in a Friends Countrey took a contrary course he sent his Baggage into Asti and foording over the Tanaro at Rochetta and after passing Bormida came by the way of Novi unto Saravalle a great Town above Alexandria in the Confines of the Genouese Countrey between the Rivers of Sirvia and Orba and having sacked it went towards Tortona and Castel nuovo de Scrivia taking great Booties in those Towns where he was not expected Caracene was thereby forced to quit his designs in Piedmont and march in all hast to Alexandria gathering together all the Garrisons and forraign Souldiers to cut off the retreat of the French towards Nizza but Quincè advertised thereof marched by Cassino de Strada by Aicqui and by the Valley of Bistagno to the said Town of Nizza whither the Spanish Army was already come for which cause the French retired that Night to St. Spefaro and went with great care to get the Pass of Our Lady at Tenello and prevent the Enemy who came thither just as the French had seised it with their Vantguard where they began to skirmish but with great reservedness of the Spanish side because they would not engage in a Battel with the French who although they were inferiour in number had the advantage in the Experience and valour of their Horse Quincè went from thence directly towards Alba and thence between Alba and Asti