we_o be_v deceive_v by_o any_o of_o they_o but_o some_o will_v say_v what_o need_v we_o be_v put_v to_o trouble_v to_o watch_v other_o can_v we_o more_o easy_o do_v as_o other_o do_v to_o this_o i_o answer_v if_o there_o be_v no_o harm_n in_o so_o do_v at_o home_n yet_o to_o alter_v with_o they_o that_o alter_v or_o may_v alter_v require_v a_o continual_a watch_n over_o all_o other_o with_o who_o we_o have_v commerce_n or_o else_o how_o shall_v we_o know_v when_o they_o alter_v or_o know_v what_o mint_n it_o be_v that_o draw_v our_o money_n from_o we_o and_o if_o we_o shall_v alter_v our_o mint_n as_o often_o as_o other_o may_v alter_v we_o shall_v ever_o be_v alter_v and_o have_v no_o rest_n at_o home_n this_o perconsequence_n must_v needs_o bring_v a_o confusion_n in_o short_a time_n when_o once_o move_v our_o mint_n have_v make_v great_a alteration_n among_o we_o at_o home_n and_o will_v ever_o do_v so_o when_o we_o shall_v alter_v it_o be_v the_o great_a harm_n to_o king_n and_o subject_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v god_n willing_a hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o let_v you_o know_v that_o in_o or_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o and_o five_o we_o be_v in_o amity_n with_o all_o prince_n and_o neighbour-mynt_n there_o be_v a_o general_a consent_n among_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o make_v a_o treaty_n for_o the_o concord_n in_o mint_n affair_n to_o keep_v a_o parity_n in_o coin_n which_o treaty_n be_v frequent_a in_o elder_a time_n but_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o war_n near_o hand_n in_o france_n low_a country_n and_o germany_n be_v omit_v and_o in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o a_o treatise_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o arch-duchess_n of_o austria_n wherein_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o difference_n of_o a_o half_a penny_n in_o a_o angel_n of_o gold_n which_o now_o be_v about_o three_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n tale_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o exhaust_v his_o treasure_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o by_o no_o mean_n will_v suffer_v it_o then_o per_fw-la consequence_n what_o do_v they_o which_o at_o this_o time_n do_v raise_v both_o gold_n and_o silver_n twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o other_o the_o answer_n to_o this_o be_v they_o do_v break_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n among_o prince_n to_o go_v about_o to_o draw_v away_o their_o neighbour_n coin_n by_o enhance_a by_o denomination_n or_o debase_v the_o fineness_n by_o alloy_n for_o all_o make_v one_o effect_n as_o aforesaid_a but_o what_o care_n they_o to_o break_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o purpose_v to_o have_v war_n then_o this_o be_v answer_v for_o that_o and_o must_v we_o then_o of_o consequence_n have_v our_o money_n exhaust_v as_o they_o be_v or_o make_v war_n and_o by_o the_o next_o consequence_n be_v undo_v be_v there_o none_o other_o remedy_n there_o be_v but_o i_o refer_v the_o remedy_n till_o another_o time_n and_o place_n now_o i_o have_v lay_v open_a the_o compose_n of_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n i_o be_o to_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o export_v of_o our_o gold_n and_o silver_n before_o aremedy_n can_v be_v apply_v and_o this_o be_v a_o secret_a to_o most_o man_n to_o know_v the_o cause_n and_o will_v be_v controvert_v by_o they_o that_o have_v profit_n thereby_o and_o if_o we_o believe_v they_o that_o controvert_v it_o the_o cause_n be_v lose_v herein_o be_v to_o be_v note_v what_o ecclesiastes_n as_o concerning_o merchant_n exchange_n say_v trust_v not_o a_o merchant_n in_o the_o business_n or_o touch_v exchange_n a_o labourer_n in_o the_o point_n of_o hire_n nor_o a_o soldier_n in_o the_o end_n of_o war_n bear_v in_o remembrance_n the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o own_o coin_n especial_o without_o which_o know_v and_o remember_v you_o can_v fall_v upon_o nor_o understand_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o exhaust_v of_o our_o money_n which_o be_v the_o marchandize_a exchange_n nor_o yet_o the_o remedy_n therefore_o i_o pray_v you_o pause_v upon_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v a_o while_n unless_o you_o have_v be_v verse_v or_o do_v understand_v the_o mint_n business_n and_o compose_v of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o have_v be_v declare_v in_o some_o measure_n also_o take_v this_o with_o you_o for_o a_o principle_n money_n can_v neither_o be_v advance_v in_o denomination_n nor_o a_o pound_n troy_n or_o a_o ounce_n be_v make_v into_o more_o piece_n of_o silver_n nor_o debase_v by_o put_v in_o more_o copper_n or_o alloy_n without_o general_a detryment_n to_o the_o respublike_n a_o perilous_a thing_n to_o deal_v withal_o without_o doubt_n and_o most_o especial_o in_o land_n common_a weal_n and_o wherefore_o more_o in_o land_n commonwealth_n then_o in_o maritime_a and_o marchandize_v common_a weal_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o or_o you_o will_v not_o believe_v maritime_a and_o merchant_n can_v immediate_o change_v with_o the_o changer_n without_o detriment_n the_o merchant_n can_v immediate_o set_v a_o price_n of_o his_o merchandise_n according_a to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o money_n and_o the_o artificer_n and_o labourer_n set_v a_o price_n according_o to_o his_o labour_n or_o hire_v which_o can_v be_v do_v in_o terraine_a state_n more_o especial_o in_o our_o kingdom_n which_o i_o forbear_v for_o the_o present_a till_o i_o show_v the_o inconvenience_n or_o mischief_n that_o will_v follow_v the_o alteration_n of_o our_o mint_n and_o will_v be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o undertake_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o for_o that_o i_o have_v already_o name_v the_o merchant_n exchange_n to_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o exhaust_v our_o money_n in_o general_a thus_o it_o be_v merchant_n exchange_n be_v first_o invent_v for_o the_o save_n of_o portage_n and_o keep_v of_o money_n at_o home_n in_o every_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o hazard_n that_o may_v befall_v in_o carry_v of_o treasure_n as_o luggage_n from_o kingdom_n to_o kingdom_n which_o otherwise_o upon_o every_o several_a contract_n make_v to_o be_v pay_v forraign_o will_v be_v export_v and_o every_o traveller_n beyond_o the_o sea_n will_v carry_v his_o expend_v money_n with_o he_o but_o now_o if_o by_o equal_a or_o disadvantagoeus_a exchange_n a_o man_n deliver_v a_o hundred_o pound_n here_o to_o be_v pay_v so_o much_o like_o quantity_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n again_o there_o beyond_o sea_n this_o both_o keep_v the_o money_n at_o home_n and_o save_v the_o traveller_n a_o labour_n and_o hazard_v in_o carry_v the_o money_n over_o but_o if_o by_o unequal_a exchange_n a_o gain_n may_v be_v have_v by_o overvalue_v our_o money_n beyond_o sea_n as_o now_o they_o be_v overvalue_v especial_o in_o france_n not_o only_o a_o merchant_n make_v contract_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o a_o traveller_n not_o know_v the_o mystery_n shall_v lose_v ten_o or_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o merchant_n observer_n of_o the_o mystery_n will_v for_o the_o gain_n have_v thereby_o export_v the_o same_o in_fw-la specie_fw-la but_o more_o especial_o gold_n when_o visible_o without_o change_n of_o species_n he_o may_v retain_v ten_o or_o more_o of_o those_o piece_n and_o there_o with_o ninety_o or_o less_o of_o those_o piece_n pay_v the_o hundred_o pound_n or_o piece_n receive_v here_o and_o this_o be_v the_o overt_a or_o open_a fallacy_n by_o mutation_n of_o place_n now_o too_o frequent_o use_v by_o the_o denomination_n of_o that_o coin_n but_o there_o be_v another_o more_o secret_a which_o be_v practise_v by_o exchanger_n to_o be_v consider_v from_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o coin_n wherein_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o prince_n coin_n be_v not_o alike_o for_o some_o have_v more_o alloy_n or_o copper_n mix_v with_o the_o gold_n or_o silver_n as_o before_o have_v be_v touch_v there_o be_v only_o two_o chief_a way_n of_o deceit_n denomination_n or_o open_a deceit_n the_o second_o intrinsical_a or_o inward_a fineness_n consist_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o copper_n more_o or_o less_o and_o because_o our_o gold_n may_v not_o be_v see_v too_o visible_a and_o make_v too_o great_a a_o show_n in_o france_n there_o be_v now_o a_o ordinance_n in_o france_n to_o bring_v the_o foreign_a gold_n so_o fast_o as_o it_o come_v into_o his_o exchequer_n into_o the_o mynâ—_n to_o be_v there_o mint_v into_o french_a crown_n double_a and_o treble_a and_o quatreble_a piece_n call_v they_o lowyzen_n and_o mint_v they_o after_o the_o proportion_n of_o fifteen_o to_o one_o of_o silver_n we_o hold_v in_o our_o proportion_n thirteen_o to_o one_o which_o very_o mint_n be_v able_a by_o that_o mean_n to_o draw_v all_o our_o gold_n away_o even_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v so_o fast_o as_o it_o can_v be_v
england_n look_a in_o and_o out_o present_v to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n now_o assemble_v by_o the_o author_n r._n m._n knight_n london_n print_v by_o t._n badger_n for_o h_o mosley_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o saint_n paul_n churchyard_n 1640._o the_o humble_a request_n of_o sir_n ralph_n maddison_n knight_n to_o the_o honourable_a house_n of_o commons_o die_v martis_n primo_fw-la decembris_fw-la 1640._o that_o it_o will_v please_v this_o honourable_a assembly_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o to_o take_v into_o their_o consideration_n the_o decay_n of_o our_o kingdom_n commodity_n and_o especial_o the_o wool_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o late_a year_n much_o decay_v in_o price_n which_o if_o it_o continue_v will_v assure_o pull_v down_o the_o revenue_n of_o king_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o unspeakable_a loss_n of_o all_o in_o general_n which_o your_o humble_a petitioner_n conceive_v to_o come_v by_o two_o special_a or_o principal_a way_n or_o mean_n both_o of_o they_o worthy_a of_o your_o high_a and_o noble_a consideration_n namely_o the_o overbalance_n of_o trade_n in_o commerce_n with_o stranger_n and_o the_o marchandize_a exchange_n by_o bill_n use_v between_o we_o and_o stranger_n both_o which_o do_v tend_v to_o and_o in_o truth_n do_v drive_v out_o our_o kingdom_n coin_v both_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o the_o make_n up_o the_o unequal_a and_o prejudicial_a balance_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o usurious_a and_o canker-eating_a contract_n daily_o practise_v between_o we_o and_o stranger_n and_o especial_o the_o banker_n the_o first_o mover_n therein_o and_o because_o the_o word_n balance_n of_o trade_n or_o commerce_n and_o marchandize_v exchange_n must_v of_o force_n be_v mention_v because_o they_o be_v the_o word_n of_o art_n of_o science_n well_o know_v to_o many_o in_o this_o honourable_a assembly_n who_o have_v be_v verse_v by_o trade_n or_o travel_n in_o foreign_a part_n yet_o because_o i_o suppose_v there_o be_v more_o here_o assemble_v that_o have_v not_o be_v verâ—ed_v or_o give_v their_o mind_n to_o marchandize_v business_n i_o humble_o crave_v pardon_n if_o i_o be_v bold_a for_o the_o help_n of_o all_o man_n understanding_n herein_o to_o explain_v these_o word_n in_o as_o few_o word_n as_o i_o can_v and_o first_o of_o balance_n all_o man_n do_v know_v what_o it_o mean_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v at_o home_o but_o the_o word_n trade_n put_v thereto_o be_v obscure_a till_o it_o be_v open_v balance_n of_o trade_n then_o be_v the_o computation_n or_o take_v the_o account_n or_o valuation_n of_o all_o the_o merchandise_n export_v or_o import_v into_o this_o kingdom_n every_o year_n which_o be_v cast_v up_o may_v tell_v we_o whether_o we_o get_v or_o lose_v or_o what_o loss_n or_o gain_n come_v to_o the_o kingdom_n commerce_n that_o year_n the_o balance_n be_v cast_v up_o and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v that_o we_o import_v more_o than_o we_o export_v then_o that_o which_o do_v want_n of_o make_v the_o balance_n equal_a must_v be_v fulfil_v with_o our_o kingdom_n stock_n or_o store_n of_o money_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n will_v eat_v up_o or_o consume_v to_o a_o small_a portion_n our_o money_n that_o shall_v beat_v or_o maintain_v our_o home-commerce_n and_o market_n per_fw-la consequence_n lessen_v the_o price_n of_o our_o wool_n corn_n land_n and_o what_o not_o for_o this_o be_v infallible_o true_a in_o common_a sense_n that_o where_o much_o money_n be_v there_o the_o price_n be_v great_a and_o where_o little_a money_n be_v there_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v less_o and_o go_v low_a hence_o it_o be_v and_o will_v be_v say_v this_o proverb_n regina_fw-la pecunia_fw-la donat_fw-la for_o money_n will_v bear_v rule_n in_o price_n in_o despite_n of_o all_o man_n that_o say_v no_o but_o i_o do_v conjecture_v as_o some_o have_v say_v to_o myself_o some_o in_o this_o assembly_n will_v say_v how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o all_o good_n or_o merchandise_n go_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n and_o come_n in_o shall_v be_v account_v this_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o to_o some_o wise_a man_n do_v seem_v impossible_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n that_o the_o valuation_n or_o rate_n or_o price_n of_o all_o good_n go_v out_o and_o into_o this_o realm_n have_v be_v put_v into_o book_n due_o keep_v in_o every_o port_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o once_o a_o year_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n all_o bring_v into_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n office_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o to_o be_v collect_v and_o make_v up_o into_o one_o gross_a sum_n of_o all_o out_o bind_v and_o another_o gross_a sum_n of_o all_o in_o bind_v good_n whereby_o the_o king_n may_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n see_v the_o face_n of_o his_o common_a weal_n whether_o it_o grow_v fat_a or_o lean_a and_o this_o under_o favourable_a correction_n be_v it_o speak_v be_v one_o among_o other_o cause_n wherefore_o custom_n of_o old_a be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o common_a reason_n or_o law_n for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o officer_n that_o attend_v this_o care_n in_o every_o port_n and_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o his_o time_n it_o be_v call_v the_o old_a custom_n before_o all_o memory_n of_o record_n this_o may_v suffice_v in_o brevity_n for_o the_o word_n balance_n of_o trade_n second_o the_o word_n exchange_n all_o know_v what_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o change_n marchandize_v exchange_n be_v know_v only_o to_o merchant_n and_o those_o that_o in_o foreign_a travel_n have_v use_v it_o and_o few_o of_o either_o sort_n do_v know_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o equal_a exchange_n of_o coin_n between_o foreigner_n and_o we_o exchange_n of_o merchant_n be_v first_o invent_v for_o save_v of_o portage_n and_o keep_n of_o money_n at_o home_n in_o every_o kingdom_n beside_o the_o hazard_n that_o may_v befall_v in_o carry_v of_o treasure_n as_o luggage_n from_o kingdom_n to_o kingdom_n which_o otherwise_o upon_o every_o several_a contract_n make_v to_o be_v pay_v forrain_o will_v be_v export_v and_o every_o traveller_n beyond_o the_o sea_n shall_v carry_v his_o expend_v money_n with_o he_o but_o now_o if_o by_o equal_a or_o disadvantageous_a exchange_n a_o man_n deliver_v a_o hundred_o pound_n here_o to_o be_v pay_v so_o much_o like_o quantity_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n again_o there_o beyond_o sea_n this_o both_o keep_v the_o money_n at_o home_n but_o if_o by_o unequal_a exchange_n a_o gain_n may_v be_v have_v by_o overvalue_v of_o our_o money_n beyond_o sea_n as_o now_o they_o be_v overvalue_v especial_o in_o france_n not_o only_o a_o merchant_n make_v contract_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o a_o traveller_n not_o know_v the_o mystery_n shall_v lose_v ten_o or_o more_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o merchant_n observer_n of_o the_o mystery_n for_o the_o gain_n have_v thereby_o export_v the_o money_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la but_o more_o especial_o gold_n when_o visible_o without_o change_n of_o species_n he_o may_v retain_v ten_o of_o those_o piece_n and_o more_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o there_o with_o ninety_o piece_n pay_v the_o hundred_o piece_n receive_v here_o and_o this_o be_v the_o overt_a or_o open_a fallacy_n now_o too_o frequent_o in_o france_n practise_v upon_o or_o by_o the_o denomination_n of_o that_o coin_n but_o there_o be_v another_o more_o secret_a which_o be_v practise_v by_o exchanger_n to_o be_v consider_v from_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o coin_n wherein_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o all_o prince_n coin_n be_v not_o alike_o for_o some_o have_v more_o ailay_v or_o copper_n mix_v with_o the_o gold_n or_o silver_n which_o be_v a_o long_a discourse_n to_o enter_v into_o and_o upon_o agitation_n of_o this_o business_n of_o exchange_n will_v be_v open_v sufficient_o there_o be_v only_o two_o chief_a way_n of_o deceit_n denomination_n or_o open_a deceit_n the_o second_o intrinsicke_a or_o inward_a value_n consist_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o copper_n more_o or_o less_o put_v into_o the_o gold_n or_o silver_n it_o be_v not_o unknown_a that_o there_o be_v other_o great_a cause_n which_o do_v hinder_v our_o prize_n and_o procure_v damage_n to_o our_o home_n commodity_n namely_o exportation_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n diversion_n of_o bullion_n and_o home-consumption_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n enhance_n of_o our_o money_n gold_n and_o silver_n in_o foreign_a part_n and_o especial_o in_o france_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o homebred_a monopolian_n practice_n all_o which_o will_v fall_v into_o consideration_n upon_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o two_o first_o cause_n above_o say_a whereupon_o my_o humble_a request_n be_v you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o cause_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n to_o be_v true_o cast_v up_o and_o present_v unto_o you_o with_o all_o speed_n as_o also_o to_o take_v notice_n how_o
of_o public_a loss_n to_o the_o kingdom_n a_o party_n or_o equality_n of_o exchange_n shall_v be_v make_v know_v to_o all_o man_n that_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v exchange_n have_v regard_n to_o the_o forbearance_n according_a to_o time_n and_o place_n which_o be_v most_o just_a and_o equal_a for_o all_o man_n both_o denizen_n and_o stranger_n to_o this_o exception_n will_v be_v take_v unless_o i_o do_v explain_v myself_o allow_v and_o grant_v for_o truth_n that_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n to_o be_v give_v or_o take_v up_o do_v bear_v a_o sway_n even_o as_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o statute_n make_v upon_o usury_n if_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o money_n they_o will_v be_v lend_v under_o the_o statute_n and_o if_o there_o be_v scarcity_n there_o will_v be_v more_o give_v for_o the_o loane_n than_o the_o statute_n allow_v by_o some_o covert_a mean_n or_o other_o for_o in_o ttuth_n the_o good_a use_n of_o marchandize_v exchange_n be_v none_o other_o but_o a_o ready_a way_n of_o borrow_v for_o merchant_n without_o surety_n or_o delay_v to_o be_v execute_v which_o moderate_o use_v without_o excessive_a or_o bite_a usury_n be_v both_o profitable_a and_o commendable_a for_o all_o merchant_n to_o use_v as_o their_o occasion_n require_v but_o if_o it_o be_v unequal_o and_o abuse_o carry_v may_v be_v just_o call_v the_o canker_n of_o england_n common_a wealth_n and_o let_v no_o merchant_n think_v but_o that_o i_o be_o their_o friend_n in_o wish_v they_o ease_v and_o remedy_n herein_o that_o it_o be_v not_o carry_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o banker_n as_o it_o be_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n extant_a for_o the_o same_o and_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o her_o proclamation_n to_o that_o purpose_n which_o law_n and_o proclamation_n will_v appear_v upon_o the_o debate_n of_o this_o business_n if_o you_o please_v to_o take_v order_n therein_o as_o also_o the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o table_n mention_v in_o the_o law_n one_o for_o gold_n and_o another_o for_o silver_n as_o i_o have_v see_v the_o like_a make_v in_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o his_o time_n respective_o express_v the_o value_n of_o every_o piece_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n coin_n with_o who_o we_o have_v commerce_n several_o compare_v with_o our_o pound_n starling_n whereby_o the_o equality_n be_v demonstrate_v to_o every_o merchant_n that_o will_v follow_v the_o table_n of_o exchange_n to_o avoid_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o law_n and_o because_o foreign_a coin_n be_v daily_o subject_a to_o alteration_n in_o fineness_n or_o valuation_n after_o the_o computation_n be_v once_o make_v it_o behoove_v that_o there_o be_v and_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n a_o observant_a watch_n or_o diligent_a eye_n set_v over_o those_o place_n of_o commerce_n and_o mint_n to_o send_v intelligence_n hither_o to_o the_o guardian_n of_o the_o table_n to_o alter_v the_o table_n immediate_o in_o that_o point_n and_o to_o keep_v constant_a at_o home_n which_o will_v be_v a_o sufficient_a guide_n to_o defend_v we_o from_o foreign_a wrong_n by_o any_o this_o table_n of_o demonstration_n once_o make_v will_v be_v far_o more_o easy_a to_o understand_v than_o any_o pen_n or_o tongue_n can_v express_v this_o be_v do_v and_o observe_v that_o the_o foreign_a banker_n or_o exchanger_n do_v we_o no_o harm_n in_o a_o small_a process_n of_o time_n our_o balance_n of_o trade_n will_v recover_v itself_o again_o and_o we_o shall_v have_v god_n willing_a a_o constant_a thrift_n to_o attend_v our_o kingdom_n labour_n and_o not_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o any_o bite_a usury_n by_o shufts_n or_o interval_n of_o time_n to_o waste_v or_o exhaust_v our_o treasure_n or_o consume_v our_o kingdom_n stock_n that_o shall_v maintain_v the_o price_n of_o our_o kingdom_n commodity_n rent_n and_o artizen_n as_o sundry_a time_n in_o my_o memory_n it_o have_v do_v but_o what_o a_o kingdom_n or_o kingdom_n exitus_fw-la have_v we_o that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o coin_n as_o we_o have_v lose_v this_o three_o or_o four_o year_n which_o amount_v near_o to_o two_o million_o of_o gold_n and_o undoubted_o our_o silver_n will_v follow_v after_o and_o begin_v visible_o to_o go_v already_o if_o remedy_n be_v not_o have_v to_o the_o unspeakable_a loss_n of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n as_o before_o have_v be_v declare_v these_o table_n of_o exchange_n be_v put_v in_o use_n for_o our_o safeguard_n it_o follow_v then_o as_o good_a husband_n use_v to_o do_v that_o we_o take_v account_n of_o our_o kingdom_n thrift_n to_o see_v yearly_a how_o we_o thrive_v also_o to_o know_v by_o what_o way_n we_o go_v about_o it_o and_o therein_o to_o distinguish_v what_o several_a trade_n be_v beneficial_a to_o our_o kingdom_n or_o not_o and_o to_o set_v redress_n according_o if_o occasion_n require_v it_o which_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n but_o a_o ancient_a practice_n as_o may_v be_v manifest_v to_o begin_v with_o that_o in_o general_a which_o must_v be_v examine_v in_o every_o particular_a trade_n first_o then_o that_o trade_n or_o merchant_n that_o carry_v out_o our_o superfluity_n or_o those_o commodity_n we_o abound_v in_o and_o bring_v in_o those_o commodity_n that_o we_o want_v for_o they_o be_v a_o good_a trade_n or_o merchant_n and_o deserve_v to_o be_v nourish_v countenance_v and_o maintain_v therein_o and_o those_o that_o do_v the_o contrary_a better_o order_v now_o who_o know_v not_o that_o we_o abound_v in_o wool_n and_o woollen_a commodity_n tin_n and_o lead_n and_o some_o other_o thing_n which_o i_o name_v not_o who_o know_v not_o what_o we_o want_v of_o our_o own_o but_o must_v have_v it_o from_o without_o we_o namely_o gold_n silver_n iron_n and_o steel_n which_o for_o brevity_n i_o name_v not_o per_fw-la consequence_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o merchant_n that_o bring_v in_o those_o say_a commodity_n we_o want_v be_v most_o to_o be_v nourish_v and_o favour_v before_o other_o that_o do_v the_o contrary_a but_o how_o or_o by_o what_o mean_n be_v this_o trade_n or_o merchant_n discover_v but_o by_o the_o ancient_a way_n of_o balance_n of_o trade_n of_o late_a year_n almost_o grow_v out_o of_o use_n but_o that_o it_o be_v discover_v in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o king_n james_n and_o always_o observe_v by_o the_o wise_a lord_n burley_n lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n and_o to_o what_o other_o end_n be_v all_o the_o port_n book_n of_o the_o kingdom_n bring_v into_o the_o custom_n house_n of_o london_n and_o from_o thence_o once_o a_o year_n transmit_v into_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n office_n in_o the_o exchequer_n where_o one_o gross_a sum_n of_o our_o kingdom_n exitus_fw-la and_o introitus_fw-la may_v be_v know_v of_o all_o the_o good_n both_o inward_a and_o outward_a bind_v and_o the_o value_n of_o both_o account_v thereby_o to_o know_v whether_o we_o be_v buyer_n or_o seller_n for_o it_o behoove_v a_o father_n of_o a_o family_n to_o be_v a_o seller_n and_o not_o a_o buyer_n and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v that_o we_o sell_v more_o than_o we_o buy_v we_o do_v well_o if_o otherwise_o it_o behoove_v we_o to_o look_v about_o we_o as_o in_o the_o general_a a_o view_n may_v be_v have_v of_o our_o public_a thrift_n so_o in_o every_o particular_a trade_n their_o walk_n be_v observe_v it_o may_v be_v know_v what_o trade_n bring_v in_o or_o force_v in_o money_n or_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o want_v for_o therein_o lie_v a_o difference_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o thereupon_o lie_v our_o kingdom_n thrift_n as_o also_o may_v be_v find_v what_o trade_n be_v hurtful_a or_o damageable_a this_o public_a thrift_n or_o reformation_n as_o i_o conceive_v will_v not_o be_v hold_v in_o a_o mystery_n but_o be_v make_v more_o common_a and_o easy_a to_o every_o intelligent_a gentleman_n because_o he_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n interest_v in_o the_o same_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o public_a good_a and_o therein_o his_o own_o particular_a also_o therefore_o i_o be_o bold_a and_o humble_o commend_v the_o general_a or_o theorical_a study_n of_o the_o marchandize_a exchange_n and_o balance_n of_o trade_n unto_o your_o wisdom_n to_o be_v regard_v and_o for_o these_o purpose_n the_o keep_n and_o the_o observance_n of_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v useful_a there_o be_v also_o many_o other_o thing_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o balance_n of_o trade_n which_o i_o forbear_v to_o particularize_v for_o avoid_v of_o tediousness_n and_o dispute_n that_o may_v arise_v by_o they_o that_o will_v endeavour_v to_o frustrate_v the_o business_n for_o private_a gain_n never_o want_v colour_n and_o pretext_n to_o stupefy_v or_o inveigle_v the_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o have_v not_o be_v verse_v herein_o give_v i_o leave_v last_o to_o repeat_v one_o thing_n wise_a though_o the_o same_o have_v in_o effect_n be_v say_v before_o it_o be_v a_o sure_a tenet_n or_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o kingdom_n to_o keep_v constancy_n in_o our_o mint_n at_o home_n so_o be_v it_o as_o necessary_a to_o change_v with_o the_o changer_n in_o all_o foreign_a coin_n either_o gold_n or_o silver_n reduce_v all_o foreign_a coin_n to_o a_o par_fw-fr or_o equality_n with_o our_o constant_a coin_n and_o to_o that_o end_n in_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v a_o pair_n of_o table_n set_v forth_o express_v the_o same_o demonstrative_o the_o french_a crown_n to_o answer_v to_o fix_v of_o our_o english_a shilling_n our_o unite_v to_o contain_v three_o french_a crown_n and_o a_o three_o and_o so_o of_o the_o dutch_a rider_n although_o it_o go_v but_o for_o one_o and_o twenty_o shilling_n it_o be_v of_o equal_a value_n to_o our_o unite_v so_o all_o foreign_a coin_n several_o reduce_v to_o our_o coin_n do_v show_v and_o express_v what_o be_v to_o be_v give_v and_o allow_v between_o stranger_n and_o we_o in_o account_n which_o be_v call_v the_o merchandise_n exchange_n this_o equality_n be_v know_v and_o express_v as_o aforesaid_a we_o may_v be_v deceive_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o if_o we_o watch_v not_o foreign_a mint_n by_o the_o shears_n in_o coin_v whereby_o it_o may_v come_v to_o want_v in_o weight_n though_o it_o be_v of_o equal_a fineness_n second_o by_o put_v in_o more_o alloy_n or_o copper_n into_o their_o money_n which_o be_v not_o perceive_v or_o discover_v but_o by_o trial_n in_o the_o fire_n in_o melt_v some_o part_n and_o refine_v it_o and_o compare_v the_o remainder_n of_o pure_a silver_n to_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o our_o money_n refine_v as_o they_o be_v the_o three_o be_v without_o lessen_v or_o embase_v to_o call_v any_o of_o their_o species_n high_a up_o a_o way_n common_o use_v in_o foreign_a part_n call_v denomination_n which_o must_v be_v watch_v and_o prevent_v by_o new_a expression_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a so_o often_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v cause_n by_o such_o as_o the_o king_n shall_v depute_v for_o that_o purpose_n most_o proper_a to_o the_o mint_n master_n or_o other_o skilful_a in_o mint_n cause_n this_o be_v a_o sure_a way_n of_o preserve_v our_o coin_n at_o home_n without_o which_o the_o banker_n both_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a have_v power_n to_o deceive_v our_o kingdom_n and_o lessen_v our_o kingdom_n stock_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o will_v turn_v to_o a_o fearful_a effect_n in_o time_n and_o in_o few_o word_n not_o to_o be_v express_v and_o most_o of_o all_o when_o this_o balance_n of_o trade_n be_v against_o we_o to_o our_o loss_n and_o that_o country_n that_o gain_v the_o balance_n get_v our_o money_n be_v it_o friend_n or_o enemy_n and_o if_o we_o lose_v in_o the_o total_a balance_n of_o our_o trade_n how_o shall_v we_o long_o subsist_v without_o home-poverty_n and_o consumption_n and_o in_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o balance_n of_o trade_n consist_v our_o weal_n or_o woe_n concerning_o thrift_n or_o waste_a poverty_n finis_fw-la imprimatur_fw-la tho_n wykes_n