not offer violence to the Man who once had bin his Friend that so he might perish with Famine without involving others in the guilt of his Blood and yet Eumenes after three daies languishment with hunger when his Spirits were impair'd and sunk unknown and without order from Antigonus was kill'd by his Keepers to prevent the care of tending him in following the Camp Thus Eumenes who as we told you before at twenty years of Age was receiv'd at Court withall possible demonstration of kindness who for the space of seven years was a constant Favourite and Attendant to King Philip and afterwards was admitted to the same place in Alexanders esteem and enjoy'd it thirteen years more to that degree that in his time he was constituted Master of the Horse in the SOCIAL ARMY who also after his Death was Commander in Cheif of the whole Army and either repelled the violence of his encroaching Competitors or slew them in the Fight maintaining the Boundaries and just Limits of their Power thus I say dyed this Great Commander in the forty fifth year of his Age and fell a Victim to the treachery of his Soldiers rather than overcome by the Prowess of Antigonus It is easy to judge what opinion the Officers who stiled themselves Kings after Alexander's Death had of this Mans merit and Valour by this single instance of their Pride since in his Life-time they durst not assume that swelling Title but were content with the Name and Appellation of Praefects but after his Fall took the Honour of the Name and all the outward Ornaments that belong to Soveraignty and a Crown'd Head neither did they perform what was the pretence and Ground of War The Office of Guardianship or seck to preserve the Kingdomes for Alexanders Legitimate or Natural Issue But as soon as Eumenes the only Defender and Asserter of their Cause was gone they shew'd themselves openly in their own colours and that their design was prinpally to raise and aggrandise themselves In this Conspiracy against Eumenes Antigonus Ptolemy Seleucus Lysimachus and Cassander were chiefly concern'd and passionately sought his Ruin however Antigonus had this Honour in him to give the Corps to be bury'd by his Relations Who perform'd his Funeral Rites in a Military Pomp with the Attendance of the whole Army at his Hearse and after this Ceremony was over transmitted his Urn into Cappadocia to be Religiously kept by his Wife and Children and preserv'd there THE LIFE OF PHOCION Done into English by Mr. Todd Fellow of University Coll. Oxon. PHOCION th' Athenian tho he was many times Chief Commander of the Forces of his Country and One who bore the highest Offices in the City yet is He much more known for Integrity and Agreeableness of Life then for any Military Exploits Hence 't is there is no account of These upon Record but very much said of his exact way of Living and other popular Qualities which gave him the Title of The Beneficent He was never Rich tho the several Places of Honour and Profit freely given him by the People might have plentifully fill'd his Coffers When King Philip presented him with a vast sum of Money and by his Ambassadors press'd Him earnestly to accept it advising Him withal That tho He for his own part might easily dispense with the want of it yet he ought to be concern'd for the good of his Children to whom it might be difficult in a low Ebb of Fortune to maintain the Greatness of their Fathers Character He generously refused the Present and told them If my Children prove such as my self then that small parcel of Ground will keep them that has advanc'd me to this But if they degenerate I should be loth their Luxury should be supported or encouraged at my Provision When he had enjoy'd a continu'd series of Prosperity till very near the eightieth year of his Age in his latter daies he grew extreamly out of favour with his Fellow-Citizens 'T was laid to his Charge that he conspir'd with Demades to deliver up the City to Antipater And by his Advice Demosthenes and the rest whom they now look'd upon as Persons that deserved well of the Common-wealth were by Decree of Common-Council Banish'd Nor was Male-administration his only Crime they accused him for violating the common Obligations of Friendship For whereas he had been advanc'd to those Honours which he had by the Eloquence and Interest of Demosthenes and particularly when he took his part against Cares in a Capital Cause had been defended by him and clearly brought off in open Court He did not only not defend Demosthenes but as was said perfidiously betray'd him But the Crime that most of all caus'd his Ruin was this When the Government of the City was in his hands and he had notice given by Dercyllus that Nicanor Cassanders Lieutenant General had a design to surprise Piraeus and also was desired to take special care that the City should not want Provision He said publickly in the hearing of the People thà t there was no danger at all and promis'd them that He would engage his Life for their security Not long after Nicanor took Piraeus And when the People rose in Arms to regain it without the Possession of that Fort Athens cannot long subsist he not only neglected to Summon the rest of the Citizens to their Assistance but refus'd to put himself in the head of those that were ready to make the Assault At that time there were two Factions in Athens One stood for the Liberties of the People the Other amongst whom were Phocion and Demetrius Phalereus asserted the Prerogatives of the Nobility Both courted the Protection and Favour of the Macedonians for the Cheif of the Popular Party favour'd Polypercon the Nobless sided with Cassander During these Heats Polypercon drove Cassander out of Macedonia By this Victory the People getting the upper hand immediately condemn'd all the Heads of the opposite Faction and banish'd them the City Amongst whom were Phocion and Demetrius Phalereus This done they dispatch an Express to Polypercon about the business and desire Him that he would confirm their Decree Phocion understanding this went thither in Person and as soon as he appear'd order was given that he should plead his own Cause in form indeed before King Philip but in effect before Polypercon for He was at that time Protector of the Kingdom One Agnonides accus'd him that he had betray'd Piraeus to Nicanor and thereupon by Order of Council he was committed to a Messenger and remanded to Athens that he might be proceeded against according to the Laws of his own Country At his entrance into the City by reason of an Impediment in his feet he being forc'd to be carried in a Coach there was a great concourse of People to see Him Some remembring the greatness of his former Renown extreamly pitied his old Age many were highly exasperated against him upon
prevail and be victorious Yet did not these their Successes so much encrease their Love as awaken their Fears and alienate their Affections from him for considering him to be a person of the acutest parts and most experienc'd prudence in all manner of affairs and fearing withall lest prevail'd upon by the dictates of an inbred tenderness for his Native Soil he should one time or other desert their Service and purchase a Reconciliation with his offended Country they judg'd it expedient e're this should happen to have him privately assasinated This design could not long be conceal'd from Alcibiades he being a person of so wonderful a sagacity that it was impossible for any thing to escape his knowledge especially when the least surmise or suspition had rais'd his jealousie and quicken'd his observation Withdrawing therefore privately from Lacedaemon he fled to Tissaphernes one of King Darius's Liâ—utenants with whom altho he was e're long admitted into the strictest Bonds of Friendship yet being much troubled at the rising Greatness of the Lacedaemonians and the languishing condition into which the Athenian Affairs were fall'n by their Losses in Sicily he contriv'd by special Messengers to treat with his Fellow-Citizen Pisander Praetor or Commander in Chief over the Army at Samos concerning his Pardon and Readmission into his Country Pisander's concurring with him in an aversion for the Commonalty and an equal favour for the Nobless encouraging him thereunto And altho he quickly found himself disappointed in his expectations from this man yet was he sometime after receiv'd by Thrasybulus the Son of Lycus into the Athenian Army which lay at Samos and made a principal Officer in the same nor was it long e're assisted by the influencing suffrage of Theramenes he obtain'd a publick Act of Restitution and Indemnity and was join'd in equal Commission with him and the foresaid Thrasybulus Under the Command and Conduct of these three Generals the face of Affairs in a little time appear'd wonderfully alter'd nay it was not long e're the Lacedaemonians whose Arms had hitherto been every where triumphant found themselves oblig'd to become humble Supplicants for Peace and that not without good reason having been beaten in five Land-Fights and two Engagements at Sea in which Engagements their Enemies are recorded to have taken no fewer then two hundred of their Trireme-Gallies Add to these Successes of the Athenians the Recovery of Ionia and the Hellespont with many Grecian Towns seated upon the Coast of Asia In the number of those Cities that were forceably subdu'd was Byzantium there being divers others which were won over to an Alliance by the politic Clemency with which all places were treated by them as they happen'd to be successively Conquer'd After these great Atchievements the three Generals return'd to Athens bringing back an Enrich'd and Victorious Army the same being equally Laden with Spoil and Glory But as soon as they were enter'd into the Harbour of the Piraeeum the City being in a manner deserted by its Inhabitants so great was the confluence about Alcibiades's Gally that the sight and reception of him alone seem'd to have drawn forth the gazing and transported Multitude who at this time firmly believ'd that the present happy and late calamitous condition of their Affairs were both entirely owing to him yet blaming themselves for the loss of Sicily and the victorious Exploits of the Lacedaemonians since the same were wholly to be imputed to the Expulsion of so brave a Man out of their Commonwealth Nor indeed was this an ill-grounded opinion seeing that from the very time of his Readmission into Command their Enemies could never prove an equal Match for them either by Sea or Land No sooner was he come on shore bat without the least notice taken of Theramenes and Thrasibulus who landed at the same time and had a joint interest with him in the late Atchievments the whole Body of the People crowded up towards Alcibiades many of them presenting him according to their different abilities with Coronets of Gold or Brass an Honour never done before but to such as were Victors in the Olympic Games Calling to mind his forepast Sufferings he could not abstain from Tears as he receiv'd these kind Testimonies of Reconciliation from his Fellow-Citizens and as soon as he came into the City a solemn Assembly being held he made so passionate a Speech to them that he forc'd the natural expressions of Sorrow in equal abundance from the Eyes of all that heard him those even of the most unrelenting temper among them lamenting his hard usage and declaring themselves utter Enemies to such as had procur'd his Banishment So that any man who had been a stranger to their Affairs would certainly have concluded that some other People and not the very same Persons by whom he was now surrounded had pass'd the former severe Sentence and condemn'd him of Sacrilege Hereupon his Estate which had been Confiscated was Restor'd to him by public Edict the Priests Eumolpidae being also commanded to take off his Excommunication and the Pillarson which the same had been engraven to be thrown into the Sea These obliging Smiles of kindest Fortune were of no considerable duration to Alcibiades for when the highest Honours had by solemn Decree been conferr'd upon him the Conduct and Management of all Affairs both Civil and Military being put into his hands and Thrasybulus and Adimantus at his request assign'd him for Collegues passing over with a Fleet into Asia and Fighting unsuccessfully at Cuma he fell again into the Displeasure of the Populace The reason hereof was that they universally believ'd him able to accomplish whatsoever he took in hand so that every ill Success was imputed to his Negligence or Treachery to the later of which they attributed the unprosperous Attempt made upon Cuma none of them doubting but that he could have taken the place had he not been corrupted to the betraying of his Trust by the Persian King Indeed the principal cause of the several Calamities that befell him seems to have been the extravagant opinion that all men had conceiv'd of his Valour and Prudence from whence sprung the two different Passions of Love and Fear and from whence at length it came to be generally dreaded lest pufft up with his great Successes and supported by as great Riches he should grasp at the Soveraignty and endeavour the Enslaving of their Free State These were the Considerations that induc'd them to pass a Vote for depriving him tho absent of his high Office and substituting another in his place the news whereof being brought to Alcibiades he judg'd it not expedient to return home and therefore passing over to Perinthus he compleatly fortified the three strong Holds of Bornos Bisanthe and Macronteichos and from thence marching with a sufficient Body of Men he seems to have been the first Grecian that made an Inrode into the Countries of Thrace and this he did as being unwilling to infest any part
Insolent Conceits of his own Atcheivments that with a noble Compassion he deplored the unhappy State of Greece which through its own divisions should lose the Lives of so many brave Men whose Valour if it had been plac'd on a right level and directed accordingly would inevitably have prov'd the Ruin of Persia After this having pent up the Enemy within the Walls of Corinth he was advis'd to lay close Siege to that place but Generously reply'd That it was beneath the Prudence of his Conduct so to do for altho he knew very well how to reduce a Criminal to a sense of his Duty yet he did not think the Cities of Greece proper objects of his Valour for whilst Greece fought against Greece and destroy'd its own Members whose concern against the Common Enemy the Barbarian was one and the same every Member which by this means was Rent and Torn off was lost to the whole Body whose Strength was thereby impair'd and it Incapacitated to Resist the Attempts of the Enemy who would improve the Advantage of their Divisions to their Confusion In the mean time happen'd that unfortunate Battel at Leuctra fatal to the Lacedaemonians whither Agesilaus as if he had been Conscious of the Event could not by any Art be perswaded to go but afterwards when Epaminondas had Invested the City Sparta it being at that time naked and not defended with any Wall Agesilaus behav'd himself with so much Gallantry and Resolution that in all Mens opinion if Sparta had wanted her Agesilaus she had not long been Sparta One remarkable instance there was wherein his expedite and seasonable Counsel discover'd it self to the advantage of all For when some rash young Men terrified with the report of the Thebans approach had taken up a Resolution to pass over to them and in order thereto had possess'd themselves of a Post without the City Agesilaus foreseeing the ill consequence and example of it if any of his Men should be known to go over to the Enemy He cunningly joyns himself with them commends their choice of that place where they were Posted and tells them that he himself had design'd the same before and therefore that he would be their Leader and the Companion of their Fortunes They caught with this Stratagem presently return'd to their Allegiance and having some of Agesilaus his Followers joyn'd with them lay aside all thoughts of Surrendring the place for their numbers being augmented with Men of good Experience and Conduct they durst not embrace any Treacherous design and desisted the more willingly because they thought that their Treason was not yet discover'd After the Battel of Leuctra Sparta could never recover it self or regain its pristine Majesty and Power yet Agesilaus bravely bore up under all Fortunes and never wanted a helping hand to Sublevate the sinking State Particularly when the Lacedaemonians were one time in great want for Money he by Protecting those who had been defective in their Duty and had incurr'd the censure of the Laws obtein'd great sums of Money from them all which he frankly bestow'd upon the Public And this was more signally remarkable in him that of all the Rich Presents which were given him by Kings Noble Persons or Cities which he had oblig'd he never converted any to his own private use neither did he ever deviate from the laudable Frugality and Thrift of the Spartans his Diet was homely his Apparel plain his Lodging not adorn'd with the novel Bravery of the Times but the same with that of Eurysthenes the Founder of his Family into which if you should enter you would find no provision for Lust none for Luxury but Patience was the Ornament of it Abstinence its best Furniture with these it abounded but in other things it was not distinguished from the House of a poor Man or private Person But Nature was not more indulgent to this Great Person in bestowing upon him so many Excellent Qualities of Mind then She was niggardly in dispensing the Graces of his Body for he was low of Stature and lame of one Foot which latter defect made him appear something deform'd and Strangers that beheld his face and the outward frame of his Body slighted and contemned him but those that were acquainted with the inward Accomplishments of his Mind could never admire him enough According to his former custom when he was eighty years old and was come into Egypt as Auxiliary to Thacus he lay down to sleep upon the shore amongst his Followers without any Roof above him but that of Heaven or Bed under him but the Earth which he cover'd with Straw a Beasts Skin being his Coverlet In the same manner lay all his Companions round him in mean and very contemptible Habit and which was so far from signifying the Person of a King to be amongst them that it rather gave cause to suspect him to be some despicable mean Person When the noise of his coming was bruited abroad and had reach'd the Ears of the Persian Messengers with Presents were instantly sent to him tho when they came and enquir'd which was Agesilaus they could scarce be induc'd to beleive that he was one of those that lay down in that neglected manner But when after their Complements made they had tender'd their Presents to him he only made choice of some Veal-flesh and other Victuals for present use and had distributed amongst his Servants the sweet Oyntments the Coronets with the more curious fare and reserved nothing for himself but sent back all the rest again the Barbarians then look'd upon him with greater contempt then before imputing it to his ignorance that he made choice of those less valuable things Afterwards when he left Egypt he was Presented by King Nectanabes with 220 Talents all which he liberally distributed amongst his Followers the Lacedaemonians Coming from thence into a Haven betwixt Cyrene and Egypt commonly known by the name of Menelaus his Haven he unhappily fell sick of a fatal Disease of which he dy'd His Friends in order to convey his dead Body in defect of Honey anointed it with Wax and carryed it home to Sparta THE LIFE OF EVMENES Done into English by Mr. Ch. Allestree M. A. of Ch. Ch. Coll. Oxon. EUMENES was a Native of Cardia and so eminent for Personal Courage that had his Fortune or Success been in any degree equal to it he had not 't is true been really Greater then he was because we measure the Greatness of an Hero by his inward Virtue and not by any outward circumstances of Fortune but still he had been more Honourable and Illustrious and Fame had render'd him more considerable in the Eye of of the World It was his unhappiness to be born in an Age wherein the Macedonians flourish'd and were at that heighth of Renown as to eclipse his Merit neither was it any small matter of Reproach and Detraction to him who liv'd constantly amongst them to be ignominiously upbraided with