respect_n to_o his_o quality_n and_o his_o child_n maintain_v and_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o king_n to_o these_o the_o archbishop_n add_v his_o threat_n that_o in_o case_n they_o do_v not_o comply_v and_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n mercy_n there_o be_v very_o severe_a and_o imminent_a danger_n hang_v over_o their_o head_n a_o formidable_a army_n be_v ready_a to_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o their_o country_n which_o will_v not_o only_o gall_v and_o oppress_v they_o but_o in_o all_o probability_n total_o eradicate_v the_o whole_a nation_n beside_o which_o they_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o severe_a censure_n and_o punishment_n of_o the_o church_n but_o all_o this_o can_v not_o force_v so_o unlimited_a a_o submission_n from_o the_o prince_n but_o that_o he_o will_v stick_v upon_o some_o certain_a condition_n and_o therefore_o by_o letter_n he_o acquaint_v the_o archbishop_n that_o he_o be_v with_o all_o willingness_n desirous_a to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n but_o withal_o that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o but_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o be_v safe_a and_o honest_a for_o he_o and_o because_o the_o form_n of_o submission_n contain_v in_o the_o article_n send_v to_o he_o be_v by_o himself_o and_o his_o council_n think_v pernicious_a and_o illegal_a for_o he_o to_o consent_v to_o as_o tend_v rather_o to_o the_o destruction_n than_o the_o security_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n he_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n agree_v to_o it_o and_o in_o case_n himself_o shall_v be_v willing_a the_o rest_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n will_v never_o admit_v of_o it_o as_o know_v for_o certain_a the_o mischief_n and_o inconveniency_n that_o will_v ensue_v thereby_o therefore_o he_o desire_v his_o lordship_n that_o for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o a_o honest_a and_o a_o durable_a peace_n which_o he_o have_v all_o this_o while_n earnest_o labour_v for_o he_o will_v manage_v matter_n circumspect_o and_o with_o due_a regard_n to_o the_o follow_a article_n for_o it_o be_v much_o more_o honourable_a for_o the_o king_n and_o far_o more_o consonant_a to_o reason_n that_o he_o shall_v hold_v his_o land_n in_o the_o country_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o dwell_v in_o than_o that_o by_o dispossess_v of_o he_o his_o estate_n shall_v be_v bestow_v upon_o stranger_n with_o this_o be_v send_v the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o the_o archbishops_n article_n viz._n 1._o though_o the_o king_n will_v not_o consent_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o four_o cantred_n nor_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n yet_o unless_o these_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o treaty_n the_o prince_n council_n will_v not_o conclude_v a_o peace_n by_o reason_n that_o these_o cantred_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o camber_n the_o son_n of_o brutus_n properly_z and_o legal_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n beside_o the_o confirmation_n which_o the_o present_a prince_n obtain_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o father_n at_o the_o treaty_n before_o cardinal_n ottobonus_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o letter_n patent_n do_v still_o appear_v and_o more_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v plain_o evident_a that_o it_o be_v more_o reasonable_a for_o our_o heir_n to_o hold_v the_o say_a cantred_n for_o money_n and_o other_o service_n due_a to_o the_o king_n than_o that_o stranger_n enjoy_v the_o same_o who_o will_v forcible_o abuse_v and_o oppress_v the_o people_n 2._o all_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o cantred_n of_o wales_n do_v unanimous_o declare_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o never_o from_o the_o beginning_n take_v care_n to_o observe_v either_o covenant_n oath_n or_o any_o other_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o people_n and_o because_o his_o subject_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o religion_n but_o most_o cruel_o and_o unchristian_o tyrannize_v over_o church_n and_o religious_a person_n and_o then_o for_o that_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v ourselves_o any_o way_n oblige_v thereunto_o see_v we_o be_v the_o prince_n tenant_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v the_o king_n all_o usual_a and_o accustom_a service_n 3._o as_o to_o what_o be_v require_v that_o the_o prince_n shall_v simple_o commit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n will_n we_o all_o declare_v that_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n none_o of_o we_o dare_v come_v neither_o will_v we_o permit_v our_o prince_n to_o come_v to_o he_o upon_o those_o condition_n 4._o that_o some_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n will_v endeavour_v to_o procure_v a_o provision_n of_o a_o thousand_o pound_n a_o year_n in_o england_n we_o will_v let_v they_o know_v that_o we_o can_v accept_v of_o no_o such_o pension_n because_o it_o be_v procure_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v disinherit_v themselves_o may_v obtain_v his_o land_n in_o wales_n 5._o the_o prince_n can_v in_o honesty_n resign_v his_o paternal_a inheritance_n which_o have_v for_o many_o age_n be_v enjoy_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o accept_v of_o other_o land_n among_o the_o english_a of_o who_o custom_n and_o language_n he_o be_v ignorant_a and_o upon_o that_o score_n may_v at_o length_n be_v fraudulent_o deprive_v of_o all_o by_o his_o malicious_a and_o inveterate_a enemy_n 6._o see_v the_o king_n intend_v to_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o ancient_a inheritance_n in_o wales_n where_o the_o land_n be_v more_o barren_a and_o untilled_a it_o be_v not_o very_o probable_a that_o he_o will_v bestow_v upon_o he_o a_o more_o fruitful_a and_o a_o aâ—able_a estate_n in_o england_n 7._o as_o to_o the_o clause_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n a_o perpetual_a possession_n of_o snowden_n we_o only_o affirm_v that_o see_v snowden_n essential_o belong_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n which_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v since_o brute_n the_o prince_n council_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o renounce_v it_o and_o accept_v another_o estate_n in_o england_n to_o which_o he_o have_v not_o equal_a right_n 8._o the_o people_n of_o snowden_n declare_v that_o though_o the_o prince_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n possession_n of_o it_o they_o will_v never_o own_v and_o pay_v submission_n to_o stranger_n for_o in_o so_o do_v they_o will_v bring_v upon_o themselves_o the_o same_o misery_n that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n groan_v under_o be_v most_o rude_o handle_v and_o unjust_o oppress_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n as_o woeful_o appear_v by_o their_o several_a grievance_n 9_o as_o for_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n we_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o against_o his_o will_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v a_o journey_n to_o the_o holy-land_n which_o if_o he_o happen_v to_o undertake_v hereafter_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n it_o be_v no_o cause_n that_o his_o issue_n shall_v be_v disinherit_v but_o rather_o encourage_v now_o see_v neither_o the_o prince_n nor_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o have_v move_v and_o begin_v this_o war_n but_o only_o defend_v themselves_o their_o property_n law_n and_o liberty_n from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o other_o person_n and_o since_o the_o english_a for_o either_o malice_n or_o covetousness_n to_o obtain_v our_o estate_n have_v unjust_o occasion_v all_o these_o trouble_n and_o broil_n in_o the_o kingdom_n we_o be_v assure_v that_o our_o defence_n be_v just_a and_o lawful_a and_o therein_o depend_v upon_o the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o heaven_n which_o will_v be_v most_o cruel_o revenge_v upon_o our_o sacrilegious_a and_o inhuman_a enemy_n who_o have_v leave_v no_o manner_n of_o enormity_n in_o relation_n to_o god_n and_o man_n uncommit_v therefore_o your_o grace_n will_v more_o just_o threaten_v your_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n against_o the_o author_n and_o abettor_n of_o such_o unparalleled_a villainy_n than_o the_o innocent_a sufferer_n and_o beside_o we_o much_o admire_v that_o you_o shall_v advise_v we_o to_o part_v with_o our_o own_o estate_n and_o to_o live_v among_o our_o enemy_n as_o if_o when_o we_o can_v peaceable_o enjoy_v what_o be_v our_o own_o unquestionable_a right_n we_o may_v expect_v to_o have_v quiet_a possession_n of_o another_o man_n and_o though_o as_o you_o say_v it_o be_v hard_a to_o live_v in_o war_n and_o perpetual_a danger_n yet_o much_o hard_a it_o be_v to_o be_v utter_o destroy_v and_o reduce_v to_o nothing_o especial_o when_o we_o seek_v but_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o own_o liberty_n from_o the_o insatiable_a ambition_n of_o our_o enemy_n and_o see_v your_o grace_n have_v promise_v to_o fulminate_v sentence_n against_o all_o they_o that_o either_o for_o malice_n or_o profit_n will_v hinder_v and_o obstruct_v the_o peace_n it_o be_v evident_a who_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v transgressor_n and_z delinquent_n the_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n of_o imprisonment_n
news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n be_v revolt_v and_o be_v become_v again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n this_o unwelcome_a news_n strike_v very_o deep_a in_o the_o prince_n mind_n by_o reason_n that_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n and_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o repel_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n which_o now_o he_o be_v go_v off_o can_v not_o he_o fear_v be_v so_o well_o effect_v but_o however_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o a_o bad_a market_n he_o endeavour_v to_o take_v he_o off_o from_o the_o english_a and_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o former_a allegiance_n due_a to_o himself_o as_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o send_v to_o he_o some_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n how_o that_o he_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o oppose_v the_o english_a to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o have_v deliver_v pledge_n for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o what_o he_o have_v then_o by_o oath_n engage_v in_o and_o lest_o he_o shall_v have_v forget_v what_o he_o have_v then_o promise_v he_o be_v desire_v to_o read_v his_o own_o hand_n write_v whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v very_o unjust_o violate_v both_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n but_o all_o the_o rhetoric_n the_o bishop_n can_v make_v use_n of_o be_v not_o of_o force_n enough_o to_o work_v gwenwynwyn_n to_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o aversion_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o see_v nothing_o will_v do_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v he_o incapable_a of_o serve_v the_o english_a and_o so_o enter_v powy_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n he_o subdue_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o himself_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v for_o succour_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o wales_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n of_o france_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o english_a baron_n against_o king_n john_n land_v in_o the_o island_n of_o thanet_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o london_n he_o there_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o baron_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o to_o winchester_n where_o king_n john_n then_o lay_v he_o take_v in_o his_o way_n the_o castle_n of_o rygat_n guildford_n and_o farnham_n and_o come_v to_o winchester_n have_v the_o town_n present_o surrender_v to_o he_o king_n john_n do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o abide_v his_o come_n but_o remove_v to_o hereford_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n he_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o reynold_n bruce_n desire_v their_o friendship_n and_o implore_v their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n against_o the_o french_a but_o they_o refuse_v to_o hearken_v to_o his_o proposal_n he_o destroy_v radnor_n and_o hay_n castle_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o oswestry_n which_o belong_v to_o john_n fitzalan_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o depart_v towards_o the_o north._n but_o after_o that_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n there_o and_o appoint_v governor_n in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n whilst_o he_o be_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n at_o newark_n to_o confront_v the_o baron_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o worcester_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n henry_n be_v by_o several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n proclaim_v king_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n most_o of_o the_o baron_n who_o upon_o their_o hatred_n to_o king_n john_n have_v maintain_v a_o open_a war_n against_o he_o come_v in_o and_o own_v their_o allegiance_n to_o his_o son_n henry_n though_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n to_o lewis_n the_o dauphine_n a.d._n 1217_o but_o what_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o the_o welsh_a reynald_n de_fw-fr bruce_n who_o have_v all_o this_o while_n maintain_v a_o confederacy_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father-in-law_n against_o king_n john_n underhand_o make_v his_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n but_o he_o suffer_v severe_o for_o his_o treachery_n for_o young_a rhys_n and_o owen_n his_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n see_v that_o he_o in_o who_o they_o put_v their_o great_a confidence_n have_v deceitful_o forsake_v they_o come_v upon_o he_o with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o take_v from_o he_o all_o buelht_n except_v only_o the_o castle_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v present_o make_v acquaint_v with_o bruce_n revolt_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o son-in-law_n be_v go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o go_v in_o great_a fury_n to_o brecknoc_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o town_n of_o aberhondhy_a he_o be_v with_o much_o ado_n prevail_v upon_o by_o young_a rhys_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o then_o cross_v the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o glamorgan_n call_v the_o black_a mountain_n where_o his_o carriage_n suffer_v very_o much_o he_o come_v to_o gwyr_n and_o encamp_v at_o lhangruc_n reynald_n bruce_n with_o six_o knight_n in_o his_o company_n come_v to_o meet_v he_o desire_v his_o pardon_n for_o his_o pass_a offence_n assure_v he_o that_o for_o the_o future_a he_o will_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o will_v to_o his_o endeavour_n assist_v he_o against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v too_o good_a nature_a to_o reject_v his_o submission_n and_o so_o do_v not_o only_o receive_v he_o to_o his_o favour_n but_o bestow_v upon_o he_o also_o the_o castle_n of_o senghennyth_n which_o reynald_n commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o rhys_n fychan_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v settle_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n in_o gwyr_n march_v to_o dyfed_a and_o be_v at_o cefn_n cynwarchan_n the_o fleming_n send_v their_o agent_n to_o he_o to_o desire_v peace_n which_o the_o prince_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o always_o adhere_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n will_v not_o grant_v they_o and_o so_o young_a rhys_n have_v the_o first_o man_n pass_v the_o river_n cledeu_n to_o storm_n the_o town_n jorwerth_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o clergy_n come_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o entreat_v for_o a_o peace_n for_o the_o fleming_n which_o after_o a_o long_a debate_n be_v grant_v and_o conclude_v upon_o these_o term_n first_o that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rhô_n and_o the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o ever_o after_o acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n second_o that_o towards_o the_o defray_n of_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o expedition_n they_o shall_v pay_v one_o thousand_o mark_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o before_o the_o ensue_a feast_n of_o st._n michael_n three_o that_o for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o twenty_o hostage_n who_o be_v to_o be_v some_o of_o the_o most_o principal_a person_n in_o their_o country_n then_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v now_o bring_v all_o wales_n subject_n to_o himself_o and_o put_v matter_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n in_o south_n wales_n return_v to_o north-wales_n have_v purchase_v very_o considerable_a honour_n and_o esteem_v for_o his_o martial_a achievement_n in_o this_o expedition_n and_o now_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v and_o the_o welsh_a in_o good_a hope_n of_o a_o durable_a freedom_n from_o all_o trouble_n and_o hostility_n another_o accident_n unhappy_o fall_v out_o to_o cross_v their_o expectation_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n perceive_v the_o english_a baron_n to_o slight_a and_o forsake_v he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o then_o the_o baron_n the_o king_n promise_v to_o answer_v all_o their_o request_n and_o to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n make_v their_o submission_n without_o include_v the_o welsh_a in_o their_o article_n they_o have_v all_o this_o while_n glad_o embrace_v the_o friendship_n and_o aid_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o now_o upon_o their_o reconciliation_n to_o the_o king_n think_v they_o have_v no_o far_o need_v of_o he_o they_o very_o base_o forsake_v he_o who_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a support_n and_o succour_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o conspire_v together_o to_o convert_v their_o arm_n against_o wales_n think_v they_o can_v without_o any_o breach_n of_o equity_n or_o conscience_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o make_v addition_n to_o what_o some_o of_o they_o have_v already_o unjust_o possess_v themselves_o of_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n open_v the_o scene_n and_o come_v unexpected_o upon_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n of_o caerlheon_n but_o he_o
nobleman_n offer_v to_o be_v security_n and_o bind_v themselves_o by_o their_o several_a write_n but_o as_o if_o all_o thing_n have_v conspire_v together_o against_o prince_n david_n appendix_n see_v appendix_n several_a person_n that_o have_v be_v at_o continual_a variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o to_o this_o time_n be_v now_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o equal_o favour_v gruffydh_n cause_n make_v friend_n among_o one_o another_o morgan_z ap_fw-mi howel_n lord_n of_o cery_n make_v his_o reconciliation_n to_o sir_n ralph_n mortimer_n appendix_n see_v appendix_n and_o his_o submission_n to_o king_n henry_n in_o a_o very_a solemn_a manner_n in_o the_o same_o form_n several_a other_o of_o the_o nobility_n submit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o owen_z ap_fw-mi howel_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maelgon_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n howel_n ap_fw-mi cadwalhon_n and_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi howel_n david_n find_v himself_o thus_o relinquish_v by_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o 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seize_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o welsh_a at_o his_o pleasure_n tell_v he_o moreover_o that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father_n have_v leave_v he_o and_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n to_o which_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v the_o yearly_a sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o this_o payment_n the_o pope_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a glad_o accept_v of_o the_o offer_n and_o thereupon_o give_v commission_n to_o the_o two_o abbot_n of_o aberconwey_n and_o cymer_n to_o absolve_v david_n from_o his_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o whole_a estate_n of_o the_o quarrel_n to_o transmit_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o he_o the_o abbot_n appendâ—x_n see_v appendâ—x_n according_a to_o their_o commission_n direct_v a_o very_a positive_a mandate_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n 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be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o hereford_n john_n de_fw-fr monmouth_n roger_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi and_o other_o who_o injure_v and_o oppress_v his_o people_n with_o who_o he_o fight_v divers_a time_n and_o with_o various_a success_n a.d._n 1245_o but_o in_o the_o lent-time_n next_o year_n the_o marcher_n and_o the_o welsh_a meet_v near_o montgomery_n between_o who_o be_v fight_v a_o very_a severe_a battle_n the_o governor_n of_o that_o castle_n be_v general_n of_o the_o english_a and_o have_v â—unningly_o place_v a_o ambuscade_n of_o man_n pretend_a â—fter_o some_o short_a engagement_n to_o flee_v who_o the_o welsh_a dare_o pursue_v not_o think_v of_o any_o treachery_n bat_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v past_o the_o ambushment_n â—p_n rise_v a_o unexpected_a party_n of_o man_n who_o fall_v upâ—n_v the_o back_n of_o the_o welsh_a put_v they_o to_o a_o very_a great_a â—isorder_n and_o kill_v about_o three_o hundred_o
time_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n but_o lord_n james_n audley_n who_o daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n do_v more_o mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v bring_v over_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n from_o germany_n to_o serve_v against_o the_o welsh_a so_o terrify_v they_o with_o the_o unusual_a largeness_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o unaccustomed_a manner_n of_o sight_v that_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_v the_o welsh_a be_v easy_o overcome_v buâ—_n mind_v to_o revenge_v this_o disgrace_n and_o withal_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o their_o method_n of_o arm_n the_o welsh_a in_o a_o little_a after_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o lord_n audley_n land_n where_o the_o german_n present_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o pursue_v they_o to_o certain_a strait_n which_o the_o welsh_a discover_v for_o a_o politic_a retreat_n the_o german_n think_v they_o have_v entire_o drive_v the_o welsh_a away_o return_v careless_o back_o but_o 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without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n send_v meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n to_o emlyn_n if_o possible_a to_o conclude_v the_o same_o but_o patrick_n mean_v no_o such_o thing_n lay_v a_o ambuscade_n for_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v honest_o forward_o be_v by_o the_o way_n villanous_o set_v upon_o by_o the_o english_a and_o a_o great_a many_o slay_v but_o those_o that_o happy_o escape_v call_v up_o the_o country_n present_o give_v chase_v to_o patrick_n and_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v at_o length_n overtake_v be_v almost_o all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v now_o altogether_o bend_v upon_o a_o peace_n and_o do_v not_o only_o desire_v it_o but_o be_v willing_a to_o purchase_v it_o for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o offer_v to_o give_v the_o king_n 4000_o mark_n to_o his_o son_n 300_o and_o 200_o to_o the_o queen_n which_o the_o king_n utter_o refuse_v reply_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a 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the_o king_n of_o england_n quarrel_n have_v forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o buelht_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n take_v the_o castle_n where_o be_v find_v a_o plentiful_a magazine_n he_o march_v through_o all_o south-wales_n confirm_v his_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aber_n a.d._n 1261_o betwixt_o bangor_n and_o conwey_n the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1262_o owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n die_v but_o the_o next_o summer_n be_v somewhat_o more_o note_v for_o action_n a_o party_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n man_n take_v by_o surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o melienyth_n belong_v to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n and_o have_a put_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n they_o take_v howel_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n the_o governor_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n prisoner_n and_o after_o that_o the_o castle_n be_v demolish_v by_o the_o prince_n order_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n hear_v of_o this_o with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o lord_n and_o knight_n come_v to_o melienyth_n where_o prince_n lhewelyn_n meet_v he_o burr_n sir_n roger_n not_o dare_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n plant_v himself_o within_o the_o ruin_n and_o find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o good_a desire_a leave_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o retire_v peaceable_o the_o prince_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o relation_n and_o near_a consanguinity_n betwixt_o they_o and_o withal_o because_o he_o will_v not_o be_v so_o mean_v spirit_v as_o to_o fall_v upon_o a_o enemy_n who_o have_v no_o power_n to_o resist_v he_o let_v he_o safe_o depart_v with_o his_o force_n and_o then_o pass_v on_o himself_o to_o brecknock_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n who_o swear_v fidelity_n unto_o he_o so_o pass_v on_o and_o return_v to_o noâ—th-wales_n and_o now_o be_v confederate_a with_o the_o baron_n against_o king_n henry_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o practice_v something_o in_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a and_o so_o set_v upon_o the_o earldom_n of_o chester_n destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o tygannâ—y_n and_o diserth_n belong_v to_o edward_n who_o come_v thither_o be_v yet_o not_o able_a to_o prevent_v the_o mischief_n do_v a.d._n 1263_o to_o he_o by_o the_o welsh_a the_o next_o year_n john_n strange_a junior_n constable_n of_o montgomery_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o marcher_n come_v a_o little_a before_o easter_n by_o night_n through_o ceri_fw-la to_o cydewen_n intend_v to_o surprise_v the_o castle_n which_o when_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n understand_v they_o gather_v together_o and_o set_v upon_o they_o slay_v 200_o of_o his_o man_n but_o strange_a with_o a_o few_o get_v safe_o back_o within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o marcher_n and_o the_o welsh_a meet_v again_o near_o a_o place_n call_v clun_n where_o a_o hot_a engagement_n happen_v between_o they_o in_o which_o the_o welsh_a be_v worsted_n
both_o of_o england_n and_o wales_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sad_a consequence_n of_o another_o war_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v prevent_v but_o by_o use_v we_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o former_a peace_n which_o for_o our_o part_n we_o will_v in_o no_o measure_n transgress_v but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o your_o counsel_n we_o hope_v that_o you_o will_v hâ—ld_v we_o excuse_v if_o the_o nation_n be_v disquiet_v and_o trouble_v thereupon_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v king_n edward_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n noâ—_n harken_v to_o any_o manner_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o case_n but_o be_v unmerciful_o enrage_v and_o conceive_v a_o unpardonable_a displeasure_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o yet_o he_o think_v convenient_a to_o conceal_v and_o dissemble_v for_o a_o time_n indeed_o he_o can_v never_o abide_v lhewelyn_n â—â—nce_v the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o â—ight_n by_o he_o at_o the_o march_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a cause_n â—f_a king_n edward_n anger_n original_o proceed_v from_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o honour_n which_o this_o refusal_n of_o homage_n â—â—rved_v sufficient_o to_o increase_v but_o to_o prosecute_v his_o revenge_n which_o upon_o this_o score_n be_v in_o prince_n very_o â—erce_a and_o unforgetful_a in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o come_v to_o â—hester_n mean_v to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o he_o can_v â—ot_n obtain_v by_o fair_a mean_n from_o hence_o he_o send_v to_o â—â—e_z prince_n of_o wales_n require_v he_o to_o come_v over_o and_o 〈◊〉_d he_o homage_n which_o lhewelyn_n either_o absolute_o reâ—â—sing_v or_o willing_o detract_n to_o do_v king_n edwardâ—ade_v â—ade_z ready_a his_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o it_o but_o there_o a.d._n 1277_o â—â—ppened_v a_o accident_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o â—rince_n lhewelyn_n stubborness_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o countess_n of_o leicester_n the_o widow_n of_o simon_n montfortâ—ho_n â—ho_z live_v at_o montargis_n a_o nunnery_n in_o france_n send_v over_o 〈◊〉_d wales_n her_o daughter_n the_o lady_n eleanor_n who_o â—hewelyn_n extreme_o love_v with_o her_o brother_n aemeâ—ke_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o her_o father_n earl_n montfort_n time_n â—ut_fw-la aemerike_n fear_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o â—ngland_n steer_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n of_o scilly_a where_o by_o the_o way_n they_o be_v all_o take_v by_o four_o bristol_n ship_n and_o bring_v to_o king_n edward_n who_o receive_v the_o lady_n very_o honourable_o but_o commit_v her_o â—â—other_n prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o coff_n whence_o he_o be_v afterwards_o remove_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o shirburne_n the_o â—ing_n have_v obtain_v this_o unexpected_a advantage_n over_o â—hewelyn_n begin_v bold_o to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o so_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battalion_n lead_v one_o himself_o â—â—to_o north-wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o ruthlan_n where_o he_o strong_o fortify_v the_o castle_n the_o other_o he_o ommit_v to_o paganus_fw-la de_fw-la camurtiis_fw-la a_o great_a soldier_n â—ho_n enter_v into_o west-wales_n burn_v and_o destroy_v 〈◊〉_d great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n of_o south-wales_n fear_v that_o his_o next_o expedition_n be_v level_v â—gainst_a they_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o â—ing_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n and_o then_o deliver_v â—_z castle_n of_o ystratywy_a to_o paganus_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v of_o this_o and_o find_v his_o own_o subject_n to_o forsake_v he_o but_o more_o especial_o be_v desirous_a to_o recover_v his_o espouse_v the_o lady_n eleanor_n think_v it_o likewise_o advisable_v to_o submit_v and_o therefore_o sue_v to_o king_n edward_n for_o a_o peace_n who_o grant_v it_o but_o upon_o very_o severe_a condition_n upon_o lhewelyns_n side_n the_o agreement_n consist_v of_o ten_o article_n which_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v set_v at_o liberty_n all_o manner_n of_o prisoner_n that_o upon_o the_o king_n account_n be_v detain_v in_o custody_n 2._o that_o for_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o good_a will_n he_o shall_v pay_v 50000_o mark_n to_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n 3._o that_o these_o four_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o viz._n cantref_n ros_n where_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o teganwy_n stand_v ryfonioc_n where_o denbigh_n tegengl_n where_o ruthlan_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n where_o rhuthyn_n stand_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n 4._o that_o the_o lord_n marcher_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v all_o the_o land_n they_o have_v conquer_v within_o wales_n except_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v whole_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n 5._o that_o in_o consideration_n of_o this_o island_n the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v 5000_o mark_n in_o hand_n with_o the_o reserve_n of_o a_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a to_o begin_v at_o michaelmas_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o whole_a island_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n 6._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v come_v every_o year_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v his_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o his_o land_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n except_v five_o in_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o 8._o that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n shall_v remain_v only_o for_o his_o life_n and_o not_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o five_o lord_n of_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n only_o from_o the_o king_n 9_o that_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o prince_n shall_v deliver_v up_o for_o hostage_n ten_o person_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n in_o the_o country_n without_o imprison_v disinherit_n and_o any_o time_n of_o redemption_n determine_v and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v choose_v twenty_o person_n within_o north-wales_n who_o beside_o the_o prince_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n shall_v swerve_v and_o recede_v from_o they_o and_o upon_o admonition_n â—hereof_o not_o repent_v they_o shall_v forsake_v he_o and_o become_v his_o enemy_n 10._o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—uffer_v his_o brethren_n quiet_o to_o enjoy_v their_o land_n in_o wales_n whereof_o david_n for_o his_o service_n be_v dub_v knight_n by_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o earl_n of_o derby_n widow_n give_v he_o in_o matrimony_n and_o with_o she_o as_o 〈◊〉_d portion_n the_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n in_o north-wales_n beâ—ides_v a_o 1000_o pound_n in_o land_n his_o other_o brother_n roderic_n be_v late_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n into_o england_n â—nd_v the_o young_a call_v owen_n be_v upon_o his_o composition_n deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n king_n edward_n have_v impose_v these_o severe_a and_o unmerciful_a condition_n upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o for_o a_o better_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberystwyth_n return_v very_o honourable_o into_o england_n upon_o who_o arrival_n the_o people_n willing_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n towards_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o war._n but_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submit_v to_o these_o intolerable_a condition_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o amour_n and_o to_o regain_v the_o lady_n eleanora_n out_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hand_n than_o that_o he_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o any_o considerable_a danger_n he_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o english_a troop_n for_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o a_o prince_n of_o such_o notorious_a conduct_n and_o valour_n will_v so_o easy_o accept_v of_o such_o hard_a term_n and_o in_o a_o measure_n deliver_v up_o his_o principality_n when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n so_o to_o do_v without_o resist_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v frequent_o overcome_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v back_o with_o great_a inequality_n than_o the_o english_a have_v at_o present_a over_o he_o but_o the_o force_n of_o â—ove_n work_v wonder_n and_o in_o this_o case_n prove_v moâ—t_n irresistible_a which_o to_o obtain_v lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v hard_a to_o forfeit_v his_o proper_a right_n to_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o for_o ever_o to_o exclude_v his_o posterity_n from_o succeed_v in_o their_o lawful_a inheritance_n the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1273_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o wish_n accomplish_v and_o be_v marry_v to_o eleanora_n at_o worcester_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o england_n honour_v the_o wedding_n with_o their_o presence_n but_o this_o specious_a amity_n and_o the_o peace_n laâ—â—_n conclude_v betwixt_o they_o
bury_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o gutryn_n owen_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n iu._n and_o write_v the_o most_o exact_a and_o perfect_a copy_n of_o the_o same_o all_o the_o most_o notable_a occurrence_n be_v thus_o register_v in_o these_o abbey_n be_v most_o general_o compare_v together_o every_o three_o year_n when_o the_o beirdh_n or_o bard_n belong_v to_o these_o two_o house_n go_v their_o ordinary_a visitation_n which_o be_v call_v clera_n and_o this_o continue_a until_o the_o year_n 1270._o a_o little_a before_o the_o death_n of_o the_o last_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v slay_v at_o buelht_n humphrey_n lloyd_n gent._n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o one_o great_o skill_a in_o the_o british_a antiquity_n continue_v this_o history_n to_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o afterward_o have_v translate_v the_o whole_a into_o english_a language_n have_v design_v to_o commit_v it_o to_o the_o press_n but_o his_o death_n prevent_v what_o he_o purpose_v and_o stop_v the_o publication_n of_o this_o history_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o until_o david_n powel_n d._n d._n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n have_v meet_v with_o humphrey_n lloyd_n transtation_n collect_v what_o he_o can_v out_o of_o english_a historian_n which_o he_o add_v by_o way_n of_o annotation_n and_o so_o publish_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1584._o this_o be_v the_o sole_a history_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o only_a edition_n of_o this_o history_n i_o be_v move_v to_o prepare_v it_o for_o another_o impression_n by_o a_o new_a model_v the_o language_n make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o history_n entire_a without_o trouble_v the_o reader_n to_o see_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o annotation_n dr._n powel_n note_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o a_o repetition_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n of_o fact_n out_o of_o the_o english_a historian_n with_o what_o other_o improvement_n can_v be_v make_v the_o addition_n which_o i_o make_v to_o the_o former_a history_n i_o chief_o take_v out_o of_o the_o note_n of_o that_o late_a great_a antiquarian_a mr._n robert_n vaughan_n of_o hengwrt_n by_o who_o help_n also_o i_o have_v correct_v supply_v and_o continue_v the_o chronology_n sir_n john_n price_n description_n of_o wales_n will_v pretty_a well_o answer_v the_o geographical_a part_n of_o this_o history_n till_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o recover_v and_o fix_v several_a of_o those_o place_n who_o name_n be_v only_o leave_v to_o we_o at_o present_a which_o we_o have_v great_a hope_n will_v be_v successful_o perfect_v by_o the_o unwearied_a labour_n of_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n edward_n lhwyd_n in_o his_o intend_a etymological_a dictionary_n i_o have_v add_v by_o way_n of_o appendix_n the_o several_a record_n belong_v to_o this_o history_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o insert_v the_o article_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o john_n peckam_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o original_a with_o reference_n thereunto_o than_o to_o insert_v all_o the_o grievance_n which_o the_o welsh_a then_o make_v in_o the_o english_a language_n which_o do_v not_o so_o bandsom_o bear_v a_o translation_n a_o description_n of_o cambria_n now_o call_v wales_n draw_v first_o by_o sir_n john_n price_n knight_n and_o afterward_o augment_v and_o make_v perfect_a by_o humphrey_n lloyd_n gentleman_n the_o three_o son_n of_o brutus_n have_v divide_v the_o whole_a isle_n of_o britain_n into_o three_o part_n that_o part_n contain_v within_o the_o french_a sea_n with_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n call_v in_o british_a hafren_n dea_n and_o humber_n fall_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n lorinus_n which_o be_v after_o his_o name_n call_v lhoyger_n which_o name_v it_o have_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n to_o this_o day_n and_o in_o english_a now_o it_o be_v call_v england_n and_o 〈◊〉_d augment_v northward_o to_o the_o river_n tweed_n the_o â—econd_a son_n albanactus_n have_v all_o the_o land_n northward_o from_o humber_n to_o the_o sea_n orkney_n call_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n mor_fw-mi werydh_fw-mi and_o in_o the_o latin_a mare_n calodonioum_n the_o three_o son_n camber_n have_v to_o his_o part_n all_o that_o which_o remain_v undivided_a lie_v within_o the_o spanish_a and_o irish_a sea_n cambria_n cambria_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n with_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o dee_n and_o this_o part_n be_v after_o his_o name_n call_v cambria_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o cambry_a and_o their_o language_n camberaâ—c_n and_o so_o be_v at_o this_o day_n so_o that_o they_o have_v keep_v the_o same_o country_n and_o language_n this_o 2700_o and_o odd_a year_n without_o commixtion_n with_o any_o other_o nation_n especial_o in_o north-wales_n as_o it_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v and_o because_o the_o name_n of_o this_o country_n be_v change_v or_o rather_o mistake_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n and_o not_o by_o they_o call_v cambry_a but_o wales_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o declare_v the_o occasion_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o where_o the_o saxon_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n be_v the_o first_o that_o after_o the_o britain_n inhabit_a and_o rule_v the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o isle_n and_o drive_v the_o britain_n to_o that_o corner_n which_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o country_n they_o call_v wales_n and_o the_o people_n welshman_n and_o the_o tongue_n welch_n that_o be_v to_o say_v strange_a or_o not_o of_o they_o understand_v for_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o low_a country_n call_v their_o next_o neighbour_n language_n of_o henegaw_n or_o other_o that_o speak_v french_a welsh_a as_o a_o language_n to_o they_o unknown_a likewise_o the_o dweller_n of_o tyroll_n and_o other_o the_o high_a country_n of_o germany_n do_v name_n the_o italian_a their_o next_o neighbour_n a_o welshman_n and_o his_o language_n walsh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o evident_a proof_n that_o they_o which_o harp_v upon_o a_o queen_n gwalaes_n and_o of_o a_o prince_n wala_n of_o who_o neither_o british_a latin_a nor_o english_a history_n make_v mention_v be_v foul_o deceive_v and_o so_o likewise_o be_v a_o great_a historiographer_n of_o late_a day_n which_o say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v wallia_fw-la quasi_fw-la italia_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o isle_n be_v drive_v thither_o neither_o be_v this_o any_o new_a invention_n although_o polydore_n virgil_n with_o a_o italian_a brag_n do_v glorify_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o espy_v it_o out_o for_o divers_a ancient_a writer_n do_v allege_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o the_o name_n of_o wales_n of_o who_o sylvester_n gyraldus_n be_v one_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o after_o the_o conquest_n before_o 380_o year_n pass_v which_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o the_o say_v polydore_n do_v either_o neâ—er_n see_v nor_o read_v the_o ancient_a history_n of_o this_o realm_n â—r_o dissemble_v the_o same_o to_o the_o advancement_n and_o praise_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n which_o to_o the_o â—earned_a and_o indifferent_a reader_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o â—nly_a occasion_n he_o take_v that_o work_n in_o hand_n for_o all_o his_o â—ook_n redound_v only_o to_o the_o praise_n and_o honour_n of_o â—he_n roman_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a and_o to_o â—lase_v forth_o their_o act_n and_o deed_n within_o this_o realm_n â—nd_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n do_v either_o open_o slander_n â—r_o else_o privy_o extenuate_v or_o shameful_o deny_v the_o marâ—ial_a prowess_n and_o noble_a act_n as_o well_o of_o saxon_n dane_n â—nd_n norman_n as_o of_o the_o britain_n all_o inhabiter_n of_o this_o â—sle_n which_o thing_n he_o that_o lift_v to_o prove_v let_v he_o read_v â—nd_n confer_v caesar_n commentary_n cornelius_n tacitus_n herodianus_n and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n as_o well_o in_o latin_a as_o in_o greek_a with_o his_o work_n as_o for_o the_o antiâ—ent_a writer_n of_o the_o british_a history_n as_o the_o british_a chronicle_n the_o history_n of_o gildas_n ponticus_n vorunnius_n â—ea_o the_o golden_a work_n of_o matthew_n paris_n monk_n of_o st._n alban_n which_o write_v from_o william_n bastard_n to_o the_o â—ast_a year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o i_o dare_v well_o say_v he_o â—ever_o see_v they_o they_o be_v in_o divers_a place_n to_o be_v have_v â—o_o that_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v to_o make_v â—n_a end_n i_o say_v that_o he_o be_v first_o a_o stranger_n bear_v and_o also_o ignorant_a as_o well_o in_o the_o history_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o â—f_o those_o tongue_n and_o language_n wherein_o the_o same_o be_v write_v can_v never_o set_v forth_o the_o true_a and_o perfect_a chronicle_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o have_v a_o good_a grace_n and_o a_o pleasant_a style_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n and_o find_v himself_o in_o a_o country_n
upon_o he_o the_o management_n of_o it_o but_o the_o norman_n in_o rydcors_n castle_n be_v sensible_a that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n against_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n in_o open_a field_n after_o their_o accustom_a manner_n begin_v to_o put_v that_o in_o execution_n by_o treachery_n which_o they_o can_v not_o compass_v by_o force_n of_o arms._n and_o how_o to_o make_v howel_n a_o sacrifice_n to_o those_o norman_n he_o have_v late_o slay_v they_o can_v find_v no_o safe_a way_n than_o by_o corrupt_v one_o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n a_o man_n in_o great_a favour_n and_o esteem_v with_o howel_n upon_o the_o account_n chief_o that_o one_o of_o his_o child_n be_v nurse_v by_o gwgan_n wife_n this_o ungrateful_a villain_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o wicked_a intrigue_n the_o more_o unsuspected_a give_v howel_n a_o very_a earnest_a invitation_n to_o his_o house_n to_o a_o merriment_n where_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n be_v come_v he_o be_v welcome_v with_o all_o the_o seem_a affection_n and_o kindness_n imaginable_a but_o no_o soon_o be_v he_o settle_v a.d._n 1103_o but_o gwgan_n give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o norman_a garrison_n and_o therefore_o by_o break_n of_o day_n they_o enter_v the_o town_n and_o come_v about_o the_o house_n where_o howel_n lie_v in_o bed_n they_o present_o give_v a_o great_a shout_n howel_n hear_v the_o noise_n suspect_v something_o of_o mischief_n and_o therefore_o leap_v in_o all_o haste_n out_o of_o bed_n he_o make_v to_o his_o weapon_n but_o can_v not_o find_v they_o by_o reason_n that_o gwgan_n have_v convey_v they_o away_o whilst_o he_o be_v asleep_a and_o now_o be_v assure_v of_o treachery_n in_o the_o case_n and_o find_v that_o his_o man_n have_v flee_v for_o their_o life_n he_o endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n but_o gwgan_n and_o his_o company_n be_v too_o quick_a for_o he_o and_o so_o be_v secure_v they_o strangle_v he_o and_o deliver_v his_o body_n to_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v cut_v off_o his_o head_n convey_v it_o to_o the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n this_o most_o villainous_a murder_n so_o barbarous_o commit_v upon_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o king_n henry_n be_v so_o unreasonable_o prejudice_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o norman_n that_o whatever_o misdemeanour_n be_v it_o of_o never_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n be_v by_o they_o commit_v it_o be_v present_o wink_v at_o and_o let_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n whereas_o if_o the_o welsh_a trespass_v but_o against_o the_o least_o injunction_n of_o the_o king_n law_n they_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o afterward_o stand_v up_o against_o the_o king_n in_o their_o own_o defence_n be_v by_o experience_n assure_v that_o he_o mind_v nothing_o more_o than_o their_o utter_a destruction_n about_o this_o time_n anselm_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n convene_v a_o synod_n at_o london_n wherein_o among_o other_o injunction_n then_o decree_v the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v enjoin_v marriage_n be_v before_o ever_o allow_v of_o in_o britain_n to_o they_o in_o holy_a order_n but_o this_o new_a injunction_n create_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o heat_n and_o animosity_n among_o the_o clergy_n some_o approve_v of_o it_o as_o reasonable_a and_o orthodoxical_a other_o condemn_v it_o as_o a_o innovation_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a letter_n of_o scripture_n but_o during_o these_o dispute_n between_o the_o clergy_n king_n henry_n be_v now_o in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n sail_v over_o with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o normandy_n where_o his_o brother_n robert_n together_o with_o robert_n de_fw-fr belesmo_n arnulph_n and_o william_n earl_n of_o mortaign_n give_v he_o battle_n but_o the_o king_n have_v obtain_v the_o victory_n take_v the_o duke_n his_o brother_n with_o william_n of_o mortaign_n prisoner_n and_o carry_v they_o into_o england_n he_o cause_v first_o his_o brother_n robert_n eye_n to_o be_v pluck_v out_o and_o then_o condemn_v they_o a.d._n 1104_o both_o to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o cardyff_fw-mi about_o the_o same_o time_n meyric_n and_o gruffydh_n the_o son_n of_o trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n be_v both_o slay_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o uncle_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o have_v be_v prisoner_n for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o england_n now_o break_v open_v the_o prison_n wherein_o he_o be_v very_o narrow_o confine_v and_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n have_v his_o estate_n restore_v which_o afterward_o he_o quiet_o enjoy_v a.d._n 1105_o the_o next_o year_n a_o very_a dismal_a and_o calamitous_a accident_n happen_v in_o the_o low-countries_n prove_v very_o incommodious_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o welsh_a for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o flanders_n be_v drown_v by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v compel_v d_o to_o seek_v for_o some_o other_o country_n to_o dwell_v in_o their_o own_o be_v now_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o therefore_o a_o great_a many_o be_v come_v over_o to_o england_n they_o request_v of_o king_n henry_n to_o assign_v they_o some_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v empty_a and_o void_a of_o inhabitant_n where_o they_o may_v settle_v and_o plant_v themselves_o the_o king_n take_v advantage_n of_o this_o charitable_a opportunity_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n assure_v that_o these_o fleming_n will_v be_v a_o considerable_a thorn_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o welsh_a bestow_v upon_o they_o very_o liberal_o what_o be_v not_o just_o in_o his_o power_n to_o give_v and_o appoint_v they_o the_o country_n of_o ros_n in_o dyfed_a or_o west-wales_n where_o they_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n but_o gerald_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o those_o part_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v aforehand_o with_o they_o and_o rebuilt_a the_o castle_n of_o pembrock_n in_o a_o place_n call_v congarth_n fechan_n whither_o he_o remove_v his_o family_n and_o all_o his_o good_n 1106._o a._n d._n 1106._o but_o here_o a_o very_a unfortunate_a accident_n happen_v to_o he_o for_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n have_v prepare_v a_o sumptuous_a feast_n in_o the_o christmas_n invite_v all_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o countryhouse_n in_o dyfed_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n his_o son_n owen_n who_o live_v in_o powy_n this_o young_a gentleman_n be_v at_o his_o father_n house_n and_o hear_v nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n universal_o praise_v for_o her_o incomparable_a beauty_n be_v so_o smite_v with_o the_o rumour_n that_o go_v abroad_o of_o she_o that_o by_o all_o mean_v he_o must_v see_v the_o lady_n who_o be_v by_o all_o so_o much_o admire_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o gwladys_n wife_n to_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n and_o mother_n to_o nest_n be_v the_o daughter_n of_o râ—walhon_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n cousin-german_a to_o cadwgan_n his_o father_n under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o relation_n he_o make_v bold_a to_o pay_v she_o a_o visit_n but_o find_v the_o truth_n far_o to_o surpass_v the_o fame_n that_o go_v of_o she_o he_o return_v home_o so_o inflame_v with_o her_o charm_n that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o mastery_n over_o himself_o he_o go_v back_o again_o the_o very_a same_o night_n and_o be_v attend_v by_o a_o company_n of_o wild_a headstrong_a youth_n they_o privy_o enter_v into_o the_o castle_n and_o encompass_v the_o chamber_n about_o where_o gerald_n and_o his_o wife_n lie_v they_o set_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n gerald_n hear_v a_o noise_n will_v fain_o go_v out_o to_o know_v the_o meaning_n of_o such_o unseasonable_a disturbance_n but_o his_o wife_n fear_v some_o treachery_n persuade_v he_o to_o make_v as_o private_a a_o escape_n as_o he_o can_v and_o then_o pull_v up_o a_o board_n in_o the_o privy_a let_v he_o go_v that_o way_n then_o return_v to_o her_o chamber_n she_o will_v fain_o assure_v those_o notorious_a youth_n that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n beside_o herself_o and_o child_n there_o but_o this_o be_v not_o satifactory_a they_o forcible_o break_v in_o and_o have_v search_v every_o the_o most_o private_a corner_n and_o not_o find_v gerald_n they_o take_v his_o wife_n and_o two_o son_n with_o a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n bear_v by_o a_o concubine_n and_o carry_v they_o away_o to_o powy_n have_v first_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o castle_n and_o destroy_v the_o country_n as_o they_o go_v along_o cadwgan_n owen_n father_n hear_v of_o what_o outrageous_a crime_n his_o son_n have_v commit_v be_v exceed_o concern_v and_o sorry_a chief_o because_o hereby_o he_o be_v like_a to_o incur_v king_n henry_n great_a displeasure_n and_o therefore_o he_o go_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o powy_n and_o desire_v his_o son_n with_o all_o entreaty_n to_o send_v home_o to_o gerald_n his_o wife_n and_o child_n with_o whatever_o else_o he_o have_v take_v
dinerth_n and_o trahaern_v ap_fw-mi ithel_n which_o three_o person_n have_v forsake_v dyfe_v by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v so_o thwack_v with_o norman_n fleming_n and_o english_a men._n nor_o be_v cardigan_n free_a from_o stranger_n who_o pretend_v to_o sway_v and_o rule_v the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n bear_v in_o mind_n the_o continual_a wrong_n and_o oppression_n they_o receive_v from_o they_o bear_v a_o inveterate_a hatred_n to_o they_o and_o be_v very_o glad_a to_o be_v deliver_v from_o their_o insolent_a and_o imperious_a oppressor_n for_o king_n henry_n what_o by_o force_n and_o banishment_n of_o those_o that_o stand_v up_o stiff_a for_o their_o liberty_n and_o what_o by_o corrupt_v of_o those_o that_o be_v waver_v have_v bring_v all_o that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n and_o bestow_v what_o land_n he_o think_v fit_a upon_o his_o english_a or_o norman_a favourite_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o english_a in_o this_o country_n gruffydh_n be_v not_o a_o whit_n cast_v down_o but_o bold_o come_v on_o to_o cardigan_n iscoed_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o a_o fort_n that_o earl_n gilbert_n and_o the_o fleming_n have_v build_v at_o a_o place_n call_v blaen_fw-la porth_n gwythan_n after_o divers_a assault_n and_o the_o kill_n of_o several_a of_o the_o besiege_a with_o the_o loss_n only_o of_o one_o of_o his_o man_n gruffydh_n take_v the_o place_n and_o rase_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n bring_v all_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o to_o subjection_n this_o action_n prove_v very_o fatal_a to_o the_o english_a for_o immediate_o upon_o this_o they_o begin_v to_o forsake_v their_o house_n and_o habitation_n as_o think_v it_o too_o hot_a for_o they_o to_o stay_v any_o long_o in_o the_o country_n and_o so_o the_o welsh_a burn_v and_o destroy_v as_o far_o as_o penwedic_n all_o the_o house_n of_o those_o stranger_n who_o earl_n gilbert_n have_v bring_v with_o he_o then_o gruffydh_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o stradpythylh_n which_o belong_v to_o ralph_n earl_n gilbert_n steward_n and_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n remove_v from_o thence_o he_o encamp_v at_o glasgryg_n a_o mile_n from_o lhanbadarn_n purpose_v to_o besiege_v aberystwith-castle_n next_o morning_n but_o for_o want_v of_o provision_n necessary_a for_o his_o army_n he_o be_v force_v to_o make_v bold_a with_o some_o cattle_n which_o graze_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o not_o only_a man_n enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o these_o sanctuary_n but_o also_o cattle_n and_o horse_n and_o whatever_o else_o live_v within_o the_o liberty_n of_o they_o but_o the_o day_n follow_v gruffydh_n march_v disorderly_a towards_o the_o castle_n be_v apprehensive_a of_o no_o great_a opposition_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o so_o encamp_v upon_o a_o opposite_a hill_n which_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o castle_n by_o a_o river_n with_o a_o bridge_n over_o it_o he_o call_v a_o council_n to_o determine_v with_o what_o engine_n they_o may_v with_o best_a success_n play_v against_o it_o and_o so_o make_v a_o general_a assault_n the_o norman_n observe_v their_o disorder_n very_o cunning_o send_v out_o some_o of_o their_o archer_n to_o skirmish_v with_o they_o and_o so_o by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o entice_v they_o to_o the_o bridge_n where_o some_o of_o the_o best_a arm_a horseman_n be_v ready_a to_o issue_v out_o upon_o they_o the_o welch_a not_o think_v the_o garrison_n to_o be_v so_o strong_a approach_v near_o the_o bridge_n still_o skirmish_v with_o the_o norman_n who_o pretend_v to_o give_v ground_n but_o when_o they_o come_v very_o near_o out_o sally_v one_o on_o horse_n back_o who_o will_v fain_o pass_v the_o bridge_n but_o be_v receive_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o their_o spear_n he_o begin_v to_o flag_n and_o as_o he_o endeavour_v to_o return_v he_o fall_v off_o his_o horse_n and_o so_o the_o welsh_a pursue_v he_o over_o the_o bridg._n the_o englishman_n see_v this_o flee_v towards_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o welsh_a with_o all_o speed_n follow_v they_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n but_o whilst_o they_o think_v that_o the_o day_n be_v their_o own_o up_z rises_z a_o party_n of_o horse_n which_o lie_v in_o ambuscade_n under_o the_o hill_n and_o stand_v betwixt_o the_o welsh_a and_o the_o bridge_n prevent_v any_o succour_n to_o come_v to_o they_o and_o the_o welsh_a be_v thus_o hem_v in_o betwixt_o both_o party_n the_o former_a recoil_n with_o great_a strength_n be_v so_o unmerciful_o cut_v off_o that_o scarce_o one_o man_n be_v leave_v live_v when_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o welsh_a army_n that_o stay_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n see_v what_o number_n the_o garrison_n contain_v and_o that_o they_o be_v strong_a beyond_o their_o expectation_n present_o decamp_v and_o with_o all_o speed_n depart_v out_o of_o the_o country_n when_o king_n henry_n be_v inform_v of_o all_o the_o mischief_n and_o cruelty_n that_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n have_v commit_v among_o his_o subject_n in_o wales_n he_o send_v for_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n desire_v he_o and_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n to_o use_v all_o the_o effectual_a method_n possible_a to_o take_v or_o kill_v the_o arch_a rebel_n gruffydh_n promise_v very_o speedy_o to_o send_v his_o son_n robert_n with_o a_o army_n to_o wales_n for_o that_o purpose_n owen_n be_v very_o proud_a that_o the_o king_n put_v such_o confidence_n in_o he_o encourage_v his_o man_n to_o be_v now_o so_o industrious_a to_o merit_v the_o king_n favour_n as_o they_o have_v be_v former_o to_o deserve_v his_o displeasure_n and_o so_o join_v his_o force_n with_o lhywarch_n they_o both_o march_v to_o meet_v prince_n robert_n at_o stratywy_n where_o they_o suppose_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n have_v hide_v himself_o in_o the_o wood_n when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o 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the_o wood_n gerald_n steward_n of_o pembrock_n who_o with_o a_o great_a power_n of_o fleming_n be_v upon_o his_o march_n to_o join_v the_o king_n son_n meet_v with_o they_o who_o flee_v from_o owen_n who_o desire_v help_n of_o gerald_n declare_v how_o owen_n have_v forcible_o drive_v they_o out_o slay_v a_o great_a many_o of_o their_o companion_n and_o spoil_v they_o of_o all_o their_o good_n gerald_n and_o his_o fleming_n understand_v that_o owen_n be_v so_o nigh_o with_o such_o a_o small_a number_n of_o man_n think_v he_o have_v now_o very_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o be_v revenge_v of_o he_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v sure_a work_n with_o he_o he_o pursue_v he_o close_o into_o the_o wood_n owen_n be_v forewarn_v by_o his_o man_n that_o a_o great_a number_n follow_v he_o and_o advise_v to_o make_v all_o speed_n to_o get_v away_o be_v deaf_a to_o all_o such_o counsel_n as_o think_v that_o they_o of_o who_o his_o man_n be_v so_o much_o afraid_a of_o be_v the_o king_n friend_n and_o therefore_o their_o integrity_n need_v not_o be_v question_v since_o they_o all_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o same_o common_a cause_n but_o he_o find_v that_o a_o private_a quarrel_n be_v sometime_o more_o regard_v than_o the_o public_a good_a and_o therefore_o when_o gerald_n be_v advance_v within_o bow-shot_a he_o greet_v he_o with_o a_o volloy_n of_o arrow_n to_o show_v how_o great_a a_o friend_n he_o be_v but_o owen_n though_o persuade_v to_o flee_v be_v so_o little_o terrify_v at_o such_o a_o unwelcome_a salutation_n that_o though_o the_o enemy_n be_v seven_o to_o one_o yet_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o be_v but_o fleming_n and_o such_o as_o always_o tremble_v at_o the_o hear_n of_o his_o name_n and_o then_o fall_v on_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n he_o be_v at_o the_o
entertain_v with_o all_o the_o expression_n and_o token_n of_o joy_n king_n john_n perceive_v how_o powerful_a they_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v and_o how_o that_o the_o country_n do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n favour_v their_o cause_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o nip_v they_o in_o the_o bud_n and_o to_o fall_v upon_o they_o before_o they_o grow_v too_o strong_a and_o therefore_o have_v levy_v his_o force_n he_o march_v together_o with_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n towards_o the_o castle_n of_o rochester_n be_v arrive_v there_o he_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o the_o governor_n william_n de_fw-fr abbineto_n so_o brave_o defend_v it_o that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v take_v after_o three_o month_n siege_n but_o at_o length_n the_o king_n man_n bear_v on_o so_o violent_o that_o they_o take_v it_o by_o a_o storm_n where_o beside_o william_n de_fw-fr abbineto_n the_o king_n take_v several_a of_o the_o baron_n prisoner_n this_o be_v a_o ill_a beginning_n to_o the_o design_n of_o the_o confederate_n and_o what_o do_v not_o add_v a_o little_a to_o their_o misfortune_n the_o pope_n present_o issue_v out_o his_o bull_n of_o excommunication_n against_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o all_o the_o english_a baron_n as_o make_v war_n against_o king_n john_n who_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n do_v not_o regard_v his_o threaten_a anathemas_n and_o therefore_o have_v raise_v a_o army_n he_o come_v to_o shrewsbury_n which_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o without_o any_o resistance_n and_o whilst_o lhewelyn_n remain_v there_o giles_n de_fw-fr bruce_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o this_o conspiracy_n send_v his_o brother_n reynold_n to_o brecnock_v who_o all_o the_o people_n ready_o owâ—ed_v for_o their_o lord_n and_o so_o without_o the_o least_o grumble_a or_o opposition_n he_o receive_v the_o castle_n of_o abergefenny_n and_o pencelhy_a the_o castelh_n gwyn_n or_o the_o white_a castle_n together_o with_o grosmont_n castle_n and_o the_o island_n of_o cynuric_n but_o when_o the_o bishop_n come_v thither_o in_o person_n he_o have_v the_o castle_n of_o aberhondhy_a hay_o buelht_o and_o blaenlhyfny_n deliver_v up_o to_o he_o but_o think_v he_o have_v enough_o himself_o and_o be_v rather_o desirous_a to_o secure_v his_o interest_n and_o to_o strengthen_v his_o party_n in_o the_o country_n than_o to_o heap_v more_o upon_o his_o own_o shoulder_n than_o he_o be_v well_o able_a â—o_o support_v he_o bestow_v payn_n castle_n clune_n and_o all_o eluel_n upon_o walter_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o eineon_n clyd_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n young_a rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n â—p_n rhys_n and_o his_o uncle_n maelgon_n be_v reconcile_v and_o make_v friend_n and_o so_o come_v both_o to_o dyfe_v they_o destroy_v arberth_n and_o maenclochoc_n castle_n and_o recover_v all_o such_o land_n as_o former_o belong_v to_o they_o except_v cemais_n but_o rhy_n brother_n maelgon_n and_o owen_n go_v to_o north-wales_n and_o do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n whilst_o their_o brother_n prince_n rhys_n march_v forward_o to_o cydwely_n and_o have_v raze_v the_o castle_n of_o carnwylheon_n and_o lhyâ—hwr_n bring_v all_o the_o country_n about_o under_o his_o subjection_n but_o this_o be_v â—ot_n enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o ambitious_a humour_n of_o that_o young_a prince_n for_o have_v once_o taste_v the_o pleasure_n of_o victory_n and_o the_o take_n and_o demolish_n of_o town_n â—e_n be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v his_o conquest_n whilst_o fortune_n seem_v to_o favour_v his_o undertake_n and_o therefore_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n against_o talybont_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o hugh_n de_fw-fr miles_n and_o force_v his_o entrance_n into_o the_o same_o he_o put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o next_o day_n he_o march_v to_o sengennyth_n castle_n but_o the_o garrison_n which_o keep_v it_o think_v it_o fruitless_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o oppose_v he_o burn_v the_o place_n and_o depart_v to_o ystymlhwynarth_n but_o he_o follow_v they_o at_o the_o heel_n and_o the_o next_o day_n take_v it_o and_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o overran_a the_o country_n in_o such_o a_o violent_a manner_n that_o in_o three_o day_n time_n he_o become_v master_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o fortress_n in_o all_o gowerland_n and_o morgannwe_n and_o so_o return_v home_o with_o great_a victory_n and_o triumph_n at_o the_o same_o time_n rhyt_n fychan_n otherwise_o rhys_n gryg_n young_a prince_n rhy_n uncle_n obtain_v his_o liberty_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n leave_v his_o son_n with_o two_o more_o for_o pledge_n for_o his_o modest_a and_o peaceable_a behaviour_n towards_o his_o subject_n who_o at_o other_o time_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o molest_v and_o oppress_v about_o this_o time_n the_o abbot_n of_o tal_n y_fw-fr llecheu_fw-la and_o tuy_n gwyn_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n the_o former_a of_o st._n david_n and_o the_o other_o of_o bangor_n but_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o most_o violent_o incline_v against_o king_n john_n and_o be_v otherwise_o unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o what_o he_o have_v get_v in_o wales_n can_v not_o for_o all_o that_o refuse_v the_o injunction_n of_o the_o pope_n by_o who_o express_a command_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o king_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o his_o return_n homeward_o he_o die_v at_o gloucester_n leave_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o brother_n reginald_n who_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n but_o for_o all_o that_o giles_n de_fw-fr bruce_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n be_v fall_v off_o and_o reconcile_v to_o king_n john_n yet_o prince_n lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o follow_v his_o example_n and_o therefore_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n he_o march_v against_o carmardhyn_n and_o take_v the_o castle_n in_o five_o day_n have_v raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n he_o successive_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanstephan_n st._n clear_a and_o talacharn_n which_o he_o use_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o cardigan_n and_o win_v emlyn_n castle_n he_o subdue_v cemaes_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o trefdraeth_n castle_n in_o english_a call_v newport_n he_o quick_o take_v it_o and_o afterward_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n his_o next_o design_n be_v upon_o aberteifi_n and_o cilgerraâ—_n castle_n but_o the_o garrison_n which_o defend_v they_o find_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o wait_v his_o come_n and_o so_o to_o withstand_v all_o his_o attempt_n against_o those_o place_n voluntary_o surrender_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v prevent_v all_o the_o mischief_n which_o in_o oppose_v he_o will_v in_o all_o probability_n unavoidable_o attend_v they_o and_o so_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v successful_o overrun_v and_o subdue_v all_o carmardhyn_a and_o cardigan_n triumphant_o return_v to_o north-wales_n be_v attend_v by_o several_a of_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n such_o as_o howel_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n of_o south_n wales_n rhys_n and_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n together_o with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n a.d._n 1216_o but_o the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n return_v to_o aberteifi_n to_o compose_v a_o difference_n which_o since_o his_o departure_n have_v happen_v betwixt_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n prince_n rhy_n son_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o rhys_n and_o owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n on_o the_o other_o therefore_o to_o make_v up_o this_o quarrel_n and_o to_o reduce_v all_o matter_n to_o a_o quiet_a and_o amicable_a issue_n prince_n lhewelyn_n make_v a_o equal_a distribution_n of_o south-wales_n betwixt_o they_o allot_v to_o maelgâ—n_n three_o cantref_n in_o dyfed_a viz._n gwarthaf_n penlhwynoc_n cemaes_n and_o emlyn_n with_o cilgerran_n castle_n to_o young_a rhys_n two_o castle_n in_o ystratywy_a hiruryn_n and_o maelhaen_n maenor_n bydfey_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfry_n and_o two_o in_o cardigan_n gwyâ—tâ—yth_v and_o mabwyneon_n his_o brother_n owen_n have_v to_o his_o share_n the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o nant_n your_o arian_n with_o three_o cantress_n in_o cardigan_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n otherwise_o call_v rhys_n gryc_a have_v dynefawr_n castle_n the_o cantref_n mawr_z the_o cantref_n bychan_n except_v hiruryn_n and_o midhfey_n together_o with_o the_o comote_n of_o cydwely_n and_o carnwylhion_n this_o division_n be_v accomplish_v to_o every_o one_o satisfaction_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n be_v amicable_o reconcile_v prince_n lhewelyn_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o north-wales_n but_o he_o have_v not_o advance_v very_o far_o when_o
with_o great_a fury_n and_o courage_n face_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n force_v they_o back_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n polydore_v virgil_n say_v but_o upon_o what_o authority_n be_v not_o know_v that_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v this_o victory_n rather_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o english_a army_n be_v hire_v with_o such_o money_n as_o have_v be_v wrongful_o take_v out_o of_o the_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o judgement_n from_o above_o more_o than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o overcome_v the_o english_a army_n but_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o english_a be_v vanquish_v upon_o which_o account_n king_n edward_n come_v in_o person_n to_o wales_n and_o keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_n where_o robert_n winchelsey_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v return_v from_o rome_n come_v to_o he_o and_o have_v do_v homage_n return_v honourable_o again_o to_o england_n but_o as_o the_o king_n advance_v far_o into_o the_o country_n have_v but_o one_o part_n of_o his_o army_n with_o he_o the_o welsh_a set_v upon_o and_o take_v most_o of_o his_o carriage_n which_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n so_o that_o the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o follower_n be_v constrain_v to_o endure_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o hardship_n in_o so_o much_o that_o at_o last_o water_n mix_v with_o honey_n and_o very_a course_n and_o ordinary_a bread_n with_o the_o salt_a meat_n be_v account_v the_o great_a delicacy_n for_o his_o majesty_n be_v own_o table_n but_o their_o misery_n be_v like_a to_o be_v great_a have_v not_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o army_n come_v in_o time_n because_o the_o welsh_a have_v encompass_v the_o king_n round_o in_o hope_n to_o reduce_v he_o to_o the_o utmost_a distress_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o rise_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n can_v not_o get_v to_o he_o but_o the_o water_n within_o some_o time_n after_o abate_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o army_n come_v in_o whereupon_o the_o welsh_a present_o retire_v and_o make_v their_o escape_n one_o thing_n be_v very_o remarkable_a of_o king_n edward_n during_o his_o distress_n at_o snowden_n that_o when_o the_o army_n be_v reduce_v to_o very_o great_a extremity_n a_o small_a quantity_n of_o wine_n be_v find_v which_o they_o think_v to_o reserve_v for_o the_o king_n be_v own_o use_n but_o he_o to_o prevent_v any_o discontent_n which_o may_v thereupon_o be_v raise_v in_o his_o soldier_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o taste_v thereof_o tell_v they_o that_o in_o time_n of_o necessity_n all_o thing_n shall_v be_v common_a and_o as_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n and_o author_n of_o thâ—ir_a distress_n he_o will_v not_o be_v prefer_v before_o they_o in_o his_o diet._n but_o whilst_o the_o king_n remain_v in_o snowden_n the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n be_v inform_v that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o welch_n be_v assemble_v and_o have_v lodge_v themselves_o â—n_o a_o certain_a valley_n betwixt_o two_o wood_n choose_v out_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n together_o with_o some_o crossbow_n and_o archer_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o night_n time_n the_o welsh_a be_v thus_o surprise_v and_o unexpected_o encompass_v about_o by_o their_o enemy_n make_v the_o best_a they_o can_v to_o oppose_v they_o and_o so_o pitch_v their_o spear_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o direct_v the_o point_n towards_o their_o enemy_n endeavour_v by_o such_o mean_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o horse_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n have_v order_v his_o battle_n so_o as_o that_o between_o every_o two_o horse_n there_o stand_v a_o cross-bow_n so_o gaul_v the_o welsh_a with_o the_o shot_n of_o the_o quarrel_n that_o the_o spear-man_n fall_v apace_o and_o then_o the_o horse_n break_v easy_o in_o upon_o the_o rest_n bear_v they_o down_o with_o so_o great_a a_o slaughter_n as_o the_o welsh_a have_v never_o receive_v before_o after_o this_o king_n edward_z to_o prevent_v any_o more_o rebellious_a attempt_n of_o the_o welsh_a cut_v down_o all_o the_o wood_n in_o wales_n wherein_o in_o any_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o hide_v and_o save_v themselves_o and_o for_o a_o far_a security_n he_o repair_v and_o fortify_v all_o the_o castle_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n in_o wales_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o bewmoris_fw-la in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n and_o so_o have_v put_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n and_o punish_v those_o that_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o death_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr pulesdon_n he_o return_v with_o his_o army_n into_o england_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n have_v leave_v the_o welsh_a madoc_n who_o as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o be_v choose_v captain_n by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n gather_v some_o force_n together_o and_o come_v to_o oswestry_n which_o present_o yield_v to_o he_o and_o then_o meet_v with_o the_o lord_n strange_a near_o knookine_n who_o with_o a_o detachment_n of_o the_o marcher_n come_v to_o oppose_v he_o give_v he_o battle_n vanquish_v his_o force_n and_o miserable_o ravage_v his_o country_n the_o like_a success_n he_o obtain_v a_o second_o time_n against_o the_o marcher_n but_o at_o last_o they_o bring_v together_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o meet_v madoc_n march_v towards_o shâ—ewsbury_n upon_o the_o hill_n of_o cefn_n digolh_n not_o far_o from_o camr_n castle_n where_o after_o a_o bloody_a fight_n on_o both_o side_n madoc_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o his_o army_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n then_o he_o be_v send_v to_o london_n and_o there_o sentence_v to_o remain_v in_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o the_o tower_n though_o other_o affirm_v that_o madoc_n be_v never_o take_v but_o that_o after_o several_a adventure_n and_o severe_a conflict_n whereby_o the_o welsh_a be_v reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n he_o come_v in_o and_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n who_o receive_v he_o upon_o condition_n he_o will_v not_o desist_v to_o pursue_v morgan_z captain_n of_o the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n till_o he_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n before_o he_o madoc_n have_v perform_v this_o and_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v peaceable_a and_o undisturbed_a several_a hostage_n from_o the_o chief_a nobility_n of_o wales_n for_o their_o orderly_a and_o quiet_a behaviour_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o king_n who_o dispose_v of_o they_o into_o divers_a castle_n in_o england_n where_o they_o continue_v in_o safe_a custody_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n which_o be_v presently-commencâ—d_a with_o scotland_n a.d._n 1301_o in_o the_o 29_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n reign_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n come_v down_o to_o chester_n and_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n in_o wales_n as_o follow_v henry_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n for_o monmouth_n reginald_n grace_n for_o ruthyn_n foulke_n fitzwarren_a for_o his_o land_n the_o lord_n william_n martin_n for_o his_o land_n in_o cemaes_n roger_n mortimer_n for_o his_o land_n in_o wales_n henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n for_o rhos_n and_o rhyfoneioc_n robert_n lord_n montalt_n for_o his_o land_n and_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o poole_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n pay_v their_o homage_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n of_o anglesey_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n archdeacon_n of_o anglesey_n eineon_n ap_fw-mi howel_n of_o caernarvon_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v gruffydh_fw-mi â—ychan_fw-mi son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n madoc_n fychan_n denglfield_n lhewelyn_n bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_z richard_z de_fw-fr pulesdon_n this_o last_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v constitute_v sheriff_n of_o caernarvon_n for_o life_n with_o the_o stipend_n of_o forty_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a at_o the_o same_o place_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tudor_n ithel_n fychan_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n with_o many_o more_o do_v their_o homage_n then_o the_o prince_n come_v to_o ruthlan_n where_o the_o lord_n richard_n de_fw-fr sutton_n baron_n of_o malpas_n pay_v homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o say_a barony_n of_o malpas_n thence_o the_o prince_n remove_v to_o conwey_n where_o eineon_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n and_o david_n abbot_n of_o maynan_n do_v their_o homage_n as_o do_v lewis_z de_fw-fr felton_n son_n of_o richard_n felton_n for_o the_o land_n which_o his_o father_n hold_v of_o the_o prince_n in_o maelor_n saesneg_n or_o english_a maelor_n john_n earl_n warren_n swear_v homage_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o bromfield_n and_o yale_n and_o his_o land_n in_o hope-dale_n at_o london_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o lord_n john_n de_fw-fr kirkby_n sometime_o bishop_n of_o ely_n as_o also_o a_o while_n after_o edmund_z mortimer_z for_o his_o land_n of_o cery_n and_o cydewen_n but_o beside_o all_o these_o there_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n at_o chester_n sir_n
canonize_v 160._o john_n k._n of_o england_n in_o his_o way_n to_o ireland_n through_o wales_n discharge_v a_o criminal_a that_o murder_v a_o priest_n 226._o famish_v will_n de_fw-fr bruce_n and_o maud_n his_o aunt_n at_o windsor_n after_o his_o return_n 227._o the_o reason_n of_o his_o cruelty_n and_o disaffection_n to_o priest_n ib._n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n and_o return_n without_o success_n 229_o 230._o make_v a_o second_o expedition_n ib._n order_n foulk_n viscount_n cardyff_fw-mi to_o subdue_v those_o that_o oppose_v in_o south-wales_n and_o they_o at_o last_o do_v he_o homage_n but_o quick_o revolt_v 231_o 232._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o wales_n 229._o make_v a_o second_o and_o three_o and_o hang_v the_o welsh_a pledge_n reconcile_v himself_o to_o rome_n and_o engage_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o his_o baron_n 237._o dies_z and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n henry_n 242._o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n revolt_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o salop_n 124._o base_o use_v by_o k._n henry_n for_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 125._o deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n 133._o forbid_v owen_n and_o madawc_n to_o retire_v to_o his_o estate_n 134._o beset_v and_o slay_v by_o madawc_n and_o llywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahern_n 137._o joseph_n bishop_n of_o llandaff_n die_v at_o rome_n 88_o ireland_n molest_v with_o locust_n 42._o ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n slay_v 28._o l._n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n make_v himself_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n 79._o his_o good_a government_n ib._n slay_v meuric_n that_o rebel_v against_o he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n 80._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 81._o base_o slay_v ibid._n lhewelyn_n p._n of_o north-wales_n take_v david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prisoner_n 217._o receive_v homage_n of_o most_o of_o the_o welsh_a lord_n 222._o conquer_v gwenwynwyn_n country_n 225._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-w_n and_o maelgon_n flee_v 225_o 226._o marry_v joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n 224._o sue_v and_o obtain_v peace_n of_o the_o king_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o wife_n 231._o animate_v the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o a_o revolt_n against_o the_o king_n 233._o dispossess_v the_o english_a of_o all_o their_o hold_n in_o his_o country_n 237._o take_v shrewsbury_n though_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n 238._o subdue_v cardigan_n and_o carmarthen_n 240._o reconcile_v the_o â—onds_n in_o south-wales_n 241._o subdue_v powis_n 242._o refuse_v assistance_n to_o king_n john_n against_o the_o dauphine_n ibid._n make_v rynald_n bruce_n who_o have_v revolt_v submit_v to_o he_o â—43_n receive_v the_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o dyfed_a ibid._n subdue_v the_o revolt_a flemings_n again_o 246._o make_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n submit_v ibid._n complain_v of_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o young_a rhys_n adju_v matter_n with_o he_o 247._o seize_v the_o castle_n of_o william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n in_o wales_n and_o occasion_n a_o war_n between_o they_o 247_o 248._o worst_n the_o english_a army_n pay_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 249._o destroy_v the_o march_n 252._o make_v a_o descent_n upon_o england_n 253._o be_v join_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n against_o king_n henry_n rout_v his_o army_n 254._o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o king_n territory_n 255._o make_v peace_n with_o the_o king_n 256._o set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n ibid._n bury_v his_o princess_n joan_n 257._o force_a to_o quit_v the_o siege_n of_o ruthlan_n 258._o make_v the_o welsh_a do_v homage_n to_o his_o son_n david_n ibid._n die_n his_o character_n and_o issue_n â—59_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi and_o owen_n gôch_v his_o brother_n declare_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 269._o quarrel_n and_o owen_n with_o his_o brother_n david_n make_v close_a prisoner_n 271._o recover_v the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o waste_v cheshire_n ibid._n beat_v the_o irish_a by_o sea_n 273._o desire_n peace_n with_o the_o king_n but_o fail_v 277._o kind_a to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n 278._o make_v a_o peace_n by_o the_o pope_n mediation_n with_o the_o king_n 279._o refuse_v to_o attend_v upon_o king_n edward_n coronation_n 280._o the_o reason_n for_o his_o refusal_n 281._o a_o accident_n make_v he_o pliable_a 283._o severe_a condition_n of_o peace_n impose_v upon_o he_o 284._o marry_a to_o elinor_n earl_n montfords_n daughter_n at_o worcester_n 285._o reconcile_v with_o his_o brother_n david_n and_o join_v against_o the_o english_a 286._o offer_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n conditional_o 292._o send_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o his_o proposal_n 293_o 294_o 295._o betray_v in_o buellt_n and_o kill_v 297._o london_n besiege_v by_o the_o dane_n 65._o m._n mahael_n dispossess_v of_o his_o inheritance_n by_o his_o unnatural_a mother_n nest_n mean_n and_o how_o 115._o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n stick_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n 173._o madawc_n reconcile_v to_o king_n henry_n 138._o take_a prisoner_n by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 139._o have_v his_o eye_n pull_v out_o by_o owen_n ibid._n madawc_n ab_fw-la owen_n gwynedh_n sail_v into_o america_n 196._o plant_n a_o colony_n there_o ib._n maelgon_n disturb_v south-wales_n 228._o beat_v by_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n 229._o march_v earl_n of_o marry_v owen_n glyndwr_n daughter_n 318._o consent_v by_o indenture_n to_o divide_v england_n between_o owen_n piercy_n and_o himself_o 318._o maud_n the_o empress_n land_n in_o england_n and_o be_v receive_v at_o arundel_n 162._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n possess_v of_o all_o wales_n 64._o dispossess_v of_o north-wales_n 67._o and_o rout_v by_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meuric_n their_o new_a prince_n 68_o die_v without_o issue_n male_a 69._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n make_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n 96._o slay_a in_o battle_n against_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 102._o meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 171._o meredith_n death_n and_o character_n 172._o merfyn_n frych_a be_v make_v king_n of_o wales_n 24._o be_v slay_v 27._o merlin_n ambrose_n and_o sylvester_n their_o time_n country_n and_o prophecy_n 10_o 11._o morgan_z hên_o die_v a_o hundred_o year_n old_a his_o marriage_n estate_n and_o issue_v 58._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi owen_n kill_v robert_n fitz-gilbert_n and_o his_o son_n 157._o slay_v 175._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi cadogan_n repent_v of_o his_o murder_n commit_v 156._o murder_n commit_v 156._o item_n 163._o n._n newmarch_n a_o norman_a obtain_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n and_o marry_v nest_n daughter_n to_o llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 115._o norman_n twice_o decimate_v and_o put_v to_o death_n in_o england_n 86._o they_o waste_v and_o plunder_v dyfe_v 103._o they_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n 113._o the_o name_n of_o the_o adventurer_n ibid._n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o several_a lordship_n in_o wales_n 117._o divers_a of_o they_o slay_v in_o cardigan_n ibid._n rout_v again_o by_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o their_o castle_n destroy_v 118._o slaughter_v divers_a time_n by_o the_o welsh_a and_o force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n 119_o 120._o northumberland_n invade_v by_o the_o scot_n 109._o o._n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n make_v a_o ditch_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n 20._o his_o death_n 21._o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n a_o traitor_n to_o his_o country_n 121._o make_a prince_n of_o wales_n by_o the_o english_a but_o soon_o lose_v it_o 122._o his_o death_n and_o pedigree_n 126._o owen_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n enamour_v of_o nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n king_n henry_n lieutenant_n in_o wales_n 129._o steal_v she_o away_o ibid._n fly_v into_o ireland_n 135._o return_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n in_o conjunction_n with_o maradoc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n 133._o his_o man_n slay_v a_o english_a bishop_n the_o cause_n of_o cadwgan_n his_o father_n be_v dispossess_v of_o his_o estate_n 135._o force_v to_o flee_v into_o ireland_n with_o madawc_n ibid._n return_n and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 138._o divide_v madawc's_o estate_n between_o himself_o and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n 139._o flee_v for_o fear_n of_o king_n henry_n into_o north-wales_n 140._o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 141._o owen_n be_v brave_a and_o knight_v in_o normandy_n 142._o employ_v by_o king_n henry_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n 148._o slay_v by_o gerald_n 149._o owen_n gwynedh_n succeed_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 160._o mighty_o concern_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n run_v 165._o take_v and_o race_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n 166._o pull_v out_o his_o nephew_n cunedah_n eye_n and_o castrate_v he_o 170._o be_v provoke_v invade_v llandhinam_n 193._o dies_fw-la his_o character_n and_o issue_n 194._o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o owen_n fychan_n dispossess_v jorwerth_n gôch_o of_o his_o estate_n in_o powis_n 192._o cyfeilioc_fw-la dies_fw-la