came all to early A gentle mist as if fore-dooming how blacke a day it would be did his good will to have kept it night still and the Sunne as if his great eye had before-hand over-read the fatality of the following day seemed very loath to have begunne it So sweet a correspondencie though secret and so sensible a compassion betwixt Gods more noble instruments there is that the day had rather have beene no day then become Gustavus his last day and the Sunne had rather have conceal'd his owne glory then his fellow Gustavus beames should be extinguished But the martiall King even forcing himselfe to awaken Time and hasten on mortality would needs make those clocks and larums of the warres his fatall Drummes to beate two houres before day-light Arme Arme Repaire to your Colours keepe your Orders stand to your Armes these were the morning summons to awaken the heartie souldiers from a cold a hard and an earthly lodging The Armie was easie to be put in order for that the most part of it had laine and slept in Battaglia One while was the King purposed to have advanc't and falne on presently but the warre being Gods cause he would like David and Himselfe first aske counsell of the God of Battells and at least recommend His owne cause unto Him The Drummes having beaten the first March Hee caused prayers to be read to himselfe by his owne Chaplaine Doctor Fabritius and where there were Ministers at hand the same was done thorow every Regiment of the Army The morning proved so mistie that it was not possible to see which way to march nor where to find an enemie to strike at And this vnluckily staid the Kings thoughts from advancing presently This was a fogge of advantage unto Walenstein who purposing but to stand his ground which by working all night about the ditch and high-way his Pioners had made more troublesome to be assaulted was now resolued that if he must fight he would there abide the first shocke and no way to seeke the Battell or to mooue towards his Adversarie About 8. a clocke the mist brake up and but for one mischance in it promised as faire a day as ever was 6th of November As it beganne to cleere the King tooke occasion to encourage up his souldiers and going to his owne Subiects first The Kings Orations he to this purpose bespake them My deare brethren carry your selues bravely this day fight valiantly a Gods name to the Swedes for your Religion and for your King This if you doe Gods blessing and the peoples praises shall be your guerdon and you for ever shall even be laden with an honourable and a glorious memoriall nor will I forget to reward you nobly If you play the Pultrons I here call God to witnesse that not a bone of you shall ever returne againe into Sweden To the Germane Troopes this was the Oration To the Germanes ô you my Brethren Officers and fellow-souldiers of the Germane nation I here most earnestly intreate and beseech you to make full tryall of your valours this one day against your enemies Fight manfully against them this day both with me and for me Be not faint-hearted in the Battell nor for any thing discouraged Set me before your eies and let me be your great example even me who dreadlessely for your cause am here readie to adventure my life and blood to the uttermost of any danger This if you doe there is no doubt but that God himselfe will from Heaven reward you with a most glorious victorie of which both your selues and long posteritie shall plentifully enioy the benefits This if you doe not farewell for ever to your Religion and your liberties must for ever remaine enslaved These Orations of the Kings being from both nations with a horride clashing of their Armour and with cheerefull vowes and acclamations answered the King as cheerefully then replied And now my hearts let us on bravely against our enemies and God prosper our endeavours Sprightfully withall casting up his eies to Heaven he with a loud voyce thither sent up this forcible ejaculation Iesu Iesu Iesu The Kings Prayers vouchsafe thou this day to be my strong helper and give me courage this day to fight for thy glorie and the honour of thy great Names sake This Praier according to other Relations I find that he sometimes thus varied for he led on praying ô my Lord Iesu Sonne of God! blesse these our Armes and this dayes Battell for thine owne glory and holy names sake This said he drew out his sword which waving over his head hee advanced forward the formost of all his Army His royall person was that day waited upon His attendance by Duke Francis Charles of Saxon-Lawenburg and by some of his Maiesties owne neerest servants The Lord Crailsham also Great Master or Marshall of his Majesties Houshold had the leading of a bodie of Reformadoes which were especially commanded to waite upon the Kings owne person And amongst these were our English and Scottish Gentlemen and Officers whom as I have before told you the King had at Schleusing heretofore Reformed Of this Bodie which consisted of severall nations were there still 3. or 4. close about the King readie to be sent with orders up and downe the Armie who were still supplied by Crailsham The King was that day attired as usually he was accustomed in a plaine Buff-coate and un-armed Some report that a tendernesse he had in his shoulder where a Musket bullet had a long time stucke would not suffer him to endure armour And therefore when he was this morning desired to put on his Corslet he said The Lord God was his Armour and refused it The Kings Watch-word was the same which had beene of so good an Omen His Watch-word before at Leipsich GOTT MIT VNS God with Vs. The Generall Walensteins being now the same which Tillyes then was IESVS MARIA This was the Kings order of Embattailing His whole Army which now after he had left some at Naumburg and at Weissenfels was betweene 17 and 18000 men hee devided into two Fronts and each of these into the Wings and Battell with their Reserves Each of the Wings were composed of sixe severall Regiments or Squadrons of Horse lined with five severall Bodies His Order of Commanded Muskettiers every one of which Bodies had two small Drakes or Feilding Peeces which advanced playing still before them The Battell in each Front consisted of foure Brigades of Foot a Reserve of Foot being betwixt the two middle Brigades of the first Front and a Reserve of Horse hindmost of all betwixt the two middle Brigades of the Reere or Second Front Before each Brigade marcht sixe Peeces of greater Ordnance and thus much the first sight of the Figure showes you The Right Wing markt with the Letter I was led by the King himselfe whose place is to be seene just over the said letter and number 6. neere
for the reducing of Freedome and Religion This if they be negligent in then all the travels of the deceased King together with all their owne paines and charges yea all their Forces Armies and advantages shall not long serve their turnes but they must become the prey of their Enemies an Amphitheater of Tragedies and an example to posteritie of confiscated estates and of bodies incurably diseased And to say the troth these Princes have even untill this present gone so well on that their vnitie hath quite dasht all the exultations of the contrary party and they have trumped upon the best of the others hopes and happily gone beyond the feares of their friends that still doubted them They have given the world to see that the Schooling and lessoning of the King hath made good impression in them and that the losse of so great a Patrone though it extremely pull'd downe the side yet hath it caused their motions to be concentricall to goe all one way and by union to redouble their vigours And yet all this notwithstanding and that the King of Sweden hath left these Princes of his partie in so good estate that they have the lesse cause to lament the losse of him they being well set up on their feet againe and in case to maintaine their owne freedomes Admit the truth of all this yet hath the adverse party which he gave checke unto recovered the better of the game since this King is taken Great are their advantages by the death of this Prince these few pellets of lead which kill'd him being worth more to them then a million of Ducats possibly could have advantaged them And this losse of him who was the Sole Director of all gave not onely hopes but probabilities that now when the businesse was to fall to be managed by a many the diversities of Cheefes would bee so apt to foment iealousies and mis-intelligences as that it would give more facility to the contrary party to conserve what was not yet conquered to satisfie some privately discontented to vnite their counsels to recall exiled tranquility and firmely once againe to re-establish a good peace over all the Empire If now the Imperiall party please to make profit by their former losses then shall wee see them turne a deafe eare to all bloody and violent counsels avoide the enforcing both of Princes and people to turne desperate remove all suspitions and bad correspondencies regaine exasperated spirits by sweetnesse and seeke how to raigne by love rather then by terrour no more attempting the breach of the peace and publike faith vnder pretence of conscience it being to be dealt withall by perswasion and not by enforcing as having to answer before another Tribunall then mans Iudgement And hereunto it appeareth that this party ought so much the rather to aspire because it may have hope even forthwith and henceforward to continue in their owne rights and advantages the death of this King having cured them of a bodily feare they were deeply already in least he should have taken a higher flight pretented towards new Diademes and fully have verified his Anagramme by changing the name Gustavus into Augustus What-ever in this dull Character of mine may seeme defective is abundantly supplyed in this most learned and concise Epitaph Written by an Honourable Sonne of the Muses and worthy the Tombe-Stone of the great Gustavus Epigraphe SISTE VIATOR NEC DESPONDE ANIMVM VT NEQVICQVAM SPERES NI MORI SPERES VIX EST QVOD METVAS NI VIVERE METVAS FATO CESSIT VITAE MORTISQVE ARBITER SVMMVS PROXIMVM COELITIBVS NOMEN QVIN ILLVD EXIGIS DABO SED VT LITES LACHRYMIS REGI POTENTISS PIENTISS GVSTAVO QVO SEXTO NOVEMBRIS NECI DATO TOTA EVROPAE FACIES MVTATA EST IN PLANCTVM SOLVTIS HVMANISS QVIBVSCVNQVE QVIN MAIORA POSTVLAS ACCIPE ILLE QVI DISSIDIA PVBLICA PACE TERMINARE PACEM BONIS ARTIBVS EXCOLERE ILLE QVI OPPRESSOS IN SVVM IVS ASSERERE ASSERTOS LIBERTATE DONARE LIBERTATEM SECVRAM REDDERE AGGRESSVS EST PROH DOLOR INTERIIT SED VT SVMMVM ARDVAE VIRTVTIS EXEMPLVM AVDIAT NVLLVS QVIPPE POST HOMINES NATOS BONO PVBLICO POTIORA INTENTAVIT GRAVIORA PASSVS EST. ABI IAM SI LICET IN REM TVAM The Copy of the Swedish Conclusion By the Princes and Peeres of the Kingdome of Sweden Which was vnanimously consented unto by them at their Dyet and Assembly holden at Stockholm on the 14th of March 1633. The Originall was printed at Stockholm by Ignatius Murer WEE vnder-written the Councell Peeres Earles Lords Bishops of Sweden Gentry Clergie Officers of Warre Citizens and the whole Commonalty who have beene convoked to this honourable Assembly as well in our owne names and behalfes as also in the name and behalfe of all the Countries doe hereby make knowne and certifie That whereas it hath pleased Almighty God of his providence and good pleasure so heavily to visit us and this Kingdome and in so great a measure to afflict us by taking unto himself by bodily death the renowned high and mighty Prince and Lord Gustavus Adolphus King of the Swedens Gothes and Vandales Great Prince of Finland Duke of Estland and Carellen Lord of Ingormanland c. and to translate his blessed Maiesty of ever happy and famous memory out of this vale of misery into his eternall happinesse and heauenly ioy and to exchange his temporall Crowne into an everlasting Diademe of glory and so to have put a period not onely to his Maiesties carefull and labourious life and dayes but also to his sufficiently noted and renowned Counsells worthy actes couragious and vndaunted spirit almost incredible at leastwise wonderfull Victories against part of the mightiest and most powerfull Princes and Potentates of Europe And which wee chiefely must condole in him it hath pleased God to take from vs our head our King our father and Pater patriae Vnder whose worthy famous and most excellent raigne we aboue all other Nations in these dolefull and calamitous times haue found our selues without any opposition in all security safety and tranquillity And which aggrauates our misery it hath not pleased God to suffer any Heyer-Male to proceed from the loynes of his said blessed Majesty to remaine upon and to possesse his Fathers seate So that not without reason ours and the Kingdomes care and danger is the greater and wee cannot but so much the more take to heart this inestimable losse Wherefore vpon the Iniunction of the Peeres and Councell of the Realme at their conuenting we haue thought good vnanimously and obediently to come together in the feare of God and to take into consideration the present State of our Kings Majesties Heyer as also the State of our deare Kingdome And how the same may be happily up held and maintained and next under the ayde and helpe of God bee defended against all danger and opposition To this end we are all of us ioyntly and willingly assembled here and wee haue pondered and consulted together which might best
his owne and their safeties as also to make vp one common tye and obligation betweene them Vntill the happinesse of which opportunity hee thought to uphold and continue on the businesse by the love of their common safeties and by the counsels and assistance of the Crowne of Sweden which for the time being might countervaile a more formall Confederacie But for as much as by reason of the continuall expeditions and Marchings from place to place that he was still put unto he could never haue so much good leasure as to begin those faire Courses nor to settle a better order for the observing of Military Discipline it is thereby come to passe that not onely whole Provinces as in such deadly warres it ever falleth out and especially where the Field of Warre is so universall have beene wasted and much spoyled but the licentiousnesse of the souldiery growne to that head as that without a speedy remedy the whole action must of necessity come to nothing Verily his Maiesty of ever glorious memory had thought of nothing more seriously and out of the fatherlynesse of his care to the common Cause had endeavoured nothing more diligently then to have made his personall residence amongst the Princes in these Vpper Parts of the Empire and with his owne neighbourhood not onely the more to have assured the Protection of those Vpper Circles according as hee had begun already but how also he might have beene personally present in a Diet of these foure Circles for the concluding of some settled good orders how the something decayed Military Discipline might have beene repaired And notwithstanding that my selfe for mine owne part was so stonyed with the dolefull and most lamentable death of my said deare Lord and Master as that I seemed to have cause enough to give over any more dealing in these businesses and to leave the managing unto their handlings whom so deeply it concerned yet upon maturer consideration how easily in the middest of these fiercenesses of the enemy there might betide some notable confusion either amongst the Armies or the Princes and that the whole Cause might of its owne weightinesse fall to so low a Condition as were not easie afterwards to bee repaired and that by this meanes all the Counsels proceedings designes and victories of my said sacred Lord the King would come to no other end nor purpose but to the giving occasion to the finall and totall ruine of all his Confederates and Part-takers I had rather lay aside mine owne private respects to mine selfe then so abruptly to desert the employment For this onely reason therefore This clause alone does cleerly enough confute that scandall of the dead King How that under a publike pretension he sought meerely his owne private interest which was the Empire This if so why should the Swedish kingdome now continue on the warres Seeing their King is dead and their young Queene not capable of being Emperour have I so earnestly hitherto endeauoured to uphold the businesse and couragiously according to my power so to dispose of all oportunities as might suite to the best advantage of the publike Yea and not onely so but I have beene an earnest suiter withall unto the Crowne of Sweden that the State would bee pleased still to continue on the warre that that most commendable and praise worthy intention of His Sacred MAIESTIE might obtaine the desired and intended issue In this my suite I have so farre prevailed that I have already from thence received a full Commission to treate and conclude with the Electors States and Princes of the Empire upon that matter and if I find the Confederates and Partakers so inclined I have power from the Royall Heyer and Crowne of Sweden in their names to continue on the worke to a perfection For mine owne part therefore I would see nothing with more gladnesse then a Generall Diet of all the Evangeliacall Electors Princes and States of the whole sacred Romane Empire together But forasmuch as Summer is now neere at hand and that the enemy is notably by this time upon the growing hand and earnest in his preparations for some new expedition and for that these 4. Vpper Circles are not onely round encompassed by the common enemies but have them already within their very bowels therefore there being danger in delaies and for that a Generall Diet could not be convoked without much time spending and its peculiar solemnities by which meanes the whole businesse would be in danger in the meane time to be rather ruined then remedied so long it would be before a publike and ioynt determination could be agreed upon therefore have I thought it more necessary which also was sollicited and desired by divers States both of this Vpper Part of the Empire and the Vpper Saxony that upon the death of my said Soveraigne Lord the King to deferre the procuring of a Generall Diet and so to hasten on the Diet of Vlm as out of hand to bring it to conclusion This my purpose so soone as it was made knowne unto divers of the most Illustrious and Right Honourable Princes and States there was occasion given and meanes projected for another new meeting for the causes before rehearsed And here I render all due and humble thankes both to the Princes and States personally here assembled and to the Ambassadors of the absent severally and altogether for that upon the earnest invitation of my good intention they disdained not to give this meeting And now most earnestly doe I beseech you all that you would take to heart and with maturity consider upon the common estate of the Cause Evangeliacall and with your prudentest and providentest consultations and readiest of your assistance promote and set forward the common businesse of the Empire the safety of your native Country and your owne proper welfares And most heartily doe I desire of God that you may haue profitable designes happy expeditions and all prosperous and desired successes And for mine owne part thus much I make free tender of that I will at no time in any thing be wanting in what I shall either iudge to bee beneficiall to the Cause or wherein I may any way bee serviceable And this I promise both for my selfe and in the name of the Hereditary Princesse and Crowne of Sweden To the end therefore that the points necessary may the better and more orderly be deliberated upon and the Conclusion the better speeded I have thought it necessary that the chiefe heades of the Deliberation which are in these Convocatory letters comprehended and exhibited should be distinguished into Articles most obsequiously and in the humblest manner entreating of your Highnesses that you would bee pleased to make construction of them to the fairest sence and so to accommodate and hasten forward your owne resolutions as may be most advantageous for the present state of the businesse and the eminentnesse of the danger 1. That all the Evangeliacall Electors Princes The Chancellors Propositions
bell must toll for them Which rang but now the beggars requiem When such a soule is from the earth bereaven Me thinkes there should be triumphs made in heaven And teares should run at Tilt at his decease To welcome him into a place of Peace Who though he made warre yet did alwayes strive Dying in warre to leave peace still alive Vpon the most puissant and victorious Prince and Souldier Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden c. T Is sinne to weepe or praise oh let me vent My Passion only in astonishment Who sheds a teare for thee brave Swede thus slaine His eyes doe penance for his weaker braine And yet those eyes themselves deserve this doome Which thus mistake a Trophie for a Tombe Or else Thy foes may weepe as then they dud When as thou dy'dst but all their teares were blood Oh what a tempest what a sea was forc't Of tribute-groanes and teares to waft one ghost No way but death they had to fly thy face Thou quit'dst thy body to pursue the Chase But who pretends thy praise in best expression Endicts his judgement of confest presumption Bold tongue touch not that head that heart that hand Which brought on 's knees when he did tiptoe stand The pride of Austria back'd with all but heaven Himselfe of all but of himselfe bereaven Thus having plum'd th' Imperiall Bird alone Upon those Eagle-wings to heaven he 's flowne Why should he stay on earth The game is done Others can part the stake which he hath wonne T is low ambition underneath his Story To aime at any Crowne but that of glory Then Canon play His bodie 's sacrificed He is not canon'd no Hee 's canonized On the King of Sweden An Elegie IF thou be set in death bright Northerne starre That wert the Cynosure o'th'Germane warre If sublime soule th' hast chose to disappeare In our horizon to informe some spheare For our incredulous hearts would misbeleeve Themselves faine out of griefe they have to grieve And Fame and Fate are tender yet t' addresse A truth so horrid to the world by expresse T was lest thy superstitious legions shou'd Have idoliz'd an arme of flesh and blood Oh thy prophetique soule that predivyn'd This cause as prescious of th'Eternalls minde So when God saw his Israel apt t' adore The glorious instrument that wafted ore Their sea-sav'd tribes from Pharian servitude Hee snatch'd that rich dust from the multitude Or wert thou Brave Prince thus subduc'd to shew T was to no thirst of Empire wee should owe Those rare atchievements but to testifie Heaven was thy prize thou mad'st such shift to die Or both to satisfie and yet convince The jealous feares of every rivall Prince That at thy Mounty gaz'd with envious eye Wert thou thus pleas'd un-emperor'd to die For thou hadst else characterd in thy name And deeds Augustus for thy Anagramme And all th'extracted quintessence thy spirit Of all th'heroique Caesars did inherit Only that thirst of purer glory stood Betwixt thy breath and such a publique good So have I seene a Falcon to soare high Lessen her selfe to invisibility The glimpse of this made thee so oft expose Thy penetrable parts to shockes of foes That one would thinke thou heldst intelligence With th' adverse Canon or some Thetis drench Had fortifyed thee Cap a Pee'gainst steele In all but what foe never saw thy heele The sea-sequestring Chiefe whose sceptred Rod Establish'd freedome to the Church of God Had yet his period and from Nebohs toppe Was faine by Prospective to tast that hope He might not live to graspe i' th promis'd Land Whose seizure heaven kept for a Ioshuahs hand So thou Mosaique Prince this faire foundation By thee being laid to unslave the Germane nation Dy'dst though confin'd content Posterity Shall raise a roofe will crowne their liberty Propitious heaven some brawny nerves assigne To give perfection to this high designe Meane time grim death and greedy Destinies Yee were not in some grave opinions wise To snappe his twine that sent you monethly shoales To plie your Stygian barck of war-slaine soules Now that his death hath dull'd Bellonas rage You may goe court Disease or languid Age Or blinde bold Empericks murthering ignorance That quashes more lives then Art can advance To keepe your Ferry custom'd or depend On sinnes and plagues to expedite mans end Since Fates grand factor for mortalitie By your improvidence hath gain'd to die He that allai'd Bavaria's lofty puffe Ruffled and discompos'd the Spanish Ruffe Reduc'd Bohemia the Palatinate Regain'd check'd Colein and gave Mentz the mate Prick'd the swolne tympany o' th' Austrian pride Taught her refluxes to the Catholique tide Enforc'd that oyle of Empire from his brinke Of Vastnesse downe to Reasons Center sink That re-invested truth and liberty In all his visits through faire Germany That tooke-in Cities with his very name And Caesar-like Came Saw and Overcame That having done th' Imperiall office sav'd Religion yet th' Imperiall wages wav'd With the petard of whose Authentique word All ports flew ope upon whose lightning sword Sate wing-clip'd Victory who in sterne fight Wonne with his pike more then his pen can write The fount of indeficient Stratagems Th' Assertor of inthralled Diadems That knew no quarrell but the publique right Whose valour forc'd all fortitude to flight That rush'd through danger as if none were neere When nothing else was nigh fear'd onely feare Who though he could not daunce the Brawles yet in His compleat steele could tread a Matachin And without Mimmick complements or Cringes Had th' active Rhetoricke that turn'd the hinges Of all the grand designes of Christendome And th' art or to convert or conquer Rome That like the Danuby rising but a spanne Grew boundlesse as his Baltique Ocean And by fine force no Sinons slye surprise Got Alexander-like faire victories That like the Sunne which from his early East Gallops in twelve houres progresse to the West In eight moneths as his historie reports Conquer'd his eighty Cities Castles Forts That humble at his rise knowing how nigh Supremacy borders on tyranny Yet Phaebus-like concentred at his set His beames to cleare with glory Natures debt That had the skill so rarely to combine Sweetnesse with strictnesse in his discipline That what the rigid Captaine could not bring To bow crept to the milde Majestique King And yet how oft hath he the King declin'd To unscrue a Centinells or Perdues minde That par'd those Vultur-talons and that beake R'envers'd that under Ioves bird joy'd to wreake Their bloody teene on the recrescent breast O'th'publike weale for private interest And skie-borne Perseus from the ravenous jaw Of Fridland freed th'enchain'd Andromeda Hee he is slaine and yet the stupid world Is not with him backe to her Chaos hurld For staulking Eulogies and talking tombes Are Popular incense such as Fortunes groomes Are sacred with and now each Burgers herse Yawnes for her hachments and her teares in verse And shall He have no more He whose
the King of Swedens comming into the Field and the Causes for it My Second Part marshalled him along all in Victories and in Glories and my vnlucky Third here waites upon him in his Obsequies The end of the King of Sweden hath silenced his Intelligencer it cannot be expected that a Logician should proceed in his Argument after that the Adversary hath taken away the Subiect of his Question I have done with Novelties now and I henceforth desire my Readers to discharge me Errata PAg. 27. line 1. For alwayes not Reade alwayes worke not In the same leafe line 16. for elinquent reade delinquent Pag. 48. lines 26 and 27. for Craisham reade Crailsham and for Master of the Army reade Master of the Houshold Pag. 61. line last save one for April reade October Pag. 68. line 1. for 21. reade 12. Pag. 71. for 12000. Horse and 6500. Foote reade 12000. Foote and 6500. Horse Pag. 101. line 28. for October 21. reade October 12. Pag. 106. line 20. for October 21. reade October 22. Pag. 127. line 33. in some Copies for Francis Charles reade Francis Albert. Pag. 191. line 17. for imaginaned reade imagined Pag. 193. line 28. for behold reade beholden Pag. 195. for thinke skales read thinke the skales THE SWEDISH Intelligencer The Third Part. From the time of the KINGS encamping before NORIMBERG untill the day of his death at the Battell of LVTZEN HOw noble a Master of his word euen to the vttermost possiblity of performance the King of Sweden still was The Story fetcht a little higher then the end of the last Part. may if we wanted the assurance of other examples abundantly enough appeare by his present carriage alone towards the faire City of Norimberg His Highnesse the Duke of Bauaria hauing beene shouldred out of his owne Countrey and taken his retreate into the Vpper Palatinate as in the latter end of our Second Part we haue told you the King out of a desire to fight with him before he should be ioyned with Wallenstein had euen thither also pursued him And but little missed he of lighting on him For hauing aduanced by Norimberg vnto * Namely that Swabach which in North-East of Norimberg 20 English miles neere the head of the riuer Swabach The King missing but little of surprising the Duke of Bavaria Swabach he left the Army 3. leagues further and aboue Sultzbach going himselfe with his whole Horse 4. peeces of Cannon and Sir Iohn Hepburne as himselfe pleased to tell me with 2000. Musketiers to seeke out and to surprize Bavaria A generall guesse hee now had whereabouts the Duke should be enquartered though by reason of his being still in motion he could haue no exact certainty Going therefore on the left hand of Amberg he comes to a little Towne thereby lately forsaken by the Duke That night lay He within 4. English miles of the Bavarian which had he surely knowne he had without doubt cut him all in pieces But the Duke that euening hauing better intelligence where the King was then the King had where the Duke was rose with all speed and hastned towards Egra to conioyne with Wallenstein both of them presently returning againe vpon the King This caused His Majesty to turne backe from them retires backe againe he being too weake at that time by 3. parts to meete them in Campagnia And now remembers he his Royall word passed heretofore vnto the Norimbergers Their towne being mighty in power and example had at first committed it selfe vnto his devotion and he againe in the word of a King had assured it of the uttermost of his protection To disengage himselfe of this promise hee in November before was once advancing from about Franckford with his whole Army to have levied Tillyes siege from before it and now againe engages he himselfe to be by Wallenstein besieged with it Thus is he becomne a full capitall pledge for it whilest he aduentures to stand bound and encampes about Norimberg body and goods for it Round about this Towne we in our Second Part left him encamped and there he for 16. weeks after staied for that Townes sake alone submitting himselfe unto such multitudes of inconveniences and so many varieties of great dangers as his victorious proceedings had not hitherto beene confronted withall all which a farre meaner experience then a King of Swedens could not but foresee now ready like a tempest to come flowing in upon him His Highnesse the Duke of Bavaria had taken sore regrett at this Norimberg and for its entertaining the King of Sweden had his Generall Tilly offered to beleager it And had this Duke beene strong enough he would perchance haue beene content with an indifferent occasion to have quarrel'd it for besides the addition of so strong a Passe and able jurisdiction unto his already devoured Vpper Palatinate His reasons for it it had beene an Inlett withall to his progresse into the Marquisates of * They write themselues Burgraves of Norimberg Onspach and Payreit belonging vnto 2. Princes of the House of Brandenburg and by Onspach into Franconia The Imperiall Generalissimo besides had now threatned to write it vp in red letters in his Almanack to make a Martyr of it and to change Norimberg into Magdenburg he had vow'd the City to the flames and the riches of it for a prey unto his souldiers This danger was the Towne now in the more need therefore for the King to keepe his word with it And yet was it a mixt action too there were other concurring causes for the Kings sitting downe about Norimberg besides the bare keeping of his promise with it These were some of the preuailing reasons that drew the King thither First should he have left it vnto the fury of the enemy the whole world might iustly haue condemn'd him as a man more regardfull of his safety then of his honour Then the Imperiall Cities whose Champion he had heretofore professed himselfe perceiuing him so carefull to make his owne game would also haue plaid the best of theirs and Norimberg among the rest would quickely have falne off from him and have saved its owne stake with the Emperor Secondly This Towne of Norimberg was a Passe of mighty importance not onely by the aduantage of its situation which was its neighbourhood vnto a many smaller Principalities all in League with it but a very considerable State likewise of its selfe it is for the largenesse of its owne Iurisdiction The soile indeed is but woody and sandy but the Lordship of it is much what sixteene English miles square with about twenty good Towes and sixe or seuen skore villages in it Norimberg therefore was worth the looking after Thirdly the City it selfe had now giuen him an assurance how excellent well it was provided for the sustaining of his Army which notwithstanding that it maintained 30000 or 40000 people for sixteene weekes together yet at the Kings rising was not bread much dearer then ordinarily
t is in London And these three together with the honour of keeping his word were the chiefe of the reasons for the Kings encamping about Norimberg Had he more entended the aduancement of his other victories then the safety of this Towne he might then haue marched vp into the Bishop of Bambergs Country and haue expected Wallenstein in these quarters and so by laying the seate of the warres in that Bishopricke haue abundantly beene reuenged of that Prince for the breache of his former promises Againe the Kings Armie was now but small for though it had the reputation of 20000 men by the ensigne yet surely so weake were the Companies that the forces of the Towne excepted they could not muster aboue 15500 reall marching men to be reckoned by the Poll. Had therefore the chiefe of his care beene to haue first reenforced his Legions and then to haue returned vpon the enemy he should in all probabilitie haue retired beyond Norimberg towards the bancks of the Riuer Maine in Franconia Thereabouts was the whole Country at his deuotion and hither might the seuerall Armies which he had now sent for with lesse danger and more speed haue marcht vp to him But either of these had he now done then doubtlesse would Walenstein so strongly haue entrencht himselfe before Norimberg in the meane time that there would haue beene no remoouing of him Seuerall Chieftaines with their Armies The King sends for his seuerall Armies to come to him had the King now abroad vpon their employments Duke William of Saxon-Weymar was towards the Riuer Weser about Westphalia The Landtgraue of Hessen about Paderborn and the Bishoppricke of Cullen The Rex-Chancellor Oxenstiern about Mentz and Duke Bernard with the Generall Banier in Bauaria All these Armies he had at his first encamping commanded with all speed to come and ioyne with him which whilest they are about to doe we shall entertaine our Readers with the chiefest of those military discourses descriptions and rencounters which passed betwixt the two Armies about Norimberg Begin we with the Kings Leaguer and the description of it as also of the strength he had to lay in it He had at his first sitting downe sixe Brigades of foote forces three whereof were commanded by Graue Neeles and the other three by Sir Iohn Hepburn which came to betwixt seuen and 8000 The Kings strength and no more About that strength were his Horse not full 8000 compleat and yet fast vpon it The Right wing of these horse was commanded by Lieftenant Generall Strieff and the left-wing by Leiftenant Generall Goldstein His Artillery consisted of twenty Peeces of battery and thirty Fielding Peeces of three and sixe pound ball The King so soone as euer he had taken the resolution of retyring to Norimberg had sent before hand to the Towne to haue his Leaguer prouided for him about the City Himselfe with his Army staid two dayes in the Mountaines whilest his Quarters might be something towards a readinesse so that at his first comming he found the Trenches halfe wrought by the Burgers They were found too little when the King came to lodge his Army in them for which cause his Maiesty in person rode round about the Towne to lay out the ground for enlarging of the Quarters with the description of his Leaguer which contained 35000 Rods of ground within the vttermost line of Circumuallation And for my understanding of this strength and Leaguer are the thanks due unto the Noble and valiant Sir Iohn Hepburne The fashion of the Citie of Norimberg enclines mostly to a circle and yet something to an ovall figure The small river Pegnitz runnes in at the East and out at the West of it It hath many faire Suburbs and in them was the Kings Leaguer it embracing both Towne and Suburbs round about within the compasse of its protection I begin to describe the Fortifications vpon the East side by the river and the Suburb of Weert Hence all about the hill of the Iewes vnto St. Iohns was it taken vp with diuers Bastions and Retrenchments all these being guarded by their Flanckers and other ordinary Defences On the other side of the water was the Pent encompassed about with another Fort or Bastion which being well Flanckered with a Curtaine was also joyned unto a Fort new builded in the Suburbe called Gastenhoff and that well defended likewise with diuers Halfe-Moones and Horn-works The Suburb called Steinbuhel towards Scheinaw was strongly entrenched likewise guarded besides with two other Forts joyning one upon another Towards the wood of Rotenbach was there a Fort-royall erected and another towards Gleishammer upon the way that leadeth towards Altorff Divers Batteryes were erected here and there betweene which were plentifully furnished with the Kings owne Ordnance and others out of the Towne Magazine The Works were strongest upon the South side for that the King suspected the enemy likelyest to encampe there and upon the East side towards the Vpper Palatinate for feare the Imperialists should haue had the courage to have falne on upon the neerest side to them at their first comming The Moate or Graff round about all was generally twelue foot wide and eight deepe and about the Head-works eighteene foot wide and twelue deepe The King of Bohemia's Quarter in the Leaguer was at Weiershaus a house of one Weier a Burger on the South side of the Citie and in the way towards Newmarckt Eight thousand souldiers laboured daily upon the Fortifications the Works being not yet fully perfected at Walensteins first comming so that the King looked presently to haue beene assaulted But our Generalissimo in the point of fighting deceiued the expectations both of his friends and of his enemies And this is something towards the description of the Kings Leaguer And here was his Majesty now resolued to abide that shocke and tempest of warre which from the whole power of the League and house of Austria hee had last spring expected should at Mentz haue falne upon him At Mentz therefore did he last yeere make those so large Fortifications and Bridges which Page 51 of our Second Part you shall finde described There had hee taken in the hils about the Towne not so much to make the Citie stronger which plainly hee did not but to have a Camping-place for the lodging of such an Army as might beare the brunt of the whole power of the Empire Doe we now as much for their Highnesses the Dukes of Fridland and Bavaria The Army was much about the same number that we haue before set you downe Page 233 of our Second Part. For in the end of this Iuly that they encampt in Walenstein himselfe sent a List of his whole Forces unto his Imperiall Majesty at Vienna In it were 191 Cornets of Horse besides Crabats and Dragooners with 149 Foot Companies The Horse at 125 to a Cornett which is the usuall proportion amount to about 20000 And so many Dutch Horse he had indeed His Foot at 300
Swabach They rambled up and downe as farre as Vffenhaim also eight miles more to the Westward Kitzingen and Swinfort both were in some dread of them but that the river Mayn was a good Barricadoe betwixt them and the present danger All that countrey likewise which you see bounded with that mightie compasse of the river Mayne to the Northward even from Bamberg unto this Kitzingen was daily ouer-run and brought under contribution by their Horse-Partees On the Northern side of the Mayne also those Crabats that had their Quarters in and about Bamberg did at pleasure roave up and downe the countrey euen unto the very walles of Wurtsburg Due South of Norimberg moreover even as farre as the Bishopricke of Aichstet for above 30 English miles together was all at their devotion and did daily furnish the Imperiall Leaguer with provisions The Crabats who are the ranke-ryders and common harryers of the Imperiall Army had by this time plundered Hippolstein a pretty Towne betwixt Norimberg and Aichstet Having lodged there a-while they set it on fire at parting barbarously enough laughing at the poore mens miseries That they never used to pay their Hosts in other money The Townes of Carelsberg and Rostall on the West of Norimberg were also so served None faring so well as those that worst used them and that had the courage to let flye their Ordnance amongst them And thus farre was our Generalissimo absolute Master of the Field excepting those good Townes onely which had Swedish garrisons in them All this was done by the middle of Iuly 1632. and now turne wee backe againe unto Norimberg We told you before of the good order taken by Walenstein for the victualing of his Army which for all his care must be contented with the entertainment of the Warres and with many an Italian dinner The Generalissimo's ordinary dyet was sixe dishes a meale and two bottles of wine to it as long as it lasted The Kings table perchance was nothing better serv'd as relying wholly upon the Magazine of Norimberg Hence as I find it from severall hands assured was his Campe furnished with 8000 pound of bread 80000 some name daily The Norimbergers wanted Milles rather then come which the enemy had burnt downe Both parties were faine to Steward their provisions as thriftily as they could Walenstein that he might haue enough to starve the King withall and the King to be able to hold out till his sureties those other Armies which he had now sent for should be comne up to baile him That which most necessitated both the Armies was want of straw and Horse-meate for which whiles both sides sent out a foraging there fell out many a shrewd bickering betweene them one side carrying away oftentimes what the others had before mowed Walenstein kept his Army all this while under very good discipline nor durst he leave them any more at large unto the libertie of that former licentiousnesse which in other Warres they had beene let loose unto He very well knew how neere he now was unto a King of Sweden who still as any of the Imperialists durst venture abroad a Boot-haling had ever some Partee or other upon the the powles of them And in the same manner were the Swedes also served both sides taking their turnes according to advantage The first Warre that Walenstein now made with the King was a contention of courtesie for the man certainly is a gallant spirited personage and full of noblenesse Hee first of all and without ransome sent him home his well esteemed Colonell Dubatell whom as in the latter end of our Second Part we told you he had lately taken prisoner about Newmarckt With him sent he the King this complement That he had no other ambition Walenstein courts the King of Sweden then once to see his Majesty in good termes with the Emperour his Master and himselfe to have the honour to be the Instrument of it About a three weekes after the same courtesie did he againe unto Ritmaister Reyschel whom as he was seeking his adventure abroad the Crabats had taken prisoner His ransome did Walenstein first pay unto the takers and then entertaining him in faire manner at his owne Table franke and free sent him home after dinner with this message onely unto the King his Master That he esteemed his Majesty for the best Captaine of the World and that he would abundantly rest himselfe contented if he could not by force vanquish him yet that he might be the meanes to bring him to a good Treaty with the Emperour This being told the King as he after sate at table Hee smiling said That hee was ready to doe Walstein reason at all times The Kings answer and for that he show'd himselfe so honest a man He had no cause to wish his Person any ill the thing that he above all desired being that they two might have a crash together upon a faire campagnia Walenstein sends succour into Bavaria The Imperiall Generalissimo purposing to contract himselfe into his great Leaguer sends out first of all some of his Forces into other Countryes Some Bavarians and I have heard that there were 1â—000 of them though I beleeue not so many were sent backe into their owne Dukedome and Holck into Misnia About the 20th of Iuly was Holck Generall-Major of the Horse sent with 6000 Horse and 4000 Muskettiers towards the Duke of Saxonyes countrey His sending out of these Forces was first to giue the rest more roome at home who else should have layne more pent and pestered in their Quarters Secondly to ease himselfe of the charges of pay and victuals they abroad and why being to live as they could upon the Countrey His sending out of the Bavarians was to hinder Baniers ioyning with the King Cratz with them first way-laying him about Weissenburg and then afterwards with the helpe of Leopolds forces recovering Landsperg Schonga Fuessen and Munchen in Bavaria As for Holck he also was sent to hinder the ioyning of Duke William of Saxon-Weymar with the King and if he should come too late for that purpose then was he to fall into the Duke of Saxons Voitland and Misnia where after Duke Williams comming away he should find the lesse resistance Said it is Bavaria moues Walenstein to beate the Kings Quarter that the Duke of Bavaria should now be earnest with the Generalissimo to give on upon the King in his trenches and to venture the beating of him out before his reliefes should be comne up to him To this motion the same Relation makes Walenstein returne this answer That his Army was new as yet and if they should be beaten then were all Germany and Italy were endangered Walensteins answer but if Bavaria please to fall on first he would second him with all his forces About the end of Iuly did the Duke of Bavaria send an Expresse vnto the Count of Pappenheim to invite him rather to come with his forces from
lusty They were 12. Brigades of Foote besides commanded Muskettiers but of the Horse I have no certaintie The Imperialists hauing here broken downe the bridge the King causeth it to be repaired over which August the 20. in the euening the Army marched entrenching the same night before Bruck Now were 3. Regiments sent over to take up the passage at Furt which were the English the Blue and the Greene Regiments who there entrenching themselues Major-Generall Kniphausen came to commaund over them A solemne day of praier being had in the Swedish Leaguer for the happy ioyning and good successe of the Armies the King quitting his Trenches about Norimberg came the 21. Altogether ioyning with the King before Walensteins Trenches of August to meete the Chancellors Army they likewise advancing to meete him ioyned both Armies together about 12. or one a clocke the selfe same Tuesday All then being drawne up into Battaglia before the enemies Trenches stood there all that day to make a Brave upon him And thus haue I concluded this long digression for bringing up of all the Kings forces to him which if the Readers censure for too long an interuption from the Kings Storie I must in stead of answering craue a faire pardon of them And yet to say something towards a Reason Besides that it had beene pitty to have lost all their Stories I knew not on the sudden how to drop all these Armies out of the cloudes into the Kings Leaguer nor how bluntly and all at once to shoote them in an Engine as farre as Norimberg and therefore have I brought them faire and softly upon their feete all the way out of their severall Stations Now was the King resolued to bring the whole cause to a day of hearing and that as loud as the Cannons could roare it He was now full 36000. men in field though not all then in Battaglia The King of Bohemia by this time well recovered of his Leaguer-sicknesse was in the field with him The fight described August 21. both the Kings being desirous to tempt the enemy out of his Campe into faire Campagnia fully purposed if that offer were refused to set upon him in his Trenches And so might they if they pleased Walenstein would not budge a foote out of his Quarters On the Norimberg side of his Trenches therefore the King casts up three great Batteries and from thence plaid incessantly into Walensteins Quarters he thundering as furiously upon them againe The Swedish Muskettiers going neerer the Trenches were with small shot answered from them againe but neither small nor great shot did much harme upon one another sauing onely that Generall Banier going too neere to view a worke received a Musket bullet in the left arme above the elbow where it was left sticking The next day the King caused some greater peeces of Ordnance to be mounted upon his Batteries some of which shot 21. August 22. pound ball and some 42. Walenstein answering with some that shot 48. These roared upon one another for a great time together but the Kings plainely did little spoile upon the enemies The Walsteiners wisely withdrew themselues out the beate and raking of the Swedish Ordnance which were after the making of 700. shot perceived to doe more execution on the earth and trees then upon the enemies Now was it with perspective glasses to be discerned from off the Kings Batteries that there was scarce a Walsteiner to be seene stirring For this reason the King causeth his Ordnance to be dismounted not willing to smoake away so much powder in squibs nor to doe no more then plowe vp the ground with the grazing of so many bullets of that weight and height meerely shot off at an empty randome Yet one shot let me not omit because the King made it The King as t is written spying in the morning with his perspectiue from one of his Batteries a gallant Cavalier mounted and prancing before his Companies that surely saith the King should be either Walenstein or Altringer and have at him Causing therefore a peece to be traversed and bent full upon him the King tooke his levell and bade giue fire to it Vp into the aire flew the Cavalier horse and man but it proved to be but a Colonell The King having dismounted his owne Cannon and given order to haue the Norimbergers drawne out into the Trenches about the Towne he that day and the next passes the most part of his Army over the river Rednitz a little aboue Furt before named His purpose in it was to possesse himselfe of a certaine hill thereby by advantage whereof hee hoped assuredly either to batter out or beate out the enemy from his Quarters This done the 24. of our August being Saint Bartholomewes day was resolued upon for the generall onset The same 23. of August fell there out a skirmish on the further side of the Rednitz betwixt the Crabats and the Kings people at which whilest amongst other Gentlemen Master William Harvey before named was desirous to be present he was most unfortunately drowned in passing ouer the river A Gentleman he was who might one day haue merited a place in our owne Chronicles for few young Sparkes were there among the Nobility of any Nation either finelier made up more gentilely bred or more completely improued Nor is this more then a moderate Laudative of him for so say they that could iudge him very great therefore is the losse of such a Sonne to his honourable Parents but greater will be the want of such as he to his Native Countrey Walenstein perceiuing the Kings intention he the better to assure his Cannon and Ammunition retired himselfe into the Forest called Altemberg which belongeth unto the Marquesse of Onspach Here could he make use likewise of a certaine old Fortresse which had beene a Lodge or some such like thing in the younger dayes of it Here likewise did he very strongly entrench himselfe and barricadoed up all the wayes by cutting downe the trees round about him The hill was high and very steepe craggie withall and bushie so that it was an impossible thing almost to be taken from an enemy that had any courage to dispute it The Duke of Bavariaes Quarters as it hapned were at that time neerest to the King and the danger and among his men the Canon bullets mostly lighted The great fight August 24. Bartholmew day being comne the worke was begun with Prayers for the happy successe of it So the King of Sweden still used nor thought he himselfe either arm'd or valiant till he had prayed That morning about nine a clocke was there a certaine Footman or Lackey of Altringers brought prisoner to the King who as by pregnant circumstances was afterwards collected had beene purposely exposed by the enemy to be taken prisoner by us This slye fellow very confidently informed the King How that the most part of Walensteins Horse had already forsaken their Quarters and were about to runne
the Ausburgers were defeated of the King the same day being gone with all speed backe to Nordlingen The cause of this so sudden departure of his Majestie was an expresse Packet that night received from his Chancellor that Walenstein having quit Franconia is diverted by the newes of Walensteins falling into Voitland was now falling into Voitland to undoe the Duke of Saxony The King therefore knowing how earnestly the Elector had heretofore beene pressed by Ambassages feared perchance least the power of a vowed enemy might by adding violence unto perswasiō shrewdly prevaile to draw him off from the party and resolved to quit his former purposes for Bavaria and to make hast with all speed to deliver Saxony And in this was the difference of tempers and good dispositions betwixt the King and our Generalissimo to be discovered The King was first in Bavaria and yet would not the Duke of Fridland for his friends sake doe more then lend him his Altringer with his and Coloredoes Regiments for the defence of his Countrey but himselfe would not a foot out of his pace and march for him But the King for his friend on the other side was not difficult to leave his former conquests in Bavaria to the hazard of the now returning Duke and to adventure his life to save Saxony And yet to deale with the ingenuity of an Historian there was something else in it too for that Walstein by falling into Misnia put faire for it to have cut off the King both from his friends in Mecklenburg Brandenburg and Pomerania and from his retreat out of Germany whereupon leaving 12000 men in Bavaria with the Palatine Birckenfelt The King therefore now leaving as many of those Switzers that were newly comne to him and of some new levied Forces besides so many of those which himselfe had lately brought up with him as would make up those already in Bavaria 12000 men Horse and Foot under the command of the Palatine Christian of Birckenfelt for the guard of Bavaria himselfe with the rest goes backe againe towards Norimberg Sir Patrick Ruthven Governour of Vlm was now made Sergeant-Major-Generall unto Birckenvelt and Colonell Strieff was constituted Leiftenant Generall of the Horse to him Ausburg Rain and Donawert were left well provided and so tooke the King his last leave of Bavaria hee returnes with the rest towards Norimberg His Majesty now leaving 17 Cornets of Horse and all his three Regiments of Foot to follow fairely after him himselfe with a guard onely of some Germane Horse and Steinbocks 300 Dragooners made all the hast he could backe againe unto Norimberg Whilest the King was upon his way to Norimberg had the Generall Major Kniphausen besieged Lauff which the King we told you before his going to Bavaria was on the way to have reskewed Kniphausen had 1600 Foot and 200 Norimbergers Horse with two peeces of Ordnance before the towne and two dayes had he besieged it before the Kings comming had beene heard of Kinphausen besieges Lauff The third day by a breach made with his two peeces he tooke the towne the garrison in it retiring themselves into the Castle Betwixt the towne and the Castle was there a Bridge which for hast they could not stay to burne or breake but had onely torne up some of the ioyses and timbers and so left it Kniphausens men making shift to passe this bridge came to a little gate of the Castle which offering to force open the garrison presently yeelded up without any other conditions Lauff taken then at mercy The Governour a Bohemian by nation and but Lieftenant-Captaine to a troope of Horse remained prisoner with some 80. or 100. more of his souldiers all which were afterwards carried prisoners unto Norimberg Kniphausen now in possession of the Castle 7. Bavarian Horsemen not knowing of it came that night on the land-side to the backe gate of the Castle to give notice of Colonell Munichs comming with 12. troopes or 1000. Horse and 300. Dragooners to the reliefe of it desiring to speake with the Governour and to advise him to hold out the Castle The Swedish Sentinell that tooke their message had the wit to conceale the Castles being taken and to goe and tell Kniphausen of it Kniphausen presently sent the late Governour to these 7. Horsemen by some tricke or other to get them into the Castle The Governour being afraid to be hang'd as his Predecessor the Norimbergers Governour had beene when Gallas tooke the Castle durst not but doe his best to ingratiate himselfe with Kniphausen and did indeed entice 3. of the 7. into the Castle Kniphausen learning by these of the Bavarian succours now comming to relieve the place had a plot also how to haue gotten Colonel Munich himselfe into the pitfall This was his stratageme A pretty Stratageme He causes some out of the Towne to giue false fire all the night against the Castle and others out of the Castle against them againe as if they had beene still in skirmish T was 10. a clocke next morning ere Munich came by which time having notice of the taking of the Castle he did but show himselfe before it after an houre retyring himselfe backe againe Hee being gone Kniphausen returned unto Norimberg The day of the taking of the Castle which was Fryday October 21. did the King arrive at Norimberg the very next day being desirous to goe out upon a Partee His men were these 700. The King being returned to Norimberg commanded Horse and 300. Dragooners led by Colonell Steinbock a Swede which had beene his guards hitherto out of Bavaria The King now going out meetes Kniphausen comming home and of him he learned which way Colonel Munich was retired which was first to Hersbruck goes out upon a Partee and so towards Felden The King thereupon commanded Kniphausen to turne backe againe with him after the Bavarians for saies He I le not goe home againe without doing something The Kings march lay by Herschbruck a good walled towne of the Norimbergers which Gallas had also taken in and leauing Kniphausen to take in Herschpruck There the King left Kniphausen with his owne men and 2. peeces to reprise it which he did within an houre after the Kings going The King pursuing Munich by the tracke light upon some of his people as they were resting themselues at Schlucten and another village hard by Felden Many of these were Crabats whom the King had the killing of 300. upon the place with the taking of some 2. Cornets and divers prisoners The King having caused the villages they were enquartered in to be first surrownded and then fired had the knocking of them downe as they start out to have escaped Some Relations tell me of 600. Bavarians that should be enquartered in a village betwixt Altfelt and Eismansberg a little East of Herschbruck who should have comne out of Reichelswang Castle himselfe surprises and defeates Munich in his Quarters and
Battell of LVTZEN THose two great Antagonists of our times his Majestie of Sweden and his Excellency the Duke of Fridland were now becomne the publickest persons of our Christian World scarcely was there any one man of all the affectionates to the Protestant Party that dealt for but 50. pounds a yeere but the King of Swedens proceedings had some secret influence and activity upon himselfe and fortunes For the Duke of Fridland we first see how much straining among the Catholike Party there had beene to set him out how many feares and hopes did still depend upon his conduct and what a weakenesse and emptinesse there was in the whole Empire besides all the time that the strength of it was under him employed against the King of Sweden Whilest all men were in expectation what the Norimberg Leaguers would come unto that mighty and vaste bodie of the Empire grew feebler still and feebler in all the other parts of it which when Walenstein gat at large was by the succours sent out of his Army iollily cherisht and nurst up againe So feeble was the Empire at home even in its owne Austria that it was neither able to kill nor so much as to shake off it s owne vermine for no better were they at Vienna esteemed those * These Boores rise not for Religion they were not Protestants all but by reason of the new taxations And therefore when they sent to the King of Sweden for Leaders he refused them nobly scorning to conquer his enemy by his Rebels mutinous Boores I meane which became troublesome in the Over Ens and upon the Danuby in a popular Commotion Every where abroad had the Swedish Armies the better and the Imperiall the worst of it Horn was victorious in Triers and Alsatia and had thence frighted out Ossa and Monte Cuculi Arnheim and Dubalt had utterly almost beaten downe all opposition in Silesia and would have suddenly beene at very good leysure either to have converted their Armes upon Bohemia or to have sent home forces enow to have throwne Holck out of Misnia There was little to doe about Bavaria till that Monte Cuculi had iust now broken in againe Cratz falling into Walensteins displeasure as I heare was sent away prisoner to Vienna and in his absence Fugger did but shufflle up and downe in those quarters Duke Iulius Administrator of Wirtemberg The State of the warres abroad when the King and Walenstein parted and Sir Patricke Ruthven about Vlm and Over-land were still upon the getting hand in the Circle of Schwaben there being no maine Army in the field constantly to oppose them thereabouts but some few forces of the Arch-Duke Leopolds and the Boores onely The Army under Generall Wrangle with whom Sir George Fleetwood is with his English Regiment had a quiet Quarter of it in Prussia the Pole whom he was set but to obserue being busied now at home about the election of their owne King and in feare of the Muskovite from abroad The Swedish garrisons about Pomern and Mecklenburg wanted worke and the Spaniards and the Lorrayners were as good at this time as quite outted all over Germany Of all the Imperiall Generalls was Pappenheim onely able to wagge and he indeed made a scambling kind of warre of it in the Lower Saxony whom yet the Court of Vienna had desired to ioyne with his Generalissimo And this was the constitution of the Swedish Armies when the King and the Duke of Fridland rose from about Norimberg the Kings men had either no action at all or every where but in the lower Saxony the better of it The same power now that had given them these advantages would every day also have increased them and the Imperiall Armies were brought to that passe that they were every day in danger to be beaten after which it was likely to be a long day ere they would be re-enforced This was one of the reasons by which the Duke of Fridland used to excuse himselfe from fighting it out with the King of Sweden for saith he if my Army be overthrowne Walensteines reason for not fighting the Emperor my Master can hardly at least not this yeere bring another Army into the Field whereas the Swedish will quickely recreute their losses by the emptying of their garrisons Iust the answer of a Turkish Captive unto the Christians The losse of an Army to the Grand Signior my Master is but like the shaving of his beard the bush will grow againe but t is like the lopping off a limme to the Christians never to be recovered All this could hardly have beene avoyded on the Imperiall party could but the King of Sweden have laine long enough by it to have made Walenstein rise first who might not then have devided his Army to relieve other places which thereupon must have suffered but have kept all his power together out of the expectation to be foughten withall But this the Kings necessities before spoken of prevented The Duke of Fridlands late comming unto Norimberg was to coope up the King of Sweden by which first act of his power he seem'd at first hearing What Walenstein had done all this time upon the King to have gained this reputation unto his cause That he had at least put the King of Sweden to a Demurrer if not utterly Non-suited him For this service was the Generalissimo as he deserved much courted and thanked from Vienna his discreet conduct in it extraordinarily applauded by his Master yea and his authority upon demaund by anew Imperiall Commission strangely now augmented The Kings necessities having brought him to it That he must needs rise first or lye still and doe nothing Walenstein contented himselfe with this honour That he had put him to these necessities The King being first marcht off and Walenstein by his espialls assured that it was no plot in the King no tricke to wheele about and to assayle him in another quarter He rises but that he was already set downe at Neustat for the refreshing of his Army he having no more to doe here resolues also to be rising This motion was much put forward by these and the like reasons First Should he lye long other places must suffer and his reasons for it so that there was a present and a pressing necessity for him to relieve other places with some of his forces The Generall-Adjutant Zinzindorff is therefore sent with 2. Regiments into Austria to represse the Commotion of the Boores there Gallas is with 4. Regiments dispatched thorow the Vpper Palatinate into Voitland to enable Holck to doe the more mischiefe there and in Misnia so to enforce the Duke of Saxony to recall his Army out of Silesia Secondly He perceived his mightie vaste Army to waste away apace Some thousands had beene slaine many dead and runne away divers spoyl'd and made unserviceable The bloody Fluxe reigned mightily in his Leaguer and the souldiers great complaint was of an extraordinarie want both of
easily especially where he found himselfe vsed like a King and sued vnto Himselfe would say when he tooke notice now and then of this touchinesse of his owne nature so apt with a little spark to take fire That he must endure ever and anon the diversities of their humours the flegme of some and the drinke of others and that in equity therefore they ought something the better to beare with his cholericknesse And an indifferent temper in men would have passed by this infirmity in him could they have but consideted the multitudes and varieties of those greater thoughts which were still agitated in that ever working braine and spirit of his wound up and labouring upon the stretch without intermission A man me thinks should doe with a bad humor in a Prince as with a bad Angell give him his full Graines and Allowances and then weigh him But if you please to put into the either skale those extraordinary many vertues in him his sweetnesse of disposition his easinesse of accesse the familiarnesse of his carriage his care that every common souldier should have his due and his moderation in the greatnesse of his successes not thinking his shaddow one spanne the more spreading then surely the beame would so cast it on the better sâ—ide that his choler would seeme but as the dust of the balance to them But yet another fault was there in this most excellent Prince which now hath spoyl'd all the rest That namely his courage suffered his Iudgement no better to distinguish betwixt the duties of a common Carabin and a Generall of an Army but would adventure the King as farre as the Leader of a Partee and that by consequence he tooke no better care for the saving and sparing of the best blood of the Army but was too too prodigall an unthrift of it The marvaile is not that he was so hazardous of it in a Cause so glorious but that in all those encounters he lost no more of it his owne life perpetually being as farre and forwardly engaged and still running the same hazards with the meanest of his Army But yet for taking off this blame from him this in his discharge is to be said That that naturall constitution of his not of fire onely but of flame made all the valour and couragiousnesse of his Army behold unto his example and that the well speeding of his so many victories was principally to be ascribed to his presence in the encounters the very sight of such a Leader like some puissant Aspect in the heavenly Constellations infusing a secret influence and irrradiation of courage into his owne and of fright and terrour into his enemies And by these excellencies arrived he to this height of glory even of a military glory And see what a true-rais'd Fame can doe it hath something in it not onely beyond the nature of an Eagle but of a Starre too for the higher aire this Prince wrought himselfe up into the fuller still and the liker Statua his vertues have appeared and he bigned upon the eye of envie in his Mountie Bodies meerly up of craft or fortune doe out of cunningnesse affect to conceale their owne greatnesses Like Mercury among the Plantets who though of a fiery and a flushing luster yet so politicke a Courtier and close a waiter he is and that upon industry as by ever crowding neer the Sunne he hath gained to walke so farre obscured under his Masters glories that his devoutest servants the Astronomers can seldome or never procure the sight of him Wheras Bodyes made up of true worth and substance are like the Sunne it selfe then arrived to the brightest of their Beauties when in the highest degree of their Exaltations And this is something towards the Character of the King of Sweden whilest he was And alas that I must say Whilest he was Now would I give all my part in Grammer to alter but one Tense and to say He is But because He is no more amongst us this Character and Story of his may serve in stead of his Picture to conserve his memory I confesse I am not Limner cunning enough to give every part of him his true stelling and proportion nor have I the Art either with sweete touches or bold and masterly stroaks so to heigthen up my Peece or make it to stand off as every way to be like him In this onely doe I please my selfe that those who have had the honour to be about his person may here refigure a touch or two that come something neere the Life of him This also I assure my selfe of that those nobler foes who have sometimes beene made feele his Armes will be amongst the liberallest to contribute towards his praises if it be but onely to take off something from their owne losses to justifie their owne disgraces and to show that no man inferiour to this Character could have beene thus active and successefull upon them That which is admirable beyond all the rest is That this Prince hath left the affaires behind him in an estate seeming advantageous to both parties The one side thinke skales turn'd by his killing His owne Allyes he left in possession of more then two third parts of Germany of the better townes and the greater rivers even from the Vistula in Muskovia unto the Rhine and Danuby the Oder the Elb the Danuby the Mayn and the Rhine all these are witnesses of his personall Trophees and so are the Weser and the Mosel of others of his Captaines To continue these Conquests he left seven faire Armies behind him with their Generals In the Vpper Saxony his owne to Duke Bernard in the Lower Saxony a 2d. under Baron Kniphausen In Silesia a third under Dubalt In Bavaria a fourth under the Palatine Birckenfelt About Cullen a fifth under Baudissin in Alsatia a sixth under Gustavus Horn and in Schwabland a seuenth under The Duke of Wirtemberg and Sir Patrick Ruthven I reckon not the Saxons the Lunenburgers the Bremers nor the Hessens because under their owne Princes though all whilest he lived by him as the Generall Director of the Wars to be commanded Adde to this the strength of his Confederacies all Princes excepting those of the House of Austria some few Italians and the Catholike Leaguers being his Allyes What now remaineth but that the Protestant Princes of the Empire doe goe on still to pursue the advantages which he left unto them to banish all personall jealousies and mis-intelligences to soder up all old ruptures and divisions to lay aside the standing upon their punto's and the Heraldry of their genealogies and to suffer the Warres to be conducted not by Princes of the best Houses but the greatest abilities to husband their time and oportunities to presse action and not to bee too tedious in their consultations to take advantage of what is both passed and present to study how to conserve their owne estates under that of the Empire to communicate their counsels and unite their Forces
conduce to the good of the Realme And at last by the helpe of the Almighty and in the name of the Blessed Trinity we haue closely vnited and strongly bound and tyed our selues and after this coniunction promise and obligement among our selues we have confirmed and established That which is here underwritten and as followeth 1. 1. Article Inprimis Whereas the death of our blessed and renowned King hath caused a Kingly raigne to cease among us and the Cause so being that their is no Heyer-Male left behind his Maiesty nor any Children of any Hereditary Prince which might by undoubted right succeed according to the Lawes and constitutions of the Realme We have not disapprooved of that which was concluded at Workoping Anno 1604. concerning the Renewing of the Hereditary coniunction and concerning the Daughters of our Kings and Heyer-Princes which in that assembly was confirmed and enacted As also that which unanimously and ioyntly was concluded by us here present at Stockholm anno 1627. on the 4th of December as followeth That in case his blessed and famous Maiesty should happen to decease We did conclude that his daughter the Princesse the High borne Christina should be chosen for our Queene and Inheritrix of our Kingdome And therefore at this time doe we againe establish unanimously and that in consideration of the famous and magnanimous acts and deeds of the two worthy Kings King Gustavus the first and especially of King Gustavus the last lately deceased whom iustly we may terme Gustavus the Great by which two and more especially by the latter we have received admirable benefit and fame and consequently are bound to render all honour and respect to this well-borne Princesse according to our former promise and obligation and doe now renew what we heretofore have maturely confirmed That is to say Wee doe declare pronounce and confirme advisedly unanimously freely and without constraint The high and mightie Princesse Christina Daughter of his renowned Maiestie Gustavus Adolphus the Second and Great King Queene of the Swedes Gothes and Vandales lawfully chosen as also Haereditary Princesse Great Dutchesse of Finland Dutchesse of Estland and Carellen our most deare and gracious Queene And by these presents wee doe oblige our selves and our associates confederates and Princes and Peeres of our Kingdome inhabitants and subiects of this Realme to affoord her gratious Maiestie all true and due service and obedience and doe inaugurate her said Maiesty and establish her in whatsoever in righteousnesse maybe answerable before God and Man Insomuch that her Maiesty shall have full power and Authority to command us in all particulars And to this end as true faithfull and loyall subiects we doe confirme and ratifie the Lawes of the Realme for her Majestie And moreover we doe here promise and oblige our selues to stand for her Maiesties safety good and welfare as of the Kingdome even upon the danger of our lives and losse of our goods Provided that her Maiestie when she shall come to yeeres and full possession of the Government and rule of the Kingdome shall make assurance to us and the whole State of whatsoever may concerne the maintaining of all our liberties lawes and priviledges c. as the like hath formerly beene done by our late Kings in the best forme that may be especially by her Maiesties Father his Maiestie of blessed Memory King Gustavus the 2d. and hath by the State of the Kingdome beene approoved 2d. Article 2. Secondly we conclude that in case any one high or low of whatsoever place dignity or quality whether of the State of Sweden or other parts subiect to the Crowne of Sweden doe refuse either with meanes presence obedience and all requisite subiection to subscribe and submit to this our resolution and establishment and shall dare to oppose this Act of ours or to bend his heart eye or hand to any other whosoever it may be Inhabitant within our Dominions or forrainer We doe hold esteeme and declare the same party to be a distracted and separated member from our Body and an enemy yea Traitor of the Kingdome and the same person who ever it be being once convinced of a crime of this nature shall bee punished without mercy 3. 3d. Article Thirdly although it seeme not absolutely necessary now to relate the former Constitutions and Statutes made and concluded upon against King Sigismundus of Polonia and his Children which were grounded upon good reasons and necessary proofes yet notwithstanding to remoove all obstacles and obiections from the simply honest meaning people We doe confirme and establish by these presents That this may be lawfully done which we doe now notwithstanding whatsoever hath formerly beene concluded against King Sigismund his Children and Descendants And therefore doe declare them to have no right or interest to the Crowne of Sweden or to any part of the Dominions or Iurisdictions there under comprehended but all their right and pretences to be lost void forfeited and in the lapse from this time forth for ever And if it should so fall out which God forbid that any Swedes or who-ever they may be under the Crowne of Sweden in high place and dignity should unadvisedly goe about either secretly or openly to stand up in the behalfe of any of the Children of Sigismundus or his Descendants to be received into the Kingdome of Sweden or to yeeld them any footing within the Iurisdictions or upon the Frontiers of the same Kingdome Wee doe hold the same person how soever he be for a pernicious and haynous Traitour both to us and the whole State And if any such shall dare to stand out and persevere in so vile an insolency he shall be sure to meete with the mercilesse punishment due to such a Traitour And moreover whosoever he be that shall give eare and leave to any such and not in time make it manifest and knowne with his intent that way shall be subiect and lyable to the same punished In like sort shall all those be punishment that shall dare to harbour or lodge any such persons without giving notice and intelligence to authority Now whereas at Orebroo in the yeere 1617. the 27th of February an expresse and absolute order and decree was established against all such by the Peeres and whole State of the Realme we will and ordaine by these presents that the same decree henceforward remaine as inviolable as if the same were herein expressed word by word Wherefore It is now by us concluded and decreed that the same decree of Orebroo shall be fully executed and that to the same end all Lords and Iudges Officers c. each according to his place and office shall be bound to have an especiall care for the execution and performance of the same as he will otherwise answer it at his perill 4th Article 4. Fourthly With unaminous consent and deliberation we here confirme renew conclude and establish what formerly at other times Assemblies and Diets hath concerning the Service
thus brought into a place of safetie and these 3 good townes with others taken order for part of the Armie is sent with the yong Rhinegrave towards the Mosel The Swedish sent towards the Mosel to oppose Don Cordova fresh newes being againe brought to Mentz that Don Cordova was comne almost as neere as Triers with 22 troopes of horse and 6000 foot forces This was about the beginning of our May the 8 of which moneth Duke Bernard Weymar having at Mentz discharged himselfe of the Armie goes through Wormbs immediately up into Bavaria to the King of Sweden the cause of whose discontent wee shall anon tell you when namely wee enter into Gustavus Hornes Storie Wee left the Count of Embden within Spires whose Armie since their taking of that towne had attempted nothing upon the rest of the countrey excepting onely that he enquartered some troopes in Aenwiler Cron-Weissenburg and Landaw The occasion for this was I suppose in the Marquesse of Baden as wee shall tell you by and by From the townesmen of Spiers notwithstanding any former conditions made with Horneck did the Count demand 100000 Dollars The Count of Embdens doings in Spiers which upon their complaint of povertie were moderated to 80000. His souldiers made bold with their Hosts now and then if they saw any thing that liked them Diverse of the richer sort were now likewise accused for former practises with the Swedes but the quarrell was not to the men but to their purses The Marquesse William of Baden he that is commonly called so having beene by his Imperiall Majestie appointed his Generall heretofore in this Circle of the Rhine The Marquesse of Baden demands to have Spiers surrendred unto him sent word now unto the Count of Embden that he had order from his Imperiall Majestie to take the citie of Spiers which was the Chamber of the Empire into his owne charge and Imperiall protection The Count returned him this answere That he for his part had commission from the King of Spaine to take in so much of the countrey as had heretofore beene Spanish so that every man being obliged to perform his best service for his owne Master The Count of Embdens deniall of it to expect his commands only hee could not see that hee ought to yeeld up his possession in the place untill hee saw some order for it from the Court of Brussells This returne was the Marquesse constrained to accept of for an answere But the Count of Embden very suddenly after this was fayne of himselfe to forsake the towne without receiving any other Commission from Brussells then that hee could not from thence be relieved His necessities The Swedish troopes alreadie advanced towards the Mosel intercercepted a Courryer and a Packet of his to Don Cordova and her Highnesse the Archduchesse That unlesse he might be seconded from thence within 14 dayes he should no wayes be able to keep his possession in the countrey but be constrained to venture his Armie into the mercy of the Swedes at his countermarching And so it fell out indeed For the Rhinegrave having with his Armie by this time taken possession of the Huntsruck Don Cordova that was now advanced as high as Triers judged it a better peece of Soldiery to retire againe with his Armie then to adventure it upon such difficulties Some of his horse and 2 Commissaries as I find amongst them being sent over Triers bridge into the Huntsruck to discover the posture of the Rhinegrave and to make provisions for the following Armie Don Cordova cannot get over the Mosel were light upon by the Swedish and sent prisoners into Mentz Those that escaped carryed this word backe unto Don Cordova that the Swedish were too strong for him in the Huntsruck and that they had possest themselves of all the advantageous Poasts in the woods and mountaines This newes caused Cordova to retyre and to leave the Count of Embden but in a bad taking The Count of Embden forced to forsake Spiers Some other necessities pincht at the same time upon the Count of Embden The Chancellor Oxenstiern had an Armie in his way to hinder his retreate and so made it dangerous for him to goe and the Marshalls De la Force and D' Effiat were alreadie parted out of Lorrayne and into the edge of the Palatinate with a French Armie and this made it as dangerous to stay also So that goe or stay there was danger in it And true it is that the French Army was by the 21 of May and the Reasons comne as farre as Zweibrucken the town of the Palatine the Duke of Deux Ponts upon the Westerne frontiers of the Palatinate about 40 miles distant from Spiers citie The comming of these French forces was in favour of the Elector of Triers whom his Majesty of France had against the Spanish taken into his protection Two prime forts had this Elector of Triers both which he had yeelded to consigne over into the French Kings hands and these this Armie now came though the Elector perchance could have better beene contented not to have beene put to it to make this consignation to take possession of One of these Fortresses was the towne and castle of Vdenheim and this was close by Spiers The French come with an army through the Palatinate within 6 English miles of it too neere to be ill neighbours The other strength they went to take seisin of was the castle of Hermanstein where the Mosel falls into the Rhine and this corner if the French gat into they would prove very troublesome to the Spanish in their passage backe againe through the Huntsruck And so indeed it after hapned To these two is a third necessity to be added The Prince of Orange was now preparing for the field so that there was likely to be more use for the Spanish at home in the Low-Countries then here above in the Palatinate And these are some of the reasons that constrained the Count of Embden so suddenly to forsake these quarters This is sure That about the same day moneth that he took Spiers citie upon he againe forsooke it Saturday April 21. he entred it upon Whitsun Munday May 21 he again leaves it Don Philip de Sylva who had so long beene Generall in these * He was Generall of all the Spanish in the Palatinate and the 2 Electorates of Mentz and Triers parts upon the Rhine now prepares likewise to returne home with the Armie This Generall tooke order before his parting for the re-enforcing of the garrison of Franckendale with 3 fresh troopes of horse and 1200 footmen The Magazine he also caused to be new stored and the sicke and unserviceable people to be brought out of it For the defence of Spiers did the Count of Embden appoint 1000 horse and Foot and so left the neighbour countrey to the direction of the Marquesse of Baden as hee had desired The Generall Ossa perceiving
be every where blockt up by his horse quarters he by mid June drawes all the forces out of Spiers and Germersheim and retires home-wards to the defence of Alsatia and that which he calls his owne Marquisate of Baden And into these parts Gustavus Horn presently sent the wars after him The Rhinegrave after the departure of the Spanish for want of other employment made a designe for the recovery of Kirchberg wherein they had left a garrison The Rhinegrave had advanced the service even to the making of a saultable breach in the wall The Rhinegrave besieging Kirchberg and the mounting of his scaling ladders His men having order now to storme so soone as they perceived the resolutenesse of the defendants and that a Leiftenant who had the point and fell first on upon the Breach was with 50 of his followers shot dead upon the place they could by no meanes bee perswaded to give on after them but cowardly enough came running off againe faster then ever they went forward And thus was the Rhinegrave faine to sound the retreate and for that time is beaten off againe to levie his owne siege of Kirchberg Shortly after this when namely the French Armies were comne a little neerer to these quarters and Gustavus Horne upon his march thitherward to the sieges of Coblentz and of Grafenberg the Spanish in this towne Simmern and other places yeelded upon the first summons and went off with soldierly Conditions This siege was in the end of May and the beginning of our June by which time was Gustavus Horn comne downe out of Bavaria from the King of Sweden with commission to command the Armie in the parts about the Rhine and Mosel GUSTAVUS HORNS PROCEEDINGS From the time of his being sent downe out of Bavaria by the King untill the time of his going up againe thither with an Armie after the Kings Death HOw the gallant yong Cavalier Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar second brother unto Duke William had at the Kings marching up into Bavaria beene left behinde with the Armie about the Palatinate you may collect by what hath beene before written The reason forwhich his leaving there is no secret in those parts His birth which is of an Electorall familie his hopes sure if he lives to be heire to his Unckle the Duke of * This old Duke being since dead there is another heirelesse Prince in the possession after whom the Honor is entaild upon Duke Bernard Saxon-Coburg with his personall valour and abilities had allured the King of Sweden to settle some desires upon him Seldome hath there beene any great act of warre but that something of Love hath chanc'd in betweene as if to cheere and sweeten the sad Scene of it This observation would the Poets thus represent by still bringing in a Venus into Mars his storie The God of love is painted armed and Love though a comicall passion yet still beares it a Part either in the Plot or the Catastrophe of warres Tragedie All Stories would be full of these discourses had they the luck of it like that of the 12 Caesars to have a Suetonius as well as a Tacitus a chamber-Blab to tell tales of what was enacted in the withdrawing roome as well as what was executed in the Leaguer The King of Sweden plainely had made some private overtures unto Duke Bernard of a marriage betwixt him and a faire yong Swedish Ladie daughter to his owne Sister whom his Queene had brought with her into Germanie This Ladie being left with the Queen about Franckford Duke Bernard was left about Mentz also by which neerenes he had the better oportunity to make Court unto his Mistresse Where the fault was I know not Sure it is that in the Kings absence there had fallen out some discontent betwixt Duke Bernard and the Rex-Chancellor Oxenstiern The occasion was for that the Chancellor had given some command over the Armie The cause of Duke Bernards going up to the King which Duke Bernard had expected unto the Rhinegrave Not unto that Cavalier the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowick Leiftenāt of the horse but unto the Rhinegrave Otto unckle to this Gētleman who had heretofore been a suiter unto the King to bestow the towne and Jurisdiction of Bingen upon him which had beene part erewhiles of the Elector of Mentz his Bishopricke Duke Bernard hereupon going up to the King then at Munchen received some hopes of satisfaction and of being made Leiftenant Generall of the Foot unto his Majestie which hee withall expected should by sound of trumpet have beene proclaimed throughout the Armie But the King suspecting how ill Sir Iohn Banier whose place that is must needs take that gave not that content unto Duke Bernard in this particular A speech there sometimes likewise was in the Armie that Duke William Saxon-Weymar should have beene Generalissimo or Leiftenant Generall overall the Kings Armies and Commanders These misses caused some private discontent in Duke William and his brother Bernard which some suspect was never heartily taken off againe to the Kings dying day However the King to give Duke Bernard and his brother some content immediately sent away Gustavus Horn to command that Armie about the Rhine and Mosel which Duke Bernard came from that so there might be one lesse in the Armie betwixt the King and them and when at his comming out of Bavaria hee left Duke William with an Armie he had the Title of Leiftenant-Generall And this is some part of the secret and of Gustavus Horns comming downe to this Armie for Duke Bernards going up and Gustavus Horns so sudden comming downe towards the Palatinate Gustavus Horn comming Post out of Bavaria upon Munday being Barnabee the brights day June 11 arrived at Franckford whence the next day hee went to Mentz unto the Chancellor Here they 2 first overlooking and then new ordering the Armie drew it out into the field presently The Spaniards then in possession of most of the best townes in the Elector of Triers his countrie the Chapter and some of the people favouring them perceiving by this time that the Swedes were likely to come against them in favour of the French and that the French themselves under the marshall D'Estre D'Effiat now dead in 2 severall Bodies were comming neerer every day and neerer to them they finde meanes The Spaniards thrust a garrison into Coblents by the favour aforesaid to choppe a garrison all on the sudden into Coblentz The situation of this towne served their turne severall wayes 1. It commands the passage of the Rhine on the Western bancke whereof it is seated and there too * Of the meeting and confluence of these 2 rivers together is Coblentz in Latine called Confluentia where the river Mosel falls into it 2. It became as ill as a Blockhouse against the most strong Castle of Ehrenbreisten or Hermanstein which is the Bishops Palace upon the other banck of the Rhine into which he had lately admitted
it to countenance the cause yet were no publike levyes set on foot to defend it That which broke the plot for the time was the Count of Tillies letters to them not so much for the Reason or Rhetorick in them but for the authoritie of the writer of them an Army is a shrewd Topick-place for to draw arguments from it perswades terribly The Germanes were very well able to distinguish of the obedience unto Caesar which Tilly advised them to have regard unto The thing they were willing withall it was their duty but the degree of obeying was that which most troubled them What Tilly called obedience they feared might prove slaverie they found a contestation in themselves betwixt the keeping of their obedience and the preservation of their liberties and how these two might possibly hold long together was a difference which they had not yet reconciled Thus hath it oftentimes fallen out in the Empire divers Common wealths there having great priviledges they will league one with another and struggle hard to preserve them so that when ever Caesar hath projected great desires then beganne the conflict Better therefore even for both parties is a Monarchie then such an Empire This was the purpose of the Generall letters unto their assemblie MY LORDS c. Tillies Letter I Have to my great wonderment received newes of late of that generall meeting of certaine Protestant Electors Princes and States at the towne of Leipsich and how they have with one consent there agreed to raise a common and a mighty army among them all that they have already gotten together a great power and have more forces daylie in levying Now that these preparations of those princes could not but with great danger be promoted and must of necessitie be the causes of a great distraction they all knew seeing that all private armings which were undertaken without the consent of the Emperor did not only occasion many a sinister suspition among the people but were flatly likewise forbidden to be made by the fundamentall constitutions of the Empire Having assurance therefore of their present consultation at Hamborow for the best way of subscribing unto the said Diet of Leipsich he could not but advise them friendly that in their said consultation they would make this the chiefest of their thoughts how they might preserve their Faith and obedience unto Caesar His advise unto them therefore was that they should be chary of withdrawing themselves from the Emperors service who was their Soveraigne Magistrate but that as faithfull and good subjects they should persevere rather in their due obedience not suffering themselves to be drawne aside unto any contrary undertakings He wisht them seriously to consider withall how that as all their safeties and well-beings did solely and wholly depend upon their Lord the Emperor so on the contrary was there nothing to be expected from other princes and from forrainers especially who meerly intended their owne private but the losing of their priviledges and Commerce the ruine of their States and the necessary drawing on of a publick servitude How frequently hath experience taught us what miserable events hath unevitably befallen those people that have leagued against his Imperiall Majestie and had embroyld themselves in a warre against him For these reasons he nothing hereafter doubted but they would so well consider upon what might follow that these his admonitions which in the sincerity of his soule hee propounded unto them should finde some place among their consultations and that they should not hereafter need any other Monitor to remember them of persevering in their due loyaltie and obedience This if they did it would be a most strong recommendation of them unto Caesar both to continue his grace and favour royall unto them to enfranchise them with more ample priviledges and to doe any thing for the promoting preserving and inlarging of their present conditions and commerces For the doing of all which their continuing in obedience must needs give his Imperiall Majestie a most large occasion May 19. 1631. Your very loving Friend John Count of Tilly. Who can blame an adversarie for using the best Colours and flourishes he can finde to carry his owne cause withall And let this be the glosse to the Generall Tillies reasons that they were pressed by an enemie However their owne feares prevailed with them and what they did next they did more privately Their wills were still good unto the Cause and they underhand promoted the Decrees of Leipsich Thus as the King of Sweden grew stronger they grew more courageous and when the Protestant Princes struck in also with them then was there another assemblie a little more boldly talkt upon Greene wood laid neere the fire naturally shrincks up it selfe contracts its owne pores and opennesse by which the flame might enter it that by a neerer uniting of its parts it might prepare it selfe for resistance The same operation had the burning of Magdenburg now newly this moneth done upon these its neighbour and confederate Cities it did as much arme as terrifie them The King of Sweden also dayly more and more prevailing some of the Princes of this Circle beganne to take Commissions from him to levy and arme for him he became the Protector of their publicke libertie and under him they singly promoted their personall pretences The Duke of Lunenburg as next heire to the Dukedome of Brunswick the present ruling Duke Vlrick having no likelyhood of issue he armes to put in for that which Tilly had almost devoured The Archbishop of Bremen had lost his towne of Stoade and almost all his whole Countrey was now possessed by Imperiall garrisons which Tillie had left there Other Princes yea all of them had the same grievances and all now resolved to recover their Countries The Generall Tilly being throughly now defeated as if the weight of his former reasons had growne lighter with the decay of his power the whole Circle in November following appoint a more generall meeting at the same Hamborow whither all the Bishops Princes and States either came or sent their Ambassadors Here they resolutely conclude for the levying of 3 new Regiments upon the common charges of the Circle the purpose being to cleere the countrey of the new encroached Imperialists The first Regiment was undertaken for by the Archbishop of Bremen the Duchy of Lunenburg and Zella-Brunswick with the Bishopricks of Lubeck Brunswick and Hildesheim This was to consist of 1950 Foot and 127 Horsemen The second Regiment was to be raised by the Dukedom of Mecklenburg the countrey of the Lower Saxonie the Bishoprick of Ratzenburg and the citie of Lubeck which was to bee 1675 Foot and 366 Horse strong The third which was to be of 1448 Foot onely was to be raised and paid by the Dukes of Holstein and the Bishoprick of Schwerin All these were to be joyned to Duke George of Lunenburgs owne Armie he being to be Generall over them The Hamburgers excused themselves from bearing
the Weser 153 Gustavi-Stadt the new Towne built by the King of Sweden at Mentz 11 H. HAckapells a Nickname given to the Finlanders 148 Hagenaw yielded to the Swedish 75 Hamburgers refuse to joyne with their neighbor Princes in a league 102 Hamelen Towne to whom it belongeth 120 Pappenheym thereabouts 119 Haubald made Governour of Manheym 11 He takes Stolhoven 48 and Obernheim 50 Hildesheim Towne accords with Lunenburg 138 Taken by Pappenheym 151 Hirschfeld the Emperors Son is Abbot of it 80 Accords with the Landgrave 8â— Horn comes to command the Army in the Palatinate 19 Advances into Triers Country 30 Takes Trarbach and Grafenburg 33 and Veldentz 34 Returnes into the Palatinate 4â— Reyses the siege of Wiseloch 43 Defeates 1000. Imperiall Horse 45 Pursues Monte Cuculi 45 Obteynes passage of the Strasburgers 46 Helps the Wurtemburgers to take Offenburg 51 Besieges Benfelâ— 55 Takes it 64 Takes Schletstat 71 And Colmar 74 Marches up into Bavaria 77 Hornburg Todt encamps at it 128 Pappenheym offers to force it 133 I. IEsuites of Schletstat Conjurers and Poysoners 68 K. KAlckstein takes Steinau Fort. 159 and Nowmarckt Kant 162 King of Bohemia comes to Franckford 62 Dyes 76 King of Denmarke some jealousies betweene him and the K. of Sweden reconciled 136 Kirchberg taken by the Spanish 2 recovered 26 Klein Jaacob joynes with Baudissin 147 skirmishes with Gronsfeld 148 Knitlingen in the Palatinate burnt by Monte Cuculi 41 L. LAndgrave of Hessen his Storie 78 he cleeres Hirschfeld 80 takes Fritzlar 81 Cleeres his Land of the Jmperialists 82 Advances into Paderborn 83 and into Westphalia 84 His Letters to the Elector of Cullen 85 Paderborn and Westphalia accorded with him 88 89 He goes to the King of Sweden 90 Leopold Archduke dyes 54 Lesly Sir Alexander comes to take charge of Todes Army 128 His Regiment out off by by Pappenheym 132 Letters of Tilly to the Protestants of the Lower-Saxony 98 Letters of Count Furstenberg 53 of the Landgrave to Cullen 85 Lignitz Duke accords with Arnheym 159 Lower Saxony the actions in it 91 Lucas Cagro defeated 6 Lunenburg Duke made Generall in place of Todt 138 his Army 141 Takes Duderstat 144 Devides the Army and goes to Wulfenbuttle 145 Beaten up 146 Lusatia the actions in it 155 M. MAgdenburg the Story of it 106 The L. Marquesse Hamilton and Banier besiege it 107 Brought to a Treaty 109 Relieved by Pappenheym 110 Forsaken by him and entred by the Swedish 115 Markelsheim taken by the Rhynegrave 67 Marquesse Hamilton lands in Germany 107 His way to Magdenburg ibid Vnwilling to goe from the siege of Magdenburg 110 Refuses to flee over the Passe to Banier 110 Goes up to the K. of Sweden 116 Marquesse William of Baden demands Spiers from the Spaniards and is denyed 13 Left in Spiers 15 Forsakes it 35 Ioynes with Ossa and Monte Cuculi 39 Made generall in Alsatia 52 Metternich Governour of Heidelberg 25 the chiefe man in the Palatinate ibid. besieges Wiseloch 42 Levies his owne siege 43 Monte Cuculi comes into Alsatia 39 Seases the Strasburgers Townes 40 AdvaÌ„ces into the Palatinate 40 His designe upon Spiers 41 Burnes Knitlingen 41 Two of his Regiments defeated by Horn. 44 He flees over the Rhyne 45 Ioynes with Metternichs 3. Regiments in Alsatia 46 Goes into Bavaria 52 N. NEwburg Duke treates a Neutrality 34 O. OFfenburg takeÌ„ by Horn. 51 Olan bridge wonne by Arnheym 168 Ortenburg Castle surrendred to Horn. 52 Ossa busie in Alsatia 1 the good order he had taken in Wurtenburgland 37 38 R'allees with Baden and Monte Cuculi 39 Summons Strasburg 40 avoyds out of Alsatia 52 Oxenstiern Chancellor pursues the Spaniards of the Palatinate 17 Concludes a Neutrality with the Elector of Cullen 34 Goes with an Army to the King 35 P. PAderborn the Landgraueâ— actions in it 83 c. He summons the Gentry 88 Palatinate the Spaniards come into it 2 Forsake it 17 The State they left it in 22 c Pappenheym set out by the Leaguers 111 How he made up his Army 111. 112 Enters Magdenburg 113 Forsakes it 114 Goes into Lunenburg-laÌ„d 117 Passes the Weser 118 Recalled by his CoÌ„missary 119 Cuts off 1500. Swedish 121 His craftinesse ibid. Comes into the field again 124 Marches into BremerlaÌ„d 126 Relieves Stoade 134 Cuts off Lesly's RegimeÌ„t ib. Offers to force Todts army 133 Forsakes Stoade 134 Thought to correspond with Denmarks 135 Falls into Hassia 539 goes backe against the Swedish 141 Affronts theÌ„ by Hildesheim 142 Goes to Maestricht 143 Puts Baudissin to the retreit 149 Takes Hildesheim 151 Marches up to Walenstein 153 Takes Towns in Duringen 154 P. PHilip de Sylva Generall of the Spanish in the Palatinate 152 Returnes into the Low CouÌ„tryes 16 Protestants how miserably used by the Leaguers c. 85 Protestant Princes of the Lower Saxonie their Dyet and Levies 97 101 R Rhinegraue goes against the Spaniards 4 Defeats 1400. of them 6 Pursues them going out of the Palatinate 18 19 c. Beaten of from Kirckberg 26 Takes Coblentz 31 His Name and Familie 56 Blocks Schletstat 60 Takes Markeâ—sheim 67 Left by Horn in Altaâ—ia 77 Râ—stâ—ck rendred to the Duke of Mecklengburg 92 S SChafgotzi ouerthrowne by Arnheim 168 Schletstat blocked vp 60 taken by Horn. 71 The Iesuites there Coninrers 68 Scottish Regiments ioyne with Todt 121 Silesia the Actions in it 158 Simmern takeÌ„ by the Spanish 3 recouered 26 Spaniards come with an Army into the Palatinate 2 Theyr Story Jbid. Loose 5. Cornets to the Swedish 3 1400. of them defeatted 6 They aduance towards Spires 8 Don Philip de Sylua ioynes with them 8 They take Spiers 9 Forsake it 14 Returne out of the Palatinate 16 The Rhinegraue forces them to the Retreat 18 19 Theyr Losses 21 They put a Garrison into Coblentz 29 Forsake Triers 31 Spiers taken by the Spaniards 9 Forsaken by them 14 Marquesse William takes charge of it 15 His garison forsakes it 35 Entred by the Swedish 36 Steinau Fort taken by the Saxons 159 Reprised by the Impialists 160 Recouered by Dubalt 161 Stoade blockt vp by Todt 130 releiued by Pappenheim 132 Entred by Todt 136 Stolhanshe helpes to beate the Spanish 5 Strasburg refuses Ossa 40 Gives passage to Horn. 64 Engaged in the siege of Benfelt 57 T. TIlly writes to the Protestants of the Lower-Saxony 98 Todt takes Wismar 10â— goes to Lunenburg 126 Encamps at Hornburg 128 Takes Boxtehude 130 Sent for froÌ„ the Army 128 But stayes upon another occasion 129 Goes from the Army Trarbach taken by Horn. 33 Tryers Elector entertaines the French 16 Troubles the Spanish in their retreat 21 Differences betwixt him and the Palatine 23 Well pleased with the Swedish 33 The Spaniards forsake his Country 31 Horn advances into his CouÌ„try 30 V. VJrmoÌ„t yields up Rostock 9â— in vaine besieges Halberstat 96 Pistoll'd at Cullen 124 Volckmarsen taken by Pappenheym 140 W. VVArtenburg Castle surprised by 9. of Dubalts horsemen 169 Westphalia Dukedome the Landgraves actions in it 84 The Conditions offered it by him 88 WilliaÌ„ Weymar comes against Pappenheym 119 Takes Goslar 122 and Goettingen 123 Goâ—â— backe to the King ibid Wiseloch the siege of it 42 Wismar the continuation of the siege of it 102 It Treates 103 yielded to Todt 105 Wurtemburg Dukedome the Orders sent by the K. to it 36 What Towns the Jmperialists had in it 37. 39 The Administrator armes 39 causes Monte Cuculi to retyre 41 Ioynes with Horn. 47 His actions in cleering his owne Country 49 He besieges Offenburg in Alsatia 51 Takes Townes about the Bodensee 62 Z. ZElla-Lunenburg Duke coÌ„pounds craftily with Pappenheym 127 FINIS Place this betwixt pag. 150. 151. Our Cutter hath made the Ordnance too long and to lye too farre into the River The Hole also marked with R should have beene on the right hand of the Bridge
THE SWEDISH INTELLIGENCER The Third Part. VVHEREIN OVT OF THE TRVEST and choysest Informations are the famous Actions of that Warlike Prince Historically led along from the Norimberg Leaguer unto the day of his death at the Victory of Lutzen With the Election of the young Queene of Sweden and the Diet of Heilbrun The times and places of every Action being so sufficiently observed and described that the Reader may finde both Truth and Reason in it Vnto which is added The Fourth Part. VVHEREIN The chiefest of those Military Actions of other Swedish Generalls be related wherein the King himselfe was not personally with the Army LONDON Printed by I. L. for Nath Butter and Nicholas Bourne 1633. To the Favourable and Iudicious Readers THat my Dedication inscribes it selfe to the Favourable Readers before to the Iudicious is not so much out of Complement as Conscience he that is guilty to himselfe of being lesse Iudicious hath the more need his Readers should be Favourable And yet thankes to your faire acceptance for it I have hitherto received no such discouragement from the most Iudicious that I need complaine they were lesse Favourable For your honest pleasures Gentlemen and in thankfulnesse to your courtesies have I vndertaken this my last labour I have done all with as much diligence as a Scholler morally might doe yea with importunacy of diligence have I sollicited such Gentlemen as I knew to have beene in action and that could teach me any thing And something more then a common diligence have I used in it The Italian Painter hath 3. degrees of Comparison in the preferring of his Peeces If he saies t is but done con diligenza with diligence t is no great commendation of his paines for he meanes no more then an ordinary diligence His second degree of praysing it is con studio with study and by that would he tell you that his braine and hand have a little more laboured both upon the designing and the colouring But if he addes con amore that he did it with a love and an affection to the Piece or Party oh t is di Madonna then and the Italian himselfe is at the highest of his expression I have as little as might be and especially in the Kings Story trusted to no written Relations unlesse received from a knowne hand or confirmed by personall eye or eare-witnesses No I have not singly relyed so much as upon that diligent amasser of the Dutch Currantoes the Gallobelgicus and the Arma Suecica le Soldat Suedois I meane by it upon whose single credit I have no where written any thing excepting in those slighter encounters about Norimberg And yet even there had I beene in the same boxe with him and before him the High Dutch Relations I commend as much as any man the queyntnesse of his language and the neatnesse of his conceits many times which are the relishes of a French wittynesse in him His best pieces are the Abridgements of the lives of the two Kings Divers of the conceits therefore of the first of these have I made some use of in my Character of the King of Sweden The Second have I wholly taken into my Character of the King of Bohemia and I had divers reasons for it T is finely done I was glad to see a Frenchman give that good King his due and t was safer for me to Translate that then to invent a new one Beyond this would I by this Essay of Translating try Masteries with the French Language I confesse my selfe to be but a bungling smatterer at it and yet thus farre dare I be deposed That had a queynt penne the doing of it the French it selfe should not be able to transcend our English in the happinesse of expressions For the truth of those Relations wherein I differ from that French Author I report me to those that have reade both and have beene personally present in the Actions And thus much because we differ had I reason to say in mine owne defence and to prevent withall the abusing of my Countrymen should he happen to be translated into English Mine owne ambition is not that this Piece of mine should be exempt frō censuring or to be taken for above the true value of it nor doe I professe my selfe to be other thē like an Architect the disposer of other mens Materialls at my best value I am Author of nothing here but of the mistakings even of those though I strongly be suspitious yet am I no way conscious Knowingly I have committed nothing against Truth nor traduced peevishly the honour of any person I could tell no more then I knew nor would not sure I cannot have written all but what I have is neere about the matter In writing of this Story those two objections of the Turkes against the likelyhood of all Histories may appeare to be well satisfied A Story-Writer say those Barbarians In the time dares not and After the time cannot write truely For the first of these the distance of the place secures me against the feare of writing too truely of the present My selfe not since these warres was never neere enough to the persons or places of action to be either bribed or skared by them And as for the Authors whom chiefly I have consulted though they were sometimes Gentlemen of the Army yet have they now put themselues beyond the feare or hope of pleasing or displeasing because out of the service and dependancy And as for the second obiection that 's well taken away too for though my Story be written after the time of doing yet not beyond the memory of it And thus in this Iland have I done with this forraine Story as in some Houses of pleasure I have seene done with the Landtskip of a Countrey where the Hills and Woodes and Houses have by Perspective and Art Optick beene so brought thorow a small hole that they have in little beene reflected upon a Paper or polisht Stone in a Study or a Dyning-roome And I have used the same Art Perspective the Landtskip of these Swedish Warres have beene out of Germany brought home into my Study which my Paper here reflects off againe In little I meane and as I could and though not in their iust magnitude yet something towards their proportions If I have made my Readers waite a while in expectancy of my Relations I hope they will please to allow of this answer for a satisfaction That I onely said till false rumours might be contradicted true reports brought home to me by men present and the passions of people a little over which might either make them harder of beleefe or over-credulous My office so hath God disposed of it hath beene not that of an Historiographer alone but of a Herald also one that having served a Prince first in denouncing of his Warres and then in celebrating of his Triumphs performes his last duties to him at his Funeralls So have my Three Bookes beene My First Part proclaimed
their way was from Schaffhowsen and Dutling and so along the Danuby By this time had the Count de Monte Cuculi with some of the Duke of Bavariaes people whom he found in the countrey and some few Florentines lately sent in from their Master the great Duke of Tuskany to the aide of the Bavarian laid siege to the towne of Rain upon the Lech in Bavaria neere Donawert Colonell Mitzval whom the King had left Governour there made not such good resistance as was requisite The towne though not excellently yet was it sufficiently fortified Victualls and Ammunition he wanted not of men he had 13. good Companies Horse and Foote which were hands enow to have made good the place for a longer time against a farre greater opposition I read of no breach yet made but one threatned and prepared for is not unlikely Some write that Mitzval was in the name of his Company threatned by one of his Ancients that if he would not yeeld the towne they would but they that say so Monte Cuculi takes Rain in Savaria cannot proove that Mitzval either punisht Ancient or souldiers for the mutinie Others affirme that he had the consent of a Counsell of Warre of all the Officers of his garrison for it which had it beene true then would not the King have executed him for it How-ever September 25. did Mitzval conclude upon rendring the next day marching out with Bag and Baggage and all good conditions for a souldier though not of one The King tooke off his head for it and so would he have done of all the 8. Captaines of his Regiment but that her Maiesty the Queene of Sweden who was comne all this expedition with her Lord by the potency of a sweet and gracious intercession prevailed with the King for a pardon for them The King now comne to Donawert made all the hast possible to relieve his towne and garrison in it from Monte-Cuculi but was not able to doe it on the sudden for that the towne was on the contrary side of the Lech to him And it much concern'd him for that by the taking of this towne the Partees of Horse that should be lodged in it would mightily disturbe the trading and other intercourse betwixt Ausburg and Norimberg Preparing therefore to recover it he advances towards Oberendorff upon the Lech hard by Rain where there is a house or Castle of the Fuggers neere which there was a bridge over the Lech as Page 139 of our Second Part we have told you This Castle was guarded with 150 men and for the breaking of the bridge on that side next unto the King were there some 250 Crabats now comne These the King comming upon after they had burnt the bridge but before they could get to Rain againe where they should have beene taken over he cuts the throats of all the 250 Crabats The King overthrowes 400 Crabats c. together with the other 150 that were the guards of the Castle and tooke seven Ensignes from them Hereupon fell he to repairing the bridge About the 27th of September was this done and the Bridge-worke begun upon which strange it is that Monte-Cuculi did little or nothing in the hinderance of He was skared perchance and layes a Bridge over the Lech by that wonderfull passage over the same Lech which the April before the King had made and how dearely it had cost Tilly to oppose it He was now also taken off by the distrust to his owne strength and made I beleeve the more hast to looke to Ingolstatt and Regensburg and to stay thereabouts for the Duke of Bavariaes comming which was within 8 or 10 dayes after The King being the second time passed over the Lech in a misty morning one of the first dayes of April comes before Rain ere perchance he was discovered The fight of the towne and besieges Rain is low and plaine on one side fenced with the river and morassy hollow ground not fit to be entrenched on The other part had the King at his last parting from Bavaria given order unto Mitzvall to new fortifie This is the East side of the towne and upon that was the King faine to make his Approaches Foure hundred men had Monte-Cuculi left within it who either for that Mitzvall had made the place heartlesse and unlucky or for that the fame and fortune of the King were so irresistible in Bavaria as that it were but folly to stand out against him they within two dayes so soone as ever they had felt but a few peeces of Battery Rain yeelded to the King send out to demand composition But the King being angred for his Mitzvals late disgrace would affoord no other termes unto the garrison but for the Horsemen to goe out without either Horse or harnesse and the Foot like footmen without other Armes then their swords onely And thus was the towne as easily recovered as it had beene lost saving that the defendants this last time had the honour to be overcome by the King of Sweden October the fift the King caused Mitzvall by a Councell of Warre to be condemned and the same day in sight of the whole Army to be executed establishing another Governour within the towne who needed no other schooling to looke better to his Lesson then to see his Predecessour ryde the scaffold before him This was done at Neuburg some ten or eleuen miles Eastward upon the Danuby The King going as farre as Newburg to purâ—ue Monte-Cuculi whither the King had by this fifth of October retired with his Army Thus farre was the King comne to have pursued Monte-Cuculi and as 't was beleeved to have besieged Ingolstat But Monte-Cuculi finding himselfe too weake was with his flying Army of 500 Horse and 4000 Foot retired along the Danuby unto Regenspurg Some troopes of Horse had the King sent off after Monte-Cuculi and the countrey was full of noyse of the intended Seige of Ingolstat Divers peeces of Ordnance were for that purpose already sent for out of Ausburg and Donawert the Kings Commissaries and Quarter-masters were already gone before that way-ward to take up victuals and lodgings for the Army Boats and other materials were providing at Neuburg to be sent downe the Danuby towards Ingolstat to make Bridges Provisions were also coÌ„manded to be ready at Vlm for the victualling of the Leaguer and the garrison of Ingolstat sorely of late wasted with the pestilence every day expected another plague of warres to be comming towards them Nor were these preparations onely whisper'd of but Art perchance made the rumour ring so much the louder that Walenstein might likewise heare of it But he either did not or would not listen to it nor could any noise from Bavaria frighten him out of Saxony About these preparations here at Neuburg was the King till the eighth of October and was the next day provided for to have gone personally into Ausburg But this happinesse of his Presence