either_o supreme_a inferior_a or_o mix_v these_o court_n be_v proper_o call_v supreme_a from_o who_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n to_o any_o high_a judicatory_a such_o as_o the_o parliament_n privy_a council_n lord_n of_o session_n the_o criminal_a court_n and_o exchequer_n inferior_a judge_n be_v such_o who_o decreet_n and_o sentence_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o reviewe_n of_o the_o supreme_a court_n as_o sherriff_n steward_n lord_n of_o regality_n inferior_a admiral_n and_o commissar_n magistrate_n of_o burgh_n royal_a baron_n and_o justice_n of_o peace_n mix_v jurisdiction_n participat_v of_o the_o nature_n both_o of_o the_o supreme_a and_o inferior_a court_n such_o a_o jurisdiction_n have_v the_o high_a admiral_n and_o commissar_n of_o edinburgh_n both_o which_o be_v in_o so_o far_o supreme_a that_o maritime_a affair_n and_o confirmation_n of_o testament_n must_v come_v in_o and_o be_v table_v before_o the_o high_a admiral_n and_o commissar_n of_o edinburgh_n in_o the_o first_o 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this_o privilege_n that_o they_o can_v be_v pursue_v before_o any_o inferior_a judge_n and_o if_o they_o be_v the_o lord_n will_v advocate_n the_o cause_n to_o themselves_o tit._n iii_o of_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o court_n of_o scotland_n the_o king_n be_v the_o author_n and_o fountain_n of_o all_o power_n and_o be_v a_o absolute_a prince_n have_v as_o much_o power_n as_o any_o king_n or_o potentate_n whatsoever_o 251_o deryve_v his_o power_n from_o god_n almighty_a alone_a 2._o and_o so_o not_o from_o the_o people_n the_o special_a privilege_n that_o he_o have_v be_v call_v his_o prerogative_n royal_a such_o as_o that_o he_o only_o can_v make_v peace_n or_o war_n call_v parliament_n convention_n convocation_n of_o the_o clergy_n make_v law_n aforesaid_a and_o general_o all_o meeting_n call_v without_o his_o special_a command_n be_v punishable_a 2._o he_o only_o can_v remit_v crime_n legitimate_a bastard_n name_n judge_n and_o councilor_n give_v tutor_n dative_n and_o naturalize_v stranger_n and_o be_v supreme_a over_o all_o person_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n as_o well_o ecclesiastic_a as_o civil_a 1._o the_o parliament_n of_o old_a be_v only_o the_o king_n baron_n court_n in_o which_o all_o freeholder_a be_v oblige_v to_o give_v suit_n and_o presence_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o man_n appear_v yet_o at_o other_o head_n court_v and_o therefore_o since_o we_o have_v king_n before_o we_o have_v parliament_n it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o think_v that_o the_o king_n power_n flow_v from_o they_o the_o parliament_n be_v call_v by_o proclamation_n now_o upon_o forty_o day_n though_o it_o may_v be_v adjourn_v upon_o twenty_o but_o of_o old_a it_o be_v call_v by_o brieve_n out_o of_o the_o chancellary_n it_o consist_v of_o three_o estate_n viz._n the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n and_o before_o the_o reformation_n all_o abbot_n and_o mitred-priors_a sit_v as_o church_n man_n secundo_fw-la the_o baron_n in_o which_o estate_n be_v comprehend_v all_o duke_n marquess_n earl_n viscount_n lord_n and_o the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o shire_n for_o of_o old_a all_o baron_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n do_v come_v but_o the_o estate_n of_o lesser_a baron_n not_o be_v able_a to_o defray_v this_o charge_n they_o be_v allow_v to_o send_v commissioner_n for_o every_o shire_n 113_o and_o general_o every_o shire_n send_v two_o who_o have_v their_o charge_n bear_v by_o the_o shire_n tertio_fw-la the_o commissioner_n for_o burgh_n royal_a each_o whereof_o be_v allow_v one_o and_o the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n two_o though_o all_o the_o three_o estate_n must_v be_v cite_v yet_o the_o parliament_n may_v proceed_v albeit_o any_o one_o estate_n be_v absent_a or_o be_v present_a will_v disassent_v the_o legislative_a power_n be_v only_o in_o the_o king_n and_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n only_a consent_n and_o in_o parliament_n the_o king_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n whereby_o he_o may_v not_o only_o hinder_v any_o act_n to_o pass_v but_o even_o any_o overture_n to_o be_v debate_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n must_v be_v proclaim_v upon_o forty_o day_n that_o the_o liege_n may_v know_v they_o â—28_n to_o secure_v the_o crown_n against_o faction_n and_o impertinent_a overtur_n in_o open_a parliament_n our_o parliament_n choose_v before_o they_o proceed_v to_o any_o bussiness_n four_o out_o of_o each_o state_n who_o with_o the_o officer_n of_o state_n determine_v what_o law_n or_o overtur_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o to_o the_o parliament_n and_o they_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o lord_n of_o article_n we_o have_v another_o meeting_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n call_v the_o convention_n of_o estate_n which_o be_v now_o call_v upon_o twenty_o day_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n that_o the_o parliament_n do_v diffre_v only_o from_o it_o in_o that_o the_o parliament_n can_v both_o impose_v taxation_n and_o make_v law_n whereas_o the_o convention_n of_o estate_n can_v only_o impose_v or_o rather_o offer_v taxation_n and_o make_v statute_n for_o uplift_v those_o particular_a taxation_n but_o can_v make_v no_o law_n and_o of_o old_a i_o find_v by_o the_o register_n of_o the_o convention_n the_o elder_a whereof_o now_o extent_n be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1583._o that_o the_o convention_n of_o estate_n consist_v of_o any_o number_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n call_v off_o the_o street_n summary_o by_o the_o king_n and_o yet_o they_o cry_v down_o or_o up_o money_n and_o judge_v process_n which_o now_o they_o do_v not_o the_o privy_a council_n be_v constitute_v by_o a_o special_a commission_n from_o the_o king_n and_o regular_o their_o power_n extend_v to_o matter_n of_o public_a government_n in_o order_n to_o which_o they_o punish_v all_o riot_n for_o so_o we_o call_v breach_n of_o the_o peace_n they_o sequestrate_n pupil_n give_v aliment_n to_o they_o and_o to_o wife_n who_o be_v severe_o use_v by_o their_o husband_n and_o many_o such_o thing_n which_o require_v such_o summar_n procedure_n as_o can_v admit_v of_o the_o delay_n necessary_a before_o other_o court_n and_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o these_o dipp_n upon_o matter_n of_o law_n for_o they_o be_v only_a judge_n in_o facto_fw-la they_o remit_v the_o cognition_n of_o it_o to_o the_o session_n and_o stop_v till_o they_o hear_v their_o report_n the_o council_n delay_v criminal_a execution_n and_o sometime_o change_v one_o punishment_n into_o another_o but_o they_o can_v remit_v capital_a punishment_n they_o may_v also_o adjourn_v the_o session_n or_o any_o other_o court_n it_o have_v its_o own_o precedent_n who_o precede_v in_o the_o chancellor_n absence_n and_o it_o have_v its_o own_o signet_n and_o seal_n all_o who_o be_v cite_v to_o compeat_v there_o must_v be_v personal_o present_a because_o ordinary_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi conclude_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v personal_o punish_v all_o diet_n there_o be_v peremptor_n all_o debat_fw-la be_v in_o writ_n no_o advocate_n be_v allow_v to_o plead_v because_o the_o council_n only_o judge_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n be_v judge_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o civil_a right_n of_o old_a they_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o parliament_n and_o be_v a_o committee_n of_o parliament_n but_o the_o present_a model_n be_v fix_v and_o establish_v by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o after_o the_o model_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n 40._o of_o old_a it_o consist_v of_o seven_o ecclesiastic_n and_o seven_o laic_n and_o the_o precedent_n be_v a_o church_n man_n but_o now_o all_o the_o fifteen_o be_v laic_n and_o there_o sit_v with_o they_o four_o noble_a man_n who_o be_v call_v extraordinary_a lord_n and_o be_v allow_v to_o sit_v to_o learn_v rather_o than_o decide_v but_o now_o they_o vote_v after_o the_o ordinary_a lord_n all_o the_o lord_n be_v admit_v by_o the_o king_n and_o by_o statute_n can_v be_v admit_v till_o they_o be_v twenty_o five_a year_n of_o 132._o age_n and_o except_o they_o have_v a_o
thereafter_o make_v any_o voluntar_n gratuitous_a right_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o that_o tailzie_n but_o yet_o the_o land_n tailzy_v may_v be_v comprise_v or_o adjudge_v for_o sum_n true_o due_a and_o not_o dolose_o contract_v to_o disappoint_v the_o tailzie_a provision_n heir_n of_o provision_n be_v these_o who_o succeed_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o particular_a provision_n in_o the_o infeftment_n such_o as_o be_v heir_n of_o a_o second_o marriage_n and_o as_o to_o these_o heir_n of_o marriage_n we_o may_v observe_v two_o thing_n first_o that_o if_o a_o father_n by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v oblige_v to_o employ_v a_o sum_n to_o himself_o and_o wife_n in_o conjunct-â—ie_a and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n he_o can_v in_o prejudice_v thereof_o do_v any_o fraudulent_a gratuitous_a deed_n though_o he_o may_v provide_v a_o jointure_n for_o a_o second_o wife_n or_o provision_n for_o his_o child_n of_o a_o second_o marriage_n secundo_fw-la though_o a_o father_n may_v assign_v or_o dispone_v sum_n to_o child_n when_o extant_a whereby_o they_o will_v be_v prefer_v to_o posterior_n creditor_n become_v fiar_n by_o the_o say_a right_n yet_o if_o the_o father_n dispone_v to_o child_n to_o be_v procreate_v this_o will_v be_v consider_v only_o as_o a_o destination_n and_o so_o will_v not_o hinder_v the_o father_n to_o make_v posterior_n right_n or_o even_o posterior_n creditor_n to_o affect_v by_o diligenâ—es_n what_o be_v so_o dispone_v tertio_fw-la process_n will_v be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n even_o of_o the_o appearand_a heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n against_o the_o father_n to_o fulfil_v the_o special_a obligation_n therein_o or_o to_o purge_v any_o deed_n already_o do_v by_o he_o in_o prejudice_n thereof_o albeit_o where_o heir_n be_v not_o design_v in_o any_o right_n the_o heir_n of_o line_n exclude_v all_o other_o heir_n yet_o if_o a_o man_n take_v land_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n male_a tailzie_n or_o provision_n and_o thereafter_o acquire_v reversion_n or_o tack_n of_o the_o same_o land_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n these_o right_n will_v accress_v to_o that_o special_a heir_n to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v provide_v for_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o a_o man_n will_v give_v the_o land_n to_o one_o and_o the_o right_n of_o they_o to_o another_o heir_n when_o woman_n succeed_v all_o these_o of_o one_o degree_n succeed_v equal_o and_o because_o the_o estate_n be_v divide_v among_o they_o they_o be_v call_v heir_n portioner_n the_o elder_a not_o seclude_v the_o portioner_n rest_n and_o have_v no_o advantage_n over_o he_o but_o where_o the_o right_n be_v indivisible_a such_o as_o title_n jurisdiction_n superiority_n and_o all_o the_o casualty_n of_o these_o superiority_n such_o as_o ward_n marriage_n nonentrie_n feu_fw-fr duty_n etc._n etc._n these_o fall_n to_o the_o elder_a heir_n female_a without_o division_n together_o with_o the_o principle_n message_n it_o be_v a_o tower_n or_o fortalice_n for_o other_o house_n be_v divide_v equal_o all_o these_o heir_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la if_o they_o once_o enter_v heir_n except_o heir_n portioner_n who_o be_v only_o liable_a pro_fw-la rata_fw-la and_o heir_n substitute_v in_o a_o sum_n who_o be_v only_o liable_a to_o creditor_n in_o the_o value_n of_o the_o sum_n to_o which_o they_o be_v substitute_n but_o they_o have_v in_o scotland_n a_o privilege_n which_o they_o call_v the_o benefit_n of_o discussion_n whereby_o discussion_n the_o heir_n of_o line_n must_v be_v first_o pursue_v to_o fulfil_v the_o defunct_n deâ—ds_n or_o pay_v his_o debt_n and_o next_o to_o these_o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n the_o heir_n male_a the_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n and_o heir_n of_o provision_n but_o for_o fulfil_v a_o deed_n relate_v to_o particular_a land_n the_o heir_n who_o succeed_v in_o these_o particular_a land_n must_v be_v first_o pursue_v without_o discuss_v and_o that_o which_o be_v mean_v by_o discuss_v be_v that_o the_o creditor_n must_v proceed_v by_o horn_v caption_n and_o apprise_a against_o the_o heir_n who_o be_v to_o be_v discuss_v before_o he_o can_v reach_v the_o other_o heir_n a_o heir_n be_v say_v with_o we_o to_o be_v heir_n active_a who_o be_v serve_v heir_n and_o may_v pursue_v whereas_o he_o who_o the_o law_n make_v active_a liable_a to_o be_v heir_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heir_n passive_a as_o when_o the_o appearand_a heir_n be_v infeft_v upon_o a_o precept_n of_o clare_v constat_fw-la by_o the_o superior_a or_o otherwise_o medles_a with_o his_o father_n estate_n when_o the_o predecessor_n die_v he_o who_o shall_v be_v heir_n and_o heir_n therefore_o be_v call_v appearand_a heir_n have_v year_n and_o day_n allow_v he_o to_o deliberate_v whether_o he_o will_v be_v heir_n which_o be_v call_v annus_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la 27._o and_o which_o be_v indulge_v by_o the_o law_n because_o if_o a_o man_n enter_v once_o heir_n he_o be_v liable_a to_o all_o the_o debt_n though_o far_o exceed_v the_o estate_n and_o within_o that_o year_n he_o can_v be_v pursue_v nor_o oblige_v to_o enter_v but_o after_o the_o year_n be_v expyre_v the_o creditor_n may_v charge_v he_o to_o enter_v heir_n and_o if_o he_o resolve_v not_o to_o enter_v he_o must_v renounce_v any_o right_n he_o have_v by_o a_o writ_n under_o his_o hand_n this_o year_n be_v count_v from_o the_o defunct_n death_n except_o in_o a_o posthum_fw-la child_n who_o have_v a_o year_n child_n allow_v he_o after_o his_o birth_n and_o not_o only_o during_o this_o year_n but_o after_o it_o expire_v the_o appearand_a heir_n without_o instruct_v any_o title_n may_v pursue_v for_o exhibition_n of_o all_o right_n make_v to_o his_o predecessor_n and_o of_o all_o right_n make_v by_o his_o predecssor_n to_o any_o in_o his_o own_o family_n but_o not_o to_o siranger_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v deliberate_v whither_o he_o will_v enter_v heir_n and_o the_o liferenter_fw-la be_v bind_v to_o aliment_v the_o appearand_a heir_n not_o be_v able_a to_o entertain_v himself_o though_o he_o renounce_v vid._n supra_fw-la part_n 2._o title_n 9_o §_o liferent_n if_o the_o appearand_a heir_n resolve_v to_o enter_v heir_n to_o his_o predecessor_n he_o must_v raise_v brief_n from_o the_o chancellarie_n which_o brief_a be_v a_o command_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a where_o the_o land_n lie_v to_o cause_n cite_v 15_o swear_a man_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o raiser_n of_o the_o brief_a be_v near_a heir_n and_o this_o be_v execute_v or_o proclaim_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v and_o if_o at_o the_o day_n appoint_v these_o 15._o swear_a man_n find_v he_o to_o be_v the_o next_o person_n who_o shall_v succeed_v they_o serve_v he_o heir_n by_o a_o paper_n which_o be_v call_v a_o service_n and_o which_o be_v return_v be_v they_o to_o the_o chancellarie_n there_o be_v a_o write_v give_v to_o the_o heir_n whereby_o he_o be_v declare_v heir_n and_o which_o be_v call_v the_o retour_fw-fr because_o it_o be_v their_o answer_n and_o return_v to_o the_o chancellarie_n of_o the_o point_v contain_v in_o the_o brief_a and_o thereafter_o the_o person_n who_o be_v serve_v heir_n be_v infeft_v by_o a_o precept_n out_o of_o the_o chancellarie_n and_o if_o the_o service_n be_v to_o any_o particular_a land_n it_o be_v call_v a_o special_a service_n but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o land_n design_v it_o be_v only_o call_v a_o general_a service_n and_o this_o general_a service_n be_v sufficient_a to_o establish_v a_o right_a to_o heritable_a band_n disposition_n reversion_n jurisdiction_n and_o all_o other_o right_n whereupon_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o infeft_v nor_o need_v to_o be_v infeft_v and_o a_o special_a service_n include_v a_o general_a service_n but_o not_o e_z contra_fw-la the_o general_a brief_n have_v only_o two_o point_n or_o head_n viz._n if_o the_o brief_a defunct_a die_v at_o the_o king_n peace_n and_o if_o the_o raiser_n of_o the_o brief_a be_v the_o next_o heir_n but_o the_o special_a brief_n have_v seven_o viz._n when_o the_o defunct_a die_v secundo_fw-la if_o he_o die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v at_o the_o king_n peace_n tertio_fw-la that_o the_o raiser_n be_v next_o heir_n quaerto_o of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la quinto_fw-la by_o what_o manner_n of_o hold_v sexto_fw-la what_o be_v their_o old_a and_o new_a extent_n septimo_fw-la whether_o the_o raiser_n be_v of_o lawful_a age_n and_o in_o who_o hand_n the_o land_n be_v at_o present_a sometime_o likewise_o the_o vassal_n without_o serve_v himself_o heir_n get_v a_o precept_n of_o season_n from_o the_o superior_a wherein_o because_o the_o superior_a declare_v that_o it_o be_v know_v to_o he_o that_o such_o a_o man_n be_v heir_n to_o his_o father_n it_o be_v therefore_o call_v a_o precept_n of_o clare_n constat_fw-la which_o therefore_o make_v the_o obtainer_n liable_a passive_a to_o all_o his_o predecessor_n
church_n man_n it_o be_v call_v the_o cannon_n law_n and_o though_o it_o have_v here_o no_o positive_a authority_n as_o be_v compile_v by_o private_a person_n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o pope_n especial_o since_o the_o reformation_n yet_o our_o ecclesiastic_a right_n be_v settle_v thereby_o before_o the_o reformation_n and_o because_o many_o thing_n in_o that_o law_n be_v found_v upon_o material_a justice_n and_o exact_o calculate_v for_o all_o church_n man_n therefore_o that_o law_n be_v yet_o much_o respect_v among_o we_o especial_o in_o what_o relate_v to_o conscience_n and_o ecclesiastic_a right_n our_o municipal_a law_n of_o scotland_n be_v make_v up_o partly_o of_o our_o write_a and_o partly_o of_o our_o unwritten_a law_n our_o write_a law_n comprehend_v first_o our_o statutory_a law_n which_o consist_v of_o our_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n secundo_fw-la the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la which_o be_v statute_n make_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n 93._o impower_v they_o to_o make_v such_o constitution_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o order_v the_o â—rocedur_n and_o form_n of_o administrate_a justice_n and_o these_o be_v call_v act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la because_o they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n sit_v in_o judgement_n but_o be_v not_o proper_o law_n the_o legislative_a power_n be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n tertio_fw-la the_o book_n of_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la which_o be_v general_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o part_n of_o our_o law_n and_o they_o and_o the_o leges_fw-la burgorum_fw-la and_o the_o other_o tractate_v join_v by_o skeen_n to_o they_o be_v call_v the_o old_a book_n of_o our_o law_n by_o many_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n 115_o though_o the_o book_n of_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la be_v original_o but_o the_o work_n of_o one_o private_a lawyer_n write_v by_o way_n of_o institution_n and_o be_v now_o very_a much_o abrogate_a by_o custom_n our_o unwritten_a law_n comprehend_v the_o constant_a tract_n of_o decision_n pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n which_o be_v consider_v as_o law_n the_o lord_n respect_v very_o much_o their_o own_o decision_n and_o though_o they_o may_v yet_o they_o use_v not_o to_o rece_v from_o they_o except_o upon_o grave_a consideration_n secundo_fw-la our_o ancient_a custom_n make_v up_o a_o part_n of_o our_o unwritten_a law_n which_o have_v be_v universal_o receive_v among_o we_o the_o tacit_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n operate_n as_o much_o in_o these_o as_o their_o express_a consent_n do_v in_o make_v law_n and_o such_o be_v the_o force_n of_o custom_n or_o consuetude_n that_o if_o a_o statute_n after_o long_o stand_v have_v never_o be_v in_o observance_n or_o have_v be_v have_v run_v in_o desuetude_n consuetude_n prevail_v over_o the_o stâ—â—â—â—e_n till_o it_o be_v renew_v either_o by_o a_o succeed_a parliament_n or_o by_o a_o proclamation_n from_o the_o council_n for_o though_o the_o council_n can_v make_v law_n yet_o they_o may_v revive_v they_o general_o all_o law_n shall_v look_v forward_o 18._o though_o declaratory_a law_n regulat_fw-la what_o be_v past_a since_o their_o design_n be_v to_o declare_v what_o be_v law_n prior_n to_o the_o statute_n and_o to_o direct_v judge_n how_o to_o decide_v in_o case_n that_o need_v the_o decision_n of_o a_o parliament_n law_n shall_v command_v not_o persuade_v and_o though_o the_o rubric_n or_o title_n and_o narrative_a of_o the_o statute_n may_v direct_v a_o doubt_a judge_n yet_o if_o the_o statutory_a word_n be_v clear_a they_o shall_v be_v follow_v in_o all_o case_n all_o law_n shall_v be_v so_o interpret_v as_o to_o evite_v absurdity_n and_o as_o may_v best_o agree_v with_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o legislator_n and_o analogy_n or_o general_a design_n of_o the_o common_a law_n correctory_n law_n so_o we_o call_v these_o which_o abrogate_v or_o restrict_n former_a law_n be_v to_o be_v strict_o interpret_v for_o we_o shall_v rece_v as_o little_a as_o can_v be_v from_o receive_v law_n honourable_a law_n be_v to_o be_v extend_v and_o the_o parity_n of_o reason_n often_o prevail_v with_o our_o judge_n to_o extend_v law_n to_o case_n that_o be_v found_v on_o the_o same_o reason_n with_o what_o be_v express_o determine_v by_o the_o statute_n tit._n ii_o of_o jurisdiction_n and_o judge_n in_o general_n have_v resolve_v to_o follow_v justinians_n method_n to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v be_v as_o little_a difference_n find_v betwixt_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o as_o be_v possible_a and_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v not_o be_v distract_v by_o different_a method_n i_o do_v resolve_v first_o to_o lay_v down_o what_o concern_v the_o person_n of_o who_o the_o law_n treat_v â—at_a â—do_n what_o concern_v the_o thing_n themselves_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o right_n obligation_n etc._n etc._n tertio_fw-la the_o action_n whereby_o these_o right_n be_v pursue_v which_o answer_v to_o the_o civilian_n objecta_fw-la juris_fw-la viz._n personae_fw-la res_fw-la &_o actiones_fw-la the_o person_n treat_v of_o in_o law_n be_v either_o civil_a or_o ecclesiastic_a the_o chief_a of_o both_o which_o be_v judge_n with_o who_o we_o shall_v begin_v and_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o their_o office_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o jurisdiction_n be_v a_o power_n grant_v to_o a_o magistrate_n to_o cognosce_fw-la upon_o and_o determine_v in_o cause_n and_o to_o put_v the_o sentence_n or_o decreet_a to_o execution_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o either_o his_o commission_n law_n or_o practice_n do_v allow_v all_o jurisdiction_n flow_v original_o from_o the_o king_n 18._o so_o that_o none_o have_v power_n to_o make_v depute_n except_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o their_o commission_n and_o if_o a_o depute_v appoint_v any_o under_o he_o that_o sub-depute_a be_v call_v proper_o a_o substitute_n and_o every_o judge_n be_v answerable_a for_o the_o malversation_n of_o his_o depute_v jurisdiction_n be_v either_o cumulative_a or_o privative_a cumulative_a jurisdiction_n be_v when_o two_o judge_n have_v power_n to_o judge_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o general_o it_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o king_n be_v never_o so_o denude_v but_o that_o he_o retain_v a_o inherent_a power_n to_o make_v other_o judge_n with_o the_o same_o power_n that_o he_o give_v in_o former_a 3._o commission_n and_o thus_o he_o may_v erect_v land_n in_o a_o regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n and_o burgh_v royal_a within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o regality_n and_o these_o bound_n within_o which_o a_o judge_n may_v exerce_fw-la his_o commission_n be_v call_v his_o territory_n so_o that_o if_o any_o judge_n exercise_n jurisdiction_n without_o his_o territory_n his_o sentence_n be_v null_a and_o among_o those_o who_o have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n he_o who_o first_o cite_v can_v only_o judge_v and_o this_o be_v call_v jus_o praeventionis_fw-la privative_a jurisdiction_n be_v when_o one_o judge_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o judge_v exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o such_o power_n have_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o judge_v of_o all_o competition_n among_o heritable_a right_n and_o here_o there_o can_v be_v no_o prevention_n jurisdiction_n be_v found_v to_o any_o judge_n either_o because_o the_o defender_n dwell_v within_o his_o territory_n which_o be_v call_v sortiri_fw-la forum_n ratione_fw-la domicilij_fw-la or_o secundâ—_n because_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v within_o his_o territory_n which_o be_v call_v ratione_fw-la delicti_fw-la or_o tertio_fw-la if_o the_o person_n pursue_v have_v any_o immovable_a estate_n within_o his_o territory_n though_o he_o live_v not_o within_o the_o same_o he_o may_v be_v pursue_v by_o any_o action_n to_o affect_v that_o estate_n which_o be_v call_v sortiri_fw-la forum_n ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la sitae_fw-la a_o jurisdiction_n be_v say_v to_o be_v prorogate_v when_o a_o person_n not_o other_o way_n subject_a submit_v himself_o to_o it_o as_o when_o he_o compear_v before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n and_o propon_n defence_n all_o judge_n with_o we_o must_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n 11._o and_o the_o test_n 18._o whereby_o they_o swear_v to_o maintain_v the_o government_n of_o church_n and_o state_n as_o it_o be_v now_o establish_v and_o a_o oath_n de_fw-fr fideli_fw-la administratione_fw-la before_o they_o exerce_fw-la their_o office_n and_o no_o excommunicate_a person_n nor_o rebel_n against_o the_o government_n can_v judge_v by_o our_o law_n if_o a_o person_n be_v pursue_v before_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o competent_a he_o may_v complain_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o they_o will_v grant_v letter_n of_o advocation_n whereby_o they_o advocate_n that_o be_v to_o say_v call_v that_o cause_n from_o the_o incompetent_a judge_n to_o themselves_o and_o if_o after_o the_o letter_n of_o advocation_n be_v intimate_fw-la to_o that_o judge_n he_o yet_o proceed_v his_o decreet_a will_v be_v null_a as_o give_v spreto_fw-la mandato_fw-la jurisdiction_n be_v