was chief of the Army and the Kings Lieutenant Being at S. Denis in France staying while the Companies passed by he sent for me to Paris to come speak with him being there he prayed me and his request was a command that I would follow him this Voyage and I about to make my excuse told him my wife was sick in her bed he made me answer That there were Physicians at Paris for to cure her and that he as well left his own who was as well descended as mine promising me that he would use me well and forthwith gave command that I should be lodged as one of his Train Seeing this great affection which he had to lead me with him I durst not refuse him I went and met with him at the Castle of Compt within three or four leagues of Hedin there where there was the Emperors Souldiers in garrison with a number of Pessants round about he caused them to be summoned to render themselves and they made answer they should never have them but by pieces and let them do their worst and they would do their best to defend themselves They put confidence in their ditches full of water and in two hours with a great number of Bavins and certain empty Casks way was made to pass over the Foot when they must go to the assault and were beaten with five pieces of Cannon till a breach was made large enough to enter in where they within received the assault very valiantly and not without killing and hurting a great number of our people with musket-shot pikes and â—ones In the end when they saw themselves constrained they put fire to their powder and munition which was the cause of burning many of our people and theirs likewise and they were all almost put to the sword History of desperate people Notwithstanding some of our souldiers had taken twenty or thirty hoping to have ransome for them That was known and ordered by the Councel that it should be proclamed by the Trumpet through the Camp that all Souldiers who had any Spaniards prisoners were to kill them upon pain to be hanged and strangled which was done upon cold blood From thence we went and burnt divers Villages whose barns were full of all kinde of Grain to my grief We went along even to Tournahan where there was a very great Tower where the Enemies retired The taking of the Castle of Compt. but there was no man found in it all was pillaged and the tower was made to leap by a Mine and then with Gun-powder turned topsie-turvy After that the Camp was broken up and I returned to Paris I will not yet forget to write that the day after the Castle of Compt was taken Monsieur de Vendosme sent a Gentleman to the King to make report to him of all which had passed and amongst other things told the King that I had greatly done my duty in dressing those that were wounded and that I had shewed him eighteen bullets which I had taken or drawn out of the hurt bodies and that there were divers more which I could neither finde nor draw out and told more good of me then there was by half Then the King said he would have me into his service and commanded Monsieur de Goguier his chief Physician to write me down as entertained one of his Surgeons in ordinary and that I should go meet with him at Rheimes within ten or twelve dayes which I did where he did me the honor to command me that I would dwell near him and that he would do me good Then I thankt him most humbly for the honor it pleased him to do me in calling me to his service The voyage of Mets 1552. THe Emperor having besieged Mets and in the hardest time of winter The names of the Princes who were at the siege of Mets. as each one knows of fresh memory and that there was in the City five or six thousand men and amongst the rest seven Princes that is to say Monsieur the Duke of Guise the Kings Lievtenant Messieurs'd Anguien de Conde de Montpensier deo La Roch upon You Monsieur de Nemours and divers other Gentlemen with a number of old Captains of War who often made sallies forth upon the enemies as we shall speak hereafter which was not without slaying many as well on the one side as the other For the most part all our wounded people died and it was thought the medicaments wherewith they were dressed were poisoned which caused Monsieur de Guise and other Princes to send to the King for me and that he would send me with Drogues to them for they believed theirs were poysoned seeing that of their hurt people few escaped I do not believe there was any poyson but the great stroaks of the Cutlasses musket-shot and the extremity of cold was the cause The King caused one to write to Monsieur the marshal of S. Andrew which was his Lieutenant at Verdun that he found some means to make me enter into Mets. The said Lord Marshal of S. Andrew and monsieur the marshal of old Ville got an Italian Captain Notaâ— who promised them to make me enter in which he did and for which he had fifteen hundred Crowns the King having heard of the promise which the Italian Captain had made sent for me and commanded me to take of his Apothecary named Daigue such and as many Drogues as I should think fit for the hurt who were besieged which I did as much as a post-horse could carry The King gave me charge to speak to Monsieur de Guise and to the Princes and Captains who were at Mets. Being arrived at Verdun a few dayes after the Monsieur the Marshal of S. Andrew Commission of the Author caused horses to be given to me and my man and for the Italian who spake very good high Dutch Spanish and Wallon with his own natural tongue When we were within eight or ten Leagues of Mets we went not but in the night and being near the Camp I saw a league and a half off bright fires about the City which seemed as if all the earth had been on fire and I thought we could never pass through those fires without being discovered and by consequent be hanged and strangled or cut in pieces or pay a great ransome To speak truth I wished my self at Paris for the imminent danger which I fore-saw God guided so well our affairs that we entred the City at midnight with a certain Token which the Captain had with another Captain of the company of Monsieur de Guise which Lord I went to and found him in bed who received me with great thanks being joyful of my comming I did my message to him of all that the King had commanded me to say to him I told him I had a little letter to give to him and that the next day I would not fail to deliver it him That done he commanded me a good lodging
was an able man that I should give him a letter and that I should also have told him by word of mouth what the King and Monsieur the Cardinal of Lorraine had given me in charge Two daies after there arrives a servant of the Lord Constables Chamber who brought him shirts and other linnen for which the said Lord Marshal gave pass-port to go to the said Lord Constable I was very glad thereof and gave him my letter and gave him his lesson of that which his Mâ—ster should do being prisoner I had thought being discharged of my embassage to return toward the King But the said Lord of Bourdillon prayd me to stay with him at the Fere to dress a great number of people who were hurt and were thither retired after the battle and that he would send word to the King the cause of my stay which I did The wounds of the hurt people were greatly stinking and full of worms with gangrene and putrefaction so that I was constrained to come with my knife to amputate that which was spoild which was not without cutting off arms and legs as also to trepan divers Now there were not any medicines to be had at the Fere because the Surgeons of our Camp had carried all with them I found out that the Charriot of the Artillery tarried behinde at the Fere nor had it yet been touched I prayd the Lord Marshal that he would cause some of the drogues to be delivered to me which were in it which he did and there was given to me one half at a time five or six dayes after I was constrained to take the rest neither was there half enough to dress so great a number of the people to contract stay the putrefaction and to kill the worms that were entred into their wounds I washed them with Aegyptiacum dissolved in wine and Aqua vitae and did for them all which I could possible yet notwithstanding all my diligence very many of them died There were Gentlemen at the Fere who had charge to finde out the dead body of Monsieur de Bois-Dâ—lphin the elder who had been slain in the battle they prayed me to accompany them to the Camp to finde him out amongst the dead if it were possible which indeed was impossible seeing that the bodies were all disfavoured and overwhelmed with putrefaction We saw more then half a league about us the earth covered with dead bodies neither could we abide long there for the cadaverous sents which did arise from the dead bodies as well of men as of Horses And I think we were the cause that so great a number of flies rose from the dead bodies which were procreated by their humidity and the heat of the Sun having their tails green and blew that being up in the air made a shadow in the Sun We heard them buz or hum which was much marvel to us And I think it was enough to cause the Plague where they allighted My little master I would you had been there as I was to distinguish the ordures and also to make report to them which were never there Now being cloyed and annoyed in that Country I prayd Monsieur the Lord Marshal to give me my leave to be gont and that I was affraid I should be sick by reason of my too great pains and the stinks which did arise from the wounded which did almost all dye for what diligence soever was used unto them He made other Surgeons to come finish the dressing of the said hurt people and I went away with his good grace and favor He wrote a letter to the King of the pains he had taken with the poor wounded Then I returned to Paris where I found yet many Gentlemen that had been hurt and were there retired after the battle The Voyage of the Camp of Amiens 1558. THe King sent me to Dourland and made me be conducted by a Captain Govast with fifty men in arms for fear I should be taken by the enemies And seeing that in the way wee were alwaies in alarums I caused my man to alight making him to be my master for that time and I got upon his horse which carried my mail and took his cloak and hat and gave him my ambling Mare My man being put upon her back one would have taken him for the master and I for the servant Thoâ—e of Dourlan seeing us far off thought we were enemies and let flye their Cannon-shot at us Captain Gavest my conductor made a sign with his hat that we were not enemies so that they left shooting and we entred into Dourlan with great joy Those of Dourlan made a sally forth upon the enemies five or six dayes before who kild and hurt divers of our Captains and good Souldiers and amongst the rest captain St. Aubin valiant at the sword whom Monsieur de Guise loved very well and for whom chiefly the King sent me thither who being in the fâ—â— of a quartan fever would needs go out to command the greatest part of his company â— Spaniard seeing him that he commanded perceived he was a Captain and shot a musket-bulâ—et qâ—ite through his neck my Captain St. Aubin thought with this stroke he was dead and with the fear I protest to God he lost his quartan ague was altogether freed from it I dressed him with Antony Portal Surgeon in ordinary to the King and divers other souldiers some died others escaped quâ—te with the loss of a leg or an arm or the loss of an eye and they said they escaped good cheap escape that can When the enemy had broken their Camp I returned to Paris Here I hold my peace of my little master who was more at ease in his house then I at the Wars The Voyage of Harbor of Grace 1563. YEt I will not omit to speak of the Voyage of the Harbor of Grace then when they made the approches to plant the Artillery the English who were within it kild some of our Souldiers and divers Pâ—oners who undermined who when they were seen to be so hurt that there was no hope of curing their fellows stript them and put them yet alive in the Mines which served them for so much filling earth The English seeing they could not withstand an assault because they were very much attainted with diseases and chiefly with the plague they yielded their lives and jewels saved The King caused them to have ships to return to England being glad to be out of this place infected with the Plague the greatest part died and carried the plague into England and since have not yet been exempted Captain Sarlabous master of the Camp was left there in Garrison with six Ensigns on foot who had no fear of the plague and were very joyful to enter therein hoping there to make good cheer My little master had you been there you had done as they The Voyage of Rowen 1562. NOw for the taking of Rowen they kild divers of ours before the assault
of an ulcerated Phlegmon Pag. 183 Chap. XI Of feavers and the cure of the feavers which accompany a Phlegmon Pag. 185 Chap. XII Of an Erysipelas or inflammation Pag. 187 Chap. XIII Of the cure of an Erysipelas ib. Chap. XIV Of the Herpes that is tetters or ringworms or such like Pag. 188 Chap. XV. Of feavers which happen upon erysipelous tumors Pag. 189 Chap. XVI Of an Oedema or cold phlegmatick tumor Pag. 190 Chap. XVII Of the cure of flatulent and waterish tumors Pag. 191 Chap. XVIII Of the cure of a flatulent and waterish tumor Pag. 192 Chap. XIX Of an Atheroma Steatomae and Meliceris Pag. 193 Chap. XX. Of the cure of Lupiae that is wens or ganglions ib. Chap. XXI Of a Ganglion more particularly so called Pag. 195 Chap. XXII Of the Strumae or Scrophulae that is the Kings evil ib. Chap. XXIII Of the feaver which happens upon an oedematous tumor Pag. 196 Chap. XXIV Of Scirrbus or an hard tumor proceeding of melancholy Pag. 197 Chap. XXV Of the cure of a Schirrhus Pag. 198 Chap. XXVII Of the causes kinds and prognosticks of a cancer Pag. 199 Chap. XXVIII Of the cure of a cancer beginning and not yet ulcerated ib. Chap. XXIX Of the cure of an ulcerated cancer Pag. 200 Chap. XXX Of the topick medicines to be applyed to an ulcerated and not ulcerated cancer ib. Chap. XXXI Of the fever which happeneth in Scirrhous tumors Pag. 202 Chap. XXXII Of an Aneurisma that is the dilation or springing of an artery vein or sinew Pag. 203 The eighth Book Of the particular tumors against Nature Chap. I Of an Hydrocephalos or watery tumor which commonly affects the heads of infants Pag. 205 Chap. II. Of a Polypus being an eating disease in the nose Pag. 206 Chap. III. Of the Parotides that is certain swellings about the ears ib. Chap. IV. Of the Epulis or overgrowing of the flesh of the Gums Pag. 207 Chap. V. Of the Ravula ib. Chap. VI. Of the swelling of the glandules or almonds of the throat Pag. 208 Chap. VII Of the inflammation and relaxation in the Uvula or Columella Pag. 209 Chap. VIII Of the Angina or squinzy Pag. 240 Chap. IX Of the Bronchocele or rupture of the throat Pag. 212 Chap. X. Of the Plurisie ib. Chap. XI Of the Dropsie Pag. 213 Chap. XII Of the cure of the dropsie Pag. 214 Chap. XIII Of the tumor and relaxation of the navil Pag. 216 Chap. XIV Of the tumors of the groins and cods called Hermae that is Ruptures ib. Chap. XV Of the cure of ruptures Pag. 217 Chap. XVI Of the golden ligature or the Punctus Aureus as they call it Pag. 219 Chap. XVII Of the cure of other kindes of ruptures Pag. 221 Chap. XVIII Of the falling down of the fundament Pag. 223 Chap. XIX Of the Paronychiae ib. Chap. XX. Of the swelling of the knees Pag. 224 Chap. XXI Of the Dracunculus ib. The ninth Book Of wounds in general Chap. I. What a wound is what the kindes and differences thereof are and from whence they may be drawn or derived Pag. 227 Chap. II. Of the causes of wounds Pag. 228 Chap. III. Of the signs of wounds Pag. 229 Chap. IV. Of prognosticks to be made in wounds ib. Chap. V. Of the cure of wounds in general Pag. 230 Chap. VI. Of sutures Pag. 231 Chap. VII Oâ— the Flux of blood which usually happens in wounds Pag. 232 Chap. VIII Of the pain which happens upon wounds Pag. 233 Chap. IX Of convulsion by reason of a wound ib. Chap. X. The cure of a convulsion Pag. 234 Chap. XI Of the cure of a convulsion by sympathy and pain Pag. 235 Chap. XII Of the Palsie Pag. 236 Chap. XIII Of the cure of the Palsie ib. Chap. XIV Of swouning Pag. 237 Chap. XV. Of Delirium i. raving talking idly or doting ib. The tenth Book Of the green and bloody wounds of each part Chap. I. Of the kindes and differences of a broken skull Pag. 238 Chap. II. Of the causes and signs of a broken skull Pag. 240 Chap. III. Of the signs of a broken skull which are manifest to our sense Pag. 241 Chap. IV. Of a fissure being the first kinde of a broken skull ib. Chap. V. Of a concusion which is the second part of a fracture Pag. 243 Chap. VI. Of an effracture depression of the bone being the third kinde of a fracture Pag. 245 Chap. VII Of a seat being the fourth kinde of a broken skull Pag. 247 Chap. VIII Of a Resonitus or counterfissure being the fifrh kinde of fracture ib. Chap. IX Of the moving or concussion of the brain Pag. 248 Chap. X. Of prognosticks to be made in fractures of the skull Pag. 250 Chap. XI Why when the brain is hurt by a wound of the head there may follow a convulsion of the opposite part Pag. 251 Chap. XII A convulsion of the deadly signs in the wounds of the head Pag. 252 Chap. XIII Of salutary signs in wounds of the head Pag. 253 Chap. XIV Of the general cure of a broken skull and of the symâ—toms usually happening thereupon ib. Chap. XV. Of the particular cure of wounds of the head and of the musculous skin Pag. 555 Chap. XVI Of the particular cure of a fracture or broken sukll Pag. 257 Chap. XVII Why we use trepaning in the fractures of the skull Pag. 258 Chap. XVIII A description of trepans Pag. 259 Chap. XIX Of the places of the skull whereto you may not apply a trepan Pag. 262 Chap. XX. Of the corruption and Ca ies or rottenness of the bones of the head Pag. 263 Chap. XXI Of the discommodities which happen to the Crassa meninx by fractures of he skull Pag. 264 Chap. XXII Of the cure of the brain being shaken or moved Pag. 266 Chap. XXIII Of the wounds of the face Pag. 267 Chap. XXIV Of the wounds of the eyes Pag. 268 Chap. XXV Of the wounds of the cheeks Pag. 270 Chap. XXVI Of the wounds of the nose Pag. 272 Chap. XXVII Of the wounds of the tongue ib. Chap. XXVIII Of the wounds of the ears Pag. 273 Chap. XXIX Of the wounds of the neck and throat ib. Chap. XXX Of the wounds of the chest Pag. 274 Chap. XXXI Of the cure of the wounds of the che chest Pag. 279 Chap. XXXII Of differences causes signs and cure of an Hectick fever Pag. 277 Chap. XXXIII Of the wounds of the Epigastrium and of the whole lower belly Pag. 280 Chap. XXXIV Of the cure of wounds of the lower belly Pag. 281 Chap. XXXV Of the wounds of the groins yard and testicles ib. Chap. XXXVI Of the wounds of the thigh and legs Pag. 282 Chap. XXXVII Of the wounds of the nerves and nervous parts ib. Chap. XXXVIII Of the cure of the wounds of the nervous parts ib. Chap. XXXIX Of the wounds of the joints Pag. 284 Chap. XL. Of the wounds of the Ligaments Pag. 286 Of wounds made by Gunshot other fiery Engines and of all
the evacuation of the conjunct matter Galen by a dream cures the Sciatica by the artery the Anckle of the same side being opened yet because it was not cut for this purpose but happened only by chance I judged it was not much dissenting from this argument Pliny writes that there was one named Phalereus which casting up blood at his mouth and at the length medicines nothing availing being weary of his life went unarmed in the front of the battel against the Enemy and there receiving a wound in his breast shed a great quantity of blood which gave an end to his spitting of blood the wound being healed and the vein which could not contain the blood being condensate At Paris Anno 1572. in July a certain Gentleman being of a modest and curteous cariage fell into a continual Feaver and by that means became Frantick moved with the violence of which he cast himself headlong out of a window two stories high and fell first upon the shoulder of Valterra the Duke of Alenzons Physitian and then upon the pavement with which fall he cruelly bruised his ribs and hip but was restored to his former judgment and reason There were present with the Patient besides Valterra witnesses of this accident these Physitians Alexis Magnus Duretus and Martinus The same happened in the like disease and by the like chance to a certain Gascoyn lying at the house of Agrippa in the Paved street Othomannus Doctor of Physick of Monpelier and the King's Professor told me that a certain Carpenter at Broquer a village in Switzerland being frantick cast himself headlong out of an high window into a river and being taken out of the water was presently restored to his understanding The cause of the last recited cures But if we may convert casualties into counsel and Art I would not cast the Patients headlong out of a window But would rather cast them sodainly and thinking of no such thing into a great cistern filled with cold water with their heads foremost neither would I take them out until they had drunk a good quantity of water that by that sodain fall and strong fear the matter causing the Frenzy might be carryed from above downwards from the noble parts to the ignoble the possibility of which is manifest by the forecited examples as also by the example of such as bit by a mad Dog fearing the water are often ducked into it to cure them CHAP. XXIV Of certain juggling and deceitful ways of Curing HEre I determin to treat of those Impostors who taking upon them the person of a Chirurgeon do by any means either right or wrong put themselves upon the works of the Art but they principally boast themselves amongst the ignorant common sort of setting bones which are out of joynt and broken Sciences are not hereditary affirming as falsly as impudently that they have knowledg of those things from their Ancestors as by a certain hereditary right which is a most ridiculous fiction for our minds when we are born is as a smooth table upon which nothing is painted Otherwise what need we take such labour and pains to acquire and exercise Sciences God hath endued all brute beasts with an inbred knowledge of certain things necessary for to preserve their life more than man But on the contrary he hath enriched him with a wit furnished with incredible celerity and judgment by whose diligent and laborious fatigation he subjects all things to his knowledg For it is no more likely that any man should have skill in Chirurgery because his father was a Chirurgeon than that one who never endured sweat dust nor Sun in the field should know how to ride and govern a great Horse and know how to carry away the credit in tilting only because he was begot by a Gentleman and one famous in the Art of War A most impudent sort of Impostors There is another sort of Impostors far more pernicious and less sufferable boldly and insolently promising to restore to their proper unity and seat bones which are broken and out of joynt by the only murmuring of some conceited charms so that they may but have the Patients name and his girdle In which thing I cannot sufficiently admire the idleness of our Countreymen so easily crediting so great and pernicious an error not observing the inviolable law of the ancient Physitians and principally of Divine Hippocrates by which it is determined that three things are necessary to the setting of bones dislocated and out of joynt to draw the bones asunder to hold the bone receiving firmly immoveable with a strong and steddy hand to put the bone to be received into the cavity of the receiving For which purpose the diligence of the Ancients hath invented so many Engines Three things necessary for the cure of a Luxation Glossocomies and Bands lest that the hand should not be sufficient for that laborious work What therefore is the madness of such Impostors to undertake to do that by words which can scarse be done by the strong hands of so many Servants and by many artificial Engines Of late years another kind of Imposture hath sprung up in Germany they beat into fine powder a stone which in their mother tongue they call Bemâ—ruch and give it in drink to any who have a bone broken or dislocated and affirm that it is sufficient to cure them Through the same Germany there wander other Impostors who bid to bring to them the Weapon with which any is hurt they lay it up in a secret place and free from noise and put and apply medicines to it as if they had the patient to dress and in the mean time they suffer him to go about his business and impudently affirm that the wound heals by little and little by reason of the medicine applyed to the weapon But it is not likely that a thing in animate which is destitute of all manner of sense should feel the effect of any medicine and less probable by much that the wounded party should receive any benefit from thence Neither if any should let me see the truth of such juggling by the events themselves and my own eyes would I therefore believe that it were done naturally and by reason but rather by Charms and Magick In the last assault of the Castle of Hisâ—in the Lord of Martigues the elder was shot through the breast with a Musket bullet I had him in cure together with the Physitians and Chrirurgeons of the Emperour Charles the fifth and Emanuel Phiâ—rt the Duke of Savoy who because he entirely loved the wounded prisoner caused an Assembly of Physitians and Chirurgeons to consult of the best means for his cure They all were of one opinion that the wound was deadly and incurable because it passed through the midst of his lungs and besides had cast forth a great quantitv of knotted blood into the hollowness of his breast There was found at that time a certain Spaniard
Feaver which happeneth in Scirrhous Tumors Why a Quartain happens upon Scirrhous tumors SUch a Feaver is a Quartain or certainly comming near unto the nature of a Quartain by reason of the nature of the Melancholick humor of which it is bred For this shut up in a certain seat in which it makes the tumor by communication of putrid vapours heats the heart above measure and enflames the humors contained therein whence arises a Feaver Now therefore a Quartain is a Feaver comming every fourth day and having two days intermission The primitive causes thereof are these things which encrease Melancholick humors in the body such as the long eating of pulse of coarse and burnt bread of salt flesh and fish of gross meats as Beef Goat Venison old Hares old Cheese Cabbadge thick and muddy Wines and other such things of the same kind The antecedent causes are heaped up plenty of Melancholick humors abounding over all the body But the conjunct causes are Melancholick humors putrefying without the greater vessels in the small veins and habit of the body The signs We may gather the signs of a Quartain Feaver from things which they call natural not natural and against nature From things natural for a cold and dry temper old age cold and fat men having their veins small and lying hid their Spleen swollen and weak are usually troubled with Quartain Feavers Why they are frequent in Autumn Of things not natural this Feaaer or Ague is frequent in Autumn not only because for that it is cold and dry it is fit to heap up Melancholick humors but chiefly by reason that the humors by the heat of the preceding Summer are easily converted into adust Melancholy whence far worser and more dangerous quartains arise than of the simple Melancholick humor to conclude through any cold or dry season in a region cold and dry men that have the like Temper easily fall into Quartains if to these a painful kind of life full of danger and sorrow doth accrew Of things contrary to nature because the fits take one with painful shaking inferring as it were the sense of breaking or shaking the bones further it taketh one every fourth day with an itching over the whole body and oft-times with a thin skurf and pustules especially on the legs the pulse at the beginning is little slow and deep and the Urin also is then white and waterish inclining to somewhat a dark colour In the declination when the matter is concocted the Urin becomes black not occasioned by any malign Symptom or preternatural excess of heat for so it should be deadly but by excretion of the conjunct matter The Fit of the Quartain continues 24 hours and the intermission is 44 hours At often takes its original from an obstruction pain and Scirrhus of the Spleen and of the suppression of the Courses and Haemorrhoides Prognostick Quartains taken in the Summer are for the most part short but in the Autumn long especially such as continue till Winter Those which come by succession of any disease of the Liver Spleen or any other precedent disease are worse than such as are bred of themselves and commonly end in a Dropsie From what diseases a Quartain frees one But those which happen without the fault of any bowels and to such a Patient as will be governed by the Physitian in his Diet infer no greater harm but free him from more grievous and long diseases as Melancholy the Falling-sickness Convulsion Madness because the Melancholy humor the Author of such diseases is expelled every fourth day by the force of the fit of the Quartain A Quartain Feaver if there be no error committed commonly exceeds not a year for otherwise some Quartains have been found to last to the twelfth year according to the opinion of Avicen the Quartain beginning in Autumn is oft-times ended in the following Spring the Quartain which is caused by adust bloud or choller or Salt-flegm is more easily and sooner cured than that which proceeds from adust Melancholy humor because the Melancholy humor terrestrial of its own nature and harder to be discussed than any other humor is again made by adustion the subtiller parts being dissolved and the grosser subsiding more stubborn gross malign and acrid The cure is wholly absolved by two means that is by Diet and medicines Diet. The diet ought to be prescribed contrary to the cause of the Feaver in the use of the six things not natural as much as lies in our power Wherefore the Patient shall eschew Swines flesh flatulent viscid and glutinous meats fenny Fowls salt Meats and Venison and all things of hard digestion The use of white Wine indifferent hot and thin is convenient to attenuate and incide the gross humor and to move urin and sweat yea verily at the beginning of the fit a draught of such Wine will cause vomitting which is a thing of so great moment that by this one remedy many have been cured Yet if we may take occasion and opportunity to provoke vomit How much Vomiting prevails to cure a Quartain there is no time thought fitter for that purpose then presently after meat for then it is the sooner provoked the fibers of the stomach being humected and relaxed and the Stomach is sooner turned to vomitting whereupon follows a more plentiful happy and easie evacuation of the Phlegmatick and Cholerick humor and less troublesome to nature and of all the crudities with which the mouth of the ventricle abounds in a Quartain by reason of the more copious afflux of the Melancholick humor which by his qualities cold and dry disturbs all the actions and natural faculties Moreover exercises and frictions are good before meat such passions of the mind as are contrary to the cause from which this Feaver takes his original are fit to be cherished by the Patient as Laughter Jesting Musick and all such like things full of pleasure and mirth At the beginning the Patient must be gently handled and dealt withal and we must abstain from all very strong medicins until such time as the disease hath been of some continuance For this humor contumacious at the beginning when as yet nature hath attempted nothing is again made more stubborn terrestrial and dry by the almost fiery heat of acrid medicins If the body abound with bloud some part thereof must be taken away by opening the Median or Basilick-vein of the left Arm with this caution that if it appear more gross and black we suffer it to flow more plentifully if more thin and tinctured with a laudable and red colour that we presently stay it The matter of this Feaver must be ripened concocted and diminished with the Syrrups of Epithymum of Scolopendrium Medicines of Maiden-hair Agrimony with the waters of Hops Bugloss Borage and the like I sincerely protest next unto God I have cured very many quartains by giving a portion of a little Treacle dissolved in about some
open Aneurismaes unless they be smal in an ignoble part not indued with large vessels but rather let him perform the cure after this manner Cut the skin which lies over it until the Artery appear and then separate it with your knife from the particles about it then thrust a blunt and crooked needle with a thred in it under it bind it then cut it off and so expect the falling off of the thread of it self whiles Nature covers the orifices of the cut Artery with the new flesh then the residue of the cure may be performed after the manner of simple wounds Those of the inward parts incurable The Aneurismaes which happen in the internal parts are incurable Such as frequently happen to those who have often had the unction and sweat for the cure of the French disease because being so attenuated and heated therewith that it cannot be contained in the receptacles of the Artery it distends it to that largeness as to hold a man's Fist Which I have observed in the dead body of a certain Taylor who by an Aneurisma of the Arterious vein suddenly whilst he was playing at Tennis fell down dead A History and vessel being broken his body being opened I found a great quantity of bloud poured forth into the capacity of the Chest but the body of the Artery was dilated to that largness I formerly mentioned and the inner coat thereof was boney For which cause within a while after I shewed it to the great admiration of the beholders in the Physitians School whilest I publiquely dissected a body there whilst he lived he said he felt a beating and a great heat over all his body the force of the pulsation of all the Arteries by the occasion whereof he often swounded Doctor Sylvius the Kings Professor of Physick at that time forbad him the use of Wine and wished him to use boyled water for his drink and Curds and new Cheeses for his meat and to apply them in form of Cataplasms upon the grieved and swoln part At night he used a Ptisan of Barly meal and Poppy-seeds and was purged now and then with a Clyster of refrigerating and emollient things or with Cassia alone by which medicines he said he found himself much better The cause of such a bony constitution of the Arteries by Aneurismaes is for that the hot and fervid bloud first dilates the Coats of an Artery then breaks them which when it happens it then borrows from the neighbouring bodies a fit matter to restore the loosed continuity thereof This matter whilest by little and little it is dryed and hardened it degenerates into a gristly or else a bony substance just by the force of the same material and efficient causes by which stones are generated in the reins and bladder For the more terrestrial portion of the bloud is dryed and condensed by the power of the unnatural heat contained in the part affected with an Aneurisma whereby it comes to pass that the substance added to the dilated and broken Artery is turned into a body of a bony consistence In which the singular providence of Nature the Hand-maid of God is shewed as that which as it were by making and opposing a new wall or bank would hinder and break the violence of the raging bloud swelling wich the abundance of the vital spirits unless any had rather to refer the cause of that hardness to the continual application of refrigerating and astringent medicines Which have power to condensate and harden Lib 4. cap. ult de praesaex pulsu A Caution in the knowing Aneurismaes as may not obscurely be gathered by the writings of Galen But beware you be not deceived by the fore-mentioned signs for sometimes in large Aneurismaes you can perceive no pulsation neither can you force the bloud into the Artery by the pressure of your fingers either because the quantity of such bloud is greater than which can be contained in the Ancient receptacles of the Artery or because it is condensate and concrete into clods whereupon wanting the benefit of ventilation from the heart it presently putrefies Thence ensue great pain a Gangrene and mortification of the part and lastly the death of the Creature The End of the Seventh Book The Eighth BOOK Of Particular TVMORS against NATVRE The Preface BEcause the Cure of Diseases must be varyed according to the variety of the temper not only of the body in general but also of each part thereof the strength figure form site and sense thereof being taken into consideration I think it worth my pains having already spoken of Tumors in general if I shall treat of them in particular which affect each part of the body beginning with those which assail the head Therefore the Tumor either affects the whole head or else only some particle thereof as the Eyes Ears Nose Gums and the like Let the Hydrocephalos and Physocephalos be examples of those tumors which possess the whole head CHAP. I. Of an Hydrocephalos or watry tumor which commonly affects the heads of Infants THe Greeks call this Disease Hydrocephalos as it were a Dropsie of the Head What it is The causes by a waterish humor being a disease almost peculiar to Infants newly born It hath for an external cause the violent compression of the head by the hand of the Midwife or otherwise at the birth or by a fall contusion and the like For hence comes a breaking of a vein or artery an effusion of the bloud under the skin Which by corruption becoming whayish lastly degenerateth into a certain waterish humor It hath also an inward cause which is the abundance of serous and acrid bloud which by its tenuity and heat sweats through the pores of the vessels sometimes between the Musculous skin of the head and the Pericranium sometimes between the Pericranium and the skull and sometimes between the skull and membrane called Dura mater Differences by reason of place and otherwhiles in the ventricles of the Brain The signs of it contained in the space between the Musculous skin and the Pericranium Signs are a manifest tumor without pain soft and much yielding to the pressure of the fingers The Signs when it remaineth between the Pericranium and the skull are for the most part like the fore-named unless it be that the Tumor is a little harder and not so yielding to the finger by reason of the parts between it and the finger And also there is somewhat more sense of pain But when it is in the space between the skull and Dura-mater or in the ventricles of the Brain or of the whole substance thereof there is a dulness of the senses as of the sight and hearing the tumor doth not yield to the touch unless you use strong impression for then it sinketh somewhat down especially in Infants newly born who have their skuls almost as soft as wax and the junctures of their Sutures lax both by nature as also
It is more subtile it runs forth as it were leaping by reason of the vital spirit contained together with it in the Arteries On the contrary that which floweth from a Vein is more gross black and slow Now there many wayes of stanching Bloud The first way of staying bleeding The first and most usual is that by which the lips of the Wound are closed and unless it be somewhat deep are contained by Medicines which have an astringent cooling drying and glutinous faculty As terrae sigill Boli Armeni ana â„¥ ss Thuris Mastichis Myrrhae Aloes anaÊ’ ij Farinae volat molend â„¥ j Fiat pulvis qui albumine ovi excipiatur Or â„ž Thuris Aloes ana partes aequales Let them be mixt with the white of an Egge and the down of a Hare and let the pledgets be dipped in these Medicines as well those which are put unto the Wound as those which are applyed about it Then let the Wound be bound up with a double cloth and fit Ligature and the part be so seated as may seem the least troublesome and most free from pain But if the blood cannot be stayed by this means when you have taken off all that covereth it The 2. manner of stanching it you shall press the Wound and the orifice of the Vessel with your thumb so long untill the blood shall be concrete about it into so thick a clot as may stop the passage But if it cannot be thus stayed then the Suture if any be must be opened The 3. way by binding of the vessels and the mouth of the Vessell towards the originall or root must be taken hold of and bound with your needle and thred with as great a portion of the flesh as the condition of the part will permit For thus I have staid great bleedings even in the amputation of members as I shall shew in fit place To perform this work we are often forced to divide the skin which covereth the wounded vessell For if the Jugular vein or Artery be cut it will contract and withdraw it self upwards and downwards Then the skin it self must be laid open under which it lyeth and thrusting a needle and thred under it it must be bound as I have often done But before you loose the knot it is fit the flesh should be grown up that it may stop the mouth of the vessel An admonition lest it should then bleed But if the condition of the part shall be such as may forbid this comprehension The 4. way by Eschatoricks and binding of the vessel we must come to Escharoticks such as are the powder of burnt Vitriol the powder of Mercury with a small quantity of burnt Allum and Causticks which cause an Escar The falling away of which must be left to nature and not procured by art lest it should fall away before that the orifice of the vessel shall be stopt with the flesh or clotted blood But sometimes it happens that the Chirurgeon is forced wholly to cut off the vessel it self The 5. way by cutting off the vessels that thus the ends of the cut vessel withdrawing themselves and shrinking upwards and downwards being hidden by the quantity of the adjacent and incompassing parts the flux of the blood which was before not to be staid may be stopped with lesse labour Yet this is an extream remedy and not to be used unlesse you have in vain attempted the former CHAP. VIII Of the pain which happens upon Wounds THe pains which follow upon wounds ought to be quickly asswaged Pain weakens the body and causes deffluxions because nothing so quickly dejects the powers and it alwaies causes a defluxion of how good soever a habit and temper the body be of for Nature ready to yeeld assistance to the wounded part alwaies sends more humors to it than are needful for the nourishment thereof whereby it comes to passe that the defluxion is easily increased either by the quantity or quality or by both Therefore to take away this pain the author of deflux on Divers Anodynes or medicins to asswage pain let such medicines be applyed to the part as have a repelling and mitigating faculty as â„ž Olei Myrtili Rosarum ana â„¥ ij Cerae alb â„¥ i Farinae hordei â„¥ ss Boli armeni terrae sigillat ana Ê’ vj. Melt the Wax in the oyls then incorporate all the rest and according to Art make a medicine to be applyed about the part or â„ž Emplast Diacalcith â„¥ iv Ole Rosar aceti ana â„¥ ss liquefiant simul and let a medicine be made for the fore-mentioned use Irrigations of oyl of Roses and Myrtiles with the white of an Egge or a whole Egge added thereto may serve for lenitives if there be no great inflammation Rowlers and double cloaths moystened in Oxcycrate will be also convenient for the same purpose But the force of such medicines must be often renewed for when they are dryed they augment the pain But if the pain yeeld not to these we must come to narcotick Medicines such as are the Oyl of Poppy of Mandrake a cataplasm of Henbane and Sorrel adding thereto Mallows and Marsh-mallows of which we spoke formerly in treating of a Phlegmon Lastly we must give heed to the cause of the pain to the kind and nature of the humor that flows down and to the way which nature affects for according to the variety of these things the Medicines must be varied as if heat cause pain it will be asswaged by application of cooling things and the like reason observed in the contrary If Nature intend suppuration you must help forwards its indeavours with suppurating medicines CHAP. IX Of Convulsion by reason of a Wound A Convulsion is an unvoluntary contraction of the Muscles as of parts movable at our pleasure towards their original that is the Brain and Spinall Marrow What a Convulsion is for by this the convulsed member or the whole body if the convulsion be universal cannot be moved at our pleasure Yet motion is not lost in a Convulsion as it is in a Palsie but it is only depraved and because sometimes the Convulsion possesseth the whole Body otherwhiles some part thereof you must note that there are three kinds of Convulsions in general The first is called by the Greeks Tetanos Three kinds of an universal Convulsion when as the whole body grows stiffe like a stake that it cannot be moved any way The second is called Opisthotonos which is when the whole body is drawn backwards The third is termed Emphrosthotonos which is when the whole body is bended or crooked forwards A particular Convulsion is when as the Muscle of the Eye Tongue and the like parts which is furnished with a Nerve Three causes of a Convulsion Causes of Repletion is taken with a Convulsion Repletion or Inanition Sympathy or consent of pain cause a Convulsion Aboundance of humors cause Repletion dulling the body by
young men and more slowly in old And thus much may serve for Prognosticks Now will we treat as briefly and perspicuously as we can of the cure both in general and particular wherefore beginning with the general we will first prescribe a convenient Diet by the moderate use of the six things not natural CHAP. XIV Of the general cure of a broken Skull and of the Symptoms usually happening thereupon THe first cure must be to keep the Patient in a temperate air and if so be How the air ought to be that it be not such of it self and its own proper nature it must be corrected by Art As in winter he must have a clear fire made in his chamber lest the smoak cause sneesing and other accidents and the windows and doors must be kept shut to hinder the approach of the cold air and wind All the time the wound is kept open to be drest some body standing by shall hold a chafendish full of coals or a heated Iron bar over the wound at such a distance that a moderate heat may pass thence to the wound and the frigidity of the encompassing air may be corrected by the breathing of the diffused heat For cold according to the opinion of Hippocrates is an Enemy to the Brain Bones Aphor. 18. sect 5. Nerves and spinal marrow it is also hurtful to ulcers by suppressing their excrements which supprest do not only hinder suppuration but also by corrosion makes them sinuous Therefore Galen rightly admonisheth us to keep cold from the Brain not only in the time of trepaning but also afterwards For there can be no greater nor more certain harm befal the fractured skull than by admitting the air by such as are unskilful For if the air should be hotter than the Brain Lib. 2. de usâ— part cap. 2. then it could not thence be refrigerated but if the brain should be laid open to the air in the midst of Summer when it is at the hottest yet would it be refrigerated The Air though in Summeâ— is colder than the brain and unless it were relieved with hot things take harm this is the opinion of Galen whereby you may understand that many who have the r Skulls broken dye more through default of skill in the curing than by the greatness of the fracture But when the wound is bound up with the pledgets cloths and rowlers as is fit if the air chance to be more hot than the Patient can well endure let it be amended by sprinkling and strawing the chamber with cold water oxycrate the branches of Willows and Vine Neither is it sufficient to shun the too cold air unless also you take heed of the over light chiefly until such time as the most feared and malign symptoms are past For a too great light dissipates the spirits increases pain strengthens the feaver and symptoms The discommodities of too much Light Hippocrates wholly forbids wine therefore the Patient instead thereof must drink Barly water fair water boyled and tempered with Julep of roses syrup of Violets vinegar the like water wherein bread crums have been steeped Water and Sugar with a little juyce of Limmons What his drink must be or Pomecitron added thereto and such like as the ability and taste of the Patient shall require Let him continue such drinks until he be free from malign symptoms which usually happen within fourteen days His meat shall be pap Ptisan shunning Almond-milks for Almonds are said to fill the Head with vapours and cause pain stued Damask Prunes Raisons and Currants seasoned with Sugar Almonds increase the pain of the head and a little Cinamon which hath a wonderful power to comfort the stomach and revive and exhilarate the Spirits Chickens Pidgeons Veal Kid Leverets Birds of the fields Pheasons Black-birds Turtles Partridges Thrushes Larks and such like meats of good digestion boyled with Lettuce Purslain Sorrel Borage Bugloss Succory Endive and the like are thought very convenient in this case If he desire at any time to feed on meats rosted he may only dipping them in Verjuyce in the acid juyces of Oranges Citrons Limons or Pomegranates sometimes in one and sometimes in another What fish he may eat according to his tast and ability If any have a desire to eat fish he must make choyce of Trouts Gudgeons Pikes and the like which live in running and clear waters and not in muddy he shall eschew all cold Sallets and Pulse because they fly up and trouble the head it will be convenient after meat to use common dridg powder or Aniseed Fennel-seed or Coriander-comfits also Conserve of Roses or Marmilate of Quinces to shut up the orifice of the Ventricle lest the head should be offended with vapours arising from thence Aphor. 13. 14. sect 1. Children must eat often but sparingly for children cannot fast so long as those which are elder because their natural heat is more strong wherefore they stand in need of more nourishment so also in winter all sorts of people require more plentiful nourishment for that then their stomachs are more hot than in Summer Aphor. 15. sect 2. When the fourteenth day is past if neither a Feaver nor any thing else forbids he may drink wine moderately and by little and little encrease his diet but that respectively to each one's nature strength and custom He shall shun as much as in him lies sleep on the day time unless it happen that a Phlegmon seise upon the brain or the Meninges Why sleep upon the day time is good for the brain being inflamed Lib. 2. Epidem For in this case it will be expedient to sleep on the day time especially from morning till noon for in this season of the day as also in the Spring bloud is predominant in the body according to the opinion of Hippocrates For it is so vulgarly known that it need not be spoken that the bloud when we are awake is carryed into the habit and surface of the body but on the contrary by sleep it is called into the noble parts the Heart and Liver Wherefore if that the bloud by the force of the Sun casting his beams upon the Earth at his rising is carryed into the habit of the body it should again be more and more diffused by the strength and motion of watching the inflammation in the Brain and Meninges would be much encreased Wherefore it will be better especially then to stay by sleep the violence of the bloud running into the habit of the body when it shall seem to rage and more violently to affect that way The discommodities ensuing immoderate Watching Gal. Meth. 18. Watching must in like manner be moderate for too much depraves the temper of the Brain and of the habit of the whole body it causes crudities pains and heaviness of the head and makes the wounds dry and malign But if the Patient cannot sleep by reason of the vehemency of the
made by Gunshot is not to be attributed either to the poyson carryed into the body by the Gunpowder or Bullet nor to Burning imprinted in the wounded part by Gunpowder Wherefore to come to our purpose that opinion must first be confuted which accuseth wounds made by Gunshot of poyson and we must teach that there is neither any veneâ—ate substance Gunpowder is not poysonous nor quality in Gunpowder neither if there should be any could it impoyson the bodies of such as are wounded Which that we may the more easily perform we must examin the composition of such powder and make a particular inquiry of each of the simples whereof this composition consists what essence they have what strength and faculties and lastly what effects they may produce For thus by knowing the simples the whole nature of the composition consisting of them will be apparently manifest Of what it is made The Simples which enter the composition of Gunpowder are only three Charcoals of Sallow or Willow or of Hemp-stalks Brimstone and Salt-peter and sometimes a little Aqua vitae You shall find each of these if considered in particular void of all poyson and venenate quality For first in the Charcoal you shall observe nothing but dryness and a certain subtlety of substance by means whereof it fires so sodainly even as Tinder Sulphur or Brimstone is hot and dry but not in the highest degree it is of an oily and viscid substance yet so that it doth not so speedily catch fire as the coal though it retain it longer being once kindled neither may it be so speedily extinguished Salt-peter is such that many use it for Salt whereby it is evidently apparent that the nature of such Simples is absolutely free from all poyson but chiefly the Brimstone which notwithstanding is more suspected than the rest Lib. 5. Cap. 73. Lib. simpl Cap. 36. For Dioscorides gives Brimstone to be drunk or supped out of a rear Egg to such as are Aschmatick troubled with the cough spit up purulent matter and are troubled with the yellow Jaundise But Galen applyes it outwardly to such as are bitten by venemous beasts to scabs teaters and leprosies For the Aqua vitae it is of so tenuous a substance that it presently vanisheth into the air and also very many drink it and it is without any harm used in frictions of the exteriour parts of the body Whence you may gather that this powder is free from all manner of poyson seeing those things whereof it consists and is composed want all suspition thereof Therefore the Germane horsemen when they are wounded with shot fear not to drink off cheerfully half an ounce of Gunpowder dissolved in Wine hence perswading themselves freed from such malign symptoms as usually happen upon such wounds wherein whether they do right or wrong I do not here determin The same thing many French souldiers forced by no necessity but only to shew themselves more courageous also do without any harm but divers with good success use to strew it upon ulcers so to dry them Bullets cannot be poysoned Now to come to those who think that the venenate quality of wounds made by Gunshot springs not from the powder but from the bullet wherewith some poyson hath been commixt or joyned or which hath been tempered or steeped in some poysonous liquor This may sufficiently serve for a reply that the fire is abundantly powerful to dissipate all the strength of the poyson if any should be poured upon or added to the Bullet This much confirms my opinion which every one knows The Bullets which the Kings Souldiers used to shoot against the Townsmen in the siege of Rouen were free from all poyson and yet for all that they of the Town thought that they were all poysoned when they found the Wounds made by them to be uncurable and deadly Now on the other side the Towns-men were falsly suspected guilty of the same crime by the Kings Army when as they perceived all the Chirurgeons labour in curing Wounds made by the Bullets shot from Rouen to be frustrated by their contumacy and malign nature each side judging of the magnitude and malignity of the cause from the unhappy success of the effect in curing As Gales noâ—eâ— ad sent 20 21. sect 8. lib. 3. Epid. Even as amongst Physitians according to Hippocrates all diseases are termed pestilent which arising from whatsoever common cause kill many people so also wounds made by Gunshot may in some respect be called pestilent for that they are more refractory and difficult to cure than others and not because they partake of any poysonous quality but by default of some common cause as the ill complexions of the Patients the infections of the air and the corruption of meats and drinks For by these causes wounds acquire an evill nature and become less yeelding to medicins Now we have by these reasons convinced of error that opinion which held wounds made by Gun-shot for poisonous let us now come to overthrow that which is held concerning their combustion First it can scarse be understood how bullets which are commonly made of Lead Wounds made by Gunshot are not burnt can attain to such heat but that they must be melted and yet they are so far from melting that being shot out of a Musket they will pierce through armour and the whole body besides and yet remain whole or but a little diminisht Besides also if you shoot them against a stone wall you may presently take them up in your hand without any harm and also without any manifest sense of heat though their heat by the striking upon the stone should be rather increased if they had any Furthermore a Bullet shot into a barrell of Gunpowder would presently set it all on fire if the bullet should acquire such heat by the shooting but it is not so For if at any time the powder be fired by such an accident we must not imagine that it is done by the bullet bringing fire with it but by the striking and collision thereof against some Iron or stone that opposes or meets therewith whence sparks of fire proceeding as from a flint the powder is fired in a moment The like opinion we have of thatched houses for they are not fired by the bullet which is shot but rather by some other thing as linnen rags brown paper and the like which rogues and wicked persons fasten to their bullets There is another thing which more confirms me in this opinion which is take a bullet of Waxe and keep it from the fire for otherwise it would melt and shoot it against an inch board and it will go through it whereby you may understand that Bullets cannot become so hot by shooting to burn like a cautery The reason why wounds made by Gun-shot look black But the Orifices may some say of such wounds are alwaies black This indeed is true but it is not from the effect
and virulency of an humor corroding and eating the flesh lying under it and the lips about it cause and make the pain you shall neither asswage it by Anodynes nor Narroticks for by application of gentle medicins it will become worse and worse Cathaereticks have power to asswage pain Wherefore you must betake you to Cathaeret cks For strong medicins are fittest for strong diseases Wherefore let a Pledget dipped in strong and more then ordinarily powerful Aegyptiacum or in a little oil of Vitriol be applyed to the Ulcer for these have power to tame this raging pain and virulent humors In the mean season let refrigerating things be put about the Ulcer lest the vehemency of acrid medicins cause a defluxion CHAP. VII Of Ulcers with overgrowing or proudness of flesh ULcers have oft-times proud or overgrowing flesh in them Things wasting superfluous flesh either by the negligence of the Chirurgeon or fault of the Patient Against this drying and gently eating or consuming medicins must be applyed such as are Galls cortex thuris Aloes Tutia Antimony â— mpholix Vitrioll Lead all of them burnt and washt if need require Of these powders you may also make ointments with a little oil and wax but if the proud flesh as that which is hard and dense yeeld not to these remedies we must come to causticks or else to iron so to cut it off For in Galens opinion the taking away of proud flesh is no work of nature as the generating Lib. 3. Meth. cap. 6. restoring and agglutinating of the flesh is but it is performed by medicins which dry vehemently or else by the hand of the Chirurgeon wherefore amongst the remedies fit for this operation the powder of Mercury with some small quantity of burnt Alum or burnt Vitriol alone seem very effectual to me Now for the hard and callous lips of the Ulcer they must be mollified with medicins which have such a faculty as with Calves Goose Capons or Ducks grease For the callous lips of Ulcers the oils of Lillies sweet Almonds Worms Whelps Oesipus the mucilages of Marsh-mallows Linseed Faenugreek seed Gum Ammoniacum Galbanum Bdellium of which being mixed may be made Emplaisters unguents and liniments or you shall use Empl. Diachylon or de Mucilaginibus De Vigo cum mercurio To conclude after you have for some few dayes used such like remedies you may apply to the Ulcer a plate of Lead rubbed over with Quicksilver for this is very effectual to smooth an Ulcer and depresse the lips if you shall prevail nothing by this means you must come to the causticks by which if you still prevail nothing for that the lips of the Ulcer are so callous that the causticks cannot pierce into them you must cleave them with a gentle scarification or else cut them to the quick so to make way or as it were open a window for the medicin to enter in according to Galen Neither in the interim must you omit Hippocrates his advice Lib. 4. Meth. cap. 2. which is that by the same operation we reduce the Ulcer if round into another figure to wit long or triangular CHAP. VIII Of an Ulcer putrid and breeding Worms The cause of worms breeding in Ulcers WOunds are divers times bred in ulcers whence they are called Wormy ulcers the cause hereof is the too great excrementitious humidity prepared to putrefie by unnatural and immoderate heat Which happens either for that the ulcer is neglected or else by reason of the distemper and depraved humors of all the body or the affected part or else for that the excrementitious humor collected in the ulcer hath not open and free passage forth as it happens to the ulcers of the ears nose fundament neck of the womb and lastly to all sinuous and cuniculous ulcers Yet it doth not necessarily follow that all putrid ulcers must have worms in them as you may perceive by the definition of a putrid ulcer which we gave you before For the cure of such ulcers after generall means the worms must first be taken forth then the excrementitious humor must be drawn away whence they take their original Therefore you shall foment the ulcer with the ensuing decoction which is of force to kill them for if any labour to take forth all that are quick he will be much deceived for they oft times do so tenaciously adhere to the ulcerated part that you cannot pluck them away without much force and pain â„ž absinth centaur majoris marrubii an M.j. fiat decoctio ad lb. ss in qua dissolve aloes â„¥ ss unguenti Aegyptiaci â„¥ j. A fomentation to kill the worms Let the ulcer be fomented and washed with this medicin and let pledgets dipped herein be put into the ulcer or else if the ulcer be cuniculous or full of windings make injection therewith which may go into all parts thereof Gal. 4. comp med Achigenes much commends this following medicin â„ž Cerusae polii montani an â„¥ ss picis navalis liquidae quantum sufficit misce in mortario pro linimento If the putrefaction be such that these medicins will not suffice for the amendment thereof you must come to more powerful or to cauteries also or hot Irons or to Section yet you must still begin with the more gentle such as this of Galen's description â„ž cerae â„¥ ij cerusae â„¥ j. olei ros â„¥ ij salis ammon â„¥ ss squam aerisÊ’ij thuralum arug malicor calcis vivae an Ê’ j. fiat emplastrum Or lb. terebinth lotae â„¥ ij cerae albae â„¥ ss liquefiant simul addendo sublimati Ê’ ss salis torrefacti vitrioli calcinati an â„¥ j. fiat mundificativum Or you must use our Aegyptiacum alone which hath Sublimate entring into the composition thereof but in the interim the circuit of the Ulcer must be defended with refrigerating and defensative things for fear of pain CHAP. IX Of a sordid Ulcer A Sordid Ulcer after the cure of the body in general shall be healed with detergent medicins the indication being drawn from the gross and tough excrement which with the excrementitious sanies as it were besieging and blocking up the ulcerated parts weakens and as it were duls the force of medicins though powerful A detergent lotion which causeth us to begin the cure with fomentations and lotions as thus â„ž Lixivii com lb. j. absinth marrub apii centaur utriusque hypericonis an M. ss coquantur colaturae quae sufficiat adde mellis rosati â„¥ j. unguenti Egyptiaci â„¥ ss fiat fotus Then use the following detersive medicin R. succi apii plantag an â„¥ ij mellis com â„¥ j. terebinth â„¥ i ss pul Ireos Florent aloes an â„¥ ss fiat medicamentum The Chirurgeon must well consider at how many dressings he shall be able to wash away the grosse sordes or filth sticking close to the Ulcer and dry up the excrementitious sanies For oft times these things may be done at one dressing but in others
flour and such is often seen in fractures made by bullets What Schidacidon shot out of guns and such fiery Engins Contrary to these are those fractures which are called Schidacidon as rent into splinters or after the manner of a boord or piece of timber that is right-down and alongst the bone and these fractures are either apparent to the eye or else not apparent and therefore called Capillary being so small as that they cannot be perceived by the eye unless you put ink upon them and then shave them with your Scrapers Sometimes the bone is only pressed down with the stroke sometimes on the contrary it flies up as if it were vaulted They call it attrition when the bone is broken into many small fragments and as it were scales or chips The fragments of fractured bones are sometimes smooth and polished otherwhiles unequal and as it were sharp and rough with little teeth or pricks Some fractures touch only the surface of the bone fetching off only a scale othersome change not the site of fractured bones but only cleaves them length-wayes without the plucking away of any fragment othersome penetrate even to their marrow Furthermore some fractures are simple and alone by themselves othersome are accompanied with a troop of other affects and symptomes as a wound haemorrhagy inflammation gangrene and the like Hereunto you may also adde the differences drawn from the parts which the Fractures possess as from the head ribs limbs joints and other members of the body Adde also these which are taken from the habit of bodies aged young full of ill humours well tempered almost all which have their proper and peculiar indications for curing The causes of Fractures Now the causes of Fractures are the too violent assaults or stroaks of all external things which may cut bruise break or shake in this number of causes may also be reckoned falls from high places and infinite other things which would be long and tedious to reckon up CHAP. II. Of the signs of a Fracture The first sign of a broken bone WE may know by evident signs that a bone is broken the first whereof and most certain is when by handling the part which we suspect to be broken we feel pieces of the bone severed asunder and hear a certain crackling of these pieces under our hands Another caused by the attrition of the shattered bones Another sign is taken from the impotency of the part which chiefly bewrayes it self when both the bones the leg and brace-bones the ell and wand are broken For if only the brace-bone or wand be broken the Patient may go on his leg A third and stir his arm for the Brace-bone serves for the sustaining of the muscles and not of the body as the leg-bone doth The third sign is drawn from the figure of the part changed besides nature for it is there hollow from whence the bone is flown or gone but gibbous or bunching out whither it is run Great pain in the interim torments the Patient by reason of the wronged periosteum and that membrane which involves the marrow and the sympathy of the adjacent parts which are compressed or pricked CHAP. III. Of Prognosticks to be made in Fractures WE must prognosticate in Fractures whether they are to end in the destruction or welfare of the Patient or whether their cure shall be long or short easie or else difficult and dangerous and lastly what accidents and symptoms may happen thereupon He shall easily attain to the knowledge of all these things who is not only well seen in the anatomical description of the bones but also in the temper composition and complexion of the whole body Wherefore in the first place I think good to admonish the Surgeon of this Why bones are more brittle in frosty weather that in winter when all is stiffe with cold by a little fall or some such sleight occasion the bones may be quickly and readily broken For then the bones being dried by the dryness of the air encompassing us become more brittle which every one of the vulgar usually observe to happen both in waxen and tallow-candles but when the season is moist the bones are also more moist and therefore more flexible and yielding to the violence of the obvious and offending body Wherefore also you may gather this to the framing of your Prognosticks Why the solution of continuity in bones is not so easily repaired Gal. in arte par That bones by reason of their natural driness are not so easily agglutinated and consolidated as flesh though in Children according to Galen by reason of the abundance of their humidity the lost substance may be repaired according as they term it to the first intention that is by restoring of the same kind of substance or matter But in others about the Fractures a certain hard substance usually concreats of that nourishment of the broken bone which abounds which glues together the fragments thereof being fitly put together This substance is then termed a Callus and it is so hardened in time that the bone thereafter in the broken part is seen to be more firm and hard than it is in any other therefore that usual saying in Physick is not without reason That rest is necessary for the uniting of broken bones For the Callus is easily dissolved if they be moved before their perfect and solid agglutination The matter of a Callus ought to be indifferent and laudable in quantity and quality even as blood which flowes for the regeneration of the lost flesh in wounds It is fit that there may be sufficient matter for such a Callus that the part have a laudable temper otherwise there either will be no Callus or certainly it will grow more slowly Why bones sooner knit in young bodies Fractures are far more easily repaired in young bodies than in old for in these there is plenty of the primigenious and radical moisture that is laudably holding and glutinous and in the other there is store of watrish and excrementitious humors By this you may easily conjecture that you cannot certainly set down a time necessary for the generating a Callus for in some it happens later in some sooner the cause of which variety is also to be referred to the constitution of the year and region the temper and diet of the Patient and manner of Ligation For those Patients whose powers are weak and blood waterish and thin in these the generation of a Callus uses to be more slowe On the contrary strong powers hasten to agglutinate the bones if there be plenty of gross and viscous matter whereby it comes to pass that meats of grosser nutriment are to be used Meats of gross and tough nourishment conduce to the generation of a Callus and medicins applyed which may help forwards the endeavour of nature as we shall declare hereafter When the bones are broken near unto the joints the motion afterwards uses
for as much as pertains to the generating of a Callus as light meats are For that makes the Callus too dry these too tender Lib. 6. meth c. 5. Wherefore Galen pronounces these meats onely fit for generating a Callus which are neither fragil nor friable neither serous and thin nor too dry but indifferent gross and also viscid fat and tough These meats digested by the stomach into chylus are sent into the guts and from hence by the mesaraick veins into the gate-vein and the hollow part of the Liver thence into the hollow vein and so into the veins dispersed over all the body and parts thereof There are also some of these veins which carry bloud into the bones but in the large cavities of the bones is marrow contained as in the small a certain marrowy substance proportionable thereto being their proper nourishment The generation of marrow is from the grosser portion of the bloud which flows into the greater cavities of the bones by larger veins and arteries but into the less by lesser which end in their pores and small passages For in large bones you may observe large and apparent passages by which the veins and arteries enter for the forementioned use Why the marrow may seem to have sense of feeling By the same ways the nerves also insinuate themselves from whence proceeds a membrane which involves the marrow of the bones the which by that means is endued with most exquisite sense as experience teacheth which is the cause that makes many believe that the marrow hath sense of feeling because the membranes thereof being hurt cause most bitter pain Therefore out of the marrow and the proper substance of the bone there sweats a certain gross and terrestrial juice whereof by the power of the assimilating faculty which serves in stead of the formative a Callus grows and knits In what space the leg is usually knit Simple fractures of the leg are usually knit in fifty days but through the occasion of the wound and the scales quite broke off and other accidents which befel me it was three whole months before the fragments of the bones were perfectly knit and it was also another month before I could go upon my leg without the help of a crutch Going was painful to me for some few days because the Callus had taken up some place of the muscles for before my former freedom of motion could return again to the broken and knit part it was necessary that the tendons and membranes should separate themselves by little and little from the scar In the performance of all these things I had the diligent and faithful assistance amongst the Surgeons to omit Physitians of Anthony Portal the Kings Surgeon CHAP. XXIX Of those things which may hinder the generation of a Callus and how to correct the faults thereof if it be ill formed HAving already spoken of the signs of a Callus beginning to concrete of its generation and the manner thereof it now remains that we treat of those things which hinder the generation thereof and what on the contrary help forwards the conformation and concretion thereof Now these things which either wholly hinder Discussing and unctuous medicines hinder the generation of a Callus What helps forward the generation thereof or else retard the generation of a Callus have a strong and powerful discussive and attenuating faculty or else they are unctuous oily and moist For by such the juice whereof the Callus ought to be is either melted and consumed or else grows soft and is relaxed But on the contrary those things which help forwards a Callus must be drying incrassating thickening hardning and emplastick moderately hot and astringent But for moist and relaxing medicines they ought to have no place here unless when it happens that the Callus is ill formed that is too thick or crooked or otherwise ill shapen whereby it may be wasted and broken so to be restored again after a better manner Yet notwithstanding such things are not to be attempted unless when the Callus is yet green and so depraved that the fault thereof doth very much pervert the native conformation of the part and exceedingly offend the action Then therefore in such a case the place must be fomented with a decoction of a Sheeps head and guts wherein shall be boiled the roots of Marsh-mallows of Briony the seeds of Line of Faenugreek Pigeons dung Bay-berries and the like You shall also use this following ointment and plaster ℞ Vnguenti de Althaeâ ℥ iv olei liliorum axungiae anseris an ℥ j. aquae vitae parum liquefiant fimul fiat linimentum quo lineatur pars Then apply this following emplaster ℞ Emplast de Vigo cum Mercurio cerati oesypati descriptione Phylagrii an ℥ iij. olei anethini liliorum an ℥ j. liquefiant omnia simul fiat emplastrum let it be spread upon leather for the aforesaid use When by this means the Callus shall seem to be sufficiently mollified it shall be broken and the bones restored to their natural state and the cure of the fracture to be followed as at the beginning What Callus must not be broken though distort or otherwise ill conformed If the Callus be become too hard through age it is better not to break it but to let it alone lest some worse accident befal the Patient For it may so fall out that by your labouring to break it the bone may break in some other part before it break in that which is knit by the Callus Therefore the discreet Patient had rather live lame than for eschewing it to undergo the hazzard of his life If the Callus be too gross it shall be diminished if it be as yet fresh with emollient resolving and powerfully astringent medicines which have force to dissolve dry and exhaust It will also be good strongly to rub the Callus with oyl of Bays wherein Salt-petre or some other kind of Salt hath been dissolved then wrapped about with a rowler to binde it very straitly putting a leaden plate thereon whereby the flowing down of the nourishing humour into the part may be forbidden that thus by little and little the Callus may decay and diminish If on the contrary The causes of too slender a Callus it any ways happen that the Callus be more thin and slender and grows more slowly for that it is too straitly bound or because the idle part is longer kept in quiet than is fit without exercising of its proper function which cause is to be reckoned amongst the chief causes of the leanness even for this reason for that exercise stirs up the native heat of the part the worker of digestion and nutrition or else for that they feed upon such nourishments as offend in quality or quantity or both or for that the ligature used to the part is too often loosed or because the part it self is too hastily and before the time
horny coat being relaxed or thrust forth by the violence of the pustule generated beneath It in shape resembleth a grape whence the Greeks stile it Staphyloma This tumor is sometimes blackish otherwhiles whitish For if the horny coat be ulcerated and fretted in sunder so that the grapy coat shew it self fall through the ulcer then the Staphyloma will look black like a ripe grape for the utter part of the Vvea is blackish But if the Cornea be only relaxed not broken then the swelling appears of a whitish colour like an unripe grape Paulus and Aetius The Antients have made many kinds or differences thereof For if it be but a smal hole of the broken Cornea by which the Vvea sheweth or thrusteth forth it self then they termed it Myccephalon that is like the head of a flie But if the hole were large and also callous they called it Clavus Every Slaphiloma infers incurable blindness or a nail if it were yet larger then they termed it Acinus or a grape But in what shape or figure soever this disease shall happen it bringeth two discommodities the one of blindness the other of deformitie Wherefore here is no place for Surgerie to restore the sight which is already lost but onely to amend the deformitie of the eye which is by cutting off that which is prominent But you must take heed that you cut away no more then is fit for so there would be danger of pouring out the humours of the eye CHAP. XVII Of the Hypopyon that is the suppurate or putrified eye PVS or Quitture is sometimes gathered between the hornie and grapie coat from an internal or external cause From an internal as by a great defluxion The cause and oft-times after an inflamation but externally by a stroke through which occasion a vein being opened hath poured forth bloud thither which may presently be turned into Quitture For the cure universal remedies being premised cupping glasses shall be applied with scarifications and frictions used Anodine and digestive collyria shall be poured from above downwards Galen writes that he hath sometimes evacuated this matter Lib. 14. method cap. ult the Cornea being opened at the Iris in which all the coats meet concur and are terminated I have done the like and that with good success James Guillemeau the Kings Surgeon being present the Quitture being expressed and evacuated after the apertion The Ulcer shall be cleansed with Hydromel or some other such like medicine CHAP. XVIII Of the Mydriasis or dilatation of the Pupil of the Eye MYdriasis is the dilatation of the pupil of the eye The Cause and this happeneth either by nature or chance the former proceedeth from the default of the first conformation neither is it cureable but the other is of sorts for it is either from an internal cause the off-spring of an humour flowing down from the brain wherefore Physical means must be used for the cure thereof The cure Now that which cometh by any external occasion as a blow fall or contusion upon the eye must be cured by presently applying repercussive and anodine medicines the defluxion must be hindered by diet skilfully appointed phlebotomie cupping scarification frictions and other remedies which may seem convenient Then must you come to resolving medicines as the bloud of a Turtle-dove Pigeon or chicken reeking-hot out of the vein being poured upon the eye and the neighbouring parts Then this following cataplasm shall be applied thereto A digesting Cataplasm â„ž farinae fabar hordei an â„¥ iij. ol rosar myrtillor an â„¥ j. ss pul ireos flor Ê’ij cum sapa fiat cataplasm You may also use the following fomentation â„ž rosar rub myrtyl an m.j florum melil chamaem an p.j. nucum cupress â„¥ j. vini ansteri lb ss aq rosar plantag an â„¥ iij. make a decoction of them all for a fomentation to be used with a sponge CHAP. XIX Of a Cataract A Cataract is called also by the Greeks Hypochima by the Latines suffusio A Cataract Howsoever you term it it is nothing else but the concretion of an humour into a certain thin skin under the hornie coat just against the apple or pupil and as it were swimming upon the waterie humour and whereas the place ought to be emptie opposing it self to the internal faculty of seeing whereby it differeth from spots and scars growing upon the hornie coat and Adnata It sometimes covereth the whole pupil The differences otherwhiles but the one half thereof and somewhiles but a small portion thereof According to this varietie the sight is either quite lost weak or somewhat depraved because the animal visive spirit cannot in its entire substance pass through the densitie thereof Causes The defluxion of the humour whence it proceeds is either caused by an external occasion as a stroke fall or by the heat or coldness of the encompassing air troublesome both to the head and eyes or else it is by an internal means as the multitude or else the acrid hot and thin quality of the humours This disease also sometimes taketh its original from gross and fumid humours sent from a crude stomach or from vaporous meats or drinks up to the brain and so it falleth into the eyes where by the coldness straitness and tarrying in the place they turn into moisture and at length into that concretion or film which we see The signs may be easily drawn from that we have already delivered Signs For when the cataract is formed and ripe it resembleth a certain thin membrane spred over the pupil and appeareth of a different colour accorcing to the variety of the humor whereof it consisteth one while white another while black blue ash-coloured livid citrine green It sometimes resembleth quick-silver which is very trembling and fugitive more than the rest At the first when it beginneth to breed they seem to see many things as flyes flying up and down hares nets and the like as if they were carelesly tossed up and down before their eyes sometimes every thing appeareth two and somewhiles less than they are because the visive spirit is hindred from passing to the objects by the density of the skin like as a cloud shadowing the light of the Sun Whence it is that the patients are duller fighted about noon and surer and quicker sighted in the morning and evening for that the little visive spirit diffused through the air is dispersed by the greater light but contracted by the less Now if this film cover half the pupil then all things shew but by halfs but if the midst thereof be covered and as it were the centre of the chrystalline humor then they seem as if they had holes or windows but if it cover at all then can he see nothing it all but only the shadows of visible bodies and of the Sun Moon Stars lighted cancles and the like luminous things and that but confusedly and as
the microcosmos or lesser world there are windes thunders earth-quakes showrs mundations of waters sterilityes fertilities stones mountains sundry sorts of fruits and creatures thence arise For who can deny but that there is winde contained shut up in flatulent abscesses in the guts of those that are troubled with the colick Flatulencies make so great a noise in divers womens bellies if so be you stand near them that you would think you heard a great number of frogs croaking on the night-time That water is contained in watery abscesses and the belly of such as have the dropsie is manifested by that cure which is performed by the letting forth of the water in fits of Agues the whole body is no otherwise shaken and trembles Of stones then the earth when it is heard to bellow and felt no shake under our feet He which shall see the stones which are taken out of the bladder and come from the kidnies and diveâ—â—e other parts of the body cannot deny but that stones are generated in our bodies Furthermore we see both men and women who in their face or some other parts shew the impression or imprinted figure of a cherry Of fruits from the first conformation plumb service fig mulberry and the like fruit the cause hereof is thought to be the power of the imagination concurring with the formative faculty and the tenderness of the yielding and wax-like embryon easie to be brought into any form or figure by reason of the proper and native humidity For you shall finde that all their mothers whilst they went with them have earnestly desired or longed for such things which whilst they have to earnestly agitated in their mindes they have trans-ferred the shape unto the childe whilst that they could not enjoy the things themselves Now who can deny but that the bunches of the back and large wens resemble mountains Who can gain-say but that the squalid sterility may be assimilate to the hectick driness of wasted and consumed persons and fertility deciphered by the body distended with much flesh and fat so that the legs can scarce stand under the burden of the belly But that â—ivers creatures are generated in one creature that is in man and that in sundry parts of him the following histories shall make it evident The figure of a scorpion It makes Hollerius conjecture of the cause and original of this Scorpion probable for that Chrysippus Dyophanes and Pliny write that of basil beaten between two stones and laid in the sun there will come Scorpions Lib. 5. de part morbic cap 7. Fernelius writes that in a certain souldier who was flat nosed upon the too long restraint or stoppage of a certain filthy matter that flowed out of the nose that there were generated two hairy worms of the bigness of ones finger which at length made him mad he had no manifest fever and he died about the twentieth day this was their shape by as much as we can gather by Fernelius his words The effigies of worms mentioned by Fernelius Lues Duret a man of great learning and credit An history told me that he had come forth with his urine after a long and difficult disease a quick creature of colour red but otherwise in shape like a Millepes that is a Cheslop or Hog-â—ouse The shape of a Millepes cast forth by urine Count Charls of Mansfieldt last Summer troubled with a greivous and continual sever in the Duke of Guises place cast forth a filthy matter at his yard An history in the shape of a live thing almost just in this form The shape of a thing cast forth by urine Monstrous creatures also of sundry forms are also generated in the wombs of women somewhiles alone other whiles with a mola and sometime with a childe naturally and well made Nicolaus Flor God lib. 7. c. 18. as frogs toads serpents lizzards which therefore the Antients have termed the Lombards brethren for that it was usual with their women that together with their natural and perfect issue they brought into the world worms serpents and monstrous creatures of that kind generated in their wombs for that they alwayes more respected the decking of their bodies then they did their diet For it happened whilest they fed on fruits weeds trash and such things as were of ill juyce they generated a putrid matter or certainly very subject to putrefaction corruption and consequently opportune to generate such unperfect creatures Joubertas telleth that there were two Italian women that in one moneth brought forth each of them a monstrous birth Lib. error popul the one that marryed a Taylor brought forth a thing so little that it resembled a Rat without a tail but the other a Gentlewoman brought forth a larger for it was of the bigness of a Cat both of them were black and as soon as they came out of the womb they ran up high on the wall and held fast thereon with their nails Lycosthenes writes that in Anno Dom. 1494. a woman at Cracovia in the street which taketh name from the holy Ghost was delivered of a dead childe who had a Serpent fastned upon his back which fed upon this dead childe as you may perceive by this following figure The figure of a Serpent fastened to a Childe Levinus Lemnius tells a very strange history to this purpose Some few years agone saith he a certain woman of the Isle in Flanders which being with child by a Sailor Lib. de occult nat mir cap. 8. her belly swelled up so speedily that it seemed she would not be able to carry her burden to the term prescribed by nature her ninth month being ended she calls a Midwife and presently after strong throws and pains she first brought forth a deformed lump of flesh having as it were to handles on the sides stretched forth to the length and manner of arms and it moved and panted with a certain vital motion after the manner of spunges and sea-nettles but afterwards there came forth of her womb a monster with a crooked nose a long and round neck terrible eyes a sharp tail and wonderful quick of the feet it was shaped much after this manner The shape of a monster that came forth of a Womans womb As soon as it came into the light it filled the whole room with a noise and hissing running to every side to finde out a lurking hole wherein to hide its head but the women which were present with a joynt consent fell upon it and smothered it with cushions at length the poor woman wearied with long travel was delivered of a boy but so evilly entreated and handled by this monster that it died as soon as it was christned Lib. de divinis natur Characterismis Cornelius Gemma a Physician of Lovain telleth that there were many very monstrous and strange things cast forth both upwards and downwards out of the belly of a certain maid of
obstructed by the thickness of this humor but they are depressed and flatted by reason of the rest of the face and all the neighboring parts swoln more then their wont add hereto that the partition is consumed by the acrimony of the corroding and ulcerating humor The seventh is the lifting up thickness and swelling of the lips the filthiness stench and corrosion of the gums by acrid vapors riseing to the mouth but the lips of leprous persons are more swoln by the internal heat burning and incrassating the humors as the outward heat of the Sun doth in the Moors The eighth sign is the swelling and blackness of the tongue and as it were varicous veins lying under it because the tongue being by nature spongeous and rare is easily stored with excrementitious humors sent from the inner parts unto the habit of the body which same is the cause why the glandules placed about the tongue above and below are swoln hard and round no otherwise then scrophulous or meazled swine Lastly all their face riseth in red bunches or pushes and is over-spread with a dusky and obscure redness the eies are fiery fierce and fixed by a melancholick chachectick disposition of the whole body manifest signs whereof appear in the face by reason of the fore-mentioned causes yet some leprous persons have their faces tinctured with a yellowish others with a whitish color according to the condition of the humor which serves for a basis to the leprous malignity For hence Physicians affirm that there are three sorts of Leprosies one of a reddish black colour consisting in a melancholick humor another of a yellowish green in a cholerick humor another in a whitish yellow grounded upon adust phlegm The ninth sign is a stinking of the breath as also of all the excrement s proceeding from leprous bodies by reason of the malignity conceived in the humors The tenth is a horsness a shaking harsh and obscure voice as it were comming out of the nose by reason of the lungs recurrent nerves and muscles of the throttle tainted with the grosness of a virulent and adust humor the forementioned constriction and obstruction of the inner passage of the nose and lastly the asperity and inequality of the Weazon by immoderate driness as it happens to such as have drunk plentifully of strong wines without any mixture This immoderate driness of the muscles serving for respiration makes them to be troubled with a difficulty of breathing The eleventh sign is very observable which is a morphew or defedation of all the skin with a dry roughness and grainy inequality such as appears in the skins of plucked geese with many tetters on every side a filthy scab and ulcers not casting off only a bran-like scurf but also scales and crusts The cause of this dry scab is the heat of the burning bowels and humors unequally contracting and wrinkling the skin no otherwise then as leather is wrinkled by the heat of the sun or fire The cause of the filthy scab and serpiginous ulcers is the eating and corroding condition of the melancholick humor and the venenate corruption it also being the author of corruption so that it may be no marvel if the digestive faculty of the liver being spoiled the assimilative of a malign and unfit matter sent into the habit of the body cannot well nor fitly perform that which may be for the bodies good The twelfth is the sense of a certain pricking as it were of Goads or needles over all the skin caused by an acrid vapor hindred from passing forth and intercepted by the thickness of the skin The thirteenth is a consumption and emaciation of the muscles which are between the thumb and fore-finger not only by reason that the nourishing and assimilating faculties want fit matter wherewith they may repair the loss of these parts for that is common to these with the rest of the body but because these muscles naturally rise up unto a certain mountainous tumor therefore their depression is the more manifest And this is the cause that the shoulders of leprous persons stand out like wings to wit the emaciation of the inward part of the muscle Trapozites The fourteenth sign is the diminution of sense or a numness over all the body by reason that the nerves are obstructed by the thickness of the melancholick humor hindring the free passage of the animal spirit that it cannot come to the parts that should receive sense these in the interim remaining free which are sent into the muscles for motions sake and by this note I chiefly make trial of leprous persons thrusting a somewhat long and thick needle some-what deep into the great tendon endued with most exquisite sense which runs to the heel which if they do not well feel I conclude that they are certainly leprous Now for that they thus lose their sense their motion remaining entire the cause hereof is that the nerves which are disseminated to the skin are more affected and those that run into the muscles are not so much and therefore when as you prick them somewhat deep they feel the prick which they do nor in the surface of the skin The fifteenth is the corruption of the extreme parts possessed by putrefaction and a gangrene by reason of the corruption of the humors sent thither by the strength of the bowels infecting with the like tainture the parts wherein they remain add hereto that the animal sensitive faculty is there decaied and as often as any faculty hath forsaken any part the rest presently after a manner neglect it The sixteenth is they are troubled with terrible dreams for they seem in their sleep to see divels serpents dungeons graves dead bodies and the like by reas n of the black vapors of the melancholick humor troubling the phantasie with black and dismal visions by which reason also such as are bitten of a mad dog fear the water The seventeenth is that at the beginning and increase of the disease they are subtill crafty and furious by reason of the heat of the humors and blood but at length in the state and declension by reason of the heat of the humors and blood and entrails decaying by little and little therefore then fearing all things whereof there is no cause and distrusting of their own strength they endeavor by craft maliciously to circumvent those with whom they deal for that they perceive their powers to fail them The eighteenth is a desire of venery above their nature both for that they are inwardly burned with a strange heat as also by the mixture of slatulencies therewith for whose generation the melancholick humor is most fit which are agitated and violently carried through the veins and genital parts by the preternatural heat but at length when this heat is cooled and that they are fallen into an hot and dry distemper they mightily abhor venery which then would be very hurtful to them as it also is at the beginning of the disease because
do not approve of he shall do me a favour if for the publick good he shall freely oppose his but in he interim take this in good part which I have done The end of the one and twentieth Book The TVVO and TVVENTIETH BOOK Of the PLAGUE CHAP. I. The description of the Plague THe Plague is a cruel and contagious disease which every-where What the Plague is like a common disease invading Man and Beast kills very many being attended and as it were associated with a continual Fever Botches Carbuncles Spots Nauseousness Vomitings and other such malign accidents This disease is not so pernicious or hurtful by any elementary quality as from a certain poysonous and venenate malignity the force whereof exceeds the condition of common putrefaction Yet I will not deny but that it is more hurtful in certain bodies times and regions as also many other diseases of which Hippocrates makes mention But from hence we can only collect Sect. 3. aphoâ— that the force and malignity of the plague may be encreased or diminished according to the condition of the elementary qualities concurring with it but not the whole nature and essence thereof to depend thereon This pestiferons poyson principally assails the vitall spirit the store-house and original whereof is the heart so that if the vitall spirit prove stronger it drives it far from the heart but if weaker it being overcome and weakned by the hostile assault flies back into the fortress of the heart by the like contagion infecting the heart and so the whole body being spread into it How it comes to kill by the passages of the arteries Hence it is pestilent fevers are sometime simple and solitary other-whiles associated with a troop of other affects as Botches Carbuncles Blanes and Spots of one or more colours It is probable such affects have their original from the expulsive faculty whether strong or weak The original of buboes carbuncles c. in the plague provoked by the malignity of the raging matter yet assuredly divers symptoms and changes arise according to the constitution of the body of the patient and condition of the humor in which the virulency of the plague is chiefly inherent and lastly in the nature of the efficient cause I thought good by this description to express the nature of the Plague at this my first entrance into this matter for we can scarce comprehend it in a proper definition For although the force thereof be definite and certain in nature yet it is not altogether certain and manifest in mens minds because it never happens after one sort so that in so great variety it is very difficult to set down any thing general and certain CHAP. II. Of the Divine causes of an extraordinary Plague IT is a confirmed constant and received opinion in all Ages amongst Christians that the plague and other diseases which violently assail the life of man are often sent by the just anger of God punishing offences Amos 3. Acts 17. The Prophet Amos hath long since taught it saying Shall there be affliction shall there be evil in a City and the Lord hath not done it On which truly we ought daily to meditate and that for two causes The first is that we alwaies bear this in minde that we enjoy health five move and have our beings from God and that it descends from that Father of Light and for this cause we are alwaies bound to give him great and exceeding thanks The other is that knowing the calamities by sending whereof the Divine anger proceeds to revenge we may at length repent and leaving the way of wickedness walk in the paths of Godliness For thus we shall learn to see in God our selves the Heaven and Earth the true knowledg of the causes of the plague and by a certain Divine Philosophie teach God to be the beginning and cause of the second causes The second causes have their power from God as the first cause which we cannot well without the first cause go about nor attempt much less perform any thing For from hence they borrow their force order and constancy of order so that they serve as instruments for God who rules and governs us and the whole world to perform all his works by that constant course of order which he hath appointed unchangeable from the beginning Wherefore all cause of a plague is not to be attributed to these near and inferiour causes or beginnings as the Epicures and Lucianists commoonly do who attributing too much yea all things to Nature have left nothing to Gods providence On the contrary we ought to think and believe in all our doings That even as God by his omnipotent Power hath created all things of nothing so he by his eternal Wisdom preserves and governs the same leads and inclines them as he pleaseth yea verily at his pleasure changeth their order and the whole course of nature This cause of an extraordinary Plague as we confess and acknowledg so here we will not prosecute it any further but think fit to leave it to Divines because it exceeds the bounds of Nature in which I will now contain my self Wherefore let us come to the natural causes of the Plague CHAP. III. Of the Natural causes of the Plague and chiefly of the Seminary of the Plague by the corruption of the Air. THe general causes of the Plague Lib 6. de loc affectis THe general and natural causes of the Plague are absolutely two that is the infection of corrupt air and a preparation and fitness of corrupt humors to take that infection for it is noted before out of the doctrine of Galen that our humors may be corrupted and degenerate into such an alienation as may equal the malignity of poyson The air is corrupted when the four seasons of the year have not their seasonableness or degenerate from themselves either by alteration or by alienation as if the constitution of the whole year be moist and rainy How the Seasons of the year may be said to want their seasonableness by reason of gross and black clouds if the Winter be gentle and warm without any Northerly winde which is cold and dry and by that means contrary to putrefaction if the Spring which should be temperate shall be faulty in any excess of distemper if the Autumn shall be ominous by fires in the air with stars shooting and as it were falling down or terrible comets never seen without some disaster if the Summer be hot cloudy and moist and without winds and the clouds flie from the South into the North. These and such like unnatural constitutions of the seasons of the year were never better or more excellently handled by any then by Hippocrates in his Books Epidemion Therefore the air from hence draws the seeds of corruption and the pestilente which at length the like excess of qualities being brought in it sends into the humors of our bodies chiefly such as are
more hurtful to men and birds as those who are nearer to Heaven CHAP. VI. By using what cautions in Air and diet one may prevent the Plague HAving declared the signs fore-shewing a Pestilence Change of places the surest putrefaction of the Plague now we must shew by what means we may shun the imminent danger thereof and defend our selves from it No prevention seemed more certain to the Antients then most speedily to remove into places far distant from the infected place and to be most slow in their return thither again But those who by reason of their business or employments cannot change their habitation must principally have a care of two things The first is that they strengthen their bodies Two things of chief account for prevention and the principal parts thereof against the daily imminent invasions of the poyson or the pestiserous and venenate Air. The other that they abate the force of it that it may not imprint its virulencie in the body which may be done by correcting the excess of the quality inclining towards it by the opposition of its contrary For if it be hotter then is meet it must be tempered with cooling things if too cold with heating things yet this will not suffice For we ought besides to amend and purge the corruptions of the venenate malignity diffused through it by smells and perfumes resisting the poyson thereof The body will be strengthned and more powerfully resist the insected Air if it want excrementitious humors which may be procured by purging and bleeding Diet for prevention of the Plague and for the rest a convenient diet appointed as shunning much variety of meats and hot and moist things and all such which are easily corrupted in the stomach and cause obstructions such as those things which be made by Comfit-makers we must shun satiety and drunkenness for both of them weaken the powers which are preserved by the moderate use of meats of good juice Let moderate excercises in a clear Air and free from any venomous tainture precede your meals Let the belly have due evacuation either by Nature or Art Let the heart the seat of life and the rest of the bowels be strengthened with Cordials and Antidotes applied and taken as we shall hereafter shew in the form of epithemes Discommodities of a cloudy or foggy Air. ointments emplasters waters pils powders tablets opiates fumigations and such like Make choice of a pure air and free from all pollution and far remote from stinking places for such is most fit to preserve life to recreate and repair the spirits whereas on the contrary a cloudie or mistie Air and such as is infected with gross and stinking vapors dulls the spirits deject the appetite makes the body faint and ill coloured oppresseth the heart and is the breeder of many diseases The Northern winde is healthful because it is cold and drie But on the contrary Why the South winde is pestilent the Southern winde because it is hot and moist weakens the body by sloth or dulness opens the pores and makes them pervious to the pestiferous malignity The Western winde is also unwholsome because it comes near to the nature of a Southern wherefore the windows must be shut up on that side of the house on which they blow but open on the North and East-fide unless it happen that the Plague come from thence Kindle a clear fire in all the lodging Chambers of the house The efficacy of fire against the Plague and perfume the whole house with Aromatick things as Frankincense Myrrh Benzoin Laudanum Styrax Roses Mittle-leaves Lavender Rosemary Sage Savory wilde Time Marjarom Broom Pine-apples pieces of Firt Juniper-berries Cloves Perfumes and let your cloaths be aired in the same There be some who think it a great preservative against the pestilent Air to keep a Goat in their houses because the capacity of the houses filled with a strong sent which the Goat sends forth prohibites the entrance of the venomous Air which same reason hath place also in sweet smells and besides it argues that such as are hungry are apter to take the Plague then those who have eaten moderately for the body is not only strengthened with meat Moderate repletition good for prevention but all the passages thereof are full by the vapors diffused from thence by which otherwise the infected Air would finde a more easie entrance to the heart Yet the common sort of people yield another reason for the Goat which is that one ill sent drives away another as one wedge drives forth another which calleth to my minde that which is recorded by Alexander Benedictus A strange Art to drive away the Plague that there was a Scythian Physician which caused a Plague arising from the infection of the Air to cease by cauâ—â—ng all the Dogs Cats and such like beasts which were in the City to be killed and cast their carcasses up and down the streets that so by the coming of this new putrid vapour as a stranger the former pestiferous infection as an old guest was put out of its lodging The antipathy of poysons with poysons and so the Plague ceased For Poysons have not only an antipathy with their Antidotes but also with some other poysons Whilst the Plague is hot it is good not to stir out of door before the rising of the Sun wherefore we must have patience until he hath cleansed the Air with the comfortable light of his Beams and dispersed all the soggy and nocturnal pollutions which commonly hang in the Air in dirty and especially in low places and Vallies All publick and great meetings and assemblies must be shunned Whether in the Plague-time one must travel by night or by day If the Plague begin in Summer and seem principally to rage being helped forward by the Summers-heat it is best to perform a journey begun or undertaken for necessary affairs rather upon the night-time then on the day because the infection takes force strength and subtility of substance by which it may more easily permeat and enter in by the heat of the Sun but by Night mens bodies are more strong and all things are more gross and dense But you must observe a clean contrary course Why the Moon is to be shunned if the malignity seem to borrow strength and celerity from coldness But you must alwayes eschew the beams of the Moon but especially at the Full for then our bodies are more languid and weak and suller of excrementitious humors Even as trees which for that cause must be cut down in their season of the Moon that is in the decrease thereof After a little gentle walking in your Chamber you must presently use some means that the principal parts may be strengthned by suscitating the heat and spirits and that the passages to them may be filled that so the way may be shut up from the infection coming from without Such as by the use of
distended or made stiff when the nervous spongeous and hollow substance thereof is replete and puffed up with a flatulent spirit The womb allures or drawes the masculine seed into it self by the mouth thereof and it receives the womans seed by the horns from the spermatick vessels which come from the testicles into the hollowness or concavity of the womb that so it may be tempered by conjunction commission and confusion with the mans seed and so reduced or brought unto a certain equality for generation or conception cannot follow without the concourse of two seeds well and perfectly wrought in the very same moment of time nor without a laudable disposition of the womb both in temperature and complexion Why a male and why a female is engendred if in this mixture of seeds the mans seed in quality and quantity exceed the womans it will be a man-childe if not a woman-childe although that in either of the kindes there is both the mans and womans seed as you may see by the daily experience of those men who by their first wives have had boyes only and by their second wives had girls only the like you may see in certain women who by their first husbands have had males only and by their second husbands females only Moreover one and the same man is not alwaies like affected to get a man or woman-childe for by reason of his age temperature and diet he doth sometimes yeeld forth seed endued with a masculine virtue and sometimes with a feminine or weak virtue so that it is no marvel if men get sometimes men and sometimes women-children CHAP. II. Of what quality the seed is whereof the male and whereof the female is engendred MAle Children are engendred of a more hot and dry seed and women of a more cold and moist for there is much less strength in cold then in heat Why men children are sooner formed in the womb 〈◊〉 then womâ—n and likewise in moisture then in driness and that is the cause why it will be longer before a girle is formed in the womb then a boy In the seed lieth both the procreative and the formative power as for exâ—mple In the power of Melon-seed are situate the stalks branches leaves flowers The seed is that in power from whence each thing cometh or floweth Why the children are most commonly like unto their Fathers fruit the form colour smell seed and all The like reason is of other seeds so Apple-grafts engrafted in the stock of a Pear-tree bear Apples and we do alwaies finde and see by experience that the tree by virtue of grafting that is grafted doth convert it self into the nature of the Siens wherewith it is grafted But although the childe that is born doth resemble or is very like unto the Father or Mother as his or her seed exceedeth in the mixture yet for the most part it happeneth that the children are more like unto the father then mother because that in the time of copulation the minde of the woman is more fixed on her husband then the minde of the husband on or towards his wife for in the time of copulation or conception the forms or the likenesse of those things that are conceived or kept in minde are transported and impressed in the childe or issue for so they affirm that there was a certain Queen of the Aethiopians who brought forth a white childe the reason was as shee confessed that at the time of copulation with her King she thought on a marvelous white thing with a very strong imagination Therefore Hesiod advertiseth all married people not to give themselves to carnal copulation when they return from burials When children should be gotten but when they come from feasts and plaies left that their said heavy and pensive cogitations should be so transfused and engraften in the issue that they should contaminate or infect the pleasant joyfulness of his life with sad Why oftentimes the childe resembleth the Grandfather pensive or passionate thoughts Sometimes it happeneth although very seldome the childe is neither like the father nor the mother but in favor resembleth his Grandfather or any other of his kindred by reason that in the inward parts of the parents the engrafted power and nature of the Grandfather lieth hidden which when it hath lurked there long not working any effect at length breaks forth by means of some hidden occasion wherein nature resembleth the Painter making the lively portraiture of a thing which as far as the subject matter will permit doth form the issue like unto the parents in every habit so that often-times the diseases of the parents are transferred or participated unto the children as it were by a certain hereditary title for those that are crook-backt get crook-backt children those that are lame lame those that are leprous leprous those that have the stone children having the stone those that have the ptisick children having the ptisick and those that have the gout children having the gout for the seed follows the power nature temperature and complexion of him that engendreth it Why sometimes those that are diseased do get sound children Therefore of those that are in health and sound healthie and sound and of those that are weak and diseased weak and diseased children are begotten unless happily the seed of one of the parents that is sound doth correct or amend the diseased impression of the other that is diseased or else the temperate and sound womb as it were by the gentle and pleasant breath thereof CHAP. III. What is the cause why Females of all brute beasts being great with young do neither desire nor admit the males until they have brought forth their Young Why the sense of Venereo us acts is given to brute beasts THe cause hereof is forasmuch as they are moved by sense only they apply themselves unto the thing that is present very little or nothing at all perceiving things that are past and to come Therefore after they have conceived they are unmindful of the pleasure that is past and do abhor copulation for the sense or feeling of lust is given unto them by nature Why of brute beasts the males rageing with lust follow after the females Wherefore a woman when she is with childe desireth copulation only for the preservation of their kinde and not for voluptuousness or delectation But the males rageing swelling and as it were stimulated by the provocations of the heat or fervency of their lust do then run unto them follow and desire copulation because a certain strong odor or smell commeth into the air from their secret or genital parts which pierceth into their nostrils and unto their brain and so inserteth an imagination desire and heat Contrariwise the sense and feeling of Venerous actions seemeth to be given by nature to women not only for the propagation of issue and for the conservation of mankinde but also to mitigate and asswage the
were by a cerâ—ain divine rule It is termed the minde because it is mindfull of things past in recalling and remembring them And it is called the vigor or courage beâ—â—◠〈…〉 vigor and courage to the sluggish weight or mass of the body And lastly it is 〈◊〉 the sense and understanding because it comprehendeth things that are sensible and intelliâ—â—â—â— Because it is incorporeal it cannot occupie a place by corporeal extention although notwithstanding it filleth the whole body It is simple because it is but one in essence not increased not diminished for it is no less in a Dwarf then in a Giant and it is like perfect and great in an 〈◊〉 as in a man according to its own nature But there are three kindes of bodies informed by a soul whe eby they live Three kindes of living bodies The superiours soul containeth in it self all the powers of the inferiour the first being the most imperfect is of plants the second of brute beasts and the third of men The plants live by a vegetative beasts by a sensitive and men by an intellective soul And as the sensitive soul of brute beasts is endued with all the virtues of the vegetative so the humane intellective comprehenceth the virtues of all the inferior not separated by any division but by being indivisibly united with reason and understanding into one humane form and soul whereon they depend But because wee have said a little before that divers functions of the life are resident and appear in divers parts of the body here in this place omitting all others we will prosecute those only which are accounted the principal The principal functions of the humane soul according to the opinion of many are four in number proceeding from so many faculties and consequently from one soul they are these What the common sense The function of the common sense is double The Common Sense Imagination Reasoning and Memory And they think that the common or interiour sense doth receive the formes and images of sensible things being carried by the spirit through the passage of the nerves as an instrument of the external senses as it were a messenger to go between them and it serves not only to receive them but also to know perceive and discern them For the eie wherein the external sense of seeing consisteth doth not know white or black Therefore it cannot discern the differences of colours as neither the tongue tastes nor the nose savours nor the ears sound nor lastly the hands their touching quality yea the eye doth not of it selfe perceive that it seeth nor the nose that it smelleth nor the ears that they hear nor the tongue that it tasteth nor the hands that they touch For all these things are the offices and functions of the common sense for this sense knoweth that the eye hath seen some thing either white black red a man horse sheep or some such like material thing yea even when the sight is gone and past and so likewise the nose to have smelled this or that savour the ear to have heard this or that sound the tongue to have tasted this or that taste and the hand to have touched this or that thing be they never so divers For all the external senses and all the functions thereof do end and are referred to the Common sense as it were the lines of a circle from the circumference into the center as it is expressed in this figure For which cause it is called the common or principal sense for that therein the primitive power of feeling or perceiving is situated for it useth the ministery or service of the external senses what cause the internal sense is called the common sense The common sense understandeth or knoweth those things that are simple only to know many and divers things whose differences it doth discern and judge but simple things that are of themselves and without any composition and connexion which may constitute anthing true or false or any argumentation belongeth only to the minde understanding or reason For this was the counsel of nature that the external sences should receive the forms of things superficially lightly and gently only like as a glass not to any other end but that they should presently send them unto the Common sense as it were unto their center and prince which he that is to say the Common sense delivereth to be collected unto the understanding or reasoning faculty of the soul which Avicen and Averrcis have supposed to be situated in the former paâ— of the brain What imagination is Next unto the common sense followeth the phantasie or imagination so called because of it arise the formes and Ideas that are conceived in the minde called of the Greeks Phantaâ—mata This doth never rest but in those that sleep neither alwaies in them for ofttimes in them it causeth dreams and causeth them to suppose they see and perceive such things as were never perceived by the senses not which the nature of things not the order of the world will permit The power of this faculty of the minde is so great in us that it often bringeth the whole body in subjection unto it For it is recorded in history that Alexander the Great sitting at Table and hearing Timotheus the Musician sing a Martial sonnet unto his Cythern that he presently leaped from the Table and called for arms but when again the Musician mollified his tune he returned to the table and sate down as before The power of imagination caused by musical harmony was so great that it subjected to it the courage or the worlds conquerour by whose various motion it would now as it were cause him to run headlong to arms and then pacifie and quiet him and so cause him to return to his chair and banquetting again And there was one whosoever it was who some few years agon seeing the Turk dance on a rope on high with both his feet fastned in a basin turned his eyes from so dangerous a sight or spectacle although came of purpose to see it and stricken with such fear that his body shook and heart quaked for fear lest that by sudden falling down headlong he should break his neck Many looking down fron an high and lofty place are so stricken with fear that suddenly they fall down headlong being so overcome and bound with the imagination of the danger that their own strength is not able to sustain them Therefore it manifestly appeareth that God hath dealt most graciously and lovingly with us who unto this power of imagination hath joyned another that is the faculty or power of reason and understanding which discerning false dangers and perils from true doth sustain and hold up a man that he may not be overthrown by them What Reason is After this appeareth and approacheth to perform his function the faculty of Reason being the Prince of all the principal faculties of the soul which bringeth together composeth joyneth and
conformation must be speedily amended as it often happeneth For if any such cover or stop the orifices of the ears nostrils mouth yard or womb it must be cut in sunder by the Chirurgian and the passage must be kept open by putting in of tents pessaries or dosels left otherwise they should joyn together again after they are cut If he have one finger more then he should naturally if his fingers do cleave close together like unto the feet of a Goose or Duck if the ligamental membrane that is under the tongue be more short and stiffer then it ought that the infant cannot suck nor in time to come speak by reason thereof and if there be any other thing contrary to nature it must be all amended by the industry of some expert Chirurgian Many times in children newly born there sticketh on the inner side of their mouth and on their tongue a certain chalky substance both in colour and in consistence this affect proceeding from the distemperature of the mouth the French-men call it the white Cancer Remedies for the Cancer in a childes mouth It will not permit the infant to suck and will shortly breed and degenerate into ulcers that will creep into the jawes and even unto the throat and unless it be cleansed speedily will be their death For remedy whereof it must be cleansed by Detersives as with a linnen cloth bound to a little stick and dippped in a medicine of an indifferent consistence made with oil or sweet almonds hony and sugar For by rubbing this gently on it the filth may be mollified and so cleansed or washed away Moreover it will be very meet and convenient to give the infant one spoonful of oil of almonds to make his belly loose and slippery to asswage the roughness of the weason and gul let and to dissolve the tough phlegm which causeth a cough and sometimes difficulty of breathing If the eye-lids cleave together or if they be joyned together or agglutinated to the coats cornea or adnata if the watery tumor called hydroccephalos affect the head then must they be cured by the proper remedies formerly prescribed against each disease Many from their birth have spots or markes which the common people of France call Signes that is marks or signs Some of these are plain and equal with the skin others are raised up in little tumors and like unto warts some have hairs upon them many times they are smooth black or pale yet for the most part red When they rise in the face they spread abroad thereon many times with great deformity Many think the cause thereof to be a certain portion of menstrual matter cleaving to the sides of the womb comming of a fresh flux if happily a man do yet use copulation with the woman or else distilling out of the veins into the womb mixed concorporated with the seeds at that time when they are congealed infecting this or that part of the issue being drawn out of the seminal body with their own colour Women referr the cause thereof unto their longing when they are with childe which may imprint the image of the thing they long for or desire in the childe or issue that is not as yet formed as the force and power of imagination in humane bodies is very great but when the childe is formed no imagination is able to leave the impression of any thing in it no more then it could cause horns to grow on the head of King Chypus as he slept presently after he was returned from attentively beholding Bulls fighting together Some of those spots be cureable others not as those that are great An old fable of King Chypus and those that are on the lips nostrils and eye-lids But those that are like unto warts because they are partakers of a certain malign quality and melancholick matter which may be irritated by endeavouring to cure them are not to be medled with at all for being troubled and angered Which uncureable Which and how they are cureable they soon turn into a Cancer which they call Noli me taugere Those that are curable are small and in such parts as they may be dealt withall without danger Therefore they must be pierced through by the roots with a needle and a thread and so being lifted up by the ends of the thread they most be cut away and the wound that remaineth must be cured according to the general method of wounds There are some that suppose the red spots that are raised up into little knobs and bunches may be washed away and consumed by rubbing and annointing them often with menstrual blood or the blood of the secundine or after-birth Those that are hairy and somewhat raised up like unto a Want oâ— Mouse must be pierced through the roots in three or four places and straitly bound so that at length being destitute of life and nutriment they may fall away after they are faln away the ulcer that remaineth must be cured as other ulcers are If thereby any superfluous flesh remain it must be taken away by applying Aegyptiacum or the powder of Mercury and such like but if it be doubted that it commeth from the root of the tumor that may haply remain it must be burned away by the root with oyl of vitriol or aqua fortis There is also another kinde or sort of spots of a livid or violet-colour comming especially in the face about the lips with a soft slack lax thin and unpainful tumor and the veins as if they were varicous round about it This kinde of tumor groweth greater when it ariseth on children that are wayward and crying and in men of riper years that are cholerick and angry and then it will be of a diverse colour like unto a lapper or flap of flesh that hangeth over the Turky-cocks bill When they have done crying or ceased their anger the tumor wil return to his own natural colour again But you must not attempt to cure it in people that are of these conditions CHAP. XVIII How to pull away the secundine or after-birth Why it is called the secundine I Suppose that they are called secundines because they do give the woman that is with châ—lde the second time as it were a second birth for if there be several children in the womb at once and of different sexes they then have every one their several secundines which thing is very necessary to be known by all Midwives For they do many times remain behinde in the womb when the childe is born The causes of the stâ—ying of the secundines either by reason of the weakness of the woman in travail which by contending and laboâ—ing for the birth of the childe hath spent all her strength or else by a tumor rising suddenly in the neck of the womb by reason of the long and difficult birth and the cold air unadvisedly permitted to strike into the orifice of the womb For so the liberties of
the shortness of the ligature ligament that is under the yard doth make it to be crooked and violate the stiff straightness thereof so that it cannot be put directly or straightly into the womans privy parts There be some that have not the orifice of the conduit of the yard rightly in the end thereof but a little higher so that they cannot ejaculate or cast out their seed into the womb The sign of the palsie in the yard Also the paritcular palsie of the yard is numbred amongst the causes of barrenness and you may prove whether the palsie be in the yard by dipping the genitals in cold water for except they do draw themselves together or shrink up after it it is a token of the palsie for members that have the palsie by the touching of cold water do not shrink up but remain in their accustomed laxity and looseness but in this case the genitals are endued with small sense the seed commeth out without pleasure or stiffness of the yard the stones in touching are cold and to conclude those that have their bodies daily waxing lean through a consumption or that are vexed with an evill hâ—bit or disposition or with the obstruction of some of the entrals are barren and unfertil and likewise those in whom some noble part necessary to life and generation exceedeth the bounds of nature with some great distemperature and lastly those who by any means have their genital parts deformed Magick bands and enchanted knots Here I omit those that are withholden from the act of generation by inchantment magick witching and inchanted knots bands and ligatures for those causes belong not to Physick neither may they be taken away by the remedies of our Art The Doctors of the Canon laws have made mention of those magick bands which may have power in them in the particular title De frigidis maleficiatis impoteatibus incantatis also St. August hath made mention of them Tract 7. in Joan. CHAP. XXXVIII Of the barrenness or unfruitfulness of Women A Woman may become barren or unfruitful through the obstruction of the passage of the seed The cause why the neck of the womb is narrow or throng straitness and narrowness of the neck of the womb comming either through the default of the formative faculty or else afterwards by some mischance as by an abscess scirrhus warts chaps or by an ulcer which being cicatrized doth make the way more narrow so that the yard cannot have free passage thereinto Moreover The membrane called Hymen the membrane called Hymen when it groweth in the midst or in the bottom of the neck of the womb hinders the receiving of the mans seed Also if the womb be over-slippery or more loose or over wide it maketh the woman to be barren so doth the suppression of the menstrual fluxes or the too immoderate flowing of the courses or whites which commeth by the default of the womb or some entrail or of the whole body which consumeth the menstrual matter and carrieth the seed away with it The cold and moist distemperature of the womb extinguishes and suffocates the man's seed The cause of the flux of women and maketh it that it will not stay or cleave unto the womb and stay till it be concocted but the more hot and dry both corrupt for want of nourishment for the seeds that are sown either in a marish or sandy ground cannot prosper well also a mola contained in the womb the falling down of the womb the leanness of the womans body ill humors bred by eating crude and raw fruits or great or overmuch whereof obstructions and crudities follow which hinder her fruitfulness Furthermore by the use of stupefactive things the seminal matter is congealed and restrained and though it flow and be cast out yet it is deprived of the prolifick power and of the lively heat and spirits the orifices or cotyledones of the ve ns and arteries are stopped and so the passage for the menstrual matter into the womb is stopped When the Kâ—ll is so far that it girdeth in the womb narrowly it hindereth the fruitfulness of the woman because it will not permit the mans seed to enter into the womb Moreover the fat and fleshy habit of the man or woman hinder generation For it hindreth them that they cannot join their genital parts together Aph. 36. sect 5. Gal. lib. 14. de usu par cap. 9. Arist in prob sect dester quae 3. 4. and by how much the more blood goeth into fat by so much the less is remaining to be turned into seed and menstrual blood which two are the originals and principals of generation Those women that are speckled in the face somewhat lean and pale because they have their genitals moistened with a saltish sharp and tickling humor are more given to Venery then those that are red and fat Finally Hippocrates sets down four causes only why women are barren and unfruitful The first is because they cannot receive the mans seed by reason of the fault of the neck of the womb the second because when it is received into the womb they cannot conceive it the third is because they cannot nourish it the fourth because they are not able to carry or bear it untill the due and lawful time of birth These things are necessary to generation the object will faculty concourse of the seeds and the remaining or abiding thereof in the womb untill the due and appointed natural time CHAP. XXXIX The signs of a distempered Womb. THat woman is thought to have her womb too hot The signs of a hot womb whose coâ—â—ses come forth sparingly and with pain and exulcerate by reason of their heat the superfluous matter of the blood being dissolved or turned into winde by the power of the heat whereupon that menstrual blood that floweth forth is more gross and black For it is the propriety of heat by digesting the thinner substance to thicken the rest and by adustion to make it more black Furthermore she that hath her genitals itching with the desire of copulation will soon exclude the seed in copulation and she shall feel it more sharp as it goeth through the passages That woman hath too cold a womb whose flowers are either stopped or flow sparingly and those pale and not well colored Those that have less desire of copulation have less delight therein The signs of a cold womb and their seed is more liquid and waterish and not staining a linnen cloth by sticking thereunto and it is sparingly and slowly cast forth That womb is too moist that floweth continually with many liquid excrements The signs of a moist womb which therefore will not hold the seed but presently after copulation suffereth it to fall out which will easily cause abortion The signs of too dry a womb appear in rhe little quantity of the courses in the profusion of a small quantity of seed by the desire of
gums by the comming forth of the teeth The signes of that pain is an unaccustomed burning or heat of the childes mouth The cause of the pain in breeding teeth The signs which may be perceived by the nurse that giveth it suck a swelling of the gumbs and cheeks and the childes being more way-ward and crying then it was wont and it will put its fingers to its mouth and it will â—ub them on its gums as though it were about to scratch and it slavereth much That the Physiaian may remedy this he must cure the nurse as if she had the fever and she must not suffer the childe to suck so often The cure but make him cool and moist when he thirsteth by giving him at certain times syrupus Alexandrinus syrup de limonibus or the syrup of pomgranats with boyled water yet the childe must not hold those things that are actually cold long in his mouth for such by binding the gums do in some sort stay the teeth that are newly comming forth but things that lenifie and mollifie are rather to be used that is to say such things as do by little and little relax the loose flesh of the gums and also asswage the pain Therefore the Nurse shall oftentimes rub the childes gums with her fingers annointed or besmeared with oil of sweet almonds fresh-butter honie sugar mucilage of the seeds of psilium or of the seeds of marsh-mallows extracted in the water of Pellitorie of the wall Some think that the brain of a hare or of a sucking pig roasted or sodden through a secret property are effectual for the same and on the outside shall be applyed a cataplasm of barlie-meal milk oil of roses and the yelks of eggs Also a stick of liquorice shaven and bruised and annointed with honie or any of the forenamed syrups and often rubbed in the mouth or on the gums is likewise profitable What power scratching of the gums hath to asswage the pain of them so is also any toy for the childe to play withall wherein a wolves tooth is set for this by scratching doth asswage the painfull itching raryfie the gums and in some weareth them that the teeth appear the sooner But manie times it happeneth that all these and such like medicines profit nothing at all by reason of the contumacy of the gums by hardness or the weakness of the childes nature therefore in such a case before the fore named mortal accidents come I would perswade the Chirurgian to open â—he gums in such places as the teeth bunch out with a little swelling with a knife or lancet so breaking and opening a way for them notwithstanding that a little flux of blood will follow by the tention of the gums of which kinde of remedy I have with prosperous and happy success made tryal in some of mine own children in the presence of Feureus Altinus and Cortinus Doctors of Physick and Cuillemeau the Kings Chirurgian which is much better and more safe then to do as some nurses do who taught only by the instinct of nature with their nails and scratching break and tear or rent the childrens gums An historie The Duke of Neves had a son of eight moneths old which died of late and when we with the Physicians that were present diligently sought for the cause of his death we could impute it unto nothing else then to the contumacious hardness of the gums which was greater then was convenient for a childe of that age for therefore the teeth could not break forth not make a passage for themselves to come forth of which our judgment this was the trial that when we cut his gums with a knife we found all his teeth appearing as it were in an arraie redie to come forth which if it had been done when he lived doubtless he might have been preserved The end of the twentie fourth Book THE FIVE and TWENTIETH BOOK Of Monsters and Prodigies THE PREFACE WEe call Monsters what things soever are brought forth contrary to the common decree and order of nature What a Monster is What a Prodigie is So we term that infant monstrous which is born with one arm alone or with two heads But we define Prodigies those things which happen contrary to the whole course of nature that is altogether differing and dissenting from nature as if a man should be delivered of a Snakeâ— or a Dog Of the first sort are thought all those in which any of those things which ought and are accustomed to be according to nature is wanting or doth abound is changed worn covered or deformed hurt or not put in his right place for sometimes some are born with more fingers then they should othersome but with one finger some with those parts divided which should be joyned others with those parts joined which should be divided some are born with the privities of both sexes male and female And Aristotle saw a Goat with a horn upon her knee No liveing creature was ever born which wanted the Heart but some have been seen wanting the spleen others with two spleens and some wanting one of the Reins Lib. 4 gen anim cap. 4. And none have been known to have wanted the whole Liver although some have been found that had it not perfect and whole and there have been those which wanted the Gall when by nature they should have had it and besides it hath been seen that the Liver contrary to his natural site hath lien on the left side and the Spleen on the right Some women also have had their privities closed not perforated the membranous obstacle which they call the Hymen hindering And men are sometimes born with their fundaments ears noses and the rest of the passages shut and accounted monstrous nature erring from its intended scope But to conclude those Monsters are thought to portend some ill which are much differing from their nature CHAP. I Of the causes of Monsters and first of those Monsters which appear for the glorie of God and the punishment of mens wickedness THere are reckoned up many causes of Monsters the first whereof is the glorie of God that his immense power may be manifest to those which are ignorant of it by the sending of those things which happen contrary to nature for thus our Saviour Christ answered the Disciples asking whether he or his parents had offended who being born blinde received his sight from him that neither he nor his parents had committed any fault so great but this so happened only that the glorie and majestie of God should be divulged by that miracle and such great works Another cause is that God may either punish mens wickedness or shew signs of punishment at hand because parents sometimes lie and join themselves together without law and measure or luxuriously and beastly or at such times as they ought to forbear by the command of God and the Church such monstrous horrid and unnatural births do happen The
and at the assault the day af er they entered into the City I trepaned eight or nine who were hurt at the breach with the stroaks of stones There was so malignant an air that divers died yea of very small hurts insomuch that some thought they had poysoned their bullets those within said the like by us for althought they were well treated in their necessities within the City yet they died also as well as those without The King of Navar was hurt in the shoulder with a bullet some few daies before the assault I visited and helpt to dress him with his own Surgeon named M. Gilbert one of the chief of Montpeliar and others They could not finde the bullet I searchd for it very exactly I perceived by conjecture that it was entred by the head of the Ad jutorium and that it had ruâ— into the cavity of the said bone which was the cause we could not finde it The most part of them said it was entred and lost within the cavity of the body Monsieur the Pâ—ince of the Roch upon You who intimately loved the King of Navar drew me to one side and askt me if the wound was mortal I told him yea because all wounds made in great joints and principally contused wounds were mortal according to all Authors who had written of them Hâ— inquired of the others what they thought and chiefly of the said Gilbert who told him that he had great hope that the King his Master would be cured and the said Prince was very joyful Four dayes after the King Queen Mother Monsieur the Caldinal of Bourgon his brother Monsieur the Prince of Roch upon You Monsieur de Guise and other great personages after we had dressed the King of Navar caused a consultation to be made in their presences where there were divers Physicians and Surgeons each man said what seemed good unto him and there was not one of them who had not good hope of him saying that the King would be cured and I persisted alwaies on the contrary Monsieur the Prince of the Roch upon You who loved me withdrew me aside and said I was only against the opinion of all the rest and prayed me not to be obstinate against so many worthy men I answered him that when I saw any good signs of cure I would change my advice Divers consultations were made where I never changed my word and prognostick such as I had made at the first dressing and alwaies said that the arm would fall into a Gangrene which it did what diligence sover could be had to the contrary and he gave up his soul to God the eighteenth day of his hurt Monsieur the Prince upon You having heard of the death of the said King sent his Physician and Surgeon toward me named Feure now in ordinary to the King and the Queen-mother to tell me that he would have the bullet taken out and that it should be lookt for in what place soever it could be found then I was very joyful and told them that I was well assured to finde it quickly which I did in their presences and divers Gentlemen It was lodged in the very midst of the cavity of the Adjutory bone My said Prince having it shewed it to the King and Queen who all said my prognostick was found true The body was laid to rest in the Castle-Galliard and I returned to Paris where I found divers hurt men who were hurt at the breach of Rowen and chiefly Italians who desired me very much to dress them which I did willingly there were divers that recovered and others died I beleive my little Master you were called to dress some of them for the great number there was of them The voyage of The battle of Dreux 1592. THe day after the battle was given at Dreux the King commanded me to go dress Monsieur the Count of Eu who had been hurt with a Pistol-shot in the right thigh neer the joint of the hip which fractured and broke the Os femoris in divers places from whence divers accidents did arise and then death which was to my great grief The day after my arrival I would go to the field where the battle was given to see the dead bodies I saw a league about all the earth covered where there was by estimation five and twenty thousand men and more All which were dispatchd in the space of two hours I would my little Master for the love I bear you that you had been there to recount it to your scholars and to your children Now in the mean time while I was at Dreux I visited and drest a great number of Gentlemen and poor souldiers and amongst the rest many Swisser-Captains I dressed fourteen in one chamber only all hurt with Pistol-shot and other instruments of diabolical fire and not one of the fourteen died Monsieur the Count of Eu being dead I made no long tarrying at Dreux there came surgeons from Paris who performed well their duty towards the hurt people as Pigray Cointeret Hubert and others and I returned to Paris where I found divers Gentlemen wounded who had retired themselves thither after the battle to be drest of their hurts The voyage of the Battle of Moncontour 1596. DVring the battle of Moncontour King Charles was at Plessis the Towers where he heard they had won it a great number of hurt Gentlemen and Souldiers withdrew themselves into the City and suburbs of Towers to be drest and helpd where the King and Queen-Mother commanded me to shew my duty with the other Surgeons who were then in quarter as Pigray du Bois Portail and one named Siret a Surgeon of Towers a man very skilful in Surgery and at that time Surgeon to the Kings brother and for the multitude or the wounded we were but little in repose nor the Physicians likewise Count Mansfield Governour of the Duchy of Luxembourg Knight of the King of Spains order was greatly hurt in the battle in the left arm with a Pistol-shot which broak a great part of the joynt of the elbow and had retired himself to Bourgueil neer Towers being there he sent a gentleman to the King affectionately to beseech him to send one of his Surgeons to help him in his hurt Counsel was held what Surgeon should be sent Monsieur the Marshal of Montmorency told the King and Queen that it were best to send his chief Surgeon and declared to him that the said Lord Mansfield was one part of the cause of winning the battle The King said flat he would not that I should go but would have me remain close to him Then the Queen-Mother said I should but go and come and that he must consider it was a strange Lord who was come from the King of Spains side to help and succour him And upon this he permitted me to go provided that I should return quickly After this resolution he sent for me and likewise the Queen-Mother and commanded me to
muscles 83 Cridones what disease and the cure 227 Crocodiles may be tamed 51 Crookedness how helped 568 Crural vein 159. Artery 160 Crureus musculus 165 Crus how taken 158 Crystallinus humor 129 Cubit the bones and muscles thereof 153 Cubit-bones the fractures of them 357 Cuboides os 118 Cupping glasses and their use 442 443. Their use and the cure of a Bubo 551 Cures accidental and strange 33 34. deceitful ibid. Custom how forcible 21 Cuticle the matter quantity figure c. thereof 60 Cuttel-fish his craft 45 Cysticae gemellae 77 D. DArtos 83 Death the inevitable cause thereof 27. How suddain to many 499 Definition of Surgery 1 Definition how dâ—fferent from a description 54 Defluxion of humors how diverted 182 Delirium the causes thereof 237. The cure ibid. Deliverance in childe-birth how furthered 601. Which difficult 602. Which easie ibid. Deltoides musculus 153 Dentifrices their differences matter and form 716 Depilatories Derma 60 Detersives 185 697. their use ibid. Devils and their differences 659. Their titles and names 660. They are terrified and angred by divers things 662 Devil of the Sea 671 Diabete what the causes signs and cure 438 Diaphoretick medicines 109 Diaphragma See Midriff why called Phrenes 98 Diaphysis what 164 Diary fever the causes and signs 185. the cure ibid. Diarthrosis 173 Die-bone 167 Diet hath power to alter or preserve the temperament 19 Diet convenient for such as have the Gout 451. For such as fear the stone 422. In prevention of the Plague 529. In the cure thereof 541 Differences of muscles 65 Digitum flexores musculi 156 157 168 169 Digitum tensores musculi 156 157 168 160 Diploe what 114 Disease the definition and division thereof 30. causes ibid. Diseases strange and monstrous 33 Diseases incident to sanguine cholerick phlegmatick and melancholick persons 11. wherefore some are hereditary 590. supernatural 661. Monstrous accidents in them 666 Dislocations their kindes and manner 348. their differences 349. causes ibid. Signs ibid prognosticks 371. The general cure Symptoms that may befall a dislocated member Dislocation of the jaw 373. The cure 374. ibid. Of the Collar bone ibid. Of the spine 375. Of the head ibid. Of the neck 378. Of the Rump ibid Of the ribs ibid. Of the shoulder ibid. Of the elbow 396. Of the Styliformis processus 397. Of the wrist 398. Of the afterwrist 398. Of the fingers ibid. Of the thigh or hip ibid. Of the whirlbone 394. Of the knee forwards 395. Of the greater and lesser Focile 396. Of the heel ibid. Of the Pastern or ankle-bone 397. Of the instep and back of the foot ibid. Of the toes ibid. Dismembring See Amputation Distemperature and the diversity thereof 28 Distillation and the kindes thereof 725. Fornaces and the vessels therefore 726. What to be considered therein 727. How to prepare the materials therefore 728. How to distill waters 729. How Aqua vitae 730. How to rectifie them ibid. To distil in the Sun ibid. By filtring ibid. Of Oils 732. Of Spirits 733. Of Oils of Gums ibid. Of Oil of Vitriol 735 Docility of Beasts 45 Dogs their love to their masters 40. Their docility 45. Why they become mad sooner then other creatures 504. How their bites may be known ibid. Prognosticks 505. The cure of such as are bitten by them 506 Dorvenium the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 518 Doves free from adultery 40 Draco marinus the sea-Dragon his poysonous puncture the symptoms and cure 515 Dracunculus what 224. The cure ibid. Dragons their craft 45 Dreams of the sanguine cholerick phlegmatick and melancholick persons 11. Not to be neglected 24 Dropsie what 213. The differences Symptoms and causes 214. Signs and Prognosticks ibid. The cure ibid. Following upon a tumor of the mesentery 621 Dugs their substance magnitude c. 95. What to be done to drie up milk 612 Duodenum the magnitude c. 72 Dura mater what 114. The hurts thereof by Trepanning and how helped 265 Remedies for the inflammation and Apostumation thereof ibid. Why it easily endures acrid medicines 289 E. EArs their parts and composure 132. Their wounds and cure 273. To supply their defects 567. Their ulcers 336. Their stoppâ—ng and things falling into them how helped 412 Ears of the heart 101 Ear wax for what use it serves 133 Earth a cold and drye element 3 Earthquakes their cause 293 Ecchomosis what and how cured 243 Echo the cause thereof 133 Effects of Phlegm 9. Of choler and melancholy ibid. Ejaculatory vessels in men 94. In women 89 Elbow the dislocation thereof 386. how to restore it dislocated outwardly 386. To the inside 387. Why most subject to the anchyliosis ibid. Elements how understood and their principal qualities 3. What those of generation are 4. What those of mixt bodies are ibid. The cause of their transmutation 292 Elephants their strength piety c 40. Where bred and their qualities 681 Embalming the dead 748. The manner how 789 Embryon when it takes that name 566 Embrocation what and how performed 711 Emollient and resolving medicines 195 Emplasters what their differences 708. Signs they are perfectly boyled 708. Their use 710. Cautions in their application 191 Emplastrum de Vigo cum Mercurio 708. De gratia Dei ibid. De Bâ—tonica sive de fanua ibid. Oxycrotium 709. De cerusa ibid. Tripharmâ—cum seu nigrum 110. Diacalma seu Diacalcitheos ibid. Contra Rupâ—uriâ—â— ibid. De Mucilaginibus ibid. De nunio ibid. Diachylum magnum ibid. Empyema what 212. The cure thereof ibid. Emptiness 25 Emulgens Arteria 78. Vena 80 Enarâ—hrosis a kinde of Articulation 172 Enterocele a kinde of Rupture 216 Ephemera febris 185. The causes and signs thereof ibid The cure ibid. Epidermis 60 Epidydemis 83 Epigastrium what 59. The conteining parts thereof ibid. Epigastrica vena 81 Epiglottis what 15 Epiploon what 69 Epiâ—lois vena 78 Epiplocele 216 Epithemes to strengthen the principal parts 691. their composition and use 711 Epomis musculus 153 Epulis what the symptoms and cure 207 Epulotick or skinning medicines their kindes and use 699 Errhines their differences description and use 714 Erysipelas what 187. what tumor referred thereto 180. the differences thereof 180. Prognosticks 238. Their cure ibid. Erythrois tunica 83 Eschar how to hasten the falling away thereof 553. Medicines causing it 700 Escharotticks 700. Why used to spread ulcers 283 Estridg between a bird and a beast 778. The sceleton of one ibid. Evacuation and the kindes thereof 25. What to be observed therein 26 Eunuches assimilated to women 11 Excrements of the fi st second and third concoction what 598 Exercise the use and best time for it 23. The quality thereof ibid. Exomphalos or standing forth of the navel 216 Exostosis in Lue Venerea 478 Experience without reason of what account 30 Eye brows 142 Eye-lids ibid. To stay them being too lax 402. To open them fastned together 404. To help their itching ibid. Eyes their sight and quickneâ—s 127. Figure composure
ibid. table of them 32. observable in wounds by gun-shot 301 Infant what he must take before he suck 605. their crying what it doth 609. how to be preserved in the womb when the mother is dead 616. See Childe Inflammation of the almonds of the throat and their cure 208 of the Uvula 209. of the eyes 405 Inflammation hinders the reposition or putting dislocated members into joint 396 Insessus what their manner matter and use 718 Instruments used in Surgery for opening abscesses 185 A vent for the womb 201 638 An iron-plate and actual cautery for the cure of the Ranula 208 Constrictory rings to binde the Columella 209 Speculum oris ibid. 235 A trunk with cautery to cauterize the Uvula 210 An incision-knife 211 An actual cautery with the plate for the cure of the Empyema 212. of a pipe to evacuate the water in the Dropsie 215. wherewith to make the golden ligatute 219. to stitch up wounds 232 A razor or incision-knife 241. a chizzel 242 Radulae vel scalpâ—ri 243. a three-footed levatory 244. other levatories 245. Saws to divide the skull 244. a desquamatory Trepan 245. Rostra psittaci 246. Scrapers pincers and a leaden mallet ibid. A piercer to enter a Trepan 295. Trepans ibid. Terebellum 206. A lentil-like Scraper ibid. cutting compasses 261. A conduit pipe and syringe 262. to depress the dura Mater 265. Speculum oculi 268. for making a Seton 270. Pipes used in the wounds of the chest 277. to draw out bullets 296. c. Dilaters and Probes to draw through flammulas 297 298. to draw forth arrow-heads 310. A scarificator 313. A dismembering knife and saw 322. A dilater to open the mouth 326. A puoulcos or matter drawer 336. A Glossocomium 359. A lattin case 365. A pully and hand-vice 372 373. the Glossocomium called Ambi 384. little hooks needles and an incision-knife to take away the Web 407. files for filing the teeth 415. for cleansing and drawing the teeth 416. cutting mullets to take off superflous fingers 418. Catheters 402. Gimblet to break the stone in the passage of the yard 425. other instruments to take out the stone ibid. used in cutting for the stone 426. and 432. A lancet and cupping-glasses 442. Horns to be used for ventoses 443. Catheters to wear away caruncles 476. Trepans for rotten bones 479. actual cauteries 480. Griffins tallons 620. Hooks to draw forth the childe 611. Speculum matricis 639 Instruments when necessary in restoring broken bones 350 351 Intercarta laginei musculi 146 Intercostalis arteria 78 107 Intercostales musculi externi 129. Interni ibid. Interosses musculi 158 169 Intestinalis vena 76 Intromoventes musculi 163 Joy and the effects thereof 26 Joints their wounds 284. how to strengthen them 452. how to mitigate their pains caused only by distemper 457 Ischiadica vena 159. Ischium os 161 Issues or fontanels 450 Itching of the womb 640 Judgment why difficult 742 Junks what 347. their use ibid. K KAll its substance c. 70. what to be done when it falls out in wounds 281 Kernels of the ears 132 Kibes where bred 168 Kidnies their substance c. 62. signs that they are wounded 280 Ulcers and their cure 337 437. their heat how tempered 549 Kings-evil what the cause 195. the cure ibid. Knee dislocated forward how to restore it 395 L LAgophthalmia what 268. the causes and cure 402 403 Lameness how helped 589 Lampry their care of their young 42 Lampron their poysonous bite 515 Larinx what meant thereby 136. its magnitude figure composure c. ibid. Latissimus musculus 147 Leeches see Horse-leeches Leg taken in general what 158. the bone thereof 164. the wounds 282. the fracture and cure 363. the cure of the Autors leg being broken 363 364. their crookedness how helped 588. defect supplied 587 588 Leprosie and the causes thereof 493 494. the signs 494. c. why called Morbus leoninus ibid. the Prognosticks diet cure 496. it sometimes followes the Lues Venerea 462 Lepus Marinus the poyson the symptoms and cure 516 Levator musculus 147. Levatores Ani. 74 Life what and its effects 596. See Soul Ligaments their use 65. why without sence 138. their difference 139. their wounds 286 Ligatures for wounds are of three sorts 2 1. too hard hurtful 265. they must be neatly made 344. for what uses they chiefly serve 346. in use at this day for fractures 360. 〈◊〉 in fracâ—â—â—s joyned with wounds 363. which for extenâ—â—â—n 372. See Bandages Lightning the wonderful nature and the stinking smell thereof 292. how it may infect the Air. 501 Lime unquencht the hurtful quality and cure 521 Liniments are not to be used in wounds of the chest 276. their matter form and use 751 Lion his provident care in going 42 Lion of the Sea 670 Lippitudo 404 Litharge its poysonous quality and cure 541 Liver what 15. its substance ibid. signs of the wounds thereof 280. why it is called parenchyma 595 Loins their nerves 160 Longus musculus 154 164 Lues Vene â—e a what 462. the hurt it causeth ibid. the caufes thereof ibid. in what humor the malignity resideth 463. it causes more pain in the night then in the day ibid. sometimes lies long hid 464 signs thereof ibid. prognosticks ibid. how to be oppugned 465. to whom wine may be allowed 467. the second manner of cure ibid. the third manner of cure 470. the fomrth manner 471 how to cure its symptoms ibid. it causes bunches on the bones 478. rotten bones how perceived and cured ibid. tetters chops occasioned thereby and their cure 483 how to cure children of this disease 484. it kills by excess of moisture 500 Lumbaris regio sive lumbi 65. Arteria 85. Vena 80 Lumbrici musculi 158 169 Lungs their substance c. 99. signs of their wounds 174. which curable 277 Lupiae what their causes and cure 293 294 Luxation 369. which incurable 370 Lying in bed how it must be 24 M MAd dog See Dog Magick and the power therereof 661 Magistrates office in time of the Plague 534 Males of what seed generated 59 Malleolus one of the bones of the auditory passage 113. 133 Mammiliary processes 116. their use 119 Mammaria arteria 107 Man his excellency 49. c. the division of his body 56. why distinguished into male and female 591 Mandrag its danger and cure 518 Marrow why it may seem to have the sense of feeling 367 Masseter muscle 132 Mastoideus musculus 142 Masticatories their form and use 715 Matrix See Womb. Medow-saffron the poysonous quality thereof and cure 518 Meat the quantity and quality thereof 21. accustomed more grateful and nourishing ibid. order to be observed in eating 22. the time ibid. fit to generate a Callus 367 Meazles what their matter 485. why they itch not ibid. their cure 486 Mediastinum its substance c. 199 Medicines their excellency 688. their definition and difference in matter and substance ibid. in qualities and of their first
the him of this disease Sixthly for that the ulcers which over-spread the body by reason of this disease admit of no cure unless you cause sweats Therefore if the matter of the disease and such ulcers as accompany it were hot and dry it would grow worse and be rather increased by a decoction of Guaicum the roots of China or sarsaparilla Seventhly because oftimes this disease The disease sometimes lies long hid in the body before it shew it self the seed thereof being taken or drawn into the body so lieth hid for the space of a year that it shews no sign thereof which happens not in diseases proceeding from an hot matter which causeth quick and violent motions By this it appeareth that the basis and foundation of the Lues venerea is placed or seated in a phlegmatick humor yet may not deny but that other humors confused therewith may be also in fault and defiled with the like contagion For there are scarce any tumors which proceed from a simple humor and that of one kinde but as in tumors so here the denomination is to be taken from that humor which carryeth the chief sway CHAP. IV. Of the signs of the Lues Venerea WHen the Lues Venerea is lately taken malign ulcers appear in the privities swellings in the groins a virulent strangury runneth oft-times with filthy sanies which proceeds either from the prostatae or the ulcers of the urethra the patient is troubled with pains in his joints head and shoulders and as it were breakings of his arms legs and all his members they are weary without a cause so that neither the foot nor hand can easily perform his duty their mouths are inflamed a swelling troubles their throats which takes away their freedom of speaking and swallowing yea of their very spittle pustles rise over all their bodies but chiefly certain garlands of them engirt their temples and heads the shedding or loss of the hair disgraceth the head and chin and leanness deformeth the rest of the body yet all of these use not to appear in all bodies The most certain signs of the Lues venerea but some of them in some But the most certain signs of this disease are a callous ulcer in the privities hard and ill conditioned and this same is judged to have the same force in a prognostick if after it be cicatrized it retain the same callous hardness the Buboes or swellings in the groins to return back into the body without coming to suppuration or other manifest cause these two signs if they concur in the same patient you may judg or foretel that the Lues venerea is either present or at hand yet this disease happeneth to many without the concourse of these two signs which also bewraieth it self by other manifest signs as ulcers and pustles in the rest of the body rebellious against medicines though powerful and discreetly applyed unless the whole body be anointed with Argentum vivum But when as the disease becometh inveterate many become impotent to venery and the malignity and number of the symptoms encrease their pains remain fixed and stable very hard and knotted tophi grow upon the bones and oft-times they become rotten and foul as also the hands and feet by the corruption of salt phlegm are troubled with chops or clefts and their heads are seized upon by an ophiasis and alopecia whitish tumors with roots deep fastned in arise in sundry parts of the body filled with a matter like the meat of a chesnut or like a tendon if they be opened they degenerate into diverse ulcers as putrid eating and other such Two other causes of the excess of pain in the night according to the nature and condition of the affected bodies But why the pains are more grievous on the night season this may be added to the true reason we rendred in the precedent Chapter first for that the venerous virulency lying as it were asleep is stirred up and enraged by the warmness of the bed and coverings thereof Secondly by reason of the patients thoughts which on the night season are wholly turned and fixed upon the only object of pain CHAP. V. Of Prognosticks The signs of a cureable Lues venerea IF the disease be lately taken associated by a few symptoms as with some small number of pustles and little and wandring pains and the body besides be young and in good case and the constitution of the season be good and favourable as the Spring then the cure is easie and may be happily performed But on the contrary that which is inveterate and enraged by the fellowship of many and malign symptoms as a fixed pain of the head knots and rottenness of the bones ill-natured ulcers in a body very much fallen away and weak and whereof the cure hath been already sundry times undertaken by Empericks but in vain or else by learned Physicians but to whose remedies approved by reason and experience the malignity of the disease and the rebellious virulency hath refused to yield is to be thought incureable especially if to these so many evills The signs of an incureable one this be added that the patient be almost wasted with a consumption and hectique leannesse by reason of the decay of the native moisture Wherefore you must only attempt such by a palliative cure yet be wary here in making your prognostick for many have been accounted in a desperate case who have recovered for by the benefit of God and nature wonders oftimes happen in diseases Young men who are of a rare or lax habit of body are more subject to this disease then such as are of a contrary habit and complexion For as not all who are conversant with such as have the Plague or live in a pestilent air are alike affected so neither all who lie or accompany with such as have the Lues Venerea are alike infected or tainted The pains of such as have this disease How these pains differ from those of the gout are far different from the pains of the Gout For those of the Gout return and torment by certain periods and fits but the other are continual and almost alwaies like themselves Gouty pains possess the joints and in these condense a plaster-like matter into knots but those of the Pox are rather fastned in the midst of the bones and at length dissolve them by rottenness and putrefaction Venerious ulcers which are upon the yard are hard to cure but if being healed they shall remain hard and callous they are signs of the disease lying hid in the body Generally The Lues venerea becomes more gentle then formerly it was the Lues venerea which now reigneth is far more milde and easie to be cured then that which was in former times when as it first began amongst us besides each day it semeth to be milder then other Astrologers think the cause hereof to be this for that the celestial innfluences which first
brought in this disease in success of time by the contrary revolutions of the Stars lose their power and become weak so that it may seem somwhat likely that at length after some few years it may wholly cease no otherwise then the disease termed Mentagra which was very like this in many symptoms and troubled many of the Romans in the reign of Tiberius and the Lichen which in the time of Claudius who succeeded Tiberius vexed not only Italy but all Europe besides Yet Physicians had rather take to themselves the glory of this less rageing disease and to refer it to the many and wholsom means which have been invented used and opposed thereto by the most happy labors of noble wits CHAP. VI. How many and what means there are to oppugn thir disease MAny sorts of remedies have been found out by many to oppugn and overcome this disease Why the decoction of Guaicum is not sufficient to impugn the disease Yet at this day there are only fouâ— which are principally used The first is by a decoction of Guaicum the second by unction the third by emplasters and the fourth by fumigation all of them by Hydrargyrum the first excepted Yet that is not sufficiently strong and powerfull for experience hath taught that the decoction of Guaicum hath not sufficient strength to extinguish the venom of the venerous virulency but only to give it ease for a time for because it heats attenuates provokes sweat and urine wasts the excrementitious humors by drying them it seemeth to cure the disease for that thereupon for some time the pain and all other symptoms seem more remiss but these endeavors are weak and deceitful as whereby that only which is more subtle in the humors in fault is exhausted and dispersed by sweat But Hydrargyrum is a certain higher power contains therein all the power of Guaicum Hydrargyrum is sufficient to overcome the disease yet much more excellent and efficacious for besides that it heats attenuates cuts resolves and dries it provokes sweat and urine and besides it expels noxious humors upwards and downwards by the mouth and stool By which evacuations not only the more subtle but also the more gross and feculent excrements wherein the seat of this disease is properly fixed are dispersed and evacuated by which the Physician may be bold to assure himself of certain victory over the disease But after the use of the decoction of Guaicum fresh pains knots arise by the reliques of the more gross and viscous humors left in the cavities of the entrails but Hydrargyrum leaves no reliques behind it CHAP. VII How to make choice of the wood Guaicum THat is preferred before the rest which is of a great log of a duskie color new gummy with a fresh strong smell an acrid and somewhat biteing taste The faculty the bark cleaving very close to the wood It hath a faculty to heat rarifie attenuate attract to cause sweat and move urine and besides by a specifick property to weaken the virulency of the Lues Venerea There are three substances taken notice of in this wood the first is the bark the other is a whitish wood which is next to the bark the third is the heart of the wood that is the inner blackish The parts and more duskie part thereof The bark is more dry wherefore you shall use it when as you would dry more powerfully the middle substance is more moist because it is more succulent and fat that which lieth between both is of a mild temper The hot and fiery faculty of the bark Wherefore the two last are more convenient for delicate natures and rare bodies which require less drying Furthermore the bark must be given to dense and strong natures that by the more fiery force thereof the humors may be made more fluid and the passages of the body more passable But I would here be understood to mean such bark as is not putrid and rotten with age to which fault it is very subject for that long before it be shipped by our people the wood lieth in heaps upon the shore in the open air untill they can finde chapmen for it which when it is brought aboard it is stowed in the hold or bottom of the ship where beneath by the sea through the chinks of the boards and above by the mariners it usually gathereth much diet When it is brought hither to us it is bought and sold by weight wherefore that it may keep the weight the Druggists lay it up in vaults and cellers under ground where the surface thereof bedewed with much moisture can scarce escape mouldiness and rottenness Wherefore I do not like to give the decoction either of the bark or wood which is next thereto to sick people CHAP. VIII Of the preparation of the decoction of Guaicum FIrst you must have your Guaicum shaved into small pieces and to every pound of the shaveings The proportion of the Guaicum to the water add of fair water eight ten or twelve pints more or less as the nature of the party and condition of the disease shall seem to require according to the rule of the formerly mentioned indications Let the water be hot or warm especially if it be in Winter that so it may the more easily and throughly enter into the body of the wood and draw into it self the faculties thereof in the space of twenty four hours Why the decoction ought to be performed with a day heat wherein it is macerated then boil it in balneo to avoid empyreuma or taste of fire which it will contract by boiling it over a hot fire Yet some nothing regard this but think the patient sufficiently served if they make a decoction in an earthen-pot well glazed over a gentle fire so that no part of the liquor may run over the mouth of the vessel for that thus so much of the strength of the decoction might vanish a way Howsoever it be made let it be boiled to the consumption of half a third or fourth part as the nature of the patient and disease shall seem to require There be some who mix divers simples therewith which have an occult and proper sympathy with that part of the body which is principally hurt by the disease which at the least may serve instead of a vehicle to carry the faculties of the decoction thither where the disease most reigneth Others add thereto purgeing medicines Whether in be fit to add purges to a decoction of Guaicum whose judgment I cannot approve of for that I think it is not for the patients good to attempt two evacuations at once that is to expel the humors by sweat by the habit of the body and by purging by the belly for that as much urine so also much sweat shews little evacuation by stool For these two motions are contrary which nature cannot brook at once For purging draws from the Circumference to the Center but
psilium-seeds quince-seeds and other things as are usually given in a Dysentery or bloody flux that such things may hinder the adhesion of the poyson to the coats of the Guts and by their unctuousness retund the acrimony of the poyson and mitigate it any thing shall already be ulcerated absolutely defend the found parts from the malign effects of the poyson But let this be a perpetual Rule That the poyson be speedily drawn back by the same way it entered into the body as if it entered by smelling in at the nostrils let it be drawn back by sneezing if by the mouth into the stomach let it be excluded by vomit if by the fundament into the belly then by glyster if by the privities into the womb then by metrenchites or injections made thereinto if by a bite sting or wound let revulsion be made by such things as have a powerful attractive faculty for thus we make diversions that by these we may not only hinder the poyson from assailing the heart but also that by this means we may draw it from within outwards Wherefore strong ligatures cast about the armes thighs and legs are good in this case Also large cupping glasses applied with flame to sundry parts of the body are good Also baths of warme water with a decoction of such things as resist poyson southern-wood calamint rue betony horehound penny-royal bayes scordium smallage scabious mints valerian and the like are good in this case Also sweats are good being provoked so much as the strength of the patient can endure But if he be very wealthie whom we suspect poysoned it will be safer to put him into the belly of an Ox Horse or Mule and then presently into another assoon as the former is colde that so the poyson may be drawn forth by the gentle and vaporous heat of the new killed beast yet do none of these things without the advice of a Physician if it may conveniently be had CHAP. VII How the corrupt or venemous Air may kill a Man THE air is infected and corrupted by the admixture of malign vapors By how many and what means the air may be infected either arising from the unburied bodies of such as are slain in great conflicts or exhaling out of the earth after earth-quakes for the air long pent up in the cavities and bowels of the earth and deprived of the freedom and commerce of the open air is corrupted and acquires a malign quality which it presently transferreth unto such as meet therewith How thunders and lightnings may infect the air Also there is a certain malignity of the air which accompanieth thunders and lightnings which savors of a sulphureous virulency so that whatsoever wilde beasts shall devour the creatures killed therewith they become mad and die immediately for the fire of lightning hath a far more rapid subtil and greater force then other fires so that it may rightly be termed a Fire of Fires An argument hereof is that it melteth the head of a spear not harming the wood and silver and gold not hurting the purse wherein it is contained Also the air is infected by fumigations which presently admitted into the body and bowels by the mouth and nose in respiration by the skin and arteries in perspiration doth easily kill the spirits and humors being first infected and then within a short space after the solid substance of the principal parts and chiefly of the heart being turned into their nature unless the man be first provided for by sneezing vomiting sweating purgeing by the belly or some other excretion Whether the vapor that ar seth from a burnt thing may poyson one For that poyson which is carried into the body by smell is the most rapid and effectuall by so much as a vapor or exhalation is of more subtil and quicklyer-pierceing essence then an humor Yet notwithstanding wilt thou say it is not credible that any be killed by any vapor raised by the force of fire as of a torch or warming-pan for that the venenate quality of the thing that is burnt is dissipated and consumed by thr force of the fire purging and cleansing all things This reason is falsly feigned to the destruction of the lives of careless people for sulphureous brands kindled at a clear fire do notwithstanding cast forth a sulpherous vapot Whether do not Lignum aloes and juniper when they are burnt in a flame smell less sweetly Pope Clement the seventh of that name the unkle of our Kings mother An history was poysoned by the fume of a poysonous torch that was carried lighted before him and died thereof Mathiolus telleth that there were two Mountebanks in the market-place of Sienna the one of which but smelling to a poisoned gillie-flower given him by the other fell down dead presently A certain man not long ago when he had put to his nose and smelled a little unto a pomander which was secretly poysoned was presently taken with a Vertigo and all his face swelled and unless that he had gotten speedy help by sternutatories and other means he had died shortly after of the same kinde of death that Pope Clement did The safest preservative against such poysons is not to smell to them moreover some affirm that there are prepared some poysons of such force that being annointed but on the saddle they will kill the rider and others that if you but annoint the stirrups therewith they will send so deadly poysonous a quality into the rider through his boots that he shall die thereof within a short time after which things though they be scarce credible because such poysons touch not the naked skin yet have they an example in nature whereby they may defend themselves For the Torpedo sends a narcotick and certainly deadly force into the arm and so into the body of the fisher the cords of the net being between them CHAP. VIII That every kinde of poyson hath its proper and peculiar Signs and Effects AS poysons are distinct in species so each species differs in their signs and effects neither is it possible to find any one kind of poyson which may be accompanied or produce all the signs and effects of all poysons otherwise Physicians should in vain have written of the signs and effects of each of them as also of their proper remedies and attidotes For what kinde of poison shall that be which shall cause a burning heat in the stomach belly liver bladder and kidneys which shall cause a hicketting which shall cause the whole body to tremble and shake which shall take away the voice and speech which shall cause convulsions shall weaken the pulsifick faculty which shall intercept the freedome of breathing which shall stupifie and cast into a dead sleep which shall together and at once cause a Vertigo in the head dimness in the sight a strangling or stoppage of the breath thirst bleeding fever stoppage of the urine perpetual vomitting redness lividness and paleness of the
face resolutions of the powers and many other things Hot poisons kill sooner then cold all which are caused hy all sorts of poison Lastly no body will deny but that hot poisons may kill more speedily then cold for that they are more speedily actuated by the native heat CHAP. IX The Effects of poisons from particular venemous things and what Prognosticks may thence be made IT is the opinion of Cornelius Celsus and almost of all the Antients that the bite of every beast hath some virulency but yet some more then other-some They are most virulent that are inflicted by venemous beasts Asps Vipers Watersnakes and all kinds of Serpents Basilisks Lib. 2. cap. 27. The bites of all wilde beasts are virulent Dragons Toads mad Dogs Scorpions Spiders Bees Wasps and the like They are less malign which are of creatures wanting venom as of Horses Apes Cats Dogs not mad and many other things which though of their own nature they are without poison yet in their bites there is something more dolorifick and ill natured then in common wounds inflicted by other occasions I believe that in their slaver or sanies there is something I know not how to term it contrary to our nature The bites of a red-haired man virulent which imprints a malign quality in the ulcer which also you may observe in the tearings and scratchings of such creatures as have sharp claws as Lions and Cats Moreover many affirm that they have found by experience that the bites of men are not altogether without virulency especially of such as are red-haired and freckled chiefly when as they are angred it is probable that the bites of other persons want this malignity seeing that their spittle will cure small ulcerations Wherefore if there shall happen difficultie of cure in a wound caused by a mans biteing which is neither red haired nor freckled neither angry this happens not by means of the spittle nor by any malign quality but by reason of the contusion caused by the bluntness of the teeth not cutting but bruising the part for being not sharp they cannot so easily enter the flesh unless by bruising and tearing after the manner of heavy and blunt strokes and weapons wounds being occasioned by such are more hard to be cured then such as are made by cutting and sharp weapons Contuled wounds harder to heal then such as are cut But of the fore-said bitings of venemous creatures there are few which do not kill in a short space and almost in a moment but principally if the poison be sent into the body by a live creature for in such poison there is much heat also there is therein a greater tenuity which serves as vehicles thereto into what place or part soever of the body they tend the which the poysons taken from dead creatures are defective of Wherefore some of these kill a man in the space of an hour as the poison Asps Basilisks and Toads others not unless in two or three dayes space as of water-Snakes a Spider and Scorpion require more time to kill yet all of them admitted but in the least quantity do in a short space cause great and deadly mutations in the body as if they had breathed in a pestiferous air and with the like violence taint and change in their own nature all the members and bowels by which these same members do in the time of perfect health change laudable meats into their nature and substance The place whereas these poisonous creatures live and the time conduce to the perniciousness of the poyson for such as live in drie mountains and sun-burnt places kill more speedily then such as be in moist and marish grounds also they are more hurtful in winter then in summer and the poyson is more deadly which proceeds from hungry angry and fasting creatures then that which comes from such as are full and quiet as also that which proceeds from young things chiefly when as they are stimulated to venery is more powerful then that which comes from old and decrepit from females worse then from males from such as hve fed upon other venomous things rather then from such as have abstained from them as from snakes which have devoured toads vipers which have fed upon scorpions spiders and Caterpillers Yet the reason of the efficacy of poisons depends from their proper that is their subtil or gross consistence and the greater or less aptness of the affected body to suffer For hot men that have larger and more open veins and arteries yield the poison freer passage to the heart Therefore they which have more cold and strait vessels are longer ete they die of the like poison such as are full are not so soon harmed as those that are fasting for meats besides that by filling the vessels they give not the poison so free passage they also strengthen the heart by the multiplication of spirits so that it more powerfully resists pernicious venom If the poyson work by an occult and specifick property it causeth the cure and prognostick to be diffcult and then must we have recourse to Antidotes Why treacle retunds the force of all simple poysons as these which have their whole substance resist poysons but principally to treacle because there enter into the composition thereof medicines which are hot cold moist and dry whence it is that it retunds and withstands all poysons chiefly such as consist of a simple nature such as these which come from venemous creatures plants and minerals and which are not prepared by the detestable art of empoisoners CHAP. X. What cure must be used to the biteings and stingings of venomous beasts CUre must speedily be used without any delay to the bites and stingings of venemous beasts which may by all means disperse the poyson and keep it from entring into the body for when the principal parts are possessed it boots nothing to use medicines afterwards Therefore the Antients have propounded a double indication to lead us to the finding out of medicines in such a case to wit the evacuation of the virulent and venenate humor and the chang or alteration of the same and the affected body But seeing evacuation is of two sorts to wit universal which is by the inner parts and particular which is by the outward parts Wee must begin at the particular by such to pick medicines as are fit to draw out and retund the venom A double indication in the cure of venemous bites for we must not alwaies begin a cure with generall things as some think especially in external diseases as wounds fractures dislocations venomous bites and punctures Wherefore hereto as speedily as you may you shall apply remedies fit for the bites and punctures of venomous beasts as for example the wounds shall be presently washed with urine with sea-water aqua vitae or wine or vinegar wherein old treacle or mustard shall be dissolved Lotions fit for venemous bites Let such washing be