their thoughts are working and hearkning after action do commonly imploy them in some service far from home that there they may both vent their Anger and employ their Courage For let them stay at home to confirm their practises and grow at last into a Faction the State will suffer in it if it be not ruined We cannot have a fairer instance of this truth than the proceeding of our fift Henry and of the times next following Whose forein Wars kept us all quiet here at home wasted those humours and consumed those fiery spirits which afterwards the wars being ended inflamed the Kingdom 29 But his main work was to content the Souldiers and to make them sure Some of which he dispersed as before I sayd all about Italy in 〈◊〉 Colonies as well for the defence of the Countrey as for their more speedy reassembly if need should require Abroad amongst the Provinces were maintained upon the common charge 23 Legions with their ayds besides 10000 of his Guard and those which were appointed for the bridling and safety of the City As to all of them he shewed an excellent thankfulness for their faithfull services So in particular to Agrippa and to one other whose name the Histories of that Age have not remembred This latter had valiantly behaved himself at the battell of Actium and being summoned to appear before the Lords of the Senate in a matter which concerned his life cryed to AUGUSTUS for succour who assigned him an Advocate The poor fellow not contented with this favour baring his breast and shewing him the marks of many wounds These quoth he have I received AUGUSTUS in thy service never supplying my place by a Deputy Which sayd the Emperor descending to the Bar pleaded the Souldiers cause and won it Never did Soveraign Prince or any that command in Chief lose any thing by being bountifull of favours to their men of War For this act quickly spreading it self over all the Provinces did so indeer him to the Military men that they all thought their services well recompensed in that his graciousness to that one man And now were they so far given over to him that the honours conferred on Agrippa could not increase their love well it might their admiration Agrippa was of a mean and common Pareâ—â—age but supplying the defects of his Birth with the perfections of his Mind he became very potent with AUGUSTUS who not only made him Consul but his companion in the Tribunition authority and Provest of the City So many titles were now heaped on him that Mâ—â—nus perswaded the Prince to give him his Daughter Julia to Wife affirming it impossible for Agrippa to live safe considering how open new Creatures ly to the attempts of Malitious men unless he were ingrassed into the Royall stem of the Caesars On which cause questionless for the stronger establishment of his new honours Seâ—amâ— afterward attempted but not with the like success the like matth with Livia Tiberius Daughter-in-Law 30 The Senate People and Men of War thus severally reduced to a Mediocrity of power and â—ontent The next labour is to alter the old and establish a new Government of the City it self To effect which he dashed all former Laws by which the Allies and Confederates of the State were made free Denizens of the Town That he conceived to be a way to draw che whole Empire into one City and by the monstrous growth and increase of that to make poor the rest Therefore this Privilege he communicated unto a few only partly that in the times of dearth the City might not so much feel the want of sustenance and partly that so antient an honour might not be disesteemed but principally left Rome replenished with so huge a multitude of stirring and unruly spirits should grow too headstrong to be governed in due order The greatest and most populous Cities as they are pronest unto faction and sedition so is the danger greatest both in it self and the example if they should revolt This provident course notwithstanding there were in Rome men more than enough and among them not a few malecontents and murmurers at the present state such as contemned the Consuls and hated the Prince To keep these in compass AUGUSTUS it being impossible for him to be still resident at Rome and dangerous to be absent constituted a Provost of the City for the most part chosen out of the Senators assigning him a strength of 6000 men called Milites Urbani or the City-souldiers To him he gave absolute and Royal authority both in the Town and Territory near adjoyning during his own absence To him were appeals brought from the other Magistrates and finally to his Tribunall were referred all causes of importance not in Rome only but the greatest part of Italy Mesalla was the first Provost but proof being had of his insufficiency the charge was committed to Agrippa who did not only setle and confirm the City but did the best he could to free the adjoyning parts of Italy from Theeves and Robbers and stopped the courses of many other troublers of the present State And yet he could not with that power either so speedily or so thorowly reform all those mischiefs which in the late unsetled times were become predominant as he did desire 31 It is recorded that in the Civill wars of Marius and Sylla one Pontius Telesinus of the Marian Faction told his Generall that he did well to scoure the Country but Italy would never want Wolves as long as Rome was so sit a Forrest and so near to retire unto The like might have been spoken to Agrippa That he did well to clear the common Rodes and Passages but Italie would never want Theeves whilst Rome was so good a place of Refuge For though he did as far as humane industry could extend endeavour a generall Reformation both within the City and without yet neither could he remedy nor foresee all mischiefs Still were there many and those great disorders committed in the night season when as no eye but that to which no darkness is an obstacle could discern the Malefactors For in the first Proscription many men used to walk the streets well weaponed pretending only their own safety but indeed it was to make their best advantage of such men as they met either in unfrequented lanes and Passages or travelling as their occasions did direct them in the Night To repress therfore the foul insolencies of these Sword-men AVGVSTVS did ordain a Watch consisting of 7000 Freemen their Captain being a Gentleman of Rome In the day time the Guard of the Town was committed to the Provost and his Citie souldiers These Vigils resting in their standing Camps In the night season one part took their stations in the most suspitious places of the City another in perpetuall motion traversed the streets the rest lying in the Corps du Guarde to relieve their companions By which means he not only remedied the present disorders but preserved the City from
descendents of those Boii a Gallick nation who to avoid the servitude which they feared from Rome put themselves into these Hercynian deserts which from them was called Bolohemum and by which name it occurs in Velleius Paterculus And though the Marcomanni first and the Sclaves and Croatians afterwards became masters of it these last continuing their possession to this very day yet it retaineth still the name of Bohemia amongst the Latines as that of Bohemerland amongst the Dutch Places of most importance in it are 1 Budweis conceived to be the Marobodurum of Ptolemy a town towards Austria 2 Augst neer the head of the Elb. 3 Tabor a strong Town built by Zisca to be a retreat for the Hussites 4 Jaromir and 5 Molmuck both upon the Elb. 6. Littomissell an Episcopall See bordering on Moravia 7 Pilsen the last town of this Kingdome which yeilded to the prevailing Imperialists in the late long war about that Crown and then also betrayed to Count Tilly for a some of money by some of the Souldiers of Count Mansfield who was then absent and had so long defended it against the Enemy 8 Elbogen much esteemed for the hot medicinable Bathes situate on the River Egra 9 Egra so called of the same River off which neer to the borders of the Vpper Palatinate it is strongly situate a large fair City containing three miles in compasse Imperiall once but sold by the Emperour Ludovicus Bavdrus to John King of Bohemia for 400000 marks of Silver in compasse lesse for sweetnesse of the place elegancy of the buildings pleasantnesse of site and richnesse of soil superiour far to Prague it self 10 Prague the Metropolis of the Kingdome situate in the middest thereof on the River Muldaw consisting of four severall Townes each of which hath its severall Customes Lawes and Magistrates The principall is called the Old Town adorned with many goodly buildings a spacious Market-place and a starely Counsell-house the second called the New Town separated from the Old by a Ditch of great depth and widenesse The third called the Little Town is divided from the Old by the River Muldaw joyned to it by a beautifull Bridge consisting of 24 Arches and in this part thereof is the hill Rachine on the sides of which are many fair and stately houses belonging to the Nobility over-looked by the strong Castle of S. Wenceslaus situate on the top thereof a magnificent Palace wherein the Bohemian Kings and the later Emperours have kept their Residence The fourth town is that of the Jewes who have here five Synagogues and live according to their own Law The whole City rather large then fair the streets being in winter very dirty of ill smell in the summer the buildings for the most part of clay and timber clap up together without Art and of little beauty And though incompassed with walls and Ditches it is conceived to be but an open town so poor and weak are the defences insomuch that whosoever is master of the Field will be master of the City also And yet besides the honour of being the Royall Seat it hath also of long time been an Archbishops See and by Charles the fourth Emperour and King of Bohemia made an University Neer unto this town was fought that memorable battell between the Duke of Bavaria and Count Bucquoy Lieutenant for the Emperour Ferdinand the second with 50000 men on the one side and Frederick newly elected King of Bohemia with the Prince of Anhalt the Count of Thurne and 30000 men on the other side It was fought on the eight of November stylo novo wherein such was the unsearchable will of God the victory fell unto the Imperials the young Prince of Anhalt Thurne and Saxon Weimar with divers others being taken prisoner the Bohemian Ordinance all surprised Prague forced to yeeld unto the enemy and King Frederick with the Queen compelled to flie unto Silesia a most lamentable and unfortunate losse not to this people onely but to the whole cause of Reformed Religion yet is it not unworthy of our observation that this great battell was fought upon a Sunday the 8 of November about the time of the morning Prayer in the Gospell appointed for which day being the 23 after Trinity Sunday is that famous passage Reddite CAESARI quae sunt CAESARIS i. e. Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesars which seemed to judge the quarrell on the Emperours side But whether of the two Pretendents had the juster Cause may best be seen by convassing the Records of that State and Nation for the successe of War is no standing Rule for measuring the equity and justice of the causes of it by which it will be clearly seen that since the erecting of this Kingdome by the Sclaves or Croatians it hath been evermore disposed at the will of the Emperour or by election of the States and People But I intend not at the present to dispute that point but only to lay down the story of the Kings and People as in other places since the first coming of the Sclavi A Nation not known by that name till the time of Justinian at what time they inhabited on the banks of the Ister but on the further side thereof opposite to Illyricum and Thrace imperiall Provinces Grown famous by their good successes against that Empire their name was taken up by the rest of the Sarmatians of Europe who either wanting room or not liking of their colder Countries passed on more Westwards and by degrees possessed themselves of those parts of Germany which formerly had been inhabited by the Almans Burgundians and Boiarians but were then either quite forsaken or but ill inhabited by the drawing down of those people to the Roman Provinces which they better liked Divided at or after their coming thus far west into four main bodies that is to say the Winithi possessed of the now Marquisates of Brandenbourg Misnia and Lusatia as also of the Durkedomes of Mecklenburg and Pomerania the Moravians inhabiting in Moravia the Lower Austria and the Vpper Hungary the Poles possessed of Poland and the Dukedome of Silesia and finally the Bohemian Sclaves confined within the limits of that Kingdome onely Under what forme of Government they lived at their first coming hither is not certainly known but being setled in these Countries of Poland and Bohemia it was not long before they were erected into severall Kingdomes occasioned by the coming of a new body of Sclaves Croatians and others of those scattered Nations under the conduct of Zechius a great Prince amongst them who about the yeer 640. together with his brother Leches was banished Croatia for a murther And being very acceptable to the Sclaves of Bohemia who looked upon him as a Prince of their own Original extraction one of the same Language Lawes or Customes that themselves were of they admitted him to be their Chief or supreme Governour by what soever name he was called at first in honour and memory of whom the Bohemians
lâ—qui liceat when as a man might thinke as hee listed of the publick and speak what he thought But whether this be such a Rara temporum felicitas such a felicitie of these our times as Tacitus conceived the other to be of those future times will shew But to return againe to Poland notwithstanding this mixture of Religions yet that most publickly allowed and countenanced is the Religion authorised by the Church of Rome asserted here by the zeal of the Kings unto that cause and the great power of the Bishops who seeing how those of their Order have spâ—d in Germanie and other places under colour of Reformation of some things amisse have hitherto upheld the Ecclesiasticall Estate in the same forme they found it The Government of the Church as formerly by 3 Archbishops and 19 Bishops who challenge a jurisdiction over all the kingdome â—ut exercise it upon those onely who submit unto them those who embrace the Doctrines of Luther or Calvin following the formes of Government by them established as others doe some new ones of their owne devising And for those Provinces and people which lie towards Greece or were parts heretofore of the Russian Empire and still hold a Communion with those Churches they have Archbishops and Bishops of their owne Religion that is to say the Archbishops of Vilne and Lemburg the Bishops of Polozko Luzko Pinsko Volodomire Presmil and Kiovia Yet amongst all these different Churches and formes of Government there is this conformitie that whensoever the Gospell is read openly in the Congregation the Nobility and Gentrie use to draw their swords according to an antient custom which they had among them signifying their readinesse to defend it against all opposers Which reason doubtlesse gave beginning to the standing up at the Creed and Gospell in the primitive times retained still in the Church of England whereby we doe declare how prepared and resolute we are to defend the same though some of late holding it for a Relick of Popery with greater nicety then wisdome have refused to doe it Chief Rivers of this Kingdome are 1 Vistula or Wixel the antient Boundary betwixt Germany and Sarmatia Europaea which rising in the Carpathian Mountaines passeth by Cracovia the chief City of Poland and dividing Prussia from Pomerella falleth into the Baltick sea not far from Dantzick and is navigable for the space of 400 miles of old called Vandalis 2 Warta which runneth through the lesser Poland 3 Duina the lesse watering Livonia and 4 Borysthenes or Nieper passing through Podolia both spoken of before when we were in Russia 5 Niester by Ptolemie called Tyras which falleth into the Euxine Sea having first parted Podolia from Moldavia 6 Jugra by some called the lesser Tanais arising in Lituania and falling into the more noted Tanais which is now called Don. Of lesse note there are 1 Reuben or Reuhon 2 Chronuâ— now called Pregel 3 Bogh said by some to bee the 〈◊〉 of the Antients 4 Minnael 5 Niemen the Maeander of these Northern parts 9 Winde a Livonian river falling into the Baltick Mountains of note here are not many the Countreys for the most part being plain and Champain and those which be are rather boundaries betwixt this and some other Kingdome then proper unto this alone The chief of which are those called Sarmatici dividing Gâ—rmany from Sarmatia Europaea by Solinus named Sevo by Ptolemie the Carpathian Mountains the boundary at this time betwixt Poland and Hungary The common metes and Land-markes being thus laid down we will next take a view of those severall Provinces of which this kingdome doth consist being ten in number that is to say 1 Livonia 2 Samogitia 3 Lituania 4 Prussia 5 Poland specially so called 6 Mollovia 7 Podlassia 8 Russia Nigra 9 Voltinia and 10 Podâ—lia all of them except the proper Poland within Sarmatia Europaea 1 LIVONIA 1 LIVONIA or LIEFLAND is bounded on the East with the Empire of Russia on the West with the Baltick Sea on the North with the Gulf or Bay of Finland on the South with Samogitia and Lituania Extended in length along the shore of the Baltick for the space of 125 Dutch or 500 Italian miles 40 Dutch or 160 Italian miles in breadth and called thus perhaps from the Lenovi a people of Germany inhabiting not far from the River Vistula The countrey for the most part plaine without any mountaines furnished with corn and fruits in so great aboundance that they send part thereof into other countries and yet there is much ground untilled in it by reason of the bogs and marishes which are very frequent Here is also store of wax honey and pitch but they have neither oyl nor wine the want of which last is supplyed by Meth. Of tame beasts fit for mans service they are well provided as also of such whose skins are of more value with the Merchant then their flesh at the market as Ermins Sables Castors others of that kinde besides good store of game for hunting the countrey having in it many large woods parts of the Hercynian And as for Rivers there are few countries which have more watered by the Winde the Beck the Dwine the Ruho all of them falling into the Baltick many great Lakes whereof the chiefe is that of Beybas 45 miles long and full of fish The people are much given to gluttonie and drunkennesse especially in rich mens houses where it is to be had for the paisant lives in want enough meere slaves to their tyrannicall Landlords who spend in riot and excesse what these get by drudgerie And when at any time the poore wretch leaves his Landlord to mend his condition with some other the Lord if he can overtake him will cut off his foot to make sure of him for the future They are a mixture of many Nations as the Fstones which are the naturall Inhabitants derived from the Estii a Dutch people spoken of by Ptolemie of which Nation are almost all the Paisants the Moscovites Swedes Danes Dutch and Polanders intermingled with them comming in upon severall conquest and planting themselves in the best parts of it in which they still Lord it over the Native but the Dutch especially for long time Masters of the whole The Christian Faith was first here planted by Meinardus of Lubeck imployed herein in the time of Frederick the first at the perswasion of some Dutch Merchants who traded hither by the Archbishop of Breme by whom made the first Bishop of the Livonians The Church hereof at this time governed by the Archbishop of Riga the Bishops of Derpt Asâ—lia Oesel Curland and Rivallia in those parts which remaine subject to the Polander where the Religion of the Church of Rome is onely countenanced Such parts of it that are under the Swedes or Danes are for the most part of the Lutheran profession planted with colonies of that people But the Estones or originall Inhabitants as they have a language so they have a Religion
abandoned the title of King only and used that of Prince or Duke 1003 20 Boleslaus III. son of Vladislaus 1140 21 Vladislaus II. son of Boleslaus the third outed by his Brethren and at last estated in Silesia united formerly to Poland from the time of Lechus 1146 22 Boleslaus IV. brother of Vladislaus the second 1174 23 Miecislaus III. brother of Boleslaus and Vladislaus deposed by his brother Casimir 1178 24 Casimir II. brother of the three last Princes 1195 25 Lescus V. son of Casimir the second deposed by Miecislaus the third 1203 26 Vladislaus III. son of Miecislaus the third deposed by Lescus the fift who again seised on the Estate 1243 27 Boleslaus V. surnamed Pudicus 1280 28 Lescus VI. surnamed Niger the adopted son of Boleslaus and his Cousen German once removed after whose death anno 1289. the estate being distracted into many fations was for some time without a Prince setled at last on 1295 29 Primislaus surnamed Postbumus who againe assumed the name of King continued ever since by his successours 1296 30 Vladislaus surnamed Locticus brother of Lescus Niger outed by Wenceslaus King of Bohemia anno 1300. after whose death anno 1306. he resumed the estate 1333 31 Casimir III. surnamed the Great son of Vladislaus the fourth the first establisher of the kingdom after all those troublesd yed without issue 1371 32 Lewis king of Hungary son of Charles King of Hungary by Elizabeth the sister of Casimir 1383 33 Heduigis the youngest daughter of Lewis her elder sister Mary succeeding in the Realm of Hungary chosen Queen of Poland marryed to Jagello Duke of Lituania Christened and called Vladislaus the fift 1386 34 Valdislaus V. Duke of Lituania elected King upon his marriage with Queene Heduigis 1435 35 Vladislaus VI. son of Jagello or Vladislaus the fift by Sephia daughter of the Duke of Kiovia He was King of Hungary also slaine at the battell of Varna by Amurath the second King of the Turkes without issue 1447 36 Casimir IV. brother of Vladislaus first brought the Knights of Prussia under his command Knight of the order of Garter 1493 37 John Albert the second sonne of Casimir his elder Brother Vladislaus being pretermitted on his accepting of the Crowns of Hungarie and Bohemia 1502 38 Alexander the third son of Casimir 1507 39 Sigismund the fourth sonne of Casimir his elder Brethren dying without issue suppressed the Order of the Dutch Knights in Prussia and added part thereof unto his estate 1548 40 Sigismund II. surnamed Augustus the last of the male issue of Jagello 1574 41 Henry Duke of Aniou son of Henry the second French King chosen on the death of Sigismund Augustus the onely Stranger to the bloud in all this Catalogue On the death of his brother Charles the ninth he departed secretly into France where he succeeded by the name of Henry the third 1579 42 Stephen Bathor Vaivod of Transylvania having marryed Anne sister of Sigismund the second is elected King he united Livonia to the Crown and had a great hand upon the Moscovite 1587 43 Sigismund III. son of John King of Swethland and Catharine his wife another of the sisters of Sigismund the second King of Poland and Sweden He valiautly opposed Osman the Great Turke invading his Dominions with an Army 300000. 1633 44 Vladislaus VII eldest son of Sigismund the third after whose death the kingdom was extremely embroyled by factions especially by the mutinous and seditious Cosaques not fully setled by the election of 1648 45 Casimir V. Brother of Vladislaus the seventh now king of Poland anno 1648. The Government of this kingdome is nothing lesse then Monarchicall For though the first Dukes hereof were absolute Princes and ruled after a Despoticall manner having power not onely of the estates of their subjects but of life and death without formalities of Law yet when they once became elective they lost much of that power which decayed so by little and little that at the last the King is counted little better then a Royall shadow Stat magni nominis umbra in the Poets language A diminution which began first in the times of Lewis of Hungarie and Jagello of Lituania who to gaine the succession to the kingdome contrary to Law the one for his daughter the other for his sonne departed with many of their Royalties and Prerogatives to buy the voices of the Nobility Since which time the Nobilitie in all their elections have so limited and restrained the Kings authority and enlarged their own that without their consent in Counsell he may neither make war nor treat of peace nor impose taxes nor alienate any of his Demeanes nor do any thing of importance which concernes the Publick in so much as Boterus a great Statesman doth expressely say that the Government of Poland doth rather seem an Aristoratie then a Monarchie a Common-wealth rather then a Kingdome Besides the King not onely takes a solemn Oath at his Coronation to confirme all the rights and Priviledges which have been granted to the Subject by his Predecessours but addes this clause quod si Sacramentum meum violavero incolae Regni nullam nobis obedientiam praestare tenebuntur that if he violate this Oath his Subjects shall not be obliged to yeeld him any obedience Which as Bodinus well observeth doth rather savour of the condition of a Prince of the Senate then of the Majestie of a King respected accordingly by the great ones who looke not on him as their King but their elder Brother or perhaps not that and reckon his Decrees but of three dayes lasting Which notwithstanding the King once chosen and inthroned hath sole power in many things without consulting with the Senate as viz. in assembling Diets choosing the secular Counsellers disposing absolutely of his Vassals and the Revenues of the Crown to what use he pleaseth being â—ole Judge of the Nobility in Criminall causes which is a strong bridle to raine them in with By which and either uniting himself unto the Clergy or the well-forming of his party amongst the Noâ—â—lity hee may doe many things not allowable in strictnesse of Law the power and influence which he hath in the publick Government being proportionable to the strength of his wit and Brain And here it is to be observed that none but the Clergie and Nobilitie have any suffrage in the election of the King that is to say the 26 Palatines and 60 Chastellans with the four Marshals and some others of the principall Officers of State in behalf of the Nobility and the Archbâ—shops and Bishops in the name of the Clergie but of the Commons none at all Which is the reason why there is so much care taken to preserve the priviledges of the two first Orders without obtaining any immuties for reliefe of the third most miserably oppressed on all sides rather as Bondmen then Tenants in respect of their Lords and not so much subjects as plain slaves in regard of the King whereof somewhat
part of Illyricum and on the South with the Sea Ionian So that it is in a manner a Peninsula or Demy-Island environed on three sides by the Sea on the fourth only united to the rest of Europe But this is only in relation to the present extent hereof the name being anciently restrained within narrower bounds Confined at first to Attica and the parts adjoining ab Isthmi angustiis Hellas incipit as it is in Plinie and took the name of Hellas from Hellen the son of Deucalion as that of Greece or Graecia from Graecus the son of Cecrops the first King of Athens Communicated afterwards to Peloponnesus then to Thessalie also and finally when the Macedonian Empire had inlarged it selfe over the petit Common-wealths and Estates hereof it came to be communicated to that Countrie also The people for this cause known by divers names by some Achivi by others Myrmidones sometimes Pelasgi Danai Argivi c. But the name whereby they are best known in sacred Writers is that of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so called from Hellas the more proper and genuine name of Greece in the strictest notion and acception A name used frequently and familiarly in the Book of God both absolutely to denote this Nation as where it is said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that the Greeks seek wisdome 1 Cor. 1. 22. and relatively as in opposition to the Jews the Barbarians and the Hellenists or Graecizing Jews First with relation to the Jews and then it signifieth the whole bodie of the Gentiles generally of which the Gâ—ecians were the most eminent and famous people as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the Jew first and also to the Gentile Rom. 11. 9 10. Give none offence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 neither to the Jews nor to the Gentiles 1 Cor. 10. 32. and elsewhere frequently In which and all other places of that kinde where the Antiâ—esis lyeth between the Jews and other Nations we are to understand the Gentiles the whole body of them though many times our Translators I know not why render it literally the Greeks as Rom. 1. 16. 10. 12. c. Secondly with reference to all other Nations not so well versed in the learning and 〈◊〉 of that Age as the Grecians were whom by a common name of scorn they called Barbarians according unto that of Strabo Barbarae sunt omnes Nationes praeter Graecos the Romans themselves though then the great Lords of the World being included in the reckoning And so the word is taken Rom. 1. 14. I am a debtour saith S. Paul 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both to the Greeks and the Barbarians to the wise and unwise in which as well the Romans as those of other Nations have the name of Barbarians Last of all for the Graecizing Jews whom the Vulgar Latine calleth Graecos and our English Grecians they were such of the Jews who living dispersed amongst the Gentiles used the translation of the Septuagint making that the Canon both for life and doctrine Which difference betwixt them and the Jews inhabiting in Judaea who kept themselves unto the Scriptures in their mother-tongue and used the Hebrew only in all sacred actions occasioned many jars amongst them which sometimes brake out into to open violence insomuch as R. Eliezer brake into the Synagogue of the Alexandrians at Hierusalem and therein committed many outrages Of this unfriendlinesse between them mention is made Act 6. 1. where it is said that there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews c. In which place though the English and Vulgar Latine use the name of Grecians yet ought they more properly to be rendred Hellenists or Graecizing Jews as in all other places viz. Acts 9. 29. 11. 20. c. where they are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Greek Originals But to proceed to our description of the Country we finde it situate in the Northern temperate Zone under the fift and sixt Climats the longest day being 15 hours inhabited by a people which were once brave men of war sound Scholars addicted to the love of vertue and civill behaviour A Nation once so excellent that their precepts and examples do still remain as approved rules and Tutors to instruct and direct the man that endeavoureth to be vertuous famous for government affectors oâ— freedome every way noble For which vertues in themselves and want of them in other all their neighbours and remote Nations were by them scornfully called Barbarians a name now most fit for the Grecians themselves being an unconstant people dâ—stitute of all learning and the means to obtain it Vmversities uncivill riotous and so lazie that for the most part they endeavour their profit no further then their belly compels them and so perfidious withall in all their dealings especially towards the Western Christians that it is grown into a Proverb amongst the Italians Chi fida in Grego sara in trigo i. e. He that trusts to a Greek is sure to be cousened When they meet at foasts or banquets they drink small draughts at the beginning which by degrees they increase till they come to the height of intemperancie at which point when they are arrived they keep no rule or order whereas before to drink out of ones turn is accounted a point of incivility Hence as I beleeve sprung our by word As merry as a Greek and the Latine word Graecari The women for the most part are brown-complexioned exceedingly well favoured and excessively amorous Painting they use very much to keep themselves in grace with their husbands for when they once grow wrinckled they are put to all the drudgeries of the house Both sexes generally in their habit and outward garb apply themselves to the State under which they live such as are subject to the Turk conforming unto the dresse and fashions of the Turks as those who live under the Venetians do to that of Venice The Christian Faith was first here planted by S. Paul invited by the Spirit to come over into Macedonia Acts 16. 12. passing from thence to Thessalonica the chief Citie of Mygdonia ch 17. 1. from thence to Athens in Achaia v. 16. then unto Corinth the Metropolis of Peloponnesus ch 18. 1. watering the greatest part of Greece with the dew of heaven and planting Bishops in most Churches where he preached the Gospell as Dionysius the Areopagite at Athens Aristarchus at Thessalonica Epaphroditus at Philippi Silas at Corinth and Titus in the Isle of Crete The like he did in many other Countries also accounted members of the Greek Church though not of Greece the name of the Greek Church extending over all the Provinces of the Eastern Empire governed by the 4 Patriarchs 1 Of Alexandria who presided over Egypt and Arabia 2 Of Hierusalem whose Patriarchate erected only in regard of our Saviours passion in that Citie and the great opinion which by that means accrewed unto it confined within the bounds of Palestine 3 Of
of Europe also Where by the way the Nutmeg-tree is like a Peach or Peach-tree the innermost part where of is the Nutmeg it self covered over with a thin film or coat which we call by the Arabian name of Macâ—z or Mace and over that the fruit itself as it is in Peaches Malacotons and such fruits as those The people barbarous and rude slothfull of weak bodies and dull of wit living contusedly together without rule or order Some of them still continue in their antient Paganism but the greatest part are thought to be Mahometans in which Religion very zealous and so devout that they will not go unto their work or wordly businesses till they have visited the Mâ—squits and there done their devotions A shame or Pattern shall I say in this unto many Christians All of them bloody and revengefull but yet so farre from wronging the body of a dead Enemy that they use to bury it with sweet odours Some Towns they have of which the principall 1. Nera and 2. Lontoor joined in a league against the rest the quarrell rising from the cutting down of certain trees proceeding to the butchery of one another and ending in the loss of their common liberty Subject in shew to the King of Botone one of the Moluccoes but too much at their own disposing They had not else entred into quarrels with one another Which opportunity being taken by the watchfull Hollanders they did not only settle four Faatories there but for the security of their trade and to awe the Natives they have built three Forts They had also turned one of their Mesquits to a Fortress Whereat the people were so incensed that they promised liberty to their Slaves to get them out of iâ— who falling desperately on fired it over their heads and killed every man of them The English Merchants have some trading also in these Ilands more acceptable than the other because not so insolent There is not far off another Iland not in this accompt called Timor situate in the tenth degree of Southern Latitude the chief of many little Ilands which lye round about it but not else observable except it be for that abâ—ndance of Sanders both white and yellow which growing there is greedily exchanged by the Inhabiants for Iâ—on Hatchets Swords Knives and the like commodities 4. The MOLVCCOES THe MOLVCCOES are in number many the King of Terenate which is one of them being said to have dominion over 70 Ilands but the determinate number of them I do no where find Situate on both sides of the Aequator and consequently of an hot and intemperate air the soyl so drie and spongious that it sucketh up the greatest shewr of Rain that doth fall amongst them before it can pass into the Sea Not very well furnished with necessaries for the life of man but that defect supplied with the abundance of Spices which are growing here Cinnamon Ginger Nutmegs Mastick Aloes Pepper and the like commodities for which the Merchants bring them all things that the Country wants But t is the Clove which is the great Riches of these Ilands and peculiar in a manner to them A spice which groweth on Trees like Bay-trees yielding blossoms first white then green at which time they yield the pleasantest smell in the world and last of all Red and hard which are the Cloves Of nature so extreme hot that if a Pail of water should only stand in the Room in which they are cleansed and sorted the Cloves in two daies would dry it up Of which nature the unspun silks of China are affirmed to be The people for the most part Idolaters intermixt with some Mahometans dwelling on the shores and of late times with Christians in their severall factories Of severall Originals and different languages but all in generall fraudulent perfidious treacherous inhumane and of noted wickedness Few of them clothed nor much caring to hide their shame Not civilized by the cohabitation of more modest and civill Nations Pitty such ill conditions should be lodged in such handsome bodies the people being said to be better proportioned than the other Indians and for strength and valour not fellowed by any of them Of all the Ilands which pass under this name there are not above five or six of any rekoning that is to say 1. Terenate 2. Tidor 3. Macir 4. Rachian 5. Machian and 6. Botone none of them above six leagues in compass many not so much the whole cluster of them thronged together in a girdle of no more than 25 leagues in the Circumference Some reckon Polerone amongst them a little Iland not far off if not one of the number and well stored with Cloves Frequented first by the English Merchants from them taken by the insolent and ingratefull Hollanders who being to restore it upon composition cut down all the Clove-trees so to deprive the English of the benefit of it Of the rest Reâ—hian and Tidore have their proper Kings So hath Botone also if that be one of them the King whereof had antiently some title and authority over those of Bandan Macir and Machâ—â—n are subject to the King of Ternate who is a Mahometan in Religion and said to be the Lord of 70 Ilands This the most puissant member of this scattered body and for that cause most aimed at by all Competitors the Spaniards having here one Fortress and the Hollanders three both nations hated by the Natives whom they consume and wast in the waâ—es betwixt them but of the two the Spaniard looked on by the people as the more Gentleman the other stomacked and despised for their sordid dealings Nothing else memorable in the story or Chorographie of them but that they were discovered by the conduct of Magellanus in the reign of Charles the fift who employed him in it Anno 1519. And that there is in Ternate a prodigious mountain in height above the clouds of the Air and in nature agreeing with the Element of fire which it seems to mount to huge flames whereof with dreadfull thunders and a dark smoak it sends forth continually 5 The SINDAE or SELEBES Neer the Moluccoes and almost intermingled with them are a set of Ilands which Ptolomy calleth SINDAE and the Moderns SELEBES many in tale but not above four of any weight that is to say 1. SELEBES 2. Gilolo 3. Amboina 4. Macasser of which the two first are situate under the Aequator and the last somewhat on the South of it all of them in the time of Ptolomy inhabited by Anthropophagi and a long time after insomuch as the Kings of the Moluccoes did use to send their condemned persons into these Ilands there to be devoured Which said in generall we will take a more particular view of them as they lie before us 1. SELEBES which gives name to the rest and hath under it many lesser Ilands is large and rich The foil thereof exceeding fertile the people tall and comely and of color not so much black as ruddy
Thebans against the Phocians brought all that Country in a manner under his command The Romans by aiding the Sicilians against the Carthaginians possessed themselves of that flourishing Island by assisting the Hedui against the Sequani mastered France by succouring Androgeus against Cassibelan seised on Britain by siding with the Aetolians against Perseus united to their Empire all the Kingdom of Macedon and by the same course what not In after-ages the Britains called in the Saxons and were by them thâ—st out of all the Irish called in the English by whom they were in process of time totally subdued and the Indians called in the Mogul-Tartars who now Lord it over them These forrein supplies are invited or let into a Country commonly in four cases First when some one man upon discontent or desire of revenge openeth them a way to a Country upon which motives Narses invited the Lombards into Italy and Count Julian brought the Moors into Spain the one to be revenged on the Empresse Sophia who had despitefully reviled him the other to revenge himself on King Rodorick who had ravished his daughter Secondly when a weaker Faction makes way for them to maintain their cause against a stronger On which ground the Duke of Burgundy being oppressed by the faction of Orleans made way for Henry the fifth to passe into France and the Leaguers drew the Spaniards in to hold up their declining cause against Henry the 4th Thirdly when an ambitious Prince makes use of a forrein power to usurp upon the rights of another man And for that cause Ludowick Sforze perswaded Charles the 8. to undertake the Conquest of the Realm of Naples that by the countenance of his Arms he might appropriate to himself the Dukedom of Millain Fourthly when a King overburthened by a forrein or domestick force which he is not able to resist requires the help of a forrein friend in which case Plus à medico quam a morbo mali the Physick proves many times worse then the Disease for thus the Kings of Naples of the house of Aragon being in danger of the French drew in the Aids of Ferdinand the Catholique the Cousin-German once removed of the King then being And the Caliphs of Egypt not able to withstand the forces of Almericus craved aid of the Turks by which meane both those kingdoms were made a prey to their forrein friends and by avoiding Scylla fled into Charybdis Nay many times it so happeneth that these forrein succours joyn in design with those against whom they were called and divide the conquered State between them And so we find that the Burgundians being called by Stilico into Gaul to prevent the breaking in of the Franks or French joyned with them in a common league against the Romans whom they dispossessed at last of all that Country Onely amongst so many examples to this purpose we find the Low-Country-men to have prospered by these forrein aids who by the assistance of the English ransomed themselves from that yoke of bondage which was intended to be put upon them by the King of Spain This I acknowledge to be true and look upon it as a great Argument of the integrity and honesty of the English Nation although it be as true withall that the English never had such an Army there as to be able to subdue them But give me such another instance I will quit the cause for the same Low-Country-men found it otherwise with the Duke of Anjou Brother to Henry the 3. of France whom they created Duke of Brabant and their Governour-Generall permitting him to bring in as many of the French as either his authority or their own monies were able to raise who was no sooner setled in that command but he made it his chief business to seize upon their strongest Holds and to be a more absolute Prince amongst them then ever the Spaniards or Burgundians had been before So that I think I may conclude that these forrein Succours are the last to be tryed and the least to be trusted of any remedies in State But it 's now more then time to return to the Mamalucks and in them to The third Dynastie of the Egyptian Kings or the Race of the Mamalucks A. Ch. 1255. 1 Turquimeneius who being promoted to the kingdom released King Lewis whom Melechsala his predecessor had taken prisoner but performed not half of the conditions agreed upon 2 Clothes by some called Elmutahaz taking advantage of the miseries of the Turks then distressed by the Tartars seised on the greatest part of Syria and Palestine 1260. 3 Bandocader perfected the begunconquests of Clothes and took from the Christians the strong City of Antioch carrying on his Armies as far as Armenia where he did much spoil 4 Melechsait or Melechsares restored the power of the Mamalucks in Syria and Palestine where it had been much impaired by Edward the son of Henry the 3. of England and Henry Duke of Mecklenburgh c. 1289. 5 Elpis or Alphix recovered from the dissenting Christians the strong Cities of Tripolis Berytus Tyre and Sidon all which he razed to the ground that they might not be any more serviceable to the affairs of the Christians 1291. 6 Araphus or Eustrephus by birth a German released Henry Duke of Mecklebourg after he had been prisoner 26 years He rooted the Christians out of Syria took Ptolomais the last Town they there held and so razed it that he made it fit to be ploughed 7 Melechnesar when he was Lieutenant to Arapbus was discomfited by Cassanes a great Prince of the Tartars with the loss of 40000 Egyptians but Cassanes being departed he recovered again all Syria and destroyed Hierusalem for which service he was afterward made Sultan of Egypt 8 Melechadel whom I suppose to be that Sultan that governed Egypt when Tamberlane with unresistable violence conquered it but of this I am not certain neither can I meet with any constant and continued series which I dare relie on of his successors in this kingdom till I come to 9 Melechella or Melechnaser who in the year 1423. subdued the Isle of Cyprus and made the Kings thereof to be from thenceforth Tributaries to the Mamaluck Sultans 1465. 10 Cathbeyus who much reformed the State of Egypt and was a professed enemy of Bajazet 2. the 8 th King of the Ottomans 1498. 11 Mahomet the son of Cathbeyus deposed by the Mamalucks for fear the kingdom might by him be made hereditary it being against their usual custome that the son should succeed his father in the name and privileges of a Mamaluck 1499. 12 Campson Chiarsesius succeeded on the deposing of Mahomet 13 Zanballat who dethroned Campson and not long after was deposed by 1500. 14 Tonombeius outed of his Estate by the joynt-consent of the Mamalucks so to make way for Campson Gaurus 1501. 15 Campson II. sirnamed Gaurus reformed the disordered and factious estate both of Court and Country and for the space of 16 years governed very prosperously But siding
good arts whereby to indeer their Subjects and keep them out of leisure to soment new factions The way of indeerment by the fair and satisfactory distribution of the spoils gotten in the wars whether Lands or Goods all which they divided into three parts allotting the first unto the service of the Gods the second for the maintenance of the King his Court and Nobles the third to the relief of the common people A distribution far more equal then that of Lycurgus or the Lex Agraria of the Romans But when there was no cause of wars they kept the people busted in their Works of Magnificence as building Palaces in every one of the Conquered Provinces which served not only as Forts to assure the Conquest but were employed as Store-houses to lay up Provisions distributed amongst the people in times of dearth But that which was the work as of great trouble so of chiefest use was the cross-wayes they made over all the Country the one upon the Mountains and the other on the Plains extending 500 Leagues in length a work to be preferred before any both of Rome and Aegypt For they were forced to raise the ground in many places to the heighth of the Mountaiâ—â— and lay the Mountains level with the flattest Plains to cut thorow some Rocks and underprop others that were ruinous to make even such wayes as were uneasie and support the Precipices and in the Plains to vanquish so many difficulties as the uncertain foundation of a sandy Country must needs carry with it Kept to these tasks the people had no leisure to think of practises yet well content to undergo them in regard they saw it tended to the Publike Benefit And for the Caciques so they call the Nobility the Inga did not only command them to reside in Cusco to be assured of their persons but caused them to send their Children to be brought up there that they might serve as Hostages for the Fathers Lovalty They ordered also that all such as repaired to Cusco the Imperial City should be attired according to his own Country fashion so to prevent those Leagues and Associations which otherwise without any note or observation might be made amongst them Many such Politike Institutions were by them devised which had little of the Barbarous in them and clearly shewed that there were other Nations which had Eyes in their Heads besides those of China What else concerns the storie of them offereth it self in the following Catalogue of The Kings of Peru. 1. Manga-Capac descended of the chief of the first seven Families the first who laid the foundation of this puissant Monarchie subdued the Cannares and built the City of Cusco 2. Sinchi-Rocha eldest son of Mango subdued a great part of Collao as far as Chancara 3. Loque-Yupanqui the son of Sinchi conquered Chiquito Ayavire the Canus and the Inhabitants about Titicaca the first advancer of the service of Viracocha from whom he did pretend to have many visits 4. Mayta-Capac the son of Yupanqui subdued all the rest of Collao the Province of Chuquiapa and a great part of the Charcas 5. Capac Yupanqui or Yupanqui II. the son of Mayta enlarged his Kingdom Westward unto Mare del Zur 6. Rocha II. or Yncha Rocha eldest son of Yupanqui the second enlarged his Kingdome towards the North by the conquest of the great Province of Antabuyallam and many others 7. Jahuar-Huacac son of Rocha the second added to his Estates by the valour of his brother Mayta all the Southern parts from Arequipa to Tacaman Deposed by the practise of his son 8. Viracocha the son of Huacac having setled and inlarged his Empire raised many great and stately works and amongst others many Aquaeducts of great use but charge For fear of him Hancohualla King of the Chuncas with many thousands of his People forsook their Country 9. Pachacutec-Ynca son of Virachoca improved his Kingdom by the conquest of many Provinces lying towards the Andes and South-Sea with that of Caxamalcu Northwards 10. Yupanqui III. or Yncha Yupanchi son of Pachacutec subdued the Conches and Moxes with some part of Chile 11. Yupanqui IV. or Tapac Ynca Yupanchi son of Yupanqui the third extended his Dominions as far as Quito 12. Huayna Capac or Guaynacapac son of Yupanqui the fourth the most mighty Monarch of Peru conquered the whole Province of Quito and is supposed to be the founder of those two great Roads spoken of before 13. Huascar or Guascar Ynca the eldest son of Guaynacapa after a reign of five years deposed and slain by his Brother 14. Athualpa or Atubaliba the third son Guaynacapa by the daughter and heir of the King of Quito into which Kingdom he succeeded by the will of his Father Commanded by his Brother to do Homage for the Kingdom of Quito he came upon him with such power that he overcame him and so gained the Kingdom Vanquished afterwards by Pizarro at the battle of Caxamalca he was taken Prisoner And though he gave in ransome for his life and liberty an house piled up on all sides with Gold and Silver valued as some say at ten millions of Crowns yet they per fidiously slew him 15. Mango-Capac II. the second son of Guaynacapac 1533 substituted by Pizarro in his â—rothers Throne after many vicissitudes of Fortune was at last slain in the City of Cusco and so the Kingdom of the Ingas began and ended in a Prince of the same name as it had hapned formerly to some other Estates Let us next look â—pon the birth and fortune of that Pizarro who subdued this most potent and slourishing Kingdom and made it a member of the Spanish Empire and we shall find that he was born at Trusiglio a village of Navarr and by the poor whore his mother laid in the Church-porch and so left to Gods providence by whose direction there being none found that would give him the breast he was nourished for certain daies by sucking a Sow At last one Gonsalles a souldier acknowledged him for his son put him to nurse and when he was somewhat grown set him to keep his Swine some of which being strayed the boy durst not for fear return home but betook himself to his heels ran unto Sevil and there shipped himself for America where he attended Alfonso de Dioda in the discovery of the Countries beyond the Golf of Vraba Balboa in his voyage to the South Sea and Pedro de Avila in the conquest of Panama Grown rich by these Adventures he associated himself with Diego de Almagro and Fernando Luques a rich Priest who betwixt them raised 220 souldiers and in the year 1525 went to seck their Fortunes on those Southern Seas which Balboa had before discovered After divers repulses at his landing and some hardship which he had endured Pizarro at the length took some of the Inhabitants of Peru of whom he learnt the wealth of the Country and returning thereupon to Spain obtained the Kings Commission for the
they had reigned here under eight of their Kings for the space of 72 years they were at last subdued by Belisarius and Narses two of the bravest Souldiers that had ever served the Eastern Emperours and Italie united once more to the Empire in the time of Justinian But Narses having governed Italie about 17 years and being after such good service most despightfully used by Sophia never the wiser for her name the wife of the Emperor Justinus abandoned the Country to the Lombards For the Empress envying his glories not only did procure to have him recalled from his Government but sent him word That she would make the Eunuch for such he was come home and spin among her maids To which the discontented man returned this Answer That he would spin her such a Web as neither she nor any of her maids should ever be able to unweave and thereupon he opened the passages of the Country to Alboinus King of the Lombards then possessed of Pannonia who comming into Italie with their Wives and Children possessed themselves of all that Country which antiently was inhabited by the Cisalpine Galls calling it by their own names Longobardia now corruptly Lombardy Nor staid he there but made himself master of the Countries lying on the Adriatick as far as to the borders of Apulia and for the better Government of his new Dominions erected the four famous Dukedoms 1 of Friuli at the entrance of Italie for the admission of more aids if occasion were or the keeping out of new Invaders 2 of Turlu at th foot of the Alpes against the French 3 of Benevent in Abruzzo a Province of the Realm of Naples against the incursions of the Greeks then possessed of Apulia and the other Eastern parts of that Kingdom and 4 of Spoleto in the midst of Italie to suppress the Natives leaving the whole and hopes of more unto his Successors The Lombardian Kings of Italie 1 Alboâ—us 6. 2 Clephes 1 Interregnum annorum 11. 3 Antharis 7. 4 Agilulfus 25. 5 Adoaldus 10. 6 Arioaldus 11. 7 Richaris or Rotharis 8 Radoaldus 5. 9 Aribertns 9. 10 Gundibertus 1. 11 Grimoaldus 9. 12 Garibaldus mens 3. 13 Partarithus 18. 14 Cunibertus 12. 15 Luithertus 1. 16 Rainbertus 1. 17 Aribertus II. 12. 18 Asprandus mens 3. 19 Luit prandus 21. 20 Hildebrandus m. 6. 21 Rachisiâ—s 6. 22 Astulphus 6. 23 Desiderius the last King of the Lombards of whom more anon In the mean time we will look into the story of some of the former Kings in which we find some things deserving our confidetation And first beginning with Alboinus the first of this Catalogue before his comming into Italie he had waged war with Câ—nimundus a King of the Gepida whom he overthrew and made a drinking cup of his Skull Rosumund daughter of this King he took to Wife and being one day merry at Verona forced her to drink out of that detested Cup which she so stomacked that she promised one Helmichild if he would aid her in killing the King to give him both her self and the Kingdom of Lombardy This when he had consented to and performed accordingly they were both so extremely hated for it that they were fain to fly to Ravenna and put themselves into the protection of Longinas the Exarch Who partly out of a desire to enjoy the Lady partly to be possessed of that mass of Treasure which she was sayd to bring with her but principally hoping by her power and party there to raise a beneficiall War against the Lombards perswaded her to dispatch Helmichilde out of the way and take him for her husband to which she willingly agreed Helmichilde comming out of a Bath called for Beer and she gives him a strong poyson half of which when he had drunk and found by the strange operation of it how the matter went he compelled her to drink the rest so both died together 2 Clephes the 2 d King extended the Kingdom of the Lombards to the Gates of Rome but was so tyrannical withall that after his death they resolved to admit of no more Kings distributing the Government among 30 Dukes Which division though it held not above 12 years was the chief cause that the Lombards failed of being the absolute Lords of all Italy For the people having once cast off the yoak of obedience and tasted somewhat of the sweetness of licentious Freedom were never after so reduced to their former duty as to be aiding to their Kings in such Atchievements as tended more unto the greatness of the King than the gain of the subject 3 Cunibert the 14 King was a great lover of the Clergy and by them as lovingly requited For being to encounter with Alachis the Duke of Trent who rebelled against him one of the Clergy knowing that the Kings life was chiefly aimed at by the Rebels put on the Royal Robe and thrust himself into the head of the Enemy where he lost his own life but saved the Kings 4 Aripert the 17. King gave the Celtian lpes containing Piemont and some part of the Dutchy of Millain to the Church of Rome which is observed to be the first Temporall Estate that ever was conferred upon the Popes and the foundation of that greatnes which they after came to 5 The 19 King was Luitprandus who added to the Church the Cities of Ancona Narnia and Humana belonging to the Exarchate having first wonne Ravenna and the whole Exarchie thereof An. 741. the last Exarch being called Eutychus But the Lombards long enjoyed not his Conquests For Pepin King of France being by Pope Stephen the third sollicited to come into Italy overthrew Astulphus and gave Ravenna to the Church The last King was Desiderius who falling at odds with Adrian the first and besieging him in Rome was by Charles the great successor to Pepin besieged in Pavie and himself with all his children taken prisoners An. 774. and so ended the Kingdom of the Lombards having endured in Italie 206 years Lombardy was then made a Province of the French and after of the German Empire many of whose Emperours used to be crowned Kings of Lombardy by the Bishops of Millaine with an iron Crown which was kept at Modoecum now called Monza a small Village This Charles confirmed his Fathers former donations to the Church and added of his own accord Marca Anconitana and the Dukedom of Spoleto For these and other kindnesses Charles was by Pope Leo the fourth on Christmas day crowned Emperour of the West An. 801 whose Successors shall be reckoned when we come to the story of Germany At this division of the Empire Irene was Empress of the East to whom and her Successors was no more allotted than the Provinces of Apulia and Calabria and the East parts of the Realm of Naples being then in possession of the Greeks To the Popes were confirmed
cast over their backs they wear no upper garments but of cloth as being only allowed by the Laws but their under-garments of the purest stuf The women here are privileged above all in Italie having free leave to talk with whom they will and be courted by any that will both privately and publickly Which liberty it is likely they gained at such time as the French were Masters of this Estate who do allow their wives such excess of liberty as no Italian would allow of in a common Curtezan And though it cannot be affirmed that the women of the Countrey or the City it self do abuse this Liberty yet the Italians being generally of a different humor reckon them to be past all shame as they esteem the German Merchants who make little reckoning of their promises if not bound by writing to be men without faith Of which and other things concerning this Estate they have made this Proverb Montagne senza legni c. that is to say Mountains without wood Seas without fish men without faith and women without shame The Country as before is said is very mountainous in the in-lands and ful of craggy rocks towards the Sea so that by Sea and Land it is very ill travelling But amidst those hils are vallies of as rich a vein as most others in Italie abounding in Citrons Limons Olives Oranges and the like fruits with such variety of Flowers at all times of the yeer that the Markets are seldom unfurnished of them in the moneth of December It yeeldeth also great plenty of most pleasant wines which the Inhabitants call La Vermozza and another which they call Le lagrime di Christo or Lacrymae Christi this last so pleasing to the tast that it is said a Dutchman tasting of it as he travelled in these parts fetch 't a great sigh and brake out into this expression How happy had it been with us si Christus lachrymatus esset in nostris Regionibus if CHRIST had shed some of his tears in their Country of Germany Their greatest want is that of Corn and therewith do supply themselves out of other places The principall Towns and Cities of it in the Eastern part are 1. Sarezana a strong Fortress against the Florentines and one of the best pieces of this Republick 2. Pontremuli Pons Remuli as the Latines call it of as great consequence as that but possessed by the Spaniard 3. Lerigi an Haven in the Tuscan or Tyrrhenian Sea 4. Sestri a reasonable good place remarkable for as white bread and as pleasant wine as any in Italie 5. Finâ— an Haven or Port Town not far from Genoa antiently called Portus Delfinus Few of the Towns in this part are of any greatness but they are set so thick and intermingled with so many goodly houses both on the hills and the vallies that for the space of twenty miles the whole Countrey seems to be one continuall building In the West part the Towns of most importance are 1. Monaco of old called Monoecus and Portus Herculis beautified with a commodious Haven belonging not long since to the Spaniard who bought it for 100000. Crowns of its proper Owner but of late gotten by the French under colour of a later Contract 2. Ventamiglio a good Town and sweetly seated 3. Savâ—na taken by the Genoese An. 1250. before which time it had a Prince of its own Remarkable for the Interview betwixt Ferdinand the Catholick and Lewis the 12th of France An. 1507. Who having been deadly enemies upon the taking of the Realm of Naples from the French by the Spaniard met at this town and here most strangely relied upon one another Lewis first boording Ferdinands Gally and Ferdinand for divers days feasting with Lewis in this Town then in his possession as Protector of the Estate of Genoa Which kind of Interviews I note this only by the way as they chance but seldom so when they do they prove for the most part dangerous unto one of the parties great enmities not being easily forgot by persons of a publick Interess Nay that notable Statesman Philip de Comines utterly disliketh all such meettings of Princes though in Amity and good correspondence with one another as many times producing effects quite contrary to their expectations And this he proveth by the example of Lewis the 11. of France and Henry of Castile who meeting purposely An o 1463 to change some friendly words together took such dislike at each others person and behaviour that they never loved one another after it The like example he bringeth of an interview betwixt Edward the fourth of England and the same King Lewis and betwixt Frederick the Emperor and Charles Duke of Burgundy with divers others His reasons I purposely omit as not pertinent to my present undertaking and make hast again unto the Town which is about a mile and an half in circuit and hath many stately buildings in it It was called antiently Sabate or Sabatia and hath been under the command of divers Lords being taken from the Genoese by the Visconti and the Sforzas Dukes of Millain from them by the French and at last recovered again by those of Genoa Further note that this one Town hath yeelded to the Church of Rome three Popes viz. Gregory the 7th Julio the 2d. and Sixtus the 4th which is as much as Genoa it self can brag of 4 Nola upon the Seaside a commodius Haven 5 Finali a goodly Port-Town also and very well fortified honoured of a long time with the title of a Marquisate one of the seven founded by the Emperor Otho of which more hereafter but taken from the last Marquess by the Count of Fuentes then Governour of Millain for the King of Spain and garrisoued immediately with 200 Spaniards the poor Marquess being put off with an Annual peâ—sion An o 1602. 6 Milesimo a small Town adjoyning possessed upon the same right by the Spaniard also who by these peeces hath a strong command on the Trade of Genoa 7 But the great Ornament of those parts of Italie is the City of Genoa first built say some by Janus the sonne of Saturn as others say by Janus Genius Priscus an Italian or Tuscan King But by whomsoever it was built certain it is that it was miserably destroyed by Mago the Brother of Annibal repaired by Lucretius Surius at the command of the Senate of Rome for whose cause and quarrel it was ruined once again spoyled and wasted by Rotaris a great Prince of the Lombards An o 660 or thereabouts but built more beautifull than before by Charles the Great On his foundation it now stands situate on the shore of the Ligustick or Ligurian Seas to which being partly built on the declivity of an hill full of stately Palaces it giveth a most pleasant and magnificent prospect It is in compass six miles of an Orbicular form fortified towards the Sea by Art towards the Land by Art and Nature there being but one way to come to
by which this new device of Calvin was dispersed and propagated But to return unto Geneva though Calvin for his time did hold the Chair as a perpetuall Moderator and Beza too untill Danaeus set him besides the Cushion yet after that the power of the Presbyterie was shrewdly lessened in Geneva and the good Members so restrained in the exercise of it that they have no power to convent any man before them but by the autority of a Syndick or Civill Magistrate And as for maintaince they hold their Ministers so strictly to a sorry pittance as would be sure to keep them from presuming too much on their power in Consistory Tithes of all sorts were to be taken up for the use of the State and layd up in the publick Treasury and stipends issued out to maintain the Ministerie but those so mean that Bezaes stipend whilst he lived hardly amounted to eighty pound per annum the refidue of the City-Ministers not to sixty pound those of the Villages adjoyning having hardly forty pound enough to keep them always poor and miserably obnoxious to the wealthier Citizen And that they may not steal the Goose and not stick up a feather the Staee doth use to make some poor allowance to the wives and daughters of their deceased Ministers if they dye poor or leave their children unprovided or otherwise have deserved well in the time of their lives In respect hereof though the Ministers are very strict in forbidding Dancing and have writ many Tracts against it yet to give some content to the common people who have not leasure to attend it at other times they allow all Man-like Exercises on the Lords-day as shooting in peeces long-bows cross-bows and the like and that too in the morning both before and after the Sermon so it be no impediment to them from coming to the Church at the times appointed As for the Government of the State it is directed principally by the Civill or Imperiall Laws the Judge whereof is called the Leiutenant-criminall before whom all causes are tryed and from whom there lyeth no Appeal unless it be unto the Counsell of two hundred whom they call the Great Counsell in which the supreme power of the State resideth Out of this Counsell of two hundred there is chosen another lesser Counsell of five and twenty and out of them four principall Officers whom they call the Syndiques who have the sole managing of the Commonwealth except it be in some great matter as making Peace or War offensive or defensive Leagues hearing Appeales and such like generall concernments which the great Counsell of tvvo hundred must determine of They have a custom superadded to the Civill Law that if any Malefactor from another place fly to them for refuge they punish him after the custom of the place in which the crime was committed Otherwise their Town being on the borders of divers Provinces would never be free from Vagabonds Examples hereof I will assign two the first of certain Monks who robbing their Convents of certain plate and hoping for their wicked pranks at home to be the welcomer hither were at their first acquaintance advanced to the Gallows The second is of a Spanish Gentleman who having fled his Country for clipping and counterfeiting the Kings Gold came to this town and had the like reward And when for defence he alleged that he understood their City being free gave admission to all Offenders true said they but with an intent to punish them that offended a distinction which the Spaniard never till then learned but then it was too late As for their ordinary Revenue it is proportionable to their Territory if not above it conceived to amount to sixty thousand pound per annum which they raise upon the demain of the Bishop and the Tithes of the Church and on such impositions as are layd upon flesh and Merchandise But they are able to raise greater sums if there be occasion as appears plainly by the sending of 45000 Crowns to King Henry the third before they had been long setled in their own estates And as for Military forces they are able to impress two thousand men and have Arms of all sorts for so many in the publick Arsenall as also twelve or fourteen peeces of Ordnance with all manner of Ammunition appertaining to them and on the Lake some Gallies in continuall readiness against the dangers threatned them from the Dukes of Savoy And for the greater safety of their Estate and the preservation of their Religion they joyned themselves in a constant and perpetuall League with the Canton of Bern An. 1528 communicating to each other the Freedom of their severall Cities and by that means are reckoned for a member of the Commonwealth of the Switzers which is no small security to their affairs But their chief strength as I conceive is that the neighbor Princes are not willing to have it fall into the hands of that Duke or any other Potentate of more strength than he Insomuch that vvhen that Duke besieged it An. 1589 they were ayded from Venice with four and twenty thousand and from England with thirteen thousand Crowns from Florence with Intelligence of the Enemies purposes Another time when the Pope the French King the Spaniard and Savoyard had designs upon it the Emperor offered them assistance both of Men and Money yea and sometimes the Dukes of Savoy have assisted them against the others as being more desirous that the Town should remain as it doth than fall into any other hands than his own So ordinary a thing it is for such petit States to be more safe by the interess of their jealous neighbors than any forces of their ovvn The Arms of Geneva when under the command of the Earls thereof vvere Or a Crosâ— Azure 4. WALLISLAND EAstward from Savoy in a long and deep bottom of the Alpes Poeninae lyeth the Country of WALLISLAND so called either quasi Wallensland or the land of the Valenses once the Inhabitants of the Country about Martinacht a chief Town hereof or quasi Vallis-land or the Land of Vallies of which it totally consists It reacheth from the Mountain de Furcken to the Town of Saint Maurice where again the hills do close and shut up the valley which is so narrow in that place that a bridge layd from one hill to another under which the River Rhosne doth pass is capable of no more than one Arch onely and that defended with a Castle and two strong Gates On other parts it is environed with a continuall wall of steep and horrid Mountains covered all the year long with a crust of Ice not passable at all by Armies and not without much difficulty by single passengers so that having but that one entrance to it which before we spake of no Citadell can be made so strong by Art as this whole Country is by Nature But in the bottom of those craggy and impassable Rocks lies a pleasant Valley fruitfull in Saffron
Estates as may be proved by many particulars in the Realm of England in which the Law of the Crown differeth very much from the Law of the Land as in the Case of Parceners the whole blood as our Lawyers call it the Tenure by courtesie and some others were this a time and place fit for it But to return again to France whether the Salique Law were in force or not it made not much unto the prejudice of King Edward the third though it served Philip the Long to exclude the Daughter of King Lewis Hutin and Charles the fair to do the Like with the Daughter of Philip as it did Philip of Valoys to disposess the whole Linage of King Philip Le Bel. Machiavel accounteth this Salique Law to be a great happiness to the French Nation not so much in relation to the unfitness of Women to Govern for therein some of them have gon beyond most men but because thereby the Crown of France is not indangered to fall into the hands of strangers Such men consider not how great Dominions may by this means be incorporate to the Crown They remember not how Maud the Empress being maried to Geofrie Earl of Anjou Tourain and Mayenne conveyed those Countries to the Diadem of England nor what rich and fertile Provinces were added to Spain by the match of the Lady Ioan to Arch-duke Philip Neither do they see those great advantages of power and strength which England now enjoyeth by the conjunction of Scotland proceeding from a like mariage Yet there is a saying in Spain that as a man should desire to live in Italy because of the civility and ingenious natures of the People and to dye in Spain because there the Catholique Religion is so sincerely professed so he should wish to be born in France because of the Nobleness of that Nation which never had any King but of their own Country The chief enemies to the French have been the English and Spaniards The former had here great possessions divers times plagued them and took from them their Kingdom but being called home by civill dissentions lost all At their departure the French scoffingly asked an English Captain When they would return Who feelingly answered When your sins be greater than ours The Spaniards began but of late with them yet have they taken from them Navarre Naples and Millain they displanted them in Florida poisoned the Dolphin of Viennois as it was generally conceived murdered their Souldiers in cold blood being taken Prisoners in the Isles of Tercera and by their Faction raised even in France it self drave Henry the third out of Paris and most of his other Cities and at last caused him to be murdered by laques Clement a Dominican Frier The like they intended to his Successour King Henry the fourth whose coming to the Crown they opposed to their utmost power and held a tedious War against him Concerning which last War when they sided with the Duke of Mayenne and the rest of those Rebels which called themselves the Holy League of which the Duke of Guise was the Author against the two Kings Henry the third and fourth a French Gentleman made this excellent allusion For being asked the cause of these civill broiles he replyed they were Spania and Mania seeming by this answer to signifie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 penury and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 furie which are indeed the causes of all intestine tumults but covertly therein implying the King of Spain and the Duke of Mayenae In former times as we read in Cominaeus there were no Nations more friendly than these two the Kings of Castile and France being the neerest confederated Princes in Christendome For their league was between King and King Realm and Realm Subject and subject which they were all bound under great curses to keep inviolable But of late times especially since the beginning of the wars between Charles the fifth and Francis the first for the Dukedom of Millain there have not been greater animâ—sities nor more implacable enmities betwixt any Nations than betwixt France and Stain which seconded by the mutuall jealousies they have of each other and the diversitie of Constellations under which they live hath produced such dissimilitude betwixt them in all their wayes that there is not greater contrariety of temper carriage and affections betwixt any two Nations in the world than is between these Neighbours parted no otherwise from one another than by passable Hils First in the Actions of the Soul the one Active and Mercurial the other Speculative and Saturaine the one sociable and discoursive the other reserved and full of thought the one so open that you cannot hire him to keep a secret the other so close that all the Rhetorick in the world cannot get it out of him Next in their Fashion and Apparrell the French weares his hair long the Spaniard short the French goes thin and open to the very shirt as if there were continuall Summer the Spaniard so wrapt up and close as if all were Winter the French begins to button downward and the Spaniard upwards the last alwayes constant to his Fashion the first intent so much on nothing as on new Fancies of Apparrel Then for their Gate the French walk fast as if pursued on an Arrest the Spaniard slowly as if newly come out of a Quartane Ague the French goe up and dowu in clusters the Spaniards but by two and two at the most the French Lacqueys march in the Rere and the 〈◊〉 alwayes in the Van the French sings and danceth as he walks the streets the Spaniards in a grave and solemn posture as if he were going a Procession The like might be observed of their tune their speech and almost every passage in the life of Man For which I rather choose to refer the Reader to the ingenious James Howels book of Instructious for Travell than insist longer on it here Onely I adde that of the two so different humours that of the Spaniard seems to be the more approvable Insomuch as the Neapolitans Millanois and Sicilians who have had triall of both Nations choose rather to submit themselves to the proud and severe yoke of the Spaniards than the lusts and insolencies of the French not sufferable by men of even and wel-balanced spirits And possible enough it is that such of the Netherlands as have of late been wonne to the Crown of France will finde so little comfort in the change of their Masters as may confirm the residue to the Crown of Sâ—ain to which they naturally belong The chief Mountains of this Countrey next to the Pyrenees which part France from Spain the Jour or Jura which separates it from Savoy and Switzerland and the Vauge or Vogesus which divides it from Lorrein are those which Caesar calleth Gebenna Ptolomie Cimmeni being the same which separate Auvergae from Langucdoc called therefore the Mountains of Auvergn the onely ones of note which are peculiar to this Continent of France which for the
this Island being the seat Royall of the French in Gallâ—a gave name to all the residue of it as they made it theirs A Countrey generally so fruitfull and delectable except in Gastinois that the very hills thereof are equall to the vallies in most places of Europe but the Vale of Monâ—morâ—ncie wherein Paris standeth scarce to be fellowed in the Word An Argument whereof may be that when the Dukes of Berry Burgundie and their Confederates besieged that City with an Armie of 100000 men neither the Assailants without nor the Citizens within found any scarcitie of victuals and yet the Citizens besides Souldiers were reckoned at â—â—0000 It was formerly part of the Province of Belgica secunda and Lugdunensis quarta the chief Inhabitants thereof being the 〈◊〉 the Bellovaci and the Silvanectes and is now divided into four parts that is to say the Dukedom of Valois 2 Gastinois 3 Heurepoix and that which is properly called the Isâ—e of France by some the Prevoste or County of Paris 1 The Dukedom or Countie of VALOIS lieth towards Picardie the principall Cities of it called Senlis in Latin Silvanectum a Bishops See 2 Compeigne Compendium seated on the River Oise a retâ—ing plâ—ce of the French Kings for hunting and other Countrey pleasures 3 Beauvois the chief City of the Bâ—llâ—vaci by ` Ptolomic called Caesaromagus a fair large well-traded Town and a See Episcopall the Bishop whereof is one of the twelve Peers of France Philip one of the Bishops here in times foregoing a militarie man and one that had much damnified the English Borders was fortunately taken by King Richard the first The Pope being made acquainted with his Imprisonment but not the cause of it wrote in his behalf unto the King as for an Ecclesiasticall person and one of his beloved Sonnes The King returned unto the Pope the Armour which the Bishop was taken in and these words engraven on the same Vide an haec sit tunica filii tui vel non being the words which Jacobs children spake unto him when they presented him with the Coat of their brother Joseph Which the Pope viewing swore That it was rather the Coat of a Sonne of Mars than a Sonne of the Church and so left him wholly to the Kings pleasure 4 Clermont a Town of good note in the Countie Beauvoisia memorable for giving the title of Earl of Clermont to Râ—bert the fifth Sonne of the King St. Lewis before his mariage with the Daughter and Heir of Bourbon and afterwards to the Eldest Sonnes of that Princely Familie 5 Luzarch a Town belonging to the Count of Soissons 6 Brenonville 7. St. Loup on the Confines of Pirardie so called from a Monastery dedicated to S. Luviu Bishop of Troys in Champagne sent into Britain with Germanus to suppress the Pelagian Heresies which then were beginning But of this part of France nothing more observable than that it gave denomination to the Royall Familie of the French Kings 13 in number from hence entituled de Valois beginning in Philip de Valois Anno 1328. and ending in Henry the third Anno 1589. As for the Earls hereof from whom that Adjunct or denomination had it's first Original the first who had the title of Earl of Valois was Charles the second Sonne of Philip the third in right of his Wife Earl of Anjou also After whose death it descended upon Philip de Valois his Eldest Sonne who carried the Crown of France from our Edward the third On whose assuming of the Crown it fell to Lewis his second Brother and he deceasing without issue Anno 1391. to Lewis Duke of Orleans Sonne of Charles the fifth amongst the titles of which house it lay dormant till the expiring of that Line in King Lewis the twelfth and lately given unto a Sonne of the now Duke of Orleans Vncle to King Lewis the fourteenth at this present reigning I onely adde that Charles the first Earl of this Family as he was the Sonne of Philip the third Brother of Philip the fourth surnamed the Fair and Father of Philip de Valois So was he Vncle to Lewis Hutin Philip the Long and Charles the Fair all in their order Kings of France In which regard it was said of him that he was Sonne Brother Father and Vncle of Kings yet no King himself 2 The second part of this Province is called HEVREPOIX beginning at the little bridge of Paris on the River of Sein and going up along the River as far as the River of Verine which divides it from Gastinois The chief Towns of it are 1. Charenton three miles from Paris where the French Protestants of that City have their Church for Religious exercises it being not permitted them to hold their Assemblies in any walled Cities or Garrison Towns for fear of any sudden surprize which so great a multitude might easily make Which Church or Temple as they call it being burnt down by the hot-headed Parisians on the news of the Duke of Mayennes death slain at the siege of Montalban Anno 1622. was presently reedified by the Command of the Duke of Mom-bazon then Governour of the Isle of France at the charge of the State to let those of the Reformed party understand that it was their disobedience and not their Religion which caused the King to arm against them 2 Corbeil seated on the Confluence of Sein and Essons 3. Moret which gives the Title of an Earl to one of the naturall Sonnes of Henry the fourth begotten on the Daughter and Heir of the former Earl 4. Melun by Caesar called Melodunum the principal of this Heurepoix and the seat of the Baylif for this Tract Here is also in this part the Royall Palace of Fountain-bel-eau so called from the many fair Springs and Fountains amongst which it standeth but otherwise seated in a solitary and woodie Country fit for hunting only and for that cause much visited by the French Kings in their times of leisure and beautified with so much cost by King Henry the fourth that it is absolutely the stateliest and most magnificent pile of building in all France 3 GASTINOYS the most drie and baren part of this Province but rich enough if compared with other places lieth between Paris and the Countrie of Orleanoys The chief places of it are 1. Estampes in the middle way betwixt Paris and Orleans on the very edge of it towards La Beausse a fair large Town having in it five Churches and one of them a College of Chanoins with the ruines of an antient Castle which together with the Walls and demolished Fortifications of it shew it to have been of great importance in the former times Given with the title of an Earl by Charles Duke of Orleans then Lord hereof to Richard the third Sonne of Iohn of Montfort Duke of Bretagne in mariage with his Sister the Lady Margusrite from which mariage issued Francis Earl of Estampes the last Duke of Bretagne 2. Montleherry Famous for the battle
Hierusalem and Earl of Provence 1385. 5 Lewis III. Duke of Anjou and Earl of Provence and Maine titularie King of Sicil Naples and Hierâ—salem 1416. 6 Lewis IV. successour to his Father in Estate and Titles 1430 7 Roâ—è the Brother of Lewis by the adoption of Qu. Ioan the 2d was for a while possessed of Naples but presently outed by Alfonso of Aragon and died the titularie K. of Naples Sicil and Hierusalem the Father of Queen Margarite Wife of Henry the sixt Duke of Bar in right of Violant his Mother 1480. 8 Charles Earl of Maine Nephew to Renè by his 3d Brother Charles at his decease left Anjou and all the rest of his Estates to King Lewis the 11th Anno 1481. Since which never otherwise aliened than as an honourarie title of the third Sonne of France It is to be observed here according to our method in other places that Renè King of Sicil c. and Duke of Anjou instituted an Order of Knighthood called of the Croissant the Knights whereof carried a Crescent or Half-Moon on their right Armes with this motto L'Os en Croissant encouraging them thereby to seek the increase of valour and reputation The Arms of this Dukedom were France a Border Gules 7 LA BEAUSSE LA BEAUSSE is bounded on the East with France specially and primarily so called and part of Champagne on the West with Anjou Maine Tourein and some part of Berry on the North with Normandie and on the South with Bourbonois and the rest of Berry It is called Belsia in Latine Writers both names derived from the pleasantness and beauties of it The Principall Nations of the whole in the time of the Romans were the Carnutes which inhabited the greatest part and the Samnitae neer the Loire part of Gallia Celtica and cast into the Province of Lugdunensis quarta by the Emperour Constantine Divided by the French into the Higher the Lower and the Intermediate 1 The HIGHER BEAUSSE is that part which lieth next to Normandie of which the principall Towns are 1 Dreux seated upon the River Eureux supposed to be the Seat of the antient Druides who held here their Parliaments or Sessions for administration of Justice The title and inheritance of that Peter of Dreux who succeeded Arthur the Sonne of Geofrie Plantagenet in the Earldom of Bretagne 2 Montfort an Earldom the title and estate of Iohn Earl of Montfort surnamed the Valiant who succeeded in the Dukedom of Bretagne by the Aid of the English Anno 1341. 3 Chartres called antiently Carnutum Civit as but by Ptolomie Antecum seated upon the Eureux also from whence the Countrey hereabouts was called Le Pais Chartrain A Bishops See and one of the Videmates of France Which honour as it is peculiar to the French onely so Milles in his Edition of Glovers Catalogue of Honour will have but four at all in France viz those of Amiens Chalons Gerberoy and this of Chartres But certainly in France there are many more of them as at Rhemes Mans c. and formerly as many as it had Bishops the Vicedominus or Vidame being to the Bishop in his Temporals as the Chancellour in his Spirituals or as the Vice Comites Viscounts were antiently to the Provinciall Earls in their Courts of Judicature 2 The LOWER BEAUSSE is that which lieth towards Bourbonois and is subdivided into Selogne and Orleanois In SOLOGNE which lieth close to Burbon the chief places of note are 1 Romorantin seated on the Soâ—lâ—re the chief Town of this Tract 2 Mallenzay 3 La Ferte or La Ferte S. Bernard of which nothing memorable In ORLEANOYS which lieth more Northwards upon the River of Loire are 1 largean a Town once of very great strength and one of the out-works of Orleans 2 Cleri called also Cleri of Nostre-dame from the Church there built unto our Ladie 3 Tury and 4 Angerville both in the ordinary Road betwixt Parâ—s and 5 Orleans the principall Citie of all Beausse called Genabum in the time of Caesar repaired or rather new built by the Emperour Aurelius Anno 276 from thence named Aurelia the Countrey round about it Aurelianensis now Orleans and Orleanoys The Countrie generally very fruitfull and yeelding a most excellent and delicious Wine Which for the strength and intoxicating power thereof is banished the French Kings Cellar by especial Edict The City very pleasantly seated on the River Loyre well built situate in a sweet Air and planted with a civil and ingenious People who are said to speak the best language of any in France For a time it was the chief Seat of a distinct Kingdom according to the unprovident humour of the Meroâ—iguians the lot of 〈◊〉 Sonne of Clovis the Great and Guntram Sonne of Clotaire both Kings of Orleaâ—s as also was Theodorick the second Sonne of Câ—ildebert King of Mets on the death of Gunthram But Sigibert his Sonne being vanquished by Clotaire the second this Kingdom extending to the shores of the Aquitaine Ocean was added unto that of France Orleans since that time content with a lower title hath of late often times with greater prudence been made the honorarie title of the second Sonnes of France called Dukes hereof It is a See Episcopal a Bailly-wick or Seige Praesidial and an Vniversitie The See Episcopal founded in the Church of St. Crosse miserably ruined by the Hugonots in the civil Warrs out of meer hatred to the name The 〈◊〉 Praesidical setled here by King Henry the 2d 1551. for the ease of his Subjects of these parts in sutes not worth the troubling of the Courts of Paris The Vniversitie erected by King Philip le Bel An. 1312 though to speak properly it be an Hall only for the reading of the Civil Lawes the only learning there professed and for that considerable A Town now not of so great strength as in former times when for some moneths it held out against the whole power of the English rescued from them at last by the valour of Ioan the Virgin whose Statua like a man of Arms is still preserved on the Bridge-gate of this Citie neer which great Montacute E. of Salisburie had his fatal blow The MIDDLE or intermediate BEAVSSE lieth betwixt the former in which the places of chief note are 1 Blois seated also on the Loire in a sound air and fruitful Countrie the Nurserie for the most part of the Kings Children for that cause much resorted to by the Nobilitie and honoured sometimes with the residence of the Kings themselves it being in the Councel-Chamber of the Kings house here that Henry of Lorrein Duke of Guise the chief contriver of the terrible Massacre at Paris and Authour of the holy League was slain by the command of King Henry the 3d Anno 1589. 2 Chastean-Dun the chief Town of the Earldom of Dunois the honour and estate of Iohn Earl of Dunois commonly called the Bastard of Orleans one of the best Souldiers of his time and so approved by
his Forces mnst be very great and would be greater than they are but that they dare not trust the common People with the use of Arms for fear they should refuse to pay the accustomed Taxes or forsake their Trades or turn their Farms back upon their Landlords But for an 〈◊〉 of what a French King is able to doe in this kind It is said that Charles the 9th in Garrisons and severall Armies in the field had 15000 Horse and 100000 Foot of his own Nation besides 50000 Horse and Foot of Swisses Germans and others And for his standing Forces it is said by others that he is able to bring into the field for a sudden service no less than 60 Companies of Men of Arms 20 Cornets of Light-Horse and five Companies of harquibusiers on horse-back which amount to 10000 in the totall together with 20 Ensignes of French Foot and 40 of Swâ—sses and yet leave his Garrisons well manned and his Forts and Frontires well and sufficiently defended What the Revenues are in a State so subject to the will and pleasure of the King it is hard to say being also more or lesse as the times and their occasions vary according unto which the Revenues of this Crown have much altered Lewis the 11th gathered one Million and a half of Crowns Francis the first brought them to 3 Millions his successor Henry the 2d to six Charleâ— the 9th to seven Henry the 3d to ten afterward they were inhanced to fifteen And in the time of Henry the 4th the Treasurer of the Duke of Mayenne did not shame to say That his Master had more improved the Revenue of France than any King had done before him advancing it from two to five Millions Sterling A fair Intrado but far short of those infinite sums which are extorted from the People whereof a tenth part comes not cleerly to the Kings Exchequer But what need more be said than that of Lewis the 11th who used to say that France was a Medow which he mowed every year and as often as he listed and indeed their Impositions cannot but be great since there are no less than 30000 under-officers imployed to gather them Hence I beleeve sprung that wish of Maximilian the Emperour which was that he if it were possible might be a God and that having two Sons the eldest might be a God after him and the second King of France And this was also the cause that in the Wars between Charles the fift and Francis the first when the Emperours Herald had bid defiance to the Kingâ— from Charles Emperour of Germany King of Castile Leon Aragon and Naâ—les Arch-duke of Austria c. with the rest of his titles The King commanded the Heralds to return the challenge from Francis King of France commanding them to repeat France as many times as the other had petty Earldoms in his stile And to say truth considering the compactedness thereof within it self the admirable fertility of the soyl the incredible multitudes of People and the conveniency of situation betwixt Spain Italy and Germany the name of France might ballance all the others titles The chief Orders of Knighthood in this Kingdom were first of the Gennet founded by Charles Martel Mayr of the French Palace and so called either from Jane his Wife as Haillan would have it or from the Gennets of Spaine over whom he triumphed at the battell of Tours as Bellay writeth It ended in the dayes of S. Lewis The Knights of the order wore a Ring wherein was engraven the form of a Gennet 2 Of the 〈◊〉 or twelve Peers so called quasi pares inter se said to be instituted by Charles the Great in his Wars against the Saracens Six of these were of the Clergy 1 The Archbishop and Duke of Rhemes 2 the Bishop and Duke of Laon 3 the Bishop and Duke of Langres 4 the Bishop and Earl of Beavâ—â— 5 the Bishop and Earl of Nayon and 6 the Bishop and Earl of Chaulons and six others of the temporalitie 1 The Duke of Burgundy 2 Duke of Normandy 3 Duke of 〈◊〉 4 Earl of Tholouse 5 Earl of Champagne 6 Earl of Flanders These are they so much memoriz'd in the Legends of the old French Writers but falsly and on no good ground it being impossible that those should be of the foundation of Charles the Great in whose time there were none of those Dukes and Earls except the Earl of Tholouse onely Therefore with better reason it may be thus concluded on that the twelve Peers were instituted by Charles the Great though that honour not by him appropriated unto any particular Estates and Titles but left at large to be disposed of according to the personal merit of the best deservers it being most sure that neither Rowland nor Oliver nor Duke Naâ—mes nor Ogier the Dane had any of the titles abovementioned But for the fixing of this dignitie in the Dukedoms and Earldoms before named it is said by some to have been done by Hugh Capet other referre it to Lewis the 7th in whose times all those Dukes and Earls were in Rerum natura But by whomsoever first ordained the Temporall Paâ—rrâ—â—â— are extinct and others of no definite number created by the Kings as they see occasion to gratifie a well deserver Onely at Coronations and such publick Triumphs the custom is to choose some principall persons out of the Nobility to represent those Temporall Peers as at the â—orona ion of Lewis the 13th the places of the Temporall Peers were supplied by the princes of 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 the Earl of Soissons the Dukes of Nevers Elbeuf and Espernon the Ecclesiasticall Peers remaining as at first they were So that though Charles the Great might devise this Order and institute the first twelve Peers as is commonly said yet was not that high honour fixed in any of those Temporall Princes till the times succeeding but given to men of severall houses according to the Kings pleasure and their well deservings 3 Of the 〈◊〉 begun by John King of France Anno 1352. They wore about their necks a coâ—lar of gold at the which hanged a Star the word Monstrant Regibus astra vâ—am This Order was dâ—graced by his Sonne Charles in communicating it to his Guard and so it ended 4 Of S. Michael instituted by King Lewis the eleventh Anno 1469 It consisted first of 36 Knights which afterward were augmented to 300. The Habit of the Order was a long Cloak of white Damask down to the ground with a border interwoven with Cockle-shells of gold interlaced and â—urred with Ermines with an hood of crimson Velvet and a long tippet About their necks they wore a collar woven with Cockle-shels the word Immensi tremor Oceani It took the name from the picture of Saint Michael conquering the Devill which was annex'd to the collar Some think that the invocation of S. Michael was in allusion unto the tenth of Daniâ—â— Others say he took S. Michael in regard of an
deficient in Water as not good for Pasturage So that we may affirm thereof as of the Figs in the Prophet Jâ—râ—mie where it is good no Countrie better where bad and barren few so inconvenient and not any worse â—ut this defect of outward beautie and Commodities is recompensed by those within affording great plenty of Mines hoth of Steel and Iron and some Mines of Silver of which last so abundant in preceding times that it was never free from the Rovers of all Nations and it is said of Anâ—iâ—al that out of one Mine onely in the Conntrie of the Turdetanâ— now part of Andaluzia he received 3000 pound weight daily for long time together The principall Commodities which they vend in other Countries are Wines Oyl Sugars Metals Rice Silk Liquoras a fine sort of Wâ—oll Cork Rosin Limmons Raisins Orenges and fruits of the like nature In Corn which is the staff of life they are so deâ—ective that they receive the greatest part of what they spend from Italy Sicily and France Their Cattle neither fair nor many the Countrie not being able to breed them so that their Diet is on Salads and fruits of the Earth every Gentleman being limited what Flesh he shall buy for himself and his Familie which if he send for to the Butcher or the Poulterer by the smallest child able to doe the Errand for him he is sure not to be defrauded in price or quality And yet they talk as highly of their gallant fare as if they surfeited with the plenty of all provisions handsomly checked in that â—ond humour by that worthy Soldier Sir Roger Williams Of whom it is said that hearing once a Spaniâ—rd thus foolishly bragging of his Country salads he gave him this answer You have indeed good sawce in Spain but we have dainâ—y Beefs Veals and Muttons to eat with that sawce and as God made beasts to live upon the grass of the earth so he made men to live upon them And it is observ'd that if a Spaniard have a Capon or the like good dish to his supper you shall find all the â—eathers scattered before his door by the next morning And as it is in private houses so for travelling also the Innes and Vents of this Countrey are very ill provided insomuch that most men that would not go supperless to sleep carry their provision at their saddle bowes and men of worth their bedding also So poor and mean is the entertainment in these places Here lived in antient times the Gyants Geryon and Cacus which were quell'd by Hercules and in the flourishing of the Roman Empire Senâ—câ— the Tragoedian and the Philosopher of the same name a man of that happy memory that he could repeat 2000 names in the same order that they were rehearâ—ed as also Quintâ—lian the Oratour Lucan and Martial excellent in their kindes and Pomponius Mâ—l the Geographer In the middle times Fulgentius and Isidore Bishop of Seviâ—l and in our Fathers dayes Aâ—ias Montanus famous for his Edition of the holy Bible Masâ—â— a learned Commentator Osorius well seen in the Latine elegancies and beâ—ore all as well in industrie as time osta us Bishop of Avila a man so copious and industrious in his writings that it is thought he writ more sheets than he lived dayes But oâ— late times we find but few of their Works which have passed the Mountains the Latine which they write being very coarse and favouring too much of the School-man wherein their excellency consists and therefore they set out their Works most commonly in their own tongue onely The Chieâ— for Soldieâ—y amongst them were formerly 〈◊〉 who held out so long against the Romans Trajan and Thâ—odoâ—ius both Râ—man Emperours 〈◊〉 the second King of the Gothes the victorious Conquerour of the 〈◊〉 Bernardo del Carpiâ— and Cid Ruis Diâ—z famous for their atchievements against the Moors and in late times Gonsalvo the Great Captain who subdued Naples Ferdinand Duke of Alva who conquered Portugall c. The Christian Faith if we may beleeve the old Spanish Tradition was first here planted by S. James the Apostle within four yeers after the death of our Redeemer To which tradition though they held very constant a long time together yet of late dayes Baronius and other learned men of the Church of Rome doe most deservedly reject it That St. Paul had a purpose of coming hither is evident in his 15th Chapter to the Romans and that he did come hither accordingly is positively affirmed by S. Chrysostom Theodoret and divers others of the Fathers which was in Anno 61 as Bâ—ronius thinketh Nor did St. Peter want his part in this great service but joyned with St. Paul though not in the journey yet in the sending of Bishops and other Presbyters to second the beginnings made by that Apostle For it is said expresly in the Martyrologies that Câ—â—siphon Torquatus Secundus Cecilius Judaletius Hesychius and Euphrasius being at Rome ordained Bishops by the two Aâ—ostles ad praedicandum verbum Dei in Hispanias directi were dispatched into Spain to preach the Gospell Bishops most likely of those Cities where they suffered death the names of which occurre in the Martyrologie Vnder the Empire of the Gothes the faith of CHRâ—ST which at their coming hither they found right and Orthodox was defiled with Arianism not ejurated till the year 588. when that whole Nation did submit to more Catholique tendries Since that they have been punctuall followers of the Church of Rome and that too in the very errours and corruptions of it taking up their Religion on the Popes autority and therein so tenacious or pertinacious that the King doth suffer none to live in his Dominions which profess not the Roman-Catholique Religion of which they have been since the times of Luther such avowed Patrons that one of the late Popes being sick and hearing divers men to moan his approching end uttered some words to this effect My life said he can nothing benefit the Church but prâ—y for the prâ—sperity of the King of Spain as its chief Supporter And though he spoke these words of King Pâ—ilip the 2d yet they hold good in his Successors ever since being esteemed the greatest Patrons and Protectors of the Catholick Cause Which is indeed the proper interess of this King For seeing that they have framed to themselves an hope of the Western Monarchy and finding no fitter means of inlarging their own Temporall than by concurring with the Pope in upholding his Spirituall Empire they have linked themselves most fast to that See To which end they have taken upon them to be the Executioners of the Popes Excommunications by which Office Ferdinand the Catholique surprized Navarre not without hope of working the like effect in some course of time on the rest of the interdicted Estates of Europe as may be seen by the eager following of the French War against Henry the 4th till he had reconciled himself to the Church of Rome and the like War managed
the Cantabrian Mountains by which parted from Guipuscoa and on the South with the River Aragon or Arga by which divided from that Kingdom It was called at first the Kingdom of Sobrarbre from a Town of that name situate in the most inaccessible part of the Pyrenees and therefore chose by Garcia Ximines the first King hereof for the seat of his Kingdom as most defensible against the fury of the Moores Afterwards it took the name of Navarre either from Navois signifying a plain and champagn Countrie first used by Inigo Arista the sixth King who having taken Pampelune abandoned the hill Countries and betook himself unto the Plains or from Navarriere the chief of the three parts into which that Citie was divided not only at the taking thereof but a long time after The Countrie though environed on all sides with mighty Mountains yet of it self is said to be reasonably fruitfull well watered and for the most part plain and level as before is said It taketh up some parts of both sides of the Pyrenees the Spanish side being fertile and adorned with trees the French side generally very bare and naked That on the Spanish side and on the summits of the Mountains now possessed by the Spaniard is called High Navarre that on the French side now called Base or Low Navarre estimated at a sixth part of the whole Kingdom is enjoyed by the French incorporated by King Lewis the 13. to the Realm of France Anno 1620. Places of most importance in Base Navarre 1. S. Palai formerly the place of Iudicature for this part of the Kingdom but in the year 1620. removed to Pau in the Principality of Bearn both Bearn and Base Navarre which had before been governed as distinct Estates from the Realm of France being then incorporate to that Crown 2. Navarreux a Town of great importance seven Leagues from Pan well fortified and as well munitioned King Lewis the 13. finding in it at his coming thither Anno 1620. no fewer then 45 Cannons all mounted besides 40 Culverins and smaler Peeces with Powder Buller and Victuals answerable thereunto 3. Pâ—ed de Port or S. Iohn de Pied de Port bordering on the edge of France against which formerly a Peece of especiall strength 4. Roncevallis or Roncâ—vaux situate in the most pleasant Countrie of all Navarre in the entrance of a small but delightfull Valley famous for the great battel fought neer unto it in the streights or entrances of the Mountains leading to this Valley betwixt the French under Charlemagne and a great Army of Moores and natural Spaniards confederate together in defence of their common Liberty In which battel by the treachery of Gavelon 40000 of the French were slain aud amongst them Rowland Earl of Mans the Nephew of Charles and others of the Peers of France of whom so many Fables are reported in the old Romances the first Author of which Fables passeth under the name of Archb. â—urpin said to be one of those twelve Peers who taking on him to record the Acts of Charles the Great hath interlaced his Storie with a number of ridiculous vanities by means whereof the noble Acts of that puissant Emperour and his gallant Followers are much obscured and blemished by those very pens which in the times succeeding did employ themselves to advance the same Of special note in High Navarre 1. Victoria first built or rather reedified by Sancho the 4th King of Navarre Anno 1180. by whom thus named in memory of some victory obtained thereabouts against the Castilians as in like case there had been many Towns built by the Greeks and Romans by the name of Nicopolis or the Citie of Victorie which we shall meet withall hereafter Situate in the place of the antient Vellica but graced with the privileges and name of a Citie by Iohn the 2d of Castile after it came under the command of that Crown Anno 1432. A Town belonging properly to the little Province of Olava and the chief thereof which Province being wholly in and amongst the Cantabrian Mountains was of old a member of Navarre but being extorted from it Anno 1200 by Alphonso the 2d of Castile it was in the year 133â— incorporated into that Crown as a part thereof as were some other Towns and members of this Kingdom also won by the Castilians 2 Viane the title of the eldest Sonne of Naevarre who was called Prince of Viane advanced unto this â—honout by King Charles the 3d Anno 1421. in imitation of the like custom in Castle were the eldest Sonne was called Prince of the Asturiaâ— but not less memorable for the death of Caesar Borgia slain neer unto it in an ambush after all his wanderings and interchangeableness of fortunes For being sonne of Pope Alexander the sixth by birth a Spaniard he was by his Father made a Cardinal but relinquishing that Title by Charles the eighth of France created Duke of Valeatinois in the Province of Daulphine during his Fathers life he had reduced under his obedience divers of the Estates which antiently had belonged to the Church of Rome but after his decease imprisoned by Pope Iulio the second who was jealous not without good cause of his plots and practices From Rome he stole unto Gonsalvo then Vice-Roy of Naples for Ferdinando the Catholique who notwithstanding his safe conduct sent him prisoner to Spain but breaking prison desperarely sliding down a window he came at last into this kingdom and was here slain in an Ambuscado as before was said So many times was Machiavels great Politician over-reached by Bookmen and Souldiers 3 Sobrarbre in the most inaccessible parts of the Pyrenees for that cause made the first seat of the Kings of Navarre entituled from thence the Kings of Subrarbre Made afterwards a distinct Kingdom from Navarre by Saâ—châ— the great who gave it to Gonsales his youngest Sonne after whose death not having issue it was seized on by Don Raymâ—r the first King of Aragon and made a Member of that Crown 4 Sanguessâ— a Town of a large territorie and jurisdiction privileged with a Suffrage in the Convention of Estates and a strong Fortress on the borders towards Aragon for which cause formerly aimed at by the Kings thereof who have had it sometimes in their hands 5 Pampelun in the Champagn Country on the banks of the River Arga the Metropolis of this Kingdom and the seat Royall of its Kings since the Conquest of it from the Moores by Inigo Arista the sixt King of Navarre Of old divided into three parts that is to say Bourg Peuplement and Navarriere each having severall Officers and Iurisdictions the cause of many quarrels and much blood amongst them till all united into one body and reduced under the command of one chief Magistrate by King Charles the third An antient Town first built by Pompey at the end of his wars against Seâ—toâ—ius in memory of whom called Pompeiopolis by our modern Lâ—â—inists but Pampeloa more neer unto the present name
or Dominions by any undertakings and Adventures at Sea as the Portugals did incorporated to their Crown as fair and large possessions in the Realm of France as any of the others did in the Spanish Continent The Principality of Bearn the Earldoms of Foix and Begorre united in the person of Gaston of Foix as those of Armaignac and Albret in the person of John Earl of Albret all lying together on the other side of the Pyrenees all added to this Crown by mariage with the Heirs hereof made up a fairer and wealthier Estate than Navarre it self inferiour to few Provinces in the Realms of Spain Not to say any thing of the accession of the Countie Palatine of Champagne exchanged afterwards for some Lands in the Coantie of La March in Limosin or of the Earldoms of Eureux and the Dutchie of Vendosme as lying further off and of lesse importance Nor of the great Kingdom of France now herewith incorporate as to the person of the K. though not in the possession of this Kingdom also With so much judgement and success did the ensuing Kings not otherwise able to enlarge their territories bestow their daughâ—ers that the Distaff proved as happy to this little Kingdom as the Sword to others 8 Charles the second of that name and the 30th King of Navarre whom I mention not for any glorious Actions atchieved in his life for that was full enough of ignominy but for the strangeness and hideousness of his death He was a Prince much given to voluptuousness and sensuall pleasures which so wasted his spirits that in his old age he sell into a kind of Lethargie To comfort his benummed joynts he was bound and sewed up naked in a sheet steeped in boyling Aqua-vitae The Chirurgion having made an end of sewing the sheet and wanting a knife to cut off the threed took a wax candle that stood lighted by him but the flame running down by the threed caught hold on the sheet which according to the nature of Aqua-vitae burned with that vehemency that the miserable King ended his dayes in the fire 9 John of Aâ—agon the second Sonne of Ferdinand the first in the life of his Brother Alphonso was made King of Navarre in right of Blanche his Wife Daughter of Charles the 3d and on the death of his Brother King of Aragon also And though his Queen died long before him in whose right he reigned yet he kept possession of the Kingdom till his death reigning 54 years in all notwithstanding the opposition made against him by Charles Prince of Viana his onely Sonne by that mariage and Heir apparent of that Crown whom he vanquished imprisoned and at last poysoned 10 John Earl of Albret in Gascoigne King of Navarre in right of Katharine his Wife in whose reign the Kingdom of Navarre was seized on by Ferdinand the Catholique Sonne of the said John King of Aragon and Navarre by a second Wife The manner of it we shall relate with more particulars when we have summed up the whole Succession of The Kings of Navarre A Ch. 716. 1 Garcia Ximines 42. 758. 2 Garcia II. Sonne of Garc. Ximines 822. 3 Fortunio 13. 815. 4 Sancho Garcia 17. 832. 5 Ximines Garcia the last of the direct Line of Garcia Ximines An Interregnum of 4 years 844. 6 Inigo surnamed Arista Earl of Begorre the next Heir Male of the house of Garcia Ximines 23. 867. 7 Garcia III. surnamed Inigo 18. 885. 8 Fortunio II. King of Navarre and Earl of Aragon 16. 901. 9 Sancho II. called Abarca Brother of Fortunio the 2d 19. 920. 10 Garcia IV. 49. 969. 11 Sancho III. 24. 993. 12 Garcia V. surnamed the Trembler 1000. 13 Sancho IV. surnamed the Great of whom sufficiently before 1034. 14 Garcias VI. called de Nagera eldest Sonne of Sancho 20. 1054. 15 Sancho V. slain by 1074. 16 Raymir the Brother of Sancho the fift dispossessed by 1076. 17 Sancho VI. surnamed Ramires King of Aragon 18. 1094. 18 Pedro King of Aragon 1104. 19 Alfonso called the Warriour the last of the Kings of Aragon reigning in Navarre 1134. 20 Garcia VII Nephew of Garcia de Nagera 16. 1150. 21 Sancho VII surnamed the Wise 1194. 22 Sancho VIII the last of the Male issue of Garcia Ximines 40. 1234. 23 Theobald Earl of Champagne Sonne of the Lady Blanch Sister and Heir of Sancho the 8th 19. 1253. 24 Theobald II. Earl of Campagne 18. 1271. 25 Henry Sonne of Theobald the 2d 3. 1274. 26 Joane the Daughter of Henry maried to Philip the Fair of France 31. 1305. 27 Lewis Hutin King of France 10. 1315. 28 Philip the Long King of France 5. 1320. 29 Charles the Fair King of France 8. 1328. 30 Joane II. Qu. of Navarre the Daughter of Lewis Hutin Philip II. Earl of Eureux 1349. 31 Charles II. Sonne of Ioane and Philip of Eureux 37. 1386. 32 Charles III. Earl of Eureux 39. 1425. 33 Iohn Prince of Aragon after the death of his elder Brother King of Aragon also the Husband of Blanch the Daugher of Charles the 3d. 54. 1479. 34 Leonora Daughter of Iohn and Blanch the Widow of Gaston Earl of Foix a Queen of 15 dayes onely 1479. 35 Francis Phoebus Grandchild of Leonora and Gaston of Foix by their Sonne Gaston Prince of Viane 1483. 36 Catharine Sister of Francis Iohn Earl of Albret 1517. 37 Henry II. Earl of Albret Sonne of Iohn and Catharine 1556. 38 Ioane III. Daughter of Henry of Albret Antonie of Burbon Duke of Vendosme in France 1572. 39. Henry III. the Sonne of Antonie and Ioane after the death of Henry the 3d of France succeeded also in that Realm by the name of Henry the 4th 1610. 40 Lewis II. of Navarre and XIII of France 41 Lewis III. of Navarre and XIV of France now living with whom remain the rights but not the possession of this Kingdom For in the reign of Catharine and Iohn of Albret Ferdinand gathered an Army under the pretence of rooting out the Moores and surprized this Kingdom altogether unprovided and destitute of means to make the smallest resistance Anno 1512. The pretended reason of this surpizall was an Excommnication laid on these Princes by the Pope of which this King took upon him to be the Executioner but the true cause was an antient desire which this King had to possess this frontire kingdom it being a strong Bulwark against France It hapned then that Lewis the 12th having incurred the displeasure of Pope â—tâ—lio the second was together with all his adherents excommunicated and his and their estates given to such as could or would subdue them The King and Queen of Navarre were at this time both French subjects he in respect of Albret his paternall inheritance and she of her estates of Foix and Bearn and therefore sided with the French King Ferdinand having as we said levied an Army under colour of extirpating the Moores turneth upon the French King and demanded of these Princes not only a free
of Chrysostom 13 Sir Henry Spelmâ—n a right learned antiquary and a religious assertor of the Churches rights 14 Camden Clarentieux the Pausanias of the British Ilands 15 Matthew Paris 16 Roger Hoveden 17 Henry of Huntingdon 18 William of Malmesbury 19 Matthew of Westminster and 20 Thomas of Walsingham all known Historians And finally for Poetrie 1 Gower 2 Lidgate a Monk of Burie 3 the famous Geofrie Chawcer Brother in Law to Iohn of Gaunt the great Duke of Lancaster of which last Sir Philip Sidney used to say that he marvelled how in those mistie times he could see so cleerly and others in so cleer times go so blindly after him 4 Sir Philip Sidney himself of whom and his Arcadia more when we come to Greece 5 The renowned Spencer of whom and his Faerie Queen in another place 6 Sam. Daniel the Lucan 7 with Michael Draiton the Ovid of the English Nation 8 Beaumont and 9 Fleâ—cher not inferiour unto Terence and Plautus with 10 My friend Ben. Iohnson equall to any of the antients for the exactness of his Pen and the decorum which he kept in Dramatick Poems never before observed on the English Theatre Others there are as eminent both for Arts and Arms as those here specified of whom as being still alive I forbear to speak according to that caution of the Historian saying Vivorum ut magna admiratio â—ta Censura est difficâ—lis But from the men to return again unto the Countrie we find it to be subject according to the severall respects of Church and State to a treble division viz. 1 into 6 Circuits destinated to the â—inerary Iudges Secondly into 22 Episcopal Dioceses Thirdly into 40 Shires The Realm was first divided into Circuits by King Henry the second who appointed twice in the year two of the most grave and learned Iudges of the Land should in each Circuit administer Iustice in the chief or head Towns of every Country Of these Iudges one sitteth on matters Criminal concerning the life and death of Malefactors the other in actions Personall concerning title of Land Debts or the like between party and party The first Circuit for we will begin at the West comprehendeth the Counties of Wilts Somerset Devon Cornwall Dâ—rset and Southampton The second containeth the Counties of Oxford Berks Glocester Monmouth Hereford Worcester Salop and Stafford The third hath in it the Counties of Surrey Sussex Kent Essex and Hartford The fourth consisteth of the Shires of Buckingham Bedford Huâ—tingdon Cambridge Norfolke and Suffolke The fift of the shires of Northampton Rutland Lincolne Nottingham Derby Leicester and Warwick And the sixt and last of the Shires of York Durham Northumberland Cumberland Westmoreland and Lancaster So that in these six Circuits are numbred 38 Shires The two remaining are Middlesex and â—heshire whereof the first is exempted because of its vincinity to London and the second as being a County Palatine and having peculiar Iudges and Counsellours to it self The second division but more antient far in point of time is that of Dioceses 22 in all proportioned according to the number of Episcopall Sees each Diocese having in it one or more Arch-Deaconries for dispatch of Ecclesiasticall business and every Arch-Deaconrie subdivided into Rurall Dâ—anries fewer or more according to the bigness and extent thereof Of these there are but four in the Province of York that is to say the Dioceses of York Chester Duâ—ham and Carlile the other 18 together with the 4 of Wales being reckoned into that of Canterbury In respect of which great authority and jurisdiction the Arch-Bishops of Canterbury had antiently the titles of Primates and Metropolitans of all England for some ages before the Reformation used to take place in all General Councils at the Popes right foot Which custom took beginning at the Council of Laterane when Vrban the second called Anselm the Arch-Bishop of Caâ—terbury from amongst the other Prelates then assembled and placed him at his right foot saying includamus hunc in Orbe nostrâ— tanquam alterius Orbis Papam this hapned Anno 10â—9 They were antiently also Legatinaâ—i which honourable title was first given to Arch-Bishop â—heobald by Innocent the second and continued unto his successors And both to honour their calling in the course of their Government and to have the benefit of their Council being men of learning both the Arch-Bishops and the Bishops were antiently privileged to have their place and suffrage in the High Court of Parliament ever since any Parliaments were first held in England as Peeres of the Realm and that too in a double respect first in relation had to their sacred Office and secondly to those temporall estates and Barronies which they held of the King yet did they not enjoy in the times of their greatest power and flourish all the Prerogatives and Privileges of the Temporal Barons as neither being tryed by their Peers in Criminal causes but left to an Ordinary Iury nor suffered in examinations to make a Protestation upon their honour to the truth of a fact it put unto-their Oathes like others of the lower Clergy As for their Ecclesiasticall Courts bt was antient Ordered also that besides such as appertained to the Arch-Bishops themselves besides those holden by the Chancellours and Arch-Diacons of every Bishop in their severall Dioceses and some in many private parishes which they called Peculiars and finally besides the Court of Visitation held every third year by the Bishop himself in person or his lawfull Deputy there should be also Synods or Convocations which are the Parliaments of the Clergy assembled primarily for the Reforming of the Church in Doctrine and Discipline and secundarily for granting tenths and Subsidies to the King and naturally consisting of all the Right Reverend Fathers the Arch-bishops Bishops the Deans Arch-deacons and one Prebend out of each Cathedrall and a certain number of the Clergy two for every Diocess elected by the rest to serve for them in that great Assembly the Clergy not being bound antiently by any Act to which they had not given consent by those their Proxies The third and last Division though the second in course of time is that of Shires made by King Alfride both for the easier Administration of justice and to prevent such Outrages and Robberies as after the example of the Danes the naturall Inhabitants of the Realm began in all places to commit For over every one of these Shires or Counties he appointed an High-Sheriff and divers Officers to see into the behaviour of private men and to punish such as were delinquent and in times of warre either already begun or intended he instituted a Prefect or Lieutenant to whom he gave authority to see their musters their provision of armes and if occasion served to punish such as rebelled or mutinied This wise King ordained also that his Subjects should be divided into tens or tithings every of which severally should give bond for the good abearing of each other and he who was of
by the learned Camden This as it is the largest Province of all this Kingdom so was it with most difficulty subjected to the Crown of England and reduced to good order and civility First conquered by Iohn Curâ—â— a valiant 〈…〉 in the reign of King Henry the 2d by whom created Earl of Vlster But being maligned for his eminent vertues and after proscribed by King Iohn this Title and Estate were both conâ—erred upon Hugh Licie the Lord and Conquerour of Meth whom before we spake of By an Heir Generall of the Lacies it came unto the Burghs then Lords of Connaught and by the mariage of Elâ—zabeth Daughter and Heir of Richard de Burgh the last Earl of that â—amily it came to Leonel Duke of Clarence the second Sonne then living of King Edward the 3d as by his Daughter Philip to the Earls of March from them by the like mariage to the house of York and in the person of King Edward the 4th to the Crown again But being neglected by the English in the whole courâ—e of their Government especially in the Wars betwixt York and Lancaster it was cantonned into many estates and Principalities by the great Lords of the naturall Irish who had born too great sway here in the former times and so estranged from the civilitâ—es of England and their Allegiance to that Crown as if it had never been in subjection to it In which estate it did continue the Kings of England having here no more power or profit than the great ones of the Countrey were pleased to give them till the Rebellion 〈◊〉 and afterwards the Vanquishment of Hugh Oneal the then Earl of 〈◊〉 Oen brought it in full subjection to the English-Government of which more hereafter 4 CONNAVGHT in Latine called Connacia by the Irish Connaght is bounded on the North with Vlster on the West with the Main Ocean on the South with Mâ—unster from which parted by the River Shanon and on the East with Meth and some part of Lâ—inster So called from the Nagnatae an old Irish Nation or from Nagnata a Port-Town both placed by Ptolomie in this tract The Soil of the same tâ—mper with that of 〈◊〉 as woodie and as full of bogs till these later times in which indifferently well cleered of both inconveniences It hath been also called by our English Writers the Countie of Clare from Thomas de Clare one of the younger Sonnes of Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester on whom it was conferred by King Edward the first and is divided at the present into these five Shires that is to say 1 Letriâ— 2 â—oscommon 3 Maio 4 Slego and 5 Galloway and Twomond In which are comprehended but six Towns of any consequence for commerce and traffick an Argument of the imperfect plantation of it by the English Conquerors and about 24 Castles for defence of the Countrie of old erection besides such Fortresses as have been raised occasionally in these later troubles Places of most note and observation 1 Toam an Archbishops See 2 Athenry an antient Town but decaied and ruinous of most renown for being the Baronie of John de Bermingham a noble Englishman who had great possessions in this tract 3 Letrim the chief Town of the Counâ—ie so named neighboured by the Curlew-Mountains unfortunately memorable for the great defeat there given the English in Tir-Oens rebellion and by the Spring or Fountain of the River henin or Shanon whose course we have before described 4 Slego and 5 Roscommon the chief Towns of their severall Counties 6 Athlone a Peece of great strength and the Key of 〈◊〉 7 Twomond not otherwise much observable but for giving the title of an â—arl to the noble Family of O-Brian descended from the Kings of Connaught advanced unto that honour by King Henry the 8th 8 Galloway the principall of this Province a Bishops See and the 〈◊〉 Citie of the Kingdom for beautie and bigness Situate neer the fall of the great Lake or River 〈◊〉 orbes in the Western Ocean A noted Emporie and lately of so great fame with forein Merchants that an out-landish Merchant meeting with an Irishman demanded in what part of Galloway Ireland stood as if Galloway had been the name of the Iland and Ireland onely the name of some Town This once a Kingdom of it self as the rest of those Provinces the last King whereof was Rodorick surnamed the Great who having a great hand over the rest of the Roytelets entituled himself sole Monarch or King of Ireland But being forced to submit himself to king Henry the 2d his Countrey at the last was brought into subjection to the Crown of England by the valour and good fortune of Wâ—lliam de Burgh Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester Williâ—m de Bermingham and other noble Adventurers of the English Nation And though all of them did pâ—rtake of the fruit of their labours yet the greatest part of the spoil together with the title of Lords of Coâ—naught fell to the Family of the Burghs from them to Lionel D. of Clarence and by degrees unto the Crown as before was shewn Cantonned again amongst the Irish and degenerate Engliâ—â— as Vlster was by the supine neglect of the Kings of England till the Rebellion of Tiâ—-Oâ—n involving all the Chiefs of the Irish Nation in the same cause with him involved them also consequently in the same destruction 5 MOVNSTER by the Latines called Momonia is bounded on the North with Connaught on the East with Leinster on the West with the Atlantâ—â—k or Western Ocean and on the South with the Vergivian By the naturall Irish it is called Mown whence the English had the name of Mounster A Province which for rich Towns commodious Havens fair Rivers and the fertilitie of the Soil yeelds not to any in the Kingdom It is divided into six Counties viz. 1 Limerick 2 Waterford 3 Cork 4 Desmond 5 Kâ—rry and 6 Tipperarie which two last antiently enjoyed all the rights of a Countie Palatine And in these Shires are comprehended besides many safe Stations and Rodes for Shipping 24 owns of note and trading and 66 Castles of old erection Places of most observation 1 Cassiles in the Countie of Limerick an Archbishops See â—dvanced unto that honour by Pope Eugenius the third about the year 1150. 2 〈◊〉 the principall of that Countie and the fourth in estimation of all the Kingdom Situate in an Iland compassed round about with the River Shanon by which means well fortified a well-frequâ—nted Emporie and a Bishops See Distant from the main Ocean about 60 miles but â—o accomoâ—â—ed by the River that ships of burden come up close to the very wals The Castle and the Bridge peeces of great both strength and beautie were of the foundation oâ— King â—ohn exceedingly delighted with the situation 3 Clonmel in the Countie of Tipperarie of great strength and consequence 4 Holy Cross in the same County also once flourishing by reason of the great resort of Pilgrims to see
the last Earl unto Philip the Good continuing ever since in the house of Burgundie or in their right in those of Austria and Spain The Armes hereofate Or a Lyon Sable debruised with a Bend Gules 6. LVXENBOVRG LVXENBOVRG is bounded on the East with the Mosette and the land of Triers on the West with the Meuse or Maes and a branch of the forrest of Ardenne on the North with Luyck-land Namur and a part of Hainalt and on the South with the Dutchie of Lorrain Divided into two parts the Eastern part being called Fanenne fruitfull of corn and yeelding withall some wines some mines and many excellent quarries of goodly stone the Western called the Ardenne a remainder of that spacious Forrest which sometimes overshadowed all this countrey barren of corn but very plentifull of Venison and of Fowle good store The people of this country are not all of one language those nearer Germanie as in Luxenbourg Arlune Rodemark Theonville and the rest on that side speaking the Dutch as those of Ivois Mommedi Morvill and Damvilliers with the rest bordering on France do a corrupt or broken French In which regard the pleadings held before the Councell residing in Luxenbourg are made in both Languages that so they may be understood by all that have businesse there But the Nobility and Gentry of which there is more in this Province then in any other of the seventeen speak both Tongues perfectly A breed of men full of vertue curtesie and hospitality towards one another and of great truth and faith to their Prince but reckoned for the worst Landlords in all these countries governing their Subjects and Tenants like the Pesants of France contrary to the use and liberties of the rest of the Netherlands Both sorts as well the Nobility as the Commons hate both Law and Lawyers and for the most part end their controversies amongst themselves without any processe The whole countrey containeth in compasse about 70. leagues or 200. Italian miles in which are comprehended 23. walled Towns and 1168. Burroughs and Villages The principall of which are 1. Lucembourg built in the place where anciently stood the Augusta Veromanduorum of Ptolemie and took this new name quasi Lucis burgum from the image of the Sun there worshipped seated on the Alsnutius or Alze which runneth through it large and of a strong situation but not very well built nor yet recovered of the spoils which the long wars betwixt the French and the Spaniard brought upon it before the treaty of Cambray However it is the chief Town of the Province honoured with the residence of the Councell hereof and the Sepulchre of John K. of Bohemia slain in the battell of Crecie against the English anno 1348. 2. Arlune on the top of an high hill so called quasi Aralunae from an Altar consecrated to the Moon in the times of Paganisme 3. Theonville on the Moselle over which it hath a goodly bridge a frontier Town near Metz and the border of Lorrain and for that cause made marvellous strong but taken by the French anno 1558. and restored the next year by the peace of Cambray 4. Bostoack a fair Town and very well traded commonly called the Paris of Ardenne in which part it standeth 5. Mommedi on an high hill at the foot of which runneth the River Chiers 6. Danvilliers once a very strong place also both taken and ransacked by the French anno 1552. 7. Morville upon the Chiers the one half whereof belongeth to the Duke of Lorrain the other to the King of Spain as Duke of Luxenbourg for which cause called Laville commune 8. Rock di March fortified with a strong Castle 9. Ivoys a place once of great importance sacked by the French anno 1552. and restored by the treaty of Cambray on condition it should never more be walled 10. La Ferte on the Chiers a Town of the same condition In the skirts of this countrey towards France standeth the Dukedome of Bovillon and the principality of Sedan distinct Estates and in the hands of severall Owners yet so that the Soveraign of Sedan is stiled Duke of Bovillon Towns of most note 1. Bovillon the chief Town built on the side of an hill near the River Senoy a fair large City and beautified with a goodly Castle on the top of an hill so strong as well by Art as Nature that before the use of great Ordnance it was held impregnable but since it hath been often taken sometimes by the Emperours and finally anno 1552. by the French King It hath command over a fair and goodly Territory honoured with the title of a Dutchy and is now in the hands of the Bishops of Leige to one of whose Predecessors named Obert it was sold by Godfrey of Bovillon Duke of Lorrain at his going to the Holy-land 2. Sedan or Esdain situate on the banks of the Maes or Mosa the usuall residence of the Prince a fine neat Town well fortified and planted with 80. brasse Pieces of Ordnance honoured also with a seat of Learning which being of a middle nature betwixt a Grammar Schoole and an University is in the Criticisme of these times called a Scholaillustris to which men may send their children to learn good letters though they can take in them no Degrees that being a priviledge reserved only to the Universities So that these Schooles may be somewhat like our Collegiate Churches of Westminster Winchester and Eaton but that the younger Students in these last named are more reâ—trained to Rhetorick and Grammar then in the other though these more liberally indowed for the incouragement and reward of learning then all the Scholae illusâ—res of either Germanie 3. Loni 4. Mouson Musonium it is called in Latine a Town of great strength and consequence on the River Maes upon some jealousies of State garrison'd by the French as some other good Peers of this Dukedome are 5. Sausi and 6. Florenge which two last came unto the Princes of Sedan by the Lady Jone the wife of Robert Earl of Mark and mother of that Robert Earl of Mark who first of all this house was honoured with the title of Duke of Bovillon All taken and levelled with the ground by Charles the 5. in his war against Robert Earl of Mark and Duke of Bovillon but afterwards repaired on the peace ensuing 7. Jamais a Town of great importance on the edge of Lorrain by the Duke whereof in the year 1589 it was taken after a long siege from the Lady Charlotte the last Heire Generall of this House and laid unto that Dukedome as a part thereof As for the Dukedome of Bovillon it was anciently a part of the great Earldome of Aâ—denne by Geofrey of Ardenne Duke of Bovillon united to the Dukedome of Lorrain at his investiture in that estate anno 1004. By Geofrey the 2. of that name and fift Duke of Lorrain it was given in Dower to his Sister Ida at her marriage with Eustaâ— Earl of
by the Spaniard in the beginning of those wars it was again recovered by some venturous Gentlemen who hiding themselves in a Boat covered over with Turf were conveyed into the Castle which they easily mastered and made the Prince Lord of it again After re-taken by the Spaniard anno 1625. but now in the possession of its naturall owners 6. Diest on the River Dennere a good town and of a large territory and jurisdiction belonging to the Prince of Orange who had it in exchange for some other lands of the Duke of Cleve and in right hereof is Burgrave of the City of Antwerp 7. Grinbergen an ancient Baronie with a large jurisdiction descendible on the youngest sonne onely after the manner of Burgh English as our Lawyers call it 8. Gertrudenberg standing on the Douge not far from the influx of it into the Maes the furthest town in the North of Brabant where it joyns to Holland which makes it a matter of dispute betwixt those Provinces to which of them it doth belong A town of great trade for fishing plenty of Salmons and Sturgeons being taken here but of Shads especially whereof 18000 are sometimes caught in a day salted and sent abroad into forain parts It acknowledgeth the Prince of Orange for the Lord thereof as doth also 9. Grave a good town upon the Maes bought by these Princes of the King of Spain with consent of the States without whose approbation no part of the Domain is to be dismembred 10. Maestreicht in Latine Trajectum ad Mosam so called of a ferry over the Maes in former times supplyed now with a goodly Stone bridge in the place thereof A fair and goodly town beautified with two Collegiate Churches in one of which the Dukes of Brabant were alwayes Canons subject in part to the Bishop of Leige and partly to the Duke of Brabant The children are subject to that Prince to whom the Mother was subject at the tim◠〈◊〉 the Birth without relation to the Father according to that Maxime of the Civill Law 〈◊〉 sequitur ventrem And if a stranger come to live there he must declare to which of the two he will be subject yet is the Duke of Brabant the chief Soveraign of it he only having the power of Coynage and of granting pardon to Offenders and as a town of this Dukedome besieged and taken by the confederate States Anno 1632. Here is also within the limits of this Dukedome the town and Signeurie of Ravesiem situate on the banks of the Maes held by the Dukes of Cleve of the Duke of Brabant but no otherwise subject and on the same River the Town and County of Horn a Fief Imperiall beautified with a strong Castle and a goodly Territory in which is Wiert the residence of the Earls of Horne descended of the ancient house of Montmorencie in France 2. THE MARQVISATE OF THE EMPIRE so called because the farthest bounds and Marches of the German Empire frontizing on Flanders which appertained unto the Soveraignty of the Crown of France comprehendeth four of the best Towns in Brabant with very large and spacious Territories adjoyning to them viz. 1. Lovain on the River Dyle about four English miles in compasse but in that compasse much of the ground is taken up with Vineyards Gardens Meadowes and pleasant Fields which make the situation far more delightfull then if all built and peopled It was the Mother town of Brabant and sometimes gave the title of an Earl to the Dukes hereof afterwards made an University by Duke John the 4. anno 1426 wherein are contained about 20 Colledges such as they be much priviledged and inriched with pensions for publick Readers by King Philip the 2. 2. Brussels Bruxella the seat of the ancient Dukes of Brabant and of the Dukes of Burgundie also after they came to be Lords of these Countries seated upon the Sinne and other sweet springs and Riverets which make it one of the sweetest situations in all Europe having withall a goodly channell made by Art from Brussels to the River Dele and from thence to the Scheld the charge whereof amounted to â—00000 Crowns It is of the same compasse with Lovain the buildings sumptuous and the town very rich not only in regard that it is the ordinary seat of the Prince or his Regent and of the Chancery for all Brabant and the Dutchy of Limbourg but in regard of the rich Manufactures of Armour and Cloth of Arras of Silk Gold and Silver which are there industriously pursued 3. Nivello on the borders of Hainalt in a very rich and fruitfull soil remarkable for the abundance of fine Linnen which is therein made but most of all for a very rich Nunnery or rather Nurserie of noble Ladies of the same nature with those of Mentz and others before described 4. Antwerp situate in a goodly plain on the River Scheld above 17 leagues from the Sea but furnished with eight Channels cut out of the River for the transport of Commodities one of the which is capable of 100 great Ships the private buildings very handsome but the publick sumptuous the chief whereof were weckoned the Church of Nostre Dame the Bourse the Town-house and the house of the Easterlings or Eastern Merchants well peopled and of so great Trade in the former times that it was held to be the richest Empory of the Christian world the commodities here bought and sold amounting to more in time moneth then that of Venice in two years The causes of which sudden growth and increase of Trading are said to be these 1. The two Marts holden here every year either of them during six weeks in which time no mans person could be arrested or his goods distrained 2. The King of Portugall having in the yeer 1503. diverted the course of Merchandise from Alexandria and Venice to the City of Lisbon kept here his Factories and sent hither his Spices and other Indian Commodities for which cause the Merchants in the yeer 1516. forsook Bruges in Flanders and setled here And 3. many of the Nobility and Gentry during the long and bloudy wars betwixt France and Spain forsook their Country houses and repaired hither by means whereof Antwerp in a very little time grew bigger by 3000 houses then it had been formerly But as the growth hereof was sudden so the fall was sensibler occasioned through the yoking of it with a Citadell by the Duke of Alva which made Merchants afraid to resort any longer thither as a place of little freedome and lesse security but chiefly by blocking up the Haven and intercepting the trade at Sea by the more powerfull Hollanders which hath removed this great traffick to Amsterdam and other towns of their Country So that now the chief support of it is the reputation which it hath of being an Imperiall City the place of receipt for the Kings Revenues and a Bishops See founded here in the yeer 1559. which draweth hither some resort of Lawyers and Church-men 3.
reason be assigned for Zutphen in regard it is a State more ancient then that of Guelderland it self and not depending anciently on the fortunes of it united to it by the marriage of Othe of Nassaw the first Earl of Guelderland with Sophia daughter and heir of Wickman the last Earl of Nutphen So as this Earldome ended when that first began After this it continued subject to the Earls and Dukes of Gueldres till the revolt of Holland and the other Provinces from the King of Spain at what time it was besieged for the States by the Earl of Leicester at the siege whereof fell that gallant Gentleman Sir Philip Sidney of whom our British Epigrammatist thus verfifieth Digna legi scribis facis dignissima scribi Scripta probant doctum te tua facta probum Thou writ'st things worthy reading and didst doe Things worthy writing too Thy Acts thy valour show And by thy works we do thy learning know And though upon the losse of that gallant man nephew and heir unto that Earl the siege was raised at the present yet was it re-enforced again anno 1190. and the Town then taken continuing ever since in the confederacy of the States united GROINING-LAND hath on the east East-Friseland on the west West-Friseland on the North the main Ocean on the South Over-yssell so wedged in as it were betwixt both Friselands that some hold it to be but a part of the West It containeth under it the Country called the Ommelâ—nds corruptly for the Emmelands as I conjecture because lying along the River Ems and therein 145 Burroughs and Villages the chief whereof are 1. Dam near the Ems bordering on East-Friseland 2 Keykirk 3. Old-Haven standing on the Sea As for the town of Groyning it self it is rich great and very well built situate-amongst divers small streames which run through it and having also divers Channels for conveyance of waters which addes much to the safety and strength thereof A town of great jurisdiction both within and without judging absolutely without appeals in causes both Civill and Criminall in Spirituall subject heretofore to the Bishop of Munster till made one of the new Bishopricks by King Philip the second anno 1559. And though the Prince in Civill causes had his officer or Lieutenant there yet in Criminall the town was Soveraign and granted pardons as Soveraign of the whole estate paying to the Prince for all duties yeerly but 6000 Crowns Both Town and Country anciently belonged to the Bishops of Vtrecht by whose negligence in defending them they submitted their estate to the Dukes of Guelderland But the Dukes of Saxonie laying some claim to it disturbed this agreement for a time during which Ezardus the Earl of East-Friseland possessed himself of it but not able to make good his unjust possession sold his estate therein to Gueldres anno 1514. to whom of right it did belong Afterwards in the yeer 1536. they put themselves under the command of Charles the fift but with the reservation of all their priviledges and ancient Liberties for preservation of the which in danger to be over-born by the power of the Spaniard they consederated with the rest of the united States anno 1594. and so still continue The antient inhabitants of these Countries were the Menapii and Sicambri very valiant people possessing Guelderland and the Majores Frisii which were planted in Groyning and the rest of Friseland Of these the Sicambri were accompted the most valiant people uniting with other nations in the name of French and by that name possessing with the rest of those Nations the mighty Empire of the West In the division whereof by the posterity of Charles the Great these Countries were first part of the Kingdome of Austrasia or East-France afterwards of the Germane Empire governed at the first by Guardians or Protectours created by the people in the reign of Charles the Bald the two first being Wickard and Lupold or Leopold two Brethren who fixing their chief Seat in the Castle of Gueldres occasioned the whole Country to be called Guelderland But they and their successours by what name or title soever called were in effect but Provinciall Officers accomptable to the Emperours for their administration the first free Prince hereof being Otho of Nassaw who having to his first wife the Lady Aleide daughter of Wickard the last Guardian was by the Emperour Henry the third made first Earl of Guelderland adding thereto the State of Zutphen by a second marriage as is said before In Reinold the ninth Earl it was made a Dukedome by the Emperour Lewis of Bavaria anno 1339. sold by Duke Arnold justly incensed at his ungracious son Adolp to Charles Duke of Burgundy for 92000 Florens of ready money and an Annuall pension anno 1472. But notwithstanding this Agreement Adolph upon the death of Charles possessed himself of it and left it unto Charles his son who finally surrendred it unto Charles the fift anno 1547. EARLS and DUKES of GVELDERLAND 1079 1 Otho of Nassaw the first Earl 2 Gerard the son of Oth by his first wife Aleide 1131 3 Henry the son of Gerard. 1162 4 Gerard II. son of Henry 1180 5 Otho II. brother of Gerard. 1202 6 Gerard III. son of Otho the second 1229 7 Otho III. son of Gerard who walled the towes of Ruermond Aruhem Bomel Goch Wageniâ—gen and Harderwick 1271 8 Reinold son of Otho the third taken and imprisoned till his death by 1326 9 Rainold II. his own son created the first Duke of Gueldres by the Emperour Lewis of Bavavaria at Francfort Anno 1339. liberall to the poof and a great Patron of the Muses 1343 10 Rainold III. son of Rainold the 2 d molested with continuall wars with his brother Edward by whom taken and imprisoned till his dying day 1371 11 Edward the son of Rainold the second by Eleanor the daughter of Edward the third of England his second wife dyed the same yeer with his brother the last of the male issue of Otho of Nassaw 1371 12 Mary by some called Joan Sister of Edward by the same venter and wife of William Earl of Gulick 13 William son of William Duke of Gulick and Mary of Gueldres admitted Knight of the Garter by King Richard the second 14 Rainold IV. the brother of William 15 Arnold of Egmond son of John Lord of Egmond and Mary his wife daughter of Joan the sister of Rainold and William the two last Dukes succeeded in the estate of Gueldres taken impriâ—oned and most barbarously handled by his own son Adolph and delivered by Charles the Warlike Duke of Bargâ—ndie he sold to him his estates of Gueldres and Zutphen to be injoyed by him after his decease anno 1472. 1473 16 Adolpâ— the wicked son of Arnold dispossessed of his estate by the said agreement which Duke Charles enjoyed for his life after the death of the said Charles was restored to liberty by the Gauntois anno 1467. and made the Generall of their
right of Margaret his wife but after a long and bloudy war forced to go without it 1508 22 Ludovicus IV. son of Philip. 1544 23 Frederick II. brother of Lewis the fift who first introduced the Reformed Religion into the Palatinate 1556 24 Otho-Henry son of Rupertus the Brother of Frederick and Lewis the last of the direct line of this house of Bavaria 1559 25 Frederick III. Duke of Simmeren descended from Stephen Palatine of Zweybruck or Bipont younger son of the Emperour Rupert succeeded on the decease of Otho-Henry without issue 1576 26 Ludovicus V. son of Frederick the third a munificent benefactour to the University of Heidelberg 1483 27 Frederick IV. son of Lewis the fift married Ludoriea or Loise daughter of William and sister of Maurice Princes of Orange 1610 28 Frederick V. married the Princesse Elizabeth daughter of James King of Great Britain In danger of being proscribed for demolishing the works of Vdenheim he accepted the Crown of Bohemia but worsted at the battle of Prague and warred upon by the Bavarian and the Spaniard he lost both that and his own native Estates and Dignities of which deprived by Ferdinand the prevailing Emperour the Lower Palatinate being assigned over to the King of Spain the Vpper Palatinate with the Electorall dignity to the Duke of Bavaria Restored to the possession of the most part of his Country by the power of the Swedes he dyed at Mentz November 19. 1632. 1632 29 Charles Ludovick the heir both of his Fathers Estates and misfortunes too not yet admitted to his honours contrary to the fundamentall constitutions of the Empire by which the sons of the Electours and other Princes are not involved in the guilt of their Fathers offences but in fair hopes to be restored thereto in part by the Pacifications made at Munster this present year 1648. which I pray God to prosper for the peace of afflicted Christendome The Religion of this Country hath much varied since the first Reformation established by Frederick the second according to the forme and doctrine of the Confession of Auspurg the doctrine and discipline of Calvin being introduced by Frederick the third the Lutherans formes restored again by Lewis or Ludovick the fift after his death exchanged by Frederick the fourth for that of Calvin as more conducing to the ends of some needy Statists who could not otherwise raise their fortunes then by invading the Tithes and Glebe and other poor remainders of the Churches Patrimony Of which the Clergie being universally deprived throughout this Country and reduced to miserable short stipends by the name of a Competency became so contemptible and neglected by all sorts of men that at the last the Church of the Palatinate was in the same condition with the Church of Israel under the reign of Ieroboam when Priests were made out of the meanest of the people And for the Government of their Churches though moulded to the Genevian plat-form as neer as might be yet were those Princes loath to leave too much power in the hands of the Elderships and therefore did appoint some superiour officers to have an eye on them whom they called Inspectores Praepositos their power being much the same with that of the particular Superintendent amongst the Lutherans and over them a standing Consistory consisting of three Ministers and as many Counsellers of State of the Princes nominating who in his name were to take care of all things which concerned the Church A temperament for which they were beholding to Erastus a Doctour of Physick in the University of Heidelberg who made this Pill to purge Presbytery of some Popish humours which secretly lay hid in the body of it But this whole modell is now changed and the Religion of the Church of Rome restored in most parts of the Country since the conquest of it by the Spaniard none being publickly authorized and allowed but that But to return again to the Civill State and the Concernments of these Princes The Palsgrave hath many prerogatives above the Electours of either sort He taketh place of the Duke of Saxony and Marquesse of Brandenburg because Henry the Palatine was descended of Charles the great for which cause he is also in the vacancy of the Empire Governour of the Western parts of Germany in which office he had power to alienate or give offices to take fealty and homage of the subjects and which is most to fit in the Imperiall Courts and give judgment of the Emperour himself And look whatsoever shall in the vacancy of the Empire be by the Palatines enacted that the new Emperours are bound by Oath to confirme and ratifie The Revenues of these Princes were conceived to be about 100000 l. per annum nor could they be supposed at lesse the silver Mines about Amberg onely in the upper Palatinate yeelding 60000 Crownes a yeer and the passage of one Bridge over the Rhene about 20000 Crowns more besides the demeasne Lands and the Lands of the Church incorporated since the Reformation into their Estate The Armes hereof are Diamond a Lyon Topace Armed and Crowned Ruby 4. ALSATIA ALSATIA or ELSATS as the Dutch call it is bounded on the East with the Rhene which parteth it from the Marquisate of Baden and some part of Schwaben on the West with the Mountain Vauge or Vogesus which separateth it from Lorrain on the North with the Palatinate on the South where it groweth very narrow with a point of Switzerland A Country for the pleasantnesse and fertilitie of it inferiour to none in Germanie called therefore Elsats as some think quast Edelsats that is to say a noble Seat derived more probably by others from the river Ill the only River of note in all this tract and called so quasi Ill-sats the seat or situation on the River Ill. It is divided generally into the Lower and higher to which the Countrie called Sungow may come in for a third The LOWER ALSATIA is that which bordereth on the Palatinate so called because further off from the Mountains and down the water in respect of the course of the Rhene A Countrie so aboundantly fruitfull in wine and corn with which it furnisheth some parts of Germaâ—y and not a few of the neighbour Countries that it is generally called Germaniae nutrix or the 〈◊〉 of Germanie by Winphelegius the Epitome or Abstract of it Chief towns therein are 1 Strasburg so called from the multitude of Streets the Dutch call them Strats anciently Argentoratum and then Argentina from the Roman Exchequer or Receipt here kept in the time of their greatnesse or from some Mines of silver which were found about it A stately rich and populous Citie well storâ—d with publick garners and cellars of wine against times of dearth Situate on the two Rivers Ill and Brusch where they both fall into the Rhene by which and by the helps of Art very strongly fortified designed from the first foundation for a Town of war this being another of
miles The soil much of the same nature with the rest of Hassia save that it hath some veines of Quick-silver and inexhaustible mines of Coal which the other wanteth these last in greatest plenty about Veldung and the strong Castle of Eisenburg two of the best townes and places of it Others of chief note 3 Waldeck it self on the River Eder the first seat of the Earls hereof who have here an ancient Castle from whence the whole Country takes its name 4 Mengerhuse in a fair Castle whereof live the present Earls 5 Witterberg in a pleasant and fruitfull Soil betwixt the Rivers Twist and Abra. 6 Corbach famous in the times of Albertus Magnus for its golden Mines yeilding great profit to these Earls The Pedegree of whom is fetched from one Witichinde Earl of Snalenberg whom Charles the Great made Advocate or Patron of the Church of Paderborn in Westphalia being an Office in these times of great jurisdiction By Witichind the second one of his Successours this office was surrendred into the hands of the Chapter for the summe of 300 marks in silver and to cut off all further claimes Henry the nephew of this Witichind by his son Otho was by the Chapter gratified with the town of Waldeck of which he was the first Earl whose nephew Henry surnamed Ferreus subdued Corbach anno 1366. and added it to his Estate By a third Henry grandchild of this Ferreus or man of Iron this Earldom formerly held in fee of the Church of Paderborn was first put under the patronage and protection of the Lantgraves of Hassia anno 1428. as it continueth to this day the Earls hereof content with their own estates and more addicted to the Book then unto the Sword have acted little in the wars to improve their fortunes The antient inhabitants of the whole both Waldeck and the rest of Hassia and also of the County of Nassaw in Veteravia neer unto adjoyning were the Catti or Chatti mentioned by the Antients first conquered after the withdrawing of the Roman forces by the Hessi and both subdued not long after by the Thuringians Subject unto the Lantgraves of Duringen till the death of Henry the last of the male issue of Lewis of Oâ—leans In the division of whose estate the Western moiety of Duringen fell to the share of Henry Duke of Brabant one of the Competitours who leaving the title of Lantgrave of Duringen to the Marquesse of Misnia took to himself the title of the Lantgrave of Hessen in memory of the Hessi spoken of before Of his successours the most puissant was that Philip who in the time of Charles the fift much swayed the affaires of Germany anno 1520. he discomfited King Ferdinand and restored Vlrick to the Dukedome of Wirtenberg anno 1530. he united all the Protestant Princes and Cities of Germany in a common league at Smalcald for the defence of the Protestant Religion anno 1545. he undertook the cause of Goslaria against the Duke of Brunswick whom in a set battell he took prisoner together with his son and possessed his Country anno 1548. he united all the Princes and Cities of Germany in an offensive and a defensive league against Charles the fifth but that war succeeded not prosperously For the Duke of Saxony his perpetuall Confederate being taken prisoner he submitted himself to the Emperour at Kale or Hale in Duringen his sons-in-law Duke Maurice the Marquesse of Brandenbourg and Wolfang Prince of Deuxponts having given their bonds for his return The conditions of his pardon were first that he should dismantle all his townes except Cassell 2 That he should yeeld up unto the Emperour all his munition 3 That he should pay unto the Emperour 150000 Crownes The same night he was by the Duke of Alva invited to supper his sons-in-law of Saxony and Brandenbourg accompanying him After supper he was contrary to the Lawes of Hospitality and the Emperours exact promise detained prisoner The fallacy stood thus In the Emperours compact with the three Princes the words were that the Lantgrave should be kept Nicht in einig gefengknes that is Not in anyprison which the Emperours Secretary by a small dash of his pen turned into Nicht in ewig gefengknes that is Not in everlasting prison Well in prison he staid five years which being expired he was again set at large by Duke Maurice the overthrower and restorer of the German liberty The residue of these Lantgraves in their severall times occur in the ensuing Catalogue of The LANTGRAVES of HASSIA 1263 1 Henry of Brabant son of Henry Duke of Brabant and Sophia his wife daughter of Lewis the sixt Lantgrave of Thuringia after a nine years warre betwixt him and the Marquesse of Misnia divided the estate and took unto himself the title of Lantgrave of Hessen 1308 2 Otho and John sons of Henry 1323 3 Henry II. and Lewis sons of Otho 1376 4 Herman the son of Lewis 1414 5 Lewis II. son of Herman surnamed the Milde 1458 6 Lewis III. son of Lewis the Milde 7 William the eldest son of Lewis the third dispossessed of his Estate by 8 William II. his youngest brother 1509 9 Philip the famous Lantgrave spoken of before son of William the second 1567 10 William III. eldest son of Philip succeeded in one moiety of the estate and resided at Cassiles the other moiety being divided betwixt his brethren Ludowick of Marpurg and George of Darmstad father of Ludowick of Darmstad before mentioned 1590 11 Maurice eldest son of William the third 12 William IV. son of Maurice now living 1648. The Armes of these Lantgraves are Azure a Lyon Barry of eight pieces Arg. and Gules Crowned Or. WESTPHALIA WESTPHALIA is bounded on the East with Hassia Brunswick and part of Lunenberg on the West with the Bishoprick of Coleu Cleveland Overyssell West and East-Friseland and the German Ocean on the North with the Elb and the Dukedome of Holstein and on the South with Weteravia and some part of Hassia It was thus called of the Westphali a tribe or division of the Saxons distinguished heretofore into the Transalbinos inhabiting in the County of Holstein now a part of Danemark the Jostphali betwixt the Elb the Ocean with the River of Saltza and the Weser taking up the Bishopricks of Breme Verden Hildesheim Halberstat and Meydburg with the Dukedomes of Lunenburg and Brunswick the Angrivarians taking up the north-west part of the modern Westphalen betwixt the Bishoprick of Breme and the Earldome of Colen and finally the Westphali or Western-Saxons inhabiting the rest of the modern Westphalen with the Earldomes of Mark Berg Zulphen the seigneury of Over-yssell and some parts of Guelderland and Holland But the Saxons being subjugated by the power of the French and severall new estates erected out of that old stock the remnant of the Westphali and Angrivarians the Bishoprick of Breme being added unto the accompt were comprehended and united in the name of WESTPHALEN The soil according to the severall parts of it
restored to all his own Knight of the Gatter 1648 13 Frederick son of Christiern the fourth his elder brethren being all dead without issue succeeded in the Crowns of Denmark and Norway Having thus mustered up the Kings of these severall Kingdomes taken distinctly and conjunct we must next look upon the way of their coming to their Regall throne their forme of Government together with the powerablenesse and revenues incident unto it As for the manner of their coming to the Regall Throne the Danes pretend the Kingdome to be Elective and not Hereditary yet so as they have alwayes set the eldest sonne on the throne of his Father unlesse some extraordinary occasion have disposed it otherwise But they that look upon their Stories in the former times can see no such matter the Kingdome going generally in the way of Succession unlesse by Faction or some popular and powerfull Pretender hath interloped as oftentimes hath hapned in such other Estates as are hereditary meerly without claim or colour of Election 'T is true that the male issue â—ailing in Olaus the son of Margaret and the Princes which pretended by the Females after her decease not being of sufficient power to assert their titles the Kingdome was transferred to the house of Oldenburg who held it on no other ground then by that of election Which being an extraordinary case is to make no Precedent though seconded by the outing of King Christiern the second and the advancement of Frederick unto that Estate being acts of violence and force and justified onely by the false Topick of successe But whosoever lost by the hand the Danes got well by it King Frederick taking up the Crown upon such conditions as have made him and his successours little more then Tâ—tulary For he was fain to swear at his Coronation that he would put none of the Nobility to death or banishment but by the judgement of the Senate that the great men should have power of Life and Death over their Tenants or Vassals that no Appeal should lie from them to the Kings Tribunall nor the King be partaker of the Confiscations nor finally advance any to Commands and Honours but by consent of his Great Councell Which Oath being also taken by his Successours made Bodinus say Non tam re ipsa quam appellatione Reges esse that they were onely Kings in Title but not Kings indeed Yet in regard that the Nobility so they call their Gentry have but small Estates none of them above the degree of Knights except onely the Princes of the Blood and that degree conferred by the King alone it is not often found that they have dared to crosse or oppose their King but when some of the Royall Family out of private ends have concurred with them in it as in the case of Christiern the second deposed by the people but those people headed and set on by his Uncle Frederick who had an eye upon the Crown As for the Senate or Great Councell spoken of before it consists wholly of men chosen out of the Nobility who are to prove their Gentry by a long descent seldome exceeding the number of 28. to each of which there is allowed a convenient Salary with some fair Castle in the Country for his retirements during his being of that bodie his whole estate being freed also for that time from all publick payments Without their counsell and advice the King is neither to determine of Peace or War or to enter into any new Leagues or Confederacies nor impose any Tax upon the Subject and unto them and the King joyntly is the last Appeal such being the constitution of this Estate that all Causes and Controversies are first decided in the Prefecture or Heret 184 in number where they first arise from whence it is Iswfull to appeal to the Judge of the Province from him to the Chancellour of the Kingdome and finally to the King and Councell By the Lawes of Waldemar the first who first reduced the Lawes into set form and writing the Bishops were to sit with this Councell in all causes of moment discharged from that employment by King Christiern the third by whom it also was ordained that the Clergy should not sell any of the Church-lands without leave of the King The Forces which this King or Kingdome are to raise may best be seen by some of their particular undertakings those specially of Christiern the second who at the request of Henry the second of France sent a Navy of an hundred sail into Scotland against the English and therein no fewer then 10000 Souldiers and of Frederick then Duke of Holst who in hiâ— war against this Christiern whose removall from the Crown he had then projected brought 80000 men into the field to make good his quarrell And questionlesse considering the many Poâ—ts and Ilands that this Crown is Master of both within the Baltick and without it cannot be but he may suddenly raise a strong power at Sea And then considering that each of the Nobility which are here numerous enough is bound to findâ— a certain number of Horse upon all occasions as are those also who hold lands of the Kings which the Danes call Verleâ—ninge it will accordingly be concluded that they are able to make good Levies for a sudden service especially in defence of their own dominions The Revenue of this King consisteth principally in the great impost laid upon all ships which passe through the Sound the greatnesse whereof may easily be conjectured at by the multitude of ships which of necessity must passe by it in the trade of the Baltick though of late somwhat lessened of what it was since the English found â—ut and frequented the Northern passage into Muscovia There are also some Crown-lands and a great yearly Tell made of the Catell which passe into Germany as also of the fish transported into other Countries And yet it is conceived that the Treasures of this King are not very great partly because there is no other important commodity but fish to draw Merchants thither and partly that there is not any one Town of any great Traffick in all his Realmes for the entertaining of commerce The chief Order of Knighthood in it is that of the Elephant instituted by Frederick the second Their badâ—e a Collar powdred with Elephants towred supporting the Kings Armes and having at the end the picture of the Virgin Mary The Armes hereof are Quarterly 1 Or three Lyons passant Vert crowned of the first for the Kingdome of Denmark and secondly Gules a Lyon Rampant Or Crowned and Armed of the first in his pawes a Dansk hatchet Argent for the Kingdome of Norway What Armes belong to him as Duke of Holst and Sleswick I am yet to seek There are in Denmark Archbishops 2. Bishops 13. Universities 2. Viz. Copenhagen Sore And so much for the Kingdome of DENMARK OF SWETHLAND SWETHLAND is bounded on the East with Muscovie on the West with the Dofrine hils which
have accompanied the Vandals in their on-fals into Gaul and Spain Of any expedition of theirs crosse the Baltick seas neâ—gry quidem nothing to be found in more antient Authors We must therefore reserve the originall of this people either to the Suiones or the Suethidi or perhaps to both both being antiently setled in these Northern Regions Of the Suiones wee read in the booke of Tacitus inscribed De Moribus Germanorum by whom reported to be strong in men armour and shipping and that they were inhabitants of Scandia appeares by two circumstances in that Authour 1 That the people were not permitted to weare weapons quia subitos hostium incursus prohibet Oceanus because the Ocean was to them a sufficient Rampart which could not be affirmed of the antient Suevians but agreeth very well with the situation of this present Countrey defended by the baltick and vast Northern Ocean from the sudden assaults of any enemy 2. Because the Sea which hemmed in that people was conceived to be the utmost bound of the World trans Suiones 〈◊〉 quo cingi claudique terrarum orbis fines as his words there are which wee know to hold good of this Countrey Adde unto these this passage of the old Annals of the Emperour Lewis the second where it is told us of the Danes 〈◊〉 patria apud Suiones exulabant that they were banished into the countrey of the Suâ—ones which cannot so well be understood of any place as of this Sweden being next neighbour unto Denmark And 4 that this people both by Munster and Crantzius are as well called Suiones as Suâ—â—i or Sueâ—i which sheweth what they conceived of their true Originall Then for the Suethans or the 〈◊〉 whom Jornandes speaks of in his book Deâ—ebus Gâ—ticiâ— they are by him placed in the Isle of Scandia for such this great 〈◊〉 was esteeâ—ed to be by most antient writers Now that these Suethidi are no other then the present Suethlanders appeareth 1. by the propinquity of the names 2 In that he maketh the Finni and Finnaithae the next neighbours to them and 3 in that they are affirmed by the same Authour to have furnished the Romans with rich Furs and the skins oâ— wilde Beasts with which commodities this countrey is aboundantly well stored Now to which of these two Nations either the Suiones or the Suethidi those of Sweden are most endebted for their originall will I conceive be no great controversie the Suethans and Suethidi of Jornandes being no other then a tribe of the Suiones though the greatest and most powerfull of all those triles placed therefore in the front to command the rest and so most like to give the name unto the whole Their government was antiently under Kings affirmed so to be by Tacitus who telleth us also that they were absolute and free nullis exceptionibus non precario jure regnandi not bound in Câ—venant with their people nor holding their Estates at the will of the Subject But their Historians have gone for Antiquity hereof beyond the story of Brute or the Trojan warre beyond which very few of that strain have dared to pretend as high as unto Magog the son of Japhet reigning here within 90 years after the flood But letting passe these dreams and dotages of the Monkish times certain it is that sometimes they were under the Danes sometimes under the Norwegians sometimes had distinct Kings of their owne and finally sometimes were comprehended with the Danes and Norwegians under the generall name of Normans conducted by one King or Captain upon forain actions Omitting therefore the succession of their former kings of whose very being there is cause to make great question we will begin our Catalogue of them with Jermanicus who entertained Harald King of Denmark and his brother Regenfride driven out of that kingdome by Gottricus or Godfrey the Contemporary of Charlemagne of whose successours Munster giveth us more certainty The KINGS of SWEDEN 1 Jermanicus 2 Frotho 3 Herotus 4 Sorlus 5 Biornus 6 Wichsertus 7 Ericus 8 Ostenus 9 Sturbiornus 10 Ericus II. 11 Olaus 12 Edmundus 13 Stinkalis 14 Halsienus 15 Animander 16 Aquinus 17 Magnus 1150 18 Sherco 13. 1160 19 Carolus 8. 1168 20 Canutus 54. 1222 21 Ericus III. 27. 1249 22 Bingerius 2. 1251 23 Waldemarus 26. 1277 24 Mognus II. 13. 1290 25 Birgerius II. 23. 1313 26 Magnus III. son to Ericus the brother of Byrgerius was also chosen King of Norwey 1326 27 Magnus IV. King of Sweden and Norwey which last he gave in his life time to Hayvin or Aquinus his second son and after the death of Ericus his eldest son his designed successour in this Crown was outed of this kingdome by the practise of 1463 28 Albert Duke of Mecklenburg son of Euphemia the sister of Magnus the fourth to the prejudice of Aquinus king of Denmark and Norwey made King of Sweden on that quarrell vanquished by Margaret Queen of Denmark and Norwey widow of Aquinus anno 1387. to whom desirous of liberty he resigned his Kingdom and dyed in his own countrey anno 1407. 1387 29 Margaret Queen of Denmark Sweden and Norwey the Semiramis of Germany having united the three Kingdomes under her command caused an Act of State to be passed in Colmar a chiefe town of Swethland for the perpetuation of this union unto her successours the Lawes and Priviledges of each Kingdome continuing as before they were 1411 30 Ericus IV. Duke of Pomeren adopted by Margaret of whose sister Ingelburgis he was descended was in her life time chosen King of the three Kingdomes into which he succeeds actually after her decease but outed of them all by a strong faction raised against him anno 1439. he dyed in a private estate in Pomeren anno 1559. 1439 31 Christopher Count Palatine and Duke of Bavier in title only son of the Lady Margaret sister of Ericus succeeded in all three Kingdomes After whose death the Swethlanders being weary of the Danish Government broke the agreement made at Colmar for the uniting of the three Kingdomes under one Prince and chose one Carolus Caâ—utus to be their King anno 1448. 1448 32 Carolus Canutus one of the meanest of the Nobility and not long pleasing to the great ones whose displeasure when he had incurred and feared the consequents thereof hee gathereth together all the treasure he could fled unto Dantzick and there ended his dayes 1455 33 Christiern King of Denmark and Norwey called in by a party of the Swedes and crowned King of Swethland but outed againe under colour that he had not kept conditions with them the kingdome governed after that for a time by Marshals 1458 34 John King of Denmark and Norwey the sonne of Christiern received king by the Swedes then overpowered by the Muscovite but their turne being served they expelled him againe returning to their former government under Marshals Of which Marshals descended from Steno Stur the Uncle of Carolus Canutus by his Mothers side there were three in
the Ancients called him the son of Japhet planted originally in the North and North-east of Syria on the Confines of Cholcis and Armenia where Plinie as before is said hath fixed the Moschi and where there is a long chain of hils which most of the old Writers call Montes Moschici But to return unto the Rossi we hear not of them by this name till the time of Michael the third Emperour of Constantinople in whose reign they infested the Euxine Sea and had the boldnesse to attempt the Imperiall Citie anno 864. said by Cedrenus and some others of the Eastern Writers to be a people of Mount Taurus next neighbours to Mesoch or the Moschi Failing in their attempt upon Constantinople and not willing to goe home again they spread themselves with their consederates and associates in this expedition upon the North-west banks of the Euxine Seas enlarging their bounds Northwards with lesse opposition then they were likely to have done on the Southern parts Constantinople being once again in vain attempted in the reigns of Constantine the 7. and Henricus Auceps Converted to the Christian Faith or growing into better termes with the Eastern Emperours Helena daughter of Nicephorus Phoeas is married to Valadomirus one of their Kings from that time forwards turning their forces on the Polanders and their weak neighbours save that provoked by the death of one of their Countrie slain accidently at Constantinople in a private quarrell they made another fruitlesse journey against that Citie in the time of Michael Calaphates Enlarging their estate to the West and South they became masters of a great part of Sarmatia Europaea Lituania Podolia Nigra Russia and other Provinces now subject to the Crown of Poland being then parts of their Estate Anno 1240. the Tartars under the conduct of Bathu or Baydo son of Occata Chan broke in upon them and subdued them the Countrie before this entire under one sole King being broken afterwards into divers per it and inferiour Governments according to the will and pleasure of the insolent Victors The principall of these descended from the former Kings were Lords of Volodomir Mosco and some other Cities held by them with no other Title then Lords of Moscovie and for that Tributarie to the Tartars as were all the rest Under this thraldome they long groaned till the Tartarianâ— being divided amongst themselves and grown lesse terrible to their neighbours were outed of their power and command here by the valour of John son of Basilius the 2. who thereupon changed the Title of Lord into that of Duke and after into that of Great Duke as his fortunes thrived Yet not so great but that he was contented to be an Homager of the Tartars it being finally agreed on at the end of their wars that the Tartars should relinquish all their Holds in the Country and on the other side that once every year within the Castle of Mosco the Great Duke standing on foot should feed the horse of the Crim Tartar with oats out of his own cap. This Homage was by Basilius changed to a Tribute of Furres which being also denyed by his Successours as they grew in power occasioned the long warres betwixt the Nations the Tartars alwayes pressing on them by sudden inroades sometimes by Armies of no lesse then 200000 fighting men But notwithstanding all their power and the friendship of the Turk to boot the Moscovite is not onely able to assert his Soveraignty but hath also wrested from them many goodly Provinces As for the Princes of this Country I shall not trouble my self as I see some doe in tracing a Succession of them as farre as from the times of Augustus Caesar when neither the Rossi nor the Moschi had here any footing We will therefore goe no higher then the time of George whose daughter Anne I finde to have been marryed to Henry the first of France From whom in a direct line descended another George with whom we doe intend to begin our Catalogue as being the last King of the Russes before the coming of the Tartars Who wisely yeelding to the storme waved the title of King contented only with the title of Lord of Mascovie the first seat of that power and Soveraigntie which he transmitted afterwards to his posteritie affecting for that cause the title of Dukes of Moscovie though all the conquered Townes and Territories have their place also in his style as much as that of Emperour of Russia Which some of them have assumed also since the time of Basilius who styled himself Basilius by the Grace of God Emperour and Lord of Russia Great Duke of Volodomir Moscovie Novogrod the great Plescow Smolensko Tuver Jugar Wiathka Bulgar c. Lord and great Prince of the Lower Novogrod Czernigow Rhezan Wologda Rsow Biele Rostow Yarossane Poloskie Bielloziere Vdore Obdora Condora c. King of Casan and Astrachan But leaving them unto their swelling and Voluminous title little inferiour unto that of the Kings of Spain let us next look on the succession from the time aforesaid of The LORDS of MOSCOVIE A. Ch. 1 George the last King of the Russes and first Lord of Mosco 2 Iaceslaus 3 Alexander 4 Daniel 5 John 6 John II. 7 Basilius 8 Demetrius 9 Georgius II. 10 Basilius II. The Great DUKES 1 John the first Great Duke who strooke off the Tartarian bondage 2 Basilius Gasan wonne the Provinces of Severia Roseovia and Smolensko 3 John Basilius conquered Livonia and Lituania both which his successour 1548 4 Johannes Basiliades or Wasiliwich lost in his age though in his youth he had subdued the Noyhacensian Tartars to his Empire and vanquished Selim Emperour of the Turks anno 1569. With this King the English first began to confederate 583 5 Theodorus Johannides the last of the old Royall line of Moscovie 598 6 Boris Theodorus brother to the wife of the last Great Duke partly by the last will of his Predecessour partly by practising with the people obtained the Empire but being an unmercifull Tyrant was dispossessed by the Polanders coming in favour of one 1605 7 Demetrius pretending himself to be the son of John Vasiliwich and generally believed to be so preserved in a Monasterie from the tyrannie of Boris in hatred of whom he was brought in by the Polander by whose aid he overcame the Tyrant and rooted out his Familie and was with great joy crowned Emperour in the Citie of Mosco But the Russian Lords disdaining to have a Prince imposed on them from Poland rose in arms against him and at last vanquished and slew him in the open field his wife a noble Polonian Ladie sent poorly home and the Polanders beaten out of the Country 1606 8 Basil Juanniwich surnamed Sniskius the chief of the Conspiratours was by the rest of his faction chosen Cnez or Emperour and held the State with great trouble till the year 1610. when 1610 9 Demetrius II. another pretender to the State as the son of John Vasiliwich also in opposition
abolished and that of Paphlagonia revived again the whole Countrey as before limited was governed by an Imperiall Officer whom he called Froetor Justinianus continuing under the command of the Constantinopolitans till the taking of that Citie by the Latines After which made a Member of the Empire of Trabeâ—ond till the conquest of it by the Turkes by whom called Rom. 4. GALATIA GALATIA is bounded on the East with Cappadoais on the West with the River Sangarius and some part of Pontus specially so called or Metapontus on the North with Paphlagonia on the South with Pamphylia So called from the Gaules who having ranged over Greece passed into Asia and brought a great part of it under their command but being broken by Attalus King of Pergamus and drove out of Mysia and the Lesser phrygia were at last confined to this Countrey It was also called Gallo-Groecia from that mixture of Gaules and Grecians who uniting into one body when they came for Asia were commonly called Gallo-groeci By Suidas Groeco-Galli and the Countrey suitably Graco-Gallia The Countrey very plentifull of all manner of fruites even unto voluptuousnesse and providently provided of the Stone called the Amethyst which is said to preserve from drunkennesse the man that weareth it The name doth signifie as much derived from A privativum and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ebrius which commeth from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying wine The people had a custome in their publique funerals to cast letters fairely written into that last and fatall fire wherein the dead body was to be bumed supposing that their friends should read them in the other world Much given to Sacrifices in the number and frequency whereof they excelled all Nations insomuch that Athenoeus telleth us of one Ariamnes a rich Galatian that he feasted the whole Nation for a year together with the Sacrifices of Buls Sheep Swine and other provisions boyled in great Caldrons made for that purpose and distributed amongst them in Tents and Boothes erected for that entertainment A brave flash of a vain-glorious hospitality Rivers of note here are not any but what are common unto them with their neighbouring Nations as Halâ—s Sangarius and some others The Towns of most consideration in it were 1. Anâ—yra on the banks of tae River Sangarius the chief Citie of the Teclosages a Gallick Nation and the Metropolis of the whole Countrey memorable in Church-story for a Synod here held in the Primitive times Anno 299. called Synodus Ancyrana but of most note at the present for the making of Chamlets now called Angauri 2. Olenus 3. Agrinama Cities of the same people also 4. Tavium or Tanium for I finde both names the chiefe Citie of the Trocmi or Trogmi where was a brazen statue of Juipter whose temple there was a priviledged Sanctuary 5. Androsia 6. Phabarena Cities of that nation also 7. Thermae a Roman Colonie so called of the hot Bathes there the chief Citie of the Tolibosti as Ptolomy or Tolistobogi as Strabo nameth them 8. Talachbachora belonging also to that people Besides the Nations above named here dwelt also the Byceni and Proseliminitoe who had also their peculiar Cities mentioned by name in Ptolomie but of little or no observation in the course of story Of all which Nations onely the Tectosags were of Gallick originall who with others of their Countreymen under the conduct of Belgius and Bremius having ransacked Pannonia and Illyricum fell at last into Macedon where having tyrannized a while and laid waste the Countrey they were at last vanquished and expulsed by Antigonus Gonatas After this overthrow under the conduct of Lammorius and Lutoriut they ferried over the Hellespont and subdued almost all Asia Minor on this side the Taurus employed there by those petty Kings and States against one another their reputation grown so great that no Prince thought himself secure without their alliance or able to make warre without their assistance The very Switzers of that age as mercenary but more faithfull unto those that hired them But being over rigotous in compelling their neighbor Princes to become their Tributaries and too severe in the exacting of their Tributes they inforced Attalus King of Pergamus by whose favour they had setled about the Hellespont to become their enemy Vanquished by him they were constrained to contein themselves within the bounds of this Province which from them in the following times was called Galatia and Gallograecia Here for a while they kept their antient courage and estimation molesting many times their neighbours and sometimes setting themselves to hire in the wars of others but in the end they lost both courage and esteem and were Gaules onely in name retaining little in them of their Ancestours valour For as most plants and trees lose much of their vertue being transplanted into another soile so these men lost their native courage strength and hardinesse being weakened by the Asian pleasures and delicacies For as Tully saith for a man to be good in other places is no mastery but in Asia to lead a temperate life is indeed praise-worthy So might one have said to the Gaules that to be couragious and patient of travell amongst the mountains was no whit to be admired but to have continued so amidst the delights of Asia had been indeed meritorious in them But these men were so farre from assailing the Romans in the Capitol that they lost their own Countrey to Malius a Roman General A warre which Manlius undertook for no other cause but that they had been aiding to Antiochus against the Romans nor was there any memorable act performed herein but that of Chiomena the Kings wife who being ravished by one of the Roman Captains took her advantage whilest he busied himself in telling the money agreed on for her ransome to cut off his head which she presented to her husband But Manlius got little honour by this successe not being welcomed with a triumph at his comming home according to the Roman custome because he undertook the warre of his own accord without commission from the Senate And yet the Senate was content to enjoy the fruites of it keeping the Galatians as their Subjects and the Kings their Feudataries This happ'ned anno V. C. 564. After which time I find Desotarus by consent of the Romans to reign here as King who siding with Pompey in his warre against Caesar incurred the anger of the Victor and had died for it had not Tullie pleaded his cause and obtained his pardon But he being dead his Countrey in the time of Augustus was made a Province of the Empire Lollius Paulinus being the first President or Governour of it enlarged afterwards with the addition of Paphlagonia and some part of Pontus from whence called Galaticus Reduced to its first bounds by the Emperour Constantine and divided into two Provinces by Theodosius the one called Galatia Prima the other Salutaris from its medicinall waters Of both which Ancyra remained the Metropolis In the falling of the
good for many diseases which gave it the name of Salutaris Of which thus writeth Marcellinus lib. 14. In his trastibus havingerum nusquam visitur flumer at in lacis plurimis aquae suacte natura calentes emergunt ad usum aptae multiplicium medelarum So he The sense whereof we had before Places of most observation are 1. Palmyra seated in a desart and sandy plain one of the Cities built by Solomon in the Wilderness mention of which is made 1 Kings chap. 9. v. 17 18. this Palmyra being supposed to be that City which is there called Tadmer or Tamer in the Vulgar Latine The cause for long time of much contention betwixt the Parthians and the Romans as situate in the borders of either Empire not fully setled in the Romans till that they had subdued Zenobia then the Queen hereof By Adrian the Emperour who repaired it it was called Hadrianople but it held not long the old name in short time prevailing above the new 2. Gezer 3. Bethboron the upper and 4. Bethberon the nether said to be fenced Cities with Walls Gates and Barres 2 Chron. 8. 4. and 5. Baalath four of the other Towns here built by Solomon but either quite worn out of knowledge or called by new names in the time of Ptolouy who faith nothing of them 6. Adada built as the name doth intimate by some of the Adads Kings of this Countrey or of Damascus to which last made subject 7. Sura more towards the River Euphrates in the Notitia called Flavia Firma Sura which sheweth that it was either repaired or made a Colonie by the Emprour Vespatian whose fore-name was Flavius honoured with an Episcopal See also in the times next following as appeareth by the Acts of the Council of Constantinople 8. Alamatha on the banks of the River Euphrates which if it were lawful for me to criticize upon my Author I should conceive to be that Hamath of the Scriptures which is call'd Hamath Sobah 2 Chro. 8. 3. against which Solomon prevailed the mistake from Camatha to Alamatha being not uneasie in the Transcripts And if it were the same as I think it was confirmed herein by that passage in the second of Chron. chap. 18. ver 3. where it is said that David smote Hadad-ezer King of Sobah unto Hamath as he went to stablish his dominion by the River Euphraters By which it seemeth that Hamath stood upon that River as the Camatha or Alamatha of Ptolomy is said to do I should conceive it to be the chief feat of those Kings and the Principal City of this Kingdome the word Sobah being added to it not onely for distinctions sake but in way of eminency 9. Resapha a Town of note in the time of Prolomy but of greater in the holy Scripture where it is represented to us by the name of Reseph Esay 3. 12. Reseph Civitas Syria as St. Hierome hath it and a Town of Syria then most like this 10. Betah and 11. Becothai two other Cities of this Kingdome taken by David in his warre against Hadad-ezer 2 Sam. 8. 8. the last supposed to be the Barathins of Ptolomy though placed by him here some time they are Towns of Arabia the Desart by which it seems it was alotted in the change of time This part of Syria as the rest was once a distict Kingdome of it self by the name of the Kingdome of Sobah or of Aram-Sobah The first KING thereof whose name occurs in holy Scripture being Rehob the Co-temperare of Saul King of Israel by whom discomfited in battel as is said 1 Sam. 14. 47. But Adad-ezor the Sonne of Rehob a Prince of greater power and valour then his Father was having brought all the neighbouring Kings under his command as is said 2 Sam. 10. 19. conceived himself a fit match for David and thereupon opposed his passage as he went to recover his border at the River Euphrates In which action though he lost a thousand Charets and twenty thousand Foot and seven hundred Horse yet would he not so end the wane but first with the Syrians of Damaseus and after with the Ammonites and their confederates and finally by the aid of the Mesopotamians renewed the quarrell But being discomfited also in this last enterprise with the lose of forty thousand and seven hundred men and his life to boot the Kingdome of Zobah was brought under by the Kings of Damaicus The Storie of this warre we have in the 2 of Sam. cap. 8. and 10. in the first of Chron. cap. 18. and 1 Kings 11. 23 24. yet were not the Kings of Damascus so well setled in it but that David had possessed himself of Betah and Berothia and other peeces of importance the Regal City of Hameth-Soba being wonne by Solomon and many of the best Towns of it built by him to assure his conquest But the Kingdome Solomon being rent in pieces in the next Succession the Kingdome of Zobah fell again unto those of Damasous and so continued till Damascus it self was conquered by the Kings of Assyria unless perhaps that Hamath which Jeroboam the second is said to have subdued together with Damascus it self to the Crown of Israel 2 Kings 14. 28. were this Hamath Soba as perhaps it was After this nothing memorable in the Affaires of this Countrey till the time of Gallientus the Roman Emperour during whose reign amongst the rest who cantonned that Empire betwixt themselves commonly called the Thirty Tyrants O tenatus a man of great power and vertue assumed the Imperial habit and took unto himself the command of these parts of Syria together with Mesopotamia and some other Provinces which he had conquered from Savores the King of Persia against whom he had so good an hand that he discomfited him in battell seized upon his Treasures took many of his Nobles and most of his Concubines For which great Acts admitted partner in the Empire by Gallienus he was not long after slain by Maeonius his own Cousen German Who by that murder hoped to obtain the Principality of Palmyreni for by that name it was now called but in that deceived For after his death Zembia his unfortunate Widow a most masculine Ladie not onely preserved the principalitie of Palmirene for the use of her Children but took upon her both the Purple habit and the command of his Annie which she managed with great wisdome and gallantry the rest of the time of Gallienus and all the reignes of Claudius an 〈◊〉 his two next Successors But vanquished and rook Prisoner by Aurelianus who had the happiness to unite the broken limbs of that Empire into as strong a body as ever formerly she was led in Triumph thorow Rome The terrour of her name and the unusualness of the sight so heightning the general expectation ut ea specie nihil unquam esset pompabilius saith Trebelliu Pollio That never any shew was esteemed so glorious A Ladie of so strong a vertue and of such command upon her self that she
situation more amongst the Mountains had also the name of Galilea Gentium or Galilee of the Gentiles And that either because it lay betwixt the Gentiles and the rest of the Iews or because a great part of it had been gâ—ven by Solomon to the Kings of Tyre But for what cause soever it was called so first certain it is it had this name unto the last known by it in the time of the Apostles as appeareth by Saint Matthews Gospel chap. 4. ver 15. The Lower Galilee is situate on the South of the other memorable for the birth and Education of our blessed Saviour whom Iulian the Apostata called for this cause in scorn the Galilean as for the same the Disciples Generally had the name of Galileans imposed upon them till that of Christian being a name of their own choosing did in fine prevail Both or the greater part of both known in the New Testament by the name of Decapolis or Regio Decapolitant mentioned Mat. 4. 25. Mark 7. 31. So called from the ten principal Cities of it that is to say 1. Caesarea Philippi 2. Aser 3. Cedes-Nepthalim 4. Sephet 5. Chorazim 6. Capernaum 7. Bethsaiâ—â— 8. Jotopata 9. Tiberias and 10. Scythopolis By which accompt it stretched from the Mediteranean to the head of Jordan East and West and from Libanus to the hills of Gilboa North and South which might make up a square of forty miles With reference to the Tribes of Israel the whole Galilee was so disposed of that Aser Nepthalim and a part of the tribe of Dan had their habitation in the Higher Zabulom and Issachar in the Lower according to which distribution we will now describe them 1. The Tribe of NAPHTHALI was so called from NAPHTHALI the sixt Sonne of Jacob begotten on Bilhah the handmaid of Rachel of whom at their first muster were found 53400 fighting men and at the second 44540 able to bear armes The land alotted to them lay on the West-side of the River Jordan opposite to the Northen parts of Ituraea where before we left having on the East the Tribe of Aser and that of Zabulun on the South Within which tract were certain Cities which they never conquered and one which appertained to the Tribe of Dan the chief of those which were with-holden by the Gentiles being Chalcis Abila Heliopolis Cities accompted of as belonging to Coele-Syria where they have been spoken of already That which did appertain to the Tribe of DAN lay on the North-east part hereof confronting the most Northen parts of Ituraea as before was said where the Danites held one Town of moment besides many others of less note And it seemed destined to this Tribe by some old presage the Eastern fountain of Jordan which hath its originall in this tract being called Dan at the time of the defeat which Abraham gave to Cherdor laomer and his Associates hundreds of years before this Tribe had ever a possession in it Of which see Gen. 14. v. 14. The Town of moment first called Leshem by some Writers Laish afterwards subject or allied to the Kings of Sidon and upon strength thereof made good against those of Naphthali but taken by some Adventurers of the Tribe of Dan. Of whom it is said Josuah 19. 47. that finding their own Countrey too little for them they went up and fought against Leshem which they took and called D A N. Accompted after this exploit the utmost bound Northward of the land of Cantan the length thereof being measured from Dan in the North unto Beersheba in the South remarkable for one of the Golden Calves which was placed here by Ieroboam and for the two spring-heads of Iordan rising neer unto it When conquered by the Romans it was called Paneas from a fountain adjoining of that name which with the territory about it after the death of Zenodorus who held it of the Roman Empire as before is said was given by Augustus Caesar unto Herod the Great and by him at his decease to Philip his youngest Sonne with the Tetrarchy of Ituraea and Trachonitis By him repaired and beautified it was called Caesarea Philippi partly to curry favour with Tiberius Caesar partly to preserve the memory of his own name and partly to distinguish it from another Caesarea situate on the shores of the Mediterranean and called Caesarea Palestinae and being so repaired by him it was made the Metropolis of that Tetrarchy Mentioned by that name Mat. 16. 13. when Saint Peter made that confession or acknowledgement of his Lord and Master That he was CHRIST the Sonne of the living God By King Agrippa who succeeded him in his estates in honour of the Emperour Nerâ— it was called Neronia But that and the Adjunct of Philippi were of no continuance the Town being called Caesarea Paneaa in the time of Ptolomy and simply Paneas as before in the time of Saint Hierome Of this Caesarea was tha woman whom our Saviour cured of a bloody Flux by touching but the hem of his garment who in a pious gratitude of so great a mercy erected two Statuaes in this place representing CHRIST and her self kneeling at his feet remaining here entire till the time of Iulian the Apostata by whose command it was cast down and a Statua of his own set up in the place thereof miraculously destroyed by a fire from heaven the City being at that time and long time before an Episcopal See Of less note there were 1. Haleb and 2. Reccath both situate in the confines of it And not far off the strong Town and Castle of 3. Magdala the habitation as some say of Mary Magdalen where the Pharisees desired a signe of our Saviour CHRIST as is said Mat. 15. 39. and 16. 1. the same or some place neer unto it being by Saint Mark reporting the same part of the Story called Dalmanutha chap. 8. 10. 11. But whether this Castle did antiently belong to these Danites or to those of Naphthali or to the Half Tribe of Manasses beyond the River I am not able to determine Of those which were in the possession of the Tribe of NAPHTHALI the Cities of most eminent observation were 1. Hazor or Azor by Junius and Tremelius called Chatzâ—â—â— the Regal City and Metropolis of all the Canaanites memorable for the Rendez-vous of 24. Canaamâ—â— Kings in the war with Joâ—uah by whom it was taken notwithstanding and burnt to ashes But being afterwards re-built it became the Regal Seat of Jabin the King of the Canaanites who so grievously for the space of 20. years afflicted Israel till vanquished by Deborah and Barak Destroyed in that warre and repaired by Solomon it continued in so good estate in our Saviours time that it was then one of the ten Cities of Decapolis in being still but known by the name of Antiopta 2. Cape naum seated on the River Jordan where it falleth into the Sea of Galilee of which Country it was accompted the Metropolis in the time of our Saviour with whose presence
the people sowed dissentions amongst them So that the children of Ammon and Moab stood up against the inhabitants of Mount-Seir utterly to slay and destroy them and when they had made an end of the inhabitants of Mount Seir every one helped to destroy one another 4. Cerioth or Carioth the birth-place of Iudas hence sumamed Iscariot or the man of Carioth who betrayed our Saviour 5. Jether or Jatter nigh unto which was fought that memorable battell wherein Asa King of Iudah by the help of God discomfited Zerah King of the Arabians whose Army consisted of a Million of fighting men 6. Marsia the native Soyl of the Prophet Michah neer whereunto first Asa King of Iudah discomfitted the vast Army of Terah the Arabian or Ethiopian consisting of above a Million of men and afterwards Gorgias was overthrown by Iudas Maccabaeus 7. Emaus after called Nicopolis memorable for the third overthrow which Iudas gave to the said Gorgias for our Redeemers shewing himself after his Resurrection to Cleophas and another of his Disciples for the hot Bathes hereabouts which gave the name of Salntaris to this part of Palestine The sovereign vertue of which waters Sozomen a Christian attributes to the washing of Christ's feet in them as he passed by at that time but Iosephus a Iew ascribes as it is most likely unto naturall causes 8. Hasor or Chatsor one of the forntiere Towns towards Idumaea 9. Odalla or Hadullan an antient and magnificent City taken and destroyed by Josuah and long after much enlarged and beautified by Ionathan one of the Maccabees 10. Ceila or Keila where David sometimes hid himself when he fled from Saul by him delivered afterwards from the assaults of the Philistims 11. Eleutheropolis or the Free City not far from Hebron a City of later date than any of Iudah mentioned by Ptolomy and much remembred by Saint Hierome 12. Azecha not far from Emaus to which Iosuah followed Dabir the King of Eglon and his four Associates whom he discomfited in the cause and quarrell of the Gibeonites molested by them for submitting to their common Enemy Seated in the vally of Terebinth and of very great strength presuming upon which it revolted from Ioram King of Judah at the same time that Libnâ— and the Edomites had revolted from him 13. Beth-Sur or Seth-Sora that is to say the house on the Rock so called from the situation on a rocky hill one of the strongest places of Sudah Fortified first by Roboam the son of Solomon after by Iudas Maccabaeus and finally made impregnable by his brother Simeon 14. Adoram bordering on the Dead-Sea beautified also by Roboam 15. Zoar in former times called Bela but took his name from the words of Lot alleging that it was but a little one Gen. 19. 20. as the word Tsohor doth import in whose escape it was preserved being otherwise one of the five Cities of the Region called Pentapolis doomed unto destruction the other four Sodom Gomorrals Adâ—ma and Seboim being at the same time destroied by fire and brimstone 16. Massada situate on an high Mountain called Collis Achilloe an impregnable fortress built by Herod the Great in the place where Ionathan the Maccabee had sometime raised a very strong Castle Which he fortified with 27. Turrets and left therein as in a place impregnable and inaccessible a Magazine of Armes and all warlike furniture for an Army of 100000 men 17. Libna a strong City seated in a corner of Iudah running between the Tribes of Dan and Benjamin This City revolted from Ioram King of Iudah at the same time the Edomites did and continued a free State even as long as Iudab continued a Kingdome 18. Ziph in the wilderness wherein David hid himself from the fury of Saul Hither when Saul pursued him David came into his Camp the watch being all asleep and took thence his spear and a Cruse of oyl and departed Abishai indeed would fain have killed him but David though he knew that Samuel had by Gods command abdicated Saul from the Kingdome and that himself was appointed in his stead would not touch him but left him to the judgement of the Lord whose annointed he was 19. Bethlem or to distinguish it from another of this name in Zabulon so called Bethlem-Iudah where Christ was born and the Innocents suffered for him before he had suffered for them In this general Massacre of young children a sonne of Herods which was at nurse was also slain Which being told unto Augustus he replyed he had rather be Herods swine than his sonne His swine being safe in regard the Iews were forbidden hog-meat but his sonnes frequently made away upon fears and jealousies A Town for this cause had in great respect by the Primitive Christians beautified by Helen with a Stately Temple which yet standeth entire by the Lady Paula much extolled by Saint Hierome with some goodly Monasteries in one of which the body of that Father lieth and by the Western Christianâ— with a See Episcopal 20. On the frontire of this Country towards the Philistians was that strong Castle which Herod repairing called Herodium seated on a hill the ascent unto which was made with 200 steps of Marble exceeding fair and large In this Countrey also are the hils of Engaddi in a Cave of which David cut off the lap of Sauls garment and all along the bottomes whereof were the gardens of Balsamum or Opobalsamum the trees of which were by Cleopatra at such time as she governed M. Antony and the East sent for to be replanted in Heliopolis of Aegypt and Herod who durst not deny them plucked them up by the roots and sent them to her 5. The Tribe of BENIAMIN took name from the twelf and youngest sonne of Iacob by Rachel his best beloved wife who died in that Child-birth of which at the first muster neer unto Mount Sinai were numbred 35000 able men and at the second muster when they entred the Promised Land there were found of them fit for Armes 45600. persons A Tribe in great danger to have been utterly cut off by the folly of the men of Gibeah all Israel arming against it as one man For besides those that perished in the former battels there fell in one day 25000 men that drew the sword the sury of the Conquerours after that great victory sparing neither man nor beast nor any thing that came to hand and burning down all their Cities also which they came unto So great an havock was there made even of innocent maidens that when the edge of this displeasure was taken off there were not wives enough found for those few young men which had escaped the other Tribes having bound themselves by a solemn oath not to bestow their daughters on them insomuch that they were fain to provide themselves of wives of the daughters of Iabesh-Gilead a Town of the Manissites beyond Iordan which they took by assault and of the daughters of Shilo whom they took by Stratagem The whole
1517. in which Selimus the first Emperour of the Turks added the Holy Land together with Aegypt to his Empire When Hierusalem was taken by the Christians the German Emperours name was Fredericus the Popes Vrbanus the Hierosolymitan Patriarch Heraclius and so also were they called when the Christians again lost it This is the conceit of Roger Hoveden in the life of Henry the second but how it can agree with Chronology I do not see After the taking of Hierusalem by Sultan Saladine the Christians retired their forces into some of the other Towns of the Holy land which they made good against the enemy and defended them under the government of these three Kings following viz. 10. Conrade Marq. of Montferrat husband of Isabel the daughter of Almericus King of Hierusalem 11. Henry Earl of Campagne second husband of Isabel 12. John di Brenne husband of Mary or Yoland as some call her daughter of Conrade and Isabel the last Christian King that ever had possession in Syria or Palestine inhabited ever-since by Moores and Arabians few Christians and not many Turks but such as be in garrisons onely Yoland the daughter of this John di Brenne was wife to Frederick King of Naples who in her right intituled himself King of Hierusalem and so now do the Kings of Spain as heirs unto and possessors of the Kingdome of Naples Concerning which title it would not be amisse to insert this story When the warres in Queen Elizabeths time were hot between England and Spain there were Commissioners of both sides appointed to treat of peace They met at a Town of the French Kings and first it was debated in what tongue the negotiation should be handled A Spaniard thinking to give the English Commissioners a shrewd gird proposed the French tongue as most fit it being a language which the Spaniards were well skilled in and for these gentlemen of England I suppose saith he that they cannot be ignorant of the language of their fellow-subjects their Queen is Queen of France as well as of England Nay in faith my masters replyed Doctor Dale the master of the Requests the French tongue is too vulgar for a business of this secrecy and importance especially in a French Town We will rather treat in Hebrew the language of Hierusalem whereof your master is King and I suppose you are therein as well skilled as we in the French And thus much for this title The Armes of the Christian Kings in Hierusalem was Luna a cross crosser crossed Sol which was commonly called the Hierusalem Cross But for their forces and Revenues I cannot see how any estimate may be made hereof in regard they subsisted not by their own proper strength but by the Purses and the Forces of the Western Christians more or less active in that service as zeal or emulation or desire of glory were predominant in them Chief Orders of Kinght-hood in this Kingdome after the recovery thereof from the power of the Turks Were 1. Of the Sepulchre said to be instituted originally by Queen Helena the Mother of Constantine the Great by whom the Temple of the Sepulchre was indeed first built but more truly by Philip King of France Anno 1099. at such time as that Temple was regained from the Turks Their Armes the same with that of the Kings before blazoned representing the five wounds of our Saviour CHRIST At the first conferred on none but Gentlemen of blood and fortunes now saleable to any that will buy it of the Pater-Guardian who with a Convent of Franciscans doth reside neer that Temple 2. Of Saint John of Hierusalem begun by one Gerrard Anno 1114. and confirmed by Pope Paschalis the second Their badge or Cognizance is a White Crosse of eight points Their duty to defend the Holy land relieve Pilgrims and succour Christian Princes against the Insidels They were to be of noble parentage and extraction and grew in time to such infinite riches especially after the suppression of the Templars most of whose lands were after given unto this Order that they had at one time in the several parts of Christendome no fewer than 20000. Mannours and of such reputation in all Christian Kingdomes that in Enâ—land the Lord Prior of this Order was accompted the Prime Baron in the Realm But now their Revenue is not a little diminished by the withdrawing of the Kings of England and other Protestant Princes from the Church of Rome who on that change seized on all the Lands of this Order in their several Countries and either kept them to themselves or disposed them to others as they pleased Of these we shall speak more when we are in Malta where they now reside advertising onely at the present that their first Great Master was that Gerrard by whom they were founded the last that had his residence in the Holy land one John de Villiers in whose time being driven out of Palestine they removed unto Cyprus and in the time of Fulk de Villaret Anno 1309. to the Isle of Rhodes Outed of which by Solomon the Magnificent Anno 1522. they removed from one place ro another till at last by the magnificence of Charles the fift Anno 1530. they were setled in Malta and there we shall speak farther of them 3. Of the Templers instituted by Hugh of Payennes Anno 1113 and confirmed by Pope Eugenius Their ensign was a Red Cross in token that they should shed their blood to defend Christs Temple They were burried Cross-legged and wore on their backs the figure of the Cross for which they were by the common people called Cross-back or Crouch-back and by corruption Crook-back Edmund Earl of Lancaster second sonne to our Henry the third being of this Order was vulgarly called Edmund Crook-back which gave Henry the fourth a foolish occasion to faign that this Edmund from whom he was descended was indeed the eldest sonne of King Henry the third but for his crookedness and deformity his younger brother was preferred to the Crown before him These Knights had in all Provinces of Europe their subordinate governours in which they possessed on lesse than 16000 Lordships the greatness of which Revenue was not the least cause of dissolving the Order For Philip the fair king of France had a plot to invest one of his sonnes with the title of King of Hierusalem and hoped to procure of the Pope the revenue of this order to be laid unto that Kingdome for support of the Title which he might the better do because Clâ—ment the fift then Pope for the love he bare to France had transferred his feat from Rome to Avignion But herein his hopes deceived him for this Order being dissolved the lands thereto belonging were given to the Knights Hospitallers or of Saint John The crimes objected against this Order was first their revolt from their professed obedience unto the Patriarch of Jerusalem who was their visitor Secondly their unspeakable pride and thirdly their sinnes against nature The house of
either we have spoke already Towns of most observation in it 1. Bactra the Metropolis or chief City of it situate at the foot of the Mountains Sogdii giving the name of Bactria unto all the Province It is now called Bochor and still keeps the dignity of the Metropolitan the seat of the Chief-Priest or Bishop of the Mahometans of Zagathay to which this City and great part of the Countrey also doth now belong having here his residence in power and reputation equall to the King himself Well fortified and stored with all military provisions the birth-place as Maginus faith in these latter Ages of Avicenna that learned Philosopher and Physician and in the first Ages of Zoroaster the more learned Astrologer 2. Ebusmt once the Regal seat and therefore honoured by Ptolomy with the name of Regia 3. Zarispe or Charispe the chief City of the Charispae a great Tribe of this Countrey 4. Charracharta mentioned by Ptolomy and Amnaianus these two upon the River Oxus 5. Eucratidia built or repaired by the Macedonians as the name being meerly Greek doth seem to intimate 6. Alicodra as antient as the rest but of no great note in the course of business 7. Iseigias of a later date but of greater beauty than any of those before spoken of superiour to Bochor in elegancy state and greatness though not in dignity and held by some to be the pleasantest of the East This Countrey was as soon peopled as any since the generall Deluge It had not else been possible that Zoroaster King hereof in the time of Ninus and by him assaulted should bring into the field an Army of 400000 men of this and perhaps some other of the neighbouring Provinces as most credible writers say he did Encountring Ninus with this Army he prevailed at first and slew of the Assyrians neer an hundred thousand But Ninus having better opportunities of recruiting his forces invaded him a second time with an Army of 1700000 foot and 200000 horse the greatest on record in all ages since that time except that of Semiramis with which he over came Zoroaster slew him in the field and united Bactria to his Empire Unto this Zoroaster is ascribed the invention of Astronomy but on no good ground that Art or Science being studied before the flood if Seths Pillars mentioned by Josephus be of any credit and therefore probably no otherwise to be ascribed to Zoroaster than as to the Reviver of it or because he first committed that unto writing which he had received by tradition or because he brought those confused notions which he had received from others into rule and method He being slain and Bactra his chief City taken by the wit of Semiramis then the wife of Menon but on the merit of that service made the wife of Ninus the Buctrians became subject unto the Assyran Kings after to the Monarchs of the Medes and Persian In the eâ—piring of which great Monarchy Bessus a false and cruell Traitor did command this Province and having villainously stain Darius his Lord and Master assumed unto himself the title of King of Persiaâ— under the name of Artâ—xenxes But being betrayed by Spitamenes one of his Confederates by him delivered unto Alexander and by Alexander put to a cruell death the Bactrians became subject to the Macedonians and in that right unto Seleucus and the Kings of Syria But long it held not in that State one Theodatus who formerly had the Governmâ—ent of it for the Syrian Kings taking unto himself the title of king and the possession of the Countrey about the same time that Arsaces and the Parthians made the like revolt Wrested from his posterity by one Enthydemus the recovery of it was attempted by Antiochus Magnus and the whole cause put to the trial of a barrel In which though Antiochus had the better and shewed more personal valor in it than any time after yet he was glad to come to a composition and left to Euthydemus both the Crown and the Countrey Made not long after an accession to the Parthian Kingdome it continued part thereof whilest that Kingdome stood and in the time of Ptolomy as long time before had for the chief tribes or nations of it the Salatarae and Zariaspae towards the North the Comani or Coamoni as Pliny calleth them dwelling in the South the middle parts being taken up by the Thocari said to be gens magna the Scorde Savadii Maricae Tambyzi Amarispe and others of as little note In the often changes and alterations of the Persian State one of the last Nations which submitted to the new Pretenders and at this time so neutrall betwixt the Persians and the Cham of Tartary that it is wholly under the power of either More averse from the Persian government since the alteration of Religion made there by Hysinael and the rest of the Sect of Mortis Halt these Bactrians being of the old race of Mahometans which adhered to Haumar Osmen and Abubecher as the true Successours of their false Prophet and therefore ill-affected to the Sophian faction whom they call commonly Caphars or Hereticks for the innovations by them made in the Law of Mahomet Thus having taken a survey of those several Provinces which constitute the Persian Empire and shewn by what means they were first united into one estate we must next look upon the names and actions of those mighty Monarchs who have successively and from time to time enjoyed the Soveraignty By what good chance Arbaces from a Deputy or Lieutenant of Media obtained the Diademe for himself we have shewn before and we have shewn how liberally he enfeoffed the Vice-Roys of the severall Provinces which in the division made betwixt him and Belochus fell unto his share in the propriety and command of those Countreys which before they held Nothing reserved unto himself and his posterity but the title onely and perhaps some acknowledgments made to them as the Lords in chief Nor left he less liberty to his own Medians than to the rest of the Provinces which turning to licenciousness was so hurtful to them that they were glad at last of that wholesome severity which Deioces a more Lordly King began to exercise who taking to himself a guard building the Royall City of Ecbatana and fortifying some other places of importance first brought the people under the command of law in that regard not unfitly called by Herodotus the first King of the Medes Kings of the Medes A. M 3146. 1. Arbaces at first Governour of the Medes under Sardanapalus the Assyrian but joining with Belochus overcame his Master and was the first founder of the Mâ—dian Monarchy 3174. 2. Mandanes the sonne of Arbaces 50. 3224. 3. Sisarmus 30. 3254. 4. Medidus by some called Artyras 25. 3279. 5. Cardicceus whom some call Arbianes 13. 3292. 6. Deioces the founder of Ecbatana and the Legislator of the Medes whom he first brought under the command of Law and a Regal Government the former Kings
Southwards in the Latitude of 28. But what it loseth in Antiquity it hath got in honor the Town and Territory being a peculiar Kingdome till Echebar the Mogul subdued it Anno 1598 in his passage from Lahor to Decan But it lost nothing by the hand For Echebar delighted in the situation of it and that withall it stood in the middest of his Kingdomes made it the Seat Royall of his Empire fixt there for the most part ever since by means whereof exceedingly increased in wealth beauty and greatness the very Castle in which the Mogul usually resideth being two miles in compass environed with most high and unscalable walls and fortified with great store of Ordinance The whole space betwixt it and Fatipore being 18. miles affirmed to be a continuall Market and all the Intervall from hence to the Town of Lahor from which distant 600 miles towards the South adorned with continuall Rowes of Trees on both sides of the wayes most of them bearing a kind of Mulberâ—y and at every ten miles end houses erected by the King or some of the Nobles for beautifying the way to the Regall City preserving their own memory and the safe lodging of Passengers in danger otherwise by night of Theeves and Cut-throats 3. Hendee a Town more towards the South beautified with a fair Castle of the Kings cut out of the main Rock and wrought with carved work round about fortified with 50 peeces of Ordinance and thought impregnable for that cause made a Prison for great persons Here are also two Hospitals for such Captains and Captains only as are maimed in the wars 4. Beani twelve course or 18. miles from Fattipore the most noted place for Indico in all the Indies for the making whereof they have here twelve mills Which Indico by the way groweth on a small shrub like our Goose-berry-bushes bearing seed like a Cabbage-seed which being cut down are laid in heaps for half a year and when rotten brought into a vault to be trodden with Oxen from the Stalks and being ground small and fine at the Mills is last of all boiled in furnaces refined and sorted 6 SANGA SANGA is bounded on the North with the East parts of the Realm of Agra on the South and West with Cambaia from which parted on the West by the Mountain Gate and on the East with Oristan The reason of the name I find not this Country being too far South to be so called from Sangalassa a Town of chief note neer the fountains of Indus where placed by Arianus lib. 5. Places of most importance in it 1. Azmere or Agimer 180 miles from Agra At the end of every course each course a mile and an half a fair pillar erected and at every tenth course a fair Seraglio such as we call Innes for the entertainment of Travellors All built by Echebar who wanting Children is said to have gone in Pilgrimage on foot from Arra to Azimere saying his prayers at the end of every course and lodging all night at the tenth 2. Citor the chief City of Sanga and once a Kingdome of it self or the chief of that Kingdome Situate in the midle way betwixt Surat a known Port of Cambata and Agra spoken of before and most magnificently built on the top of a rocky hill to which the passage is so narrow and so well fortified there being in it three Gates at the top the middle and the bottom that thereby and by other advantages of Art and nature it was thought impregnable Affirmed to he 12 miles in compass beautified with many goodly buildings both publique and private but once more glorious than it is here being to be seen the ruins of 100 Temples and above 100000 houses either demolished by the wars or suffered to decay by the great Moguls who would not willingly have any thing in the Indies of more Antiquity than themselves and therefore are rather inclined to build new Cities than uphold the old The greatness and Antiquity of it have made some men think that it was the Royall Seat of Porus. Others affirm the same of Delly but neither rightly the Kingdome of Porus lying more towards the River Indus and not so far South Governed not long since by a Queen called Crementina not more fair than valiant who revolting from Badurius King of Cambaia to whom she formerly had paid tribute was dispossessed of the Town of Citor where she had fortified her self with 30000. foot and 2000 horse the People in a desperate resolution laying all their treasures on an heap which they burnt together with themselves in which flame it is said that there perished 70000 persons But the Cambatan did not long enjoy his victory For not long after both the City and a great part of the Countrey was conquered by the great Mogul the mountainous parts hereof being held against him by Ramee the Sonne or successor of Qu. Crementina till seeing himself destitute of all better helps he put himself into the hands of one of the Sonnes of the late Sultan by whom reconciled unto his Father Some other Towns there are in this Province and in that of Agra before mentioned and those of good esteem perhaps amongst the natives but of no observation or importance in the course of business 7 CAMBAIA CAMBAIA hath on the East Delly and part of Mandao on the West Gedrosia a Province of the Persian Empire on the North Dulsinda and the rest of Mandao on the South the main Ocean and some part of Decan It lieth on both sides of the Indus and is so called from Cambaia the chief Province of it The whole divided into 1. Sinda 2. Guzarate and 3. Cambaia specially so called 1. SINDA hath on the East the River Indus by which separated from Mandao on the North that part of Sanga which is called Dulsinda on the West parts of Gedrosia and Guzarate and on the South the rest of Guzarate onely coasting along the Western banks of the River Indus whence it had the name that River being now called Sind as was said before And for this reason as I take it the Western part of Sanga lying North of this took the name of Dulsinda and not Dulcinda with a C as most commonly written The Country for the generality very rich and fertile but in some places nothing but a sandy Desart inhabited for the most part by wild Asses Foxes Deer and some wilder beasts but none so wild as the Caelies a robbing nation so numerous withall that they sometimes rob whole Caravans as they pass that way notwithstanding the many Forts and Castles built of purpose to secure those passages Places of most importance in it 1. Tutta or Gutu Nagar Tutta on the banks of Indus a Town of great trade but most frequented by the Portugals who here receive such Indian commodities as come down the water from Labor returning Pepper in exchange which they bring up the River from their other Factories 2. Lawribander at the mouth or out-let
nor much worth the searching The Countrey hath a fair Sea-Coast with many capacious Harbors to it which cannot but adde much to the wealth thereof as liberally furnished in the in-land parts with Rice Figs and Sugars but destitute of Wheat Pulse and Barley Not much the poorer for that want the people either not knowing or not regarding the use of bread but living on such fruits as the earth produceth of it self without the charge or care of the husband-man In other things but little differing if at all from the rest of the 〈◊〉 their Religion for the most part Paganiâ—h but intermixt with Mahometans Principall Towns and Cities of it 1. Meâ—inde a commodious Haven 2. Onor a Port-Town of good note sometimes held by the Portugals 3. Buicalia situate in the richest part of all this Country never possessed by the Portugals but under contribution to them 4. Mangalor a town of great wealth and trade fortified with a strong Castle once destroyed by the Portugueze but recovered and repaired by the King of Narsinga who is Lord of this Country 5. Mayendre more within the land And so is also 6. Lispar famous for her Quarries of Adamant 7. Solsette in a Peninsula of 20 miles compass containing 36. Villages and 80000 Inhabitants the Town about 9 miles from Goa and subject with the whole Peninsula to the Portugals This Country is now subject to the Kings of Narsinga but formerly under the command of its own Princes the name of Canara compreheading in those times all that Countrey also which is now called Decan Conquered by Sa Nosaradine and Abdessa and by Mamudza cantoned into many Praefectures this part reverting to its old name fell to the Narsingan who taking his advantages in the minority of one of their Princes became Master of it And when the Idalcan for I take that not so much for the name of a man as a Title of dignity quarrelled his possession of it as appertaining properly to the Kingdomes of Decan Chrismarao then King of Narsinga brought a powerfull Advocate to defend his right that is to say an Army of 606000 Foot 29650 Horse and 537 Elephants every Elephant having a Tower on his back with four men in it with which strong Argument the Idalean being confuted in the Schooles of war with much difficulty saved himself though he lost his cause the Narsingan ever since continuing quiet in the possession of this Country except onely some of the Sea-Towns in the power of the Portugals Who in the year 1567 destroyed in those few places by them possessed no fewer than 200 of their Idol-Temples with many of their Pagodes or Idols in them converting the Rents and Lands which belonged unto them with the Revenues raised from the severall Ports which they hold herein to the maintenance of a College of Jesuites in Salsette and other Religious houses founded by them in their other Cities 10. MALABAR MALABAR is bounded on the North with Canara from which parted by the River Gangeraco on the East with the great Mountain Gates by which divided from the Realm of Narsinga on the West and South with the main Ocean On the Coast whereof it doth extend for the space of 300 miles that is to say from the River Gangeraco to the Cape Comori which I conceive to be the Commaria Extrema of Ptolomy though others take it for the Promontory by him called Cory But the breadth hereof is nothing answerable to the length not above 50. miles where broadest and ending towards the Cape in a point or Conus The Country more populous for the bigness than any in India enjoying a very temperate Air and a fruitfull Soyl well watered and indented with many Creeks unfit for Corn but plentifull in Rice and all manner of Spices as Ginger Cinnamon Cassia Pepper and most excellent fruits Amongst their Trees there is one whose name my Author speaks not which bears Dates like unto the Palm out of which they have not onely wood for Fewell but they draw from it wine sugar oyl fine cloth and cordage another tree which beareth Cotton and Cypress or Cobweb-lawn of the leaves whereof they make a fine stuff like to Sattin or Taffata They have also great store of Apes and Monkeyes Parats Paraquitoes and other Creatures not known in these parts but from thence not to say any thing of their Lions Elephants Bears Bugles common to them with others of their Indian neighbours The flowers there alwayes in their Verdure and the Trees perpetually green by reason that the Air is so sweet and temperate The people are of coal-black colour differing therein from the rest of the Indians swarth and complexioned like the Olive well limbed and wearing their hair long and curled about their heads an hankerchief wrought with gold and silver and about their middle a cloth which hangeth down to conceal their nakedness Of manners treacherous and bloody more properly to be termed desperate than stout and valiant and for more surety in their wars they use poisoned Arrows as they do also in their theeving both by Sea and Land to which more addicted In Religion for the most part Gentiles and more besotted generally on their Idolatries than the rest of these Nations The Pagode or Idol which they worship seated upon a brazen throne and crowned with a rich Diadem From his head issue out four horns from his mouth four Tusks his eyes fiery like a Glow-worm his nose flat and ugly his visage terrible his hands like claws his legs and thighs like those of a Lion In a word we cannot paint the Devill in a more ugly figure than they do their God Unto this Pagode or his Priest they offer the virginity of all their daughters the Pagode having in the place of his privy parts a Bodkin of gold and silver upon which the Bride maried most commonly at ten or twelve years of Age is forcibly set the sharpness of it being such that it forceth out the blood in great abundance and if she prove with child that year it is said to be of his begetting and the more esteemed Others with more humanity instead of torturing their daughters to this wretched Idol parallell almost to the offering of their sonnes to Moloch amongst the Syrians present them to the Bramini or Idol-Priest to be deflowred the first night of the wedding and without one of these two handsels no man is suffered to enjoy the use of his wife not their Kings themselves More privileged yet than many women neighbouring on them in that they are not compelled to burn themselves with their husbands bodies but may have many Husbands either successively or at once as they list themselves and if at once she sends her children to that husband as we know who did who she thinks to have the best right to them The Country very well watered as we said before and parted by large Rivers into many Provinces as if intended naturally to be cantonned into many
Kingdomes Divided at present and long since into those of 1. Cononor 2. Calecut 3. Granganor 4. Chochin 5. Cai-Colam 6. Coulan and 7. Travancor 1. CONONOR joineth to Canara extending Southward on the shore about 20 miles where is bordereth on the Kingdome of Calicut The chief Cities of which 1. Cononor giving name to the whole Kingdom well built and beautified with a very fair Haven not more safe than spacious capacious of the greatest vessels and for that cause much frequented by forein Merchants but specially by the Portugals who for the assuring of their trade have here a Citadel erected and well garrisoned with the Kings consent 2. Cota not far from Cangeraco the border betwixt this and Canara 3. Peripatan on the confines of Calicute 4. Marabia 5. Tramopatan 6. Main intermediate Towns but not much observable 2. CALICVTE South from Cononor extending on the Sea-shore 25 Leagues and situate in the most pleasant and fruitfull part of all Malabar Chief Towns whereof 1. Pandaram on the skirts of Cononor 2. Tanor a retiring place of the Kings 3. Patangale 4 Chatua on the borders of Cranganor 5. Chale a strong peece once in the hands of the Portugueze but in the year 1601 recovered by the King of Calicute who had besieged it with an Army of 90000 men 6. Capacote the Haven to Calicute 7. Calicute the chief City of the Kingdom to which it gives name in length upon the Sea three miles and a mile in breadth containing about 6000 houses but standing some of them far asunder mean and low-built few of them exceeding the height of a man on horse-back the soil being so hollow and full of water that it is not capable of the foundation of an heavier building for that cause unwalled Insomuch that Merchants houses are here valued but at 20. Crowns those of the common sort at no more than ten Which notwithstanding of great trading and much frequented by Arabians Persians Syrians Indians yea the very Tartars these last from the furthest parts of Cathaâ— 6000 miles distant The common Staple in those times of all Indian Merchandise till distracted into severall Ports by the power of the Portugaâ—s who being more industrious and better Architects have forced a foundation on the shore for a very strong Castle by which they do command the Haven and receive custome of all Merchandise going in and out The inconvenience whereof being found by the King of Calicute he besieged it with 100000 men and though the Portugals held it out a whole winter together yet in the end they were fain to quit it but first den olished it to the ground that it might not be made usefull to those of Calicute A City of exceeding wealth and of no less wantonness the men here using to change wives with one another to confirm their Amities the women spending their whole time in adorning themselves with Rings and Jewels about their ears necks legs arms and upon their brests though going naked for the most part one would think that a little dressing might suffice them If covered it is onely with a smock of Calicut a kind of linnen cloth here made and from hence so called and that not used but by those of the better sort 3. CRANGANOR lieth on the South of Calicute a small Kingdom and affording little worth the speaking of but that a great part of the Inhaâ—itants of it are of those old Christians whom they call Christians of Saint Thomas Cranganor the chief City which gives name to the whole assumed to be so full of them that they amount unto the number of 70000 vexed and exposed to publique scorn both by the Idâ—laters and Mahometans amongst whom they live The City rich commodiously built for trade at the mouth of a River which watering with his crooked streams the most part of the Country makes it fat and flourishing 4. COCHIN more South than Cranganor extended on the shore for the space of 40. Leagues and therein many Christians of the first plantation besides some converts made of later times by the Jesuâ—tes Towns of most note herein 1. Augamale the Arch-Bishops Sce of those antient Christians fifteen miles from Cochin 2. Cochin a Bishops See but of later erection and the chief City of this Kingdome which takes name from hence Situate on the mouth or out-let of the River Mangat by which almost encompassed like a Demy-Iland Of great trade in regard of its Haven very safe and spacious as also by the friendship of the Portugal Nation By whose power and favor they have not onely freed themselves from the King of Calicute to whom before they did acknowledge some subjection but drawn from thence a great part of the trafick also this King permitting them to erect a Castle on the Haven to secure their trade which the other on good reasons of State forced them to destroy The King hereof in some respect superiour unto him of Calicute when a Vassal to him this King being the Pipe or Cheif Bishop as it were of all the Bramines for which cause reverenced by all the Kings of Malabar as the Pope by many Princes of these Western parts who look upon him as the head of their superstitâ—or no pay him many Annuall duties 5. CAI-COLAM is on the South of Cochin with which agreeing both in the temper of the Air and the fertility of the Earth which notwithstanding the King hereof is not so rich as his other neighbours Here live also mary of the old Christians taking name from Saint Thomas but those so destitute of Priests and Ministers to instruct them in the Principles of Christianity that once in three years there came some formerly from the Patriarch of Muzall in Assyria to baptize their children Better I hope provided for in these later daies since their embosoming and reconcilement to the Church of Rome Their chief Town of the same name with the Country hath a very fair Haven in the fashion of a Semi-Circle well traded till destroyed by the Portugals but since that re-edified Of less note there are many both Towns and Villages but such as do deserve here no particular mention 6. COVLAN upon the South of Cai-Colam extended 20. Leagues more Southwards upon the Shores is said to be destitute of corn but plentifull of pepper and most sorts of spices So stored with Horses and sit Riders to serve upon them that the King hereof keeps 20000 Horse in continuall readiness either for invasion or Defence This Kingdome as the rest before takes name from the chief City of it which is called Coulan 24. miles from Cochin and once a member of this Kingdome of great resort by forein Merchants by reason of the fair and commodious Haven In former times the ordinary Seat of the Cobritin or chief Priest of the Bramines till removed to Cochin and held to be the Metropolis or mother City of all Malabar the rest being thought to be but Colontes of this Both in the City and the
the shores adjoyning and receiving withall the Law of Mahomet they began to cast off all subjection to the Kings of Siam to whom the sonne and Successor of Pâ—ramisera had submitted his new-raised kingdom and became their Homager Incensed wherewith the Sâ—amite about the year 1500 sent out a Navy of 200 Sail to distress it by Sea and an Army of 30000 men and 400 Elephants to besiege it by land But before he was able to effect any thing hindred by Tempests and the insolencies of some of his Souldiers the Portugals in the year 1511 under the conduct of Albuquerque had possessed themselves of it who built there a Fortress and a Church And though Alodâ—nus the sonne of the expelled King whose name was Mahomet endeavoured the regaining of his Estate and that the Saracens Hollanders and the kings of For and Achen two neighbouring Princes envying the great fortunes of the Portugals have severally and successively laboured to deprive them of it yet they still keep it in defiance of all opposition which hath been hitherto made against them 2. North unto that of Malaca lieth the kingdome of YOR IOR or IOHOR so called of Jor or Johor the chief City of it Inhabited for the most part by Moores or Saracens Mahometanism by their means prevailing on the Natives of the Country also A Kingdom of no great extent but of so much power that joining his Land-forces with the Navy of the King of Achen he besieged Malaca and built a Royall Fort before it in which when taken by Paul de Lima by the defeat of this king were found 900 pieces of brass Ordnance After this picking a quarrel with the king of Pahan he burnt his houses barns provisions and the Suburbs of the City it self but in the course of his affairs was interrupted by the King of Achen one of the Kings in the Isle of Sumatra his old confederate who after 29 daies siege took the City of Jor. What afterwards became of this king or kingdom I am not able to resolve In former times it did acknowlege him of Siam for the Lord in chief 3. More North-ward yet lieth the kingdome of PATANE denominated from Patane the chief City of it but different from Patane in the other India as Cleveland in York-shire from Cleveland in Germany or Holland in the Low-Countries from Holland in Lincoln hire as hath been fully shewn before The City made of wood and Reed but artificially wrought and composed together the Mesquit onely most of the people being Mahometans is built of brick The Chinois make a great part of the Inhabitants of it insomuch that in this small City there are spoke three languages viz. the Chinese used by that people the Malayan or language of Malaca which is that of the Natives and the Siam to the King whereof this small Crown is Feudatary Built of such light stuff and combustible matter it must needs be in great danger of fire and was most miserably burnt in the year 1613 by some Javan Slaves in revenge of the death of some of their Fellows at which time the whole City was consumed with fire the Mesquit the Queens Court and some few houses excepted onely The Country governed of late years by Queens who have been very kind to the English and Hollanders granting them leave to erect their Factories in Patane Not memorable for any great exploit by them performed but that a late Queen a little before that dismall fire offended with the King of Pan or Pahan who had maried her Sister and reigned in a little Iland not farre off she sent against him a Fleet of 70 Sail and 4000 men by which compelled to correspond with her desires he brought his Queen and her children with him to make up the breach 4. The Kingdom of SIAM strictly and specially so called is situate on the main-land the rest before described being in the Chersonese betwixt Camboia on the East Pegu on the West the kingdome of Muantay on the North and the main Ocean on the South The chief Cities of it 1. Socotai memorable for a temple made wholly of mettall 80. spans in height raised by one of the Kings it being the custome of this Country that every king at his first coming to the Crown is to build a Temple which he adorneth with high Sâ—eples and many Idols 2. Quedoa renowned for the best Pepper and for that cause very much frequented by forreign Merchants 3. Tavay upon the Sea-coast where it joineth to Pegu. Whence measuring along the shores till we come to Champa before mentioned being all within the Dominions of the king of Siam not reckoning the Chersonese into this Accompt we have a Seacoastof the length of 600 Leagues 4. Lugor upon the sea-side also neer that little Isthmus which joineth the Cherson se to the land from whence to Malaca is 600 miles sail all along the coast 5. Calantan the head City of a little kingdome but subject to the Crown of Siam 6. Siam the chief City of this part of the kingdome which it giveth this name to A goodly City and very commodiously seated on the River Menam for trade and merchandise So populous and frequented by forreign nations that besides the natives here are said to be thirty thousand housholds of Arabians The Houses of it high built by reason of the Annual deluge during which time they live in the Upper rooms and unto every house a boat for the use of the familie Those of the poorer sort dwell in little sheds made of reed and timber which they remove from place to place for the best convenience of their markets And yet so strong that being besiged by the Tanguan Conqueror then king of Pegu Anno 1567 with an Army of fourteen hundred thousand fighting men for the space of 20 moneths together it resolutely held good against him not gained at last by force but treason one of the Gates being set open to him in the dead time of the right and by that means the City taken The people hereof are thought to be inclining to Christianity but hitherto so ill instructed in the principles of it that they maintain amongst many other strange opinions that after the end of 2000 years from what time I know not the world shall be consumed with fire and that under the ashes of it shall remain two egs out of which shall come one man and one woman who shall people the world anew 5. MVANTAY the last of these Kingdomes lieth betwixt Jangoma and Siam memorable for nothing more then the City of Odia or Vdiâ— the principal of all the Kingdomes of Siam and the usual residence of those Kings Situate on the banks of the River Caâ—pumo and containing in it 400000 Inhabitants of which 50000 are trained to the warres and in continual reâ—diness for prelent service For though this King be Lord of nine several Kingdomes yet he useth none of them in his wars but the naturall Siamites and those of
Much given to Piracy and all Idolaters till of late Governed by many Kings or petit Princes the cause of much contention and many quarrels three of which are said to have been converted to Christianity and for that cause much hated by their heathenish Subjects who thereupon rebelled against them It is situate West of the Moluccos and hath therein a Town called Sion honoured with the abode of one of their Christian Kings but possibly not so called untill their conversion the proper name thereof being Cian 2. Nibon in the South and 3. Terolli in the North parts of it 2. GILOLO called also â—atachina is one of those Islands which our late Navigators include under the name of Del Mor. Of large extent conceived to be half as bigge as Italy By that accompt the truth whereof I do very much doubt greater than Zeâ—lan is in compass though of less reputation that being governed by its own Princes this subject for the most part to the king of Ternate Situate East of the Moluccos exceeding plentiful of Rice well stored with wild hens and on the shores provided of a kind of Shell-fish which in tast much resembleth mutton A tree they have which they call by the name of Sagâ—â— of the pith whereof they make their bread and of the sap or juice of it they compose a pleasing drink which serveth them instead of wine The air intemperately hot the people well proportioned but rude and savage some of them Gentiles some Malomeâ—ans of which last Religion is their king The chief Town of it is Batchame or Batachina whence the new name unto the Iland in which the Hollanders have a Fort to defend their Factory 3. AMBOINA South of the Aequator and the third of the Sinda hath many Ilands of less note which depend upon it and do communicate in the name In compass about five hundred miles said by Maginus to be extremely rough and barren which must be understood with reference to some kinds of grain For otherwise it is very fertile abundantly productive of Rice Citrons Limons Orenges Coquo-nuts Sugar-Canes and other fruits and very plentiful of Cloves Which last as it makes some to reckon it amongst the Moluccos so may it be the reason why the Iland is defective in such fruits as require much moisture the Clove being of so hot a temper as before was noted that it draweth to it all the moisture of the Earth which is neer unto it The people much given to Piracy wherewith they do infest all the neighboring Ilands Defamed for Cannibals or man-caters it being here a constant custome that when their parents are grown old or sick of any incurable disease they give them unto one another to be eaten by them They have one Town of more note than other which they call Amboyna by the name of the Iland First taken by the Portugals and by them secured with a strong fortress during whose power here the Jesuites who had in it their several Residences converted many to Christianity But in the year 1605. the Iland and the Fort both were conquered by Stephen of Hagan for the States of the united Provinces who having cleered the Countrey of the Portugal Forces possessed themselves of it Received by the natives at their first comming with joy and triumphs but they got little by the change as they found soon after their new Masters being more burden some and unsufferable than the old had been For claiming in the right of conquest they think they may oppress the Natives by the law of Arms and ingross all trade unto themselves as the true Proprietaries Infamous even amongst the rude and savage Indians for their barbarous inhumanity executed upon some of the English the greatest Patrons under God which they have in the world whom in the year 1618 they most cruelly tortured and most wickedly murdered under colour of some plot to betray their Fortress but in plain truth for no other reason but because they were more beloved by the Inhabitants and began to gain upon their trade 4. West of Amboina and South-west of Celebes lieth the 4th of these Ilands called MACASSAR said to contain from East to West 600 miles plentiful of Rice Flesh Fish Salt and Cotton-wool not destitute of Gold and Pearls and well stored with Sanders Sandalum it is called in Lâ—tin a medicinal wood growing like a Nut-tree of several colours white red yellow but the red the best the fruit in making like a Cherry but of no esteem In some parts overgrown with woods in which certain fierie Flies make nightly such shining light as if every twig or bough were a burning Candle In the midle covered with high Mountains out of which flow many navigable Rivers The people for the most part Gentiles intermixt on the Sea-coasts with some Mahometans Chief Towns hereof 1. Senderem the Kings Seat situate neer a large Lake very commodiously for trafick 2. Macassar an English Factorie so called according to the name of the Iland Neer to these Islands and somewhat North to Battachina are some other Isles plentiful of all things necessary for the life of man but inhabited by a theevish and Piratical people the principal of which 1. Terrao 2. Sanguin 3. Solor 4. Moratay in which last they eat Battata Roots instead of bread besides some others of less note Most of the People Gentiles except those of Sangum the King whereof being gained to the Christian Faith by some of the Jesuites hath brought many of his subjects to the same Religion 6. BORNEO WEst of these Celebes lieth BORNEO of more note and greatness than any hitherto described in these Indian Seas In compass after their accompt who speak most sparingly 2200 miles but as some say no less than three moneths sayl about Situate under the Aequator which parteth the dominions of the King of Borneo and the King of Laus opposite on the North to Camboia on the South to Java on the East to Celebes on the West unto the Isle of Sumatra The Countrey said to be provided naturally of all things necessary yet said withall to be unfurnished of Asses Oxen herds of Cattell except only horses and those but of small stature neither the greatest riches of it being Camphire Agâ—trick and some mines of Adamants Erroneously conceived by Mercator to be the Insula bonae Fortunae spoken of by Ptolomy that being seated opposite to the out-lets of Ganges in the Latitude of a hundred fourty five Degrees and fifteen minutes this Eastward some Degrees of the Golden Chersonese and consequently twenty degrees Distant at the least from that Iland in Ptolomy The people generally more white than the rest of the Indians of good wits and approved integrity though all Mahometans or Gentiles Divided betwixt two Kings and two Religions the King of Borneo and his Subjects being all Mahometans those of Laus still remaining in their antient Gentilisim These think the Sun and Moon to be man and wife
please might be preserved in Egypt on pillars of brass or stone or otherwise transmitted by tradition unto Cham the Father of Mizraim by whom this Country was first planted after the Confusion of Babel But that old stock of Kings and People being destroyed in the general Deluge the Children of Mizraim succeeded next in their desolate dwellings yet so that the posterity of Chus and Lâ—habim two others of the sons of Cham had their shares therein From the first of which descended the Inhabitants of those parts of Egypt which lay along the shores of the Red-Sea or Golf of Arabia in which respect not only one of the Nomi or Divisions bordering on the Isthmus had the name of Arabia but the people dwelling on those shores were called Arabes divided into the Arabes Azarei and Arabes Adei And from the other came that mixture of Nations called Liby-Aegyptii or Libyans and Egyptians intermixt together inhabiting in Maraeotica and the Western parts But though these People were derived from several Ancestors they made one Nation in the totall Subject to Mizraim as their chief and after his decease unto his Successors in the Kingdom of Egypt Concerning whom we may observe that in Cham our greatest Antiquaries finde the name of Iupiter Hammon Mizraim they guess to be Osiris the great God of Egypt To him succeeded Typhon not by right of blood but by usurpation Who dispossed by Lehabim the brother of Mizraim whom the Greeks call Hercules Egyptius the Kingdom was restored to Orus the son of Osiris During the time of these few Princes hapned all those things which are recorded in the Scriptures concerning Egypt from the first going down of Abraham in the time of Osiris to the advancement of Ioseph in the Reign of Orus in which there passed the 15. 16. 17. Dynasties of Regal Vice Royes Lieutenants only as I take it to those mighty Princes The Kings themselves called generally by the name of Pharaoh though they had all their proper and peculiar names as afterwards their Successors here had the name of Ptolomy and the Roman Emperours that of Caesar Not troubling our selves therefore with their many Dynasties we will lay down the Succession of their Kings as well as we can the disagreement of Historians and Chronologers touching this Succession being irreconcileable The Pharaohs or Kings of Egypt of Egyptian Race A. M. 1. Mizraim the son of Cham by the Gricians called Osiris in whose time Abraham went into Egypt 2 Typhon an Usurper 3 Orus the son of Osiris restored unto the Kingdom by his Uncle Lehabim the Advancer of Ioseph 2207. 4 Amasis Themosis or Amos in whose time Iacob went down into Egypt 25. 2233. 5 Chebron 12. 2245. 6 Amenophis or Amenophthis 21. 2266. 7 Amarsis the sister of Amenophthis 22. 2288. 8 Mephres 2300. 9 Mespharmuthesis 25. 2325. 10 Thamosis or Thuthmosis 10. 2335. 11 Amenophthis II. supposed to be Memnon and the Vocal Statue 31. 2366. 12 Orus II. the Busiris of the Grecians a bloody Tyrant who commanded the male-children of Israel to be slain 37. 2403. 13 Acencheres by some called Thermutis the daughter of Amenophthis the second and afterwards the wife of Orus who preserved Moses 12. 2416. 14 Rathosis the son of Orus 6. 2422. 15 Acencherus 12. 2449. 16 Cenchres by some called Arenasis Bocchoris by others drowned in the Red-Sea with his horse and chariots 16. 2453. 17 Acherres 8. 2462. 18 Cherres 10. 1472. 19 Armais by the Grecians called Danaus whose 50. daughters being married to the 50. sons of his brother Egyptos murdered their husbands for which cause Danaus being forced out of Egypt passed into Greece where attaining to the Kingdom of Argos he gave unto the Grecians the name of Danai 1575. 20 Rameses surnamed Egyptus the brother of Danaus 1550. 21 Amenophthis III. 2590. 22 Sethos or Sesothis 55. 2645. 23 Rhapsaces or Ranses 66. 2711. 24 Amenophthis IV. 40. 2751. 25 Rameses II. 26. 2777. 26 Thuoris 7. After whose death succeeded a Race of twelve Kings called the Diospolitani who held the Kingdom for the space of 177 yeares their names we find not but that one of the latest of them whose daughter Solomon married was called Vaphra and perhaps Ogdoos who removed the Royal Seat from Thebes to Memphis might be another and the eighth as his name importeth 2961. 39 Smendes the Sisac of the Scriptures who made War upon Rehoboam the son of Solomon conceived to be the Sesostris of Herodotus and others of the ancient Writers Of whom it is reported that being a king of great wealth and puissance he had brought under subjection all his neighbouring Princes whom he compelled in turns to draw his Chariot It hapned that one of these unfortunate Princes cast his eye many times on the Coach wheels and being by Sesostris demanded the cause of his so doing he replyed that the falling of that spoke lowest which but just before was in the height of the wheel put him in minde of the instability of Fortune The King deeply weighing the parable would never after be so drawn in his Chariot He also was the first that encountred the Scythians in battel having already in conceit conquered them before he led his Army against them The Scythians much marvelled that a King of so great Revenues would wage War against a Nation so poor with whom the fight would be doubtful the Victory unprofitable but to be vanquished a perpetual infamy and disgrace For their parts they resolved to meet him as an Enemy whose overthrow would enrich them When the Armies came to joyn the Egyptians were discomfited and pursued even to their own doors by the Enemy But the Scythians could not enter the Countrey because of the â—ens with whose passage they were unacquainted and so they returned 2987. 40 Pseusenes conceived to be the Cheops of Herodotus founder of the vast Pyramis before described 41. 3028. 41 Nepher-Cherres 4. 3032. 42 Amnoiphtis V. 3041. 43 Opsochon the Asychis of Herodotus 3047. 44 Psamuchos 9. 3056. 45 Psusennes II. 14. 3070. 46 Sesonchis 21. 3091. 47 Vsorthon 15. 3106. 48 Takellotis 13. 3119. 49 Patubastis 40. 3159. 50 Osorchon the second Hercules Aegyptius as some will have it 8. 3167. 51 Psamnis 15. 3185. 52 Bochoris called So 2 King 17. 4. taken and burnt by Sabacon the King of Ethiopia 44. 3229. 53 Sabacon King of Ethiopia 8. 3238. 54 Sevachus son of Sabacon 14. 3252. 55 Tarachon falsly supposed to be the Therah of the Scriptures 18. 3270. 56 Stephinates 7. 3277. 57 Niclupses 6. 3288. 58 Psamniticus who first made the Grecians acquainted with Egypt 54. 3335. 59 Necho who slew Josiah at the battel of Megiddo 25. 3360. 60 Psamnis II. 6. 3366. 61 Aprios called Hophra Ier. 44 subdued by Nebuchadnezzar and deposed by Amasis 25. 3391. 62 Amasis II. 44. 3435. 63 Psamnites or Psamniticus II. a King of six moneths only vanquished by Cambyses the second Monarch of Persia who united Egypt to that Empire under which
it continued till the time of Darius the sixth King of the Medes and Persians in the II. year of whose reign it revolted from him and became a kingdom of it self as in former times 3555. 64 Amyrtaeus the first King after the Revolt 6. 3561. 65 Nepherites 6. 3567. 66 Achoris 12. 3579. 67 Psamnites III 1. 3580. 68 Nepherites II. a King of two moneths only 69 Nectanebos 18. 3598. 70 Teos 2. 3600. 71 Nectanebos II. the last King of the natural Egyptian race that ever governed Egypt by the name or a King For in the 18 of the reign of this King Egypt waa again recovered by the valour of Ochus the eighth Emperor of Persia And when Alexander had overthrown Darius he came without blows won this fertile kingdom which yielded him during his life the yearly value of 6000 talents After his death this kingdom fell to the share of Ptolomeus the son of Lagus from whom all the subsequent Kings of Egypt were called Ptolomies The Ptolomean Kings of Egypt A. M. 3641. 1 Ptolomie one of Alexanders Captains reputed the son of Lagus but supposed to be the son of Philip of Macedon and half-brother to Alexander 40. 3681. 2 Ptol. Philadelphus who filled the Library of Alexandria with 700000 Volumes and caused the 72 Interpreters to translate the Bible 3717. 3 Ptol Euergetes the son of Philadelphus vanquished Seleucus Callinicus and probably had subdued that kingdome if not called back by domestick dissentions 26. 3743 4 Ptol. Philopater a cruel voluptuous and incestuous Prince cruelly slew Cleomenes the last king of Sparta who had sled to his father for relief in the time of his exile 17 3760. 5 Ptol. Epiphanes at the age of five years succeeded his father protected by the Romans against Antiochus the Great of Syria who had an aim upon his kingdom 28. 3784. 6 Ptol. Philometor the son of Epiphanes by Cleopatra the daughter of the great Antiochus protected in his nonage by the Romans also caused himself to be crowned king of Syria but again relinquished it 35. 3829. 7 Ptol. Euergetes II. for his desormity called Physcon the brother of Ptol. Philometor A wicked Prince and one that spent the greatest part of his reign in a causeless war against Cleopatra his wife and sister 29. 38â—8 8 Ptol. Lathurus reigned 16 years with Cleopatra his mother by whom dispossed of his estate for the space of ten years after her death was sole Lord of Egypt His brother Alexander being taken by the Queen-mother as her Associate in the time of his deprivation and passing in the Accompt of the Kings of Egypt 3892 9 Ptol. Auletes the son of Lathurus sirnamed also Dionysius whose Brother being setled by him in the Isle of Cyprus was most unjustly suipped by the power of the Romans and he himself outed of Egypt by his own subjects but restored by the aâ—d love of Pompey 3922. 10 Ptol. Dionysius called also Junior or the younger together with Cleopatra his wife and sister succeeded Auletes in the throne which they held together by the space of three years In the last of which Pompey was barbarously slain on the shores of Egypt by the command of Achilles the young Kings Governour and the young King himself unfortunately slain in the Alexandrian Tumult against Julius Caesar 3925. 11 Cleopatra the wife and sister of Dionysius restored to the Crown of Egypt by the bounty of Caesar of whom exceedingly beloved for her wit and beauty After which she governed Egypt 19 years in her own sole right with great pomp and splendor when being imbarqued in the bed and fortunes of Marc. Antonie she killed her self not long after his fatal overthrow at the battel of Aâ—â—um that she might not be â—ed in triumph through Rome These Ptolomean Princes of Egypt were for the most part in wars with the Kings of Syria in which they were by turns victorious and vanquished neither Prince having cause to boast of his bargain After the death of Cleopatra whose life and love with Marcus Antunius I will not now relate this Country fell to the share of the Roman Emperours and was by them highly prized and warily looked into The Governour hereof was but a Gentleman of Rome no Senator being permitted to come into it it being a maxim of State not to suffer men of great houses to come into that Country whose revolt may endanger the whole Empire Of this nature was Egypt For besides the natural situation of the place very defensible and besides the abundance of money with which it was stored this Country alone furnished the City of Rome with Corn for four moneths yearly Whence Vespasian being chosen Emperor by the Syrian Legions and hearing of the defeat of his concurrent Vitellius hastened hither to this end only that detaining the ordinary provision of victuals he might by famine compell the City of Rome to stand at his devotion Vt urbem quoque externe opis indigam â—ame urgeretâ— as the Historian hath observed When made a Province of that Empire it was counted as the Emperors sole Peculiar afterwards made as well it might an entire Diocese of it self subordinate to the Praefectus Praetorio Orientis In the division of the Empire allotted to the Constantinopolitans whose Government being thought to be insupportable by this wanton People they called in the Saracens by whom the Greek Garrisons were cast out and the Country made subject to Haumar the third of the Caliphs Afterwards weary of them also they would have a Caliph of their own revolting totally from the Caliph of Bagdat So that from this time forwards we shall meet with two Caliphs at a time the one residing at Caire in Egypt to whom the Saracens or Moors of Spain and Africk did submit themselves the other at Bagdat who Lorded it over all the rest at least as to the â—uprâ—me title and some chief Prerogatives though the main power was cantonned and disposed of among their Sultans The Caliphs of Egypt A. Ch. A. H. 870 247. 1 Achmades or Achmat. 10. 88â— 257. 2 Tolen 3. 883. 260. 3 Hamaria 29. 903. 280. 4 Abarun slain by Muctaphi the Caliph of Babylon 940. 317. 5 Achid Muhamid the son of Tangi 3. 943. 320. 6 Abigud the son of Achid 27. 970. 347. 7 Meaz Ledin Illahi of the race of Phatime and Hali. 5. 975. 352. 8 Aziz the son of Meaz 21. 996. 373. 9 Elhachain 23. 1019. 396. 10 Etaber Leazizdin Illahâ— 16. 1035. 412. 11 Musteratzer Billahi 60. 1096. 472. 12 Musteale 5. 1100. 477. 13 Elamir Bahacan Illahi 35 1135. 512. 14 Elhapit Ladin Illahi 15 Etzahar 16 Elphaiz 17 Etzar Ledin Illahi the the son of Elphaiz the last Caliph or King of Egypt of the race of Phatime the Turks succeeding after his death in this opulent kingdome Concerning which we are to know that Elphaiz the father of Etzar being over-power'd by Almericus King of Hierusalem craved aid of Norradine the Turkish Sultan of Damascus which he received
under the conduct of Sarracon or Shirachoch a right valiant and stout Commander who taking his advantages not only cleared the Country of Almericus but got the whole kingdom to himself dashing out the brains of Elphaiz with his horsemans-mace And though Etzar his son assumed for a while the title of Caliph yet the destruction of himself and the whole Phatimean family rooted out by Sarracon soon put an end to that claim and left the kingdom in the peaceable possession of the Turkish Sultans The fourth Dynastie or the Race of the Turkish Kings or Caliphs of Egypt 1163. 1 Asereddin sirnamed Shirachoch called Sarracon by the Christian writers the first of the Turks which reigned in Egypt of the Noble family of Alub 1186. 2 Zeli-heddin called Saladine by the Christian writers the son or as some say the nephew of Sarracon or Shirachoch confirmed in his estate by the Caliph of Bagdet under whose jurisdiction he reduced the Egyptian Schismaticks He obtained also the kingdom of Damascus conquered Mesopotamia Palestine and in the year 1190 regained the City of Hierusalem A Prince who wanted nothing to commend him to succeeding Ages nor to glorifie him in the kingdom of Heaven but the saving knowledge of CHRIST JESUS 1199. 3 Elaziz the second son of Saladine succeeded in the Realm of Egypt which he exchanged afterwards with his brother Eladel for the kingdom of Damascus 4 Eladel or El-Aphtzel by the Christian writers called Meledine succeeded upon this exchange in the kingdom of Egypt and overcame the Christians without the losse of a man at the siege of Caire by letting loose the Sluces of Nilus which drowned their Army and forced them to covenant with him at his own pleasure 1210. 5 Elchamul 1237. 6 Melech Essalach by the Christian writers called Melechsala the son of Elchamul who overcame Lewis the 9. of France and going with that King towards Damiata was slain by the souldiers of his guard called Mamalucks 1242. 7 Elmutan the son of Melech Essalach succeeded for a time in his Fathers throne But the Mamalucks being resolved to obtain the kingdom for themselves inforced him to flie to a Tower of Wood which they set on fire the poor Prince half burned leaping into a River which ran close by it was there drowned the Mamalucks setled in the kingdom An. 1245. These Mamalucks were the ofspring of a People on the banks of the Euxine Sea vulgarly called the Circassians whom Melechsala either bought of their Parents or at the second hand of the Tartars then newly Masters of those Countries to supply the want of valour in the idle and effeminate People of Egypt and out of them selected a choise Band of men for the guard of his person Knowing their strength and finding their opportunity they treacherously slew Melechsala their Lord and Master appointing one Azeddin Ibek a Turco-man by nation and therefore by most Christian writers called Turquimeneius one of their own number a man of great spirit and valour to succeed in the Throne Unwilling to re-give the Supreme Authority into the hands of the Egyptians and not permitting their own sons to enjoy the name and privilege of Mamalucks they bought yearly certain numbers of Circassian slaves whom they committed to the keeping of the Egyptians by them to be instructed in the Egyptian language and the Law of Mahomet Being thus fitted for imployment they were taught the Discipline of War and by degrees advanced unto the highest Offices of power and trust as now the Janizaries are in the Turkish Empire in choice and ordering of whom as the Ottoman Turks were Precedented by those of Egypt so it is possible enough that the Janizaries may make as great a Change in the Turkish Empire as the Mamalucks did in the Egyptian So unsafe a thing it is for a Prince to commit the sole guard of his person or the defence of his Dominions to the hands of such whom not the sense of natural duty but the hopes of profit or preferment may make useful to him For thus we find that Constantius a King of the Britains was murdered by his Guard of Picts most of the Roman Emperours by the hands of those whom they intrusted either with the guard of their persons or the command of their Armies And I think no man can be ignorant how many times the Princes and Estates of Italy have been brought into the extremest dangers by trusting too much to the honesty of mercenaâ—ie Souldiers and Commanders Take we for instance the proceedings of Giacopo Picinino who with his Followers first took Pay of Ferdinand the first of Naples left him to fight for his vowed Enemy Iohn Duke of Calabria the son of Renè Duke of Anjou whom also he forsook in his greatest need The like we find of Francisco Sforza first entertained by the Duke of Millain from whom he revolted to the Florentines from them to the Venetians and being again received into the Pay of the State of Millain made use of their own Army to subdue that City Nor can I speak better of the Switzers or their dealing in this kind with the French Kings the Sforza's Dukes of Millain and with whom not to say the truth that ever trusted or employed them Now as it is unsafe for a Prince to commit the custody of his person or the defence of his Estates to the faith of Forreiners so is it dangerous to him to call in such aids and to commit his fortunes either wholly or principally unto their fidelity A moderate supply of men money or munition from a confederate King is I confesse in most cases convenient in some necessary as well to save their Natives from the sword as to trie a friend and interest an Allie in the same cause But to invite so great a number of Succours as from Helpers may become Masters and oppresse the people whom they came to defend is that Rock on which many Realms have suffered shipwrack and which a good Pilot of the State should with all care avoid For as in the sickness of the body natural it is hurtful to a mans health and life to take more physick then it may after the effect thereof be wrought either digest or put out again so in the body politick it is a perilous matter to receive more succours then what after they have done the deed they were sent for we may either with conveniencie reward and settle with us or at liberty expell Of all Surfeits this of Forraign supplies is most uncurable and Ne quid nimis if in nothing else true is in this case oracle There is no Kingdom I am verily perswaded under the Sun which hath not been by this means conquered no Common-wealth which hath not been by this means ruined To relate all examples were infinite and tedious to inferre some pleasing to the Reader and to illustrate the point not unnecessary To begin with former times Philip of Macedon called into Greece to assist the
three Globes made of pure Gold weighing 130000 Barbary Duckets which divers Kings have gone about to take down and convert into money but all desisted in regard of some crosse accident or other which befell them in it insomuch that the common people think them to be guarded with spirits 4. North of Morocco on the further side of Tensift and Asifinuad is the Province of HEA Rough mountainous and woody yet watered with many pleasant Rils and would be plentiful enough in all commodities if the industry of the people were not wanting to it A sort of people little better then meerly barbarous without all Artists either Ingenious or Mechanick except some Chirurgeons whom they keep to circumcise their Children and some few Teachers of their Law which can hardly â—ead Their food a Pap made of Barley-meal which in stead of Spoons they claw forth with their fingers the Ground they eat on serving for table stools and napkins At endless â—eud with one another yet so kind to strangers that in one of their chief Towns called 1 Tedneft the Gentlemen used to cast lots who should entertain them A town of good esteem in former times situate in a large Plain on the River Tensift but in the year 1514. almost wholly abandoned upon a rumor that the Arabians had a purpose to sell it to the Portugals 2. Teculeth seated on a good Port and once very well traded there being in it at that time 1000 families some Hospitals and a beautiful Musque in the year 1514. destroyed by the Portugals 3. Tenent a Sea-town in the hands of the Portugals 4. Flmuridin a strong peece as the name importeth the word signifying the Disciples Fort so called because a certain Heretick in the Law of Mahomet whereof this Kingdom yields good plenty retired hither with his Disciples fortified it and defended it against the King of Mâ—recco 5. Iguillinguiguâ—l seated on the top of an hill and fortified by the Country-people or old African Moersâ— against the Arabians 6. Tefethne beautified with a pretty Haven but not capable of any great shâ—pping 7. Taglesse a Den of Thieves and Cut-throats 8. Tesegdelt as courteous and civil as the other barbarous At the Gates whereof a Guard is set foâ— entertainment of Strangers whom if they have no acquaintance there they are to provide of Accommodation in some Gentlemans house where it 〈◊〉 them nothing but thanks and some kind acknowledgment 5. Northwards of Hea stands the Province of DVCALA bounded on the West with the main Atlantick and on the North with the River Ommirobili by which parted from the Kingdom of Fesse Of three dayes journy long about two in breadth thrusting into the Ocean with a craggy Promontory which some of the Ancients called Ulagium others the Promontory of the Sun 〈◊〉 by the Christians of Europe called the Cape of Cantin by the Moors Gebelelhudiâ— Populous enough the quality of the men considered ignorant both of letters and of all good manners Yet not â—o populous as it hath been in former times much of the Country being abandoned for fear of the Portugals who have taken all their best towns on the Sea-coast and destroyed the rest Amongst these 1. Azasi at the foot of the hils so called surprised by the Portugals under colour of making a Store-house for their Merchandise 2. Azamez seated at the mouth of the River Ommirobili the furthest town of this kingdom towards that of Fesse the people whereof were extremely addicted unto Sodomy till subdued by the Portugeze 3. Elmedina once the Metropolis of this Province but now for feat of those Invaders in a manner desolated 4. Conte of the foundation of the Goths 5. Tic built by the old African Moors but possessed by the Portugals 6. Subeit 7. Teneracost 8. Centpuis 9. Terga 10. Bulahuan all sacked and ruined by the same people when they took Azamor the Key of this Province which was in the year 1513. At which time it is said that Mahomet King of Fesse passing through this Province with an Army to repress these insolencies at every Altar whereof here are many in the Roads kneeled and said unto this effect Lord thou knowest that the cause of my coming into this wild place is only to free this people of Duccola from the rebellious and wicked Arabians and their cruel Enemies the Christians which purpose if thou doest not approve of let the punishment fall upon my person but not upon my followers who deserve it not With greater piety then could be looked for from a blind Mahometan 6. Eastward of Duccala along the banks of Ommirobili lieth the Province of HASCORA a fruitful Country intermixt of rich fields and pleasant gardens furnished with most sorts of choisest fruits and amongst others Grapes of such extraordinary greatness that they are said to be as big as a Pullets egg Good store of Honey it hath also and some Mines of Iron Inhabited by a more civil people then any of the rest and consequently more deserving so rich a soil Places of most importance in it 1. Ezo an old town situate on a lofty mountain 2. Eluinina of a later erection 3. Alemdine conquered for the King of Fesse by a Merchant whose Paramour the Prince or Governour hereof had taken from him Situate in a pleasant but little Valley but begirt with hils and well inhabited by Gentlemen Merchants and Artificers 4. Tagodast on the top of an hill environed with four others of equal height 7. More East betwixt Hascora and the River Malva is the Province of TEDLES bounded on the East with the Kingdom of Tremesen and on the North with that of Fesse from which last parted by the River Servi which on the North east border of it meets with Ommirobâ—li The whole Province in form triangular of no great either length or breadth but sufficiently fruitful and well inhabited for the bigness Some Towns it hath and those not meanly populous for so small a Province the chief whereof 1. Tesza built by the old African-Moors and beautified with many Mahometan Mosques the wals of which made of a kind of Marble which they here call Tesza whence the name of the town 2. Esza seated on the River Ommirobili where it receiveth that of Deyme which rising out of Atlas-Minor and passing by Tesza last mentioned doth here lose its name 3. Chythite renowned for the stout resistance which it hath made from time to time against those of Fesse 4. Ethiad abounding in all sorts of victuals These Provinces make up the Kingdom of Morocco infested miserably while it remained subject to the Kings of Fesse by the Portugals on the one side and the wild Arabians on the other Concerning which last people we are to know that when the Saracens conquered Africk they contented themselves with the command and left unto the Natives the possession of it forbidding the Arabians with whose course of life they were well acquainted to passe over Nilus Elcain the last of the successors of
Fez begun in the person of Idris of the blood of Mahomet by Hali and his daughter Fatima who persecuted by the opposite faction fled into Mauritania where he grew into such reputation that in short time he got both swords into his hands Dying about the 185 year of the Hegira he left his power unto his son of the same name with his father the first founder of Fesse Opposite whereunto on the other side of the water one of his sons but his name I find not built another City which in time grew into emulation with it and raising by that means a faction in the house of Idris gave opportunity to Joseph the son of Teifin or Telephine of the house of Luntune then famous for bridling the Arabians and founding the City of Morocco to suppress that family who killing the Princes of that line and 30000 of their subjects brake down the wals which parted the two Cities from one another united them by bridges and so made them one Drawn into Spain by the diffention of the Saracens there amongst themselves he added all which they held in that kingdom unto his dominions held by his successors as long as they were able to hold Morocco the Catalogue of which Princes called the house or family of the Almoravides with that of the Race of the Almohades is this which followeth The Kings or Miramomolims of Morocco 1 Teifin or Telephine the first of the Almoravides that reigned in Africk 2 Joseph sirnamed Telephinus the son of Teifin founded Morocco subdued the Kingdom of Fesse and added the Estate of the Moors in Spain unto his Dominions 3 Hali the son of Joseph 4 Albo-Halis the son of Hali supposed to be the publisher of the Works now extant in the name of Avicenne compiled at his command by some of the most learned Arabian Doctors vanquished and slain by 5 Abdelmon or Abdel-Mumen the first of the Almohades of obscure parentage but raised to so great power by the practises of Almohad a jugling Prophet of those times that he overthrew the king and obtained the kingdom of the Almoravides both in Spain and Africk An. 1150. to which he also added the Realm of Tunis and Cairoan 6 Joseph II. or Aben-Joseph the son of Abdelmon 7 Jacob or Aben-Jacob sirnamed Almansor a puissant and prudent Prince of whom much before son of Joseph II. 8 Mahomet sirnamed Enaser or the Green the brother of Almansor Discomfited by the Christians of Spain at the battel of Sier-Morena An. 1214. lost his dominions there being slain in this battel 200000 of the Moors as some Writers say who adde that the Spaniards for two dayes to-gether burnt no other fewel but the Pikes Lances and Arrows of their slaughtered Enemies yet could not consume the one half of them 9 Caid Arrax Nephew of Mahomet Enaser by his son Buxaf slain at the siege of Tremezezir a Castle of Tremesin which was held against him 10 Almorcada a kinsman of Caid Arrax outed of his estate and slain by Budebuz of the same house of the Almohades 11 Budebuz the last of the house of the Almohades setled in this Estate by the aid and valour of Jacob Aben Joseph the new King of Fesse but dealing faithlesly and ungratefully with him he was warred on by the said Jacob Ben Joseph vanquished and slain in battel the soveraignty by that means translated unto those of the Marine family An. 1270. or thereabouts But before I do proceed further with this Marine family I must again look back upon Mahomet Enaser whom I conceive the putation of the time being so agreeable to be the Admiralius Murmelius mentioned by Matthew Paris to whom our king John An. 1214. is said to have sent such a degenerous and unchristian Embassage Which strange name of Admiralius Murmelius was by that good Writer unhappily stumbled at instead of Miramomolim which also is corrupted from Amir Elmumenim that is to say Princeps Fidelium an Attribute which the great kings of the Saracen-Moors did much affect and retained it long time amongst them The story this King John being overlaid by his Barons wars and the invasions of the French sent Ambassadors to this great Prince then ruling over a great part of Spain and Barbary for aid against them offering to hold his kingdom of him and to receive withall the Law of Mahomet The Moor exceedingly offended at it told the Ambassadors that he had lately read the book of Pauls Epistles which he liked so well that were he now to choose a Religion he would have imbraced Christianity before any other But every man saith he ought to die in his own Religion the greatest thing which he disliked in that Apostle being as he said the changing of the Faith in which he was born This said he called unto him Robert of London Clark one of the Ambassadors a man ill chose for such an Errand if the tale be true of whom he demanded the form of the English Government the situation and wealth of the Country the manners of the people the life and person of the king in which being satisfied he grew into such a dislike of that King that ever after he abhorred the mention of him This is the substance of the story in Matthew Paris But you must know he was a Monk to which brood of men King John was held for a mortal Enemy and therefore this Relation not to passe for Gospel But whatsoever opinion King John might have of the power of this King to whom t is possible enough he might send for aide certain it is that he was grown so low in his Reputation after the loss of that great battell in Siera Morena that not onely the Spanish Moors withdrew their obedience from him as a Prince unable to support them but those of Africk did revolt also from the Crown of Morocco extreamly weakned by that blow after his decease For Comoranca Aben Zein of the house of Abdaluad seized upon Tremesen in the time of Caid Arrax his Successour as Bucar Aben Merin of the noble Marine Family descended from a Christian stock did the like at Fez. Setled in his estate by the vanquishment of Almorcada the Miramomolim he left it to Hiaja his son under the governance and protection of a Brother of his called Jacob Ben Joseph But the young Prince dying shortly after left his new Kingdom to his Uncle who aiding Budebuz before mentioned dispossed Almorcada of the Realm of Morocco and afterwards having just cause of quarrell against this Budebuz invaded his Dominions overcame and slew him and once again transferred the Imperial seat from Morocco to Fez. In him began the Empire of the Marine Family who held their Residence in Fez as the first seat of their power Morocco being Governed by an under-King the rest of the Provinces of that Kingdom Cantonned into several States the Sea-coasts in some tract of time being gained by the Portugals And in his line but with great confusions the Royall
of Cattel The chief City of it called Amara by the name of the Province situate in the midst of the Empire and though not much distant from the Aequator if not plainly under it yet blessed with such a temperate air such a fruitful soyl such ravishing pleasures of all sorts that some have taken but mistaken it for the place of Paradise So strangely Heaven Earth Nature and Humane industry have joyned their helps together to enrich and beautifie it But that which is the greatest Ornament of this Province and indeed of the whole Empire of AEthiopia is the Mountain Amara situate in a large and delightful Plain the bottom of the Hill in circuit 90 miles and a dayes journey high the Rock so smooth and even but lesser and lesser towards the top that no wall can be more evenly polished the way up to it is cut out within the Rock through which are divers holes forced to let in the light so easie of ascent that one may ride up with great pleasure and in the midst of the Ascent a spacious Hall as it were to rest in the top it self is a large plain 20 leagues in circuit compassed with an high wall to the end that neither man nor beast fall down upon any chance beautified towards the South with a rising hill out of which issueth a sweet Spring which watering the several palaces and gardens of it uniteth it self into a Lake for the use of Cattel the Plain enriched with all sorts both of fruit and grain adorned with two magnificent Monasteries in each of which are founded 1500 Knights of the Order of S. Anthony a Religious Militia and honoured with 34 Palaces in which the younger sons of the Emperour are continually inclosed to avoid sedition they enjoy there whatsoever is fit for delight or Princely education and from hence some one of them who is most hopeful or best liked is again brought out if the Emperor die sonless to be made successor This mountain hath but one ascent up as before was said which is impregnably fortified and was destinate to this use Anno 470 or thereabouts by the Emperor Abraham Philip advised hereunto as he gave out by an heavenly vision In one of these Palaces is a famous Library wherein are said to be many books which with us are either in part or totally lost as the Oracles of Enoch with the mysteries which escaped the flood being by him engraven on pillars the whole works of Livy and others Which being heretofore translated by the Saracens into the Arabick tongue when having plundered all the most famous Libraries of the East and West they burnt the Originals out of a plot to make that language as renowned and as generally studied as the Greek or Latine are said by some good fortune to be here preserved 5. DAMVT DAMVT hath on the North Amara on the West Bagamedrum on the South Goiamy and on the East the great Lake of Barcena and some part of Zanguebar one of the Provinces of Aethiopia Exterior The Country plentifully furnished with Gold Ginger Grapes Fruits and Living creatures of all sorts For none more famed then for their Slaves sold in great numbers into Arabia Egypt Persia India and much esteemed by them who buy them for their abilities in was dexterity in business but specially for their fidelity in all things which they undertake For this cause placed in Offices of great trust and power by many of the Eastern Princes who using a tyrannical Form of Government and not daring to trust the sword into the hands of their Subjects or to advance them unto places of Court or Counsell do for the most part arm these Slaves and trust them also with the conduct of their chief Affairs A trust in which they never falsified or failed in a true discharge but when presuming of their power and those Advantages which so great a trust and power had presented to them they got into their hands the Kingdom of Bengala and kept it many yeers in a succession of the Abassine Slaves wherewith they still made up their numbers till outed not long since by the Great Mongal The Oxen of this Country are said to be neer as great as Elephants their horns so large that they serve as Tankards to carry and as Barrels to keep either wine or water Here is also said to be a kinde of Unicorn very fierce and wilde fashioned like an horse but no bigger then an Ass but we must think these Unicorns to be but Rhinocerots or else we shall very much mistake the truth of the matter And for the People to go them both over once again they are for the most part Gentiles some Christians intermixt amongst them who have sundry Monasteries To this Kingdom belongeth the Principality of Couche said to have more Gold in it then all Peru a Mountain all of Gold if the Friers say true The People Gentiles but the Prince not long since gained to the Christian â—aith into which he was baptized by the Abbot or chief Governour of the Monasteries on the hill Amara Gradeus the Emperour being his Godfather by whom named Andrew And here they have an hill of great height and very difficult ascent from the top whereof they use to cast headlong such of the Nobility as by the Emperours sentence are condemned to die What Towns they have either in that Kingdom or this Principality I am not able to resolve unless 1 Damut and 2 Couche may be two and the two most eminent as giving name to those estates 6. GOIAMY GOIAMY hath on the North Damut on the West Bagamedrum on the South and East some Provinces of the other Aethiopia The Country in the North parts full of Desarts and Rockie Mountains in the residue plentifully furnished with all things necessary Great store of Gold they finde but drossie the people not knowing how to refine and purifie it or loth here as in other places of this Empire to take pains that way for fear of drawing in the Turks and Arabians to partake of the booty It containeth in it many Rivers or rather Torrents which come tumbling down the hills with a mighty violence and a terrible fall making a noise not much inferiour to a clap of thunder and amongst other Lakes two of special note which for their greatness seem to be Seas in which as some report Mermaids and Tritons or Men-fishes use to shew themselves and out of which it is thought by others that the Fountains of Nilus do arise and both true alike But past all doubt the Abassines themselves are of this opinion and therefore in the stile of the Negaz so they call their Emperour he is termed King of Goiamy with this addition In which are found the Fountains of Nilus Deceived alike in their opinion touching this particular the Springs or Fountains of that River being further South though possibly having lost himself in these vast Lakes and issuing hence into a more
It containeth in it to the number of 15 Provinces that is to say 1 Melinde 2 Mombaza 3 Quiloa 4 Mosambique 5 Sofasa all along the Coasts 6 Moenhemage 7 Corova 8 Calen 9 Anzuga 10 Monzalo 11 Badin 12 Mombra 13 Mombizo 14 Embroe and 15 Macaos more within the Land Of the nine last not being perfectly discovered and therefore likely to yield nothing of note and credit we shall now be silent But the first six lying upon the Shores or neer it and consequently better known to Merchants Travellers and the like Adventurers shall be surveyed in order as they lie before us 1. MELINDE is the name of a little Kingdom on the South of the Realm of Adea in the Higher Aethiopia from which parted by the River Raptus now called Quilimanci so named from Melinde the chief City of it well walled and seated in a fruitful and delightful soyl abundantly productive of Rice Mill Flesh Limons Citrons and most sorts of fruits but not well furnished with Corn the greatest part whereof is brought out of Cambaia a Province of India The houses built of lime and stone after the manner of Europe The Inhabitants on the Sea coasts of Arabian breed and of that Religion those of the Inlands which are of the original Natives for the most part Heathens Most of them of an Olive colour but inclining to white the Women generally of as white complexions as in other places but they have some black people also And all of them more civil in their Habit course of life and entertainment in their houses then the rest of this Country Great friends unto the Portugals and befriended by them ever since the kind entertainment which they gave unto Vasques de Gama whom they furnished with Pilots to direct him in his way to India when first discovered by that People 2. MOMBAZA is the name of another of these petit Kingdoms of the same nature for the temper of the soil and people that Melinde is So called from Mombaza the chief City of it situate from Melinde about 70 miles in a little Iland of 12 miles compass but of good influence on some part of the Continent also The Isle and City said to have some resemblance unto the Rhodes The Town about a league in circuit environed with a wall and fortified with a Castle the Streets thereof very narrow but well built most of the houses being brick and the Mosques capacious The King hereof a Mahometan as are most of his Subjects and a bitter enemy of the Christians For which cause and upon some discourtesies received from them the Town was taken by Vasques de Gama An. 1500. but abandoned again by reason of the unhealthy Air not well agreeing with the constitution of the Portugals Afterwards having taken in Alibeg and five Turkish Gallies the better to enable themselves against the Portugals the Town was taken and ruinated by Thomas de Cotigno sent thither An. 1589. by the Portugal Vice-Roy residing in Goa there being taken at that time besides the spoil of the City all the Turkish Gallies and in them 23 greater and as many lesser Peeces of Ordinance such of the Turks and Citizens as escaped the slaughter and had the opportunity of coming to them yielded themselves into their power to avoid the fury of the Imbians a man-eating people who had before besieged the City and gathering up such gleanings as were left by the Portugals devoured the King and as many of the principal Citizens as they could get into their hands 2 Ampaza the second Town of note was taken by the Portugals about two years after 3. QVILOA lieth on the South of Mombaza The Country rich and pleasant the Inhabitants for the most part of Arabian Ancestry of complexion neer unto a white their women comely sumptuou in attire and of civil carriage neat in their houses which are generally well built and richly furnished Touching the ordering of this Sex of whose honour they are very tender the people of this Quiloa are said to have a strange custom amongst them more to be mentioned for the rarity then the decency of it which is the sowing up of the private passages of nature in their female children leaving only a small vent for their urine Thus sowed they keep them carefully at home till they come to be married And she that is by her Husband found to want this sign of her perpetual Virginity is with all kinde of ignominie sent back to her Parents and by them as disgracefully received It took this name from Quiloa the chief Town thereof situate in a little Iland but neer the shore from which parted by a narrow Fryth opposite to the mouth of the River Coava by some called Quiloa First built in the 400 year of the Hegira by Ali the son of Suttan Hischen who not agreeing very well with his other Brethren because their Mothers were Persians and his an Abssine sought new Adventures in these parts and bought this Iland His Successors grown rich and powerful by the trade of Sofala extended their Dominions far within the Land and so adorned Quiloa the chief Town of their Kingdom that for sumptuous and magnificent buildings there were few like it in those parts Proud of their many good successes they provoked the Portugals by whom under the conduct of Vasques de Gama An. 1500. the City it self was taken the King made a Tributary and with his leave some Fortresses erected by them in convenient places Secure and wanton by this means they pick a quarrel with Abraham then the King of this Country whom in the year 1505. they deposed from his Kingdom and placed another in his Throne under colour of not paying the conditioned Tribute For which the Arabians rose in Arms displaced their new King demolished their Fortifications and sent them to learn better moderation in their prosperous Fortunes An. 1509. The business coming after to a composition the Quiloan convenanted for the yeerly Tribute of 1500 Marks of Gold paid unto the Portugals to live in peace and quietly enjoy his own without further trouble 4. MOSAMBIQVE lieth on the South of Quiloa so called of Mosambique the chief City of it situate in a little Iland the principal of three opposite all of them to the mouth of the River Moghincats and bordering on the Promontory of old called Prassum spoken of by Ptolomy and by him made the furthest known place of all this Coast In the Iland there are said to be sheep whose tails are 25. pound weight as in other places of these Countries and some parts of Syria Hens black in feathers flesh and bone and if sodden make the water as black as ink but yet sweeter in taste then any other Of Pork good store the more because the people are for the most part of the Law of Mahomet by which all hog-meat is forbidden The in land parts more barren but very populous so ignorant and rude when the Portugals first came among
King of Macedonia Anicius the Praetor is sent with a sufficient Army to make an end of that work Who used such diligence therein that Scordra the chief town of the Kingdome was taken and the King himselfe together with his wife and children made Prisoners by consequence the whole war ended antequam geri Romae nunciaretur before they knew at Rome that it was begun The Liburnians after this became quiet subjects the whole Countrey on taking of the Gentius being made a Province of the Romans anno V. C. 586. employed at Rome in many servile offices as before was said but them the Dalmatians began to cast off the yoke But Dalminium their chiefe City being first sacked by Martius Figulus and after by Nasica before mentioned they continued quiet and obedient till the time of Augustus Caesar when they againe rebelled at the instigation of one Batto a man very potent with the people who having ten years together maintained the liberty of his countrey at last broken and wearied by the forces of Germanicus and Tiberius he submitted himselfe unto the two Generals who asking the reason of his revolt were answered because the Romans sent not shepheards to keep but wolves to devoure their flockes Thus finally conquered it continued a Roman Province till the coming of Odoacer into Italy who brought it under his command as the Gothes also did having vanquished him and thereby made themselves Masters of Italy and the rest of his purchases But the kingdome of the Gothes being brought to an end by the good fortune of Justinian and the valour of Belisarius and Narses two of his Commanders but very ill requited by him Illyricum became a part of the Eastern Empire continuing under the power of the Grecian Emperours till the time of Phocas that bloudy Tyrant when made a prey unto the Sclaves Of these though we have spoken before in severall places as their fortunes and affaires have led us yet being this is the onely countrey which preserves their name we will here speake more exactly of them then we have done hitherto especially as to their manners name and first Originall and finally of their successes in this countrey And first for their Originall I take it for a thing past question that they were no other then naturall Sarmatians inhabiting on the North of the River Ister uniting themselves under this name in their undertakings and attempts on the Eastern Empire as the many Nations of Germany tooke the name of Frankes and Almans in their actions and achievements against the Western But why they took this name rather then another is not yet agreed on Some fetch the originall of it from Slowo which in the Sclavonian tongue signifieth a Speech or word because they were all of one common language others from Slawa signifying in that language Fame or Glory in regard of that great fame and honour which they had achieved by their successes on the Empire But when I finde a potent Nation of the Winithi Winuli or Vendi a Sarmatian people called Sclavini by Jornandes possessed in his time of the further shores of the River Ister opposite to Illyricum and Thrace and by that name wasting and forraging these Provinces and other parts of that Empire in the time of Justinian as we read in Procopius that they did I see no reason why wee should looke further for the name of Sclaves then from these Sclavini For having in the time of Phocâ— subdued this Countrey and called it Sclavinia or Sclavonia after their own name by that and other fortunate successes on the Eastern Empire and the honour they had thereby gotten they might very well induce the rest of the scattered tribes of the Sarmatians to unite together with them both in name and action and try their fortunes in the conquest of the West of Europe as these had done already on the East parts of it In which designe they sped so well that they became Masters of almost all those countreys which lie betwixt the River Vistula and the Euxine Sea the Adriatick and the Baltick communicating their language unto all the Provinces and Nations conquered by them and to most their manners rites and customs Their Government at first by Kings but so that the succession seldom held in a Race or Family and those that had the Throne did not long enjoy it For having a Law amongst themselves that hee who killed a Tyrant should succeed in his place they had few Kings whom some or other would not vote to be a Tyrant and then dispatch him out of the way that a greater Tyrant then himselfe as it commonly happeneth in such cases might possesse the Power Insomuch that they had a new king almost every year none of them for the space of an hundred yeares dying naturall deaths and all that while the People as it needs must be most miserably torn in peâ—ces by intestine wars Not cured of this distemper till the severall Tribes and Nations of them as Poles Moravians Bohemians these here and those of other Countries had their severall Princes succeeding one another in a Regular way Their Religion Gentilism at the first for being originally Heathens they worshipped such Gods as others of the Gentiles did Jessan for Jupiter Ladon for Pluto Marzim for Mars Zievane for Venus and Nian for Diana They had also a Goddesse called Pagode to whom they prayed for fair weather and a temperate Air. To their children they used to give no name till they began to grow great and then conducted them to the Temple of their Gods where they cut off their first hair and offered it as a pledge of their future service at which solemnity they called together their friends and kinsfolk to make merry with bankets dancing singing and all kinde of sports offering in sacrifice an Hog and wine mixed with honey somewhat like Metheglin But to returne unto the story the Sclaves thus setled in this countrey since called Sclavonia continued absolute Masters of it under the Title of Kings of Croatia and Dalmatia till the yeare 970. when growing unsufferable by their frequent Piracies and having ravished or surprized a company of Venetian Ladies they forced that State as the Liburnians did the Romans to make warre upon them Which ended in the losse of Lezina and Curzela two of their best Islands and almost all the Sea townes on the Coast of the Adriatick possessed for the most part since that time by the State of Venice a tribute also of 100 Barrels of Wine and a present to the Duke of 3000 Coney-skins being laid upon them Petro Vrseola being then Duke of Venice and Marcomir king of the Sclavonians Afterwards Zelamirus the last king dying without issue bequeathed the kingdome to his wife and she as freely to her brother Ladislaus king of Hungarie surnamed the Saint the right hereof accrewing by this means to the kings of Hungary but the possession of a great part of it remaining to the State of
Venice the cause of much war and bloud she betwixt those Princes till the Turk came to part the fray and got the greatest part for himself by their disagreements Betwixt these three Sclavonia at this time doth stand thus divided the Venetians possessing the greatest part of the Islands and all the Sea Coasts from the River Arsia to the Bay of Catharo the City and Common-wealth of Ragusi excepted onely the house of Austria in the right of the Crown of Hungary the Inland parts of Windischland and Croatia and the Turks who first set footing here in the reign of Mahomet the second the whole kingdome of Bosna the Patronage of Ragusi some towns in Windischland and Croatia and all the residue of Dalmatia from the Bay of Catharo to Albania The Armes of Sclavonia were Argent a Cardinalls Hat the strings pendant and platted in a true Loves knot meeting in the Base Gules There are in Sclavonia Archbishops 4. Bishops 26. And thus much for SCLAVONIA OF DACIA DACIA is bounded on the East with the Euxine Sea and some part of Thrace on the West with Hungarie and Sclavonia on the North with Podolia and some other Members of the Realm of Poland on the South with the rest of Thrace and Macedonia So called from the Daci who here first inhabited in Strabo better known by the name of the Davi who proving when first known to the Romans an officious people willingly putting themselves to service in hope of gain occasioned the Romans in their Comoedies and common Speech to call a Sycophant or Servant by the name of Davus It lyeth on both sides of the Danow frontiring all along the Vpper and the Lower Hungarie and some part of Sclavonia extended from the 7. Climate to the 10. so that the longest Summers day in the most Northern parts thereof is near 17 hours and in the most Southern 15 hours 3 quarters By this accompt with reference to the other limits before laid down it differeth much in situation and dimensions from the ancient Dacia described by Ptolemie that lying wholly on the North side of the Danow but taking in so much of the Vpper Hungarie as lyeth on the East side of Tibiscus this comprehending all the rest of the ancient Dacia with both the Mysias and Dardania and in a word the whole Dacian Diocese in the largest extent thereof the Province of Prevalitana excepted only which though a Member of this Diocese was no part of Dacia but rather of Macedon or Albania For the clearer understanding whereof we may please to know that Dacia properly so called was situate on the Northside of Danubius as before was said extending as far Westward as the River Tibiseâ—us where it frontired on the Iazyges Metanastae inhabited by a militarie and valiant people who many times especially when the frost did favour them passed over the River and infested the Roman Provinces And though repressed and made tributarie by Julius Caesar yet they brake out again in the time of Augustus who sending Lentulus against them with a puissant Armie compelled them to retire on the other side of the River planting the Southern banks thereof with strong towns and garrisons to restrain them from the like incursions for the time to come By means whereof Si Dacia tunc non vâ—cta summota atque dilata est saith the Historian though Dacia was not overcome yet it was removed somewhat further off and the Provinces thereby secured from the attempts of that people After this from the time of Cotiso with whom Augustus had to deal we find little of them till the reign of Decebalus their last King a man both ready in advice and quick in execution Against him Domitian made warre by Julianus his Lieutenant who gave Decebalus a great overthrow and had then utterly vanquished him if his wit had not better befriended him then his sword For fearing that the Romans making use of their victory would enter and take possession of his Country he pitched in the way a great number of sâ—akes in battell aray putting on them the old Corslets of his Souldiers which looking like so many men of Arms frighted the enemy from approaching the Country Trajane was the next that made war against him and brought him to that exigent that having with much losse endured some few skirmishes he yeelded himself and is acknowledged a friend to the Senate and people of Rome But being one of a high spirit and born in a free air he once again fell off from the Romans but to his own destruction for seeing by the valour of Trajane his kingdome conquered and his Palace taken and destroyed he fell upon his own sword and Dacia was made a Province of the Roman Empire Lost in the time of Galienus it was again recovered by Aurelianus who finding how difficult aud chargeable the keeping of it was like to be transplanted the Roman Colonies and the more civill sort of the Natives on the other side of the River placing them betwixt the two Mysias in some part of each and calling the Countrie given to them by the name of Dacia or New Dacia leaving the Old unto the Gothes and others of the barbarous Nations whose thorough-fare it was in all their enterprises and designs on the Roman Empire Divided by Aurelianus into the two Provinces of Dacia Mediterranea and Dacia Ripensis this lying on the banks of the Danow the other more within the land which with the Provinces of Moesia superior Dardania Praevalitana and part of Macedonia salutaris made up the whole Diocese of Dacia in the times succeeding Subject with that of Macedon to the Praefectus Praetorio for Illyricum and consequently appertaining after the division to the Eastern Empire And it continued in this state till the time of Justimian who being a Native of this Countrie subdued it from the command of that Praefect and instituted both a Praefectus Praetorio for this Diocese only in Civill matters and a Primate for the affairs of the Church both setled in the Citie of Justiniana of his own foundation enlarging the jurisdiction of the first by the addition of some part of Macedonia Secunda and Pannonia Secunda and giving to the other all those preheminences which had been anciently enjoyed by the greater Patriarchs But this new Institution was of no continuance For first the Sclaves and afterwards the Russians Hungars and Bulgarians breaking over the Danow dismembred it peece-meal from the Empire and divided it under new names amongst themselves Of which together with the nature of the soil and people I shall speak anon having first took a view of the Rivers Hils and other Land-marks which are to be my chief guides in the Chorographie or description of them The Rivers then of most note are 1 The Danow which here at Axium or Axiopolis a town of Bulgaria takes the name of Ister continuing it from thence to its Aestuarium where it falleth into the Euxine Sea with 7 mouths