gen._n cap._n 1._o of_o all_o other_o creature_n be_v finish_v the_o heaven_n adorn_v and_o the_o earth_n replenish_v god_n say_v let_v we_o make_v man_n in_o our_o own_o image_n after_o our_o likeness_n and_o let_v he_o have_v dominion_n over_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o over_o all_o the_o earth_n and_o every_o creep_a thing_n that_o creep_v upon_o the_o earth_n so_o god_n create_v man_n in_o his_o own_o image_n in_o the_o image_n of_o god_n create_v he_o he_o male_a and_o female_a create_v he_o they_o and_o say_v unto_o they_o be_v fruitful_a and_o multiply_v and_o replenish_v the_o earth_n and_o subdue_v it_o and_o have_v dominion_n over_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o over_o the_o foul_a of_o heaven_n and_o over_o every_o live_a thing_n that_o move_v upon_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v the_o first_o commission_n that_o ever_o be_v grant_v and_o it_o pass_v under_o the_o divine_a immediate_a seal_n of_o the_o almighty_a &_o extend_v over_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n dominamini_fw-la in_o the_o plural_a number_n god_n couple_v the_o woman_n in_o commission_n with_o the_o man_n but_o in_o the_o 18_o chapter_n of_o exodus_fw-la verse_n 21._o jethro_n advise_v and_o counsel_v 18._o exodus_fw-la 18._o moses_n his_o son_n in_o law_n to_o provide_v out_o of_o all_o the_o people_n man_n of_o truth_n hate_v covetousness_n and_o place_v such_o over_o they_o to_o be_v ruler_n of_o thousand_o ruler_n of_o hundred_o and_o over_o fifty_n &_o ten_o where_o by_o the_o word_n man_n twice_o repeat_v by_o jethro_n and_o this_o place_n of_o scripture_n seem_v to_o exclude_v whole_o from_o government_n and_o the_o former_a commission_n extend_v over_o fish_n bird_n and_o beast_n and_o neither_o over_o man_n nor_o woman_n and_o in_o the_o first_o of_o the_o corinthian_n chapter_n 14._o it_o be_v say_v by_o saint_n paul_n let_v the_o woman_n keep_v silence_n in_o the_o church_n for_o it_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o they_o 14._o 1_o cor._n 14._o to_o speak_v and_o in_o grendon_n case_v in_o the_o comment_n fol._n 497._o dyer_n say_v that_o woman_n can_v not_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n nor_o be_v they_o permit_v to_o say_v divine_a service_n and_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o timothy_n verse_n 12._o he_o say_v we_o suffer_v not_o the_o woman_n tim._n 2_o tim._n to_o rule_v over_o the_o man_n but_o this_o last_o of_o timothy_n may_v be_v most_o apt_o apply_v to_o husband_n and_o wife_n i_o remember_v out_o of_o the_o abbey_n book_n of_o evesham_n this_o note_n worthy_a of_o observation_n quod_fw-la alicia_n peer_n regis_n miniona_fw-la supra_fw-la modum_fw-la mulierum_fw-la nimis_fw-la supergressa_fw-la svi_fw-la etiam_fw-la sexus_fw-la &_o fragilitatis_fw-la feminiae_fw-la immemor_fw-la nunc_fw-la justiciarios_fw-la regis_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o foro_fw-la ecclesiastico_fw-la juxta_fw-la doctores_fw-la sedendo_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la defension_n causarum_fw-la suadere_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la contra_fw-la jus_o postulare_fw-la minime_fw-la verebatur_fw-la unde_fw-la propter_fw-la scandalum_fw-la petierunt_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la in_o parliament_n '_o tent_n '_o an._n 50._o ed._n 3._o penitùs_fw-la amoveri_fw-la but_o hereby_o i_o collect_v that_o she_o be_v not_o in_o commission_n with_o the_o judge_n temporal_a or_o spiritual_a but_o be_v a_o favourite_n of_o the_o king_n and_o take_v upon_o she_o to_o intermeddle_v in_o business_n nothing_o concern_v she_o but_o whether_o the_o text_n mean_v it_o for_o a_o woman_n to_o sit_v judge_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v contra_fw-la modum_fw-la mulierum_fw-la or_o because_o she_o sit_v there_o to_o wrest_v righteous_a judgement_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o reader_n of_o that_o history_n for_o deborah_n be_v judge_n of_o israel_n and_o judge_v the_o people_n as_o the_o four_o of_o judge_n have_v it_o dyer_n indeed_o say_v in_o grendon_n case_n that_o divers_a church_n be_v appropriate_v to_o prioress_n and_o nannery_n whereof_o woman_n be_v the_o governess_n whereby_o and_o by_o the_o say_a chapter_n of_o the_o corinthian_n it_o appear_v that_o woman_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o have_v rule_n and_o government_n over_o the_o possession_n and_o person_n temporal_a and_o ecclesiastical_a but_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o have_v curam_fw-la animarum_fw-la nor_o to_o meddle_v with_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o service_n or_o sacrament_n and_o for_o temporal_a government_n i_o have_v observe_v woman_n to_o have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n be_v admit_v to_o the_o high_a place_n for_o in_o ancient_a roman_a history_n i_o find_v endochia_n and_o theodora_n admit_v at_o several_a time_n into_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o here_o in_o england_n our_o late_a famous_a queen_n elizabeth_n who_o government_n be_v most_o renown_v and_o semiramis_n govern_v syria_n and_o the_o queen_n of_o the_o south_n which_o come_v to_o visit_v solomon_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o appear_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v a_o sole_a queen_n and_o to_o fall_v a_o degree_n low_o we_o have_v precedent_n that_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o and_z king_n henry_n the_o five_o appoint_v and_o depute_v by_o commission_n their_o mother_n to_o be_v regent_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o their_o absence_n in_o france_n and_o the_o wise_a and_o renown_a lady_n margaret_n countess_z of_o richmond_z be_v put_v in_o commission_n and_o humphrey_n de_fw-fr bohune_n earl_n of_o hereford_n be_v by_o tenure_n constable_n of_o england_n which_o be_v a_o judge_n in_o martial_a affair_n and_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n male_a by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o office_n among_o other_o thing_n descend_v to_o his_o two_o daughter_n and_o coheir_n and_o in_o the_o 12_o of_o elizabeth_n in_o dier_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o although_o this_o be_v a_o office_n of_o justice_n yet_o they_o may_v execute_v the_o same_o by_o deputy_n for_o in_o truth_n woman_n be_v unfit_a martialist_n to_o judge_v of_o matter_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v clear_a a_o deputy_n do_v nothing_o in_o his_o own_o name_n but_o in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n or_o mistress_n therefore_o the_o martial_a court_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o their_o name_n but_o yet_o i_o will_v descend_v a_o step_n low_a do_v not_o our_o law_n temporal_a and_o spiritual_a admit_v of_o woman_n to_o be_v executrix_n and_o administratrix_n and_o hereby_o they_o have_v the_o rule_n or_o order_n of_o great_a estate_n and_o many_o time_n they_o be_v gardianess_n in_o chivalry_n and_o have_v thereby_o also_o the_o government_n of_o many_o great_a heir_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o in_o 10_o h._n 7._o a_o man_n devise_v his_o land_n to_o be_v sell_v by_o a_o 7_o 10_o h._n 7_o woman_n and_o die_v and_o she_o sell_v the_o same_o to_o her_o husband_n so_o by_o these_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n submit_v and_o commit_v many_o thing_n to_o their_o government_n yet_o the_o statute_n of_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v like_a to_o jethroe_n counsel_v to_o moses_n for_o there_o they_o speak_v of_o man_n to_o be_v justice_n and_o seem_v thereby_o to_o exclude_v woman_n but_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v commission_n of_o sewer_n shall_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o such_o person_n and_o person_n as_o the_o say_a lord_n shall_v appoint_v so_o the_o word_n person_n stand_v indifferent_o for_o either_o sex_n and_o therefore_o although_o by_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o sex_n they_o be_v unfit_a to_o travel_v and_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n uncapable_a of_o learning_n to_o direct_v in_o matter_n of_o judicature_n for_o which_o cause_n they_o have_v be_v discreet_o spare_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n for_o the_o authority_n reason_n and_o cause_n aforesaid_a that_o this_o honourable_a countess_n be_v put_v into_o commission_n of_o the_o sewer_n the_o same_o be_v warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n and_o the_o ordinance_n and_o decree_n of_o sewer_n make_v by_o she_o and_o the_o other_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v not_o to_o be_v impeach_v for_o that_o cause_n of_o she_o sex_n and_o i_o conclude_v here_o that_o although_o in_o discretion_n woman_n have_v be_v seclude_v as_o unfit_a yet_o they_o be_v not_o in_o law_n to_o be_v exclude_v as_o uncapable_a if_o a_o infant_n above_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o and_o under_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o be_v make_v a_o commissioner_n his_o infancy_n shall_v be_v no_o cause_n to_o disable_v the_o law_n make_v by_o he_o young_a daniel_n be_v judge_n over_o both_o the_o elder_n and_o in_o little_a brook_n fol._n the_o case_n be_v a_o parson_n or_o prebend_n be_v within_o age_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o his_o benefice_n and_o will_v but_o can_v not_o after_o avoid_v it_o for_o his_o nonage_n for_o see_v the_o church_n have_v make_v he_o of_o full_a age_n to_o discharge_v the_o spiritual_a
perpetual_a charge_n by_o any_o power_n or_o authority_n give_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o romney_n marsh_n the_o custom_n there_o maintain_v this_o point_n yet_o not_o a_o bene_fw-la verba_fw-la huius_fw-la statuti_fw-la which_o be_v these_o viz._n and_o to_o make_v and_o ordain_v statute_n ordinance_n and_o provision_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o safeguard_n conservation_n redress_n correction_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o the_o party_n liable_a to_o the_o same_o necessary_a and_o behooveful_a after_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n after_o their_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n these_o be_v the_o word_n and_o this_o be_v the_o clause_n which_o must_v make_v good_a this_o perpetual_a charge_n for_o that_o it_o do_v former_o appear_v that_o such_o like_a law_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o romney_n marsh_n as_o this_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v this_o point_n that_o the_o commissioner_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o say_a ordinance_n of_o romney_n marsh_n may_v make_v decree_n to_o bind_v land_n to_o perpetual_a charge_n yet_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o keighlies_n case_n set_v it_o down_o as_o resolve_v that_o the_o several_a commissioner_n of_o sewer_n throughout_o all_o england_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pursue_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n but_o in_o case_n where_o some_o particular_a place_n within_o their_o commission_n have_v such_o law_n &_o custom_n as_o romney_n marsh_n have_v there_o they_o may_v pursue_v they_o but_o in_o my_o own_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o please_v make_v ordinance_n and_o law_n like_v to_o those_o of_o romney_n marsh_n where_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o such_o use_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v bear_v that_o construction_n and_o the_o say_a opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n be_v not_o direct_o against_o this_o and_o upon_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o decree_n to_o bind_v those_o land_n to_o the_o perpetual_a repair_n sales_n of_o land_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n be_v these_o provide_v always_o that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v assess_v or_o tax_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n for_o any_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o any_o commission_n hereafter_o to_o be_v direct_v do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a lot_n and_o charge_n according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o assignment_n of_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n whereof_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o say_a commissioner_n for_o lack_v of_o payment_n of_o such_o lot_n &_o charge_n to_o decree_n and_o ordain_v the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n from_o the_o owner_n or_o owner_n thereof_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o every_o of_o they_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n for_o term_n of_o year_n term_v of_o life_n fee_fw-mi simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o same_o lot_n and_o charge_n then_o every_o such_o decree_n and_o ordinance_n so_o by_o they_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o their_o seal_n into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v to_o the_o same_o shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n in_o use_n possession_n reversion_n or_o remainder_n their_o heir_n and_o feoffee_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a reform_a unless_o it_o be_v by_o authority_n in_o parliament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v summon_v and_o hold_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o same_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o commissioner_n or_o any_o six_o of_o they_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n shall_v bind_v as_o well_o the_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n of_o our_o sovereign_n the_o king_n as_o all_z and_o every_o other_o person_n and_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n and_o such_o their_o interest_n as_o they_o shall_v fortune_n to_o have_v in_o any_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o other_o casual_a profit_n advantage_n or_o commodity_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v whereunto_o the_o say_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n shall_v in_o any_o wise_a extend_v according_a to_o the_o true_a purport_n meaning_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o say_a law_n this_o clause_n or_o proviso_n be_v strange_o place_v in_o this_o statute_n as_o if_o this_o statute_n have_v not_o be_v the_o first_o father_n of_o it_o and_o as_o if_o this_o law_n have_v make_v some_o addition_n to_o a_o former_a law_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v and_o be_v the_o first_o and_o only_a law_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n in_o case_n of_o sewer_n and_o this_o clause_n stand_v upon_o these_o four_o pillar_n imprimis_fw-la for_o what_o cause_n land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n second_o what_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v within_o these_o law_n three_o what_o person_n what_o estate_n and_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v thereby_o four_o to_o what_o person_n these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v or_o decree_v the_o statute_n be_v if_o any_o person_n sess_v do_v not_o pay_v whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v for_o sess_v and_o charge_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n only_o and_o they_o may_v not_o be_v decree_v away_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n or_o matter_n and_o therefore_o if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v for_o this_o cause_n decree_v the_o land_n away_o from_o the_o owner_n because_o this_o charge_n lie_v not_o in_o payment_n and_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v for_o any_o cause_n then_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o lot_n sess_n or_o charge_n by_o reason_n this_o word_n payment_n be_v reiterated_a three_o or_o four_o time_n in_o this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o no_o other_o word_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o to_o infer_v any_o other_o or_o large_a exposition_n if_o i._o s._n do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a or_o other_o sum_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o work_n be_v unrepaired_a although_o this_o be_v a_o charge_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n yet_o because_o it_o grow_v due_a by_o tenure_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o statute_n therefore_o the_o land_n of_o i._o s._n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o the_o nonpayment_n thereof_o by_o the_o tenor_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o the_o land_n of_o one_o be_v general_o charge_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o prescription_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o commissioner_n impose_v a_o sesse_v and_o rate_v upon_o he_o to_o repair_v it_o and_o he_o do_v not_o there_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o charge_n be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o rate_n be_v set_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o for_o neglect_v of_o payment_n the_o say_a land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n so_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v order_v the_o party_n to_o pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n at_o a_o time_n by_o they_o prescribe_v not_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v his_o land_n from_o he_o because_o this_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a order_n have_v get_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o charge_n be_v general_o lay_v upon_o a_o township_n hundred_o or_o rape_n which_o be_v not_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o commissioner_n order_n no_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o person_n or_o land_n be_v in_o this_o case_n particular_o charge_v and_o the_o
can_v be_v impart_v to_o another_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o personal_a view_n can_v be_v lend_v to_o another_o or_o divide_v from_o the_o person_n no_o more_o can_v the_o personal_a touch_n or_o act_v of_o my_o hand_n be_v impart_v to_o another_o and_o yet_o express_v livery_n which_o be_v the_o deed_n and_o act_n of_o the_o hand_n may_v be_v do_v per_fw-la auter_n main_a sir_n francis_n englefields_n case_n in_o the_o seven_o report_n of_o sir_n case_n 7._o report_n englefields_n case_n edward_n cook_n give_v we_o a_o pretty_a difference_n where_o the_o act_n to_o be_v do_v be_v unseparable_o tie_v to_o one_o person_n and_o where_o not_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n where_o upon_o conveyance_n of_o divers_a manor_n to_o philip_n earl_n of_o arundel_n his_o son_n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n may_v revoke_v the_o same_o upon_o signify_v of_o his_o mind_n under_o his_o own_o proper_a hand_n in_o writing_n etc._n etc._n this_o power_n of_o revocation_n be_v not_o transfer_v to_o the_o queen_n by_o the_o attainder_n of_o the_o duke_n because_o it_o be_v inseparable_o tie_v to_o his_o own_o proper_a hand_n but_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o of_o englefield_n where_o the_o case_n canc._n in_o combs_n case_n land_n be_v settle_v upon_o his_o kinsman_n with_o power_n that_o upon_o tender_a of_o a_o ring_n by_o he_o he_o may_v revoke_v the_o use_n and_o this_o be_v forfeit_a by_o his_o attainder_n and_o the_o queen_n by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n make_v to_o two_o do_v tender_v the_o ring_n for_o this_o be_v not_o precise_o or_o literal_o tie_v to_o englefields_n person_n no_o more_o than_o payment_n of_o money_n or_o such_o like_a and_o so_o in_o our_o case_n though_o by_o the_o law_n i_o take_v it_o that_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n must_v be_v in_o the_o view_n of_o both_o the_o party_n yet_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o attorney_n for_o as_o my_o own_o hand_n be_v not_o precise_o tie_v by_o the_o law_n to_o a_o express_a livery_n no_o more_o be_v my_o own_o eye_n express_o tie_v to_o this_o view_n and_o we_o see_v in_o view_n in_o a_o assize_n the_o under_o sheriff_n or_o dier_n 36._o h._n 8._o dier_n the_o sheriff_n bailiff_n by_o his_o direction_n may_v make_v the_o view_n and_o yet_o the_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o do_v the_o same_o case_n morse_n &_o penningtons_n case_n and_o in_o those_o case_n a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v serve_v as_o if_o the_o juror_n know_v the_o land_n but_o such_o a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v not_o serve_v in_o a_o feoffment_n but_o there_o the_o view_n must_v be_v actual_a yet_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o if_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v direct_v to_o a._n b._n to_o make_v livery_n and_o seisin_n he_o can_v do_v the_o same_o within_o the_o view_n for_o therein_o he_o do_v not_o pursue_v his_o warrant_n but_o if_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v special_a to_o give_v or_o take_v livery_n within_o the_o view_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n than_o the_o livery_n may_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n within_o the_o view_n as_o well_o as_o in_o comb_n case_v in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 9_o report_n where_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o a_o surrender_n of_o a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n which_o be_v as_o personal_a as_o this_o be_v in_o the_o take_a part_n because_o fealty_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v some_o thing_n may_v in_o this_o case_n be_v further_o allege_v in_o this_o three_o point_n which_o i_o now_o have_v in_o hand_n that_o be_v who_o must_v make_v the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n on_o the_o feoffee_n part_n whether_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n or_o both_o of_o they_o for_o lessee_n for_o year_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o his_o estate_n have_v not_o any_o perfection_n thereby_o and_o he_o seem_v himself_o but_o a_o deputy_n and_o if_o so_o than_o a_o deputy_n can_v make_v a_o deputy_n but_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o mere_o a_o deputy_n for_o if_o there_o be_v two_o lessee_n the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n s._n one_o of_o the_o lessee_n may_v take_v the_o livery_n and_o seisin_n yet_o if_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v make_v to_o two_o joint_o one_o of_o they_o can_v take_v it_o and_o if_o in_o our_o case_n the_o lessee_n have_v dye_v before_o entry_n the_o livery_n may_v have_v be_v make_v to_o his_o executor_n and_o power_n and_o authority_n can_v be_v apportion_v and_o come_v to_o executor_n in_o such_o manner_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o power_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o for_o these_o ensue_a for_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n can_v be_v prohibit_v from_o take_v his_o livery_n by_o the_o lessor_n but_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n may_v be_v countermand_v yet_o the_o lessee_n alone_o can_v make_v this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n neither_o can_v he_o in_o the_o remainder_n make_v the_o same_o because_o he_o can_v not_o himself_o accept_v of_o the_o present_a livery_n neither_o can_v he_o meddle_v with_o the_o present_a possession_n which_o a_o livery_n and_o scisin_n yield_v but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o remainder_n must_v join_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n for_o these_o reason_n first_o they_o be_v both_o one_o party_n to_o the_o deed_n so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v to_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o be_v to_o give_v life_n thereunto_o second_o they_o be_v but_o in_o law_n one_o tenant_n three_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o advoury_a and_o in_o many_o case_n the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v aid_n of_o he_o in_o remainder_n for_o the_o privity_n between_o their_o estate_n and_o although_o the_o lessee_n get_v no_o estate_n by_o the_o livery_n yet_o he_o assist_v himself_o thereby_o with_o the_o aid_n and_o strength_n of_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n and_o the_o livery_n go_v through_o his_o estate_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o the_o remainder_n therefore_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n and_o hereby_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v convey_v a_o good_a estate_n in_o the_o manner_n to_o i._o s._n in_o the_o remainder_n to_o maintain_v my_o position_n for_o he_o in_o the_o end_n of_o my_o case_n and_o here_o i_o end_v my_o three_o common_a law_n point_n and_o now_o be_o come_v to_o the_o statute_n the_o reader_n argument_n upon_o the_o statute_n and_o commission_n the_o sea_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n first_o touch_v our_o mare_n anglicum_fw-la in_o who_o the_o interest_n therein_o be_v and_o by_o what_o law_n the_o government_n thereof_o be_v be_v a_o fit_a question_n and_o worth_n the_o handle_n and_o in_o my_o argument_n therein_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o manifest_a by_o many_o proof_n and_o precident_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n that_o the_o king_n have_v therein_o these_o power_n and_o property_n videlicet_fw-la 1._o imperium_fw-la regale_n 2._o potestatem_fw-la legalem_fw-la 3._o proprietatem_fw-la tam_fw-la soli_fw-la quam_fw-la aquae_fw-la 4._o possessionem_fw-la &_o proficuum_fw-la tam_fw-la real_a quam_fw-la personale_fw-la and_o all_o these_o he_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o 6._o r._n 2._o fitz._n prot._n 46._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o 2._o 6._o r._n 2._o the_o legiance_n of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o crown_n of_o england_n this_o prove_v that_o on_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n have_v dominationem_fw-la &_o imperium_fw-la ut_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v these_o word_n charter_n admiral_n charter_n in_o it_o quod_fw-la habeat_fw-la potestatem_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la maritimis_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la waviata_fw-la flotsan_fw-la jetsan_n &_o lagan_n ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la depordita_fw-la seu_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la projecta_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o singula_fw-la casualia_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la vel_fw-la littora_fw-la crecas_fw-la vel_fw-la coster_fw-la as_o maris_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la aquas_fw-la dulces_fw-la portus_fw-la flumina_fw-la rivos_fw-la aut_fw-la alios_fw-la locos_fw-la superinundatos_fw-la quoscunque_fw-la inter_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la ceu_fw-la aquae_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la à _fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la primis_fw-la pontibus_fw-la versus_fw-la mare_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la imprimis_fw-la this_o charter_n be_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o admiral_n thereby_o power_n in_o maritine_n cause_n which_o prove_v the_o king_n legal_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n on_o
according_a to_o my_o say_a conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n here_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n my_o tenet_n therefore_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o low-water_n mark_n and_o that_o no_o custom_n can_v extend_v the_o ownership_n of_o a_o subject_a further_o that_o a_o subject_n can_v have_v the_o ground_n to_o the_o low-water_n mark_n but_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o it_o be_v very_o disputable_a whether_o ground_n before_o they_o be_v relinquish_v by_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o charter_n and_o grant_n from_o the_o crown_n i_o suppose_v they_o may_v that_o the_o word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v full_o describe_v by_o the_o say_a record_n of_o 43_o e._n 3._o of_o the_o abbot_n of_o ramsey_n that_o be_v that_o if_o the_o decrease_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o little_a and_o unperceiveable_a mean_n and_o grow_v only_o in_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n whereby_o some_o addition_n be_v make_v to_o the_o frontager_n ground_n these_o by_o these_o word_n may_v appertain_v to_o the_o subject_n and_o herein_o the_o say_a word_n have_v no_o other_o operation_n but_o land_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n by_o great_a quantity_n and_o by_o a_o sudden_a occasion_n and_o perceivable_a mean_n accrue_v whole_o to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o increase_n to_o the_o say_a county_n palatine_n for_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a do_v appertain_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o shore_n but_o now_o i_o be_o arrive_v at_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o first_o ground_n i_o set_v my_o foot_n on_o be_v the_o shore_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v littus_n maris_n it_o take_v the_o name_n whole_o from_o the_o sea_n as_o partake_v most_o with_o her_o nature_n and_o so_o exit_fw-la digniori_fw-la parte_fw-la appellatur_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v not_o all_o one_o with_o the_o sea_n nor_o with_o the_o land_n but_o participate_v with_o they_o both_o and_o mr._n bracton_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 12._o say_v that_o littora_fw-la maris_fw-la bracton_n bracton_n accessoria_fw-la what_o the_o shore_n be_v appear_v by_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n in_o his_o institutes_n lib._n 2._o pag._n 141._o and_o be_v there_o thus_o define_v justinian_n justinian_n littus_n maris_fw-la est_fw-la quousque_fw-la maximus_fw-la hibernicus_n &_o jus_o fluctus_fw-la eluderet_fw-la &_o quousque_fw-la fluctus_fw-la maris_fw-la in_o estate_n longius_fw-la exestuat_fw-la and_o with_o this_o agree_v cicero_n topicorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v not_o count_v for_o land_n or_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n or_o leave_v by_o it_o because_o at_o cicero_n cicero_n every_o full_a sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o water_n thereof_o in_o the_o 13._o chapter_n of_o st._n matthews_n gospel_n ver_fw-la 2_o 3._o it_o be_v say_v that_o 3._o mat._n 13._o 2_o 3._o our_o saviour_n jesus_n go_v into_o a_o ship_n and_o sate_v there_o and_o the_o whole_a multitude_n stand_v on_o the_o shore_n and_o he_o speak_v unto_o they_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o shore_n be_v the_o dry_a land_n because_o they_o stand_v thereon_o and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n for_o thereon_o stand_v a_o multitude_n and_o it_o be_v near_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o water_n because_o they_o hear_v jesus_n speak_v unto_o they_o out_o of_o the_o ship_n in_o point_n of_o property_n and_o ownership_n it_o be_v the_o king_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n be_v a_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o same_o as_o belong_v to_o his_o manor_n by_o prescription_n in_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o the_o civilian_n use_v the_o sea_n shore_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o and_o that_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a for_o diogenes_n the_o poor_a cynic_n as_o croesus_n the_o rich_a king_n casam_n 161._o ponere_fw-la &_o retia_fw-la siccare_fw-la but_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v in_o reason_n much_o surpass_v either_o the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o distinguish_v upon_o these_o for_o it_o be_v say_v rex_fw-la in_fw-la ca_fw-mi habit_n proprietatem_fw-la sed_fw-la populus_fw-la habet_fw-la usum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la necessarium_fw-la so_o that_o as_o to_o the_o lade_n and_o unlade_v of_o ship_n and_o for_o dry_v of_o net_n there_o and_o for_o other_o necessary_a business_n the_o subject_n have_v these_o use_n therein_o but_o the_o soil_n and_o ground_n thereof_o belong_v proper_o dom_a '_o regi_fw-la and_o a_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o shore_n to_o be_v the_o extreme_a point_n both_o of_o land_n and_o water_n be_v in_o a_o great_a error_n for_o as_o justinian_n say_v in_o his_o institutes_n quod_fw-la gemmae_fw-la &_o lapilli_fw-la praeciosi_fw-la inveniuntur_fw-la which_o can_v be_v take_v no_o otherwise_o sed_fw-la super_fw-la terram_fw-la aqua_fw-la relictam_fw-la so_o that_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o sea_n shore_n sea_n coast_n the_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v next_o in_o order_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o costera_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v word_n well_o know_v but_o their_o confine_a definition_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v find_v out_o yet_o certain_o they_o contain_v the_o shore_n and_o bank_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o eliz._n chap._n 24._o a_o act_n be_v make_v for_o the_o mend_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o 24._o 27_o eliz._n 24._o sea_n work_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n but_o in_o the_o 7._o chap._n of_o maccabee_n coast_n have_v a_o large_a extent_n for_o there_o demetrius_n son_n of_o seleucus_n depart_v from_o rome_n and_o come_v to_o a_o city_n of_o the_o sea_n 7._o maccabee_n 7._o coast_n here_o a_o whole_a city_n be_v set_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o in_o justine_n treat_v of_o alexander_n the_o great_a it_o be_v report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o enter_v into_o licia_n and_o pamphilia_n and_o win_v and_o conquer_v all_o justine_n justine_n the_o sea_n coast_n this_o can_v be_v take_v for_o no_o less_o than_o whole_a country_n for_o alexander_n great_a mind_n and_o huge_a army_n can_v not_o march_v on_o a_o molehill_n or_o small_a tract_n of_o ground_n in_o st._n mark_n chap._n 7._o it_o be_v thus_o write_v that_o jesus_n depart_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o tyre_n and_o sydon_n come_v to_o galilee_n so_o that_o it_o may_v thereby_o be_v gather_v that_o these_o coast_n be_v near_o the_o sea_n for_o our_o saviour_n be_v no_o soon_o out_o of_o the_o coast_n but_o he_o be_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o show_v that_o sea_n and_o coast_n be_v contiguè_fw-fr jacentia_fw-la yet_o no_o certain_a definition_n can_v i_o find_v of_o the_o word_n coast_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a description_n yet_o this_o i_o gather_v and_o collect_v thereby_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n a_o whole_a kingdom_n lie_v next_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o sea_n coast_n and_o a_o whole_a county_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o next_o town_n and_o territory_n thereof_o lie_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o our_o law_n take_v to_o be_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o no_o other_o and_o therefore_o some_o do_v much_o err_v which_o take_v coast_n to_o be_v the_o edge_n of_o land_n next_o the_o water_n and_o shore_n to_o be_v the_o brink_n of_o the_o water_n next_o the_o land_n quasi_fw-la duo_fw-la opposita_fw-la and_o because_o creek_n havens_n and_o port_n be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o charge_n of_o this_o law_n and_o this_o statute_n be_v material_o make_v in_o defence_n thereof_o and_o as_o they_o differ_v in_o appellation_n so_o they_o vary_v in_o definition_n yet_o they_o do_v in_o some_o thing_n agree_v in_o the_o material_a i_o will_v therefore_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n of_o they_o creek_n creek_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o inlet_n of_o sea_n corner_a into_o the_o main_a land_n shoot_v with_o a_o narrow_a passage_n into_o some_o angle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o therein_o stretch_v itself_o more_o then_o ordinary_a into_o the_o land_n and_o so_o hold_v not_o even_a quarter_n with_o the_o levant_n sea_n and_o such_o creek_n or_o inlet_n we_o common_o term_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v arm_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o like_a as_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o man_n shoot_v out_o from_o the_o body_n so_o by_o a_o metaphor_n the_o inlet_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o the_o land_n be_v call_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o it_o go_v far_o into_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o point_n of_o land_n on_o both_o side_n may_v well_o be_v discover_v and_o this_o appear_v in_o that_o great_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n on_o humber_n where_o it_o
bring_v against_o some_o of_o their_o officer_n and_o minister_n for_o execute_v their_o decree_n and_o warrant_n their_o lordship_n find_v in_o their_o wisdom_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o stand_v with_o law_n nor_o with_o common_a sense_n or_o reason_n that_o in_o a_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a consequent_a the_o law_n can_v be_v so_o void_a of_o providence_n as_o to_o restrain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n from_o make_v new_a work_n to_o restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o water_n aswell_o as_o to_o repair_v the_o old_a where_o necessity_n do_v require_v it_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n or_o to_o cause_v a_o charge_n upon_o the_o town_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_a that_o be_v interest_v in_o the_o benefit_n or_o loss_n without_o attend_v particular_a survey_n or_o admeasurement_n of_o acre_n when_o the_o service_n be_v to_o have_v speedy_a and_o sudden_a execution_n or_o that_o a_o commission_n of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n and_o of_o so_o great_a use_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o evident_a necessity_n and_o of_o so_o ancient_a jurisdiction_n both_o before_o the_o statute_n and_o since_o shall_v want_v mean_n of_o coercion_n for_o obedience_n to_o their_o order_n warrant_n and_o decree_n when_o as_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o the_o preservation_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n live_v good_n and_o land_n do_v depend_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o direct_a frustrate_v and_o overthrow_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n of_o sewer_n if_o the_o commissioner_n their_o officer_n and_o minister_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o every_o suit_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o delinquent_n in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o so_o to_o weary_a and_o discourage_v all_o man_n from_o do_v their_o duty_n in_o that_o behalf_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o for_o the_o supreme_a reason_n above_o all_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o salvation_n of_o the_o king_n land_n and_o people_n their_o lordship_n do_v order_n that_o the_o person_n former_o commit_v by_o this_o board_n for_o their_o contempt_n concern_v this_o cause_n shall_v stand_v commit_v until_o they_o release_v or_o sufficient_o discharge_v such_o action_n suit_n and_o demand_n as_o they_o have_v bring_v at_o the_o common_a law_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n or_o any_o the_o minister_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n save_v unto_o they_o nevertheless_o any_o complaint_n or_o suit_n for_o any_o oppression_n or_o grievance_n before_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n or_o this_o table_n if_o they_o receive_v not_o justice_n at_o the_o commissioner_n hand_n and_o their_o lordship_n further_a order_n that_o letter_n from_o the_o table_n shall_v be_v write_v to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o decree_n of_o like_a nature_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v needful_a require_v encourage_v and_o warrant_v they_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o several_a commission_n according_a unto_o former_a practice_n and_o usuage_v any_o late_a disturbance_n opposition_n or_o conceit_n of_o law_n whereupon_o the_o say_a disturbance_n have_v be_v ground_v notwithstanding_o with_o admonition_n nevertheless_o that_o care_n be_v take_v that_o there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n give_v by_o any_o abuse_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n examinat_fw-la '_o per_fw-la edmund_n cleric_n '_o consilii_fw-la present_v at_o this_o order_n make_v be_v 1._o the_o king_n majesty_n in_o person_n 2._o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 3._o l._n chancellor_n elsmeare_v 4._o l._n treasure_n earl_n of_o suffolk_n 5._o l._n steward_n d._n de_fw-fr lenox_n 6._o l._n admiral_n howard_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n 7._o l._n chamberlain_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n 8._o e._n of_o arundel_n howard_n 9_o viscount_n wallingford_n 10._o viscount_n fenton_n 11._o andrews_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 12._o lord_n wotton_n 13._o lord_n cary._n 14._o secretary_n winwood_n 15._o secretary_n lake_n 16._o sir_n foulk_n grevil_n chancellor_n of_o the_o exchequer_n 17._o master_n of_o the_o roll_n cesar_n 18._o sir_n francis_n bacon_n attorney-general_n all_o of_o they_o of_o the_o privy-councel_n this_o order_n be_v in_o some_o point_v legal_a and_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o direction_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o precedent_n of_o state_n and_o it_o thereby_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n learned_a counsel_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v new_a work_n may_v be_v order_v and_o decree_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o the_o same_o have_v warrant_n from_o former_a precedent_n but_o the_o last_o allegation_n on_o the_o contrary_a party_n be_v very_o forcible_a against_o this_o argument_n that_o by_o the_o make_n and_o erect_v of_o these_o new_a defence_n the_o inheritance_n of_o private_a person_n be_v thereby_o prejudice_v whereon_o they_o be_v build_v yet_o as_o cato_n say_v vix_fw-la ulla_fw-la lex_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la quae_fw-la omnibus_fw-la utilis_fw-la sit_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la majori_fw-la cato_n cato_n parti_fw-la proficiat_fw-la sufficit_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o objection_n i_o thus_o answer_v that_o these_o new_a work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n or_o for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o so_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v therein_o deep_o interest_v and_o engage_v and_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o commonweal_n be_v of_o great_a account_n in_o the_o law_n than_o the_o interest_n of_o private_a person_n and_o so_o it_o be_v 13_o h._n 8._o fol._n 16._o that_o the_o commonwealth_n 8._o 13._o h._n 8._o shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o private_a estate_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n a_o private_a person_n shall_v receive_v damage_n if_o otherwise_o it_o can_v be_v eschew_v as_o a_o private_a man_n house_n shall_v be_v pull_v down_o if_o the_o next_o house_n thereto_o be_v on_o fire_n to_o save_v the_o town_n and_o the_o suburb_n of_o a_o city_n may_v be_v pull_v down_o in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o save_v the_o city_n and_o bulwark_n may_v be_v raise_v on_o private_a man_n ground_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o great_a enemy_n can_v there_o be_v then_o the_o sea_n who_o threaten_v with_o his_o merciless_a wave_n to_o swallow_v up_o all_o before_o it_o but_o that_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a have_v tie_v 27._o pro_fw-la ch_n 8._o ver_fw-la 27._o and_o bind_v he_o in_o the_o fetter_n of_o his_o eternal_a decree_n and_o give_v policy_n and_o mean_n to_o man_n to_o keep_v he_o from_o invade_v the_o land_n by_o artificial_a work_n proper_a for_o such_o service_n therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n by_o the_o very_a true_a intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o by_o a_o just_a equal_a and_o reasonable_a construction_n it_o shall_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a and_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o consideration_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n for_o erect_v and_o make_v of_o new_a bank_n new_a wall_n goat_n stream_n sluice_n and_o other_o necessary_a defence_n against_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n for_o ubi_fw-la nova_fw-la fit_a maris_fw-la incursio_fw-la ibi_fw-la novum_fw-la est_fw-la apponendum_fw-la remedium_fw-la with_o this_o caution_n that_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o commonweal_n a_o private_a man_n welfare_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o the_o charge_n trouble_n and_o burden_n of_o the_o country_n and_o with_o this_o also_o that_o where_o any_o man_n particular_a interest_n and_o inheritance_n be_v prejudice_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n cause_n by_o any_o such_o new_a erect_a work_n that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v order_v to_o recompense_v the_o same_o which_o have_v good_a thereby_o according_a as_o be_v wise_o and_o discreet_o order_v by_o two_o several_a statute_n the_o one_o make_v in_o anno_fw-la 27_o eliz._n cap._n 22._o 22._o 27_o el._n c._n 22._o rastal_n havens_n and_o rivers_n be_v where_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o compound_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o new_a cut_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o other_o 3_o jac._n reg._n cap._n for_o bring_v the_o new_a stream_n jac._n 3_o jac._n to_o london_n and_o although_o these_o statute_n hold_v not_o in_o the_o general_a case_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o say_v particular_a matter_n therein_o express_v yet_o they_o may_v serve_v as_o good_a rule_n to_o direct_v our_o commissioner_n to_o imitate_v upon_o like_a occasion_n happen_v the_o second_o point_n upon_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v by_o my_o case_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v decree_v a_o new_a bank_n to_o be_v raise_v and_o a_o new_a river_n to_o be_v cast_v and_o a_o old_a sewer_n to_o be_v repair_v upon_o their_o view_n survey_v
and_o discretion_n the_o word_n of_o this_o commission_n upon_o which_o i_o frame_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n be_v these_o videlicet_fw-la we_o have_v assign_v you_o theophilus_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n robert_z lord_z willoughby_z of_o earsbie_n sir_n george_n manner_n knight_n sir_n philip_z tyrwhit_o and_o sir_n john_n wray_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n william_n pelham_n sir_n john_n read_v sir_n edward_n ascough_n sir_n hamond_n knight_n anthony_n erby_n esq_n quor_n '_o the_o say_a earl_n lord_n and_o sir_n george_n manner_n we_o will_v to_o be_v three_o to_o survey_v the_o wall_n bank_n drain_v sewer_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o same_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v repair_v amend_v or_o put_v down_o as_o cause_n shall_v require_v after_o your_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n and_o to_o do_v after_o our_o statute_n as_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o lawful_a and_o honest_a man_n of_o those_o place_n where_o such_o default_n be_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o which_o word_n i_o conceive_v that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o proceed_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n viz._n first_o by_o survey_n 2._o by_o jury_n 3._o by_o discretion_n wherein_o it_o behove_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o know_v perfect_o how_o to_o use_v and_o dispose_v of_o their_o power_n with_o due_a understanding_n of_o these_o part_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o law_n and_o the_o better_a to_o prepare_v they_o herein_o i_o shall_v take_v some_o pain_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o survey_n without_o a_o jury_n and_o what_o by_o jury_n and_o what_o by_o their_o discretion_n without_o both_o survey_n and_o jury_n view_n and_o survey_n view_n be_v the_o primary_n part_n of_o survey_n and_o survey_n be_v much_o but_o not_o altogether_o direct_v by_o view_n it_o be_v true_a that_o view_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v and_o perform_v in_o person_n and_o such_o view_n be_v take_v in_o trial_n of_o assize_n yet_o by_o the_o 36_o hen._n 8._o in_o dyer_n fol._n 61._o case_n peningtons_n case_n a_o very_a personal_a view_n need_v not_o in_o a_o assize_n if_o upon_o examination_n of_o the_o juror_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o they_o know_v the_o ground_n in_o question_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o can_v put_v the_o party_n in_o possession_n if_o he_o recover_v but_o in_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n a_o express_a personal_a view_n be_v both_o require_v and_o requisite_a for_o the_o word_n of_o that_o writ_n direct_v the_o sheriff_n accedere_fw-la ad_fw-la locum_fw-la vastatum_fw-la in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v a_o diversity_n between_o a_o view_n and_o a_o survey_n for_o by_o the_o view_n one_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n only_o by_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o survey_v be_v not_o only_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o thing_n by_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o by_o use_v other_o ceremony_n and_o circumstance_n as_o the_o hand_n to_o measure_v and_o the_o foot_n to_o pace_v the_o distance_n and_o the_o commissioner_n surveyor_n have_v power_n to_o take_v information_n by_o examination_n of_o other_o and_o although_o judge_v fitz._n in_o 27_o h._n 8._o fol._n 27._o hold_n a_o surveyor_n of_o very_o small_a esteem_n in_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n that_o be_v that_o he_o may_v hear_v see_v and_o say_v nothing_o oy_a voier_n &_o rien_fw-fr dier_z yet_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o that_o book_n i_o take_v a_o surveyor_n to_o be_v of_o more_o esteem_n and_o authority_n for_o by_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o 4_o edw._n 1._o rastal_a surveyor_n first_o he_o be_v there_o describe_v to_o be_v a_o man_n which_o be_v to_o view_v the_o work_n and_o to_o make_v inquity_n 1._o 4_o ed._n 1._o and_o to_o set_v down_o which_o be_v copyhold_n which_o be_v freehold_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o surveyor_n be_v a_o actor_n and_o not_o a_o looker_n on_o as_o mr._n fitzherbert_n will_v have_v he_o so_o by_o these_o description_n the_o commissioner_n may_v inform_v themselves_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n survey_v put_v in_o the_o statute_n and_o many_o of_o our_o statute_n take_v notice_n of_o such_o a_o officer_n as_o a_o surveyor_n for_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o bridge_n and_o highway_n there_o be_v such_o officer_n appoint_v and_o in_o the_o statute_n make_v for_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n there_o be_v a_o grave_a officer_n appoint_v who_o be_v call_v the_o surveyor_n general_a of_o that_o court_n and_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n in_o matter_n there_o handle_v and_o there_o be_v also_o a_o officer_n in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n call_v a_o surveyor_n who_o have_v no_o judicial_a power_n but_o be_v mere_o a_o officer_n what_o thing_n officer_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o survey_n only_o every_o thing_n which_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o do_v must_v be_v by_o true_a understanding_n of_o their_o authority_n and_o this_o must_v be_v so_o do_v that_o they_o make_v such_o distinction_n difference_n and_o application_n as_o may_v stand_v with_o knowledge_n skill_n and_o learning_n or_o otherwise_o their_o proceed_n will_v prove_v irregular_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o meet_v to_o describe_v the_o officer_n surveyor_n as_o former_o i_o have_v do_v but_o also_o his_o office_n which_o i_o now_o mean_a to_o do_v first_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v view_v the_o defence_n and_o thereby_o may_v inform_v themselves_o which_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o repair_v and_o amend_v and_o which_o not_o and_o wherein_o the_o default_n and_o defect_n appear_v to_o be_v and_o what_o they_o be_v second_o they_o may_v by_o survey_n take_v notice_n and_o knowledge_n by_o conference_n with_o carpenter_n mason_n smith_n and_o other_o officer_n what_o thing_n be_v fit_v to_o be_v provide_v for_o effect_v the_o work_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n will_v be_v spend_v for_o the_o finish_n thereof_o three_o the_o commissioner_n may_v by_o view_n and_o survey_v take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n in_o the_o bank_n wall_n rivers_n stream_n gutter_n sewer_n and_o of_o the_o height_n and_o lowness_n of_o the_o say_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o may_v thereby_o discover_v and_o find_v out_o the_o want_n imperfection_n weakness_n and_o strength_n of_o they_o and_o so_o may_v cause_v the_o let_n and_o impediment_n to_o be_v remove_v and_o the_o want_v to_o be_v supply_v and_o the_o weak_a place_n strengthen_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v four_o also_o by_o survey_n only_o they_o may_v sufficient_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o encroachment_n and_o of_o the_o straitness_n depth_n wideness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o river_n stream_n gutter_n and_o sewer_n and_o may_v view_v the_o defect_n in_o these_o kind_n these_o thing_n i_o have_v produce_v as_o proper_a to_o be_v perform_v by_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o jury._n first_o what_o person_n or_o person_n do_v erect_v and_o set_v up_o any_o let_v and_o impediment_n as_o a_o floodgate_n mill-dam_n or_o such_o like_a must_v be_v find_v by_o jury_n for_o here_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o be_v these_o and_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n or_o shire_n place_n or_o place_n where_o such_o default_n or_o annoyance_n be_v as_o well_o within_o liberty_n as_o without_o by_o who_o the_o truth_n may_v rather_o be_v know_v through_o who_o default_n the_o say_a hurt_n and_o damage_n have_v happen_v or_o who_o have_v or_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o profit_n of_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n loss_n or_o disadvantage_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o mean_n in_o the_o say_a place_n as_o well_o near_o to_o the_o say_a danger_n let_n or_o impediment_n as_o inhabit_v or_o dwell_v thereabouts_o by_o the_o say_a wall_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o first_o article_n be_v full_a within_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o jury_n and_o no_o other_o accusation_n be_v of_o sufficient_a strength_n in_o the_o law_n to_o put_v a_o man_n to_o his_o answer_n and_o herein_o the_o maker_n of_o these_o law_n do_v sage_o for_o how_o shall_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n take_v notice_n by_o view_n or_o survey_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v or_o commit_v in_o their_o absence_n second_o if_o any_o wall_n bank_n river_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v defective_a by_o neglect_n or_o sufferance_n of_o such_o as_o shall_v repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o inquire_v by_o
jury_n in_o who_o default_n the_o same_o happen_v three_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o inquire_v what_o person_n or_o person_n ought_v or_o be_v bind_v by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o or_o for_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o what_o land_n or_o ground_n he_o or_o they_o be_v tie_v or_o bind_v to_o do_v the_o repair_v and_o where_o those_o ground_n do_v lie_v and_o who_o be_v the_o owner_n thereof_o four_o also_o it_o must_v be_v inquire_v by_o jury_n what_o ground_n lie_v within_o the_o hurt_n or_o danger_n of_o water_n either_o within_o the_o surrounder_n by_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o to_o who_o they_o do_v belong_v five_o and_o if_o a_o new_a sluice_n goat_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v build_v and_o make_v or_o a_o new_a sewer_n gutter_n or_o trench_n to_o be_v cast_v this_o may_v be_v determine_v of_o by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o so_o may_v the_o aptness_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v or_o cast_v and_o the_o length_n height_n breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o they_o for_o these_o thing_n be_v proper_a for_o a_o view_n and_o survey_v but_o what_o person_n hold_v land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v of_o by_o jury_n and_o these_o few_o cause_n i_o have_v put_v for_o example_n sake_n and_o if_o any_o other_o fall_v out_o within_o the_o like_a reason_n than_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o same_o construction_n six_o in_o every_o case_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v it_o must_v be_v by_o presentment_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n upon_o their_o oath_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la per_fw-la statutum_fw-la de_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 14._o nulla_fw-la miserecord_n '_o ponatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la etc._n etc._n surveyor_n presentment_n but_o it_o have_v be_v use_v that_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n have_v make_v presentment_n of_o default_n of_o thing_n govern_v by_o these_o law_n but_o whether_o such_o a_o presentment_n be_v bind_v or_o not_o be_v a_o good_a point_n it_o be_v clear_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o they_o can_v make_v no_o presentment_n but_o such_o as_o happen_v within_o their_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v they_o former_o appear_v they_o can_v present_v that_o i._o s._n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o sewer_n for_o this_o be_v not_o within_o their_o office_n in_o kelloways_n report_n fol._n 141._o there_o be_v a_o custom_n allege_v that_o 141._o kelloways_n rep._n fol._n 141._o two_o man_n within_o the_o provost_n may_v present_v the_o article_n of_o the_o leet_n but_o i_o doubt_v of_o such_o presentment_n though_o it_o have_v a_o custom_n to_o strengthen_v it_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o a_o original_a presentment_n surveyor_n can_v make_v as_o to_o present_v i._o s._n that_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n but_o the_o surveyor_n may_v make_v a_o supplemental_a presentment_n as_o for_o example_n if_o it_o have_v be_v present_v before_o by_o a_o jury_n that_o i._o s._n ought_v to_o have_v repair_v such_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v not_o do_v the_o same_o and_o day_n be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o repair_v at_o the_o day_n the_o surveyor_n may_v present_v in_o this_o case_n the_o not_o repair_v because_o this_o be_v but_o a_o oath_n of_o assistance_n ad_fw-la informandum_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la for_o the_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o say_v former_a presentment_n and_o this_o latter_a presentment_n by_o the_o surveyor_n be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o justice_n notice_n of_o the_o party_n far_a neglect_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v impose_v the_o great_a amerciament_n and_o a_o presentment_n by_o surveyor_n be_v not_o traversable_a be_v of_o so_o small_a esteem_n in_o law_n as_o our_o law_n will_v not_o vouchsafe_v to_o take_v a_o issue_n upon_o it_o for_o their_o act_n herein_o be_v not_o in_o the_o ordinary_a legal_a form_n what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o discretion_n discretion_n be_v the_o herb_n of_o grace_n that_o i_o can_v wish_v every_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n well_o store_v withal_o for_o the_o maker_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v a_o intention_n to_o make_v it_o of_o great_a use_n be_v literal_o nominate_v nine_o or_o ten_o time_n in_o this_o law_n &_o for_o this_o cause_n i_o have_v insert_v in_o my_o case_n but_o note_n that_o the_o word_n wisdom_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o and_o the_o word_n good_a be_v annex_v to_o they_o both_o as_o best_o show_v of_o what_o pure_a metal_n they_o shall_v be_v make_v of_o after_o your_o good_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n there_o be_v three_o several_a degree_n of_o discretion_n discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la specialis_fw-la discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la be_v require_v of_o every_o one_o in_o every_o thing_n that_o he_o be_v to_o do_v or_o attempt_v legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la be_v that_o which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n mean_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o rook_n and_o keighly_n case_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la scire_fw-la pro_fw-la legem_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v mere_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o prescribe_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v this_o discretion_n limit_v that_o it_o go_v not_o beyond_o or_o beside_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o be_v execute_v and_o this_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o law_n for_o cicero_n say_v sapientis_fw-la est_fw-la judicis_fw-la cogitare_fw-la tantum_fw-la sibi_fw-la esse_fw-la permissum_fw-la quantum_fw-la cicero_n cicero_n sit_fw-la commissum_fw-la aut_fw-la creditum_fw-la the_o three_o discretion_n be_v where_o the_o law_n have_v give_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o be_v direct_v by_o in_o a_o case_n within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n there_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o order_v these_o affair_n with_o such_o wisdom_n and_o judgement_n that_o although_o their_o censure_n be_v not_o frame_v in_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o do_v therein_o secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la and_o herein_o discretion_n be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o give_v the_o rule_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o legal_a discretion_n there_o discretion_n be_v but_o a_o servant_n and_o be_v tie_v to_o attend_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o there_o the_o law_n direct_v the_o censure_n and_o discretion_n be_v but_o to_o do_v the_o same_o wise_o &_o temporal_o for_o ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la sir_n ed._n cook_n in_o book_n case_n 5_o report_n give_v this_o rule_n to_o the_o cato_n cato_n commissioner_n that_o although_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n yet_o their_o proceed_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v and_o bound_v within_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o that_o discretion_n be_v a_o science_n to_o discern_v betwixt_o falsity_n and_o truth_n between_o right_a and_o wrong_n between_o shadow_n and_o substance_n betwixt_o equity_n and_o colourable_a gloss_n and_o the_o commissioner_n ought_v not_o to_o follow_v their_o will_n and_o private_a affection_n for_o that_o talis_fw-la discretio_fw-la discretionem_fw-la confundit_fw-la and_o therefore_o now_o i_o will_v declare_v in_o few_o word_n in_o what_o thing_n these_o commissioner_n be_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o good_a discretion_n first_o the_o quantity_n of_o fines_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n item_n imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o offender_n when_o they_o deserve_v and_o the_o time_n how_o long_o lie_v much_o in_o their_o discretion_n item_n it_o lie_v in_o their_o grave_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n when_o and_o where_o to_o erect_v new_a wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o raise_v and_o levy_v therefore_o the_o election_n of_o officer_n lie_v in_o their_o discretion_n it_o lie_v many_o time_n in_o their_o discretion_n who_o to_o fine_a and_o who_o to_o imprison_v i_o take_v it_o this_o word_n discretion_n use_v in_o the_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n to_o order_n business_n there_o arise_v in_o course_n of_o equity_n for_o hoc_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la but_o to_o proceed_v secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la i_o have_v put_v these_o few_o case_n as_o example_n to_o direct_v and_o instruct_v what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o
dispose_v of_o they_o four_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o clerk_n proper_a to_o themselves_o to_o register_n their_o law_n five_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n which_o be_v judgement_n in_o effect_n and_o some_o of_o they_o can_v be_v reverse_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o last_o writ_n of_o error_n have_v be_v bring_v to_o reverse_v judgement_n give_v in_o that_o court_n for_o all_o which_o cause_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n of_o record_n although_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v in_o aliquo_fw-la loco_fw-la certo_fw-la so_o be_v the_o king_n bench_n a_o court_n of_o more_o eminency_n than_o this_o but_o ubicunque_fw-la fuerimus_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la and_o for_o express_v authority_n in_o the_o point_n of_o gregory_n case_n in_o the_o 6_o report_n of_o cook_n chief_a justice_n that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n imprisonment_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o high_a consequence_n whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o these_o law_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n for_o any_o thing_n touch_v the_o same_o for_o that_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n seem_v to_o sway_v somewhat_o against_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o freeborn_a subject_n and_o it_o be_v say_v in_o bonham_n case_n 28_o h._n 8._o in_o dyer_n that_o liberty_n be_v a_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n much_o favore_v and_o i_o find_v in_o our_o book_n of_o law_n that_o the_o judge_n have_v be_v very_o careful_a and_o curious_a in_o not_o extend_v word_n contain_v in_o charter_n to_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n unless_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o point_n and_o therefore_o in_o clerk_n case_n in_o sir_n ed._n cook_n 5_o report_n fol._n 64._o case_n clark_n case_n the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o term_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v at_o st._n alban_n and_o the_o major_a there_o and_o his_o brethren_n do_v assess_v every_o townsman_n towards_o erect_v and_o build_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o make_v a_o order_n that_o he_o which_o shall_v refuse_v to_o assist_v and_o pay_v shall_v be_v imprison_v and_o one_o be_v arrest_v and_o imprison_v bring_v his_o action_n of_o false_a imprisonment_n against_o the_o major_n who_o plead_v in_o effect_n that_o they_o be_v incorporate_a by_o king_n edward_n 6._o and_o have_v power_n grant_v to_o they_o in_o their_o alban_n major_a of_o st._n alban_n charter_n to_o make_v ordinance_n by_o reason_n whereof_o they_o make_v the_o say_a order_n and_o so_o justify_v the_o imprisonment_n but_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o the_o major_n for_o that_o by_o the_o say_a charter_n they_o have_v not_o any_o power_n to_o make_v a_o ordinance_n to_o imprison_v a_o man_n body_n for_o that_o be_v against_o the_o grand_a charter_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 29._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la imprisonetur_fw-la charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la but_o by_o that_o book_n they_o may_v have_v inflict_v a_o penalty_n and_o have_v distrain_v or_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o it_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n in_o the_o 8._o report_n king_n hen._n 8._o incorporate_v the_o physician_n of_o london_n and_o give_v they_o power_n by_o charter_n to_o examine_v the_o imperites_fw-la &_o to_o find_v out_o the_o defect_n et_fw-la pro_fw-la delictis_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o non_fw-la bene_fw-la exequendo_fw-la faciendo_fw-la &_o utendo_fw-la illos_fw-la per_fw-la punitionem_fw-la eorum_fw-la delinquentium_fw-la per_fw-la fine_n amerciamentum_fw-la &_o imprisonomentum_fw-la corporum_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n they_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o i_o find_v their_o charter_n confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o in_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o queen_n do_v award_v a_o commission_n direct_v to_o certain_a commissioner_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o controversy_n betwixt_o scrog_n and_o colshil_n touch_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la and_o that_o if_o scrog_n shall_v refuse_v to_o obey_v to_o make_v answer_n before_o they_o they_o shall_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o last_o commission_n i_o much_o doubt_n of_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n have_v no_o power_n to_o commit_v any_o man_n but_o if_o any_o abuse_n or_o misdemeanour_n be_v commit_v in_o contempt_n or_o derogation_n of_o their_o authority_n they_o may_v make_v certificate_n thereof_o into_o the_o chancery_n and_o refer_v the_o punishment_n thereof_o to_o the_o will_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o lord_n keeper_n for_o the_o time_n be_v in_o godfrey_n case_n in_o the_o 11_o report_n there_o be_v a_o discourse_n what_o case_n godfrey_n case_n court_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o which_o not_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v some_o court_n may_v fine_a but_o not_o imprison_v as_o the_o court_v leet_n and_o sheriff_n turn_v some_o other_o can_v neither_o fine_a nor_o imprison_v as_o court_n baron_n and_o county_n court_v and_o some_o can_v neither_o fine_a imprison_v nor_o amerce_v as_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o some_o may_v imprison_v and_o not_o fine_a as_o chief_a constable_n at_o their_o petty_a session_n for_o a_o affray_n do_v in_o disturbance_n of_o they_o and_o other_o court_n there_o be_v which_o may_v fine_a imprison_v and_o amerce_v as_o the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster_n so_o that_o imprisonment_n be_v not_o incident_a to_o every_o court_n nor_o to_o every_o offence_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v the_o body_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o court_n of_o record_n but_o be_v authorize_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v word_n in_o the_o commission_n and_o statute_n which_o will_v bear_v this_o construction_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v viz._n and_o all_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v find_v negligent_a gainsay_v or_o rebel_n in_o the_o work_n reparation_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n or_o negligent_a in_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o commissioner_n that_o you_o compel_v they_o by_o distress_n fines_n and_o amerciament_n and_o by_o other_o punishment_n way_n or_o mean_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n be_v strong_a and_o large_a enough_o to_o authorise_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a cause_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o here_o they_o be_v to_o be_v careful_a and_o not_o to_o think_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v fine_a or_o amerce_v in_o any_o case_n because_o the_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o but_o this_o construction_n must_v be_v thereof_o make_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v where_o imprisonment_n be_v due_a and_o fine_a in_o case_n fineable_a and_o amerce_v in_o case_n amerciable_a and_o distrain_v where_o a_o distress_n proper_o lie_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o they_o may_v not_o imprison_v where_o by_o the_o law_n imprisonment_n be_v not_o due_a but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a punnishment_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o its_o proper_a kind_n for_o these_o word_n promiscuous_o put_v together_o must_v be_v order_v by_o a_o just_a and_o legal_a construction_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o i_o have_v know_v the_o word_n of_o a_o statute_n general_o and_o promiscuous_o put_v together_o have_v be_v marshal_v according_a to_o their_o distributive_a operation_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o rich._n 3._o which_o be_v that_o all_o feoffment_n gift_n grant_n release_v and_o confirmation_n of_o land_n make_v by_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v be_v good_a yet_o though_o these_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o notwithstanding_o the_o wise_a and_o discreet_a sage_n and_o expositor_n of_o our_o law_n have_v so_o marshal_v the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o make_v construction_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o possession_n may_v make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n may_v grant_v the_o land_n and_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n of_o a_o discontinue_v estate_n may_v release_v or_o confirm_v and_o yet_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v general_a howsoever_o reason_n must_v be_v the_o expositor_n that_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o due_a form_n of_o law_n and_o not_o in_o preposterous_a manner_n and_o these_o matter_n be_v thus_o pass_v over_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v myself_o to_o declare_v in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v fine_a and_o amerce_v and_o where_o not_o imprisonment_n fine_a and_o amerciament_n fines_n if_o one_o
debtor_n good_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o his_o sesse_v and_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o other_o law_n also_o in_o another_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v use_v these_o word_n and_o the_o clerk_n by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v assign_v to_o have_v two_o shilling_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la of_o the_o rate_n tax_n lot_n and_o waive_n as_o shall_v be_v assess_v or_o lose_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n to_o be_v levy_v or_o pay_v by_o their_o discretion_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o very_a express_a letter_n of_o this_o law_n the_o tax_n sess_v and_o rate_n may_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n which_o if_o they_o please_v may_v be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o offender_n good_n and_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o starute_n the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n which_o be_v do_v according_a to_o reason_n shall_v be_v hold_v for_o firm_a and_o inviolable_a and_o therefore_o upon_o just_a cause_n in_o my_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v a_o law_n or_o ordinance_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o good_n in_o furtherance_n of_o this_o service_n and_o this_o be_v a_o law_n which_o tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o be_v so_o profitable_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o same_o it_o be_v therefore_o good_a reason_n to_o extend_v the_o same_o and_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o as_o far_o as_o the_o letter_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o letter_n shall_v reach_v which_o may_v be_v as_o far_o as_o shall_v stand_v with_o reason_n and_o rule_n of_o other_o law_n statute_n custom_n and_o usage_n of_o other_o court_n which_o have_v power_n in_o sale_n of_o good_n in_o cause_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v not_o altogether_o without_o precedent_n for_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 36_o &_o 37._o marsh_n ch._n romney_n marsh_n it_o be_v say_v in_o these_o word_n in_o a_o debate_n between_o hamo_fw-la and_o godfrey_n et_fw-la predictus_fw-la hamo_fw-la concessit_fw-la prose_n &_o aliis_fw-la quod_fw-la computabit_fw-la cor_fw-la '_o vigint_fw-fr '_o quatuor_fw-la jurat_fw-la '_o elect_n '_o de_fw-la patria_fw-la super_fw-la districtionibus_fw-la &_o averiis_fw-la cap_a '_o predicti_fw-la godfredi_n pro_fw-la predict_v '_o walliis_fw-la &_o watergangiis_fw-la repar_fw-la '_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la istius_fw-la placiti_fw-la usque_fw-la nunc_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o districtiones_fw-la illas_fw-la secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la portionis_fw-la sibi_fw-la contingent_a interim_n pro_fw-la predict_v '_o walliis_fw-la &_o watergangiis_fw-la reparandum_fw-la sicut_fw-la predict_v '_o est_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v '_o districtiones_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la hamo_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la satisfacient_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la quod_fw-la injunctum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la per_fw-la predicti_fw-la comput_fw-la '_o inter_fw-la eos_fw-la de_fw-fr surplusagio_fw-it recepto_fw-la de_fw-la averiis_fw-la venditis_fw-la predict_v '_o godfredi_n occasione_n predict_v '_o hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o hamo_fw-la the_o bailiff_n sell_v the_o cattle_n of_o godfrey_n to_o make_v the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o watergange_n and_o our_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v after_o the_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n which_o by_o this_o precedent_n former_o vouch_v warrant_v the_o sale_n of_o good_n yet_o herein_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o bailiff_n which_o distrain_v not_o exit_fw-la osficio_fw-la without_o a_o special_a warrant_n first_o direct_v to_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o the_o commissioner_n make_v sale_n of_o good_n distrain_v for_o a_o lay_v tax_n or_o a_o sesse_n of_o sewer_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o be_v a_o good_a warrant_n for_o the_o commissioner_n to_o make_v a_o advise_v special_a law_n of_o sewer_n for_o sale_n of_o good_n distrain_v upon_o a_o just_a occasion_n before_o they_o direct_v any_o warrant_n exit_fw-la subito_fw-la to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o for_o any_o such_o purpose_n but_o now_o herein_o follow_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o consequence_n and_o worthy_a the_o handle_n that_o if_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n good_n may_v be_v sell_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o these_o work_n as_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o may_v than_o who_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v be_v the_o question_n next_o to_o be_v decide_v wherein_o to_o be_v brief_a i_o be_o firm_a of_o opinion_n that_o no_o good_n can_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o only_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n sess_v and_o tax_v though_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o other_o man_n be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n sess_v to_o the_o repair_v for_o i_o hold_v it_o not_o consonant_a to_o reason_n nor_o that_o it_o stand_v with_o any_o rule_n of_o law_n that_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o a_o stranger_n shall_v be_v absolute_o take_v away_o from_o he_o and_o sell_v for_o the_o debt_n and_o default_n of_o another_o man_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o case_n put_v in_o the_o 3_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 199._o may_v fit_o be_v apply_v to_o this_o point_n where_o eliz._n 3_o eliz._n a_o custom_n be_v allege_v for_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o have_v and_o take_v the_o best_a which_o his_o tenant_n have_v at_o his_o death_n and_o if_o such_o best_a beast_n shall_v be_v esloyn_v that_o then_o he_o may_v have_v and_o take_v the_o best_a beast_n of_o any_o other_o levant_n and_o couchant_a upon_o the_o land_n and_o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o void_a custom_n as_o to_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n to_o be_v make_v subject_n to_o such_o a_o forfeiture_n thus_o far_o i_o have_v pursue_v my_o argument_n in_o discourse_v upon_o these_o distress_n and_o touch_v such_o matter_n as_o do_v depend_v thereon_o because_o in_o my_o experience_n i_o have_v find_v they_o the_o ready_a part_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n and_o i_o have_v heretofore_o behold_v much_o enormous_a proceed_n therein_o both_o in_o the_o commissioner_n and_o in_o their_o officer_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o very_o needful_a to_o have_v treat_v thereon_o for_o their_o better_a direction_n in_o these_o affair_n hereafter_o replevin_n yet_o as_o i_o find_v distress_n to_o be_v the_o most_o useful_a execution_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n so_o i_o have_v see_v the_o proceed_n therein_o much_o stay_v and_o interrupt_v by_o the_o usual_a sue_n of_o replevin_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o say_v distress_n take_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n have_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o work_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v much_o let_v and_o hinder_v thereby_o and_o therefore_o the_o five_o point_n in_o my_o case_n do_v minister_v a_o good_a occasion_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o serious_a examination_n of_o they_o and_o now_o my_o intent_n be_v to_o declare_v in_o what_o case_n a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v and_o where_o not_o and_o sure_o this_o point_n have_v heretofore_o be_v much_o stir_v in_o and_o not_o without_o some_o cause_n for_o the_o very_a statute_n seem_v to_o allow_v of_o replevin_n in_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o action_n of_o trespass_n or_o any_o other_o action_n shall_v be_v attempt_v against_o any_o person_n for_o take_v any_o distress_n or_o for_o any_o other_o thing_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n that_o the_o defendant_n in_o such_o action_n may_v make_v avowry_n cognisance_n or_o justification_n for_o the_o take_n of_o the_o say_a distress_n trespass_n or_o other_o act_n whereof_o the_o plaintiff_n complain_v be_v do_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n for_o a_o lot_n or_o tax_n assess_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n or_o for_o other_o such_o act_n or_o cause_n as_o the_o defendant_n do_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o in_o what_o action_n can_v a_o man_n so_o proper_o make_v his_o avowry_n cognisance_n or_o justification_n as_o in_o a_o replevin_n be_v a_o word_n only_o apt_a for_o that_o action_n and_o a_o distress_n be_v de_fw-fr sva_fw-la natura_fw-la proper_o replevisable_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o for_o direct_v authority_n in_o the_o point_n it_o appear_v in_o rook_n case_n that_o a_o replevin_n be_v there_o sue_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o distress_n take_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o must_v here_o distinguish_v for_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n a_o replevin_n do_v not_o lie_v nor_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o any_o of_o his_o deputy_n for_o that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o judicial_a court_n of_o record_n &_o of_o great_a authority_n than_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n which_o in_o these_o case_n be_v but_o ministerial_a and_o the_o high_a authority_n that_o he_o have_v be_v but_o vicontiel_n which_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o therefore_o the_o sheriff_n
attaint_v of_o treason_n shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v and_o the_o word_n of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v the_o word_n which_o give_v that_o forfeiture_n the_o one_o in_o fee_n simple_a the_o other_o in_o fee_n tail_n and_o the_o word_n any_o presuppose_v more_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n than_o one_o but_o whether_o a_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n make_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n i_o think_v they_o shall_v be_v bar_v for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v that_o such_o a_o decree_n shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n &_o hereditament_n in_o uso_n possession_n remainder_n or_o reversion_n their_o heir_n and_o assign_v so_o that_o by_o express_a word_n it_o bind_v the_o heir_n and_o it_o will_v have_v bind_v the_o heir_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a without_o the_o word_n heir_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n therefore_o the_o word_n heir_n need_v not_o but_o only_o for_o the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n also_o if_o these_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n as_o many_o land_n be_v than_o be_v the_o land_n original_o bind_v and_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n stand_v charge_v with_o these_o sess_v as_o well_o as_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o last_o this_o be_v a_o law_n enact_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o be_v more_o to_o be_v favour_v then_o particular_a estate_n of_o heir_n in_o tail_n but_o the_o case_n of_o the_o praemunire_n be_v penal_a in_o point_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v to_o be_v strict_o take_v for_o the_o king_n and_o favourable_o for_o the_o subject_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v bind_v in_o these_o case_n of_o sale_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o be_v within_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n videlicet_fw-la heir_n general_o put_v which_o extend_v to_o heir_n in_o tail_n as_o well_o as_o to_o heir_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o charge_n shall_v bind_v both_o alike_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o sale_n shall_v bind_v both_o in_o regard_n the_o sale_n depend_v upon_o the_o charge_n and_o sesse_v if_o a_o prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n dean_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v sess_v to_o repair_v of_o work_n of_o sewer_n their_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o they_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o to_o bind_v their_o successor_n for_o as_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n extend_v to_o bind_v land_n by_o decree_n in_o perpetuity_n so_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 13_o and_o 14_o eliz._n restrain_v alienation_n and_o where_o those_o statute_n restrain_v they_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o general_a statute_n of_o sewer_n do_v not_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n in_o croft_n case_n crofts_n and_o howel_n case_n and_o howel_n case_v in_o blow_n comment_fw-fr a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o non-claim_a by_o five_o year_n do_v bind_v the_o corporation_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o cook_n in_o london_n for_o their_o right_n in_o land_n and_o so_o all_o other_o corporation_n which_o be_v absolute_a of_o themselves_o and_o need_v not_o the_o assent_n of_o any_o other_o as_o major_n and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n master_n and_o fellow_n of_o college_n but_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o of_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a and_o the_o like_a exposition_n do_v i_o make_v of_o they_o in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o will_v here_o make_v a_o distinction_n i_o be_o notwithstanding_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a for_o their_o own_o neglect_n be_v bind_v during_o their_o time_n but_o not_o their_o successor_n after_o they_o and_o note_v this_o statute_n though_o it_o mention_v heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o mention_n successor_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n also_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n as_o to_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v of_o land_n will_v bind_v woman_n covert_a baron_n infant_n person_n that_o be_v non_fw-la sanae_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o such_o like_a because_o it_o be_v a_o law_n make_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o zouche_n case_n in_o the_o com._n that_o the_o statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o of_o fine_n have_v bind_v infant_n idiot_n and_o woman_n court_v baron_n have_v they_o not_o be_v except_v in_o that_o statute_n a_o forciori_fw-la case_n zouch_v case_n shall_v they_o be_v comprise_v in_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o fine_n be_v make_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o weal-public_a but_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v make_v for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o if_o there_o be_v two_o tenant_n in_o common_a which_o be_v sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o such_o like_a work_n of_o sewer_n and_o one_o of_o they_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v his_o proportionable_a part_n whether_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v a_o moiety_n without_o partition_n both_o of_o the_o sesse_v and_o land_n be_v a_o question_n for_o their_o estate_n be_v several_a though_o there_o be_v a_o community_n in_o take_v of_o the_o profit_n and_o therefore_o the_o matter_n be_v whether_o the_o assess_v shall_v attend_v upon_o the_o possession_n which_o be_v in_o common_a or_o upon_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v several_a and_o although_o commissioner_n in_o assess_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o if_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o decree_v a_o man_n land_n from_o he_o they_o be_v then_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o of_o all_o other_o circumstance_n necessary_o depend_v thereupon_o in_o 22_o h._n 6._o fol._n 12._o if_o a_o trespass_n be_v do_v upon_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o common_a they_o be_v to_o join_v in_o a_o action_n but_o if_o one_o of_o they_o die_v that_o action_n shall_v survive_v for_o though_o they_o be_v joint_a in_o the_o personalty_n yet_o they_o disjoin_v in_o the_o realty_n and_o if_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o land_n join_v in_o a_o grant_n of_o ten_o pound_n rend_v charge_v out_o of_o their_o land_n the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v ten_o pound_n yearly_a of_o either_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n perkins_n but_o if_o a_o sesse_v of_o ten_o pound_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v upon_o they_o by_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n this_o sesse_v shall_v not_o double_a as_o the_o rent_n shall_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o joint_n assess_v impose_v upon_o tenant_n in_o common_a and_o one_o will_v pay_v his_o moiety_n and_o his_o companion_n refuse_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v sell_v a_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o joint_n sess_v and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o moiety_n and_o the_o sale_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o sess_v and_o all_o may_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o that_o one_o tenant_n in_o common_a can_v prejudice_v his_o companion_n in_o thing_n of_o realty_n the_o four_o matter_n be_v to_o who_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o this_o law_n for_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v land_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n for_o year_n for_o life_n in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n simple_a whereby_o the_o law_n intend_v they_o shall_v make_v their_o decree_n for_o sale_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sess_v and_o so_o shall_v use_v moderation_n in_o the_o estate_n they_o make_v or_o sell_v therefore_o and_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v they_o shall_v sell_v the_o feesimple_n away_o for_o sess_v which_o may_v be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o make_n of_o a_o less_o estate_n and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o decree_n do_v make_v the_o estate_n with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o statute_n according_a to_o the_o limitation_n which_o shall_v therein_o be_v declare_v and_o that_o the_o party_n shall_v have_v estate_n according_a as_o the_o same_o be_v thereby_o limit_v unto_o he_o and_o this_o be_v no_o equitable_a decree_n which_o bind_v the_o person_n only_o as_o chancery_n decree_v be_v but_o it_o bind_v the_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n may_v not_o decree_v land_n to_o a_o corporation_n as_o to_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v mortmain_n for_o the_o general_a word_n of_o this_o statute_n
do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n in_o my_o opinion_n and_o herein_o i_o shall_v end_v my_o argument_n touch_v decree_n and_o i_o take_v it_o though_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n be_v entail_v yet_o the_o sale_n thereof_o may_v be_v make_v by_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o now_o only_o remain_v under_o my_o censure_n to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n whether_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v justice_n in_o refuse_v to_o admit_v of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v tender_v to_o they_o by_o a._n and_o e._n wherein_o may_v come_v just_o into_o our_o consideration_n these_o thing_n viz._n whether_o traverse_n plea_n of_o exemption_n and_o other_o legal_a proceed_n may_v be_v have_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n or_o not_o save_v i_o add_v this_o that_o these_o decree_n of_o sale_n be_v bind_v must_v be_v certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o legal_a proceed_n traverse_n to_o enter_v into_o these_o part_n of_o my_o law_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o begin_v with_o traverse_n and_o to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n whether_o such_o plea_n and_o proceed_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o this_o court_n for_o a_o traverse_n be_v a_o plea_n of_o the_o party_n contain_v matter_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o that_o that_o the_o party_n stand_v accuse_v of_o or_o which_o be_v lay_v to_o his_o charge_n and_o in_o some_o case_n our_o book_n and_o authority_n of_o law_n admit_v the_o party_n to_o a_o traverse_v and_o in_o other_o case_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v deny_v for_o in_o the_o 5_o h._n 7._o fol._n 9_o &_o 45_o ed._n 3._o fol._n &_o 28_o h._n 8._o in_o dier_n fol._n 13._o if_o one_o be_v present_v in_o a_o leet_n court_n for_o a_o blowipe_n or_o any_o other_o personal_a 8._o 5_o h._n 7._o 45_o ed._n 3._o 28_o h._n 8._o wrong_n this_o presentment_n be_v not_o traversable_a but_o the_o party_n be_v without_o remedy_n therein_o though_o the_o presentment_n be_v false_a and_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o untrue_a and_o the_o law_n be_v so_o also_o of_o such_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o a_o sheriff_n turn_v and_o herewithal_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 2_o r._n 3._o 11._o and_o 19_o h._n 8._o 11._o 4._o 2_o r._n 3_o 19_o h._n 8._o 5_o h._n 7._o 8_o ed._n 4._o fitz_n assiz_n plac_fw-la 442._o and_o 8_o ed._n 4._o 5._o and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v deliver_v in_o 5_o h._n 7._o because_o no_o process_n be_v there_o awardable_a against_o the_o party_n to_o call_v he_o to_o answer_v yet_o in_o the_o same_o book_n of_o 5_o h._n 7._o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o presentment_n be_v make_v which_o touch_v a_o man_n freehold_a he_o may_v there_o traverse_v the_o same_o but_o i_o take_v it_o the_o party_n must_v first_o remove_v the_o presentment_n into_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o there_o traverse_v it_o for_o in_o the_o court_n leet_n in_o my_o opinion_n there_o can_v be_v no_o traverse_n take_v or_o try_v no_o more_o where_o the_o presentment_n touch_v freehold_a then_o where_o it_o only_o concern_v a_o personal_a wrong_n therefore_o the_o reason_n allege_v in_o 5_o h._n 7._o can_v be_v the_o true_a cause_n wherefore_o in_o personal_a wrong_n the_o presentment_n can_v be_v traverse_v but_o the_o very_a true_a reason_n therein_o be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o because_o these_o petty_a presentment_n be_v of_o such_o petty_a trifle_a matter_n that_o in_o avoidance_n of_o trouble_n the_o law_n esteem_v they_o not_o worthy_a of_o traverse_n and_o trial_n and_o justice_n fairfax_n in_o 5_o h._n 7._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o presentment_n make_v before_o justice_n of_o peace_n in_o a_o session_n be_v traversable_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v stanford_n fol._n 183._o and_o in_o other_o court_n of_o law_n there_o oftentimes_o fall_v out_o matter_n which_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o take_v a_o traverse_v unto_o and_o in_o some_o other_o case_n he_o shall_v as_o by_o these_o succeed_a authority_n may_v appear_v in_o the_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 7._o a_o presentment_n be_v take_v before_o green_a and_o ingham_n justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n that_o i._o s._n who_o have_v kill_v a._n have_v good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o eighty_o pound_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o john_n lombard_n and_o upon_o this_o presentment_n a_o scire-facias_a be_v award_v against_o john_n lombard_n to_o show_v cause_n wherefore_o these_o good_n shall_v not_o be_v seize_v to_o the_o king_n use_n john_n lombard_n come_v in_o and_o tender_v a_o plea_n to_o the_o presentment_n that_o these_o good_n be_v not_o the_o felon_n but_o that_o they_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o to_o keep_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o cardinal_n of_o rome_n and_o he_o be_v there_o admit_v to_o this_o plea_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 45_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 26._o express_o yet_o in_o that_o book_n and_o mr._n stanford_n fol._n 185._o it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o it_o be_v present_v before_o a_o coroner_n that_o i._o s._n kill_v a._n b._n and_o flee_v for_o the_o same_o fact_n and_o after_o upon_o his_o trial_n he_o be_v acquit_v yet_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n upon_o the_o fugam_fw-la fecit_fw-la before_o the_o coroner_n and_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o take_v any_o traverse_n to_o the_o say_a presentment_n in_o that_o point_n the_o difference_n in_o which_o two_o case_n be_v this_o in_o my_o opinion_n that_o a_o stranger_n as_o john_n lombard_n be_v in_o the_o the_o first_o case_n shall_v not_o be_v peremptory_o conclude_v for_o it_o be_v no_o reason_n one_o man_v good_n shall_v be_v forfeit_v in_o another_o man_n default_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o answer_n thereunto_o but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n in_o terror_n of_o felon_n though_o he_o be_v acquit_v of_o the_o felony_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o acquit_v of_o the_o fly_a and_o he_o may_v be_v guilty_a notwithstanding_o his_o acquittal_n there_o be_v other_o case_n in_o the_o law_n which_o admit_v no_o traverse_n as_o in_o james_n bag_n case_n cook_n 11._o rep._n case_n james_n bagâ—_n case_n where_o a_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o major_a and_o burgess_n of_o plymouth_n to_o restore_v bag_n to_o his_o alderman_n place_n there_o which_o they_o have_v put_v he_o from_o and_o they_o return_v a_o cause_n sufficient_a to_o bar_v he_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v false_a yet_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o his_o traverse_n therein_o neither_o can_v a_o traverse_n be_v admit_v in_o the_o certificate_n of_o the_o bishop_n wherein_o be_v contain_v that_o i._o a._n parson_n of_o dle_n have_v refuse_v to_o pay_v his_o dime_n to_o the_o king_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o parson_n lose_v his_o benefice_n which_o case_n be_v in_o br._n case_n temp_n he._n 8._o pl._n 332._o 7._o br._n case_n 7_o h._n 4._o 21_o h._n 7._o and_o dier_n fol._n 116._o and_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 4._o and_o 21_o h._n 7._o 8._o and_o many_o other_o book_n be_v that_o no_o averment_n shall_v be_v take_v to_o the_o return_n of_o sheriff_n to_o take_v any_o issue_n thereupon_o and_o in_o dr_n bonham_n case_n upon_o a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la the_o physician_n return_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o imprisonment_n which_o be_v false_a yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o traverse_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o these_o book_n a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n lie_v against_o the_o major_a and_o alderman_n &_o against_o the_o bishop_n for_o their_o certificate_n and_o against_o the_o sheriff_n for_o their_o false_a return_n and_o if_o justification_n be_v make_v by_o they_o they_o may_v be_v traverse_v but_o these_o will_v not_o reduce_v the_o party_n to_o their_o former_a liberty_n viz_o not_o the_o alderman_n to_o his_o place_n nor_o the_o parson_n to_o his_o church_n but_o damage_n in_o those_o case_n be_v only_o recoverable_a these_o case_n i_o have_v put_v as_o reason_n and_o argument_n against_o our_o case_n of_o sewer_n but_o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o traverse_v may_v be_v take_v to_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o this_o court_n may_v be_v resemble_v to_o a_o session_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n give_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n power_n to_o hear_v &_o to_o determine_v at_o the_o king_n suit_n as_o well_o as_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o party_n and_o a_o traverse_n lie_v of_o a_o presentment_n find_v before_o commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o be_v triable_a before_o they_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 29_o assiz_n pl._n 33._o and_o 12._o lib._n assiz_n 21._o and_o com._n 29_o assiz_n 12_o assiz_n pl._n com._n the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n case_n in_o blow_n com._n fol._n 397._o and_o
the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v sufficient_a to_o yield_v the_o party_n the_o benefit_n of_o a_o traverse_v if_o there_o be_v cause_n and_o for_o precedent_n in_o the_o point_n chart._n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 23_o and_o 24._o one_o godfrey_n marsh_n ro._n marsh_n be_v present_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n and_o that_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o he_o come_v in_o and_o plead_v a_o plea_n thereto_o before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o in_o 19_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 6._o there_o be_v divers_a presentment_n before_o commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n for_o nuisance_n do_v in_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o traverse_v and_o try_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o do_v plain_o admit_v of_o a_o traverse_v wherein_o the_o word_n be_v that_o in_o case_n if_o any_o feel_v himself_o grieve_v by_o execution_n or_o otherwise_o against_o right_n and_o reason_n let_v he_o pursue_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v right_a but_o i_o very_o suppose_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n do_v by_o their_o view_n or_o by_o survey_n and_o discretion_n be_v so_o bind_v as_o in_o those_o case_n no_o traverse_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v because_o these_o thing_n be_v mere_o the_o act_n of_o the_o court_n and_o of_o the_o justice_n themselves_o and_o if_o they_o fine_a a_o man_n for_o his_o contempt_n in_o court_n by_o a_o record_n of_o their_o own_o view_n and_o not_o upon_o a_o presentment_n the_o party_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o traverse_n this_o and_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o act_n of_o a_o judge_n be_v not_o traversable_a if_o he_o be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n but_o in_o case_n do_v or_o certify_v by_o such_o as_o be_v no_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o commissioner_n of_o bankrupt_n which_o certify_v one_o a_o bankrupt_a he_o may_v traverse_v this_o in_o a_o action_n bring_v as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o cut_n and_o delaber_n in_o 7_o jac._n in_o the_o jac._n cut_a and_o delaber_n 7_o jac._n common_a place_n and_o vernies_n case_n 1_o mar._n dier_n fol._n 89._o no_o averment_n can_v be_v take_v to_o the_o certificate_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 7_o h._n 7._o fol._n 4._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o but_o although_o a_o traverse_n may_v be_v take_v to_o a_o presentment_n in_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n yet_o time_n and_o season_n must_v be_v observe_v for_o if_o a_o presentment_n be_v there_o make_v it_o may_v be_v traverse_v for_o the_o reason_n cause_n &_o precedent_n former_o mention_v yet_o if_o the_o cause_n have_v be_v there_o so_o far_o proceed_v in_o as_o the_o commissioner_n make_v a_o decree_n thereupon_o i_o take_v it_o then_o no_o traverse_n at_o all_o can_v be_v take_v because_o a_o decree_n be_v the_o final_a judgement_n of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v a_o act_n judicial_a which_o can_v be_v traverse_v and_o try_v by_o a_o jury_n for_o that_o be_v to_o refer_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n to_o be_v examine_v by_o a_o jury_n which_o may_v not_o be_v admit_v and_o at_o the_o common_a law_n after_o judgement_n no_o traverse_n can_v be_v take_v and_o if_o one_o be_v indict_v at_o the_o general_a session_n of_o the_o peace_n this_o be_v traversable_a but_o if_o the_o party_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v outlaw_v upon_o the_o say_a indictment_n there_o no_o traverse_n lie_v but_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n so_o if_o in_o our_o session_n of_o the_o sewer_n the_o cause_n proceed_v to_o a_o decree_n the_o party_n grieve_v be_v to_o take_v his_o way_n by_o prefer_v a_o bill_n of_o reversal_n in_o manner_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n and_o so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o cause_n here_o thorough_o examine_v other_o legal_a proceed_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o give_v the_o legal_a proceed_n be_v these_o viz._n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v hear_v and_o determine_v all_o and_o singular_a the_o premise_n as_o well_o at_o our_o suit_n as_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o any_o other_o complain_v before_o they_o after_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o other_o way_n or_o mean_n these_o word_n give_v the_o party_n remedy_n to_o sue_v before_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v contain_v within_o these_o law_n and_o which_o have_v their_o dependency_n thereon_o in_o colshils_n case_n in_o dier_n fol._n 175._o the_o party_n prefer_v his_o case_n colshils_n case_n bill_n of_o complaint_n to_o the_o commissioner_n contain_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o title_n to_o the_o office_n in_o question_n and_o these_o be_v special_a commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n justice_n of_o the_o general_a oyer_n and_o terminer_n may_v hear_v and_o determine_v usury_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o eliz._n cap._n 8._o yet_o if_o i._o s._n be_v bind_v eliz._n 13_o eliz._n in_o a_o bond_n of_o ten_o pound_n principal_a debt_n and_o for_o forty_o shilling_n for_o interest_n although_o this_o bond_n be_v for_o payment_n for_o usury_n yet_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n do_v not_o lie_v thereupon_o before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n but_o a_o information_n may_v be_v prefer_v against_o the_o lender_n there_o to_o punish_v he_o so_o by_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n a_o action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v not_o for_o a_o trespass_n do_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o this_o commission_n yet_o distinguendum_fw-la est_fw-la for_o put_v the_o case_n a_o sesse_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o man_n and_o the_o good_n of_o i._o s._n not_o chargeable_a thereto_o be_v take_v and_o distrain_v who_o be_v not_o chargeable_a to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o i._n s._n in_o my_o opnion_n though_o this_o case_n have_v but_o the_o countenance_n of_o this_o commission_n may_v have_v his_o action_n or_o prefer_v his_o complaint_n before_o the_o commissioner_n in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o damage_n and_o although_o this_o be_v but_o a_o private_a action_n yet_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v by_o a_o authority_n draw_v from_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n the_o party_n distrain_v may_v have_v his_o remedy_n in_o this_o court_n by_o his_o private_a action_n because_o it_o spring_v by_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o general_a power_n of_o this_o court_n if_o a._n b._n have_v a_o several_a pischary_n in_o the_o river_n of_o witham_n which_o be_v a_o river_n within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o the_o say_v pischary_a by_o these_o law_n be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_v thereof_o if_o c._n d._n disseiz_v he_o thereof_o or_o commit_v a_o trespass_n by_o fish_v therein_o a._n b._n can_v neither_o have_v a_o assize_n nor_o action_n of_o trespass_n within_o this_o court_n so_o if_o a_o royal_a or_o common_a river_n have_v his_o current_n through_o the_o town_n of_o dale_n and_o one_o a._n b._n be_v tie_v to_o repair_v the_o bank_n there_o by_o tenure_n prescription_n or_o otherwise_o which_o notwithstanding_o in_o his_o default_n be_v break_v down_o and_o the_o water_n break_v out_o overflow_v the_o ground_n of_o c._n d._n thereto_o adjoin_v yet_o c._n d._n have_v not_o any_o remedy_n to_o recover_v his_o damage_n against_o a._n b._n in_o this_o court_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o ground_n but_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o private_a action_n therefore_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o case_n of_o keighley_n but_o if_o a._n b._n be_v present_v therefore_o before_o our_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n they_o may_v order_v a._n b._n to_o repair_v the_o breach_n but_o can_v award_v damage_n to_o c._n d._n for_o our_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v herein_o like_a to_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o to_o steward_n of_o leet_n and_o law-day_n which_o have_v power_n original_o to_o meddle_v only_o with_o the_o public_a wrong_n yet_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n and_o of_o this_o statute_n they_o many_o time_n accidental_o meet_v with_o private_a injury_n as_o by_o the_o ensue_a case_n may_v appear_v if_o a_o township_n be_v assess_v by_o a_o law_n of_o sewer_n and_o the_o good_n of_o one_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v take_v for_o the_o sesse_v that_o party_n upon_o his_o complaint_n to_o these_o justice_n of_o sewer_n may_v have_v process_n out_o of_o this_o court_n to_o call_v before_o they_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o say_v sess_v to_o cause_v they_o to_o contribute_v towards_o the_o party_n damage_n who_o be_v sole_o distrain_v for_o they_o all_o for_o otherwise_o this_o court_n shall_v fail_v of_o justice_n in_o his_o own_o proper_a material_n &_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o
and_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o extend_v to_o such_o wear_v kiddel_n etc._n etc._n and_o other_o let_v as_o be_v erect_v before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n ed._n the_o first_o and_o which_o have_v be_v inhanuce_v and_o exalt_v sithence_o and_o so_o be_v out_o of_o all_o those_o law_n because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o inhaunce_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o which_o i_o now_o read_v on_o do_v not_o alter_v the_o former_a statute_n in_o these_o point_n but_o provide_v that_o all_o and_o every_o statute_n act_n and_o ordinance_n heretofore_o make_v concern_v the_o premise_n in_o that_o act_n recite_v not_o be_v contrary_a nor_o before_o then_o repeal_v shall_v stand_v then_o in_o force_n but_o the_o say_a judge_n do_v hold_v opinion_n that_o all_o the_o say_a statute_n stand_v unrepealed_a and_o accord_o make_v their_o report_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n there_o be_v many_o private_a statute_n make_v for_o the_o abate_v private_a wear_v in_o some_o stream_n which_o be_v not_o within_o my_o intent_n to_o recite_v further_o than_o by_o name_v of_o they_o because_o i_o take_v it_o they_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o as_o 11_o h._n 7._o cap._n 5._o southampton_n 14_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o 23_o h._n 8._o cap._n 18._o havens_n 25_o h._n 8._o cap._n 7._o for_o kill_a fry_n of_o salmon_n 27_o h._n 8._o rastal_n havens_n 9_o 10_o 11._o in_o 19_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n depend_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n at_o westminster_n between_o benedict_n hall_n esquire_n plaintiff_n and_o john_n mason_n george_n worral_n and_o thomas_n powel_n defendant_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n as_o follow_v that_o queen_n mary_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o monmouth_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n in_o that_o county_n and_o of_o a_o free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n of_o wye_n and_o of_o a_o be_v and_o a_o fish_n yard_n there_o which_o be_v erect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a queen_n in_o the_o place_n where_o a_o old_a foundation_n of_o a_o ancient_a be_v do_v stand_v this_o be_v have_v be_v let_v by_o the_o say_a queen_n and_o also_o by_o queen_n elizabeth_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o say_a duchy_n by_o yearly_a rent_n and_o so_o there_o be_v ancient_a precedent_n show_v in_o that_o court_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o ancient_a be_v there_o have_v be_v let_v to_o farm_n by_o the_o earl_n and_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o by_o the_o king_n and_o duke_n for_o a_o long_a time_n for_o yearly_a rent_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a be_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n and_o this_o be_v and_o fishyard_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o fish_v be_v let_v by_o the_o king_n majesty_n that_o now_o be_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o one_o john_n abrahall_v esquire_n for_o one_o and_o thirty_o year_n for_o and_o under_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o six_o pound_n thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n payable_a to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n and_o the_o say_v abrahal_n be_v so_o thereof_o possess_v do_v afterward_o in_o the_o ten_o year_n assign_v the_o same_o to_o one_o william_n hall_n esquire_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o say_v william_n hall_n be_v thereof_o possess_v and_o in_o the_o 12._o year_n of_o this_o king_n make_v his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n and_o do_v thereby_o ordain_v the_o complainant_a his_o executor_n and_o after_o die_v by_o and_o after_o who_o decease_n the_o complainant_n come_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o say_a lease_n and_o term_n therein_o to_o come_v and_o in_o the_o nineteenth_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o those_o part_n cause_v a_o jury_n to_o be_v impanel_v and_o swear_v touch_v this_o be_v &_o fishyard_n and_o give_v therein_o a_o verdict_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o be_v that_o benedict_n hall_n the_o complainant_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o say_a be_v call_v monmouth_n be_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o wye_n which_o be_v excessive_a high_a and_o hurtful_a and_o be_v a_o impediment_n to_o the_o common_a passage_n of_o boat_n bark_n and_o ballanger_n up_o and_o down_o the_o say_a river_n and_o by_o mean_n thereof_o they_o can_v not_o pass_v but_o in_o great_a danger_n which_o if_o the_o say_a be_v be_v not_o boat_n of_o two_o or_o three_o tun_n may_v pass_v the_o river_n and_o that_o the_o say_v be_v have_v be_v the_o death_n &_o drown_v of_o one_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o scarcity_n dearness_n and_o want_n of_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n within_o the_o say_a river_n by_o reason_n many_o of_o they_o be_v take_v in_o gin_n of_o the_o say_a be_v when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o season_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v a_o great_a abuse_n wrong_v enormity_n and_o annoyance_n to_o the_o whole_a country_n whereupon_o the_o say_v commissioner_n make_v a_o ordinance_n or_o decree_n set_v forth_o thereby_o in_o effect_n as_o follow_v that_o whereas_o it_o do_v appear_v to_o they_o as_o well_o by_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n as_o by_o the_o say_a verdict_n of_o the_o juror_n and_o by_o their_o view_n that_o the_o say_v be_v be_v a_o great_a let_v and_o hindrance_n to_o the_o common_a passage_n of_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n up_o and_o down_o the_o river_n endanger_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o fish_n as_o the_o salmon_n and_o fry_n thereof_o they_o therefore_o order_v that_o the_o say_a be_v shall_v be_v overthrow_v and_o that_o the_o timber_n and_o stone_n thereof_o shall_v be_v remove_v whereby_o the_o channel_n shall_v be_v clear_v for_o passage_n of_o boat_n and_o according_o do_v direct_v their_o warrant_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n to_o the_o defendant_n authorise_v they_o thereby_o to_o overthrow_v the_o say_a be_v which_o they_o perform_v according_o and_o all_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v set_v forth_o at_o large_a in_o the_o defendant_n answer_n and_o after_o examination_n and_o publication_n of_o witness_n the_o cause_n come_v to_o be_v hear_v in_o the_o say_a duchy_n court_n before_o sir_n humphrey_n may_v knight_n chancellor_z of_o the_o duchy_n sir_n john_n denham_n knight_n one_o of_o his_o highness_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n a_o assistant_n to_o that_o court_n and_o sir_n tho_n chamber_n lie_v knight_n one_o of_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o his_o bench_n another_o assistant_n of_o the_o say_a court_n and_o sir_n edward_n mosley_n knight_n attorney_n of_o the_o say_a court_n who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_a be_v be_v a_o anclent_fw-la be_v by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v overthrow_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o the_o say_a verdict_n of_o the_o juror_n be_v defective_a because_o though_o they_o present_v the_o say_v be_v to_o be_v over_o high_a and_o enhanced_a yet_o in_o regard_n they_o do_v not_o present_a in_o quanto_fw-la nor_o in_fw-la qua_fw-la parte_fw-la the_o say_a be_v be_v enhance_v above_o the_o ancient_a assize_n therefore_o they_o esteem_v the_o say_a verdict_n of_o no_o validity_n but_o now_o it_o come_v next_o in_o time_n and_o turn_v to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v and_o concern_v bridge_n mill_n mildam_n milstank_n floodgate_n heck_n lock_n and_o hebbingwere_n which_o in_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v set_v forth_o for_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n wherein_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v their_o exposition_n according_a to_o the_o say_a case_n of_o wear_v without_o other_o distinction_n for_o if_o they_o have_v have_v continuance_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n then_o be_v they_o the_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a inheritance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o his_o subject_n allow_v by_o ancient_a custom_n confirm_v by_o long_a use_n and_o to_o remain_v establish_v without_o overthrow_v or_o destroy_v but_o if_o they_o have_v be_v enhance_v or_o enlarge_v over_o their_o ancient_a and_o accustom_a assize_n than_o the_o enlargement_n and_o excess_n be_v only_o to_o be_v abate_v and_o no_o more_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o say_v that_o there_o must_v be_v leave_v sufficient_a substance_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o if_o any_o new_a be_v stanke_z stake_n floodgate_n kiddel_n or_o other_o thing_n have_v of_o late_o be_v erect_v on_o the_o river_n which_o be_v a_o annoyance_n or_o hurtful_a than_o the_o same_o may_v be_v order_v by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v abate_v overthrow_v destroy_v and_o pull_v down_o because_o the_o same_o be_v erect_v without_o lawful_a warrant_n or_o authority_n and_o so_o as_o