Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	king_n	lord_n	time_n	4,864	5	3.7091	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A93553	A treatise of gavelkind, both name and thing. Shewing the true etymologie and derivation of the one, the nature, antiquity, and original of the other. With sundry emergent observations, both pleasant and profitable to be known of Kentish-men and others, especially such as are studious, either of the ancient custome, or the common law of this kingdome. By (a well-willer to both) William Somner.	Somner, William, 1598-1669.	1659 (1659)	Wing S4668; Thomason E1005_1; ESTC R207857	133,861	236

frank_n fee_fw-mi then_o be_v oppose_v to_o ancient_n demesne_n which_o be_v socage_n can_v itself_o be_v socage_n nor_o will_n bractons_n distinction_n of_o socage_n into_o liberum_fw-la and_o villanum_fw-la apply_v to_o that_o difference_n in_o mr._n lambard_n of_o free_a and_o base_a socage_n by_o which_o the_o one_o shall_v consist_v of_o money_n and_o the_o other_o of_o base_a service_n be_v warrant_v as_o himself_o there_o observe_v from_o the_o ensue_a inquisition_n some_o land_n be_v therein_o denote_v to_o be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n which_o nevertheless_o do_v yield_v none_o other_o but_o money_n alone_o and_o none_o there_o of_o that_o nature_n charge_v with_o work_n beside_o that_o of_o suit_n of_o court_n improper_o call_v work_n as_o not_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n either_o of_o manuopera_n or_o carropera_n to_o which_o double_a head_n all_o work_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v refer_v hence_o let_v none_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v not_o or_o by_o its_o nature_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o work_n for_o albeit_o that_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n in_o the_o archaion_n seem_v to_o counter-distinguish_a gafol_n and_o w●rk_v and_o though_o moreover_o gafolland_n and_o werkland_n werkland_n occur_v in_o some_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n as_o of_o a_o distinct_a and_o different_a nature_n yet_o both_o servile_a and_o oppose_v to_o what_o there_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la libera_fw-la denote_v i_o suppose_v free_a socage_n yet_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o both_o gablum_fw-la and_o opera_fw-la do_v often_o meet_v and_o be_v find_v in_o gavelkynd-land_n witness_v the_o old_a custumal_a of_o monkton_n manor_n in_o thanet_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n mention_v the_o particular_n of_o what_o servile_a work_v the_o tenant_n there_o stand_v charge_v with_o for_o the_o 18_o swolings_n so_o many_o plough-land_n i_o take_v 211._o it_o hold_v of_o the_o monk_n in_o gavelkynd_n witness_v also_o this_o passage_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n make_v to_o hubert_n the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o change_a gavelkynd-land_n into_o knights-fee_n at_o large_a exemplify_v by_o mr._n lambard_n peramb_v pag._n 531._o xenia_n averagia_n &_o alia_fw-la opera_fw-la quae_fw-la fiebant_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la iisdem_fw-la convertantur_fw-la in_o redditum_fw-la denariorum_fw-la aequivalentur_fw-la witness_v in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n not_o to_o multiply_v instance_n in_o a_o case_n so_o clear_a a_o inquisition_n find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o isabel_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi widow_n sometime_o of_o orpington_n record_v in_o a_o lieger_n of_o that_o cathedral_n whereof_o expect_v a_o copy_n in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o at_o this_o day_n and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n haply_o from_o richard_n the_o second_o lazzi_n time_n such_o servile_a work_n proper_o call_v villein-service_n have_v be_v as_o they_o still_o be_v intermit_v or_o rather_o quite_o cease_v insomuch_o as_o all_o our_o gavelkynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o service_n now_o differ_v nothing_o from_o free_a socage_n as_o it_o stand_v describe_v and_o define_v of_o bracton_n be_v such_o ubi_fw-la fit_a servitium_fw-la in_o denariis_fw-la to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n all_o the_o tenant_n burden_n his_o whole_a service_n be_v only_a servitium_fw-la crumenae_fw-la pecuniary_a such_o as_o payment_n of_o money_n for_o rent_n suit_n of_o court_n and_o such_o like_a nay_o in_o many_o grant_v of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n that_o i_o have_v see_v i_o find_v no_o tie_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o tenant_n no_o covenant_n or_o contract_n between_o his_o lord_n and_o he_o to_o require_v of_o he_o any_o such_o base_a service_n there_o be_v ut_fw-la communiter_fw-la and_o regular_o a_o reservation_n only_o of_o rent_n in_o money_n suit_n to_o his_o court_n or_o the_o like_a yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o as_o a_o reason_n hereof_o in_o my_o judgement_n that_o though_o gavelkynd_n in_o the_o genuine_a sense_n sound_a land_n let_v for_o gable_n cens_fw-la or_o rend_v consist_v chief_o in_o denariis_fw-la whence_o in_o a_o old_a cant._n custumal_a of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n i_o read_v in_o eodem_fw-la manerio_fw-la mutati_fw-la sunt_fw-la octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gavelkende_v medlef●rm_v tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la quae_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotar_n modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl_o d._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi and_o so_o divers_a more_o which_o haply_o will_v be_v better_o understand_v if_o i_o add_v what_o occurr_n in_o a_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n manor_n for_o the_o year_n 1230._o in_o charing_n bailive_v receipt_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr xiij_o s._n iiij_o d._n the_o fine_a cotariorum_n ut_fw-la coteriae_fw-la suae_fw-la ponerentur_fw-la ad_fw-la redditum_fw-la yet_o common_o upon_o such_o grant_v in_o gavelkynd_n the_o tenant_n pare●d_v with_o such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o lord_n in_o gersumam_fw-la i._n e._n in_o consideration_n of_o gersuma_n that_o grant_n and_o by_o way_n of_o fine_a as_o may_v seem_v equivalent_a to_o the_o base_a service_n otherwise_o imposeable_a and_o to_o have_v be_v charge_v upon_o that_o land_n and_o upon_o the_o tenant_n in_o respect_n thereof_o or_o if_o not_o probable_o as_o in_o gavelkynd-land_n by_o virtue_n of_o king_n john_n forementioned_a charter_n turn_v into_o knights-fee_n he_o have_v his_o rent_n enhance_v and_o augment_v to_o a_o equivalent_a value_n of_o his_o service_n to_o be_v redeem_v the_o cause_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o excuse_n of_o gavelkynd-man_n from_o base_a service_n of_o latter_a time_n and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v i_o conceive_v no_o other_o than_o the_o tenant_n buy_v they_o out_o and_o consequent_o the_o change_n of_o the_o same_o as_o littleton_n have_v it_o of_o socage_n in_o general_n into_o money_n by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n whereof_o expect_v some_o example_n to_o be_v present_v in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 11_o and_o 12._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v here_o a_o instance_n or_o two_o take_v from_o some_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n manor_n of_o this_o and_o that_o sum_n pay_v &_o receive_v for_o enfranchise_v the_o land_n from_o custom_n and_o service_n and_o change_v it_o into_o knights-fee_n whereof_o in_o the_o last-remembred_n accompt-roll_n and_o in_o the_o receipt_n of_o ce●ring_v now_o call_v charing_n manor_n there_o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr ij_o s._n ix_o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr incremento_fw-la redditus_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-la bernfeuld_fw-mi de_fw-fr termino_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n ut_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la sit_fw-la libera_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la et_fw-fr de_fw-fr fourteen_o d._n quad_a de_fw-fr incremento_fw-la redditus_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-la bend_v ut_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la sit_fw-la libera_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la de_fw-la termino_fw-la s._n johannis_n and_o so_o some_o other_o there_o as_o also_o in_o maidstone_n and_o other_o archiepiscopal_a manor_n and_o such_o may_v well_o be_v reckon_v among_o land_n of_o that_o sort_n which_o in_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o book_n of_o aid_n cite_v by_o 533._o mr_n lambard_n be_v note_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o knights-service_n per_fw-la novam_fw-la licentiam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o gavelkynd_n which_o if_o not_o extensive_a to_o free_a socage_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o stand_v in_o need_n at_o this_o day_n of_o some_o other_o character_n to_o keep_v they_o unconfound_v than_o bracton_n in_o the_o definition_n and_o description_n of_o the_o latter_a do_v propose_v in_o regard_n the_o service_n of_o both_o equal_o consist_v in_o money_n to_o recapitulate_v now_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v concern_v partition_n in_o kentish_a gavelkynd-land_n it_o be_v as_o have_v be_v show_v neither_o from_o the_o name_n nor_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n alone_o nor_o from_o prescription_n nor_o yet_o from_o any_o particular_a custom_n that_o this_o property_n there_o proceed_v but_o partly_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o partly_o from_o custom_n not_o i_o say_v a_o particular_a one_o but_o a_o general_a custom_n extend_v throughout_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o censual_a land_n or_o land_n let_v for_o cens_n or_o what_o be_v all_o one_o with_o it_o gavel_n or_o gafol_n to_o say_v hold_v in_o fief_n or_o inheritance_n roturier_n as_o call_v in_o normandy_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n the_o antiquity_n whereof_o and_o how_o beginning_n in_o kent_n and_o why_o more_o general_a there_o than_o elsewhere_o shall_v be_v the_o argument_n of_o our_o next_o discourse_n proposition_n iii_o the_o antiquity_n of_o gavelkynd-custome_n in_o point_n especial_o of_o partition_n and_o why_o more_o general_a in_o kent_n than_o elsewhere_o master_n lambard_n 545._o incline_v in_o his_o opinion_n to_o conceive_v this_o custom_n bring_v hither_o out_o of_o normandy_n by_o odo_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o bastard_n brother_n to_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o that_o we_o

of_o modern_a and_o some_o elder_a lawyer_n bondman_n such_o as_o of_o latter_a time_n and_o at_o this_o day_n we_o call_v villein_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v but_o rather_o after_o the_o 169._o mirroir_n cultivers_n the_o fief_a demorant_n en_fw-fr village_n uplande_n car_fw-fr de_fw-fr will_v est_fw-la dit_fw-fr villain_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o fitzherberts_n expression_n base_a tenant_n qui_fw-fr fesoit_fw-fr villain_n service_n mes_fw-fr ne_fw-fr fuit_fw-la pas_fw-fr villain_n i_fw-it e._n a_o base_a tenant_n that_o do_v villain_n service_n but_o nevertheless_o be_v no_o villain_n then_o to_o put_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o all_o doubt_n know_v that_o beside_o villani_n you_o may_v withal_o find_v and_o that_o in_o divers_a several_a manor_n too_o in_o that_o kentish_a survey_n particular_o in_o the_o bishop_n and_o church_n of_o rochester_n manor_n of_o southfleet_n stone_n falkham_n woldham_n trottesclyve_fw-mi snodeland_n halling_n frend●bery_n etc._n etc._n express_v mention_n of_o servi_n which_o of_o all_o kent_n hand_n be_v confess_v to_o denote_v man_n of_o servile_a condition_n bondman_n or_o bondslave_n villein_n and_o take_v along_o with_o you_o this_o note_n by_o the_o way_n that_o the_o pretend_a composition_n in_o spot_n by_o which_o he_o will_v have_v kent_n for_o the_o future_a conserve_v in_o her_o immunity_n from_o villeinage_n do_v for_o many_o year_n antedate_v the_o time_n of_o this_o survey_n that_o pretend_v to_o the_o conqueror_n first_o come_v in_o this_o not_o beginning_n at_o the_o soon_o until_o about_o fourteen_o year_n after_o i_o may_v follow_v this_o with_o some_o pregnant_a passage_n to_o this_o purpose_n such_o namely_o as_o that_o in_o the_o old_a cant._n custumal_a of_o ickham_n manor_n in_o east_n kent_n et_fw-la isti_fw-la cotarii_fw-la nusquam_fw-la capient_fw-la auram_fw-la nisi_fw-la apud_fw-la ickham_n vel_fw-la brembling_a such_o second_o as_o that_o in_o a_o like_o ancient_a cant._n custumal_a of_o tenham_n manor_n quaelibet_fw-la coteria_n tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la &_o debet_fw-la metere_fw-la 8_o acras_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la facie●t_fw-la quicquit_v serviens_fw-la de_fw-la manerio_fw-la praeceperit_fw-la such_o three_o and_o chief_o as_o that_o in_o the_o cantuar._n will_n of_o one_o sir_n william_n septvans_n knight_n sometime_o owner_n of_o milton_n near_o canterbury_n date_a anno_o 1407_o item_n lego_n adam_n standard_n thomae_fw-la hamonde_fw-fr roberto_n standerde_v roberto_n chirche_n &_o johanni_n richesforde_n seruis_fw-la &_o nativis_fw-la meis_fw-la pro_fw-la bon●_n servitio_fw-la mihi_fw-la ab_fw-la eisdem_fw-la facto_fw-la nativi_fw-la plenam_fw-la libertatem_fw-la &_o volo_fw-la quod_fw-la quilibet_fw-la eorundem_fw-la habeat_fw-la cartam_fw-la manumissionis_fw-la sigillo_fw-la meo_fw-la signatam_fw-la in_fw-la testimonium_fw-la huj●smodi_fw-la meae_fw-la ultimae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la i_o may_v add_v that_o what_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o probability_n of_o spot_n story_n be_v add_v viz._n that_o hereupon_o the_o king_n so_o stomach_v the_o archbishop_n as_o to_o put_v he_o by_o his_o place_n and_o office_n in_o his_o coronation_n have_v no_o support_n or_o warrant_v from_o any_o story_n of_o those_o time_n all_o which_o with_o gervasius_n dorobornensis_n a_o monk_n of_o his_o own_o church_n agree_v in_o the_o yield_n and_o render_v other_o reason_n hereof_o chief_o his_o be_v interdict_v his_o episcopal_a function_n for_o invade_v the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n robert_z the_o archbishop_n be_v yet_o alive_a and_o undeprive_v and_o hold_v it_o and_o winchester_n both_o together_o which_o be_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n four_o year_n before_o wolstane_n the_o elect_a of_o worcester_n refuse_v to_o be_v consecrate_v bishop_n by_o he_o and_o be_v sacred_a by_o aldred_n the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n as_o the_o monk_n of_o worcester_n and_o westminster_n have_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1062._o but_o to_o keep_v to_o our_o villeinage_n which_o apparent_o be_v traceable_a in_o kent_n sithence_o the_o norman_a conquest_n nor_o indeed_o seem_v it_o to_o have_v be_v otherwise_o here_o in_o this_o particular_a o●_n bondman_n or_o villein_n in_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n witness_n beside_o the_o mention_n of_o such_o in_o the_o roffen_v saxon_a law_n of_o ethelbert_n lothaire_n and_o eadric_n all_o kentish_a king_n a_o old_a saxon_a tripartite_a deed_n or_o charter_n purport_v a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n which_o because_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o exemplify_v the_o manner_n of_o espousal_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n and_o be_v a_o great_a illustration_n to_o a_o model_n or_o constitution_n of_o that_o nature_n exhibit_v of_o late_a by_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n council_n tom_n 1._o pag._n 425._o and_o mr._n whelock_n in_o his_o late_a edition_n of_o the_o saxon_a law_n pag._n 60._o i_o shall_v tender_v it_o to_o common_a perusal_n from_o that_o part_n of_o it_o leave_v and_o lay_v up_o at_o christchurch_n transcribe_v it_o in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 17._o before_o i_o proceed_v have_v make_v mention_n of_o that_o constitution_n touch_v the_o manner_n and_o right_n of_o espousal_n let_v i_o so_o fair_o occasion_v with_o excuse_n for_o the_o digression_n help_v to_o rectify_v the_o edition_n with_o some_o animadversion_n which_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v much_o to_o want_v in_o the_o saxon_a especial_o first_o then_o i_o conceive_v the_o first_o word_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n in_o the_o saxon_a copy_n viz._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o belong_v to_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n or_o article_n aught_o to_o be_v take_v thence_o and_o place_v as_o the_o very_a last_o word_n of_o that_o precedent_a article_n and_o so_o we_o be_v to_o read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o according_a to_o the_o latin_a copy_n &_o pleg●ent_n rather_o ●ide_v jubeant_fw-la ho●_n amici_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o the_o next_o or_o second_o article_n i_o conceive_v the_o two_o last_o word_n there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d belong_v to_o the_o next_o the_o three_o article_n which_o consequent_o be_v to_o begin_v the●e_n as_o imperfect_a be_v that_o article_n in_o the_o end_n as_o in_o the_o beginning_n want_v to_o perfect_v it_o the_o whole_a first_o line_n of_o the_o next_o the_o four_o article_n viz._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o all_o which_o i_o say_v belong_v to_o the_o precedent_a article_n the_o four_o be_v to_o begin_v at_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o i_o conceive_v not_o well_o turn_v as_o in_o the_o new_a version_n there_o by_o ●i_fw-la quidem_fw-la eve●iat_fw-la be_v rather_o under_o favour_n thus_o to_o be_v render_v si_fw-la sic_fw-la conveniat_fw-la and_o th●s_v indeed_o run_v the_o old_a version_n in_o the_o precedent_a page_n and_o so_o to_o pass_v by_o some_o intervening_a literal_a mistake_n be_v that_o in_o the_o close_a of_o the_o six_o article_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o satis●ationemque_fw-la accipiant_fw-la de_fw-la celebrandis_fw-la ●uptiis_fw-la the_o old_a version_n here_o be_v et_fw-la excipiat_fw-la inde_fw-la plegium_fw-la qui_fw-la jus_o habet_fw-la in_o vadio_fw-la i_o once_o pitch_v upon_o this_o version_n satisdationemque_fw-la inde_fw-la a_o cipiant_n qui_fw-la sponsalia_fw-la ordinaverint_fw-la i._n e._n paranymp●i_n but_o leave_v that_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n by_o what_o be_v premise_v i_o conceive_v we_o have_v ground_n enough_o to_o conclude_v against_o what_o spot_n singular_o deliver_v touch_v the_o conqueror_n and_o kentish_a man_n meeting_n with_o the_o manner_n product_v and_o result_v of_o it_o and_o consequent_o what_o be_v build_v upon_o it_o our_o county_n retain_v her_o gavelkynd-custome_n and_o privilege_n by_o mean_n thereof_o but_o after_o this_o pull_n down_o with_o one_o hand_n to_o help_v build_v up_o another_o while_n with_o other_o and_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o cause_n of_o our_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o liberty_n that_o especial_o of_o partition_n the_o more_o eminent_a property_n in_o gavelkynd_n thus_o uncertain_a let_v we_o inquire_v into_o the_o carriage_n of_o affair_n of_o this_o nature_n about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n when_o they_o say_v we_o obtain_v to_o preserve_v and_o continue_v this_o among_o the_o rest_n by_o composition_n with_o the_o conqueror_n while_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v deprive_v o●_n it_o i_o say_v deprive_v because_o as_o ju●_n privatio_fw-la praesupponit_fw-la habitum_fw-la so_o those_o who_o be_v of_o this_o opinion_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o before_o the_o conquest_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o national_a custom_n first_o induce_v by_o the_o saxon_n and_o by_o they_o traduce_v from_o the_o german_n intend_v by_o ta●itus_n in_o his_o haeredes_fw-la successoresque_fw-la svi_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o afterward_o incorporate_v into_o our_o law_n by_o 75._o king_n can●●us_n inheritance_n descend_v and_o be_v partible_a after_o the_o nature_n and_o manner_n of_o our_o gavelkynd_n at_o this_o day_n so_o of_o late_a among_o other_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n verb_n gau●l●●um_fw-la daniel_n in_o his_o

submission_n to_o better_a judgement_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o evince_v without_o check_n i_o hope_v for_o presume_v to_o control_v so_o great_a so_o many_o and_o those_o eminent_a lawyer_n whereas_o here_o i_o oppose_v they_o not_o in_o point_n of_o law_n but_o only_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o first_o exception_n then_o that_o i_o take_v against_o this_o opinion_n be_v its_o inconsistencie_n with_o many_o several_a species_n of_o socage-land_n or_o land_n say_v to_o be_v of_o socage_n kind_n or_o tenure_n such_o as_o petite_fw-fr sergeanty_n escuage_z certain_z frankalmoigne_n fee-ferm_a burgage_n by_o divine_a service_n and_o the_o like_a which_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o relation_n to_o the_o plough_n or_o matter_n of_o husbandry_n as_o original_o they_o say_v socage_n have_v and_o therefore_o still_o retein_v the_o name_n though_o the_o cause_n whereupon_o it_o first_o grow_v be_v take_v away_o by_o change_v the_o service_n into_o money_n so_o littleton_n a_o exception_n this_o ward_v off_o by_o the_o patron_n of_o the_o present_a derivation_n with_o a_o distinction_n of_o a_o double_a kind_n of_o socage_n the_o one_o that_o so_o call_v à_fw-la causâ_fw-la the_o other_o 120._o ab_fw-la effectu_fw-la and_o to_o this_o latter_a sort_n socage_n in_o effect_n be_v these_o of_o they_o refer_v as_o one_o will_v say_v socage_n at_o large_a because_o partake_v of_o the_o like_a effect_n and_o incident_n with_o socage_n but_o this_o distinction_n carry_v with_o it_o no_o great_a antiquity_n be_v questionless_a seek_v out_o since_o bractons_n time_n as_o necessary_a to_o uphold_v that_o of_o he_o and_o his_o follower_n derivation_n of_o socage_n from_o the_o plough_n otherwise_o so_o inconsistent_a with_o these_o tenor_n not_o but_o that_o i_o hold_v they_o to_o be_v socage_n with_o the_o common_a opinion_n but_o from_o another_o cause_n as_o i_o conceive_v whereof_o anon_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o have_v a_o second_o exception_n against_o the_o derivation_n which_o be_v this_o that_o though_o that_o of_o the_o plough_n may_v be_v the_o chief_a service_n wherein_o socage_n be_v conversant_a yet_o be_v the_o sycle_n and_o the_o since_o the_o fork_n and_o the_o flail_n and_o many_o such_o like_a attendant_n also_o upon_o it_o and_o concomitant_a service_n with_o it_o in_o socage-land_n to_o derive_v then_o socage_n ab_fw-la aratro_fw-la that_o be_v but_o one_o species_n of_o socage-service_n be_v as_o improper_a under_o favour_n as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o define_v feudum_n comprehend_v whatsoever_o fee_n be_v constitute_v for_o any_o lawful_a and_o honest_a service_n although_o not_o military_a by_o what_o the_o feudist_n call_v clientela_fw-la militaris_fw-la because_o a_o chief_a part_n of_o feudal_a service_n be_v military_a and_o that_o of_o old_a fee_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v grant_v out_o militiae_fw-la causâ_fw-la a_o error_n into_o which_o 23._o vulteius_n challenge_v hotoman_a to_o have_v fall_v in_o his_o definition_n of_o feudum_n thence_o which_o my_o author_n call_v a_o definition_n of_o a_o genus_fw-la by_o a_o species_n conclude_v it_o not_o logical_a a_o three_o exception_n take_v to_o it_o may_v be_v this_o that_o if_o socage-land_n be_v so_o ancient_a under_o that_o notion_n as_o king_n alfred_n time_n as_o ●_o some_o will_v have_v it_o who_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o those_o day_n socage-fee_n be_v divide_v between_o the_o heir_n male_n why_o then_o be_v it_o not_o rather_o from_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v what_o soc_n never_o do_v with_o they_o a_o plough_n whence_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o plough_n alm_n be_v a_o pension_n of_o a_o penny_n impose_v upon_o every_o plough_n in_o the_o name_n of_o 130._o alm_n call_v sulh-age_n or_o sul_z land_n to_o say_v plough-service-land_n or_o how_o can_v it_o in_o those_o time_n be_v call_v socage_n in_o the_o sense_n by_o this_o derivation_n intend_v when_o the_o word_n soc_n if_o it_o signify_v a_o plough_n as_o it_o do_v a_o ploughshare_n be_v in_o that_o sense_n a_o french_a word_n can_v in_o any_o reason_n be_v think_v to_o have_v take_v place_n here_o i_o mean_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o so_o long_o before_o the_o french_a by_o their_o conquest_n and_o intermixture_n with_o we_o follow_v thereupon_o have_v prevail_v to_o suppress_v and_o extirpate_v the_o english_a language_n but_o if_o it_o can_v pretend_v to_o so_o much_o antiquity_n as_o be_v a_o term_n as_o well_o in_o the_o original_n as_o in_o the_o sense_n norman_a or_o french_a then_o probable_o they_o will_v not_o have_v impose_v it_o without_o some_o pattern_n some_o precedent_n of_o their_o own_o country_n as_o use_v there_o in_o like_a case_n but_o doubtless_o this_o be_v want_v their_o 291._o term_n for_o land_n of_o this_o condition_n be_v tenement_n villain_n villain_n fief_n fief_a roturier_n heritage_n roturier_n and_o the_o like_a beside_o have_v the_o term_n be_v of_o their_o impose_v with_o intent_n to_o have_v it_o signify_v tillageservice_n char●●_n be_v the_o usual_a word_n with_o they_o for_o a_o plough_n fetch_v it_o from_o car●●●_n whence_o their_o carucata_n terrae_fw-la for_o a_o plough_n land_n no●_n hear_v of_o here_o with_o we_o until_o their_o come_n hither_o more_o likely_a it_o have_v be_v call_v carucagium_fw-la carucage_n or_o the_o like_a as_o a_o certain_a tribute_n by_o our_o hen._n 3._o impose_v by_o the_o plough_n be_v therefore_o call_v caruage_n carucage_n and_o the_o like_a carucage_n my_o next_o and_o last_o exception_n be_v from_o fleta_n derivation_n of_o socmanni_n bracton_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n manor_n he_o say_v in_o hujusmodi_fw-la verò_fw-la maneriis_fw-la erant_fw-la olim_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la quorum_fw-la quidam_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la è_fw-la tenementis_fw-la suis_fw-la ejecti_fw-la fuerant_fw-la eadem_fw-la postmodum_fw-la in_o villenagium_fw-la tenenda_fw-la resumpserunt_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la esse_fw-la dinoscuntur_fw-la eye_v provisa_fw-la fuit_fw-la quies_fw-la ne_fw-la sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatus_fw-la vel_fw-la hundredos_fw-mi vel_fw-la ad_fw-la aliquas_fw-la inquisitiones_fw-la assisas_fw-la vel_fw-la jurata_n nisi_fw-la in_o manerio_fw-la tantùm_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la quorum_fw-la congregationem_fw-la tunc_fw-la socam_fw-la appellarunt_fw-la &_o hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la socmanni_n hodie_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la esse_fw-la a_o soca_n enim_fw-la derivantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o though_o he_o say_v that_o the_o socmanni_n be_v cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la yet_o he_o say_v not_o that_o thence_o they_o be_v call_v socmanni_n but_o that_o their_o congregation_n their_o assembly_n or_o company_n be_v call_v soca_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v faith_n he_o that_o they_o be_v term_v socmanni_n for_o they_o be_v derive_v from_o soca_n etc._n etc._n thus_o he_o now_o if_o from_o soca_n a_o assembly_n of_o husbandman_n than_o not_o from_o soc_n sock_n or_o soak_v a_o plough_n to_o come_v now_o to_o that_o which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o propose_v right_n and_o genuine_a derivation_n of_o the_o term_n socage_n to_o express_v a_o liberty_n immunity_n franchise_n jurisdiction_n protection_n privilege_n etc._n etc._n our_o saxon_a ancestor_n be_v know_v to_o have_v and_o use_v a_o word_n somewhat_o various_o write_v of_o they_o viz._n soc_n socne_n soken_n and_o the_o like_a hence_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n sanctuary_n the_o privilege_n sometime_o so_o call_v be_v of_o they_o term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o they_o also_o voce_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v a_o jurisdiction_n to_o keep_v the_o peace_n voce_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o immunity_n from_o service_n in_o war_n or_o from_o warfare_n jornalen_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o lord_n protection_n to_o his_o man_n or_o tenant_n voce_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v of_o a_o double_a sense_n signify_v both_o a_o privilege_n or_o protection_n against_o assault_n upon_o a_o man_n in_o his_o own_o house_n or_o under_o his_o own_o roof_n and_o a_o liberty_n or_o franchise_n to_o hold_v plea_n thereof_o with_o power_n of_o animadversion_n by_o mulct_n or_o fine_a voce_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d import_v a_o liberty_n or_o privilege_n of_o faldage_n debar_v and_o deny_v unto_o tenant_n in_o time_n past_a and_o by_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o enrich_n his_o own_o demesne_n land_n reserve_v to_o himself_o hence_o their_o word_n faldwrth_n for_o he_o that_o enjoy_v such_o a_o liberty_n shall_v i_o faldwrth_n now_o give_v you_o one_o example_n from_o the_o norman_n nullus_fw-la enim_fw-la socnam_fw-la habet_fw-la impunè_fw-la peccandi_fw-la say_v the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o cap._n 24._o speak_v of_o baron_n have_v soch_n and_o to_o enlarge_v yet_o a_o little_a further_o touch_v soc_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o signify_v a_o liberty_n immunity_n franchise_n privilege_n jurisdiction_n etc._n etc._n so_o withal_o a_o territory_n

of_o hon._n cap._n 5._o sect_n 2d_o p._n 724_o stat._n will._n reg._n scotor_n 1._o cap._n 22_o &_o 30._o 30._o cu●●umar_n normann_n cap._n 20_o 21._o 21._o 27._o distinct_a utinam_fw-la utinam_fw-la daniel_n in_o will._n 1._o 1._o hist_o croyl_n sol_fw-it 519._o a._n a._n perambul_n pag._n 538._o 538._o coke_n upon_o li●tleton_n fol._n 14._o a._n a._n hodie_fw-la nobil●tas_fw-la s●●indè_fw-la allodiale_n satrapias_fw-la divisioni_fw-la inter_fw-la liberos_fw-la obnoxias_fw-la in_fw-la feuda_fw-la redigere_fw-la solet_fw-la scil_n ut_fw-la primogenito_fw-la consulat_fw-la &_o poten●iae_fw-la nervis_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la glomeratis_fw-la suus_fw-la familiae_fw-la splendour_n mul●itudine_fw-la liberorum_fw-la in_o posteritate_fw-la non_fw-la gravetur_fw-la nic._n burgund_n de_fw-fr cons●●t●d_n fla●driae_n tract_n 7._o num_fw-la 7._o 7._o camb._n britan_n seld._n polyolb_n and_o spelm._n council_n council_n note_n on_o eadmer_n p._n 184._o 184._o cowell_n interpr_fw-la verb._n heir_n and_o hereditament_n as_o also_o instit_n lib_n 2._o tit_n 14._o pag._n 166._o 166._o lib._n 4._o fol._n 2●3_n b._n objection_n solution_n objection_n solution_n solution_n see_v gesta_fw-la guli●l_n du●●s_n etc._n etc._n p._n 200._o b._n b._n lib._n f●udo●_n 1._o tit_n 8._o parag_n 1._o &_o ibi_fw-la ho●om●nnus_fw-la ho●om●nnus_fw-la v●rsio_fw-la fragmenti_fw-la saxon_n in_o text._n ruffian_n ruffian_n ll._n aluredi_n cap._n ●7_n apud_fw-la ●ornalens_n ll._n ca●ut_fw-la c●p_n 100l_n ibid._n ll._n edo_fw-la in_o lamb._n ●ol_n 136._o a._n a._n ll._n ethelredi_n cap._n 2._o in_o j●r●al_n j●r●al_n judic_n civet_fw-la lond._n ibid._n cap._n 1._o ll._n canu●i_n c._n 32._o ibid._n &_o glossar_n ad_fw-la calcem_fw-la ll._n hen._n 1._o ve●bo_fw-la bocland_n bocland_n of_o who_o see_v spe●d_v hist_o in_o the_o life_n of_o ethelred_n the_o 3●_n monarch_n monarch_n in_o armar_n eccles_n cant._n vid._n bract●n_n lib._n a._n cap_n 1●_n num_fw-la 12._o fol._n 38._o ●_o ●_o glossar_n ve●bo_fw-la bocland_n bocland_n gl_n exit_fw-la his_fw-la in_o addit_fw-la in_o parag_v item_n placet_fw-la insti●_n de_fw-fr donatio_fw-la s●_n parag_v ut_fw-la autem_fw-la lex_fw-la in_o auth._n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr alien_n glossar_n verb._n focland_n &_o verb._n alodium_n alodium_n in_o archiv_n eccles_n cant._n cant._n quaere_fw-la for_o the_o writing_n be_v not_o clear_a clear_a see_v stow_n survey_v p._n 535._o 535._o lamb._n peramb_v pag._n 546._o from_o littleton_n see_v the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n hodgepodge_n hodgepodge_n vid._n spelman_n council_n tom_fw-mi 1._o p._n 425._o 425._o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la intesta●us_fw-la obierit_fw-la liberi_fw-la ejus_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la dividant_a vid._n cl._n seldeni_n not._n ad_fw-la eadmer_n pag._n 184._o c._n 36._o 36._o al._n jusserit_fw-la jusserit_fw-la 1._o reddantur_fw-la reddantur_fw-la vid._n bract._n &_o flet._n p._n 125._o 125._o of_o testament_n par_fw-fr 3._o parag_n 16._o fol._n 112._o b._n and_o 133._o a._n where_o he_o be_v out_o in_o say_v that_o glanvill_n take_v his_o ground_n from_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o be_v impossible_a glanvill_n be_v dead_a long_o before_o a_o eirour_n it_o seem_v occasion_v by_o that_o marginal_a quotation_n not_o glanvill_n own_o but_o his_o that_o set_v he_o forth_o or_o some_o other_o other_o et_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la intestatus_fw-la decesserit_fw-la per_fw-la manus_fw-la parentum_fw-la propinquiorum_fw-la &_o am●corum_fw-la su●●●m_fw-la &_o per_fw-la visum_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la distribuantur_fw-la salvis_fw-la unicuique_fw-la debitis_fw-la quae_fw-la desunctus_fw-la debuit_fw-la which_o in_o effect_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la &_o amicos_fw-la pertinebit_fw-la executio_fw-la executio_fw-la see_v mr._n selden'_v title_n 1._o edit_fw-la pag._n 228_o 273_o 301._o illustrate_v upon_o polyolb_n p._n 208_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verb._n feu●um_n feu●um_n and_o in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 21._o 21._o vid._n spelm._n glossar_n verb._n feudum_n pag._n 258._o col_fw-fr 2._o &_o verb._n baro_n pag._n 81._o col_fw-fr 1._o 1._o histor_n croyland_n croyland_n pag._n 116._o 116._o pag._n 111._o 111._o hotom_n de_fw-fr feud_n lib._n 2._o pag._n 309._o parag_n ult_n do_fw-mi 51._o 51._o spelman_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la supra_fw-la annuente_fw-la rege_fw-la omnes_fw-la carrucat_fw-la as_o quas_fw-la angli_fw-la hidas_n vocant_fw-la funiculo_fw-la mensus_fw-la est_fw-la order_n vital_a hist_o eccles_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1089._o 1089._o bacons●lements_n ●lements_z tract_n 2._o p._n 30._o 30._o ch●p_n 1._o sect._n 3._o p._n 16._o feudum_n derive_v derive_v de_fw-fr we●c●_n bild_n s●●_n ●_o cap._n 49._o num_fw-la 8._o and_o allodium_fw-la allodium_fw-la cowell_n interpreter_n &_o west_n symbol_n g_o p_o r._n 1._o l_o b._n 2._o s●ct_n 603._o feud_n in_o deadly_a feud_n derive_v derive_v saxon_a gospel_n matt._n 25._o 18_o 27_o also_o chap_n 28._o 12_o 15._o &_o verstegan_n pag._n 218._o 218._o vide_fw-la tit_n feud_n ●_o t●t_fw-la 1._o de_fw-fr his_fw-la qui_fw-la feudum_fw-la dare_v possu●t_fw-la spelm._n gloss_n verb._n felonia_n p._n 253._o cowell_n interpret_v verb._n fee_n fee_n biblioth_n cluniae_fw-la pag._n 1390._o &_o cujac_n de_fw-fr feud_n lib._n 3._o tit_n 1._o 1._o verb._n felonia_n felonia_n vulteius_n de_fw-fr feud_n lib_n 1._o cap._n 1._o num_fw-la 14._o 14._o kilian_n diction_n verb._n leen_n &_o dr._n zouch_n descript_n jur_fw-fr temporalis_fw-la sect_n 7._o 7._o vid._n hotoman_n de_fw-fr feud_n lib._n 2._o tit_n 3._o parag_n 4._o 4._o vi._n spelm._n glossar_n verb._n fideles_fw-la fideles_fw-la de_fw-fr gest_n pontif._n lib._n 1._o 1._o hist_o novor_n l._n 1._o p._n 18._o vi_o ●_o dr._n zouch_v descript_n jur_fw-fr temporal_a sect_n 5._o 5._o spelm._n glossar_n verb._n allodium_fw-la allodium_fw-la as_o in_o hundii_n metropol_n salisburg_n bibliothec_n cluniac_a &_o praemonstrat_n hist_o ultraject_n &_o miraei_n cod._n donatio_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n vid._n fleta_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 2._o parag_n 4._o 4._o verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la feudum_fw-la lambard_n in_o verb._n explicat_fw-la verb._n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la s●ripto_o s●ripto_o in_o armar_n ●jusd_v ecclesiae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la see_v scripture_n 20._o in_o the_o appendix_n &_o spelm._n glossary_a vide_fw-la sp●lm_n pag._n 319_o 333._o &_o bed_n hist_n eccles_n anglo-saxon_n lib._n 3._o ●_o 24._o &_o chronolog_n sax._n anno_fw-la 854._o 854._o sp●lm_n council_n p._n 507._o 507._o anno_fw-la 9_o hen._n 3._o c._n 36._o &_o anno_o 7._o ed._n 1_o vide_fw-la custumar_n norman_n cap._n 32._o 32._o ll._n ethelr_n par_fw-fr c._n 2._o &_o ll._n canut_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 75._o gafolland_n neatland_n inland_a utland_n utland_n such_o ●●ply_n as_o that_o in_o a_o ve●y_n ancient_a deed_n in_o christ_n church_n call_v terra_fw-la rusticorum_fw-la it_o occu●rs_v in_o a_o charter_n of_o amfridus_fw-la de_fw-la de●e_fw-la of_o land_n in_o fai●field_n make_v about_o hen._n 3._o time_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v what_o occurr_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o hubert_n t●e_v archbishop_n to_o the_o priory_n of_o s._n gr●go●ies_n by_o cante_n bu●y_n viz._n de_fw-fr decimls_fw-fr militum_fw-la &_o ru●●icorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n ll._n hen._n 1._o cap._n 8._o bracton_n l●b_n 3._o tract_n 2._o cap._n 10._o work-land_n cot-land_n aver_n land_n horse-average_a foot-average_a in-average_a out-ave●ag●_a drof-land_n drofdens_fw-la swilling-land_n hide-land_n yokeland_n akerland_n rodland_n mol-land_n ber-land_n smiths-land_n wareland_n terra-susanna_a forland_n bord-land_n vide_fw-la fletan●_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 5._o p●rag_n 18._o fosterland_n scrudland_n sextary-land_n almestand_n over-land_n monday-land_n monday-land_n in_o lib._n hosp_n s._n laurentii_fw-la propè_fw-la cantuar._n cantuar._n in_o archiv_n eccles_n cant._n cant._n vide_fw-la cl._n seldeni_n notas_fw-la ad_fw-la eadmer_n pag._n 170._o bocland_n in_o canterbury_n allodiarii_fw-la thegnes_fw-la theine_n threnge_n drench_n drench_n mr._n selden'_v title_n of_o hon._n first_o edit_n pag._n 390._o 390._o id._n jan._n angl._n pag._n 61._o coke_n instit_n p._n 1._o fol._n 1._o &_o 5._o cowell_n interpreter_n in_o verb._n fee_n fee_n cowell_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la folcland_n servitus_fw-la rust●can●_n rust●can●_n vide_fw-la adu●_n s●●_n in_o ma●_n paris_n hist_o &_o d_o roger_n twysden_n praefat_fw-la in_o ll._n hen._n 1._o 1._o i_o turn_v conquisitionem_fw-la so_o in_o analogy_n to_o conquaestor_n turn_v by_o conqueror_n conqueror_n or_o ferm_n ferm_n or_o revenue_n revenue_n or_o observance_n observance_n or_o in_o way_n way_n or_o descent_n descent_n or_o observance_n observance_n some_o cause_n haply_o of_o the_o paucity_n of_o charter_n or_o feoffment_n so_o ancient_a as_o those_o time_n extant_a when_o bractan_n write_v a●_n he_o observe_v fol._n 38●_n 38●_n bracton_n fol._n 168._o a._n 170._o a._n 208._o b._n socage_n how_o vulgar_o derive_v derive_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 35_o num_fw-la 1._o fol._n 77._o b._n b._n coke_n insti●_n par_fw-fr 1._o sect_n 117._o and_o 120._o 120._o de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la pp._n 22_o 23._o 23._o mirroir_fw-fr cap._n 1._o sect_n 3._o follow_v by_o by_o coke_n instit_n par_fw-fr 1._o fol._n 14._o ●_o ●_o vide_fw-la foed_n ●d_a etc._n etc._n cap_n 6._o lamb._n explicat_fw-la verb_n in_o verb_n arationis_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la &_o spel._n council_n pag._n 130._o 130._o see_v the_o grand_fw-fr custumier_fw-fr of_o normandy_n