by_o their_o warrant_n or_o commission_n to_o seize_v upon_o the_o good_n of_o all_o person_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o such_o prince_n or_o people_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o make_v just_a reparation_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o damage_n do_v by_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v just_o and_o necessary_o allow_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n for_o if_o private_a person_n be_v injure_v by_o these_o who_o be_v not_o under_o one_o common_a authority_n with_o they_o by_o piracy_n pillage_n or_o otherways_o ofttimes_o they_o can_v know_v the_o injurer_n and_o all_o force_n be_v state_v in_o public_a authority_n they_o can_v make_v use_n thereof_o to_o redress_v or_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v only_o make_v application_n to_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o that_o society_n of_o people_n whereof_o they_o be_v member_n and_o represent_v and_o instruct_v the_o injury_n and_o damage_n sustain_v by_o they_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n and_o thereupon_o desire_v that_o a_o redress_n may_v be_v demand_v which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o ambassador_n or_o other_o minister_n of_o state_n and_o if_o redress_n be_v not_o so_o obtain_v the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v may_v and_o aught_o to_o give_v commission_n for_o seize_v upon_o the_o good_n of_o any_o of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o society_n whereof_o the_o injurer_n be_v member_n till_o just_a satisfaction_n and_o reparation_n be_v obtain_v and_o though_o there_o be_v that_o singularity_n in_o it_o that_o the_o good_n of_o these_o who_o do_v not_o the_o injury_n be_v take_v to_o satisfy_v the_o same_o yet_o therein_o there_o be_v not_o only_a necessity_n but_o moral_a justice_n allow_v and_o approven_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n by_o their_o common_a consent_n for_o without_o this_o society_n can_v not_o be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o the_o public_a association_n of_o people_n imply_v this_o in_o it_o that_o the_o society_n be_v liable_a for_o reparation_n of_o the_o injury_n and_o damage_n of_o any_o of_o their_o society_n when_o reparation_n be_v refuse_v reprysal_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v to_o a_o just_a satisfaction_n and_o therefore_o what_o be_v thereby_o seize_v aught_o to_o be_v adjndged_a in_o court_n of_o admiralty_n wherein_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n seize_v belong_v to_o person_n of_o that_o society_n of_o which_o the_o injurer_n be_v a_o member_n and_o to_o be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n they_o be_v worth_a where_o they_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o to_o be_v adjudge_v in_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o injure_a of_o their_o damage_n and_o interest_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n so_o that_o the_o excress_n shall_v be_v forthco_n ming_z to_o the_o owner_n thereof_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o satisfaction_n be_v obtain_v the_o reprysal_n ought_v to_o ceass_n neither_o do_v the_o usemaking_a of_o reprysal_n in_o this_o just_a order_n and_o measure_n import_v the_o breach_n of_o treaty_n or_o common_a peace_n or_o infer_v public_a war_n though_o they_o may_v become_v the_o occasion_n thereof_o 43._o but_o where_o the_o injury_n be_v public_a and_o attrocious_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v necessary_o and_o just_o allow_v public_a war_n not_o only_o to_o reach_v the_o moveable_n of_o public_a enemy_n but_o their_o territory_n jurisdiction_n and_o estate_n wherein_o the_o proportion_n of_o satisfaction_n can_v be_v so_o measure_v nor_o be_v it_o so_o consider_v as_o in_o reprysal_n that_o which_o accrue_v to_o private_a person_n in_o war_n be_v only_o the_o give_v of_o quarter_n or_o get_v of_o spoil_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o be_v allow_v or_o permit_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a warrant_v by_o public_a authority_n as_o be_v ordinar_n to_o the_o soldier_n upon_o defate_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o seize_v upon_o and_o appropriate_v such_o moveable_n as_o be_v upon_o their_o enemy_n person_n or_o in_o their_o baggage_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o encourage_n of_o soldier_n besiege_v and_o for_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o besiege_a the_o plunder_v of_o place_n gain_v by_o force_n be_v for_o some_o time_n permit_v and_o cease_v so_o soon_o as_o countermand_v in_o other_o case_n what_o belong_v to_o enemy_n be_v confiscate_v for_o public_a use_n and_o soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v content_v with_o their_o wage_n 44._o the_o main_a private_a interest_n in_o public_a war_n be_v that_o which_o accrue_v by_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o admiral_n for_o seize_v and_o appropriate_v of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o public_a enemy_n and_o of_o these_o who_o become_v partaker_n of_o the_o war_n and_o who_o carry_v not_o themselves_o as_o friend_n or_o newter_n to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n engage_v in_o the_o war_n for_o by_o our_o custom_n albeit_o such_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v confiscate_v as_o public_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n or_o state_n yet_o private_a person_n who_o undertake_v these_o commission_n have_v the_o expense_n and_o profit_n of_o these_o seazure_n pay_v a_o fifteen_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o a_o ten_o part_n to_o the_o admiral_n there_o have_v be_v many_o question_n as_o to_o the_o right_n and_o interest_n of_o ally_n and_o newter_n very_o full_o and_o accurat_o debate_v and_o decide_v in_o the_o session_n upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o late_a war_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n which_o because_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o clear_v the_o important_a point_n that_o occur_v in_o these_o controversy_n and_o for_o vindicate_v of_o the_o public_a justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o clear_a and_o short_a method_n we_o can_v give_v account_n of_o what_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o all_o the_o pryze_n which_o come_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o these_o war_n the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o scotland_n be_v the_o judge_n ordinar_n and_o the_o sole_a judge_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n of_o all_o prize_v take_v at_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o second_o instance_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o civil_a cause_n in_o scotland_n which_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o or_o depend_v before_o the_o parliament_n or_o their_o commissioner_n do_v upon_o complaint_n of_o iniquity_n commit_v by_o the_o admiral_n before_o final_a sentence_n advocate_n such_o cause_n wherein_o they_o find_v probable_a ground_n of_o iniquity_n allege_v and_o instruct_v or_o in_o the_o second_o instance_n after_o sentence_n do_v grant_v letter_n of_o suspension_n or_o reduction_n of_o the_o admiral_n decreet_n whereupon_o all_o intricat_a and_o difficile_a question_n in_o matter_n of_o pryze_n come_v to_o be_v debate_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o lord_n there_o be_v no_o question_n when_o the_o good_n and_o ship_n seize_v on_o belong_v to_o enemy_n but_o only_o when_o they_o do_v belong_v or_o be_v pretend_v to_o belong_v to_o ally_n or_o newter_n the_o lord_n upon_o complaint_n of_o iniquity_n commit_v by_o the_o admiral_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o judge_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o pryze_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n yet_o they_o find_v both_o by_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o power_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o by_o the_o custom_n in_o former_a time_n that_o it_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o lord_n to_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n upon_o iniquity_n albeit_o the_o process_n can_v begin_v before_o they_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n for_o as_o they_o be_v the_o king_n ordinar_n council_n all_o matter_n not_o belong_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o another_o court_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o may_v and_o oft_o have_v advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o justice_n general_n and_o other_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n albeit_o the_o lord_n can_v decide_v these_o cause_n as_o be_v only_a judge_n in_o cause_n civil_a yet_o they_o may_v advocate_n the_o same_o that_o in_o case_n the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v relevant_a and_o prove_v they_o may_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o proper_a and_o competent_a judge_n if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v upon_o incompetency_n or_o to_o other_o unsuspect_v judge_n if_o the_o reason_n be_v upon_o the_o suspicion_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o cause_n or_o near_o relate_v to_o the_o party_n or_o have_v enmity_n against_o any_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o advocation_n raise_v by_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o bounder_n against_o captain_n gilleis_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v commit_v iniquity_n in_o grant_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n for_o prove_v the_o property_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o loadn_v the_o lord_n find_v this_o no_o relevant_a ground_n of_o advocation_n of_o the_o cause_n it_o be_v
lord_n of_o erection_n have_v present_v which_o be_v large_o debate_v in_o november_n 1677._o concern_v the_o patronage_n of_o the_o kirk_n of_o allan_n whereunto_o the_o laird_n of_o watertoun_n have_v present_v as_o derive_v right_o to_o a_o erection_n prio_fw-la to_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n and_o have_v desire_v from_o the_o council_n letter_n to_o charge_v the_o bishop_n to_o grant_v collation_n upon_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n ordain_v bishop_n to_o try_v and_o collate_n upon_o the_o patron_n presentation_n the_o matter_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o privy_a council_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o respect_n that_o the_o officer_n of_o state_n do_v claim_v right_a to_o that_o patronage_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n whereupon_o the_o lord_n do_v at_o first_o sist_z any_o further_a progress_n in_o admit_v either_o the_o person_n present_v by_o the_o king_n or_o by_o watertoun_n till_o the_o matter_n be_v discuss_v but_o after_o hear_v the_o cause_n at_o length_n in_o their_o presence_n wattertoun_n have_v allege_v that_o his_o author_n have_v a_o erection_n bear_v the_o patronage_n of_o this_o kirk_n per_fw-la expressum_fw-la and_o that_o such_o patronage_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n because_o they_o be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o the_o abbot_n right_n such_o kirk_n not_o be_v then_o patronat_n but_o patrimonial_a and_o that_o the_o king_n in_o his_o decrect_a arbitral_n have_v determine_v nothing_o anent_o patronage_n but_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n have_v always_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n retain_v the_o right_a of_o the_o teind_n the_o patronage_n belong_v to_o they_o as_o consequent_a to_o the_o teind_n out_o of_o which_o the_o provision_n for_o the_o kirk_n be_v payable_a and_o it_o be_v answer_v for_o the_o king_n that_o though_o the_o abbot_n have_v not_o the_o formal_a right_n of_o presentation_n because_o the_o kirk_n be_v not_o then_o patronat_fw-la yet_o they_o have_v the_o right_a of_o nomination_n or_o substitution_n of_o the_o viccar_n who_o serve_v in_o these_o kirk_n in_o place_n of_o who_o be_v now_o the_o stipendiary_a minister_n these_o new_a patronage_n arise_v form_v the_o dissolution_n of_o these_o abbacy_n into_o distinct_a paroch_n must_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o power_n of_o nomination_n or_o presentation_n of_o these_o stipendiar_n be_v comprehend_v in_o and_o annex_v with_o these_o benefice_n to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o first_o act_n of_o annexation_n but_o especial_o by_o the_o annexation_n 1633._o whereby_o upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n of_o all_o their_o right_n and_o special_o of_o their_o patronage_n the_o king_n by_o his_o decreet_a arbitral_n have_v decern_v to_o they_o only_o ten_o year_n purchase_n for_o the_o feu-duty_n and_o nine_o year_n purchase_n for_o the_o teind_v they_o can_v pretend_v to_o no_o more_o and_o so_o to_o no_o right_a of_o patronage_n likeas_n the_o king_n in_o the_o interruption_n make_v by_o the_o 12_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o do_v express_o declare_v that_o he_o will_v insist_v in_o his_o general_a revocation_n as_o to_o the_o particular_n enumerat_a in_o the_o act_n of_o interruption_n whereof_o patronage_n be_v one_o in_o this_o debate_n the_o lord_n be_v desirous_a that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v upon_o the_o clear_a ground_n and_o to_o know_v if_o prescription_n have_v clear_v the_o matter_n and_o either_o party_n have_v allege_v possession_n the_o lord_n before_o answer_n ordain_v either_o party_n to_o adduce_v all_o the_o evidence_n they_o can_v whether_o the_o king_n or_o wattertoun_n and_o his_o author_n have_v be_v in_o possession_n how_o long_o and_o what_o way_n title_n xix_o tack_n where_o of_o rental_n tacit_a relocation_n and_o remove_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o tack_n 2._o how_o tack_n become_v as_o real_a right_n effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n 3._o who_o may_v grant_v tack_n 4._o how_o tack_n may_v be_v set_v 5._o the_o tenor_n of_o tack_n 6._o the_o effect_n of_o obliegement_n to_o set_v tack_n 7._o tack_n become_v real_a right_n by_o possession_n 8._o tack_n in_o wodests_a after_o redemption_n become_v valid_a 9_o the_o extent_n and_o effect_n of_o tack_n 10._o tacks-man_n in_o possession_n need_v not_o dispute_v the_o setter_n right_a dispute_v as_o heritable_a proprietar_n 11._o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n whereof_o the_o tack_v duty_n be_v payable_a to_o creditor_n 12._o tack_n be_v good_a active_a title_n for_o mail_n and_o duty_n 13._o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n set_v to_o husband_n and_o wife_n 14._o kind_n of_o tack_n 15._o rental_n 16._o the_o effect_n of_o assignation_n or_o subtack_n of_o rental_n or_o other_o tack_n 17._o the_o effect_n of_o subtack_n as_o to_o tutor_n and_o donatar_n 18._o the_o effect_n of_o rental_n in_o court_n book_n or_o rental_a book_n only_o 19_o the_o endurance_n of_o rental_n 20._o the_o effect_n of_o grassoum_n 21._o how_o far_o rental_n become_v void_a by_o alegnation_n assignation_n or_o subtack_n 22._o defect_n of_o subtack_n 23._o tacite_fw-la relocation_n 24._o how_o tack_n fall_v in_o escheat_n 25._o tack_n sleep_v during_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n of_o the_o setter_n and_o be_v valid_a against_o his_o liferentesheat_n 26._o tack_n be_v strictissimi_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o extend_v not_o to_o heir_n or_o voluntary_a assignays_n or_o subtack_n or_o remove_v but_o when_o express_v except_o tack_n for_o liferent_a or_o equivalent_a 27._o tack_n without_o ish_n be_v null_a 28._o how_o far_o tack_n to_o endure_v till_o a_o sum_n be_v pay_v be_v valid_a 29._o tack_n be_v null_a without_o a_o tack_v duty_n 30._o tack_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o express_v the_o entry_n 31._o tenants_n must_v labour_v and_o not_o waste_v or_o open_v the_o ground_n for_o any_o mineral_n 32._o tack_n become_v void_a by_o two_o year_n not_o payment_n of_o the_o tack-duty_n 33._o or_o for_o not_o find_v caution_n to_o pay_v the_o tack-duty_n bygome_v and_o in_o time_n to_o come_v 34._o or_o by_o the_o tenants_n renounciation_n 35._o by_o contrary_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n 36._o by_o deed_n contrary_a to_o the_o tack_v 37._o or_o by_o remove_v 38._o summar_n remove_v without_o warning_n in_o what_o case_n 39_o the_o old_a way_n of_o remove_v tenant_n 40._o warn_v of_o tenant_n to_o remove_v 41._o the_o active_a title_n in_o removeing_n 42._o exception_n against_o remove_n not_o instant_o verify_v be_v not_o receiveable_a till_o caution_n be_v find_v for_o the_o violent_a profit_n 43._o defence_n against_o remove_v and_o reply_n thereto_o 44._o violent_a profit_n 45._o succeed_v in_o the_o vice_n of_o tenant_n remove_v 1._o atack_n of_o itself_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o personal_a contract_n of_o location_n whereby_o land_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n have_v profit_n or_o fruit_n be_v set_v to_o the_o tacks-man_n for_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n or_o profit_n thereof_o for_o a_o hire_n which_o be_v call_v the_o tack-duty_n which_o therefore_o do_v only_o oblige_v the_o setter_n and_o his_o heir_n to_o make_v it_o effectual_a to_o the_o tacks-man_n but_o do_v not_o introduce_v any_o real_a right_n affect_v the_o thing_n set_v and_o carry_v therewith_o to_o singular_a successor_n 2._o but_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o thing_n set_v cease_v to_o be_v the_o setter_n the_o tack_n can_v not_o reach_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v with_o we_o tillthe_n statute_n par._n 1449._o cap._n 18._o whereby_o purchaser_n and_o singular_a successor_n be_v disenable_v to_o break_v the_o tack_n set_v to_o the_o tenant_n by_o this_o statute_n tack_n become_v as_o real_a right_n affect_v the_o ground_n and_o because_o they_o can_v come_v the_o length_n to_o be_v esteem_v as_o right_n of_o property_n they_o be_v rank_v here_o among_o servitude_n personal_a for_o as_o liferent-rights_a be_v real_a right_n put_v a_o servitude_n upon_o hereditament_n to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o liferenter_fw-la during_o life_n whereof_o a_o liferent-tack_n be_v a_o kind_n so_o other_o tack_n do_v subject_a the_o thing_n set_v to_o the_o tacks-man_n for_o a_o time_n and_o affect_v the_o same_o though_o it_o pass_v to_o singular_a successor_n albeit_o the_o statute_n only_o express_v that_o buyer_n shall_v not_o break_v tack_n and_o be_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o poor_a labourer_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o who_o security_n it_o be_v chief_o intend_v yet_o it_o be_v extend_v against_o all_o singular_a successor_n whether_o by_o sale_n exchange_n apprize_a adjudication_n or_o any_o other_o way_n as_o the_o statute_n bear_v in_o who_o hand_n soever_o the_o land_n come_v and_o also_o in_o favour_n of_o all_o tacks-man_n whether_o they_o be_v labourer_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o not_o whereby_o tack_n be_v now_o become_v the_o most_o ordinary_a and_o important_a right_n and_o if_o the_o great_a favour_n of_o this_o statute_n make_v they_o not_o in_o other_o thingsto_fw-la be_v strict_o
law_n for_o such_o till_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la gestum_fw-la erat_fw-la ratum_fw-la non_fw-la habebo_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la but_o by_o that_o edict_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n such_o deed_n and_o obligation_n as_o be_v by_o force_n and_o fear_n be_v make_v utter_o void_a though_o in_o equity_n the_o effect_n almost_o will_v be_v the_o same_o for_o see_v the_o delinquence_n do_v by_o extortion_n oblige_v to_o reparation_n if_o any_o shall_v be_v pursue_v upon_o a_o extort_a obligation_n he_o will_v have_v the_o exception_n of_o compensation_n upon_o the_o obligement_n of_o reparation_n and_o so_o may_v also_o by_o action_n obtain_v such_o obligation_n or_o other_o right_a to_o be_v annul_v this_o edict_n be_v not_o competent_a upon_o every_o force_n or_o fear_n but_o first_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v unlawful_a l._n 3._o §_o 1._o ff_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la second_o such_o as_o may_v befall_v a_o constant_a man_n as_o of_o life_n l._n 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o ff_n l._n 9_o c._n eodem_fw-la or_o torment_v of_o the_o body_n l._n 4._o c._n eodem_fw-la or_o of_o bondage_n l._n 8._o §_o 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la or_o the_o loss_n of_o estate_n l._n 9_o ff_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la or_o infamy_n or_o disgrace_n l._n 8._o §_o 2._o ff_n eodem_fw-la or_o of_o bond_n and_o prison_n l._n 22._o ff_n eodem_fw-la but_o only_o unlawful_a and_o private_a and_o not_o public_a imprisonment_n l._n 3._o §_o 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la it_o be_v not_o competent_a upon_o reverential_a fear_n l._n 8._o ff_n l._n 6._o c._n eodem_fw-la nor_o upon_o fear_n contract_v upon_o power_n and_o dignity_n d._n l._n 6._o nor_o of_o threat_n l._n 9_o c._n eodem_fw-la except_o they_o be_v from_o powerful_a person_n l._n 23._o §_o 1._o quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la the_o effect_n of_o the_o edict_n be_v be_v pursue_v within_o a_o year_n unless_o reparation_n be_v make_v before_o sentence_n the_o party_n be_v condemn_v in_o the_o quadruple_a and_o the_o penalty_n be_v triple_a and_o apply_v to_o the_o injure_v and_o after_o the_o year_n simple_a reparation_n l._n 14._o §_o 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la our_o custom_n go_v much_o along_o with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o this_o but_o so_o as_o not_o bind_v thereby_o respect_v most_o when_o the_o true_a reciprocal_a cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n be_v force_n or_o fear_v not_o be_v vain_a or_o foolish_a fear_n and_o it_o be_v competent_a ordinary_o by_o way_n of_o action_n or_o sometime_o by_o exception_n spot_n exception_n tenant_n of_o cockburns-path_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o home_n it_o be_v eleided_a by_o a_o judicial_a ratification_n of_o the_o deed_n upon_o oath_n july_n 4._o 1642._o agnes_n graham_n contra_fw-la anthony_n balvaird_n extortion_n be_v more_o easy_o sustain_v in_o deed_n of_o weak_a person_n and_o therefore_o extortion_n be_v find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v a_o disposition_n by_o a_o facile_a weak_a person_n who_o be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o purchaser_n upon_o a_o caption_n of_o a_o three_o party_n and_o detain_v by_o his_o servant_n and_o officer_n and_o not_o by_o messenger_n and_o keep_v latent_fw-la in_o obscure_a house_n and_o carry_v from_o place_n to_o place_n in_o the_o night_n till_o he_o subscribe_v a_o disposition_n of_o his_o whole_a estate_n for_o a_o cause_n not_o near_o the_o three_o of_o its_o value_n albeit_o there_o be_v produce_v a_o cancel_v minute_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o the_o disposition_n in_o question_n wherein_o the_o two_o actor_n of_o the_o force_n be_v witness_n insert_v but_o the_o disponer_n name_n nor_o no_o part_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o a_o lacerate_v place_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v cancel_v without_o any_o anterior_a adminicle_n to_o astruct_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o january_n 10._o 1677._o sir_n archibald_n stuart_n of_o castlemilk_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n whitefoord_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o hamiltoun_n extortion_n fall_v most_o to_o be_v controvert_v in_o deed_n do_v by_o wife_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o deed_n be_v extreme_o to_o their_o prejudice_n and_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o their_o husband_n it_o be_v presume_v as_o do_v ex_fw-la reverentia_fw-la maritali_fw-la thus_o a_o wife_n discharge_v of_o her_o whole_a contract_n be_v find_v null_n without_o allege_v any_o compulsion_n january_n 9_o 1623._o marshel_n contra_fw-la marshel_n but_o ordinary_o marital_a reverence_n be_v not_o sufficient_a though_o the_o husband_n be_v vir_fw-la foerox_n and_o be_v thereafter_o divorce_v hope_n husband_n and_o wife_n hepburn_n contra_fw-la nasmith_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wife_n disposition_n or_o consent_v to_o their_o husband_n disposition_n it_o be_v find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v the_o same_o that_o the_o wife_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o subscribe_v before_o the_o witness_n declare_v that_o she_o be_v compel_v provide_v that_o a_o three_o party_n a_o stranger_n to_o the_o husband_n fault_n be_v restore_v nicol._n de_o his_o quae_fw-la vi_fw-la lady_n cockpen_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o conheath_n it_o be_v also_o find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v a_o wife_n consent_n to_o her_o husband_n disposition_n because_o before_o he_o have_v beat_v menace_v and_o extrude_v she_o for_o not_o consent_v but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o wife_n appear_v well_o content_a at_o the_o subscription_n witness_n be_v examine_v hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la for_o trial_n of_o the_o truth_n june_n 27._o 1632._o cassie_n contra_fw-la fleming_n but_o where_o a_o husband_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v vir_fw-la foerox_n and_o that_o he_o do_v threaten_v his_o wife_n to_o do_v the_o deed_n in_o question_n and_o that_o she_o appear_v to_o the_o witness_n unwilling_a the_o time_n of_o the_o subscription_n it_o be_v find_v relevant_a june_n 24._o 1664._o woodhead_n contra_fw-la barbara_n nairn_n but_o a_o wife_n subscribe_v her_o husband_n testament_n contain_v provision_n prejudicial_a to_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v not_o repone_v as_o have_v do_v it_o ex_fw-la reverentia_fw-la maritali_fw-la at_o her_o husband_n desire_n who_o be_v moribundus_fw-la he_o have_v lie_v long_o sick_a and_o she_o have_v marry_v within_o a_o year_n thereafter_o and_o the_o deed_n do_v to_o her_o only_a daughter_n january_n 24._o 1674._o marjory_n murray_n and_o michael_n jaffray_n contra_fw-la isobel_n murray_n upon_o the_o like_a ground_n extortion_n will_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o presume_v and_o sustain_v in_o the_o deed_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v weak_a and_o infirm_a of_o judgement_n or_o courage_n then_o of_o these_o who_o be_v know_v and_o confident_a and_o more_o easy_o in_o deed_n and_o obligation_n gratuitous_a and_o free_a then_o in_o such_o as_o be_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n which_o will_v not_o easy_o be_v annul_v unless_o manifest_a lesion_n do_v appear_v or_o that_o the_o compulsion_n be_v very_o evident_a yet_o the_o resignation_n of_o the_o earldom_n of_o mortoun_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n james_n the_o five_o be_v reduce_v because_o the_o resigner_n be_v then_o imprison_v by_o the_o king_n without_o any_o visible_a cause_n and_o be_v discharge_v the_o same_o day_n he_o make_v the_o resignation_n sinclar_n april_n 12._o 1543._o earl_n of_o mortoun_n contra_fw-la the_o queen_n metus_fw-la be_v sustain_v to_o reduce_v a_o bond_n grant_v by_o a_o party_n because_o he_o be_v take_v by_o caption_n be_v sick_a january_n 22._o 1667._o mr._n john_n mair_n contra_fw-la stuart_n of_o shambelly_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v to_o reduce_v a_o bond_n grant_v by_o two_o son_n for_o free_v their_o father_n who_o be_v take_v by_o a_o caption_n though_o the_o charge_n be_v suspend_v he_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o hill_n and_o menace_v on_o his_o life_n though_o the_o son_n get_v abatement_n and_o so_o there_o appear_v a_o transaction_n december_n 8._o 1671._o mcnish_n contra_fw-la spalding_n and_o farquherson_n 9_o circumvention_n signify_v the_o act_n of_o fraud_n whereby_o a_o person_n be_v induce_v to_o a_o deed_n or_o obligation_n by_o deceit_n it_o be_v call_v dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la and_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n and_o so_o not_o be_v know_v to_o the_o party_n induce_v before_o it_o can_v have_v any_o legal_a effect_n for_o he_o who_o know_v the_o snare_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v ensnare_v but_o to_o ensnare_v himself_o and_o though_o deceit_n be_v use_v yet_o where_o it_o be_v not_o deceit_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n but_o the_o party_n proper_a motion_n inclination_n or_o a_o equivalent_a cause_n onerous_a it_o infer_v not_o circumvention_n so_o neither_o do_v error_n nor_o mistake_v though_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n and_o be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o err_a party_n and_o though_o if_o it_o
be_v make_v thereon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n neither_o when_o keep_v on_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o master_n rent_n by_o his_o servant_n see_v they_o express_v not_o that_o cause_n nor_o crave_v not_o security_n therefore_o from_o the_o poynder_n february_n 1._o 1628._o laird_n of_o halkertoun_n contra_fw-la kadie_n and_o grieves_n but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_o for_o the_o rent_n rest_v it_o will_v not_o infer_v deforcement_n if_o such_o be_v true_o rest_v neither_o do_v resistance_n of_o poind_v of_o plough-goods_a in_o labour_v time_n where_o there_o be_v other_o good_n sufficient_a infer_v deforcement_n february_n last_o 1561._o abbot_n of_o kilwinning_n contra_fw-la tenant_n stop_v of_o poind_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o groundor_n landlord_n of_o a_o house_n for_o that_o year_n rend_v infer_v not_o deforcement_n december_n 7._o 1630._o dick_n contra_fw-la land_n or_o that_o he_o hinder_v entry_n unless_o there_o be_v special_a warrant_n in_o the_o letter_n to_o make_v open_a door_n 30._o contravention_n as_o it_o signify_v any_o act_n do_v against_o lawborrow_n so_o it_o imply_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o contraveen_a and_o the_o personal_a right_n which_o the_o user_n of_o the_o lawborrow_n have_v thereby_o and_o likewise_o the_o action_n by_o which_o it_o be_v pursue_v for_o the_o uptake_n of_o all_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o lawborrow_n be_v which_o the_o word_n itself_o insinuat_v to_o be_v caution_n find_v to_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o order_n of_o law_n for_o a_o burrow_n or_o burgh_n in_o our_o ancient_a language_n be_v a_o cautioner_n and_o lawborrow_n be_v caution_n to_o keep_v the_o law_n the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v the_o safety_n and_o security_n of_o the_o people_n who_o in_o equity_n have_v no_o more_o than_o the_o reparation_n of_o the_o damnage_n they_o sustain_v through_o delinquence_n or_o illegal_a act_n but_o to_o prevent_v such_o and_o terrify_v evil_a doer_n a_o great_a penalty_n than_o reparation_n be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o injurer_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 166._o the_o half_a of_o the_o penalty_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o injure_v and_o the_o other_o half_o be_v public_a par._n 1581._o cap._n 117._o by_o the_o narrative_a of_o which_o statute_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o before_o lawborrows_n be_v grant_v only_o for_o safety_n against_o bodily_a harm_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o complainer_n yet_o for_o the_o reason_n therein_o express_v the_o same_o be_v extend_v that_o the_o complainer_n their_o wife_n bairn_n 〈◊〉_d and_o servant_n shall_v be_v harmless_a and_o skaithless_a in_o their_o body_n land_n tack_n possession_n good_n and_o gear_n and_o no_o way_n molest_v or_o trouble_v therein_o by_o the_o person_n complain_v on_o nor_o no_o other_o of_o their_o cause_v send_v hound_v out_o ressetting_n command_n assistance_n and_o ratihabition_n who_o they_o may_v stop_v or_o let_v direct_o or_o indirect_o otherways_o then_o by_o order_n of_o law_n or_o justice_n by_o the_o same_o statute_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o lawborrow_n be_v grant_v upon_o the_o supplication_n of_o party_n fear_v harm_n who_o without_o cite_v the_o other_o party_n but_o make_v faith_n upon_o their_o complaint_n have_v letter_n of_o horning_n summary_o to_o charge_v the_o party_n complain_v on_o to_o find_v caution_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la and_o if_o caution_n be_v find_v the_o action_n of_o contravention_n do_v proceed_v upon_o and_o conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o caution_n but_o if_o obedience_n be_v not_o give_v the_o complainer_n may_v proceed_v to_o denunciation_n or_o caption_n but_o the_o contravention_n will_v proceed_v though_o there_o be_v no_o caution_n find_v but_o only_o a_o charge_n upon_o the_o letter_n without_o denunciation_n unless_o the_o charge_n be_v suspend_v as_o use_n to_o be_v do_v when_o the_o penalty_n charge_v for_o be_v exorbitant_a and_o not_o conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n january_n 8._o 1628._o john_n semple_n contra_fw-la cunninghame_n contravention_n may_v proceed_v upon_o any_o delinquence_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o act_n of_o caution_n or_o letter_n of_o lawborrow_n which_o though_o very_o comprehensive_a yet_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o act_n do_v without_o order_n of_o law_n be_v matter_n of_o inconsiderable_a moment_n as_o the_o tilling_n up_o of_o some_o furrow_n in_o a_o march_n the_o same_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o the_o damnage_n to_o be_v repair_v nic._n hic_fw-la nicolson_n contra_fw-la hay_n neither_o be_v it_o sustain_v upon_o any_o illegal_a deed_n when_o the_o matter_n of_o right_o be_v dubious_a as_o in_o matter_n of_o molestation_n before_o the_o cognition_n or_o before_o that_o the_o march_n be_v clear_a spot_n contravention_n laird_n of_o balcaskie_n contra_fw-la florence_n strang._n neither_o upon_o a_o deed_n do_v by_o a_o colourable_a title_n though_o afterward_o reduce_v as_o enter_v in_o possession_n by_o a_o nats_n decreet_a hope_n hic_fw-la george_n moorhead_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o barskub_n neither_o upon_o pasture_v upon_o bound_n controvert_v or_o where_o there_o be_v no_o violence_n nor_o unlawfulness_n in_o pasturage_n upon_o clear_a march_n july_n 14._o 1626._o laird_n of_o grange_n contra_fw-la lesly_n neither_o upon_o a_o deed_n of_o spuilzie_n against_o the_o pursuer_n tenant_n not_o complain_v though_o the_o lawborrow_n bear_v men-tennant_n and_o servant_n to_o be_v harmless_a which_o be_v esteem_v stilus_fw-la curiae_fw-la january_n 28._o 1632._o grant_v contra_fw-la grant_v and_o february_n 9_o 1633._o lindsay_n contra_fw-la dennistoun_n neither_o be_v it_o sustain_v upon_o deed_n do_v by_o the_o defender_n tenant_n without_o allege_v command_n or_o ratihabition_n unless_o the_o deed_n be_v manifest_a or_o know_v to_o their_o master_n as_o in_o conveen_v daily_o and_o cut_v another_o wood_n july_n 9_o 1611._o vauns_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balnagown_n neither_o upon_o deed_n do_v by_o servant_n without_o warrant_n unless_o they_o be_v menial_a servant_n hope_v bic_n john_n galbraith_n contra_fw-la william_n anderson_n yet_o contravention_n be_v sustain_v upon_o hurt_n do_v to_o the_o pursuer_n servant_n though_o he_o be_v then_o rebel_n be_v afterward_o relax_v hope_n horning_n bruce_n of_o clackmannan_n contra_fw-la bruce_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v upon_o attempt_n of_o injury_n though_o there_o be_v no_o hurt_n as_o a_o stroke_n on_o the_o clothes_n and_o one_o offer_v to_o strike_v with_o a_o whinger_n december_n 21._o 1609._o greenyard_n contra_fw-la clackmannan_n and_o also_o upon_o a_o violent_a trouble_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi without_o order_n of_o law_n though_o without_o damnage_n spot_n hic_fw-la laird_n of_o balcaskie_n contra_fw-la florence_n strang._n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v upon_o a_o delinquence_n though_o there_o be_v another_o action_n competent_a therefore_o as_o for_o molestation_n november_n 29._o 1609._o dundass_v contra_fw-la cuming_n of_o ironside_n or_o for_o violent_a possession_n after_o warn_v hope_n de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la cuthbert_n cunninghame_n contra_fw-la but_o if_o the_o other_o ordinar_n action_n be_v insist_v in_o and_o decreet_a obtain_v contravention_n also_o can_v be_v pursue_v though_o the_o other_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v renounce_v hope_n contro_fw-la johnstoun_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n charter_n contravention_n be_v elide_v by_o grant_v a_o factory_a after_o the_o deed_n libel_v to_o do_v the_o like_a reserve_v only_a damnage_n and_o interest_n february_n 19_o 1633._o dennistoun_n contra_fw-la lindsay_n contravention_n on_o several_a deed_n sustain_v separatim_fw-la toties_fw-la quoties_fw-la and_o against_o many_o contraveener_n contraveen_v in_o one_o act_n but_o in_o such_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v modify_v and_o lesten_z the_o penalty_n within_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n novemb_n 29._o 〈◊〉_d dundass_v contra_fw-la cuming_n of_o ironside_n nic._n contro_fw-la sir_n john_n scot_n contra_fw-la barns_n contravention_n be_v not_o find_v pursuable_a before_o any_o inferior_a judge_n otherways_o the_o decreet_a thereof_o will_v be_v null_a by_o exception_n july_n 6._o 1611._o kennedy_n taylzeor_fw-la contra_fw-la kennedy_n of_o garriehorn_n yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v where_o the_o matter_n be_v small_a and_o the_o party_n poor_a march_v 12._o 1622._o blair_n contra_fw-la marshel_n in_o contravention_n the_o king_n advocate_n must_v concur_v for_o the_o king_n interest_n but_o he_o can_v insist_v alone_o as_o when_o the_o private_a party_n have_v discharge_v the_o deed_n even_o after_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o cause_n hope_v entro_fw-la forrest_n contra_fw-la malcolm_n turnbul_n title_n x._o obligation_n conventional_a by_o promise_n paction_n and_o contract_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o conventional_a obligation_n 2._o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n desire_v resolution_n and_o engagement_n and_o their_o effect_n 3._o pollicitation_n or_o offer_n and_o its_o effect_n 4._o promise_n 5._o contract_n in_o favour_n of_o three_o party_n valid_a 6._o paction_n and_o how_o word_n be_v obligatory_a 7._o naked_a paction_n 8._o
enervat_fw-la their_o testimony_n if_o they_o be_v make_v to_o swear_v at_o sea_n the_o privateer_n and_o company_n have_v sword_n and_o pistol_n in_o their_o hand_n because_o to_o evite_v the_o insamy_n of_o perjury_n they_o may_v adhere_v in_o their_o judicial_a re-examination_n to_o their_o testimony_n take_v at_o sea_n upon_o oath_n albeit_o not_o true_a or_o if_o by_o force_n or_o just_a fear_n they_o do_v so_o depone_v before_o the_o admiral_n deput_n february_n 25._o 1668._o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o castle_n of_o riga_n contra_fw-la captain_n seatoun_n the_o like_a be_v find_v where_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o company_n be_v hollander_n june_n 30._o 1668._o peterson_n contra_fw-la captain_n anderson_n and_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o captain_n allan_n and_o bartholomew_n parkman_n decide_v july_n 9_o 1668._o the_o ship_n be_v find_v prize_n for_o have_v a_o number_n of_o hollander_n sailor_n viz._n three_o the_o company_n be_v nine_o and_o for_o have_v a_o small_a parcel_n of_o tar_n as_o counterband_n aboard_o and_o have_v aboard_o the_o product_n of_o counterband_n take_v in_o the_o immediate_a return_n of_o that_o voyage_n upon_o all_o which_o ground_n joint_o the_o ship_n be_v declare_v prize_n but_o in_o this_o war_n there_o have_v no_o ship_n be_v declare_v prize_n upon_o account_n of_o the_o company_n be_v hollander_n neither_o because_o the_o master_n be_v a_o hollander_n if_o he_o be_v not_o also_o a_o part_n owner_n albeit_o two_o of_o the_o company_n be_v hollander_n july_n 24._o 1673._o captain_n bennet_n contra_fw-la the_o owner_n of_o the_o pearl_n but_o the_o master_n be_v a_o hollander_n be_v find_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o suspicion_n and_o seazure_n but_o not_o of_o confiscation_n the_o property_n be_v prove_v to_o pertain_v to_o free_a man_n and_o therefore_o probation_n be_v allow_v to_o either_o party_n july_n 16._o 1673._o captain_n lyle_n contra_fw-la the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o leopard_n the_o hire_v of_o the_o enemy_n people_n be_v no_o assistance_n to_o they_o in_o the_o war_n but_o rather_o a_o weaken_n of_o they_o so_o that_o if_o these_o of_o the_o enemy_n country_n be_v only_o aboard_o as_o servant_n to_o newter_n and_o not_o upon_o their_o own_o account_n either_o as_o trader_n or_o passenger_n there_o have_v be_v no_o inquiry_n in_o the_o last_o war_n as_o to_o their_o residence_n neither_o have_v any_o thing_n as_o to_o that_o point_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o last_o proclamation_n of_o war_n or_o in_o his_o majesty_n instruction_n to_o the_o admirality_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o though_o the_o law_n may_v have_v reach_v ship_n navigate_fw-la by_o hollander_n reside_v in_o holland_n and_o not_o change_v the_o domicile_a yet_o in_o favour_n and_o prudence_n that_o ground_n have_v not_o be_v sustain_v it_o be_v more_o the_o king_n interest_n to_o allow_v his_o enemy_n to_o withdraw_v from_o their_o country_n then_o to_o force_v they_o to_o serve_v only_o there_o counterband_n be_v not_o only_o a_o cause_n of_o confiscation_n when_o take_v go_v towards_o enemy_n port_n but_o also_o when_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v in_o her_o return_n from_o the_o enemy_n port_n in_o that_o same_o voyage_n for_o then_o the_o delinquence_n be_v complete_a whereas_o it_o have_v not_o take_v effect_n before_o the_o ship_n attain_v the_o port_n and_o yet_o may_v be_v just_o seize_v before_o the_o full_a effect_n because_o the_o seazure_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o her_o voyage_n be_v the_o impediment_n that_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o attain_v and_o therefore_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o nation_n have_v allow_v such_o seazure_n for_o otherways_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o hinder_v newter_n to_o carry_v counterband-goods_a to_o enemy_n for_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n neither_o will_v the_o pretence_n of_o alter_v their_o resolution_n to_o sail_v to_o or_o disload_v in_o a_o free_a port_n be_v a_o sufficient_a defence_n unless_o the_o ship_n be_v actual_o steer_v another_o course_n but_o if_o a_o ship_n shall_v be_v pursue_v to_o be_v search_v for_o counterband_n in_o her_o passage_n to_o a_o enemy_n port_n and_o shall_v be_v wait_v for_o till_o her_o return_n and_o take_v as_o she_o come_v from_o that_o port_n there_o can_v be_v far_o less_o pretence_n to_o excuse_v that_o delinquence_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o confiscation_n of_o parkmans_n ship_n take_v by_o captain_n allan_n that_o she_o be_v take_v in_o the_o return_n of_o the_o same_o voyage_n in_o which_o she_o carry_v counterband_n to_o the_o enemy_n port_n july_n 9_o 1668._o and_o though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o reason_n be_v libel_v that_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v have_v in_o her_o the_o product_n of_o counterband_n have_v the_o same_o effect_n with_o counterband_n itself_o quia_fw-la surrogatum_fw-la sapit_fw-la naturam_fw-la surrogati_fw-la yet_o without_o that_o in_o the_o foresay_a case_n of_o captain_n lyle_n it_o be_v find_v sufficient_a that_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v in_o the_o return_n of_o that_o same_o voyage_n in_o which_o she_o carry_v counterband_n without_o mention_n of_o the_o product_n thereof_o july_n 16._o 1673._o in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v find_v necessary_a that_o the_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o owner_n that_o have_v carry_v in_o the_o counterband_n so_o that_o though_o the_o ship_n have_v be_v light_n without_o any_o load_n she_o will_v have_v be_v prize_n unless_o she_o have_v be_v a_o swedish_n ship_n and_o so_o secure_v by_o the_o swedish_n treaty_n confiscate_v only_a counterband_n when_o it_o be_v actual_o take_v it_o be_v a_o most_o convenient_a moderation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o the_o delinquence_n of_o carry_v counterband_n be_v follow_v no_o further_a than_o the_o immediate_a return_n of_o that_o voyage_n otherways_o it_o will_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o mar_v trade_n by_o perpetual_a quarrel_n upon_o pretence_n of_o counterband_n carry_v in_o to_o enemy_n in_o former_a voyage_n in_o these_o war_n there_o have_v be_v no_o occasion_n to_o determine_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o confiscation_n if_o a_o ship_n be_v take_v in_o return_n of_o that_o voyage_n wherein_o she_o be_v load_v with_o enemy_n good_n the_o dutch_a by_o their_o declaration_n do_v prohibit_v all_o friend_n and_o ally_n not_o only_o to_o carry_v counterband-goods_a to_o any_o port_n in_o the_o king_n dominion_n but_o to_o be_v find_v therewith_o upon_o his_o coast_n or_o divert_v from_o the_o voyage_n they_o may_v make_v with_o counterband_n towards_o the_o king_n port_n hold_v that_o for_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n of_o their_o intend_v these_o port_n which_o be_v like_a they_o will_v not_o take_v off_o by_o document_n aboard_o express_v their_o own_o port_n or_o the_o port_n of_o newter_n it_o be_v so_o easy_a to_o procure_v false_a and_o colourable_a document_n yet_o that_o be_v never_o sustain_v as_o a_o relevant_a ground_n of_o adjudication_n with_o we_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o confiscation_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o ally_n and_o newter_n upon_o account_n of_o counterband_n and_o the_o assistance_n give_v to_o enemy_n thereby_o have_v be_v clear_v the_o other_o chief_a ground_n of_o confiscation_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o newter_n be_v by_o their_o concourse_n with_o enemy_n in_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o the_o treaty_n the_o formula_fw-la of_o pass_n do_v require_v that_o it_o be_v attest_v upon_o oath_n that_o the_o ship_n and_o load_n belong_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o ally_n and_o no_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o likewise_o the_o particular_a kind_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o cargo_n and_o the_o owner_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o ship_n must_v be_v express_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o unfree_a ship_n confiscat_n the_o load_n as_o accessary_a thereto_o but_o that_o unfree_a load_n or_o a_o part_n thereof_o do_v not_o confiscate_v the_o ship_n which_o be_v but_o a_o groundless_a subtlety_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o confiscation_n be_v the_o partake_n with_o enemy_n in_o carry_v on_o of_o their_o trade_n it_o take_v place_n alike_o in_o the_o ship_n and_o load_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o but_o it_o be_v a_o delinquence_n it_o have_v still_o the_o exception_n of_o the_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la and_o ignorance_n of_o these_o who_o partake_v in_o that_o conjunction_n of_o trade_n but_o though_o the_o society_n or_o partnership_n be_v enter_v into_o before_o the_o war_n it_o be_v not_o find_v to_o liberat_fw-la see_v there_o be_v time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o dissolve_v it_o after_o july_n 17._o 1673._o master_n of_o the_o golden_a falcon_n contra_fw-la captain_n buchannan_n that_o a_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n belong_v to_o a_o enemy_n do_v confiscate_v the_o whole_a ship_n and_o load_v have_v be_v of_o time_n decide_v even_o in_o
it_o be_v sufficient_a with_o possession_n until_o the_o solemnity_n of_o instrument_n of_o seasine_n be_v introduce_v and_o be_v still_o sufficient_a when_o seasine_n be_v right_o adhibit_v for_o we_o follow_v not_o that_o subtlety_n of_o annul_v deed_n because_o they_o be_v sine_fw-la causa_fw-la but_o do_v esteem_v they_o as_o gratuitous_a donation_n and_o therefore_o narrative_n express_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o disposition_n be_v never_o inquire_v in_o because_o though_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n the_o disposition_n be_v good_a and_o albeit_o neither_o tenendas_fw-la reddendo_fw-la or_o the_o modus_fw-la acquirendi_fw-la be_v express_v yet_o if_o the_o property_n be_v the_o disponer_n and_o he_o do_v but_o express_v the_o disposition_n to_o be_v in_o fee_fw-mi and_o heretage_n it_o be_v valid_a for_o the_o reddendo_fw-la be_v understand_v to_o be_v service_n accustom_v in_o ward-holdings_a and_o there_o will_v be_v carry_v though_o not_o express_v all_o the_o part_n and_o pertinent_o of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o any_o disposition_n de_fw-fr presenti_fw-la in_o fee_n be_v valid_a as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o infeftment_n although_o the_o disposition_n contain_v a_o obligement_n to_o grant_v charter_n yet_o the_o not_o grant_v there_o of_o do_v not_o prejudge_v and_o if_o charter_n be_v grant_v relative_a to_o prior_n obliegement_n yet_o the_o charter_n be_v good_a without_o necessity_n to_o prove_v these_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v sustain_v for_o the_o superior_a or_o any_o competitor_n that_o if_o the_o prior_n obligation_n disposition_n or_o contract_n be_v produce_v it_o will_v be_v find_v conditional_a or_o have_v clause_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o that_o competitor_n whether_o general_o or_o particular_o allege_v but_o if_o these_o be_v lose_v the_o charter_n be_v sufficient_a and_o no_o more_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o the_o real_a right_n than_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o charter_n yea_o though_o the_o charter_n bear_v according_a to_o the_o provision_n and_o condition_n contain_v in_o such_o a_o contract_n disposition_n or_o bond_n which_o may_v import_v that_o the_o superior_a by_o grant_v the_o charter_n without_o these_o have_v not_o pass_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o he_o may_v insist_v upon_o they_o as_o personal_a obliegement_n and_o the_o vassal_n will_v be_v oblige_v to_o produce_v the_o same_o ad_fw-la modum_fw-la probationis_fw-la by_o exhibition_n as_o a_o incident_a diligence_n whereupon_o he_o must_v depone_n whether_o he_o have_v they_o or_o have_v they_o since_o the_o citation_n or_o do_v at_o any_o time_n fraudful_o put_v they_o away_o but_o if_o without_o fraud_n they_o be_v lose_v the_o charter_n be_v sufficient_a and_o in_o no_o case_n do_v require_v the_o production_n of_o any_o former_a ground_n precept_n of_o clare_v constat_fw-la be_v also_o sufficient_a see_v they_o contain_v a_o precept_n to_o infeft_a such_o a_o person_n as_o vassal_n which_o imply_v the_o dispositive_a will_v of_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o be_v valid_a in_o place_n of_o a_o charter_n from_o its_o date_n albeit_o it_o 〈◊〉_d no_o effect_n against_o singular_a successor_n as_o to_o that_o vassal_n predecessor_n right_n which_o must_v be_v instruct_v by_o the_o right_n themselves_o and_o not_o by_o the_o superior_n acknowledgement_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n other_o precept_n of_o seasine_n not_o relate_v to_o particular_a charter_n or_o seasine_n but_o either_o simple_a or_o bear_v secundam_fw-la cartam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d be_v sufficient_a although_o these_o charter_n be_v never_o grant_v but_o there_o will_v be_v only_o understand_v a_o proper_a ward-holding_a gratuitous_a without_o 〈◊〉_d extend_v only_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o vassal_n body_n but_o not_o reach_v to_o 〈◊〉_d or_o ascendant_n unless_o the_o precept_n express_v or_o insinuat_fw-la a_o onerous_a title_n 〈◊〉_d vendition_n excambion_n etc._n etc._n but_o since_o write_v become_v to_o be_v a_o essential_a solemnity_n of_o fee_n the_o superior_n 〈◊〉_d dispositive_a act_n must_v be_v in_o write_v but_o his_o preterite_n declaratory_a act_n acknowledge_v such_o a_o person_n and_o his_o predecessor_n to_o be_v vassal_n and_o have_v the_o fee_n 〈◊〉_d his_o obligement_n to_o grant_v the_o fee_n though_o never_o so_o express_v which_o relate_v but_o to_o a_o disposition_n de_fw-fr futuro_fw-la will_v not_o supply_v a_o charter_n though_o clede_n with_o 〈◊〉_d possession_n or_o have_v seasine_n by_o instrument_n bear_v to_o be_v propriis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d though_o by_o these_o the_o superior_a may_v be_v compel_v to_o grant_v charter_n 〈◊〉_d and_o complete_a bear_v express_o all_o the_o ordinar_n clause_n in_o such_o right_n yet_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d case_n adminiculation_n of_o a_o seasine_a will_v suffice_v as_o in_o the_o liferent_n of_o 〈◊〉_d be_v proportional_a or_o in_o very_o ancient_a right_n or_o where_o in_o competition_n no_o better_o right_o be_v show_v much_o less_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o have_v formal_a and_o ample_a charter_n in_o the_o best_a style_n upon_o parchment_n in_o latin_a seal_v and_o subscribe_v albeit_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o accept_v no_o other_o and_o the_o nottar_n drawer_n of_o such_o charter_n may_v be_v depose_v and_o censure_v yet_o the_o right_n will_v not_o be_v annul_v or_o postpone_v to_o posterior_n more_o formal_a and_o solemn_a right_n for_o want_v of_o these_o formality_n 15._o the_o formal_a tenor_n of_o charter_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o several_a kind_n on_o infeftment_n whereof_o some_o be_v original_a infeftment_n by_o which_o the_o fee_n be_v first_o constitute_v and_o therefore_o be_v most_o plain_a and_o simple_a contain_v the_o dispositive_a clauss_n relate_v or_o insinuate_v the_o title_n or_o original_n of_o the_o right_n if_o it_o be_v a_o original_a charter_n from_o the_o king_n it_o begin_v with_o his_o royal_a title_n carolus_n dei_fw-la gratia_n etc._n etc._n and_o bear_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o commissioner_n for_o the_o thesaury_n and_o bear_v a_o narrative_a of_o the_o motive_n induce_v the_o king_n to_o grant_v the_o same_o and_o if_o it_o be_v ward_n or_o blench_v in_o burgage_n or_o mortification_n it_o bear_v damus_fw-la concedimus_fw-la &_o in_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la confirmamus_fw-la but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o feu_fw-fr charter_n it_o bear_v arendamus_fw-la locamus_fw-la in_o emfeuteosin_n dimittimus_fw-la &_o in_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la confirmamus_fw-la and_o then_o follow_v the_o clause_n tenendas_fw-la and_o the_o clause_n reddendo_fw-la which_o if_o it_o be_v ward_n bear_v servitia_fw-la debita_fw-la if_o blench_v the_o particular_a blench_v duty_n nomine_fw-la albae_n firmae_fw-la if_o feu_n the_o particular_a feu_fw-fr duty_n and_o sometime_o the_o duplication_n thereof_o and_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o heir_n if_o burgage_n it_o bear_v servitia_fw-la burgalia_fw-la if_o in_o mortification_n it_o bear_v preces_fw-la &_o supplicationes_fw-la and_o ordinary_o warrandice_n which_o though_o very_o ample_a have_v no_o effect_n for_o if_o the_o right_n prove_v invalid_a there_o be_v no_o action_n against_o the_o king_n who_o do_v always_o dispone_n plenissimo_fw-la jure_fw-la but_o periculo_fw-la petentis_fw-la especial_o when_o he_o dispones_fw-la as_o supreme_a superior_a by_o the_o right_n of_o his_o crown_n but_o if_o he_o dispone_v for_o a_o price_n or_o cause_n onerous_a as_o for_o sum_n of_o money_n or_o by_o excambion_n land_n acquire_v by_o he_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o annex_v property_n in_o these_o utitur_fw-la jure_fw-la privato_fw-la and_o his_o warrandice_n may_v have_v effect_n as_o to_o his_o private_a patrimony_n and_o not_o as_o to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n charter_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o fee_n by_o progress_n be_v either_o upon_o resignation_n or_o by_o confirmation_n or_o upon_o apprize_v or_o adjudication_n which_o differ_v from_o original_a charter_n in_o their_o several_a specialty_n as_o chartersupon_o resignation_n after_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n bear_v the_o conveyance_n that_o the_o land_n or_o other_o be_v resign_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o commissioner_n by_o a_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n apart_o or_o in_o a_o disposition_n or_o contract_n express_v its_o date_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o acquirer_n his_o heir_n or_o assigney_n whereupon_o resignation_n be_v make_v in_o the_o resigner_n life_n the_o charter_n will_v be_v grant_v to_o he_o or_o to_o his_o heir_n serve_v general_o or_o to_o his_o assigney_n have_v right_o by_o assignation_n to_o the_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n charter_n of_o confirmation_n do_v deduce_v the_o right_a to_o be_v confirm_v which_o if_o it_o be_v a_o charter_n a_o se_fw-la bearing_z to_o be_v hold_v from_o the_o disponer_n of_o the_o king_n and_o express_v the_o tenendas_fw-la &_o reddendo_fw-la the_o king_n charter_n do_v in_o the_o like_a style_n general_o relate_v the_o charter_n to_o be_v confirm_v and_o then_o ratify_v confirm_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o head_n and_o article_n therein_o and_o
then_o subjoin_v the_o tenor_n and_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n these_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n whensoever_o grant_v be_v draw_v back_o to_o the_o date_n of_o the_o charter_n confirm_v which_o be_v absolute_o null_a till_o confirmation_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o medium_n impedimentum_fw-la as_o a_o prior_n infeftment_n by_o confirmation_n or_o upon_o resignation_n by_o the_o superior_a yea_o though_o the_o infeftment_n by_o confirmation_n be_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o charter_n to_o be_v confirm_v if_o the_o superior_a do_v confirm_v it_o be_v draw_v back_o and_o will_v import_v the_o superior_n pass_v from_o any_o casuality_n fall_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o author_n unless_o these_o be_v reserve_v wherein_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o king_n officer_n may_v not_o be_v impute_v in_o his_o prejudice_n albeit_o craig_n relate_v a_o case_n betwixt_o kirkaldie_n of_o grange_n and_o ker_n in_o the_o contrary_a l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 4._o and_o add_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o former_a vassal_n grant_a of_o the_o charter_n to_o be_v confirm_v die_v before_o confirmation_n it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o he_o die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v as_o of_o fee_n which_o the_o subsequent_a confirmation_n can_v make_v false_a yet_o this_o be_v fictione_n juris_fw-la these_o fiction_n may_v do_v much_o more_o than_o this_o change_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a then_o to_o confirm_v very_o old_a charter_n or_o disposition_n there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o charter_n grant_v by_o his_o vassal_n to_o their_o sub-vassal_n not_o to_o be_v hold_v a_o se_n of_o the_o king_n but_o de_fw-mi se_fw-mi of_o the_o disponer_n the_o effect_n of_o which_o confirmation_n be_v to_o secure_v the_o acquir_a against_o the_o forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n of_o his_o superior_a charter_n by_o the_o king_n upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n do_v either_o narrate_v the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n before_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n or_o otherways_o after_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n by_o the_o clause_n beginning_n quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la terrae_fw-la perprius_fw-la haereditarie_a pertinuerunt_fw-la ad_fw-la a._n b._n etc._n etc._n which_o clause_n be_v also_o next_o to_o the_o dispositive_a in_o charter_n upon_o resignation_n and_o do_v express_v the_o resignation_n make_v either_o personal_o by_o the_o vassal_n or_o more_o ordinary_o by_o his_o procuratory_n and_o then_o bear_v the_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n and_o the_o date_n thereof_o but_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n it_o bear_v that_o the_o land_n and_o other_o in_o the_o charter_n be_v apprise_v or_o adjudge_v from_o the_o former_a vassal_n or_o his_o apparent_a heir_n lawful_o charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n in_o special_a and_o express_v the_o date_n of_o the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n and_o the_o sum_n thereincontained_n and_o bear_v in_o the_o reddendo_fw-la the_o duty_n and_o service_n due_a and_o accustom_a before_o the_o say_v apprize_a or_o adjudication_n the_o king_n charter_n bear_v as_o witness_n several_a officer_n of_o state_n and_o director_n of_o the_o chanclery_n the_o king_n charter_n must_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n upon_o a_o signature_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n or_o by_o his_o thesaurer_n or_o commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n and_o a_o quorum_n of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o signature_n be_v record_v in_o the_o book_n of_o exchequer_n and_o then_o pass_v under_o the_o signet_n and_o then_o under_o the_o privy_a seal_n who_o warrant_n be_v the_o signature_n and_o last_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n charter_n by_o subject_n in_o most_o thing_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n charter_n but_o differ_v in_o these_o point_n that_o they_o begin_v not_o with_o their_o title_n but_o thus_o omnibus_fw-la hanc_fw-la cartam_fw-la visuris_fw-la vel_fw-la audituris_fw-la and_o then_o follow_v the_o superior_n title_n or_o designation_n and_o in_o original_a charter_n the_o special_a cause_n be_v narrate_v as_o for_o implement_n of_o a_o certain_a contract_n disposition_n or_o obligation_n in_o they_o also_o the_o warrandice_n be_v more_o particular_o express_v because_o it_o be_v effectual_a according_a to_o its_o tenor._n in_o the_o charter_n grant_v by_o subject_n the_o precept_n of_o seasine_n be_v ordinary_o ingross_v and_o now_o by_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n 1672._o cap._n seven_o precept_n of_o seasine_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o king_n charter_n which_o before_o can_v only_o pass_v by_o a_o write_v under_o the_o quarter_n seal_n or_o testimony_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n in_o all_o charter_n both_o by_o king_n and_o subject_n the_o clause_n tenendas_fw-la use_v to_o be_v insert_v express_v the_o land_n or_o other_o by_o their_o ordinary_a designation_n and_o then_o add_v per_fw-la omnes_fw-la 〈◊〉_d metas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la &_o divisas_fw-la pro_fw-la ut_fw-la jacent_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d &_o latitudine_fw-la cumdomibus_fw-la aedificiis_fw-la boscis_fw-la planis_fw-la moris_fw-la maresiis_fw-la viis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d aquis_fw-la rivolis_fw-la stagnis_fw-la pratis_fw-la pascuis_fw-la &_o pasturis_fw-la molendinis_fw-la &_o multuris_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la sequelis_fw-la aucupationibus_fw-la venationibus_fw-la piscationibus_fw-la petariis_fw-la turbariis_fw-la cuniculis_fw-la cuniculariis_fw-la columbis_fw-la columbariis_fw-la hortis_fw-la pomariis_fw-la fabrilibus_fw-la brasinis_fw-la &_o brueriis_fw-la genestis_fw-la sylvis_fw-la nemoribus_fw-la &_o virgultis_fw-la lignis_fw-la lapicidiis_fw-la lapide_fw-la &_o calce_fw-la cum_fw-la curiis_fw-la &_o earum_fw-la exitibus_fw-la herezeldis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o mulierum_fw-la merchetis_fw-la libero_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o exitu_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la commoditatibus_fw-la proficuis_fw-la astamentis_fw-la ac_fw-la justis_fw-la suis_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la tam_fw-la non_fw-la nominatis_fw-la quam_fw-la nominatis_fw-la tam_fw-la subtus_fw-la quam_fw-la supra_fw-la terram_fw-la procul_fw-la &_o prope_fw-la ad_fw-la praedictas_fw-la terras_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la seu_fw-la spectare_fw-la valentibus_fw-la quomodolibet_fw-la in_o futurum_fw-la libere_fw-la plenary_a quiet_a integre_n honorifice_fw-la sine_fw-la aliquo_fw-la impedimento_fw-la revocatione_n contradictione_n aut_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la qualicunque_fw-la in_o the_o charter_n by_o the_o king_n or_o subject_n there_o may_v and_o use_v to_o be_v insert_v a_o clause_n the_o novo-damus_a which_o do_v dispone_n the_o fee_n as_o by_o a_o original_a right_n in_o case_n the_o disponer_n right_o shall_v be_v find_v defective_a and_o to_o secure_v against_o any_o title_n proper_a to_o the_o superior_a either_o as_o to_o the_o property_n or_o any_o servitude_n or_o casuality_n which_o clause_n use_v to_o be_v very_o full_a and_o to_o express_v all_o nullity_n title_n or_o interest_n in_o the_o superior_a with_o supply_n of_o all_o defect_n and_o bear_v all_o the_o particular_a casualty_n with_o which_o the_o fee_n may_v be_v burden_v which_o be_v effectual_a and_o extend_v to_o the_o full_a against_o subject_n but_o as_o to_o such_o clause_n in_o the_o king_n charter_n they_o be_v full_o extend_v as_o to_o all_o interest_n in_o the_o king_n relate_v to_o the_o property_n such_o as_o nullity_n forefaulture_n recognition_n purpresture_n disclamation_n but_o the_o general_a word_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la titulo_fw-la &_o interest_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o the_o king_n to_o any_o casuality_n of_o superiority_n not_o reach_v but_o burden_v the_o property_n except_o such_o only_a as_o be_v particular_o express_v and_o therefore_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la in_o a_o bishop_n charter_n from_o the_o king_n dispone_v a_o patronage_n pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la be_v find_v to_o give_v the_o bishop_n successor_n right_a to_o that_o patronage_n though_o it_o be_v a_o like_fw-mi patronage_n without_o necessity_n to_o instruct_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v any_o pretence_n of_o a_o title_n thereto_o before_o but_o that_o the_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la be_v as_o effectual_a as_o a_o original_a right_n february_n 19_o 1680._o sir_n john_n scot_n of_o ancrum_n contra_fw-la archbishop_n of_o glasgow_n but_o a_o novo_fw-la damus_fw-la by_o the_o king_n bearing_z pro_fw-la omni_fw-la jure_fw-la titulo_fw-la &_o interest_n and_o express_v ward_n find_v not_o to_o exclude_v the_o king_n donator_n from_o the_o marriage_n as_o be_v a_o casuality_n differ_v from_o the_o ward_n which_o use_v to_o pass_v by_o a_o several_a gift_n 17._o day_n of_o july_n 1672._o lord_n hatton_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o northesk_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a extension_n of_o the_o clause_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la damus_fw-la as_o to_o the_o king_n and_o subject_n be_v because_o subject_n be_v presume_v to_o take_v special_a notice_n of_o all_o clause_n that_o they_o insert_v in_o their_o charter_n which_o in_o dubio_fw-la be_v interpret_v contra_fw-la proferentem_fw-la but_o these_o clause_n do_v more_o easy_o pass_v by_o inadvertence_n in_o exchequer_n and_o therefore_o their_o gift_n be_v more_o regulat_fw-la by_o their_o act_n then_o by_o the_o common_a style_n thereof_o for_o though_o gift_n of_o ward_n comprehend_v nonentry_n ay_o and_o while_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o righteous_a
in_o the_o superior_n hand_n but_o if_o within_o the_o half_a they_o be_v not_o null_a as_o to_o the_o vassal_n but_o be_v null_a as_o to_o the_o superior_a and_o exclude_v he_o from_o no_o casualty_n of_o his_o superiority_n as_o ward_n etc._n etc._n but_o as_o the_o half_n may_v be_v sub-sett_a so_o any_o other_o right_o less_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o half_a be_v sustain_v as_o a_o infeftment_n of_o warrandice_n march_v 6._o 1611._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la campbel_n the_o like_a hold_n of_o infeftment_n of_o liferent_a but_o if_o the_o disposition_n or_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n appearand_a heir_n in_o linea_fw-la recta_fw-la it_o infer_v not_o recognition_n be-because_a the_o superior_a be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o change_n of_o his_o vassal_n but_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o a_o disposition_n and_o infeftment_n to_o the_o vassal_n brother_n though_o his_o appearand_a heir_n for_o the_o time_n see_v there_o remain_v hope_n of_o issue_n in_o the_o disponer_n and_o so_o his_o brother_n be_v not_o alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la spot_n recognition_n advocate_n and_o his_o son_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o cassils_n and_o collane_n feus_n of_o ward-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n ward-vassal_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o be_v find_v not_o only_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o ward-liferent-escheat_n or_o recognition_n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n but_o also_o that_o the_o sub-vassal_n feu_n do_v not_o fall_v by_o his_o superior_a the_o king_n vassal_n forefaulture_n because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_v a_o confirmation_n of_o such_o feus_n which_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n be_v exclude_v and_o by_o a_o confirmation_n in_o exchequer_n forefaulture_n will_v be_v exclude_v without_o question_n even_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o and_o therefore_o the_o ratification_n and_o approbation_n of_o feus_n by_o the_o act_n 1457._o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n must_v also_o secure_v against_o forefaulture_n of_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o feu_n as_o be_v find_v february_n 12._o 1674._o and_o january_n 23._o 1680._o marquess_z of_o huntly_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o cairnborrow_n who_o feu_n be_v grant_v after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n 1606._o be_v sustain_v against_o a_o donatar_n of_o his_o superior_n forefaulture_n the_o like_a though_o the_o feu_n be_v renew_v upon_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la not_o be_v ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la november_n 16._o 1680._o campbel_n of_o silver-craigs_a contra_fw-la laird_n of_o achinbreck_n and_o earl_n of_o argyle_n 33._o infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi be_v such_o who_o reddendo_fw-la be_v a_o small_a elusory_a rent_n as_o be_v rather_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o then_o prosite_a to_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o ordinary_o it_o bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la as_o a_o rose_n penny_n money_n or_o the_o like_a and_o these_o be_v not_o count_v blensh_o right_n unless_o they_o bear_v in_o name_n of_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n or_o if_o they_o bear_v not_o si_fw-la petatur_fw-la or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o yearly_a growth_n or_o service_n it_o be_v not_o due_a and_o may_v not_o be_v demand_v at_o any_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v demand_v within_o the_o year_n at_o the_o term_n as_o a_o stone_n of_o wax_n or_o a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n february_n 16._o 1627._o lord_n semple_n contra_fw-la blair_n where_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v to_o have_v be_v before_o june_n 18._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la galloway_n the_o like_a find_v where_o the_o reddendo_fw-la bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la june_n 15._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la terson_n so_o blensh_o duty_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v declare_v only_o due_a if_o they_o be_v ask_v yearly_o and_o no_o price_n can_v be_v put_v thereupon_o by_o the_o exchequer_n parliament_n 1606._o cap._n 14._o yet_o see_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o neglect_n of_o his_o officer_n who_o ought_v yearly_a to_o call_v for_o his_o blensh_fw-mi duty_n whereof_o many_o be_v considerable_a therefore_o the_o exchequer_n continue_v to_o exact_v the_o king_n blensh_fw-mi duty_n though_o not_o demand_v within_o the_o year_n there_o be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exclude_v all_o liquidation_n of_o blensh_a duty_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o therefore_o shall_v be_v so_o exact_v though_o not_o within_o the_o year_n unless_o the_o vassal_n voluntary_o offer_v a_o price_n in_o these_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n there_o be_v no_o ward_n and_o marriage_n befalling_a to_o the_o superior_a in_o which_o it_o differ_v main_o from_o ward_n 34._o infeftment_n feu_n be_v like_a to_o the_o emphyteosis_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o location_n have_v in_o it_o a_o pension_n as_o the_o hire_n with_o a_o condition_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n for_o such_o be_v common_o grant_v of_o barren_a ground_n and_o therefore_o it_o retain_v still_o that_o name_n also_o and_o be_v account_v and_o call_v a_o assidation_n or_o location_n in_o our_o law_n but_o because_o such_o can_v be_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a all_o rental_n and_o tack_n necessary_o require_v a_o ish_n therefore_o these_o feu-holdings_a partake_v both_o of_o infeftment_n as_o pass_v by_o seize_v to_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o of_o location_n as_o have_v a_o pension_n or_o rent_n for_o their_o reddendo_fw-la and_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v perpetual_a for_o the_o increase_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n 35._o in_o what_o case_n feus_n be_v allow_v of_o ward-land_n have_v be_v now_o show_v in_o other_o case_n they_o be_v ordinary_o allow_v where_o they_o be_v not_o prohibit_v so_o we_o shall_v only_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o case_n wherein_o they_o be_v prohibit_v and_o void_a and_o that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o can_v be_v set_v feu_n by_o the_o king_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n by_o their_o act_n of_o dissolution_n bear_v great_a see_v and_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o sentence_n and_o decreet_a of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n but_o ratification_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n in_o parliament_n without_o report_n from_o the_o article_n will_v not_o supply_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n or_o validat_fw-la infeftment_n thereof_o even_o though_o the_o ratification_n bear_v a_o dissolution_n upon_o which_o ground_n the_o earl_n of_o mortoun_n right_o to_o the_o earldom_n of_o orkney_n be_v reduce_v february_n 25._o 1670._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o mortoun_n neither_o can_v the_o annex_v property_n be_v dispone_v by_o the_o king_n but_o only_o in_o feu_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1597._o cap._n 234._o and_o all_o infeftment_n tack_n pension_n gift_n discharge_v grant_v before_o lawful_a dissolution_n in_o parliament_n or_o after_o dissolution_n yet_o contrary_a to_o any_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o same_o be_v declare_v null_n of_o the_o law_n by_o action_n or_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o to_o by_o gone_n as_o in_o time_n come_v par._n 1597._o cap._n 236._o par._n 1455._o cap._n 41._o which_o be_v confirm_v and_o extend_v to_o feus_n not_o only_o to_o be_v grant_v of_o land_n but_o to_o feus_n grant_v of_o the_o feu-ferm-duty_n which_o be_v a_o device_n invent_v to_o elude_v the_o law_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 239._o 36._o second_o feus_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v set_v with_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a the_o feu-duty_n not_o be_v within_o the_o new_a retoured_a duty_n par_n 1584._o cap._n 6._o and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v whether_o the_o rental_a be_v diminish_v or_o not_o before_o they_o pass_v the_o seal_n they_o must_v be_v present_v to_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o comptroller_n and_o registrate_n in_o his_o register_n and_o the_o signature_n subscribe_v by_o he_o otherways_o they_o be_v null_a par._n 1592._o cap._n 127._o and_o such_o feus_n set_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o comptroller_n by_o his_o subscription_n registrat_n in_o his_o register_n be_v again_o declare_v null_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 171._o the_o comptroller_n office_n have_v be_v of_o a_o long_a time_n adjoin_v to_o and_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n with_o the_o thesaurers_n office_n or_o commission_n of_o the_o thesaury_n what_o land_n and_o other_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v thereanent_a consist_v main_o of_o forefaulted_a estate_n and_o kirklands_n after_o the_o abolish_n of_o the_o popish_a clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v most_o part_n mortify_v by_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n therefore_o the_o intent_n of_o their_o grant_v cease_v by_o
the_o abolish_n of_o popery_n they_o return_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n of_o the_o temporality_n of_o benefice_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 29._o bear_n and_o therefore_o benefice_n of_o laic_a patronage_n as_o have_v proceed_v from_o these_o patron_n be_v except_v by_o the_o say_a act_n and_o though_o after_o the_o restitution_n of_o bishop_n and_o their_o chapter_n the_o act_n of_o annexation_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v their_o land_n be_v rescind_v par._n 1606._o cap._n 6._o yet_o bishop_n be_v abolish_v par._n 1640._o cap._n 6._o their_o land_n be_v again_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n par._n 1649._o cap._n whereby_o all_o erection_n of_o kirk-land_n in_o temporal_a barony_n or_o lordship_n by_o which_o the_o king_n interpose_v any_o person_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o these_o who_o be_v former_o vassal_n of_o kirkman_n be_v prohibit_v and_o declare_v null_n this_o act_n be_v rescind_v in_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a 1661._o cap._n 15._o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v grant_v in_o ward_n or_o blensh_o except_o upon_o excambion_n for_o as_o good_a land_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 234._o 37._o feus_n of_o kirk_n land_n by_o prelate_n or_o other_o benefice_a person_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n with_o all_o requisite_a solemnity_n be_v esteem_v legal_a security_n without_o any_o particular_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n there_o be_v no_o statute_n nor_o constitution_n oblige_v the_o subject_n thereto_o and_o in_o case_n any_o confirmation_n have_v be_v requisite_a the_o consent_n of_o the_o prince_n under_o his_o proper_a seal_n and_o subscription_n be_v sufficient_a par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o yet_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n authority_n be_v interpose_v to_o all_o feus_n of_o kirk-land_n therefore_o all_o feus_n not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n before_o the_o 8._o of_o march_n 1558._o or_o be_v thereafter_o not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o exception_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 7._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o march_n 1558._o the_o reformation_n of_o religion_n begin_v to_o be_v public_o profess_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o benefice_a person_n become_v hopeless_a to_o preserve_v their_o right_n of_o their_o kirk_n land_n and_o therefore_o endeavour_v to_o dilapidat_fw-la the_o same_o but_o this_o be_v find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o a_o infeftment_n of_o a_o office_n as_o the_o office_n of_o forrestrie_n though_o it_o have_v land_n annex_v thereto_o and_o a_o threave_n of_o corn_n out_o of_o every_o husband_n land_n of_o the_o abbacy_n see_v the_o statute_n mention_v only_a feus_n of_o land_n and_o this_o be_v but_o like_o a_o thirlage_n 20._o of_o january_n 1666._o lord_n renton_n contra_fw-la fever_n of_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v also_o declare_v in_o the_o 7._o act_n par._n 1594._o that_o the_o old_a possessor_n be_v to_o have_v their_o confirmation_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o quadruple_a of_o their_o silver_n rend_v or_o the_o double_a of_o their_o ferm_n provide_v they_o seek_v the_o same_o within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o that_o act_n otherways_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o eight_o fold_n of_o the_o silver_n rend_v and_o the_o triple_a of_o the_o ferm_n and_o the_o king_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v to_o grant_v confirmation_n to_o the_o old_a possessor_n upon_o these_o term_n and_o be_v so_o confirm_v the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v question_v upon_o aleadge_v dimunition_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o conversion_n in_o money_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o nullity_n invalidity_n or_o lesion_n or_o by_o any_o law_n canon_n or_o statute_n except_o improbation_n only_o and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o posterior_n feus_n shall_v not_o perjudge_v the_o anterior_a feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n and_o their_o convent_v with_o their_o common_a seal_n and_o subscription_n at_o any_o time_n be_v grant_v with_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n predecessor_n under_o their_o privy_a seal_n though_o without_o far_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reformation_n most_o of_o the_o evident_n of_o kirk_n land_n be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a possessor_n be_v presume_v by_o their_o very_a possession_n to_o have_v right_o and_o for_o clear_v who_o be_v the_o ancient_a possessor_n and_o what_o be_v kirk_n land_n it_o be_v declare_v by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 16._o of_o december_n 1612._o that_o ten_o year_n possossion_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o thirty_o year_n possession_n thereafter_o but_o interruption_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o stand_v for_o a_o right_n of_o kirk-land_n the_o same_o be_v possess_v as_o such_o and_o feu_n duty_n be_v pay_v to_o kirkman_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o to_o the_o king_n or_o other_o have_v right_o from_o they_o after_o the_o reformation_n therefore_o it_o be_v so_o decide_v 5._o of_o july_n 1626._o laird_n of_o kerse_n contra_fw-la minister_n of_o alva_n though_o much_o strong_a probation_n of_o be_v part_n of_o a_o temporal_a barronie_n for_o long_a time_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o contrary_a hope_n earl_n of_o home_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o balcleugh_n spot_n kirkman_n mr._n john_n hamiltone_n minister_n at_o linton_n contra_fw-la john_n tweedie_n second_o feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n be_v null_a except_o they_o be_v expede_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n or_o convent_v par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o three_o feus_n grant_v by_o the_o benefice_a person_n as_o of_o themselves_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a see_v the_o property_n thereof_o be_v mortify_v to_o the_o kirk_n and_o the_o incumbent_n be_v but_o as_o liferenter_n administrator_n and_o tutor_n it_o be_v also_o express_o declare_v and_o statute_n that_o any_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o change_v of_o victual_n for_o money_n or_o any_o other_o disposition_n make_v the_o benefice_n in_o a_o worse_a estate_n then_o at_o the_o kirk-mens_n entry_n shall_v be_v null_a par._n 1585._o cap._n 11._o 38._o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o burgh_n by_o the_o king_n as_o the_o common_a land_n or_o other_o right_n of_o the_o incorporation_n and_o that_o for_o burgal_o service_n in_o watch_v and_o ward_n within_o their_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n these_o can_v have_v no_o casualty_n because_o incorporation_n die_v not_o and_o so_o their_o land_n can_v never_o fall_v in_o ward_n or_o in_o nonentrie_n these_o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o incorporation_n immediate_o of_o the_o king_n for_o burgal_n service_n watch_v and_o ward_n within_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o particular_a person_n infeft_v be_v the_o king_n immediate_a vassal_n and_o the_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n be_v the_o king_n baily_n and_o to_o the_o effect_n that_o such_o infeftment_n may_v be_v know_v it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o seasine_n of_o burgage_n land_n shall_v only_o be_v give_v by_o the_o bailzie_n and_o common_a clerk_n thereof_o otherways_o the_o famine_n be_v declare_v null_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v give_v the_o rise_n to_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n anent_o registration_n of_o seasin_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o seasin_n within_o burgh_n par._n 1567._o cap._n 27._o 39_o infeftment_n of_o mortisied_a land_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o kirk_n or_o other_o incorporation_n have_v no_o other_o reddendo_fw-la than_o prayer_n and_o supplication_n and_o the_o like_a such_o be_v the_o mortification_n of_o the_o kirk-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o kirk-man_n or_o grant_v by_o other_o private_a man_n to_o the_o provost_n and_o prebendar_n of_o college_n kirk_n found_v for_o sing_v or_o to_o chaplain_n preceptor_n or_o alterage_n in_o which_o the_o patronage_n remain_v in_o the_o mortifier_n 40._o of_o all_o these_o mortification_n there_o remain_v nothing_o now_o except_o the_o benefice_n of_o bishop_n dean_n and_o chapter_n and_o the_o manse_v and_o gleibs_n of_o minister_n which_o be_v rather_o allodial_a than_o feudal_n have_v no_o hold_v reddendo_fw-la or_o renovatione_fw-la yet_o be_v esteem_v as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o mortification_n and_o therefore_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o incumbent_n by_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n manse_v and_o gleibs_n do_v belong_v to_o parson_n viccar_n and_o other_o kirk-man_n before_o the_o reformation_n after_o which_o they_o be_v prohibit_v to_o set_v the_o same_o feu_fw-fr or_o in_o long_o tack_v without_o the_o royal_a assent_n and_o the_o minister_n be_v ordain_v to_o have_v the_o principal_a manse_n of_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n or_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v find_v sufficient_a whither_o
custom_n rule_v ordinary_o according_a to_o the_o feudal-book_n the_o doubt_n remain_v which_o may_v be_v clear_v thus_o first_o though_o in_o some_o case_n alienation_n be_v extend_v to_o location_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o by_o the_o common_a feudal_a custom_n second_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v a_o real_a feu-ferm_a whereby_o the_o feu-duty_n be_v considerable_a and_o competent_a to_o entertain_v the_o vassal_n such_o subfeudation_a be_v thereby_o account_v only_a lacation_n nor_o do_v it_o infer_v recognition_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o than_o a_o perpetual_a location_n whereby_o the_o antinomy_n in_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v sufficient_o reconcile_v that_o such_o sub-feudations_a be_v not_o alienation_n but_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v ward_n blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n or_o though_o it_o be_v under_o the_o name_n of_o emphyteosis_n yet_o for_o a_o elusory_a or_o a_o inconsiderable_a and_o unproportionable_a feu-duty_n which_o by_o no_o estimation_n can_v be_v correspodent_a to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o within_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a worth_n in_o these_o case_n the_o subfeudation_a be_v alienation_n infer_v recognition_n 14._o as_o to_o our_o own_o custom_n in_o this_o point_n they_o do_v agree_v to_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n as_o to_o subaltern_n infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi ward_n or_o in_o mortification_n or_o elusory_a or_o unprofitable_a feus_n but_o as_o to_o feve_n by_o which_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o ward_n or_o fee_n be_v not_o take_v away_o though_o such_o case_n have_v not_o occur_v to_o be_v controvert_v they_o seem_v not_o to_o infer_v recognition_n for_o if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v subaltern_n infeudation_n though_o blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n infer_v not_o recognition_n when_o these_o right_n be_v disjunctim_fw-la of_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n there_o appear_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o subfeudation_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o a_o feu-duty_n equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a rent_n whereby_o in_o effect_n the_o half_a be_v not_o alienate_v see_v the_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la of_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o half_a be_v retain_v shall_v infer_v recognition_n especial_o now_o when_o general_o fee_n be_v grant_v for_o cause_n onerous_a 15._o and_o by_o the_o statute_n allow_v feve_n par._n 1457._o cap._n 72._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o feu_fw-fr be_v set_v to_o a_o competent_a avail_n which_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v clear_v to_o be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a and_o which_o be_v common_o interpret_v the_o retoure_n duty_n because_o it_o be_v the_o public_a valuation_n and_o rate_n at_o that_o time_n and_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n such_o feve_n be_v confirm_v and_o declare_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o ward_n without_o mention_n of_o the_o hazard_n of_o recognition_n as_o not_o be_v consequent_a upon_o such_o feve_n but_o this_o statute_n be_v abrogate_v as_o to_o the_o liege_n par._n 18._o ja._n 6._o cap._n 12._o all_o sub-feves_a of_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o subject_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n be_v declare_v null_n and_o void_a but_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o recognition_n to_o be_v incur_v thereby_o and_o feve_n be_v only_o prohibit_v as_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o over-lord_n who_o be_v not_o prejudge_v if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v see_v all_o subaltern_n infeftment_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a be_v allow_v by_o law_n and_o albeit_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n respect_n feve_v precede_v it_o yet_o the_o statutory_a part_n be_v only_o as_o to_o feve_v grant_v thereafter_o and_o the_o like_a prohibition_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n vassal_n par._n 1633._o cap._n 16._o the_o effect_n of_o this_o act_n as_o to_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o next_o meeting_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o vassal_n exempt_v therefrom_o in_o the_o interim_n par._n 1640._o cap._n 36._o and_o the_o say_a act_n be_v whole_o repeal_v par._n 1641._o cap._n 58._o and_o so_o remain_v until_o all_o these_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v see_v the_o private_a right_n of_o party_n acquire_v thereby_o by_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o but_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o alienation_n during_o these_o act_n now_o rescind_v and_o during_o the_o usurpation_n when_o ward_n be_v discharge_v do_v infer_v recognition_n see_v the_o vassal_n do_v not_o seek_v confirmation_n after_o the_o king_n return_n december_n 15._o 1669._o maitland_n of_o pittrichy_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o gight_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o the_o recognition_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o sir_n george_n kinard_n contra_fw-la the_o vassal_n of_o the_o lord_n grace_n the_o like_a though_o the_o base_a infeftment_n infer_v recognitien_n be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o when_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n then_o stand_v allow_v such_o infeftment_n see_v after_o rescind_v that_o statute_n no_o application_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n for_o confirmation_n january_n 7._o 1676._o cockburn_n of_o riselaw_n conira_fw-la cockburn_n of_o chouslie_o but_o recognition_n be_v exclude_v where_o the_o vassal_n require_v the_o superior_a to_o confirm_v the_o subaltern_a right_n debito_fw-la tempore_fw-la or_o do_v purge_v the_o same_o by_o procure_v resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la to_o himself_o from_o the_o sub-vassal_n february_n 12._o 1674._o viscount_n of_o kilsyth_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n of_o bardowie_a but_o recognition_n be_v not_o find_v against_o a_o pupil_n upon_o his_o tutor_n take_v infeftment_n for_o he_o during_o the_o usurpation_n july_n 15._o 1669._o jack_n contra_fw-la jack_n whereby_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o feve_n have_v no_o effect_n against_o the_o superior_a as_o to_o the_o ward_n nonentry_n more_o than_o tack_n 16._o whether_o the_o alienation_n be_v by_o infeftment_n hold_v from_o or_o of_o the_o vassal_n there_o be_v no_o recognition_n with_o we_o except_o in_o ward-holdings_a yea_o if_o the_o hold_v be_v dubious_a and_o soa_o probable_a ground_n of_o error_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o be_v a_o payment_n of_o money_n in_o the_o reddendo_fw-la with_o service_n use_v and_o wont_a which_o though_o true_o ward_n yet_o because_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n may_v render_v it_o dubious_a craig_n hold_v in_o the_o say_v dieg._n l._n 3._o that_o it_o will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o give_v ground_n to_o think_v that_o alienation_n of_o land_n taxt-ward_n will_v excuse_v from_o recognition_n because_o ward_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o express_v nominatim_fw-la in_o that_o case_n in_o itself_o for_o the_o casualty_n thereof_o be_v tax_v as_o the_o marriage_n and_o ward-duty_n which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v but_o a_o liquidation_n or_o location_n of_o these_o casualty_n when_o they_o occur_v and_o no_o alteration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o lady_n carnagie_n contra_fw-la the_o lord_n cranburn_n it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o recognition_n that_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v 17._o it_o be_v also_o clear_a that_o alienation_n whether_o by_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o or_o from_o the_o vassal_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n infer_v not_o recognition_n so_o much_o be_v indulge_v to_o the_o vassal_n for_o his_o conveniency_n or_o necessity_n but_o if_o together_o or_o by_o parcel_n or_o by_o annualrent_a the_o major_a part_n be_v alienat_fw-la not_o only_o that_o which_o then_o be_v in_o the_o vassal_n person_n fall_v under_o recognition_n but_o as_o craig_n hold_v in_o the_o forecited_a place_n dieg._n 3._o l._n 3._o even_o the_o whole_a fee_n so_o that_o parcel_n alienat_fw-la valid_o but_o without_o the_o superior_n consent_v before_o become_v void_a and_o return_v but_o though_o the_o vassal_n grant_v infeftment_n exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n yet_o if_o some_o of_o they_o be_v extinct_a before_o other_o be_v grant_v so_o that_o there_o be_v at_o no_o time_n right_n stand_v together_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o see_v recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v february_n 23._o 1681._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o muirie_n but_o deed_n do_v by_o predecessor_n and_o their_o heir_n or_o author_n and_o their_o successor_n be_v in_o that_o case_n conjoin_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o infeftment_n of_o the_o see_v in_o liferent_a will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n because_o it_o exceed_v not_o the_o half_a of_o the_o value_n yea_o recognition_n be_v find_v not_o incur_v by_o grant_v a_o infeftment_n in_o warrandice_n for_o warrandice_n be_v but_o a_o hazard_n in_o case_n of_o eviction_n not_o equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n grant_v in_o warrandice_n unless_o the_o right_n of_o the_o principal_a land_n be_v manifeft_o defective_a feb._n 21._o 1623._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la
it_o do_v so_o much_o appear_v that_o the_o parliament_n of_o purpose_n have_v omit_v it_o yet_o in_o the_o say_a case_n greirson_n contra_fw-la closburn_n upon_o the_o 21._o of_o july_n 1636._o they_o do_v forbear_v to_o intimate_v their_o decision_n and_o desire_v the_o party_n to_o agree_v and_o no_o composition_n be_v find_v due_a by_o a_o adjudger_n have_v charge_v before_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n december_n 23._o 1669._o whereby_o like_o composition_n be_v appoint_v for_o adjudication_n as_o for_o apprize_a july_n 10._o 1671._o scot_n of_o thirlestain_n contra_fw-la lord_n drumlanrig_v in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o superior_a may_v refuse_v to_o enter_v the_o adjudger_n if_o he_o pay_v his_o debt_n but_o that_o he_o be_v to_o have_v nothing_o for_o composition_n if_o he_o do_v so_o in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o in_o apprize_a by_o the_o old_a act_n of_o par._n 1469._o cap._n 36._o by_o which_o that_o option_n be_v give_v to_o the_o superior_a 49._o craig_n observe_v that_o it_o be_v doubtful_a in_o his_o time_n whether_o there_o be_v a_o legal_a reversion_n competent_a to_o any_o renunce_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o redeem_v adjudication_n or_o appryzing_n wherein_o he_o favour_v the_o affirmative_a but_o the_o say_a statute_n par._n 1621._o cap._n 7._o determine_v the_o case_n and_o grant_v a_o legal_a reversion_n in_o favour_n of_o these_o who_o have_v posterior_n adjudication_n within_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n or_o ten_o year_n since_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1661._o betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n which_o be_v also_o competent_a to_o any_o renunce_n in_o their_o minority_n and_o be_v restore_v against_o the_o say_a renunciation_n but_o it_o be_v not_o competent_a to_o any_o other_o heir_n renunce_v yet_o if_o the_o heir_n though_o major_a find_v that_o he_o have_v prejudge_v himself_o by_o renunce_v a_o profitable_a heritage_n he_o may_v grant_v a_o bond_n and_o thereupon_o cause_n within_o the_o legal_a adjudge_v and_o redeem_v the_o former_a adjudication_n which_o though_o to_o his_o own_o behoof_n will_v be_v effectual_a there_o be_v so_o much_o equity_n and_o favour_n upon_o his_o part_n be_v willing_a to_o satisfy_v the_o whole_a debt_n 50._o it_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o land_n or_o heretage_n of_o a_o defunct_a may_v be_v adjudge_v the_o heir_n renunce_v not_o only_o for_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o defunct_n debt_n but_o of_o the_o heir_n own_o proper_a debt_n 51._o adjudication_n be_v take_v off_o and_o extinguish_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o appryzing_n be_v by_o intromet_v with_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o land_n adjudge_v as_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o though_o case_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a in_o adjudication_n as_o in_o appryzing_n to_o clear_a the_o other_o way_n of_o their_o extinction_n yet_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o determination_n will_v also_o be_v the_o same_o 52._o the_o other_o manner_n of_o adjudication_n be_v for_o make_v effectual_a disposition_n or_o obliegement_n to_o infeft_n whereupon_o when_o the_o acquirer_n have_v use_v all_o diligence_n competent_a in_o law_n against_o the_o disponer_n to_o fulfil_v the_o same_o by_o obtain_v decreet_n and_o horning_n registrat_n thereupon_o either_o against_o the_o disponer_n or_o his_o heir_n law_n be_v there_o defective_a and_o can_v make_v the_o disposition_n or_o obligement_n effectual_a the_o lord_n have_v allow_v adjudication_n of_o the_o land_n dispone_v whether_o in_o fee_n or_o liferent_a july_n 19_o 1611._o lord_n johnstoun_n contra_fw-la lord_n carmichael_n spot_n hic_fw-la contra_fw-la bruce_n of_o airth_n and_o thereupon_o the_o superior_a will_v be_v discern_v to_o receive_v the_o adjudger_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o obligement_n to_o infeft_a a_o woman_n in_o liferent_a hold_v of_o the_o superior_a wherein_o she_o have_v use_v horning_n the_o superior_a be_v decern_v to_o receive_v she_o july_n 10._o 1628._o harris_n and_o cunningham_n contra_fw-la lindsay_n feb._n 24._o 1675._o marion_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la mr_n william_n chief_o the_o like_a in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o heritable_a disposition_n whereupon_o the_o acquir_a have_v obtain_v decreeet_a against_o the_o disponers_n heir_n for_o infeft_v he_o and_o use_v horning_n thereupon_o the_o director_n of_o the_o chancelary_a be_v decern_v to_o infeft_a the_o acquir_a decemb_v 16_o 1657_o ross_z contra_fw-la laird_n of_o may._n this_o manner_n of_o adjudication_n be_v extend_v no_o further_a than_o to_o the_o thing_n dispone_v and_o have_v no_o reversion_n it_o require_v no_o charge_n to_o enter_v heir_n or_o renunciation_n but_o the_o adjudger_n must_v instruct_v his_o author_n right_a june_n 24._o 1669._o mr._n dowgal_n contra_fw-la glenurchie_n these_o adjudication_n do_v not_o come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la with_o other_o adjudication_n within_o the_o year_n nor_o any_o other_o with_o they_o july_n 16._o 1675._o campbel_n of_o riddoch_n contra_fw-la stuart_n of_o ardvorlick_n decemb._n 2._o 1676._o lady_n frazer_n contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o the_o lord_n frazer_n and_o lady_n marr._n 53._o by_o the_o late_a act_n of_o pauliament_n anent_o adjudication_n there_o be_v introduce_v two_o new_a form_n of_o adjudication_n the_o one_o special_a of_o land_n effeirand_a to_o the_o sum_n and_o a_o five_o part_v more_o in_o case_n the_o debtor_n produce_v his_o right_n and_o put_v the_o adjudger_n in_o his_o possession_n of_o his_o particular_a land_n adjudge_v but_o if_o he_o do_v not_o adjudication_n be_v to_o proceed_v as_o appryzing_n do_v general_o of_o all_o the_o debtor_n land_n or_o real_a right_n periculo_fw-la petentis_fw-la redeemable_a within_o ten_o year_n these_o adjudication_n be_v come_v in_o place_n of_o appryzing_n especial_o the_o general_a adjudication_n which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n in_o all_o point_n as_o appryzing_n be_v by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1661._o cap._n 62._o except_o as_o to_o the_o lengthen_v of_o a_o reversion_n from_o seven_o to_o ten_o year_n so_o that_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o appryzing_n will_v have_v the_o same_o effect_n as_o to_o general_a adjudication_n but_o special_a adjudication_n be_v equitable_a and_o favourable_a will_v not_o meet_v with_o such_o strictness_n this_o statute_n have_v take_v away_o the_o great_a reproach_n upon_o our_o law_n which_o for_o every_o debt_n indefinite_o apprise_v every_o estate_n great_a or_o small_a which_o have_v no_o excuse_n but_o that_o the_o debtor_n may_v redeem_v in_o seven_o year_n but_o all_o debtor_n being_n necessitat_fw-la to_o appryze_v within_o a_o year_n or_o to_o have_v no_o more_o than_o the_o legal_a reversion_n pay_v the_o whole_a debt_n the_o power_n of_o redemption_n come_v to_o be_v of_o little_a effect_n few_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v all_o their_o debt_n in_o one_o day_n but_o now_o if_o any_o debtor_n complain_v that_o his_o whole_a estate_n be_v adjudge_v and_o no_o proportion_n keep_v betwixt_o the_o debt_n and_o his_o estate_n it_o be_v altogether_o his_o own_o fault_n see_v he_o may_v offer_v a_o proportional_a part_n and_o liberat_fw-la all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o estate_n which_o part_n be_v redeemable_a also_o in_o five_o year_n and_o though_o a_o five_o part_n be_v add_v it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a penalty_n be_v a_o 100_o pound_n for_o a_o 1000_o mark_n and_o 50._o mark_n for_o the_o sheriff-fee_n make_v 200._o mark_n be_v the_o five_o part_n of_o a_o 1000_o mark_n and_o which_o be_v sustain_v in_o the_o most_o favourable_a case_n of_o appryzing_n from_o the_o beginning_n and_o the_o reversion_n be_v for_o seven_o year_n adjudication_n be_v executive_a decreet_a the_o lord_n allow_v they_o the_o great_a dispatch_n and_o to_o prevent_v collusion_n whereby_o some_o debtor_n may_v be_v postpone_v by_o debate_n and_o probation_n till_o the_o year_n pass_v which_o will_v excludethem_n therefore_o the_o lord_n do_v not_o suffer_v co-creditor_n to_o stop_v adjudication_n that_o they_o may_v see_v for_o their_o entress_n and_o put_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o abide_v the_o course_n of_o the_o roll_n unless_o they_o produce_v a_o entress_n upon_o which_o the_o ordinar_n will_v hear_v they_o immediate_o without_o go_v to_o the_o roll_n jan._n 22._o 1681._o earl_n of_o dundonald_n contra_fw-la dunlop_n and_o his_o creditor_n neither_o be_v the_o superior_a suffer_v to_o propone_v defence_n jan._n 13._o 1675._o kinloch_n of_o gourdie_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n blair_n and_o james_n strachan_n yea_o the_o lord_n sustain_v the_o establishment_n of_o the_o debt_n in_o the_o same_o lybel_n with_o the_o adjudication_n july_n 26._o 1676._o alexander_n boyd_n contra_fw-la boyd_n of_o pinkill_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n himself_o appear_v the_o cause_n go_v to_o the_o roll_n and_o if_o there_o be_v prior_n adjudger_n defence_n propon_v against_o the_o debt_n or_o adjudication_n
which_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v verify_v within_o a_o year_n of_o the_o first_o adjudication_n the_o lord_n adjudge_v and_o reserve_v these_o defence_n contra_fw-la executionem_fw-la by_o suspension_n in_o which_o term_n will_v be_v grant_v because_o of_o the_o reservation_n but_o there_o be_v this_o advantage_n that_o how_o long_o soever_o the_o suspension_n be_v of_o expede_v the_o first_o decreet_a be_v within_o the_o year_n bring_v the_o adjudger_n in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la title_n xxv_o confiscation_n where_o of_o single_a escheat_n liferent-escheat_n shipwreck_n waith-goods_a treasure_n forefaulture_n bastardy_n and_o last-heir_n 1._o the_o tenor_n of_o letter_n of_o horning_n 2._o the_o execution_n of_o horning_n must_v bear_v the_o party_n charge_v personal_o or_o at_o his_o dwellinghouse_n design_v 3._o the_o execution_n at_o the_o dwellinghouse_n must_v bear_v six_o knock_n at_o the_o most_o patent_n gate_n because_o the_o messenger_n can_v get_v no_o entry_n 4._o the_o knock_n must_v be_v audible_a that_o these_o within_o may_v hear_v 5_o if_o the_o messenger_n get_v entry_n the_o delivery_n of_o a_o copy_n to_o any_o of_o the_o family_n be_v sufficient_a without_o knock_n and_o must_v be_v so_o express_v 6_o the_o day_n requisite_a for_o the_o charge_n beyond_o the_o water_n of_o dee_n 7._o the_o denunciation_n must_v be_v against_o the_o party_n and_o at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n where_o he_o dwell_v 8._o the_o denunciation_n must_v bear_v three_o oyess_n or_o the_o equivalent_a 9_o the_o execution_n must_v bear_v three_o blast_n of_o the_o horn._n 10._o the_o execution_n must_v be_v stamp_v 11._o the_o horning_n must_v be_v registrate_n and_o how_o 12._o denunciation_n after_o satisfaction_n have_v no_o effect_n 13._o the_o effect_n of_o general_a letter_n of_o horning_n 14._o the_o order_n and_o effect_n of_o relaxation_n from_o the_o horn._n 15._o the_o single_a escheat_n and_o extent_n thereof_o 16._o how_o far_o the_o denunced_n debt_n or_o deed_n affect_v his_o escheat-goods_a 17._o gist_n of_o escheat_n and_o preference_n thereof_o 18._o gift_n of_o escheat_n not_o express_v the_o particular_a horning_n whereon_o they_o proceed_v 19_o gift_n of_o escheat_n though_o bear_v good_n to_o be_v acquire_v extend_v but_o to_o these_o acquire_v within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o gift_n 20._o escheat_n within_o regality_n 21._o in_o what_o case_n gift_n ofescheat_n be_v hold_v simulat_fw-la 22._o who_o must_v be_v call_v in_o the_o general_a declarator_n 23._o the_o title_n and_o tenor_n of_o general_a declarator_n 24._o exception_n against_o general_a declarator_n 25._o special_a declarator_n of_o escheat_n 26._o liferent-escheat_n 27._o confiscation_n of_o treasure_n waith_n or_o shipwrack-goods_a 28._o forefaulture_n 29._o several_a kind_n of_o treason_n by_o statute_n 30._o forefaulture_n confiscat_n without_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o debt_n or_o infeftment_n not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n 31._o how_o far_o fews_n be_v effectual_a against_o forefaulture_n 32._o how_o far_o tack_n of_o forefault_n land_n be_v effectual_a 33._o forefaulture_n by_o arescinded_a act_n be_v burden_v with_o the_o debt_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o rebel_n 34._o forefaulture_n when_o and_o how_o it_o may_v proceed_v in_o absence_n 35._o how_o far_o the_o person_n of_o the_o rebel_n give_v right_o to_o the_o fisk._n 36_o the_o effect_n offorefaulture_n of_o appearand_a heir_n 37._o in_o what_o case_n forefaulture_n dishabilitat_v 38_o how_o far_o the_o forefaulture_n of_o appearand_a heir_n may_v be_v extend_v 39_o explanation_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1594._o cap._n 202._o import_v burden_v of_o forfaulture_n with_o the_o debt_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o rebel_n 40_o forefaulture_n be_v reducible_a upon_o any_o nullity_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o grace_n 41_o how_o far_o forefaulture_n take_v effect_n without_o declarator_n 42_o what_o child_n be_v lawful_a and_o what_o bastard_n 43_o declarator_n of_o bastardy_n 44_o the_o effect_n of_o bastardy_n as_o to_o succession_n 45_o legitimation_n and_o effect_n thereof_o 46_o how_o the_o debt_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o bastard_n affect_v his_o estate_n 47_o ultimus_n haeres_fw-la and_o the_o difference_n thereof_o from_o bastardy_n the_o conveyance_n and_o transmission_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o right_n from_o private_a party_n to_o the_o fisk_n be_v here_o comprehend_v under_o one_o common_a term_n and_o title_n of_o confiscation_n it_o be_v not_o proper_a in_o this_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o fisk_n or_o privilege_n thereof_o or_o upon_o the_o several_a cause_n upon_o which_o confiscation_n follow_v these_o be_v public_a right_n but_o we_o shall_v only_o consider_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o right_n or_o thing_n that_o befall_v to_o the_o fisk_n from_o private_a party_n and_o how_o they_o return_v to_o private_a party_n again_o by_o gift_n and_o process_n thereupon_o and_o this_o be_v either_o in_o reference_n to_o movable_n liferent_n or_o the_o property_n and_o stock_n of_o heritable_a right_n and_o other_o movable_n fall_v to_o the_o fisk_n either_o whole_o and_o entire_a and_o that_o be_v chief_o by_o denunciation_n and_o rebellion_n or_o by_o some_o special_a statute_n the_o penalty_n whereof_o be_v confiscation_n of_o movable_n such_o be_v breach_n of_o arrestment_n or_o deforcement_n wherein_o though_o the_o private_a party_n injure_v have_v a_o interest_n yet_o in_o effect_n the_o whole_a be_v confiscate_v and_o a_o part_n belong_v to_o that_o party_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o statute_n thereanent_fw-la whereby_o they_o be_v constitute_v donatar_n or_o otherways_o some_o particular_a movable_n befall_v to_o the_o fisk_n either_o by_o custom_n as_o waith-goods_a shipwreck_n etc._n etc._n or_o by_o statute_n liferent_n befall_v to_o the_o fisk_n by_o the_o denunciation_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o remain_v unrelax_v year_n and_o day_n or_o by_o such_o statute_n who_o penalty_n be_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o liferent_a the_o stock_n or_o property_n of_o heritable_a right_n fall_v to_o the_o fisk_n by_o forefaulture_n or_o become_v caduciary_n the_o confiscation_n of_o the_o whole_a movable_n be_v call_v the_o single-escheat_n and_o of_o the_o liferent_a be_v call_v the_o liferent-escheat_n we_o shall_v only_o speak_v of_o the_o single-escheat_n of_o movable_n by_o denunciation_n have_v speak_v of_o breach_n of_o arrestment_n and_o deforcement_n title_n reparation_n second_o of_o liferent-escheat_n three_o of_o escheat_n of_o particular_a good_n as_o shipwreck_n etc._n etc._n four_o of_o forefaulture_n and_o last_o of_o thing_n caduciary_a especial_o by_o bastardy_n and_o last_o heir_n and_o of_o gift_n and_o process_n thereupon_o escheat_n though_o it_o be_v a_o common_a term_n signify_v any_o confiscation_n yet_o it_o be_v restrict_v to_o movable_n and_o liferent_n and_o most_o proper_o to_o movable_n so_o that_o when_o it_o be_v simple_o express_v it_o be_v ordinary_o take_v for_o single-escheat_n or_o escheat_n of_o movable_n but_o before_o we_o descend_v thereto_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o consider_v of_o the_o ordinary_a cause_n thereof_o and_o of_o liferent-escheat_n viz_o horning_n horning_n proceed_v thus_o by_o letter_n executorial_n give_v warrant_n to_o messenger_n at_o arm_n to_o charge_v any_o party_n in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o obey_v what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o letter_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o rebellion_n and_o if_o he_o obey_v not_o within_o the_o day_n of_o the_o charge_n give_v power_n to_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n by_o public_a proclamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o head_n bargh_n of_o the_o shire_n stewartry_n bailliarie_n of_o royalty_n or_o regality_n within_o the_o which_o the_o denunced_a dwell_v and_o that_o by_o publickread_v of_o the_o letter_n of_o horning_n and_o give_v three_o blast_n of_o a_o horn_n for_o the_o clear_a manifestation_n and_o notice_n thereof_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v call_v horning_n and_o because_o of_o the_o certification_n the_o party_n denunce_v be_v call_v rebel_n by_o a_o term_n too_o rough_a such_o person_n not_o be_v in_o hostility_n against_o the_o king_n nor_o be_v public_a enemy_n but_o only_o denunce_v upon_o cause_n civil_a which_o they_o lie_v under_o frequent_o not_o through_o contempt_n but_o inability_n to_o satisfy_v the_o english_a do_v more_o proper_o call_v this_o execution_n out-lawerie_a whereby_o the_o party_n becume_v outlaw_n and_o have_v not_o a_o person_n to_o stand_v in_o judgement_n active_a or_o passive_a and_o if_o such_o shall_v be_v call_v by_o we_o the_o denunce_v it_o be_v smooth_a and_o more_o suitable_a than_o the_o odious_a term_n of_o rebel_n see_v horning_n be_v the_o ground_n both_o of_o single_a escheat_n and_o liferent_a escheat_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o go_v through_o the_o several_a requisite_n thereof_o in_o order_n and_o the_o nullity_n arryse_v thereupon_o first_o the_o letter_n of_o horning_n must_v be_v signet_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o bill_n be_v past_a and_o the_o matter_n small_a and_o the_o party_n indigent_a a_o horning_n not_o
they_o be_v do_v before_o year_n and_o day_n expire_v be_v after_o the_o rebellion_n and_o so_o arrestment_n or_o assignation_n even_o though_o before_o rebellion_n have_v no_o effect_n after_o year_n and_o day_n be_v run_v because_o these_o be_v but_o personal_n and_o liferent-escheat_n a_o real_a right_o flow_v from_o the_o superiority_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v denude_v of_o the_o liferent_a therefore_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o personal_a right_n cease_v but_o all_o real_a right_n flow_v from_o the_o vassal_n before_o the_o rebellion_n as_o fews_n annualrent_n tack_n appryzing_n and_o adjudication_n whereupon_o there_o be_v a_o charge_n be_v effectual_a and_o not_o exclude_v by_o liferent-escheat_n though_o these_o be_v exclude_v by_o ward_n which_o be_v a_o casuality_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o fewdal_a right_n whereas_o liferent-escheat_n arise_v not_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o fies_z but_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n and_o therefore_o the_o fie_o fall_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o vassal_n with_o all_o the_o real_a burden_n he_o have_v fix_v upon_o it_o neither_o do_v posterior_n voluntary_a infeftment_n though_o for_o debt_n prior_n to_o the_o rebellion_n and_o grant_v before_o declarator_n exclude_v the_o liferent-escheat_n jannuary_n 18._o 1611._o samuel_n ord_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o craigkeith_n the_o like_a where_o the_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v after_o rebellion_n but_o within_o year_n and_o day_n january_n 23._o 1627._o james_n wallace_n contra_fw-la thomas_n porteous_n where_o there_o be_v a_o exception_n insinuat_fw-la unless_o there_o have_v be_v a_o prior_n obliegment_n before_o the_o rebellion_n to_o grant_v thelnfeftment_n as_o if_o in_o that_o case_n though_o in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o exclude_v the_o liferent_a the_o like_a be_v find_v that_o infeftment_n upon_o a_o voluntary_a disposition_n make_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la within_o the_o year_n and_o for_o a_o debt_n due_a before_o rebellion_n exclude_v not_o the_o liferent-escheat_n march_v 19_o 1628._o mr_n james_n rae_n contra_fw-la buckie_n hope_v horning_n laird_n of_o frendraught_n contra_fw-la meldrum_n gordon_n of_o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la gordon_n of_o haddo_n but_o infeftment_n in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la upon_o special_a obliegment_n to_o grant_v the_o same_o before_o denuneiation_n be_v valid_a vide_fw-la tit._n 14._o §_o 53._o as_o to_o legal_a diligence_n of_o creditor_n whither_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o be_v after_o rebellion_n will_v exclude_v the_o liferent-escheat_n be_v declare_v the_o last_o title_n in_o the_o second_o effect_n of_o appryzing_n the_o sum_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o be_v thus_o far_a preferablé_fw-fr to_o voluntary_a disposition_n that_o be_v do_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la for_o a_o debt_n before_o rebellion_n there_o be_v infeftment_n or_o charge_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la they_o exclude_v the_o liferent_a second_o single-escheats_a require_v general_a and_o special_a declarator_n liferent-escheats_a require_v but_o one_o declarator_n for_o all_o wherein_o the_o title_n be_v the_o horning_n the_o gift_n and_o the_o superior_n seasine_n without_o far_a instruct_v the_o superior_n right_o and_o without_o continuation_n july_n 2._o 1622._o carmichael_n contra_fw-la lermont_n march_v 6._o 1624._o dowglas_n contra_fw-la eastnesbit_n june_n 23._o 1625._o viscount_n of_o stormont_n contra_fw-la and_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o instruct_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o that_o superior_a by_o the_o defender_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o be_v presume_v unless_o the_o defender_n disclaim_v or_o that_o the_o superior_a be_v a_o singlar_a successor_n never_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o predecessor_n 27._o shipwreck_n and_o wath_n good_n or_o treasure_n in_o the_o ground_n who_o owner_n appear_v not_o be_v confiscate_v as_o caduciarie_n whereby_o the_o owner_n be_v presume_v to_o relinquish_v or_o loose_v the_o same_o and_o so_o a_o jure_fw-la sup_v cadunt_fw-la and_o the_o thing_n become_v nullius_fw-la and_o yet_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o first_o possessor_n as_o thing_n relinquish_v do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n or_o to_o other_o have_v right_o from_o he_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o these_o before_o in_o the_o title_n real_a right_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o that_o by_o that_o just_a and_o noble_a statute_n par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o where_o ship_n break_v in_o this_o country_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n shall_v be_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n if_o they_o belong_v to_o such_o country_n as_o use_v the_o like_a law_n anent_o shipwreck_n in_o there_o own_o land_n otherways_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o favour_n as_o they_o keep_v to_o ship_n of_o this_o land_n break_v with_o they_o it_o be_v also_o declare_v among_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n the_o second_o cap._n 25._o that_o if_o any_o live_a man_n or_o beast_n as_o dog_n cat_n etc._n etc._n come_v quick_a out_o of_o the_o vessel_n the_o same_o shall_v not_o be_v account_v shipwreck_n but_o shall_v be_v preserve_v to_o the_o owner_n clame_v and_o instruct_v his_o right_n within_o year_n and_o day_n or_o otherways_o it_o shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v it_o find_v where_o a_o ox_n escape_v alive_a out_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o admiral_n decreet_a find_v the_o same_o escheatable_a as_o shipwreck_n be_v suspend_v simpliciter_fw-la december_n 12._o 1622._o hamilton_n contra_fw-la cochran_n in_o which_o case_v nothing_o be_v alleige_v but_o this_o old_a statute_n the_o genuine_a meaning_n whereof_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v where_o any_o person_n come_v to_o land_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n shall_v not_o be_v confiscate_v as_o wrack_n but_o the_o posterior_n act_n par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o repeat_v not_o that_o provision_n but_o regulat_v the_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o do_v to_o they_o as_o they_o do_v to_o we_o without_o any_o other_o limitation_n and_o therefore_o where_o some_o person_n come_v to_o land_n the_o ship_n be_v break_v the_o same_o with_o the_o good_n disperse_v be_v confiscate_v if_o confiscation_n in_o the_o like_a case_n shall_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o that_o place_n to_o which_o the_o ship_n belong_v january_n 20._o 1674._o jacobson_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o crawfoord_n 28._o forefaulture_n be_v the_o great_a confiscation_n comprehend_v all_o other_o penal_a confiscation_n it_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o take_v away_o of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n par._n 1424._o cap._n 3._o for_o it_o be_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o high_a crime_n to_o wit_n treason_n which_o at_o first_o and_o by_o its_o native_a signification_n it_o express_v crymes_n against_o the_o life_n of_o any_o party_n under_o trust_n so_o the_o slaughter_n of_o any_o person_n under_o trust_n credit_n or_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 51._o 29._o thence_o it_o be_v also_o call_v treachery_n and_o the_o committer_n thereof_o traitor_n and_o because_o of_o that_o trust_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o liege_n as_o their_o superior_a and_o sovereign_a the_o chief_a point_n of_o treason_n be_v against_o the_o king_n person_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n last_o cite_v these_o also_o who_o without_o cause_n wilful_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host_n commit_v treason_n par._n 1455._o cap._n 54._o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n because_o of_o the_o trust_n betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o vassal_n such_o crime_n against_o the_o superior_a be_v also_o call_v treason_n and_o thereby_o the_o committer_n lose_v for_o ever_o all_o land_n and_o heritage_n he_o hold_v of_o that_o sùperiour_a quoniam_fw-la atachiamenta_fw-la cap._n 19_o but_o this_o treason_n infer_v not_o a_o simple_a forfeiture_n but_o only_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o recognition_n but_o as_o now_o the_o term_n be_v take_v treason_n and_o forefalture_n of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n be_v adequat_fw-la and_o wherever_o the_o one_o be_v express_v in_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o other_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o strike_v or_o slay_v of_o any_o person_n within_o the_o parliament_n house_n during_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n within_o the_o king_n inner-chamber_n cabinet_n or_o chamber_n of_o peace_n the_o king_n be_v within_o his_o palace_n or_o within_o the_o inner-tolbooth_a the_o time_n of_o session_n sit_v or_o within_o the_o privy_a council-house_n the_o time_n of_o the_o council_n sit_v or_o in_o his_o majesty_n presence_n any_o where_o be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 173._o impugn_v the_o dignity_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o parliament_n or_o procure_v any_o innovation_n or_o diminution_n of_o there_o power_n be_v prohibit_v under_o pain_n of_o treason_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 139._o and_o also_o decline_v the_o king_n and_o