was not less carefull of morall than of the military Discipline well knowing that that Souldiery will hardly vanquish an enemy that is vanquished by its own debauchery Ireland they say endures no poyson his Excellency would endure no dangerous exorbitancy to envenom his Regiment nor any perverse Achan that would trouble his Camp and next the care of keeping his Souldiers Men and restraining them when going out of themselves within the compasse of humanity he added that of making them Souldiers that they might not be to Learn when they were to perform their duty Turpe est in arte militarj dicert non putaram 15 Besides that by his preparation the enemy might suspect that their plot was discovered and by his readinesse that it was prevented when men did but seeme to suspect an unknowne plot they have often discovered it and withall few Souldiers brought together in a military posture as they can vanquish many out of order so they can affright more the often mustering of Souldiers among a dangerous people is not the least part of their policy who know what pannick feare armed multitudes strike into the dispersed vulgar 16 His Excellencies solemn familiarity no Mother of contempt was observable whereby he insinuated himselfe so far into his Souldiers affection that they could have wished their lives doubled that they might have one life to spend for his person as they had one for his cause His Language with Caesar was not Milites but Commilitones not Souldiers but Fellow-Souldiers nor was this out of any designe so much as out of nature and that note of Livy tooke no place here Credant haud gratuitam in tanta majestate Comitatem fore that so much Majesty never condescended without designe nor was that of the Comick a good rule here Non temerarium est ubi dives blande appellat pauperem altera manu fert Lapidem panem ostentat altera Nemini credo qui longe blandus est dives pauperis 17 And when the sad time came that called for his actuall service the sad condition of Ireland now without a Deputy the last being beheaded the sad Prologue that ushered in this Tragedy the red morning of whose bloody death presaged this tempest as he prophecyed rather than spoke upon the Scaffold and by reason of the jealousies at the same time stirred up between his late Majesty and his Parliament by Rome and Hell one not daring to trust the other to be charitable without supply and assistance grapling with the power of Rome from within and from without from all the Kings that hâ—d given their power to the Beast kept his Excellency and other Worthies to the defensive and confined their care more how to save themselves handsomely then how to subdue the enemy which though their cause and valour prompted them to for qui molestos arcet ex â—ona Conscientia sumit fiduciam bonaque ei spes adest inde quod injuriam non inferat sed auferat Alex. orat ad mil. Herod 5. yet their prudence checked them from with the prudent caution in the Gospell of considering whether they were able with ten thousand to hurt them that came against them with twenty thousand for doubtlesse such and much greater was the ods between these two adversaries 18 Though his Excellency spent not that time he stayed there without some offensive sallies upon the enemy we must offend sometimes in our own defence and give our enemies occasion to complaine that we will not patiently lye open to their full stroke as that Roman brought an action against a Man because he received not his whole dart 19 Yet he was most eminent then upon necessity as he was since upon designe in a prudent reservation of himselfe It being as great skill to ward off blowes as to give them he was as wise as that Lewis of France in preventing danger who had foresights to prevent mischiefs when they were coming but not a present prudence to engage them when come though yet he was as ready in encountring dangers as that Henry of England who could as Bacon observes who drew his life with a pencill as majestick as his Scepter with ready advice command present thoughts to encounter that danger with success which he could not with foresight prevent he gave then great signes of an admirable dexterity in mannaging disadvantages vvhich he hath siâ—ce given full proofe of vvhen he opposed himselfe against a declining age engaging thousands with his single selfe 20 His stratagems were as considerable as any Mans in so narrow a command for though force and terror be most proper to wars yet we may lawfully use guile Sive dolo sive vj clamve Palamve Hom: Quicquid agendo Hostica delenda vis est Pind dolus an virtus quis in hoste requiral virg. Your enemy you lawfully may spoyle Whether by open force or secret guile Bellandum est astu levior laus in duce dextra Lesse praise I gaine By my strong hand I war with my strong braine Silius l. 5. ex Polib l. nono xenoph {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} 1. Thacid l. 5. Martis comites irae insidiaeque virg. Elharba hudiatum saith Mahomet Wars must have some deceit {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Eust ad Il. x. versuâ— 120. so honourable is it to be wise as Serpents that Saint Chrysostome in his first Book de Saâ—erdotio pronounceth that Generall most praise-worthy that hath obtained his victory by stratagems 21 The other private particulars that that Hiâ—tory may enquire into which is due from after age to his blessed memory will not beare those grave observations which are designed in this discourse for those more publick his performances in this lower spheare being swallowed up with those of his superiors as the glories of lesser lights are undone at the appearance of a greater Wherefore 22 I passe to the cessation made by his Majesties order and the alteration in his Excellencies affaires thereupon For the jealousies forementioned being heightned to a War between his late Majesty and his two Houses of Parliament by their industry who are so well read in Machiavell as to have learned that the best way to enjoy a Kingdome is to divide it One side affirming our Government by a fundamentall constitution a {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} as Aristotle a {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} as Sophoclâ—s an {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} as Plutarch and an {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} as Strabo saith aâ— absolute and full Kingdome wherein his Majesty was {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} by no meanes obnoxious to his Subjects being Supreame over all Causes and Persons accountable to none but to the blessed God as the Hebrew Barnachman hath it who saith Iob shall say to â—ings yee are wicked or to Princes yee are ungodly The other side asserting our constitution mixt and our Supreame power
divided between the King the Lords and the Commons as Chalchondylos formerly asserted of England Arragon Navarre vide Plin. l. 6. c. 22. and some new Politicians of late who though they confesse that in the beginning Kings had all power as Pomponius and Iustine out of him yet afterwards as Tacitus observes the People established Lawes which the King was to obey Tacit. 3. Annal. Cic. de rep. 1. â—t Fenestell 3. 2. And indeed we had the best constitution of a {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} as Solon and an {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} as Lycarg is by some made to spâ—ak 23 But upon some disconteâ—tâ— the severall powers clashed and mistrusted each other and gave themselves over to such feares and jealousies as put each rashly upon thoughts of War which cannot be just unlesse it be necessary and therefore not to be undertaken upon every causlesse feare of uncertaine danger But then there were some with Attila that Cared not how the War begins If they could bring it to their ends This civil War was managed a while with variety of success that neither side should either presume or despaire 24 It pleased God his Majesty suffered some disadvantage at last successe being not commanded to attend the best cause here nor miscarrage the worst greatnesse and goodnesse justice and victory being not yet married there is so much security of the happinesse of another life that Christs Kingdome was not and our hapiness is not of this World though many have been perplexed with that question Cur bonis male sit why it fares so ill with the good yet a Bible well understood hath taught them that there is neither love nor hatred to be knowne by any thing under the Sun when we goe into the Sanctuary we are taught that its unwarrantable to appeale to heaven for the decision of this or that controversy by the successe bestowed upon this party or that cause according to its righteousnesse and due merit Pluto in Aristophanes is commanded to be as favourable to the wicked as the good because if virtue were rich she should be courted more for her dowry then for her beauty so if Justice or Religion had the advantage of prosperity we should be apt to follow it as the common Souldiers more for the prey then for the canse Christ would be followed againe for loaves 25 His Majesties unhappy affaires in England made some alterations in his Councels together with no lesse unseasonable then unlawfull interposition of those of Scotland in our affaires for since civill society was instituted its certaine the Rulers of every one have attained a speciall right in which others have no share over their own Subject so that in them onely resides the supreame power of Judgement whence there is no appeal saith Thacydides Nos quotquot hujus Colimus urbis maenia Sufficimus ipsi nostra judicia exequi Heraclides Spartam tibi quae contigit orna nobis fuerit Cura mysaenae Proâ— vandal 2. c. b. n. b. although when Subjects suffer what 's intollerable humane Society hath allowed and prompted one Nation to assist another so the Romans assisted the Persians so the English succoured the oppressed Dutch and French 26 These advantages prevailed with his Majesty to order the honourable Marquesse of Ormond to bring the Rebels to a cessation upon the most advantageous termes and to spare so many of his best Regiments for English service among whom his Excellencies is brought over as one every way accomplished for the exigence of those times affaires Neither needed his Majesty make use of a Quintili Varo redde legiones So compleat are his Companies that he might reply to his Majesty with reverence to our Saviours words and of those which you have given me I have hardly lost one 27 No sooner was he and others landed on English ground but they were entertained with a Surprize by some Parliament Forces before they had time to know which was their foe which was their friend For the Scene was altered and their noble hands were to be imbrâ—ed now in Protestant and not in Popish blood their swords were to be sheathed no longer in Irish but in English bowels It had been some comfort had it been strangers that they engaged with but alas it was with those of their own and their Fathers house It was wth their familiâ—rs those wth whom they had taken sweet councell together they of their own faith one Baptisme and one hope were their aid called against aliens it were easy to resolve saith Aristides Luctrica 5. but a suddaine disaster prevented these debates they being set upon by that Person whose undertakings were more suddaine then others thoughts and sometimes then his own 28 The Parliament were too well informed of these Regiments to give them the strengthning advantage of uniting with the Kings main body and better instructed in that maxime dum singulj pagnant vincuntur universi then to let them pass without attempts upon them singly 29 His Excellency and others were taken Prisoners and had now nothing left them but the glory of suffering for his Majesty he is deprived of all those things that make a Souldier and now what remaines but those prayers teares that may make a Martyr And in this capacity of a Prisoner did he remaine in the Tower so long as to see his Majesty utterly defeated imprisoned as himselfe the aâ—ointed of the Lord was taken in their Nets under whose shadow we said we should live in peace yea and murthered too to see Monarchy laid aside Parliaments forced Lawes Priviledges and Properties invaded by their own Patrons and the veyle that the uncertaine Warre kept on the Rebells face now by a certaine successe drawn off At their first entrance to England the Irish Forces were puzled Against whom to direct their loyall Swords while each side was for the King for Lawes for Liberty Property and Religion But now they were satisfyed in what they meant that fought for his Majesty against the King Now the whole World saw that they least intended what they most pretended {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Homer they that sit at our helme looked one way but rowed another when they should make his Majesty glorious they summon all the wit and malice of their side to make him infamous when they should bring him to his Throne they bring him to the Scaffold the Liberty they with much blood and treasure obtained for the Parliament is it seemes an unparalleld force the Religion to be established are all the antiquated and condemned errours and heresies with the exploded Schismes that attended them so many Religions that sober unconcerned Spectators thought we had none so easy is it in a throng of Religions to loose Religion 30 His Excellency saw how prosperity opened those Persons whom another condition kept close as mid day discloseth those shels whom night keepes shut advancement discovers a Man when Appius
politickly brought him up that they generally said If we must needs have an Usurper we will be content to have him His Excellency saw Richard so well settled that to attempt any thing against so well layed a Government in the behalf of his most Sacred Majesty had been but to hazard the best Cause with his own and his Friends persons and fortunes against a tide which swelling higher by the opposition would quickly have overwhelmed them And therefore he submitted himself to a compliance with the Power then in being acting by its authority knowing as Grotius saith jure belli pacis p. 1. c. 73. That the acts of empire which an Usurper exerciseth may have power to oblige not out of his right which is none but because its better his Commands should prevail and be of force then utter confusion be brought in the Laws and Iudgements being taken away See Suarez leg. l. 3. c. 10. n. 7. vid. de potest civ. n. 23. And so his Excellency went on with the Usurper â—trengthening the hands of the evill doer for publique good while he was weakening him in private interest We may observe in Nature that the severall parts of it though they are ordinarily true and faithfull â—o their standing rule law and duty the light going upwards and the heavy downwards c. yet they are allowed to comply with a violence that brings them out of their place order against their inclination and law to fill up such chasmes and supply such vacuities as may endanger the dissolution of the whole Besides I think really his Excellency together with our Gracious Soveraign had rather the Invader should be left in possession then occasion given to such dangerous and bloudy commotions as they both trembled at the thoughts of which yet must necessarily follow upon any violence against those men who have strong Factions on their side at home and as strong Conâ—ederacies abroad It was their opinion {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Plutarch Or as Favonius hath it Civill War is worse then unlawfull Government-Mihi pax omni cum civibus bellâ— civilii utilior videtur Cic. Titus Quintus thought it better the Tyrant Nubis had been let alone at Lacedemon when he could not otherwise be thrown down but with the ruine of the Common-wealth likely to perish in vindication of her Liberty For as Aristophanes hath it A Lion is not to be bred in a City but if he be brought up he must be kept For indeed we nec morbum ferre possumus nec remedium Liv. Yea we were so unfortunately sick that we feared plus periculâ— a medico quam a morbo For though Usurpation falls heavy upon many particulars yet the bloudy consequences of an intestine War are worse spreading and permanent His Excellency was as carefull to keep others within an usefull moderation and prudence as he was to act according to it himself and therefore upon Oliver's death He and the Councel make an Order That there be none brought from beyond the Seas to Scotland and that none be carried from Scotland beyond the Seas without speciall leave and a Passe That there be no unusuall meetings of Persons dangerously affected to the Peace of that Nation c. And seized upon severall persons dangerously busie about his Majesties Affairs in that Kingdome whereby he at once seemed to be very cordiall against his Majesties interest and for that of the Usurpers and really did his Majesty the best service imaginable and his Friends the greatest â—â—rtesie 1. Restraining them from those attempts which had been their ruine AEquum non est saith Stallius ut sapiens disipientiâ—m causu in pericula turbas se conâ—icâ—aâ—â— See Nâ—hem 9. 27. 2. And withdrawing from the Usurper that advantage which he made of such vain and empty oppositions towards his own establishment and settlementâ— who knows noâ— that Oliver was advanced to that height we ere while admired and feared by those plots which he subtlely contrived and others were foolishly trapanned to by whose discovery and defeat he rendered himself formidable and by sly insinuations of what danger the Government and the three Nations were in by reason of them prevailed with his Conventions to secure the Common-wealth by promoting his power daily upon the occasion of one pretended Plot after another untill he scrued himself up to the power of the most absolute Monarch in Europe His Excellency thought that monstrous Power would fall away of it self which might be held up and strengthened by opposition A Lacedemonian in Plutarch when he read Hos dum Marte parant dominatum extinguere saevus ante saliuntis Maenia mors rapâ—it added Merito viri illi periere expectare enim debâ—erunt ut ipse per se dominatus conflugraret In the meantime he resolved to acquiesce discreetly in the determination of the free and full Parliament which Richard and his Councell were happily necessitated to call towards the right constitution of which he contributed much in the choice of such Parliament men for Scotland as the Malignant party in England would not have willingly admitted to the House who when they entered assisted the Honest party in such counsels as would have brought down the power which Oliver set up with so much bloâ—d and treasure in the twinkling of an eye without any noise or stir wherefore they were suddenly after dissolved by the Army with a consent that Richard gave to it {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Although his Excellency was sorry to see such unwarrantable violence offered to a free Parliament made up of the hoâ—ourable Representatives of three Nations yet he was pleased to see that vast Power taken from Cromwel's Family by the same Authority that gave it them even before a third Heir enâ—oyed it He so well foresaw the future establishment of these Nations through these severall revolutions as the establishment of a fair World out of a Chaos that he stuck not in an Address to the Parliament whom the Army had invited to reassume their power which they had once forced them from and now looked upon as the onely Authority that could serve their turn and interest to say that the Nation was then born in a day When those Members that the Army had called in refused the admission of the secluded Members those worthy Patriots that were resolved to doe their King and their Countrey right when they resolved to â—surp the Government denying the Nation their priviledge of being governed by a free and full Parliament and siding with a company of Sectaâ—ies and desperate persons that were engaged to ruine our Church and State neglected our honourable Nobility our worshipfull Gentry our reverend Clergy and in a word slighted three Kingdomes and with their assistance awe us with Militia's and oppress us with Assesments so farre to the discontent of the whole Nation that they agree upon a generall Insurrection upon the first of