king_n though_o wicked_a for_o certain_o he_o by_o who_o providence_n all_o king_n reign_n will_v pursue_v the_o regicide_n with_o vengeance_n inevitable_o to_o reproach_v any_o private_a man_n false_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n but_o of_o a_o king_n wicked_a king_n must_v not_o be_v revile_v much_o less_o kill_v though_o wicked_a we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a though_o he_o deserve_v it_o because_o as_o he_o that_o write_v the_o problem_n father_v upon_o aristotle_n say_v he_o that_o speak_v evil_a of_o the_o governor_n scandalize_v the_o whole_a city_n so_o joab_n conclude_v concern_v shimei_n as_o josephus_n testify_v shall_v thou_o not_o die_v who_o presume_v to_o curse_v he_o who_o god_n have_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o law_n say_v julian_n be_v very_o severe_a on_o the_o behalf_n of_o prince_n for_o he_o that_o be_v injurious_a unto_o they_o do_v wilful_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n themselves_o misopogoris_fw-la misopogoris_fw-la now_o if_o we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a of_o king_n much_o less_o must_v we_o do_v evil_a against_o they_o david_n repent_v but_o for_o offer_v violence_n to_o saul_n garment_n so_o great_a be_v the_o reverence_n that_o he_o bear_v to_o his_o person_n and_o deserve_o for_o since_o their_o sovereign_a power_n can_v but_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o general_a hatred_n therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o their_o security_n shall_v especial_o be_v provide_v for_o this_o say_v quintilian_n be_v the_o fate_n of_o such_o as_o sit_v at_o the_o stern_a of_o government_n that_o they_o can_v discharge_v their_o duty_n faithful_o nor_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n without_o the_o envy_n of_o many_o king_n the_o law_n be_v severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n be_v the_o person_n of_o king_n guard_v with_o such_o severe_a law_n which_o seem_v like_o draco_n to_o be_v write_v in_o blood_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o enact_v by_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o tribune_n whereby_o their_o person_n become_v inviolable_a among_o other_o wise_a say_n of_o the_o esseni_n this_o be_v one_o that_o the_o person_n of_o king_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o that_o of_o homer_n be_v as_o notable_a his_o chief_a care_n be_v for_o the_o king_n that_o nothing_o shall_v endanger_v he_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o as_o st._n chrysostom_n well_o observe_v if_o any_o man_n kill_v a_o sheep_n why_o 1_o tim._n 1._o and_o why_o he_o but_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o they_o but_o if_o he_o kill_v the_o shepherd_n he_o dissipate_v the_o whole_a flock_n the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o king_n as_o curtius_n tell_v we_o among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v govern_v by_o king_n be_v as_o venerable_a as_o that_o of_o god_n so_o artabanus_n the_o persian_a them_o plut._n them_o among_o many_o and_o those_o most_o excellent_a law_n we_o have_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a which_o command_v we_o to_o adore_v our_o king_n as_o the_o very_a image_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o saviour_n of_o all_o and_o therefore_o as_o plutarch_n speak_v nec_fw-la fas_fw-la nec_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la regis_fw-la corpori_fw-la manus_fw-la infer_v it_o be_v not_o permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n but_o as_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o valour_n be_v to_o save_v he_o that_o save_v all_o if_o the_o eye_n observe_v a_o blow_n threaten_v the_o head_n the_o hand_n be_v instruct_v by_o nature_n interpose_v itself_o as_o prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o head_n whereupon_o all_o the_o other_o member_n depend_v before_o their_o own_o wherefore_o as_o cassiodore_n note_n pater_fw-la de_fw-fr pater_fw-la he_o that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n redeem_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n do_v well_o own_o we_o be_v to_o prefer_v his_o life_n before_o our_o own_o if_o in_o so_o do_v he_o propose_v to_o himself_o the_o free_n of_o his_o own_o soul_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o another_o man_n body_n for_o as_o conscience_n teach_v he_o to_o express_v his_o fidelity_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o do_v right_a reason_n instruct_v he_o to_o prefer_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n before_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o own_o body_n but_o here_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n arise_v as_o namely_o whether_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o david_n and_o the_o maccabee_n nothing_o whether_o david_n example_n and_o the_o maccabee_n be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v christian_n in_o like_a case_n 1_o pet._n 4.12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16._o christ_n advice_n be_v to_o flee_v where_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o call_n will_v permit_v but_o beyond_o that_o nothing_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o we_o christian_n or_o whether_o christ_n who_o so_o often_o enjoin_v we_o to_o take_v up_o our_o cross_n do_v not_o require_v from_o we_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o patience_n sure_o where_o our_o superior_n threaten_v we_o with_o death_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n our_o saviour_n advise_v such_o as_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o necessary_a duty_n of_o their_o calling_n to_o reside_v in_o any_o one_o place_n to_o flee_v but_o beyond_o this_o nothing_o st._n peter_n tell_v we_o that_o christ_n in_o suffer_v leave_v we_o a_o ensample_n who_o though_o he_o know_v no_o sin_n nor_o have_v any_o guile_n find_v in_o his_o mouth_n yet_o be_v revile_v he_o revile_v not_o again_o when_o he_o suffer_v he_o threaten_v not_o but_o remit_v his_o cause_n to_o he_o that_o judge_v righteous_o nay_o he_o advise_v we_o to_o give_v thanks_o unto_o god_n and_o to_o rejoice_v when_o we_o suffer_v persecution_n for_o our_o religion_n and_o we_o may_v read_v how_o mighty_o christian_n religion_n have_v grow_v and_o be_v advance_v by_o this_o admirable_a gift_n of_o patience_n wherefore_o how_o injurious_a to_o those_o ancient_a christian_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_o the_o time_n of_o either_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o or_o man_n true_o apostolical_a must_v needs_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o their_o discipline_n and_o consequent_o walk_v more_o exact_o according_a to_o their_o rule_n yet_o suffer_v death_n for_o their_o faith_n how_o injurious_a i_o say_v to_o these_o man_n be_v they_o who_o hold_v that_o they_o want_v not_o a_o will_v to_o resist_v but_o rather_o a_o power_n to_o defend_v themselves_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o death_n sure_o tertullian_n have_v never_o be_v so_o imprudent_a nay_o impudent_a as_o so_o confident_o to_o have_v affirm_v such_o a_o untruth_n tertullian_n so_o tertullian_n whereof_o he_o know_v the_o emperor_n can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a when_o he_o write_v thus_o unto_o he_o if_o we_o have_v a_o will_n to_o take_v our_o private_a revenge_n or_o to_o act_v as_o public_a enemy_n can_v we_o want_v either_o number_n of_o man_n or_o store_v of_o warlike_a provision_n be_v the_o moor_n german_n parthian_n or_o the_o people_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n more_o than_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o though_o stranger_n yet_o do_v fill_v all_o place_n in_o your_o dominion_n your_o city_n island_n castle_n fort_n assembly_n your_o very_a camp_n tribe_n court_n palace_n senate_n only_o your_o temple_n we_o leave_v to_o yourselves_o for_o what_o war_n have_v not_o we_o always_o declare_v ourselves_o fit_a and_o ready_a though_o in_o number_n of_o man_n we_o have_v sometime_o be_v very_o unequal_a how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v that_o we_o suffer_v death_n so_o meek_o so_o patient_o but_o that_o we_o be_v instruct_v by_o our_o religion_n that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v cyprian_a also_o tread_v in_o his_o master_n step_n open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o christian_n be_v apprehend_v make_v no_o resistance_n nor_o attempt_v any_o revenge_n for_o injury_n unjust_o do_v they_o though_o they_o want_v neither_o number_n of_o man_n nor_o other_o mean_n to_o have_v resist_v but_o it_o be_v their_o confidence_n of_o some_o divine_a vengeance_n that_o will_v fall_v upon_o their_o persecutor_n that_o make_v they_o thus_o patient_a 5._o lib._n 5._o and_o that_o persuade_v the_o innocent_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o nocent_a so_o lactantius_n we_o be_v willing_a to_o confide_v in_o the_o majesty_n of_o god_n who_o be_v able_a as_o well_o to_o revenge_v the_o contempt_n do_v to_o himself_o as_o the_o injury_n and_o hardship_n do_v unto_o we_o wherefore_o though_o our_o suffering_n be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v express_v yet_o do_v we_o not_o mutter_v a_o word_n of_o discontent_n but_o refer_v ourselves_o whole_o to_o he_o who_o judge_v righteous_o joshua_n lib._n 6._o qu._n 10._o in_o joshua_n and_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v st._n augustin_n when_o prince_n err_v they_o
that_o they_o always_o precede_v in_o such_o council_n as_o be_v call_v concern_v christian_n affair_n who_o first_o profess_v themselves_o christian_n as_o aeneas_n silvius_n record_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n xxii_o where_o divers_a society_n claim_v unequal_a share_n how_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v but_o yet_o so_o often_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o main_a reason_n of_o enter_v into_o this_o society_n be_v the_o preservation_n of_o something_o hold_v by_o they_o in_o common_a but_o not_o in_o equal_a proportion_n as_o in_o a_o inheritance_n or_o in_o a_o field_n wherein_o one_o have_v half_a another_o a_o three_o another_o a_o four_o part_n than_o not_o only_o the_o order_n but_o the_o suffrage_n of_o that_o assembly_n shall_v be_v not_o by_o the_o plurality_n of_o single_a vote_n but_o by_o the_o proportion_n that_o they_o several_o have_v in_o the_o thing_n hold_v in_o common_a which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n so_o it_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n so_o strabo_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o lybica_n with_o three_o other_o adjoin_a city_n do_v unite_v themselves_o as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o body_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o three_o be_v to_o have_v one_o voice_n but_o lybica_n two_o because_o it_o contribute_v much_o more_o to_o the_o common_a benefit_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o lycia_n there_o be_v twenty_o three_o city_n combine_v whereof_o some_o have_v three_o voice_n some_o two_o and_o some_o but_o one_o 9_o fol._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o and_z according_o all_o charge_n be_v divide_v and_o pay_v and_o this_o be_v but_o just_a say_v aristotle_n if_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o common_a possession_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o consociation_n xxiii_o the_o right_a of_o society_n over_o their_o citizen_n of_o all_o society_n that_o of_o divers_a master_n of_o family_n embody_v in_o one_o city_n or_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a so_o it_o give_v a_o great_a right_a or_o power_n to_o the_o whole_a over_o every_o part_n thereof_o than_o any_o other_o society_n whatsoever_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o outward_a act_n do_v by_o any_o one_o citizen_n but_o what_o either_o by_o itself_o do_v or_o by_o circumstance_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o that_o society_n for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o law_n do_v rule_v we_o in_o thing_n of_o all_o sort_n xxiv_o whether_o citizen_n may_v desert_v their_o city_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o citizen_n to_o forsake_v their_o city_n without_o leave_n give_v there_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n say_v servius_n that_o he_o that_o transplant_v himself_o into_o another_o family_n or_o nation_n do_v first_o renounce_v that_o wherein_o he_o former_o dwell_v and_o then_o be_v receive_v and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o country_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o forsake_v the_o city_n without_o leave_n as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o moscow_n 13._o mariana_n liâ—_n 28._o c._n 13._o neither_o do_v i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o civil_a society_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o under_o some_o such_o agreement_n and_o that_o custom_n may_v introduce_v the_o force_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n yet_o by_o the_o latter_a roman_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o citizen_n to_o remove_v his_o habitation_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o he_o stand_v still_o oblige_v to_o execute_v such_o office_n in_o the_o city_n as_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o he_o neither_o be_v these_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o special_a care_n be_v take_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o they_o shall_v pay_v their_o contribution_n but_o set_v aside_o these_o municipal_a law_n and_o constitution_n let_v we_o discuss_v this_o question_n according_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o that_o not_o of_o any_o one_o part_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o under_o the_o supreme_a dominion_n of_o one_o person_n and_o sure_o that_o they_o can_v recede_v by_o flock_n or_o great_a company_n be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v able_a to_o create_v a_o right_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v lawful_a there_o may_v instant_o follow_v a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o civil_a society_n zonoras_n speak_v of_o king_n lazus_n who_o revolt_v from_o the_o persian_n to_o the_o roman_n make_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o roman_a general_n have_v draw_v unto_o himself_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o departure_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n from_o a_o city_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o draw_v water_n out_o of_o a_o river_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o turn_v the_o course_n of_o it_o every_o citizen_n say_v triphonius_n be_v free_a either_o to_o stay_v in_o or_o to_o depart_v from_o his_o own_o city_n and_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o baldus_n commend_v this_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o stay_v in_o a_o city_n against_o his_o will_n and_o this_o he_o lay_v down_o as_o the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n that_o every_o freeman_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o himself_o liberty_n to_o live_v where_o we_o please_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n either_o to_o remain_v in_o it_o or_o to_o recede_v from_o it_o and_o yet_o herein_o also_o we_o be_v to_o submit_v to_o natural_a equity_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o the_o roman_n walk_v by_o in_o dissolve_v private_a society_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a when_o the_o public_a be_v damnify_v by_o it_o for_o as_o proculus_n right_o observe_v always_o not_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a to_o some_o one_o of_o a_o society_n be_v usual_o to_o be_v observe_v but_o what_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a society_n that_o in_o case_n any_o great_a public_a debt_n be_v contract_v no_o citizen_n shall_v forsake_v the_o city_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o pay_v his_o proportion_n of_o it_o also_o if_o upon_o confidence_n of_o the_o number_n of_o their_o citizen_n they_o have_v begin_v a_o war_n but_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v besiege_v no_o citizen_n ought_v to_o forsake_v the_o city_n till_o he_o have_v first_o provide_v a_o person_n as_o able_a as_o himself_o to_o defend_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o these_o case_n only_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o people_n do_v give_v their_o consent_n that_o any_o citizen_n may_v free_o depart_v because_o even_o from_o this_o liberty_n they_o may_v make_v no_o less_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o some_o other_o way_n xxv_o a_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o she_o banish_v so_o likewise_o no_o city_n can_v have_v any_o right_n over_o those_o who_o she_o have_v banish_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o *_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la be_v banish_v argos_n by_o euristeus_n and_o afterward_o persecute_v by_o he_o do_v thus_o plead_v by_o their_o advocate_n jolaus_fw-la by_o what_o right_o do_v he_o prosecute_v we_o now_o who_o he_o banish_v his_o city_n for_o now_o we_o be_v no_o subject_n of_o he_o and_o alcibiades_n his_o son_n speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n banishment_n tell_v the_o athenian_n 41._o lib._n 3._o c._n 20._o §._o 41._o that_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o city_n do_v nothing_o concern_v his_o father_n so_o likewise_o nicetas_n speak_v of_o isaac_n angelus_n say_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o any_o man_n to_o court_n and_o flatter_v his_o enemy_n that_o be_v but_o sensible_a that_o his_o own_o countryman_n do_v persecute_v he_o as_o their_o enemy_n but_o now_o the_o consociation_n of_o several_a nation_n whether_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o governor_n be_v call_v league_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v when_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o contract_n and_o agreement_n xxvi_o what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n there_o be_v also_o voluntary_a subjection_n and_o those_o either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n that_o which_o be_v most_o noble_a be_v that_o of_o arrogation_n or_o adoption_n whereby_o a_o man_n translate_v himself_o into_o the_o family_n of_o another_o so_o as_o he_o behave_v himself_o with_o that_o duty_n and_o reverence_n as_o a_o son_n of_o mature_a age_n shall_v do_v roward_n his_o own_o parent_n no_o father_n can_v possible_o transfer_v his_o paternal_a right_n over_o his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n so_o full_o as_o to_o be_v
of_o it_o prudence_n indeed_o as_o aristotle_n note_n be_v a_o virtue_n proper_a to_o prince_n but_o justice_n belong_v to_o man_n as_o they_o be_v man_n and_o therefore_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o counsel_n as_o prince_n be_v not_o to_o be_v communicate_v but_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o action_n as_o man_n may_v be_v proclaim_v these_o thing_n consider_v we_o conclude_v with_o pope_n adrian_n that_o where_o the_o subject_n do_v not_o only_o doubt_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o war_n but_o by_o very_o probable_a argument_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v unjust_a especial_o if_o that_o war_n be_v offensive_a and_o not_o defensive_a he_o be_v bind_v to_o abstain_v nay_o very_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o executioner_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o execute_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o a_o condemn_a malefactor_n shall_v be_v thorough_o inform_v in_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o cause_n either_o by_o be_v present_a at_o the_o whole_a trial_n or_o by_o hear_v the_o confession_n of_o the_o person_n condemn_v that_o so_o he_o may_v be_v convince_v that_o he_o who_o he_o put_v to_o death_n have_v by_o the_o law_n deserve_v it_o which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v observe_v neither_o can_v there_o any_o more_o probable_a reason_n be_v assign_v for_o that_o hebrew_n law_n whereby_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o when_o a_o malefactor_n be_v to_o be_v stone_v 22.17_o deut._n 17.7_o 1_o sam._n 22.17_o the_o witness_n shall_v go_v before_o the_o people_n and_o cast_v the_o first_o stone_n at_o he_o and_o for_o this_o cause_o it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n guard_n refuse_v to_o fall_v upon_o the_o priest_n of_o nob_n at_o saul_n command_n be_v thorough_o convince_v both_o of_o the_o sanctity_n of_o their_o order_n and_o of_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o for_o this_o very_a reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o three_o captain_n 1.17_o 2_o king_n 1.17_o be_v send_v by_o ahaziah_n unto_o elijah_n will_v not_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o he_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o many_o public_a executioner_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n renounce_v their_o office_n as_o be_v very_o dangerous_a if_o we_o may_v give_v credit_n to_o the_o martyrology_n 7._o lib._n 1._o c._n 7._o and_o to_o venerable_a bede_n v._o extraordinary_a tax_n to_o be_v exact_v instead_o of_o obedience_n in_o this_o case_n but_o in_o case_n the_o subject_n mind_n be_v not_o satisfy_v concern_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o their_o prince_n declaration_n then_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a magistrate_n rather_o to_o impose_v some_o extraordinary_a tax_n upon_o they_o than_o to_o compel_v they_o to_o serve_v he_o in_o his_o war_n unsatisfied_a especial_o when_o he_o may_v be_v supply_v with_o man_n otherwise_o now_o whether_o these_o soldier_n do_v serve_v he_o with_o a_o good_a or_o evil_a intention_n be_v no_o matter_n for_o a_o good_a prince_n may_v make_v use_n of_o both_o as_o god_n himself_o do_v of_o satan_n and_o his_o disciple_n as_o instrument_n to_o bring_v about_o his_o own_o most_o sovereign_a purpose_n or_o as_o a_o poor_a man_n may_v and_o do_v make_v use_n of_o jew_n and_o extortioner_n to_o supply_v his_o present_a want_n and_o that_o without_o sin_n nay_o though_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o war_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v that_o christian_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o fight_v against_o their_o will_n see_v that_o to_o abstain_v from_o war_n even_o then_o when_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o lawful_a have_v always_o be_v require_v of_o churchman_n and_o penitential_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o the_o great_a sanctity_n and_o be_v in_o all_o other_o many_o way_n commendable_a when_o celsus_n upbraid_v the_o christian_n for_o refuse_v to_o go_v to_o war_n origen_n apologize_v for_o they_o thus_o to_o those_o who_o be_v unbeliever_n will_v enforce_v we_o to_o fight_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o to_o destroy_v man_n we_o shall_v give_v this_o answer_n that_o even_o their_o own_o idol-priest_n and_o those_o that_o attend_v upon_o the_o service_n of_o their_o repute_a god_n do_v keep_v themselves_o unstained_a with_o humane_a blood_n that_o so_o they_o may_v offer_v up_o their_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o whole_a nation_n with_o clean_a and_o unpolluted_a hand_n neither_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v arise_v a_o war_n be_v these_o man_n to_o be_v list_v in_o their_o army_n and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o do_v without_o reason_n how_o much_o more_o may_v they_o be_v say_v after_o their_o manner_n to_o fight_v who_o be_v priest_n to_o the_o most_o high_a god_n endeavour_v to_o preserve_v themselves_o free_a from_o blood_n and_o rapine_n that_o so_o whilst_o other_o be_v pollute_v with_o spoil_n and_o slaughter_n they_o may_v wrestle_v with_o god_n himself_o by_o constant_a and_o incessant_a prayer_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o they_o that_o make_v war_n just_o and_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o they_o that_o govern_v righteous_o 1.6_o apoc._n 1.6_o wherefore_o origen_n call_v all_o christian_n priest_n by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n 2.5_o 1_o pet._n 2.5_o vi_o when_o subject_n may_v just_o engage_v in_o a_o unjust_a war._n but_o yet_o i_o believe_v that_o a_o case_n may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o a_o war_n not_o only_o doubtful_a but_o manifest_o unjust_a it_o may_v be_v just_a for_o subject_n in_o some_o measure_n to_o defend_v themselves_o for_o see_v that_o no_o enemy_n though_o prosecute_a a_o just_a war_n can_v have_v any_o true_a and_o internal_a right_n to_o kill_v such_o subject_n as_o be_v innocent_a and_o no_o way_n accessary_a to_o the_o war_n unless_o it_o be_v either_o for_o necessary_a defence_n or_o by_o consequence_n and_o not_o intentional_o for_o such_o subject_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o punishment_n it_o follow_v that_o if_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o enemy_n come_v with_o a_o full_a purpose_n not_o to_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o such_o hostile_a subject_n when_o with_o safety_n to_o himself_o he_o may_v than_o those_o subject_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n defend_v themselves_o which_o right_o neither_o do_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v from_o they_o neither_o will_v we_o say_v that_o such_o a_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n lawful_a for_o we_o dispute_v not_o here_o concern_v the_o legality_n of_o the_o war_n but_o of_o a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a action_n in_o the_o war_n which_o action_n though_o it_o proceed_v from_o one_o that_o otherwise_o have_v a_o sufficient_a right_n to_o make_v war_n yet_o be_v unjust_a and_o may_v therefore_o be_v just_o repel_v the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n hugo_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n book_n iii_o chap._n i._o of_o certain_a general_n rule_n show_v what_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v lawful_a in_o war_n wherein_o also_o he_o treat_v both_o of_o fraud_n and_o lie_n i._o the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o the_o book_n follow_v ii_o the_o first_o rule_n whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n be_v lawful_a in_o war_n explain_v iii_o the_o second_o rule_n a_o right_n in_o war_n may_v arise_v as_o well_o from_o cause_n subsequent_a as_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war._n iv_o the_o three_o rule_n that_o in_o war_n some_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v indirect_o without_o injury_n which_o if_o by_o themselves_o and_o intentional_o do_v be_v unlawful_a with_o a_o caution_n v._o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v to_o such_o as_o supply_v the_o enemy_n with_o thing_n needful_a this_o explain_v vi_o whether_o in_o war_n fraud_n be_v lawful_a vii_o that_o fraud_n in_o its_o negative_a act_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o unlawful_a viii_o fraud_n in_o its_o positive_a act_n be_v either_o by_o such_o outward_a act_n as_o admit_v of_o several_a construction_n or_o by_o such_o as_o signify_v as_o it_o be_v by_o argument_n fraud_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n lawful_a ix_o of_o that_o in_o the_o latter_a sense_n the_o question_n be_v difficult_a x._o the_o use_n of_o word_n in_o another_o sense_n than_o that_o wherein_o we_o know_v they_o be_v understand_v not_o always_o unlawful_a xi_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lie_n as_o it_o be_v unlawful_a consist_v in_o the_o repugnancy_n it_o have_v with_o another_o right_n this_o explain_v xii_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o speak_v that_o which_o be_v false_a to_o child_n and_o madman_n xiii_o so_o also_o when_o he_o be_v deceive_v to_o who_o our_o speech_n be_v not_o direct_v and_o who_o without_o speech_n we_o may_v lawful_o deceive_v fourteen_o and_o when_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o he_o to_o who_o we_o speak_v be_v willing_a to_o be_v so_o deceive_v xv._o and_o when_o he_o that_o speak_v exercise_v that_o supereminent_a power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o his_o own_o
power_n to_o grant_v away_o even_o what_o be_v her_o own_o now_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n may_v be_v so_o clear_a and_o so_o full_a as_o not_o to_o admit_v of_o any_o exception_n lege_fw-la legem_fw-la quae_fw-la te_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la obstrictum_fw-la tenet_fw-la read_v over_o your_o own_o law_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o say_v valerius_n maximus_n to_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n whereunto_o you_o stand_v bind_v by_o your_o oath_n and_o such_o law_n the_o roman_n hold_v as_o sacred_a because_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o keep_v they_o as_o cicero_n testify_v we_o find_v in_o livy_n a_o very_a pertinent_a discourse_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n 3._o orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n lib._n 3._o though_o of_o itself_o more_o obscure_a where_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a expositor_n of_o the_o law_n he_o assert_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n be_v sacrosanct_a that_o be_v so_o holy_a that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v injure_v without_o perjury_n but_o so_o be_v neither_o the_o aedile_n judges_z nor_o decemviri_fw-la and_o yet_o to_o injure_v either_o of_o these_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o law_n the_o ground_n of_o which_o difference_n be_v this_o because_o these_o latter_a be_v think_v sufficient_o defend_v by_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n alone_o but_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o last_o place_n enact_v by_o the_o people_n be_v most_o inviolable_a yet_o whilst_o the_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n no_o man_n can_v pretend_v to_o a_o right_a to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n but_o that_o which_o defend_v the_o tribune_n beside_o the_o law_n be_v the_o public_a religion_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o they_o be_v all_o bind_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n not_o to_o offer_v violence_n unto_o they_o which_o they_o that_o take_v can_v not_o break_v without_o give_v a_o public_a scandal_n to_o their_o religion_n this_o light_n we_o receive_v from_o a_o place_n in_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_fw-la where_o it_o be_v thus_o record_v brutus_n call_v the_o assembly_n together_o propose_v it_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n may_v thenceforth_o be_v render_v inviolable_a not_o by_o the_o law_n only_o but_o by_o a_o public_a oath_n whereunto_o all_o the_o people_n give_v consent_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n be_v call_v sacred_a gracchi_n plut._n vit_fw-mi gracchi_n and_o therefore_o that_o fact_n of_o tiberius_n gracchas_n in_o depose_v octavius_n from_o the_o tribuneship_n allege_v that_o the_o tribunitial_a power_n have_v its_o sanctimony_n from_o the_o people_n but_o not_o to_o be_v exercise_v against_o they_o be_v much_o condemn_v by_o all_o honest_a man_n and_o therefore_o as_o i_o have_v say_v as_o well_o a_o city_n as_o a_o king_n may_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o oath_n in_o such_o agreement_n as_o they_o make_v with_o their_o own_o citizen_n or_o subject_n ix_o or_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n for_o the_o subject_n but_o yet_o far_o a_o promise_n or_o agreement_n make_v by_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o their_o own_o subject_n shall_v be_v valid_a be_v make_v to_o a_o three_o person_n who_o have_v give_v no_o cause_n of_o fear_n but_o wherein_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o that_o three_o person_n may_v stand_v interest_v in_o that_o promise_n be_v one_o of_o the_o nicety_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o search_v into_o for_o natural_o it_o concern_v all_o man_n to_o provide_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o other_o thus_o we_o read_v that_o king_n philip_n have_v make_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o roman_n bind_v himself_o by_o promise_n not_o to_o revenge_v himself_o on_o those_o fugitive_n who_o during_o the_o war_n have_v side_v with_o the_o roman_n x._o how_o the_o public_a state_n may_v be_v change_v but_o yet_o possible_a it_o be_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v that_o a_o state_n may_v sometime_o become_v mix_v and_o as_o from_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n it_o may_v pass_v into_o a_o absolute_a aristocracy_n or_o democracy_n so_o also_o it_o may_v by_o covenant_n and_o agreement_n be_v transfer_v from_o any_o one_o of_o these_o simple_a into_o one_o mix_v of_o any_o two_o or_o of_o all_o so_o as_o they_o which_o before_o be_v subject_n may_v begin_v to_o settle_v the_o government_n in_o themselves_o or_o at_o least_o some_o part_n thereof_o even_o with_o a_o liberty_n to_o defend_v and_o protect_v their_o own_o party_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n xi_o that_o fear_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v no_o just_a exception_n but_o a_o solemn_a war_n that_o be_v such_o a_o war_n as_o be_v on_o both_o side_n public_a and_o denounce_v among_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o by_o that_o right_n which_o we_o call_v external_a it_o peculiar_o enjoy_v have_v this_o also_o that_o all_o promise_n make_v in_o that_o war_n or_o that_o conduce_v to_o the_o conclude_v of_o it_o be_v so_o firm_a and_o valid_a that_o though_o they_o be_v cause_v through_o a_o fear_n unjust_o bring_v yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v null_v or_o make_v void_a without_o the_o consent_n of_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v because_o as_o many_o other_o thing_n though_o in_o themselves_o not_o altogether_o just_a yet_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n repute_v so_o so_o fear_v though_o it_o be_v in_o either_o side_n unjust_o cause_v yet_o shall_v it_o in_o such_o a_o war_n by_o the_o same_o law_n be_v account_v just_a which_o unless_o grant_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o such_o solemn_a war_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o too_o frequent_a can_v be_v neither_o moderate_v nor_o end_v both_o which_o be_v very_o expedient_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o this_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v be_v that_o right_n in_o war_n which_o cicero_n tell_v we_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v even_o with_o enemy_n 4._o de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 3._o ver._n 4._o to_o who_o also_o it_o be_v elsewhere_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o right_n which_o a_o enemy_n may_v retain_v though_o in_o war_n namely_o not_o such_o only_a as_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o some_o such_o also_o as_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o hence_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n have_v extort_a any_o such_o thing_n may_v without_o the_o breach_n of_o piety_n or_o honesty_n retain_v what_o he_o have_v thereby_o get_v or_o compel_v another_o to_o perform_v such_o a_o promise_n swear_v or_o unsworn_a for_o internal_o and_o in_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o still_o remain_v unjust_a neither_o can_v this_o internal_a injustice_n of_o the_o act_n be_v otherwise_o remove_v than_o by_o the_o new_a and_o absolute_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o promiser_n again_o xii_o this_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fear_n as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereas_o that_o fear_n be_v say_v here_o to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v cause_v in_o a_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fear_n as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v not_o disallow_v as_o for_o example_n a_o promise_n wrest_v from_o a_o ambassador_n that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n shall_v not_o yield_v the_o least_o advantage_n to_o he_o that_o extort_v it_o as_o mariana_n testify_v so_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n be_v extort_a through_o the_o fear_n of_o ravishment_n or_o through_o any_o other_o the_o like_a terror_n or_o affrightment_n contrary_a to_o our_o faith_n give_v this_o aught_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v no_o cognizance_n of_o any_o such_o fear_n again_o xiii_o that_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o perfidious_a that_o faith_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o perfidious_a we_o have_v in_o a_o more_o general_a treatise_n already_o prove_v which_o also_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o st_n ambrose_n which_o without_o doubt_n reach_v even_o unto_o such_o enemy_n as_o be_v altogether_o faithless_a such_o as_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v unto_o the_o roman_n who_o notwithstanding_o keep_v their_o faith_n inviolable_o with_o they_o for_o 6._o lib._n 6._o c._n 6._o as_o valerius_n maximus_n well_o observe_v the_o roman_a senate_n regard_v not_o what_o the_o carthaginian_n deserve_v but_o what_o in_o honour_n become_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v the_o testimony_n that_o sallust_n give_v of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o war_n say_v he_o between_o rome_n and_o carthage_n though_o the_o carthaginian_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o during_o their_o truce_n commit_v many_o outrage_n yet_o will_v not_o the_o roman_n upon_o any_o provocation_n permit_v that_o the_o like_a shall_v be_v do_v
his_o kingdom_n i_o know_v not_o but_o yet_o such_o the_o case_n may_v be_v that_o such_o a_o king_n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v any_o part_n thereof_o as_o if_o he_o receive_v the_o whole_a as_o his_o propriety_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o divide_v it_o but_o as_o concern_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o may_v also_o become_v the_o king_n patrimony_n two_o way_n either_o as_o separable_a from_o the_o kingdom_n or_o as_o inseparable_o unite_v unto_o it_o if_o this_o latter_a way_n they_o may_v be_v transcribe_v 15._o see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o but_o not_o unless_o with_o the_o kingdom_n if_o the_o former_a they_o may_v be_v alienate_v without_o it_o but_o such_o king_n whosâ—_n kingdom_n be_v not_o patrimonial_a can_v hardly_o be_v permit_v to_o alienate_v the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unless_o it_o evident_o appear_v by_o some_o primitive_a law_n or_o by_o a_o continue_a and_o uninterrupted_a custom_n that_o they_o may_v do_v it_o vi_o how_o far_o the_o people_n and_o successor_n be_v oblige_v by_o a_o peace_n make_v by_o the_o king_n but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o king_n shall_v bind_v his_o subject_n and_o successor_n have_v already_o be_v declare_v etc._n declare_v see_v bo._n 2._o ch_n 3._o §._o 10_o etc._n etc._n namely_o so_o far_o as_o the_o power_n obligatory_a be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o government_n which_o shall_v be_v neither_o infinite_a nor_o empale_v within_o in_o too_o narrow_a bound_n but_o to_o extend_v so_o far_o only_o as_o in_o probable_a reason_n it_o shall_v be_v find_v convenient_a but_o in_o case_n the_o king_n be_v absolute_a lord_n 2._o lord_n see_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 8._o §._o 2._o over_o his_o people_n as_o have_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n conquer_v he_o and_o so_o hold_v they_o under_o a_o government_n mere_o despotical_a and_o not_o civil_a or_o if_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o dominion_n not_o over_o their_o person_n but_o over_o their_o thing_n as_o pharaoh_n buy_v all_o that_o the_o egyptian_n have_v for_o corn_n or_o as_o they_o that_o admit_v of_o stranger_n into_o their_o house_n to_o who_o they_o prescribe_v what_o law_n they_o please_v if_o i_o say_v the_o government_n be_v thus_o absolute_a than_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n for_o in_o this_o case_n beside_o that_o right_n which_o be_v regal_a there_o be_v a_o access_n of_o another_o right_n which_o make_v that_o justifyable_a which_o a_o bare_a regal_a power_n can_v not_o vii_o what_o power_n a_o king_n have_v over_o his_o subject_n good_n to_o the_o make_n of_o peace_n but_o here_o there_o usual_o arise_v another_o question_n namely_o what_o right_a king_n have_v over_o the_o estate_n of_o private_a man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o establish_n of_o peace_n as_o have_v no_o other_o right_n to_o that_o which_o particular_o belong_v to_o his_o subject_n than_o what_o he_o have_v as_o a_o king_n that_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o subject_n be_v under_o the_o supereminent_a power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o they_o be_v a_o part_n we_o have_v already_o prove_v so_o that_o that_o commonwealth_n or_o he_o that_o exercise_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o it_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v use_n thereof_o either_o by_o even_o destroy_v they_o or_o by_o alienate_v they_o and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o a_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n which_o be_v even_o between_o private_a man_n justifyable_a but_o when_o it_o extend_v even_o to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o private_a man_n by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o those_o who_o first_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o shall_v befall_v any_o of_o her_o subject_n or_o citizen_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o such_o spoil_n or_o alienation_n out_o of_o their_o public_a stock_n or_o by_o a_o public_a contribution_n whereunto_o even_o he_o who_o have_v sustain_v the_o loss_n shall_v if_o need_v be_v pay_v his_o proportion_n neither_o shall_v that_o city_n or_o commonwealth_n stand_v discharge_v from_o this_o obligation_n although_o at_o present_a it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o satisfy_v it_o for_o whensoever_o that_o city_n shall_v be_v enable_v this_o sleep_a obligation_n may_v rise_v up_o against_o it_o viii_o but_o what_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v already_o lose_v by_o war._n neither_o can_v i_o here_o general_o admit_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o vasquius_fw-la namely_o that_o the_o city_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n of_o her_o citizen_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n because_o such_o damage_n be_v by_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n permit_v for_o this_o right_n of_o war_n have_v only_a respect_n to_o the_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o explain_v it_o 2._o it_o bo._n 3._o ch_n 6._o §._o 2._o and_o partly_o to_o such_o as_o be_v in_o open_a hostility_n among_o themselves_o but_o not_o to_o citizen_n among_o themselves_o who_o be_v mutual_o associate_v and_o equal_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o city_n shall_v in_o equity_n esteem_v every_o man_n to_o be_v the_o common_a loss_n but_o yet_o doubtless_o it_o may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v so_o ordain_v that_o no_o action_n shall_v lie_v against_o such_o a_o city_n for_o any_o damage_n sustain_v by_o the_o war_n to_o the_o end_n that_o every_o man_n may_v be_v the_o more_o watchful_a and_o resolute_a to_o defend_v his_o own_o ix_o no_o difference_n between_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o thing_n get_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n some_o there_o be_v that_o place_n a_o vast_a difference_n between_o those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o subject_n acco_n ding_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v they_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n gra_fw-mi thing_fw-mi a_o large_a right_n to_o the_o king_n in_o take_v away_o these_o without_o either_o cause_n or_o recompense_n but_o not_o so_o in_o the_o former_a but_o erroneous_o for_o a_o right_n of_o dominion_n however_o lawful_o gain_v have_v always_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n its_o proper_a effect_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v take_v away_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o dominion_n itself_o or_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o some_o fact_n do_v by_o he_o that_o be_v the_o right_a owner_n x._o what_o be_v do_v by_o a_o king_n be_v take_v by_o foreigner_n to_o be_v do_v for_o a_o public_a good_a now_o this_o care_n and_o inspection_n that_o the_o thing_n of_o private_a person_n be_v not_o alienate_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o a_o public_a benefit_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o the_o subject_n as_o that_o of_o repair_v of_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o city_n and_o each_o particular_a citizen_n for_o the_o bare_a fact_n of_o the_o king_n be_v sufficient_a to_o stranger_n that_o contract_v with_o he_o not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o presumption_n which_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o person_n bring_v with_o it_o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o permit_v the_o good_n of_o subject_n to_o stand_v oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o king_n xi_o a_o general_a rule_n for_o the_o interpret_n of_o article_n of_o peace_n but_o as_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n what_o we_o have_v say_v before_o must_v here_o also_o be_v observe_v 12._o observe_v see_v bo._n 2._o c._n 16._o §._o 12._o the_o more_o of_o grace_n and_o favour_v any_o article_n contain_v the_o more_o extensive_o it_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o the_o more_o of_o rigour_n it_o have_v the_o more_o restrictive_o it_o shall_v be_v understand_v if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n the_o great_a favour_n that_o can_v be_v grant_v seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o own_o wherefore_o where_o the_o article_n be_v ambiguous_a such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o this_o sense_n that_o he_o that_o undertake_v a_o just_a war_n shall_v receive_v what_o he_o fight_v for_o together_o with_o his_o cost_n and_o damage_n but_o not_o that_o he_o shall_v get_v any_o thing_n more_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o savour_n of_o rigour_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v restrain_v but_o because_o a_o bare_a acknowledgement_n of_o wrong_n do_v seldom_o procure_v a_o last_a peace_n therefore_o in_o article_n of_o peace_n such_o a_o interpretation_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o may_v according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o war_n make_v the_o balance_n on_o both_o side_n even_o which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o equal_a composure_n of_o
he_o refer_v to_o optimacy_n as_o that_o of_o the_o consul_n which_o he_o refer_v to_o monarchy_n be_v both_o of_o they_o subject_n to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n now_o the_o self_n same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o all_o other_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o write_v of_o politic_n who_o haply_o think_v it_o more_o agreeable_a to_o their_o purpose_n to_o gaze_v on_o the_o extern_a face_n and_o daily_a administration_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n than_o unto_o the_o very_o right_o of_o it_o itself_o xx._n true_a example_n much_o more_o pertinent_a to_o the_o matter_n be_v that_o of_o aristotle_n who_o say_v that_o between_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n and_o that_o like_a unto_o the_o laconian_a be_v but_o a_o mere_a principality_n there_o be_v some_o of_o a_o mix_v kind_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o example_n as_o i_o conceive_v in_o the_o isâ—aelitish_n king_n who_o doubtless_o in_o most_o thing_n govern_v by_o a_o full_a power_n government_n mix_v government_n for_o such_o a_o king_n the_o people_n require_v as_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n have_v suppose_v as_o josephus_n testify_v that_o if_o they_o be_v govern_v like_o unto_o their_o neighbour_n they_o shall_v suffer_v no_o inconvenience_n not_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o eastern_a nation_n except_o themselves_o be_v under_o a_o slavish_a government_n so_o atossa_n in_o aeschylus_n speak_v to_o the_o persian_n of_o their_o king_n say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a to_o the_o city_n for_o what_o he_o do_v that_o of_o virgil_n be_v well_o know_v nor_o egypt_n nor_o vast_a lydia_n nor_o mede_n nor_o parthian_n thus_o their_o king_n obey_v livy_n give_v this_o character_n of_o the_o syrian_n and_o all_o the_o asian_a people_n that_o they_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o man_n bear_v to_o be_v slave_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o of_o apollonius_n in_o philostratus_n the_o assyrian_n and_o mede_n do_v adore_v their_o king_n nor_o that_o of_o aristotle_n 14._o pol._n l._n 3._o c._n 14._o all_o the_o asian_o do_v patient_o submit_v to_o monarchy_n and_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v that_o civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la to_o the_o gaul_n in_o tacitus_n the_o syrian_n and_o asian_o might_n well_o serve_v 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o because_o all_o the_o oriental_a people_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o absolute_a monarch_n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v even_o at_o that_o time_n king_n also_o both_o in_o germany_n and_o france_n but_o as_o the_o same_o tacitus_n there_o observe_v absolute_a all_o the_o asian_a king_n absolute_a they_o be_v such_o as_o govern_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o a_o precarious_a way_n or_o as_o i_o say_v before_o more_o by_o a_o persuasive_a than_o by_o a_o coercive_a power_n we_o observe_v before_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n be_v under_o their_o king_n and_o samuel_n describe_v the_o government_n of_o king_n sufficient_o prove_v that_o against_o the_o injury_n do_v by_o they_o there_o remain_v no_o power_n at_o all_o in_o the_o people_n either_o to_o resist_v or_o revenge_n which_o the_o ancient_n do_v right_o gather_v from_o those_o word_n of_o king_n david_n tibi_fw-la soli_fw-la peccavi_fw-la unto_o thou_o only_o have_v i_o sin_v because_o as_o st._n hierom_n upon_o that_o place_n gloss_v david_n be_v a_o king_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o none_o but_o god_n as_o have_v no_o other_o judge_n but_o he_o so_o likewise_o st._n ambrose_n david_n be_v a_o king_n and_o so_o subject_a to_o no_o law_n for_o king_n be_v free_a from_o those_o shackle_n wherewith_o their_o subject_n crime_n do_v entangle_v they_o they_o fear_v no_o punishment_n be_v secure_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o man_n therefore_o he_o sin_v not_o because_o to_o he_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a for_o his_o action_n apposite_z to_o this_o be_v that_o of_o vitiges_n in_o cassiodore_n causa_fw-la regiae_fw-la potestatis_fw-la supernis_fw-la est_fw-la applicanda_fw-la judiciis_fw-la quandoquidem_fw-la illa_fw-la coelo_fw-la petita_fw-la est_fw-la ita_fw-la soli_fw-la coelo_fw-la debet_fw-la innocentiam_fw-la the_o cause_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o god_n tribunal_n for_o from_o whence_o he_o derive_v his_o power_n to_o he_o only_o he_o owe_v his_o innocence_n and_o in_o case_n of_o such_o oppression_n god_n himself_o prescribe_v the_o only_a remedy_n that_o the_o people_n can_v have_v against_o their_o king_n namely_o prayer_n and_o tear_n and_o you_o shall_v cry_v out_o in_o that_o day_n because_o of_o the_o king_n who_o you_o have_v choose_v 1_o sam._n 8.18_o he_o do_v not_o encourage_v they_o to_o rebel_n nor_o do_v he_o prescribe_v any_o legal_a way_n of_o proceed_v against_o they_o only_o they_o may_v cry_v unto_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o he_o hear_v they_o not_o they_o must_v suffer_v with_o patience_n nor_o do_v samuel_n insinuate_v this_o to_o the_o jew_n as_o if_o it_o be_v nudum_fw-la factum_fw-la that_o be_v that_o king_n abuse_v their_o power_n will_v do_v so_o but_o as_o if_o it_o be_v jus_fw-la regium_fw-la a_o right_a proper_a to_o kingly_a government_n to_o do_v so_o the_o jew_n themselves_o grant_v that_o if_o their_o king_n do_v transgress_v those_o law_n which_o moses_n prescribe_v unto_o they_o they_o be_v to_o be_v beat_v with_o rods._n but_o this_o be_v no_o reproach_n unto_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o compulsion_n but_o by_o a_o voluntary_a susception_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o their_o penitence_n nor_o be_v it_o do_v by_o any_o public_a officer_n but_o as_o he_o impose_v it_o upon_o himself_o free_o so_o he_o choose_v who_o he_o please_v to_o do_v it_o and_o prescribe_v both_o the_o manner_n and_o measure_n of_o his_o own_o punishment_n but_o from_o all_o coercive_a punishment_n their_o king_n be_v so_o free_a that_o even_o that_o law_n of_o excalciation_n deut._n 25.9_o because_o it_o be_v not_o without_o some_o reproach_n be_v not_o in_o force_n against_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o there_o be_v some_o case_n whereof_o their_o king_n have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o judge_v but_o they_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o great_a sanhedrim_n or_o council_n of_o the_o 70._o elder_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o moses_n at_o god_n special_a command_n continue_v by_o a_o perpetual_a supply_n of_o election_n until_o the_o day_n of_o herod_n for_o which_o cause_n 6._o deut._n 1.17_o pâ—al_a 82.1_o 6._o they_o be_v by_o moses_n and_o david_n frequent_o call_v god_n and_o their_o judgement_n god_n judgement_n and_o those_o judge_n be_v likewise_o say_v to_o judge_v not_o for_o man_n but_o for_o god_n 2_o chron._n 19.6_o 8._o nay_o there_o be_v a_o plain_a distinction_n make_v between_o the_o thing_n of_o god_n and_o the_o thing_n of_o the_o king_n 2_o chron._n 19.11_o where_o by_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o most_o learned_a among_o the_o jew_n do_v interpret_v it_o be_v mean_v the_o administer_a of_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n that_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n do_v by_o themselves_o sometime_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n i_o can_v deny_v wherein_o maimonides_n prefer_v those_o king_n before_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n which_o be_v sufficient_o clear_v by_o many_o example_n both_o in_o holy_a writ_n and_o also_o in_o other_o hebrew_n author_n but_o yet_o the_o cognizance_n of_o some_o cause_n be_v not_o permit_v unto_o they_o as_o that_o of_o the_o tribe_n that_o of_o the_o high_a priest_n that_o of_o a_o prophet_n for_o it_o can_v be_v say_v our_o saviour_n that_o a_o prophet_n perish_v out_o of_o jerusalem_n luke_n 13.33_o and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o story_n of_o jeremy_n who_o when_o the_o prince_n demand_v to_o death_n the_o king_n answer_v they_o behold_v he_o be_v in_o your_o power_n for_o against_o you_o the_o king_n can_v do_v nothing_o jer._n 38.5_o 38.5_o jer._n 38.5_o yea_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o that_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o sanhedrim_n can_v not_o be_v release_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o therefore_o hircanus_n 6._o jos_n ant._n l._n 14._o c._n 17._o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o king_n of_o macedon_n power_n avail_v nothing_o curt._n lib._n 4._o curtius_n lib._n 6._o when_o he_o see_v he_o can_v not_o hinder_v the_o sanhedrim_n from_o pass_v sentence_n against_o herod_n advise_v he_o by_o flight_n to_o secure_v himself_o in_o macedonia_n they_o that_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o caranus_n as_o calisthenes_n in_o arianus_n report_v obtain_v the_o government_n not_o by_o force_n but_o by_o law_n now_o the_o macedonian_n though_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o regal_a government_n yet_o have_v a_o great_a smack_n of_o liberty_n than_o other_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o any_o citizen_n it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o macedonian_n in_o criminal_a
instant_o canonize_v for_o virtue_n and_o valour_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o war_n be_v undertake_v by_o public_a authority_n like_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n have_v some_o effect_n of_o râ—ght_n whereof_o more_o anon_o but_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a unless_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n to_o warrant_v it_o thus_o be_v alexander_n for_o invade_v the_o persian_n and_o other_o nation_n without_o cause_n give_v deserve_o censure_v by_o the_o scythian_n in_o curtius_n and_o elsewhere_o by_o seneca_n for_o a_o robber_n and_o by_o lucan_n for_o a_o thief_n by_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o india_n as_o a_o scourge_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o the_o common_a pest_n of_o mankind_n and_o before_o that_o by_o a_o pirate_n for_o the_o great_a pirate_n of_o the_o two_o so_o justin_n speak_v of_o his_o father_n philip_n say_v that_o two_o king_n of_o thrace_n be_v thrust_v out_o and_o deprive_v of_o their_o kingdom_n through_o the_o fraud_n and_o villainy_n of_o a_o thief_n whereunto_o we_o may_v likewise_o refer_v that_o of_o st._n augustin_n remotâ_fw-la justitiâ_fw-la quid_fw-la sunt_fw-la regna_fw-la nisi_fw-la magna_fw-la latrocinia_fw-la take_v away_o justice_n and_o what_o be_v kingdom_n but_o great_a robbery_n with_o who_o accord_v that_o of_o lactantius_n inanis_fw-la gloriae_fw-la specie_fw-la capti_fw-la sceleribus_fw-la suis_fw-la virtutis_fw-la nomen_fw-la imponunt_fw-la be_v blind_v with_o self-love_n and_o vain_a glory_n they_o miscall_v all_o their_o vice_n virtue_n nor_o be_v justin_n martyr_n much_o amiss_o when_o he_o say_v what_o thief_n do_v in_o desert_n place_n the_o very_a same_o do_v such_o prince_n who_o prefer_v opinion_n before_o truth_n now_o other_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n there_o can_v be_v none_o but_o injury_n so_o st._n augustin_n the_o wrong_n do_v on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v the_o war_n do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a so_o also_o say_v the_o roman_a herald_n i_o do_v testify_v and_o declare_v that_o such_o a_o people_n be_v unjust_a and_o have_v not_o do_v we_o right_n thereby_o intimate_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n may_v just_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o ii_o war_n make_v 1._o for_o defence_n 2._o for_o redemption_n 3._o for_o punishment_n lawful_a now_o look_v how_o many_o cause_n there_o be_v of_o civil_a action_n so_o many_o there_o be_v of_o a_o just_a war_n for_o vbi_fw-la desinunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la incipit_fw-la bellum_fw-la where_o judgement_n cease_v war_n begin_v now_o at_o the_o law_n suit_n arise_v either_o for_o prevention_n of_o injury_n not_o yet_o do_v as_o when_o caution_n and_o security_n be_v require_v that_o no_o act_n of_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v nor_o any_o damage_n do_v we_o or_o for_o injury_n already_o do_v as_o namely_o that_o they_o may_v be_v recompense_v or_o the_o person_n injure_v punish_v but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o reparation_n it_o refer_v either_o to_o that_o which_o be_v or_o be_v we_o from_o whence_o arise_v vindication_n and_o some_o personal_a action_n or_o to_o something_o that_o be_v owe_v and_o just_o due_a unto_o we_o whether_o by_o some_o contract_n or_o agreement_n or_o for_o some_o hurt_n do_v unto_o we_o or_o by_o the_o law_n whither_o also_o we_o be_v to_o refer_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o arise_v as_o if_o they_o be_v due_a by_o contract_n or_o by_o some_o wrong_n do_v unto_o we_o from_o which_o head_n arise_v the_o other_o condiction_n that_o which_o concern_v fact_n to_o be_v punish_v require_v first_o a_o accusation_n second_o court_n of_o judgement_n most_o man_n assign_v three_o just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n namely_o for_o defence_n for_o recovery_n of_o what_o be_v we_o and_o for_o punishment_n which_o three_z we_o shall_v find_v sum_v up_o by_o camillus_n in_o his_o denounce_v war_n against_o the_o gaul_n omnia_fw-la quae_fw-la defendi_fw-la repetique_n &_o ulcisci_fw-la fas_fw-la sit_fw-la all_o which_o may_v lawful_o be_v defend_v recover_v and_o revenge_v in_o which_o enumeration_n unless_o we_o take_v the_o word_n recover_v in_o its_o large_a signification_n it_o will_v not_o include_v the_o exact_v of_o that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v not_o omit_v by_o plato_n when_o he_o say_v that_o war_n may_v be_v just_o make_v not_o only_a when_o a_o man_n be_v oppress_v by_o violence_n or_o when_o he_o be_v pillage_v but_o when_o he_o be_v fraudulent_o deal_v with_o and_o so_o deceive_v of_o what_o be_v his_o due_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o seneca_n aequissima_fw-la vox_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o gentium_fw-la prâ—_n se_fw-la ferens_fw-la red_a quod_fw-la debes_fw-la 4._o 〈◊〉_d hâ—râ—s_n 〈…〉_o 4._o tâ—â—_n be_v a_o righteous_a say_n and_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n pay_v what_o thou_o â—â—â—st_n and_o 〈…〉_o a_o clause_n always_o insert_v in_o that_o form_n use_v by_o the_o roman_a herald_n 4._o quas_fw-la â—ec_fw-la 〈…〉_o solverunt_fw-la nec_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la quas_fw-la dari_fw-la fieri_fw-la solvi_fw-la oportune_a that_o they_o neither_o give_v 〈…〉_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v pay_v and_o do_v so_o likewise_o sâ—lust_v in_o his_o history_n 4._o â—â—re_v 〈◊〉_d tium_fw-la res_fw-la repeto_fw-la according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o require_v what_o be_v my_o own_o 〈◊〉_d aâ—_n 〈◊〉_d servius'_v 〈◊〉_d virgil_n aenead_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o king_n of_o the_o herald_n be_v send_v to_o denounce_v war_n 〈…〉_o to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o enemy_n country_n and_o after_o some_o ceremony_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n tâ—â—â—_n he_o denounce_v war_n against_o they_o for_o such_o or_o such_o cause_n either_o because_o they_o have_v wrong_v theiâ—_n associate_n or_o because_o they_o have_v not_o restore_v something_o unjust_o take_v away_o or_o that_o they_o have_v not_o deliver_v up_o offender_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o when_o st._n augustin_n say_v jâ—s_n 10_o quest_n upon_o jâ—s_n that_o just_a war_n be_v usual_o thus_o define_v quae_fw-la ulciscuntur_fw-la injurias_fw-la which_o revenge_v injury_n he_o take_v the_o word_n to_o revenge_v in_o its_o general_a signification_n for_o that_o which_o include_v also_o to_o take_v away_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v which_o do_v not_o express_v a_o enumeration_n of_o part_n but_o a_o illustration_n by_o example_n so_o that_o nation_n say_v he_o or_o city_n may_v by_o arm_n be_v assault_v wâ—ich_a shall_v neglect_v either_o to_o punish_v their_o own_o subject_n for_o injury_n by_o they_o donâ—_n or_o to_o r_o store_n that_o wâ—ich_a by_o force_n be_v take_v away_o and_o by_o this_o light_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v defensive_a war_n defensive_a that_o the_o king_n of_o the_o inâ—â—eâ—_n 〈◊〉_d diodorus_n relate_v accuse_v semiramis_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o â—â—king_a war_n upon_o he_o without_o any_o injury_n at_o all_o do_v she_o for_o as_o josephus_n say_v 17._o aâ—â—_n l._n 17._o they_o that_o 〈…〉_o to_o they_o that_o live_v peaceable_o do_v but_o enforce_v they_o into_o arm_n to_o defeâ—d_v themselves_o 5._o liâ—â—_n l._n 5._o â—â—â—s_n do_v the_o roman_n plead_v with_o the_o senones_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v invade_v they_o iâ—â—â—â—_n no_o wâ—ys_n wrong_v they_o for_o man_n say_v aristotle_n do_v not_o usual_o make_v war_n but_o upon_o thâ—m_n who_o â—â—uâ—â—â—st_v injure_v they_o as_o curtius_n testify_v of_o the_o abian_a scythian_n 2._o lib._n 2._o the_o most_o innocent_a of_o all_o the_o â—â—rbarians_n armis_fw-la abstinebant_fw-la nisi_fw-la lacessiti_fw-la they_o never_o make_v waâ—_n unless_o high_o pâ—oâ—â—â—â—â—_n and_o plutarch_n of_o hercules_n that_o be_v thorough_o provoke_v he_o subdue_v all_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o first_o cause_n then_o of_o a_o just_a war_n be_v injury_n not_o yet_o do_v that_o threaten_v immiâ—â—â—â—_n dâ—â—ger_n to_o our_o person_n or_o our_o estate_n iii_o war_n in_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o lawful_a that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o destroy_v he_o by_o war_n that_o will_v otherwise_o destroy_v uâ—_n oâ—â—t_o lest_o draw_v we_o into_o imminent_a peril_n of_o our_o life_n have_v already_o be_v prove_v now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o right_n of_o defend_v ourselves_o do_v principal_o and_o primary_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o malicious_a attempt_n of_o the_o aggressor_n but_o from_o the_o right_a that_o nature_n give_v unto_o every_o creature_n to_o preserve_v itself_o so_o that_o although_o he_o by_o who_o our_o life_n be_v so_o endanger_v be_v without_o blame_n as_o the_o soldier_n in_o do_v but_o his_o duty_n or_o haply_o a_o man_n mistake_v i_o for_o another_o or_o be_v mad_a or_o in_o a_o dream_n as_o we_o have_v read_v of_o some_o to_o who_o it_o have_v thus_o happen_v yet_o shall_v not_o my_o right_n to_o defend_v myself_o be_v thereby_o take_v away_o for_o to_o justify_v i_o it_o suffice_v that_o i_o be_o not_o
wine_n and_o dainty_a fare_n the_o court_n inflame_v of_o their_o unbridled_a lust_n be_v not_o ashamed_a and_o a_o little_a after_o cui_fw-la fas_fw-la implere_fw-la parentem_fw-la quid_fw-la reor_fw-la essenefas_fw-la who_o fear_v not_o with_o his_o mother_n to_o lie_v to_o he_o what_o can_v be_v villainy_n the_o execrable_a custom_n particular_o among_o the_o persian_n 20._o orat._n 20._o dion_n prusaeensis_n prudent_o attribute_n to_o their_o evil_a education_n but_o here_o we_o can_v without_o wonder_v pass_v by_o that_o vain_a conceit_n of_o socrates_n and_o xenophon_n who_o can_v find_v nothing_o reprovable_a in_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n beside_o the_o disparity_n in_o age_n whence_o barrenness_n or_o misshapen_v child_n must_v necessary_o follow_v for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o this_o to_o hinder_v such_o marriage_n sure_o it_o can_v no_o more_o invalid_a these_o than_o the_o like_a disparity_n in_o year_n can_v render_v other_o marriage_n unlawful_a but_o that_o which_o be_v much_o more_o worthy_a of_o our_o enquiry_n be_v this_o whether_o among_o man_n unbiased_a by_o a_o ill_a education_n there_o be_v not_o beside_o that_o which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v conceive_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o understanding_n a_o natural_a abhorrency_n even_o in_o our_o affection_n to_o commix_v either_o with_o our_o own_o parent_n or_o with_o the_o child_n issue_v out_o of_o our_o own_o loin_n 47._o some_o beast_n abhor_v such_o coition_n lib._n 5._o adv_n gent._n hist_o animal_n l._n 9_o c._n 47._o especial_o when_o we_o find_v the_o like_a even_o in_o some_o brute_n beast_n for_o so_o among_o other_o arnobius_n testify_v where_o speak_v of_o the_o horror_n of_o such_o unnatural_a coition_n he_o say_v quem_fw-la non_fw-la hominibus_fw-la solis_fw-la sed_fw-la animalibus_fw-la quoque_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la subjecit_fw-la &_o ingeneratus_fw-la ille_fw-la communiter_fw-la sensus_fw-la which_o nature_n and_o common_a sense_n have_v instill_v not_o into_o man_n only_o but_o into_o some_o beast_n aristotle_n record_v a_o notable_a experiment_n of_o this_o in_o a_o camel_n who_o can_v not_o be_v induce_v to_o cover_v his_o own_o dam_n until_o his_o keeper_n have_v cover_v her_o head_n over_o with_o a_o hood_n and_o so_o deceive_v he_o but_o the_o hood_n fall_v off_o while_o he_o be_v upon_o she_o though_o he_o do_v the_o act_n yet_o remember_v what_o he_o have_v do_v present_o after_o so_o tear_v his_o keeper_n that_o he_o kill_v he_o the_o like_a he_o relate_v of_o a_o generous_a colt_n in_o scythia_n which_o refuse_v to_o cover_v his_o dam_n but_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n deceive_v break_v his_o own_o neck_n for_o very_a horror_n of_o the_o fact_n 42._o nat._n hist_o lib._n 8._o c._n 42._o the_o like_a story_n we_o read_v in_o pliny_n of_o a_o horse_n that_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n kill_v himself_o and_o of_o a_o mare_n that_o be_v likewise_o delude_v worry_v her_o keeper_n to_o death_n for_o say_v the_o historian_n these_o beast_n be_v not_o without_o some_o knowledge_n of_o their_o own_o kindred_n not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v that_o of_o oppianus_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o hunt_v and_o of_o varro_n in_o his_o second_o book_n and_o seven_o chapter_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi rustica_fw-la and_o to_o the_o like_a purpose_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n in_o his_o hippolytus_n ferae_fw-la quoque_fw-la ipsae_fw-la veneris_fw-la evitant_fw-la nefas_fw-la generisque_fw-la leges_fw-la inscius_fw-la seruat_fw-la pudor_fw-la even_o beast_n themselves_o do_v from_o their_o dam_n refrain_v and_o teach_v by_o nature_n chaste_a law_n maintain_v xiii_o the_o degree_n of_o affinity_n and_o consanguinity_n forbid_v another_o question_n arise_v here_o concern_v the_o degree_n of_o affinity_n and_o consanguinity_n in_o the_o cross_a line_n especial_o of_o those_o mention_v leu._n 18._o for_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o they_o be_v not_o interdict_v by_o the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o express_a will_n of_o god_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o the_o hebrew_n but_o to_o all_o mankind_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o very_a word_n of_o god_n himself_o to_o moses_n defile_v not_o yourselves_o in_o any_o of_o these_o thing_n for_o in_o all_o these_o thing_n the_o nation_n be_v defile_v noah_n leu._n 18.24_o 25_o 27._o incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n which_o i_o cast_v out_o before_o you_o and_o the_o land_n be_v defile_v therefore_o do_v i_o visit_v the_o iniquity_n thereof_o upon_o it_o and_o the_o land_n itself_o spew_v â—ut_v her_o inhabitant_n noah_n incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n for_o if_o the_o canaanite_n and_o their_o neighbour_n do_v sin_n in_o all_o these_o thing_n and_o be_v punish_v for_o so_o do_v certain_o they_o have_v a_o law_n give_v they_o which_o forbid_v the_o do_v of_o they_o which_o law_n since_o it_o be_v not_o mere_o natural_a must_v needs_o be_v give_v by_o god_n either_o peculiarly_a to_o they_o which_o be_v not_o very_o probable_a nor_o will_v the_o word_n bear_v that_o sense_n or_o to_o all_o mankind_n either_o at_o the_o creation_n to_o adam_n or_o after_o the_o flood_n to_o noah_n now_o such_o law_n as_o be_v give_v to_o all_o mankind_n christ_n do_v not_o wâ—ere_o abrogate_v but_o those_o only_a which_o as_o a_o hedge_n or_o partition_n wall_n do_v separate_v that_o nation_n from_o all_o other_o beside_o 7.25_o eph._n 2.14_o 1_o cor._n 7.25_o when_o st._n paul_n do_v so_o severe_o censure_v the_o corinthian_a for_o marry_v his_o mother-in-law_n as_o he_o have_v no_o peculiar_a command_n from_o christ_n so_o to_o do_v so_o he_o use_v no_o other_o argument_n to_o justify_v his_o severity_n than_o this_o that_o it_o be_v repute_v unclean_a even_o among_o the_o profane_a gentile_n witness_v carondas_n his_o law_n which_o brand_v such_o marriage_n with_o infamy_n and_o that_o of_o cicero_n in_o a_o case_n not_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o corinthian_a cluentio_n pro_fw-la a_o cluentio_n for_o have_v first_o lay_v open_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o prove_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o mother-in-law_n with_o her_o son-in-law_n in_o detestation_n of_o so_o foul_a a_o crime_n he_o cry_v out_o o_o mulieris_fw-la incredibile_fw-la scelus_fw-la &_o praeter_fw-la hanc_fw-la unam_fw-la in_fw-la omni_fw-la vita_fw-la inauditum_fw-la o_o the_o incredible_a wickedness_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o but_o in_o this_o never_o hear_v of_o when_o king_n seleucus_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v his_o wife_n stratonice_n to_o his_o son_n antiochus_n verebatur_fw-la ne_fw-la ipsa_fw-la offenderetur_fw-la ut_fw-la re_fw-la illicita_fw-la he_o be_v afraid_a say_v plutarch_n lest_o she_o shall_v take_v offence_n at_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n unlawful_a for_o so_o it_o be_v in_o virgil_n account_n thalamos_fw-la ausum_fw-la incestare_fw-la novercae_fw-la his_o father_n bed_n with_o incest_n dare_v pollute_v which_o general_a detestation_n of_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n if_o it_o derive_v not_o its_o origine_fw-la from_o a_o immediate_a dictate_v of_o nature_n it_o must_v necessary_o descend_v by_o ancient_a tradition_n from_o some_o precept_n give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n or_o noah_n the_o ancient_a hebrew_n who_o herein_o be_v no_o mean_a interpreter_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o maimonides_n who_o have_v read_v and_o with_o sound_a judgement_n weigh_v all_o they_o write_v do_v assign_v two_o cause_n of_o those_o law_n concern_v marriage_n mention_v leu._n 18._o the_o first_o be_v law_n the_o hebrew_n assign_v two_o reason_n of_o those_o law_n a_o certain_a natural_a modesty_n which_o will_v not_o endure_v that_o parent_n shall_v mix_v with_o their_o own_o issue_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o by_o such_o person_n as_o either_o in_o blood_n or_o alliance_n be_v near_o unto_o they_o the_o second_o be_v for_o prevention_n of_o fornication_n and_o adultery_n which_o too_o much_o familiarity_n and_o daily_a conversation_n without_o any_o watchful_a eye_n to_o restrain_v they_o may_v occasion_n especial_o if_o such_o wanton_a dalliance_n may_v be_v make_v good_a by_o lawful_a marriage_n now_o if_o we_o will_v judicious_o adapt_v these_o two_o cause_n unto_o those_o divine_a law_n beforementioned_a leu._n 18._o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o in_o those_o that_o be_v ally_v in_o the_o right_a line_n either_o ascendent_n or_o descendent_a for_o we_o do_v not_o here_o mention_v that_o of_o parent_n with_o their_o child_n which_o natural_a reason_n without_o any_o other_o law_n teach_v we_o to_o abhor_v and_o in_o those_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o oblique_a line_n which_o because_o of_o its_o immediate_a descent_n from_o the_o common_a stock_n be_v usual_o account_v the_o second_o degree_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o fresh_a and_o lively_a image_n of_o the_o parent_n in_o the_o child_n the_o former_a of_o the_o two_o cause_n abovementioned_a be_v
the_o ancient_a estate_n shall_v return_v from_o whence_o it_o descend_v and_o to_o their_o child_n x._o but_o that_o which_o be_v late_o gain_v to_o the_o near_a in_o blood_n xi_o the_o law_n touch_v succession_n be_v diverse_a xii_o how_o succession_n take_v place_n in_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n xiii_o in_o kingdom_n indivisible_a the_o first-born_a to_o be_v prefer_v fourteen_o that_o kingdom_n which_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n be_v hereditary_a if_o in_o doubt_n be_v presume_v indivisible_a xv._o the_o succession_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o line_n of_o the_o first_o king_n xvi_o natural_a issue_n not_o at_o all_o concern_v in_o it_o xvii_o the_o male_a issue_n prefer_v before_o the_o female_a within_o the_o same_o degree_n xviii_o of_o the_o male_n the_o elder_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v xix_o whether_o such_o a_o kingdom_n be_v part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n xx._n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o a_o kingdom_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o of_o succession_n to_o other_o thing_n at_o that_o time_n when_o that_o kingdom_n begin_v whether_o absolute_a xxi_o or_o hold_v of_o another_o in_o fee_n xxii_o of_o lineal_a suceession_n to_o the_o next_o in_o blood_n whether_o males_n or_o female_n and_o how_o the_o right_a be_v thereby_o transmit_v xxiii_o of_o lineal_a succession_n to_o the_o male_a issue_n only_o call_v agnatical_a succession_n xxiv_o of_o that_o succession_n which_o always_o respect_v the_o near_a to_o the_o first_o king_n only_o xxv_o whether_o a_o son_n may_v be_v exheredate_v so_o as_o to_o bar_v his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n xxvi_o whether_o a_o king_n may_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o child_n renounce_v his_o kingdom_n xxvii_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o judgement_n to_o speak_v proper_o be_v neither_o in_o the_o king_n nor_o people_n xxviii_o a_o son_n bear_v before_o his_o father_n be_v king_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o he_o that_o be_v postnate_a xxix_o unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o provide_v by_o some_o other_o law_n xxx_o whether_o the_o elder_a brother_n decease_v his_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xxxi_o also_o whether_o the_o young_a brother_n live_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n elder_a brother_n son_n xxxii_o whether_o the_o king_n brother_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n xxxiii_o whether_o the_o king_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n daughter_n xxxiv_o whether_o the_o young_a son_n of_o a_o king_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o a_o daughter_n xxxv_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n xxxvi_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o a_o sister_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o brother_n xxxvii_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o elder_a brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n i._o some_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n unjust_a have_v thus_o show_v what_o right_o may_v be_v derive_v from_o another_o by_o his_o act_n now_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o another_o by_o law_n and_o this_o be_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o treat_v here_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o be_v the_o main_a controversy_n concern_v war_n thereby_o determine_v and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v purposely_o omit_v it_o yet_o be_v it_o worth_a our_o observation_n to_o know_v that_o some_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v apparent_o unjust_a as_o that_o which_o adjudge_v good_n shipwrack_v unto_o the_o king_n coffer_n for_o to_o take_v away_o another_o right_a and_o propriety_n without_o any_o precede_a cause_n that_o be_v probable_a be_v a_o manifest_a injury_n thus_o plead_v helen_n in_o euripides_n helen_n helen_n wreck_v and_o a_o stranger_n come_v i_o in_o such_o to_o despoil_v be_v horrid_a sin_n for_o what_o right_o say_v constantine_n can_v the_o misfortune_n of_o another_o create_v to_o a_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v enrich_v by_o a_o calamity_n so_o much_o to_o be_v pity_v 12._o lib._n 1._o c._n the_o naâ—f_n l._n 12._o and_o therefore_o dion_n prusaeensis_n in_o a_o oration_n of_o his_o concern_v shipwreck_n cry_v out_o absit_fw-la o_o jupiter_n ut_fw-la lucrum_fw-la captemus_fw-la tale_n ex_fw-la hominum_fw-la infortunio_fw-la farneze_n be_v it_o o_o jupiter_n from_o i_o to_o take_v such_o advantage_n by_o other_o man_n misfortune_n and_o yet_o such_o a_o right_o do_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n very_o unjust_o give_v as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o sicilian_n and_o such_o a_o ancient_a law_n sopater_n mention_n to_o be_v in_o force_n in_o greece_n christian_n king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o abrogate_a of_o this_o law_n complain_v that_o he_o lose_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n yearly_a nicetas_n speak_v of_o this_o law_n call_v it_o a_o custom_n so_o barbarous_a as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v name_v what_o then_o be_v bodines_n meaning_n to_o defend_v this_o law_n he_o namely_o who_o reprehend_v papinian_n for_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o to_o act_v against_o his_o own_o conscience_n ii_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o that_o which_o he_o take_v from_o another_o and_o when_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n be_v introduce_v it_o follow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o thing_n be_v alienable_a two_o way_n first_o by_o commutation_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o make_n up_o of_o that_o right_n which_o i_o want_v whereby_o the_o balance_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v make_v even_o or_o second_o by_o succession_n now_o alienation_n by_o way_n of_o commutation_n or_o expletion_n be_v when_o for_o something_o that_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v i_o which_o i_o can_v receive_v in_o kind_n i_o take_v from_o he_o that_o detain_v it_o or_o somewhat_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o that_o be_v some_o other_o thing_n of_o equal_a value_n thus_o irenaeus_n excuse_v the_o hebrew_n for_o rob_v the_o egyptian_n of_o their_o good_n 6._o see_v book_n 3._o ch_n 7._o §._o 6._o which_o say_v he_o they_o may_v take_v and_o keep_v in_o compensation_n of_o their_o labour_n now_o that_o dominion_n may_v be_v thus_o transfer_v be_v easy_o prove_v from_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v the_o best_a proof_n for_o how_o otherwise_o can_v i_o be_v say_v to_o receive_v my_o full_a right_n unless_o i_o become_v the_o right_a owner_n of_o it_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a detention_n but_o the_o full_a power_n to_o use_v and_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o my_o pleasure_n that_o make_v the_o scale_n of_o justice_n even_o a_o ancient_a example_n of_o this_o we_o have_v in_o diodorus_n where_o hesionaeus_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v promise_v to_o his_o daughter_n by_o ixion_n but_o not_o give_v take_v away_o his_o horse_n for_o expletive_a justice_n when_o it_o can_v recover_v what_o be_v the_o same_o endeavour_n to_o get_v the_o value_n of_o it_o which_o in_o a_o moral_a estimation_n be_v the_o same_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o man_n we_o know_v can_v do_v himself_o right_o nay_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n take_v away_o from_o another_o though_o but_o what_o be_v his_o due_n it_o shall_v be_v impute_v unto_o he_o as_o rapine_n and_o in_o some_o country_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o debt_n and_o although_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o diect_o forbid_v this_o yet_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o public_a tribunal_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v unlawful_a but_o where_o there_o be_v not_o public_a court_n to_o appeal_v unto_o as_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o desert_n there_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v our_o guide_n so_o it_o shall_v sometime_o when_o the_o law_n cease_v but_o for_o the_o present_a that_o be_v if_o the_o debt_n can_v never_o be_v get_v otherwise_o as_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v ready_a to_o fly_v the_o country_n before_o the_o court_n can_v be_v open_a in_o which_o case_n the_o creditor_n may_v lawful_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n must_v afterward_o be_v expect_v before_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n can_v be_v assure_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reprizal_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o but_o yet_o if_o the_o right_n be_v certain_a and_o it_o be_v also_o moral_o as_o certain_a that_o a_o man_n can_v by_o a_o judge_n receive_v satisfaction_n for_o want_n of_o due_a proof_n the_o best_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o law_n concern_v judgement_n cease_v and_o that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o nation_n iii_o the_o estate_n of_o
that_o our_o saviour_n word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o what_o philo_n the_o jew_n do_v it_o be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n say_v he_o and_o most_o agreeable_a to_o rational_a man_n decal_n de_fw-fr decal_n so_o to_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o speak_v truth_n that_o their_o bare_a word_n may_v carry_v as_o much_o authority_n as_o other_o man_n oath_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v that_o a_o good_a man_n word_n be_v as_o firm_a immutable_a and_o void_a of_o deceit_n as_o if_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o with_o a_o oath_n so_o likewife_n josephus_n testify_v of_o the_o esseni_n that_o whatsoever_o they_o affirm_v upon_o their_o word_n be_v as_o true_a as_o if_o they_o have_v affirm_v it_o upon_o their_o oath_n and_o therefore_o to_o swear_v be_v unto_o they_o superfluous_a and_o from_o these_o esseni_fw-la or_o from_o those_o jew_n that_o follow_v they_o pythagoras_n seem_v to_o have_v learn_v it_o where_o he_o say_v we_o must_v not_o swear_v by_o the_o god_n but_o every_o man_n sbould_z be_v so_o careful_a of_o his_o word_n and_o credit_n that_o he_o may_v be_v believe_v without_o a_o oath_n it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o chrysostome_n if_o thou_o do_v believe_v that_o he_o with_o who_o thou_o have_v to_o deal_v 15._o de_fw-fr stat_fw-la 15._o be_v honest_a and_o faithful_a urge_v he_o not_o to_o swear_v but_o if_o thou_o suspect_v he_o for_o a_o liar_n urge_v he_o not_o to_o forswear_v the_o scythian_n in_o curtius_n tell_v alexander_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o scythian_n gratiam_fw-la jurando_fw-la sancire_fw-la to_o purchase_v his_o favour_n or_o establish_v their_o own_o peace_n by_o oath_n for_o say_v curtius_n colendo_fw-la fidem_fw-la scythae_n jurant_fw-la the_o scythian_n be_v so_o great_a admirer_n of_o truth_n and_o fidelity_n that_o their_o bare_a word_n do_v oblige_v they_o as_o firm_o as_o and_o their_o deed_n confirm_v their_o promise_n more_o than_o their_o oath_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o roscius_n comoedus_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o look_v what_o punishment_n the_o god_n award_v to_o a_o perjure_a person_n the_o same_o they_o award_v to_o a_o liar_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o form_n of_o word_n wherein_o the_o oath_n be_v comprehend_v that_o provoke_v the_o god_n unto_o vengeance_n but_o the_o malice_n and_o perfidiousness_n of_o the_o heart_n wherein_o all_o treachery_n and_o forgery_n be_v mint_v it_o be_v excellent_a counsel_n that_o solon_n give_v we_o that_o we_o shall_v have_v so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o our_o own_o honesty_n that_o our_o word_n may_v be_v as_o authoritative_a and_o convince_a as_o our_o oath_n thus_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n describe_v a_o just_a man_n to_o be_v one_o that_o evidence_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o promise_n by_o the_o sincerity_n and_o constant_a stability_n of_o his_o word_n and_o action_n cicero_n record_v it_o of_o a_o certain_a citizen_n of_o athens_n that_o be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o a_o religious_a and_o upright_a conversation_n baldo_n orat._n pro_fw-la baldo_n and_o be_v to_o give_v his_o public_a testimony_n upon_o oath_n be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v but_o as_o he_o approach_v near_o the_o altar_n to_o that_o purpose_n all_o the_o judge_n with_o one_o voice_n cry_v out_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o swear_v be_v unwilling_a to_o give_v more_o credit_n to_o his_o oath_n than_o to_o his_o word_n very_o pertinent_a to_o the_o meaning_n of_o our_o saviour_n where_o he_o say_v swear_v not_o at_o all_o be_v that_o say_n of_o hierocles_n he_o that_o in_o the_o beginning_n say_v thou_o shall_v reverence_v a_o oath_n do_v therein_o enjoin_v we_o to_o abstain_v from_o swear_v concering_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v contingent_a and_o of_o uncertain_a event_n for_o such_o thing_n be_v so_o mutable_a and_o of_o so_o small_a a_o account_n that_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a a_o oath_n neither_o be_v it_o safe_a to_o swear_v about_o they_o and_o libanius_n insert_v this_o among_o many_o other_o virtue_n for_o which_o he_o high_o extol_v a_o christian_a emperor_n that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o perjury_n that_o he_o fear_v to_o swear_v to_o what_o he_o know_v to_o be_v truth_n a_o perjurio_fw-la tantum_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la etiam_fw-la vera_fw-la jurare_fw-la vereatur_fw-la xxii_o faith_n may_v be_v give_v without_o a_o oath_n therefore_o in_o some_o nation_n instead_o of_o oath_n they_o give_v unto_o each_o other_o their_o right_a hand_n which_o among_o the_o persian_n be_v the_o strong_a assurance_n of_o faith_n that_o can_v be_v give_v and_o among_o other_o people_n they_o oblige_v themselves_o by_o other_o sign_n and_o that_o so_o strong_o that_o unless_o he_o that_o shall_v so_o oblige_v himself_o do_v fulfil_v his_o promise_n he_o be_v hold_v as_o execrable_a as_o if_o perjure_a but_o especial_o of_o king_n and_o prince_n it_o be_v usual_o say_v that_o their_o faith_n give_v be_v as_o good_a as_o a_o oath_n for_o such_o they_o shall_v be_v that_o they_o may_v say_v with_o augustus_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la sum_fw-la i_o have_v a_o clear_a reputation_n and_o with_o eumenes_n i_o have_v rather_o lose_v my_o life_n than_o break_v my_o faith_n whereunto_o gunther_n allude_v where_o he_o say_v no_o oath_n more_o sacred_a than_o the_o word_n of_o king_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o alexis_n comicus_fw-la if_o i_o but_o nod_v it_o be_v firm_a as_o though_o i_o swear_v this_o testimony_n isocrates_n give_v of_o king_n evagrius_n that_o he_o keep_v his_o word_n as_o religious_o as_o he_o do_v his_o oath_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o king_n dejotarus_n high_o commend_v cajus_n caesar_n for_o this_o that_o if_o he_o give_v to_o any_o man_n his_o right_a hand_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o confirm_v any_o promise_n that_o he_o make_v whether_o in_o peace_n or_o war._n and_o in_o those_o heroic_a time_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o royal_a sceptre_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n as_o aristotle_n note_v chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n of_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o state_n i._o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o who_o hold_v that_o restitution_n to_o the_o full_a arise_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n appertain_v to_o the_o act_n of_o king_n as_o such_o refute_v as_o also_o this_o that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o oath_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v explain_v by_o distinction_n iii_o when_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o his_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o iv_o how_o far_o forth_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o what_o he_o have_v promise_v without_o cause_n v._o the_o use_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o force_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o even_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n vii_o a_o right_o gain_v to_o subject_n how_o it_o may_v lawful_o be_v take_v away_o viii_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n gain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n reject_v ix_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o they_o be_v law_n and_o when_o x._o how_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n they_o that_o inherit_v all_o his_o good_n stand_v bind_v xi_o how_o by_o those_o contract_n they_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n may_v stand_v bind_v xii_o and_o how_o far_o xiii_o the_o free_a grant_n of_o king_n when_o revocable_a and_o when_o not_o fourteen_o whether_o the_o true_a king_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o they_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o kingdom_n i._o whether_o king_n may_v rescind_v their_o own_o acts._n the_o promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n of_o king_n and_o of_o such_o other_o as_o have_v the_o like_a sovereign_a power_n have_v some_o question_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o as_o well_o concern_v what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o own_o act_n as_o concern_v what_o they_o have_v over_o their_o subject_n as_o that_o which_o they_o have_v over_o their_o successor_n as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v the_o same_o power_n to_o restore_v himself_o to_o the_o full_a or_o to_o make_v void_a his_o own_o contract_n or_o to_o absolve_v himself_o from_o his_o oath_n as_o he_o have_v his_o subject_n bodine_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o king_n be_v circumvent_v by_o another_o man_n fraud_n by_o fear_n or_o error_n may_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o own_o right_n as_o well_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o lessen_v of_o his_o prerogative_n as_o a_o king_n or_o in_o thing_n appertain_v to_o his_o private_a estate_n as_o his_o subject_n may_v whereunto_o he_o add_v that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o oath_n if_o the_o contract_n agree_v
be_v but_o the_o overflowing_n of_o a_o good_a nature_n distinguish_v mercy_n judgement_n and_o righteousness_n distinguish_v such_o be_v good_a work_v do_v mere_o out_o of_o bounty_n and_o munificence_n second_o to_o perform_v what_o we_o be_v strict_o bind_v to_o do_v which_o the_o hebrew_n call_v judgement_n but_o to_o do_v that_o which_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n only_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v this_o they_o call_v righteousness_n or_o equity_n which_o three_o some_o expositor_n upon_o that_o of_o mat._n 23.23_o render_v by_o mercy_n judgement_n and_o fidelity_n whereby_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o greek_n do_v common_o understand_v righteousness_n and_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d judgement_n that_o which_o we_o be_v strict_o oblige_v to_o do_v as_o we_o may_v find_v 1_o mac._n 7.18_o &_o 32._o moreover_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v civil_o oblige_v by_o his_o own_o act_n either_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o the_o obligation_n spring_v not_o from_o the_o mere_a right_n of_o nature_n but_o from_o a_o civil_a right_n or_o from_o both_o or_o in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o that_o a_o action_n at_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v lie_v against_o he_o we_o conclude_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o covenant_n and_o promise_n which_o a_o king_n make_v with_o his_o people_n there_o may_v arise_v such_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a obligation_n as_o may_v confer_v a_o right_n unto_o they_o for_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n both_o of_o promise_n and_o contract_n even_o between_o god_n and_o man_n as_o we_o have_v show_v already_o if_o the_o act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v do_v by_o any_o other_o man_n the_o civil_a law_n shall_v bind_v he_o but_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v do_v by_o he_o mere_o as_o a_o king_n the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o reach_v he_o which_o difference_n be_v not_o by_o vasquius_fw-la sufficient_o observe_v nevertheless_o a_o action_n may_v arise_v from_o either_o of_o these_o act_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o to_o evidence_n the_o right_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o no_o enforcement_n there_o can_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n for_o that_o subject_n shall_v compel_v he_o who_o subject_n they_o be_v be_v not_o lawful_a which_o equal_v may_v do_v against_o equal_n by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o superior_n against_o inferior_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n vii_o how_o a_o right_o gain_v by_o subject_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o they_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v note_v that_o a_o king_n may_v take_v away_o the_o right_n of_o his_o subject_n two_o way_n either_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n but_o if_o he_o do_v it_o this_o latter_a way_n it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o some_o public_a profit_n and_o then_o also_o the_o subject_n must_v receive_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a a_o just_a satisfaction_n out_o of_o the_o common_a stock_n for_o the_o loss_n he_o shall_v sustain_v this_o therefore_o as_o it_o hold_v in_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o in_o that_o right_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o either_o promise_n or_o contract_n viii_o the_o distinction_n of_o thing_n gain_v by_o the_o natural_a and_o civil_a law_n reject_v neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o the_o case_n whether_o the_o right_a of_o the_o subject_n be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o king_n have_v a_o equal_a right_n to_o both_o nor_o can_v either_o of_o they_o be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o subject_a without_o cause_n for_o it_o be_v against_o natural_a right_n that_o what_o dominion_n or_o other_o right_n a_o man_n have_v lawful_o gain_v to_o himself_o he_o shall_v be_v causeless_o deprive_v of_o and_o if_o a_o king_n shall_v do_v it_o he_o ought_v without_o doubt_n to_o make_v restitution_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v sustain_v because_o he_o do_v thereby_o violate_v the_o true_a right_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o right_n of_o stranger_n much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o subject_n for_o the_o right_n of_o stranger_n and_o of_o such_o as_o in_o no_o respect_n be_v subject_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v under_o that_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o a_o king_n as_o the_o right_n of_o subject_n be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a unless_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n whereof_o hereafter_o ix_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n whether_o they_o be_v law_n and_o when_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v collect_v upon_o how_o sandy_a a_o foundation_n they_o build_v who_o hold_v all_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n to_o be_v law_n for_o from_o the_o law_n there_o arise_v no_o right_a against_o a_o king_n to_o any_o man_n therefore_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o repeal_v those_o law_n he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o injure_v any_o man_n yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o without_o good_a cause_n he_o give_v just_a cause_n of_o offence_n but_o from_o promise_n and_o contract_v a_o man_n may_v claim_v a_o right_n for_o by_o contract_v the_o contractor_n only_o be_v bind_v but_o by_o the_o law_n all_o that_o be_v subject_n yet_o may_v some_o thing_n be_v of_o a_o mix_a nature_n partly_o by_o contract_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o law_n as_o when_o a_o king_n contract_v with_o a_o neighbour_n king_n or_o with_o farmer_n of_o his_o revenue_n which_o he_o present_o proclaim_v a_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o contain_v what_o be_v by_o his_o subject_n to_o be_v observe_v x._o how_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n his_o heir_n may_v stand_v bind_v let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o successor_n concern_v who_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o that_o be_v to_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n together_o with_o his_o kingdom_n as_o he_o that_o receive_v a_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n either_o by_o his_o testament_n or_o from_o a_o intestate_a and_o between_o those_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n only_o either_o by_o a_o new_a election_n or_o by_o prescript_n and_o that_o either_o in_o imitation_n of_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n or_o otherwise_o or_o whether_o they_o succeed_v by_o any_o mix_v right_o for_o they_o that_o inherit_v all_o the_o good_n with_o the_o kingdom_n be_v without_o doubt_n oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o contract_n and_o promise_v of_o the_o decease_a king_n and_o that_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a shall_v stand_v oblige_v for_o his_o personal_a debt_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o dominion_n itself_o xi_o and_o how_o his_o successor_n but_o how_o far_o they_o that_o succeed_v to_o the_o kingdom_n only_o or_o to_o the_o good_n in_o part_n but_o to_o the_o kingdom_n entire_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n be_v as_o worthy_a to_o be_v discuss_v as_o it_o have_v hitherto_o be_v confuse_o handle_v they_o that_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o as_o heir_n be_v not_o immediate_o bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o their_o predecessor_n because_o the_o title_n they_o have_v they_o receive_v not_o from_o he_o but_o from_o the_o people_n whether_o that_o succession_n fall_v like_o other_o vulgar_a inheritance_n to_o he_o that_o be_v near_a of_o kin_n to_o the_o decease_a or_o to_o those_o that_o be_v more_o remote_a but_o mediate_o i._n e._n by_o the_o city_n that_o choose_v he_o such_o successor_n also_o be_v bind_v which_o shall_v be_v thus_o understand_v every_o society_n no_o less_o than_o every_o particular_a person_n have_v a_o power_n to_o oblige_v itself_o either_o by_o itself_o or_o by_o its_o major_a part_n this_o right_a every_o society_n may_v transfer_v either_o express_o or_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o be_v by_o transfer_v the_o empire_n for_o in_o moral_n he_o that_o give_v the_o end_n give_v all_o thing_n conduce_v to_o the_o end_n xii_o and_o how_o far_o and_o yet_o shall_v not_o this_o be_v boundless_a neither_o be_v it_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o the_o good_a government_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o this_o oblige_a power_n shall_v be_v infinite_a no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o a_o guardian_n be_v but_o so_o far_o forth_o only_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o power_n require_v tutor_n domini_fw-la loco_fw-la habetur_fw-la cum_fw-la rem_fw-la administrat_fw-la non_fw-la cum_fw-la pupillum_fw-la spoliat_fw-la the_o guardian_n say_v julian_n have_v a_o power_n equal_a to_o the_o lord_n while_o he_o order_v the_o estate_n prudent_o but_o not_o when_o he_o waste_v it_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o ulpian_n to_o be_v understand_v every_o society_n shall_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o governor_n be_v the_o agreement_n profitable_a or_o damagable_a to_o that_o society_n yet_o
may_v not_o defend_v they_o yea_o certain_o they_o may_v but_o not_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o league_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o that_o league_n have_v not_o abrogate_a so_o that_o the_o saguntines_n be_v at_o that_o time_n both_o to_o the_o roman_n and_o to_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o such_o a_o state_n as_o if_o in_o that_o league_n there_o have_v be_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o make_v of_o friend_n in_o which_o case_n both_o the_o carthaginian_n may_v revenge_v the_o injury_n do_v they_o and_o the_o roman_n may_v also_o just_o defend_v they_o without_o break_v their_o league_n one_o with_o the_o other_o thus_o the_o roman_n answer_v the_o samnite_n who_o desire_v that_o they_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o sidicine_n without_o offence_n to_o they_o that_o they_o know_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a but_o that_o the_o samnite_n have_v power_n to_o make_v peace_n or_o war_n upon_o who_o they_o please_v and_o in_o the_o league_n make_v with_o antiochus_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o roman_n shall_v make_v war_n against_o antiochus_n it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o by_o force_n to_o repel_v they_o so_o as_o he_o hold_v not_o any_o of_o their_o city_n from_o they_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n nor_o contract_v any_o alliance_n with_o they_o 38._o liv._o l._n 38._o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n pyrrhus_n it_o be_v thus_o covenant_v in_o a_o league_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n that_o in_o case_n either_o of_o the_o two_o city_n shall_v make_v peace_n with_o pyrrhus_n it_o shall_v be_v with_o a_o reservation_n of_o liberty_n to_o send_v succour_n unto_o that_o city_n against_o which_o pyrrhus_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n make_v war._n i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o war_n on_o both_o side_n in_o these_o case_n can_v be_v just_a but_o i_o deny_v that_o if_o either_o party_n do_v send_v succour_n unto_o the_o other_o they_o do_v therein_o violate_v the_o league_n make_v between_o they_o as_o polybius_n right_o distinguish_v concern_v the_o succour_n send_v to_o the_o mamertine_n 1._o pol._n l._n 1._o whether_o it_o be_v just_a and_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a so_o to_o do_v without_o violate_v the_o league_n thus_o do_v alamandaras_n king_n of_o the_o saracen_n plead_v for_o himself_o that_o none_o of_o the_o article_n of_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o persian_n have_v be_v by_o he_o violate_v for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v in_o they_o by_o either_o party_n pers_n procop._n pers_n thus_o also_o do_v the_o corcyrian_o tell_v the_o athenian_n that_o notwithstanding_o their_o league_n make_v with_o the_o lacedaemonian_n they_o may_v send_v they_o succour_n because_o it_o be_v in_o their_o own_o power_n notwithstanding_o that_o league_n to_o admit_v of_o any_o new_a friend_n at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o the_o athenian_n do_v afterward_o assume_v this_o liberty_n command_v 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to_o help_v their_o friend_n be_v invade_v than_o to_o engage_v against_o the_o corinthian_n in_o a_o solemn_a war._n so_o the_o athenian_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n philip_n do_v express_o provide_v that_o those_o grecian_a city_n that_o be_v not_o comprehend_v in_o that_o peace_n may_v remain_v free_a and_o if_o any_o man_n do_v molest_v they_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o those_o that_o be_v include_v in_o that_o peace_n to_o defend_v they_o and_o let_v this_o example_n suffice_v for_o equal_a league_n fourteen_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o clause_n that_o one_o party_n shall_v not_o make_v war_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o other_o in_o such_o league_n as_o be_v unequal_a we_o shall_v give_v another_o if_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o one_o of_o the_o confederate_n shall_v not_o make_v war_n without_o the_o other_o consent_n as_o it_o be_v in_o that_o between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n after_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n and_o as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o league_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o macedonian_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n perseus_n since_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o make_v war_n all_o war_n may_v be_v comprehend_v as_o well_o that_o which_o be_v defensive_a as_o that_o which_o be_v offensive_a the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o its_o strict_a signification_n lest_o the_o liberty_n of_o defend_v ourselves_o be_v natural_a shall_v be_v too_o much_o straiten_v xv._o that_o carthage_n shall_v be_v free_a how_o mean_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v that_o which_o the_o roman_n promise_v namely_o that_o carthage_n shall_v be_v free_a which_o though_o it_o can_v not_o reasonable_o be_v understand_v of_o absolute_a power_n from_o the_o very_a act_n for_o they_o have_v long_o before_o lose_v the_o right_n of_o make_v war_n and_o diverse_a other_o privilege_n yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o liberty_n shall_v be_v lest_o they_o and_o so_o much_o at_o least_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o translate_v the_o seat_n of_o their_o dwell_n into_o a_o foreign_a country_n and_o to_o have_v their_o own_o city_n demolish_v it_o be_v therefore_o a_o foul_a gloss_n which_o the_o roman_n do_v afterward_o put_v upon_o that_o promise_n when_o they_o urge_v that_o by_o carthage_n they_o mean_v the_o multitude_n of_o their_o citizen_n and_o not_o their_o city_n which_o though_o improper_a may_v be_v grant_v because_o of_o that_o attribute_n free_a which_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o their_o citizen_n than_o to_o their_o town_n for_o in_o thâ—se_a word_n carthage_n shall_v be_v leave_v free_a be_v mean_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n and_o as_o diodorus_n siculus_n expound_v it_o that_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v their_o own_o law_n and_o territory_n their_o own_o religious_a rite_n their_o own_o sepulcher_n and_o their_o own_o liberty_n for_o so_o much_o be_v grant_v in_o leave_v they_o free_a so_o that_o what_o the_o roman_n object_v be_v a_o mere_a cavil_n in_o make_v they_o free_a yet_o take_v their_o city_n from_o they_o xvi_o what_o argument_n be_v real_a and_o what_o personal_n another_o question_n likewise_o do_v usual_o arise_v concern_v contract_n real_a and_o personal_a when_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o free_a people_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o contract_n that_o be_v make_v with_o they_o be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n real_a because_o the_o subject_n be_v a_o thing_n permanent_a yea_o though_o that_o popular_a state_n shall_v turn_v into_o a_o monarchy_n yet_o will_v the_o league_n hold_v because_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v still_o the_o same_o though_o the_o head_n be_v change_v neither_o do_v the_o supreme_a power_n cease_v to_o be_v the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n because_o exercise_v by_o the_o king_n where_o we_o must_v except_v this_o case_n namely_o where_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o cause_n be_v proper_a to_o that_o state_n only_o as_o when_o free_a city_n enter_v into_o a_o social_n league_n for_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o liberty_n but_o if_o a_o league_n be_v contract_v with_o a_o king_n it_o be_v not_o instant_o to_o be_v account_v personal_n because_o as_o ulpian_n well_o observe_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o person_n be_v insert_v in_o the_o league_n not_o that_o the_o league_n be_v personal_a but_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o who_o that_o league_n be_v make_v but_o if_o it_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o league_n that_o it_o shall_v stand_v for_o ever_o or_o that_o it_o be_v so_o make_v for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o that_o it_o be_v make_v with_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n for_o this_o addition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_a say_v libanius_n in_o his_o defence_n of_o demosthenes_n or_o to_o continue_v for_o
ambassador_n admittance_n and_o he_o may_v command_v he_o to_o depart_v his_o kingdom_n if_o he_o behave_v himself_o seditious_o but_o that_o none_o shall_v be_v without_o cause_n deny_v now_o cause_v there_o may_v be_v first_o from_o he_o that_o send_v second_o from_o he_o that_o be_v send_v and_o three_o from_o the_o matter_n of_o embassage_n as_o to_o the_o first_o we_o read_v that_o pericles_n dismiss_v melesippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a ambassador_n beyond_o the_o territory_n of_o athens_n because_o he_o come_v from_o a_o arm_a enemy_n and_o the_o roman_a senate_n deny_v admission_n to_o the_o carthaginian_a ambassador_n zonaras_n vid._n camden_n an._n 1571._o quaest_n 4._o livy_n l._n 41._o zonaras_n because_o they_o have_v a_o army_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o italy_n so_o do_v the_o achaian_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o perseus_n because_o he_o attempt_v a_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o like_a do_v justinian_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o totilas_n and_o the_o goth_n in_o urbin_n to_o the_o messenger_n of_o belisarius_n and_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o scythian_n because_o they_o be_v a_o people_n notorious_o wicked_a be_v in_o all_o place_n repulse_v as_o polybius_n testify_v as_o concern_v the_o second_o cause_n i._n e._n from_o the_o person_n send_v a_o example_n we_o have_v in_o theodorus_n the_o atheist_n to_o who_o lysimachus_n refuse_v to_o give_v audience_n though_o he_o come_v as_o a_o ambassador_n from_o king_n ptolemy_n the_o like_a have_v be_v do_v to_o other_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o personal_a hatred_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o ground_n or_o reason_n of_o he_o that_o send_v be_v suspect_v to_o move_v sedition_n as_o be_v that_o of_o rabshakeh_n reject_v by_o hezekiah_n 18._o rabshakeh_n case_n 2_o king_n 18._o and_o the_o like_a or_o when_o the_o matter_n or_o form_n be_v not_o well_o suit_v to_o the_o digniâ—y_n of_o the_o person_n with_o who_o we_o treat_v or_o not_o so_o well_o time_v so_o the_o roman_n forbid_v the_o aetolian_n to_o send_v out_o any_o ambassador_n without_o their_o general_n permission_n and_o perseus_n be_v forbid_v from_o send_v any_o ambassador_n to_o rome_n but_o only_o to_o licinius_n so_o they_o command_v the_o ambassador_n of_o jugurtha_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o italy_n within_o ten_o day_n unless_o they_o come_v to_o deliver_v their_o king_n and_o kingdom_n into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_n so_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o command_v the_o ambassador_n send_v to_o denounce_v war_n against_o he_o from_o france_n venice_n and_o florence_n to_o be_v conduct_v to_o a_o place_n thirty_o mile_n distant_a from_o his_o court_n as_o guicciardine_n record_v it_o 18._o lib._n 18._o and_o thus_o may_v those_o ordinary_a ambassador_n which_o be_v constant_o resident_a in_o most_o court_n be_v worthy_o reject_v as_o unnecessary_a and_o a_o new_a upstart_n custom_n whereof_o former_a age_n be_v whole_o ignorant_a iv_o against_o such_o ambassador_n as_o raise_v sedition_n our_o defence_n be_v lawful_a but_o not_o their_o punishment_n concern_v the_o latter_a privilege_n of_o ambassador_n namely_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v molest_v the_o question_n be_v more_o arduous_a and_o knotty_a and_o by_o the_o best_a wit_n of_o this_o age_n various_o handle_v in_o the_o state_v whereof_o they_o have_v respect_n first_o to_o the_o person_n second_o to_o their_o attendant_n three_o to_o their_o good_n as_o to_o their_o person_n some_o think_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v protect_v against_o all_o unjust_a force_n only_o esteem_v their_o privilege_n to_o be_v understand_v of_o common_a right_n other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o person_n of_o emperor_n be_v not_o for_o every_o cause_n to_o be_v molest_v but_o only_o when_o they_o themselves_o do_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o open_v a_o door_n so_o wide_o that_o all_o delinquency_n be_v punishable_a in_o emperor_n except_o such_o as_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o in_o those_o commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v contain_v even_o those_o that_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n other_o do_v yet_o restrain_v this_o force_n to_o those_o who_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o act_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o against_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v send_v which_o some_o think_v to_o be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o therefore_o will_v have_v complaint_n make_v to_o he_o that_o send_v they_o and_o the_o ambassador_n send_v home_o to_o be_v by_o he_o punish_v other_o there_o be_v who_o think_v it_o fit_a in_o this_o case_n to_o appeal_v to_o other_o king_n and_o free_a state_n that_o be_v not_o concern_v desire_v their_o advice_n therein_o which_o indeed_o may_v stand_v with_o prudence_n but_o not_o to_o be_v impose_v upon_o we_o as_o a_o law_n the_o argument_n which_o every_o one_o of_o these_o do_v bring_v to_o strengthen_v their_o several_a opinion_n do_v conclude_v nothing_o certain_o because_o this_o right_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o reason_n that_o be_v certain_a as_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v but_o it_o receive_v its_o bound_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n now_o the_o nation_n may_v either_o altogether_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o ambassador_n or_o with_o some_o certain_a exception_n for_o advantage_n may_v by_o either_o of_o these_o arise_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o this_o latter_a the_o punishment_n inflict_v upon_o such_o as_o notorious_o offend_v deter_v other_o and_o secure_v the_o peace_n of_o that_o nation_n by_o the_o former_a the_o profit_n arise_v to_o the_o state_n by_o embassy_n which_o be_v the_o more_o easy_o and_o willing_o undertake_v when_o the_o person_n send_v be_v encourage_v thereunto_o as_o know_v that_o the_o great_a care_n that_o can_v be_v be_v take_v for_o their_o security_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o observe_v how_o far_o forth_o the_o nation_n do_v agree_v in_o this_o point_n which_o can_v be_v evince_v by_o example_n alone_o for_o of_o these_o we_o have_v enough_o extant_a on_o either_o side_n we_o must_v therefore_o have_v recourse_n herein_o as_o well_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n as_o to_o our_o own_o most_o probable_a conjecture_n for_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n be_v guide_v by_o two_o notable_a precedent_n one_o out_o of_o livy_n the_o other_o out_o of_o sallust_n that_o out_o of_o livy_n by_o the_o ambassador_n of_o tarquin_n who_o pretend_v only_o to_o treat_v with_o the_o senate_n about_o some_o of_o tarquine_n good_n but_o be_v find_v conspire_v with_o the_o citizen_n to_o betray_v the_o city_n and_o when_o it_o be_v move_v in_o the_o senate_n what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o they_o it_o be_v at_o length_n resolve_v on_o that_o though_o they_o deserve_v to_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o enemy_n yet_o valuit_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nation_n must_v be_v preserve_v whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n protection_n be_v due_a unto_o ambassador_n though_o they_o shall_v be_v find_v plot_v against_o the_o state_n they_o be_v send_v unto_o that_o in_o sallust_n do_v more_o immediate_o respect_v the_o concomitant_n of_o ambassador_n than_o ambassador_n themselves_o and_o yet_o by_o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o that_o which_o be_v less_o credible_a to_o that_o which_o be_v more_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v what_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v to_o ambassador_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a sallust_n speak_v of_o bomilcar_n who_o come_v to_o rome_n as_o a_o assistant_n in_o the_o embassage_n but_o be_v find_v stir_v up_o the_o citizen_n to_o rebellion_n say_v thus_o fit_a reus_fw-la magis_fw-la ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la bonoque_fw-la quam_fw-la ex_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la he_o be_v make_v guilty_a rather_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n than_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n where_o by_o aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la be_v mean_v the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o require_v that_o he_o that_o do_v evil_a shall_v suffer_v for_o it_o be_v find_v but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n except_v from_o this_o general_a rule_n ambassador_n and_o such_o as_o like_o they_o come_v upon_o the_o security_n of_o the_o public_a faith_n wherefore_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o ambassador_n shall_v be_v hold_v guilty_a as_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v which_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n our_o conjecture_n also_o may_v be_v thus_o guide_v most_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o ambassador_n be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o what_o be_v due_a unto_o other_o by_o common_a right_n but_o in_o case_n they_o be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v secure_v than_o whilst_o they_o live_v regular_o what_o have_v they_o more_o than_o other_o beside_o the_o benefit_n that_o
be_v about_o word_n only_o which_o a_o philosopher_n shall_v principal_o avoid_v for_o as_o he_o that_o write_v to_o herennius_n true_o note_n vitiosum_fw-la est_fw-la controversiam_fw-la intendere_fw-la propter_fw-la nominum_fw-la mutationem_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o to_o heighten_v controversy_n about_o the_o change_n of_o name_n be_v vicious_a and_o as_o st_n augustine_n argue_v against_o the_o academic_n turpe_fw-la est_fw-la disputationibus_fw-la in_o verborum_fw-la quaestione_fw-la immorari_fw-la cùm_fw-la certamen_fw-la nullum_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la remanserit_fw-la it_o be_v absurd_a to_o contest_v about_o word_n only_o when_o there_o remain_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o about_o thing_n xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n but_o the_o pardon_v of_o offence_n after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a seem_v to_o be_v more_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o integrity_n of_o a_o prince_n because_o he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n bind_v up_o by_o his_o own_o law_n which_o be_v true_a as_o the_o lawmaker_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o city_n and_o as_o so_o only_o consider_v but_o not_o as_o he_o sustain_v the_o authority_n 12._o vid._n sup_v c._n 4._o sect._n 12._o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o as_o such_o he_o may_v take_v away_o even_o the_o whole_a law_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o humane_a law_n be_v such_o that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o institution_n only_o but_o of_o its_o continuation_n they_o humane_a law_n alterable_a by_o he_o that_o make_v they_o but_o in_o case_n he_o do_v subvert_v or_o take_v away_o any_o law_n without_o some_o probable_a reason_n or_o cause_n he_o sin_n against_o the_o rule_n of_o polity_n but_o as_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o whole_a law_n so_o also_o may_v he_o take_v away_o the_o condemn_a power_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a fact_n the_o same_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n as_o to_o other_o by_o the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o as_o lactantius_n observe_v when_o he_o institute_v law_n for_o man_n do_v not_o intend_v to_o deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n of_o pardon_v such_o as_o shall_v offend_v against_o those_o law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o revoke_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n and_o to_o absolve_v a_o person_n though_o condemn_v to_o die_v say_v st_n augustine_n whereof_o he_o add_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n quia_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la subjectus_fw-la legibus_fw-la qui_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la leges_fw-la far_o because_o he_o be_v not_o subject_a unto_o law_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o magistrate_n be_v one_o and_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v another_o the_o magistrate_n be_v corrupt_a if_o his_o sentence_n be_v more_o remiss_a than_o the_o law_n but_o to_o 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intrinsic_a but_o the_o cause_n exempt_n any_o man_n from_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n be_v usual_o either_o intrinsical_v or_o extrinsical_a intrinsical_a as_o when_o the_o punishment_n compare_v with_o the_o fact_n be_v severe_a if_o not_o unjust_a xxvi_o or_o extrinsical_a extrinsical_a when_o a_o man_n former_a merit_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n commend_v the_o person_n offend_v plead_v strong_o for_o his_o pardon_n or_o when_o we_o discern_v some_o extraordinary_a hope_n of_o future_a good_a in_o the_o delinquent_n but_o especial_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v at_o least_o particular_o cease_v in_o that_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v inflict_v for_o although_o the_o general_a reason_n of_o a_o law_n where_o it_o be_v not_o counterballance_v with_o a_o contrary_a reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o uphold_v the_o vigour_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o the_o fail_v even_o of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o particular_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v so_o far_o operate_v that_o the_o law_n may_v more_o easy_o and_o with_o less_o detriment_n to_o authority_n be_v dispense_v with_o as_o gratian_n prove_v by_o many_o instance_n 7._o c._n 1._o q._n 7._o and_o this_o usual_o fall_v out_o in_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v through_o ignorance_n though_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a or_o through_o infirmity_n of_o mind_n which_o haply_o may_v though_o not_o without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v overcome_v whereunto_o a_o christian_a prince_n ought_v to_o have_v some_o regard_n in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o in_o the_o jewish_a law_n do_v merciful_o provide_v that_o most_o sin_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v by_o some_o kind_n of_o sacrifice_n be_v expiate_v as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o the_o four_o and_o five_o chapter_n of_o leviticus_n and_o as_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n we_o may_v find_v confirm_v both_o by_o word_n and_o example_n wherein_o he_o declare_v how_o willing_a he_o be_v to_o pardon_v such_o sin_n to_o those_o that_o repent_v as_o luke_n 23.34_o heb._n 4.15_o 1_o tim._n 1.13_o and_o by_o those_o very_a word_n of_o christ_n father_n forgive_v they_o for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v by_o which_o word_n theodosius_n the_o emperor_n be_v so_o wrought_v upon_o that_o he_o free_o forgive_v the_o antiochian_o who_o he_o have_v purpose_v to_o destroy_v as_o st_n chrysostome_n record_v xxvii_o yea_o though_o no_o such_o exemption_n be_v tacit_o include_v in_o the_o law_n hence_o than_o we_o may_v discern_v the_o error_n of_o ferdinandus_n vasquius_fw-la who_o teach_v that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o no_o case_n to_o be_v dispense_v with_o but_o only_o to_o such_o wherein_o the_o lawmaker_n have_v he_o be_v consult_v with_o will_v have_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v not_o his_o intent_n that_o in_o that_o case_n his_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v for_o vasquius_fw-la there_o do_v not_o well_o distinguish_v between_o the_o equitable_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o relaxation_n of_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o reprove_v thomas_n and_o scotus_n for_o say_v that_o the_o law_n be_v bind_v though_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n do_v particular_o cease_v as_o if_o they_o take_v the_o law_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o bare_a letter_n which_o they_o never_o think_v but_o every_o relaxation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v either_o grant_v or_o omit_v free_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v refer_v to_o equity_n proper_o so_o call_v that_o even_o that_o relaxation_n which_o be_v due_a either_o out_o of_o charity_n or_o polity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v thither_o for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o some_o probable_a cause_n or_o upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o declare_v that_o that_o fact_n be_v not_o at_o the_o law-making_a so_o much_o as_o think_v upon_o by_o the_o maker_n of_o it_o but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o take_n away_o the_o punishment_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v their_o infliction_n xxviii_o all_o punishment_n be_v award_v according_a to_o man_n merit_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o appear_v that_o in_o punishment_n two_o thing_n be_v considerable_a first_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n second_o the_o profit_n that_o redound_v by_o the_o punishment_n as_o to_o the_o former_a nemo_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la ultra_fw-la meritum_fw-la no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v beyond_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o offence_n for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o there_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o equality_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n according_a to_o that_o of_o horace_n 15._o epist_n 15._o adsit_fw-la regula_n peccatis_fw-la quae_fw-la poenas_fw-la irroget_fw-la aequas_fw-la let_v sin_n have_v rule_n which_o equal_a pain_n require_v and_o not_o plague_v
other_o prince_n or_o state_n that_o will_v live_v in_o peace_n to_o judge_v between_o they_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v it_o better_a to_o sit_v still_o and_o to_o esteem_v whatsoever_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o that_o war_n to_o be_v just_a and_o so_o the_o prisoner_n on_o either_o side_n take_v in_o actual_a arm_n to_o be_v lawful_o take_v but_o now_o against_o those_o prisoner_n that_o have_v be_v by_o misfortune_n surprise_v through_o the_o sudden_a eruption_n of_o the_o war_n no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v allege_v for_o they_o have_v neither_o advise_v nor_o attempt_v any_o â—urt_n to_o we_o nevertheless_o to_o weaken_v the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o they_o may_v be_v entice_v to_o injure_v we_o it_o have_v be_v think_v not_o unjust_a to_o detain_v they_o during_o the_o war_n but_o the_o war_n be_v end_v there_o can_v be_v nothing_o allege_v why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v release_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v general_o consent_v unto_o by_o all_o nation_n that_o such_o prisoner_n when_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v shall_v be_v enlarge_v as_o be_v confess_v by_o both_o party_n innocent_a but_o as_o to_o other_o prisoner_n every_o man_n that_o usurp_v a_o right_a over_o they_o be_v willing_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v believe_v that_o he_o have_v just_o gain_v they_o unless_o by_o some_o precede_a agreement_n he_o be_v limit_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n neither_o captive_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o take_v in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v in_o peace_n unless_o it_o be_v so_o express_v in_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n because_o the_o conqueror_n will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o they_o which_o to_o contradict_v be_v to_o renew_v the_o war_n and_o therefore_o totilas_n in_o procopius_n charge_v pelagius_n who_o be_v send_v unto_o he_o from_o the_o roman_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o mention_v the_o release_n of_o the_o sicilian_a captive_n urge_v that_o it_o be_v not_o equitable_a that_o the_o roman_n 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freeman_n return_v so_o by_o this_o right_n in_o case_n he_o return_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o he_o may_v follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o that_o city_n whereunto_o he_o return_v as_o trophoninus_n deliver_v it_o because_o as_o the_o servant_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v free_a oughts_z first_o to_o be_v svi_fw-la juris_fw-la of_o and_o for_o himself_o that_o so_o his_o act_n may_v be_v voluntary_a so_o he_o that_o will_v be_v admit_v as_o a_o citizen_n after_o captivity_n must_v resolve_v to_o incorporate_v himself_o with_o that_o city_n and_o become_v one_o with_o it_o or_o as_o a_o member_n of_o it_o moreover_o whether_o the_o captive_n be_v retake_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n or_o whether_o he_o have_v make_v his_o escape_n by_o fraud_n it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o florentinus_n observe_v and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o if_o he_o be_v free_o dismiss_v by_o the_o enemy_n but_o what_o if_o he_o be_v sell_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n to_o another_o and_o that_o he_o thence_o escape_v into_o his_o own_o country_n this_o question_n be_v handle_v by_o seneca_n in_o his_o controversy_n concern_v the_o olynthian_o who_o parrhasius_n buy_v for_o when_o the_o decree_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o athenian_n whereby_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o olynthian_o shall_v be_v free_a he_o make_v this_o doubt_n whether_o by_o that_o decree_n it_o be_v mean_v that_o they_o may_v be_v make_v free_a or_o that_o they_o be_v adjudge_v thereby_o to_o be_v free_a which_o latter_a opinion_n be_v the_o true_a thus_o childubius_n in_o procopius_n plead_v that_o be_v return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n he_o be_v by_o the_o law_n thenceforth_o a_o free_a man_n vi_o what_o right_n he_o may_v receive_v and_o what_o not_o but_o a_o freeman_n be_v return_v home_o do_v not_o only_o recover_v his_o own_o freedom_n but_o all_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v he_o in_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n whether_o they_o be_v thing_n corporeal_a or_o incorporeal_a because_o though_o people_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n as_o they_o do_v not_o inquire_v into_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o war_n but_o take_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v to_o the_o captive_a to_o be_v just_a so_o when_o they_o see_v the_o captive_a to_o be_v at_o liberty_n they_o dispute_v not_o the_o manner_n how_o but_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o he_o be_v release_v just_o whereby_o they_o show_v themselves_o indifferent_a to_o both_o party_n wherefore_o he_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n be_v possess_v of_o a_o captive_n have_v not_o a_o absolute_a and_o indubitable_a right_n unto_o all_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o he_o for_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o his_o right_n may_v surcease_v without_o or_o against_o his_o will_n that_o if_o the_o prisoner_n can_v make_v his_o escape_n and_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n for_o then_o just_a so_o as_o he_o lose_v his_o right_n to_o the_o man_n do_v he_o lose_v his_o title_n to_o those_o good_n which_o be_v he_o but_o what_o if_o those_o good_n be_v alienate_v whether_o shall_v he_o that_o derive_v his_o title_n to_o they_o from_o he_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n the_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v defend_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o shall_v the_o same_o thing_n so_o alienate_v be_v recover_v those_o good_n i_o mean_v that_o be_v extant_a among_o such_o people_n as_o stand_v neuter_n in_o the_o war._n here_o then_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v return_v by_o postliminy_n and_o such_o as_o be_v uncapable_a of_o this_o right_n the_o difference_n whereof_o we_o shall_v present_o explain_v that_o the_o former_a may_v appear_v to_o be_v alienate_v during_o their_o cause_n only_o and_o under_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o person_n be_v still_o hold_v in_o custody_n these_o latter_a simple_o and_o absolute_o by_o thing_n alienate_v i_o understand_v even_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v give_v or_o receive_v vii_o all_o right_n against_o he_o be_v restore_v as_o he_o that_o return_v home_o have_v a_o right_a unto_o all_o thing_n by_o the_o law_n that_o be_v he_o before_o he_o be_v take_v so_o be_v the_o law_n in_o force_n against_o he_o as_o full_o as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n viii_o why_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o 〈◊〉_d right_o but_o unto_o this_o rule_n as_o it_o concern_v such_o as_o be_v freeman_n paulus_n allow_v of_o this_o exception_n postliminio_fw-la carent_fw-la qui_fw-la armis_fw-la victi_fw-la hostibus_fw-la se_fw-la dederant_fw-la they_o that_o be_v conquer_v by_o arm_n have_v yield_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o will_n of_o their_o enemy_n have_v no_o benefit_n by_o their_o return_n home_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o all_o agreement_n with_o enemy_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n to_o be_v observe_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o neither_o be_v this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n to_o be_v admit_v against_o those_o agreement_n and_o therefore_o those_o roman_n in_o gellius_n 〈…〉_o lib._n 7._o 〈…〉_o who_o be_v take_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o send_v back_o to_o rome_n to_o procure_v exchange_n do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o right_n of_o postliminy_n be_v not_o due_a unto_o they_o because_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n to_o return_v from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v right_o observe_v by_o paulus_n that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o a_o truce_n there_o be_v no_o right_o claim_v by_o postliminy_n yet_o modestinus_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o they_o that_o deliver_v themselves_o up_o to_o their_o enemy_n be_v bind_v by_o no_o covenant_n or_o promise_v make_v they_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o their_o freedom_n by_o postliminy_n ix_o how_o a_o people_n may_v obtain_v this_o right_n that_o which_o have_v be_v
be_v to_o be_v esteem_v beyond_o the_o thing_n page_n 162_o 163_o to_o use_v a_o man_n help_n be_v offer_v be_v lawful_a though_o to_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o it_o be_v unlawful_a page_n 446_o usurper_n who_o page_n 405_o a_o usurper_n not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o oblige_v by_o private_a man_n by_o who_o he_o may_v 64_o 65_o 66._o his_o act_n bind_v not_o a_o lawful_a king_n 180._o but_o in_o some_o case_n his_o subject_n page_n 64_o 65_o usura_fw-la &_o foenus_fw-la how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 163_o usury_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v 162._o under_o it_o what_o gain_n fall_v ibid._n concern_v it_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v 164._o what_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n ibid._n w._n war_n and_o arm_n distinguish_v pref._n vi_fw-la when_o just_o make_v pref._n xi_o to_o be_v just_o manage_v ibid._n war_n define_v 2._o prove_v lawful_a by_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n 11._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 11_o 12._o by_o right_a reason_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o human_a society_n 12._o by_o sacred_a story_n 13._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n 14._o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n not_o to_o the_o divine_a law_n ibid._n avoid_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o prevent_v some_o act_n which_o their_o religion_n allow_v not_o page_n 26_o war_n some_o lawful_a prove_v out_o of_o the_o father_n 26._o public_a private_a and_o mix_v 31._o private_a permit_v by_o moses_n 32._o after_o tribunal_n erect_v sometime_o lawful_a 31_o 32._o private_a in_o our_o own_o defence_n lawful_a 33_o 34._o solemn_a and_o less_o solemn_a ibid._n sometime_o make_v by_o inferior_a officer_n and_o whether_o such_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a or_o public_a 35._o whether_o make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o prince_n ibid._n war_n to_o make_v without_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n treason_n ibid._n solemn_a can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 35_o 36_o 452._o the_o war_n of_o manlius_n against_o the_o galatae_n caius_n caesar_n in_o germany_n octavius_n and_o decimus_n cassius_n whether_o just_a page_n 35_o 36_o war_n against_o superior_n unlawful_a 54._o without_o cause_n unjust_a 70._o civil_a worse_o than_o tyranny_n page_n 65_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a if_o we_o will_v have_v it_o prosper_v 70._o it_o have_v three_o efficient_a cause_n principal_a auxiliary_a instrumental_a 66._o it_o begin_v where_o justice_n end_v 69._o its_o pretence_n always_o just_a though_o its_o cause_n sometime_o unjust_a page_n 70_o war_n cause_v for_o wrong_n do_v or_o in_o our_o own_o defence_n just_a 70._o make_v for_o other_o natural_o lawful_a 66._o to_o repair_v damage_n or_o to_o exact_a punishment_n lawful_a 383._o for_o punishment_n only_o seldom_o just_a 385_o 386._o make_v to_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n only_o unlawful_a 76_o 77._o for_o sin_n against_o god_n whether_o lawful_a 386._o without_o cause_n suspect_v to_o be_v predatory_a 405._o the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o against_o wild_a beast_n next_o be_v that_o against_o man_n as_o brutish_a as_o beast_n page_v 384_o 385_o by_o war_n some_o thing_n gain_v be_v the_o king_n page_n 43_o 44_o war_n between_o christian_n not_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o scripture_n misunderstand_v 391._o then_o profitaable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n 412._o when_o unlawful_a though_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a 409._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 414_o 415._o undertake_v for_o religion_n or_o liberiy_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 416_o war_n make_v for_o a_o single_a subject_n not_o always_o convenient_a for_o the_o whole_a 422._o for_o the_o defence_n of_o subject_n lawful_a ibid._n for_o punishment_n seldom_o make_v by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n page_n 420_o the_o condition_n of_o war_n miserable_a page_n 421_o in_o war_n many_o change_n and_o chance_n happen_v which_o can_v be_v foresee_v page_n 418_o war_n may_v prudent_o be_v undertake_v where_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n 420_o 421._o may_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o subject_n on_o both_o side_n just_a 415._o denounce_v against_o prince_n and_o against_o all_o that_o be_v under_o his_o government_n 447._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v make_v as_o soon_o as_o denounce_v and_o in_o what_o case_n 455._o make_v by_o pirate_n or_o subject_n have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n ibid._n that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n take_v away_o that_o be_v public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o denounce_v page_n 452_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a i._n e._n not_o punishable_a 457._o its_o licence_n extend_v to_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n even_o stranger_n 458._o the_o innocent_a and_o nocent_a fare_n alike_o ibid._n its_o rage_n 459._o not_o to_o be_v wage_v but_o with_o some_o clemency_n 497_o 498._o especial_o among_o christian_n 495._o make_v against_o wall_n pillar_n house_n malicious_a page_n 512_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o thing_n so_o a_o people_n take_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n 530._o what_o be_v take_v shall_v be_v restore_v page_n 496_o a_o war_n may_v be_v mix_v in_o part_n public_a in_o part_n private_a 435._o may_v be_v make_v by_o soldier_n though_o wicked_a 431._o may_v be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o sin_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 384._o make_v to_o compel_v to_o christianity_n unlawful_a page_n 389_o war_n to_o be_v sometime_o avoid_v by_o prince_n for_o their_o subject_n sake_n 418._o make_v to_o establish_v peace_n 524_o 571._o for_o revenge_n not_o to_o exceed_v a_o just_a measure_n page_n 497_o 498_o unto_o a_o unâ—ust_a war_n none_o to_o be_v compel_v page_n 187_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v for_o friend_n and_o associate_n 424._o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n 425._o for_o any_o man_n page_v 424_o war_n then_o just_a when_o necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v our_o last_o remedy_n page_n 452_o wedlock_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o matrimony_n page_n 112_o of_o weight_n or_o measure_n to_o exact_v more_o or_o less_o than_o be_v contract_v for_o be_v theft_n page_n 160_o a_o wife_n may_v rocover_v from_o her_o husband_n what_o she_o lend_v he_o if_o thereby_o he_o be_v enrich_v 147._o she_o may_v claim_v the_o estate_n if_o buy_v with_o her_o money_n ibid._n she_o have_v power_n over_o her_o husband_n body_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n page_n 109_o wife_n many_o to_o have_v at_o once_o lawful_a of_o old_a ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forsake_v they_o ibid._n in_o favour_n to_o they_o divorce_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n ibid._n wild_a beast_n how_o possess_v 135._o by_o the_o german_n give_v to_o their_o prince_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n ibid._n in_o private_a wood_n enclose_v be_v possess_v ibid._n whether_o the_o dominion_n be_v lose_v with_o the_o possession_n ibid._n and_o fish_n who_o they_o be_v 81._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 135_o will_n what_o have_v no_o know_a cause_n we_o refer_v to_o god_n will_v page_n 390_o the_o will_n in_o some_o case_n punishable_a 374._o natural_o mutable_a 379_o 380._o of_o the_o dead_a a_o law_n page_n 122_o the_o more_o of_o the_o will_v the_o great_a the_o sin_n ibid._n the_o will_n be_v move_v by_o thing_n real_o or_o imaginable_o good_a page_n 379_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a create_v a_o right_a page_n 122_o the_o will_v express_v by_o some_o outward_a sign_n create_v a_o guilt_n and_o make_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n page_n 383_o the_o will_n to_o show_v she_o own_o freedom_n act_v sometime_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n page_n 419_o 420_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n by_o constraint_n fool_n for_o delight_n page_n 421_o wisdom_n chief_a part_n be_v to_o direct_v ourselves_o in_o doubtful_a case_n the_o next_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o other_o of_o great_a learning_n and_o experience_n page_n 411_o 412_o wolf_n peace_n with_o sheep_n upon_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o dog_n page_n 423_o woman_n captive_n how_v favour_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n 464._o they_o have_v no_o guard_n for_o their_o chastity_n 482._o their_o child_n slave_n bear_v ibid._n woman_n succeed_v in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v patrimonial_a 127._o how_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 504._o their_o empire_n unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n page_n 144_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 504_o word_n signify_v by_o consent_n but_o thing_n and_o act_n not_o so_o 438._o in_o league_n take_v as_o vulgary_o understand_v page_n 190_o 191_o wreck_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n or_o peoples_n unjust_a page_n 121_o write_n be_v but_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n page_n 199_o in_o a_o write_n if_o two_o clause_n clash_n and_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v incline_v ibid._n if_o its_o part_n can_v be_v reconcile_v the_o latter_a derogate_v from_o the_o former_a page_n 191_o wrong_n on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a page_n 70_o x._o xenophon_n institution_n of_o cyrus_n page_n 4_o xerxes_n his_o contest_v with_o artabazanes_n for_o the_o kingdom_n page_n 132_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o page_n 183_o y._n yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o what_o it_o signify_v page_n 174_o z._n of_o zeal_n the_o judgement_n page_n 369_o in_o zealand_n the_o vassal_n pay_v tribute_n for_o their_o common_a field_n to_o the_o state_n whereunto_o every_o man_n contribute_v his_o proportion_n page_n 138_o zeleucus_n his_o law_n concern_v such_o as_o drink_v wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o their_o physician_n page_n 4_o zopyrus_n another_o sinon_n betray_v babylon_n to_o darius_n perfidious_o page_v 569_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n
deus_fw-la where_o the_o right_a be_v not_o god_n be_v not_o many_o such_o like_a say_n we_o find_v in_o procopius_n as_o that_o of_o belisarius_n upon_o his_o expedition_n into_o africa_n where_o he_o tell_v his_o army_n that_o valour_n never_o get_v the_o victory_n unless_o accompany_v with_o justice_n and_o in_o another_o speech_n of_o he_o before_o the_o battle_n fight_v near_o carthage_n we_o appeal_v say_v he_o to_o god_n for_o witness_n the_o small_a atom_n of_o who_o power_n be_v able_a to_o overbalance_n all_o humane_a strength_n he_o as_o we_o believe_v weigh_v just_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n will_v give_v success_n to_o this_o battle_n that_o be_v due_a to_o both_o party_n the_o truth_n of_o which_o say_v the_o admirable_a event_n of_o that_o fight_n do_v present_o after_o undoubted_o prove_v thus_o likewise_o totilas_n bespeak_v his_o goth_n it_o can_v be_v say_v he_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v i_o say_v that_o they_o that_o use_v violence_n and_o injustice_n shall_v gain_v honour_n in_o battle_n sed_fw-la prout_fw-la vita_fw-la cuique_fw-la est_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o ita_fw-la ei_fw-la obtingit_fw-la belli_fw-la fortuna_fw-la but_o according_a to_o every_o man_n life_n so_o be_v his_o fortune_n in_o the_o war._n it_o be_v therefore_o well_o advise_v by_o agathias_n injustice_n and_o the_o contempt_n of_o god_n be_v at_o all_o time_n to_o be_v abhor_v as_o dangerous_a but_o then_o most_o when_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o battle_n we_o the_o good_a success_n of_o wicked_a design_n shall_v not_o discourage_v we_o neither_o shall_v any_o man_n be_v discourage_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o some_o wicked_a design_n for_o it_o suffice_v that_o the_o righteousness_n of_o the_o cause_n have_v a_o very_a great_a efficacy_n to_o excite_v valour_n and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n although_o that_o power_n as_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o in_o humane_a affair_n be_v sometime_o hinder_v and_o frustrate_v in_o its_o effect_n by_o the_o intervention_n or_o opposition_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n beside_o the_o opinion_n that_o man_n have_v that_o the_o war_n be_v neither_o rash_o begin_v nor_o unjust_o manage_v be_v very_o prevalent_a to_o contract_v friendship_n whereby_o as_o private_a man_n so_o nation_n and_o kingdom_n reap_v infinite_a advantage_n for_o no_o man_n will_v willing_o associate_v himself_o with_o those_o friend_n the_o justice_n of_o our_o cause_n sometime_o beget_v friend_n who_o have_v no_o regard_n to_o justice_n to_o piety_n to_o fidelity_n now_o upon_o the_o reason_n above_o recite_v conclude_v with_o myself_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a law_n common_a among_o nation_n guide_v they_o as_o well_o to_o as_o in_o the_o war_n work_n the_o author_n motive_n to_o undertake_v this_o work_n i_o have_v many_o and_o those_o very_a weighty_a motive_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o compile_v this_o treatise_n of_o it_o for_o i_o very_o well_o see_v throughout_o the_o christian_a world_n so_o great_a a_o licence_n of_o make_v war_n and_o of_o run_v into_o arm_n upon_o every_o light_a cause_n and_o sometime_o upon_o none_o at_o all_o that_o even_o the_o barbarian_n will_v have_v be_v ashamed_a to_o have_v own_v it_o war_n 1._o a_o general_a licence_n in_o make_v war_n and_o also_o that_o arm_n be_v once_o take_v up_o there_o be_v no_o reverence_n at_o all_o have_v to_o law_n either_o divine_a or_o humane_a but_o just_a as_o if_o some_o fury_n have_v be_v send_v out_o to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v restraint_n and_o in_o manage_v it_o without_o restraint_n so_o war_n be_v begin_v a_o general_a licence_n be_v grant_v to_o work_v all_o manner_n of_o mischief_n whatsoever_o the_o consideration_n of_o which_o barbarous_a cruelty_n give_v occasion_n to_o many_o man_n not_o evil_a to_o teach_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o christian_a who_o religion_n principal_o consist_v in_o promote_a love_n and_o charity_n among_o all_o man_n to_o take_v arm_n with_o who_o ferus_fw-la and_o our_o countryman_n erasmus_n seem_v sometime_o to_o accord_v both_o of_o they_o be_v great_a lover_n of_o peace_n ferus_fw-la erasmus_n &_o jo._n ferus_fw-la ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a but_o as_o i_o suppose_v with_o that_o intent_n only_o as_o we_o usual_o have_v when_o we_o bend_v a_o stick_n in_o itself_o crooked_a so_o far_o to_o the_o other_o side_n as_o may_v probable_o upon_o its_o return_n make_v it_o straight_o but_o this_o very_a design_n of_o too_o much_o contradiction_n be_v so_o far_o from_o do_v good_a that_o it_o do_v much_o hurt_v because_o that_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v that_o their_o urge_n of_o these_o thing_n too_o far_o do_v detract_v from_o their_o authority_n in_o other_o thing_n though_o haply_o true_a we_o ought_v therefore_o to_o moderate_v between_o these_o two_o as_o well_o that_o all_o thing_n may_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v lawful_a in_o war_n as_o that_o nothing_o moreover_o another_o design_n i_o have_v namely_o law_n 2._o motive_n to_o promote_v learning_n especial_o in_o the_o law_n that_o be_v unworthy_o banish_v my_o own_o country_n which_o with_o so_o many_o of_o my_o labour_n i_o have_v honour_v i_o may_v promote_v now_o by_o my_o private_a study_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n which_o heretofore_o i_o practise_v in_o public_a office_n with_o as_o much_o integrity_n as_o i_o possible_o can_v many_o have_v endeavour_v heretofore_o to_o reduce_v this_o into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o art_n but_o none_o as_o yet_o have_v do_v it_o neither_o indeed_o can_v it_o be_v do_v unless_o what_o no_o man_n have_v yet_o take_v sufficient_a care_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v establish_v by_o humane_a authority_n be_v right_o separate_v from_o those_o that_o be_v natural_a for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v always_o the_o same_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v into_o a_o art_n but_o those_o that_o arise_v by_o constitution_n see_v that_o they_o be_v both_o often_o change_v and_o be_v also_o diverse_a in_o diverse_a nation_n be_v put_v without_o art_n as_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v singular_a but_o if_o the_o doctor_n of_o true_a justice_n will_v but_o undertake_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o part_n of_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a jurisprudence_n set_v aside_o what_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n so_o that_o one_o will_v treat_v of_o law_n another_o of_o tribute_n another_o of_o the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n another_o of_o the_o conjecture_n of_o will_n and_o another_o of_o the_o proof_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n then_o by_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o these_o part_n a_o body_n may_v be_v compose_v but_o what_o method_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o use_v method_n the_o author_n method_n we_o have_v show_v rather_o in_o deed_n than_o word_n in_o this_o treatise_n which_o contain_v that_o part_n of_o jurisprudence_n which_o be_v by_o far_o the_o most_o noble_a for_o in_o the_o first_o book_n book_n the_o subject_a of_o the_o first_o book_n have_v discover_v the_o original_a of_o right_n we_o have_v handle_v this_o general_a question_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o war_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o next_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o public_a and_o private_a war_n may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o discover_v we_o think_v fit_a to_o explain_v the_o just_a right_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n what_o people_n may_v have_v it_o and_o what_o king_n and_o which_o of_o these_o have_v it_o either_o full_o or_o in_o part_n only_o and_o again_o which_o of_o they_o may_v have_v it_o with_o a_o power_n of_o alienation_n and_o which_o otherwise_o and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o lawful_a prince_n or_o to_o their_o superior_n our_o second_o book_n second_o of_o the_o second_o undertake_v to_o expound_v all_o the_o cause_n from_o whence_o a_o war_n may_v arise_v show_v at_o large_a what_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o what_o private_a what_o right_a person_n may_v have_v over_o person_n what_o obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n by_o what_o rule_n kingly_a succession_n be_v guide_v what_o right_o arise_v from_o covenant_n and_o contract_n what_o interpretation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o league_n what_o force_n and_o what_o interpretation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o oath_n both_o public_a and_o private_a what_o may_v be_v due_a for_o damage_n do_v what_o sanctimony_n be_v due_a to_o ambassador_n what_o right_o to_o bury_v the_o dead_a and_o what_o the_o nature_n of_o punishment_n be_v and_o the_o like_a our_o three_o book_n treat_v of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o war_n lawful_a three_o of_o the_o three_o and_o have_v distinguish_v between_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a or_o that_o which_o among_o foreign_a nation_n be_v defend_v as_o lawful_a and_o between_o that_o which_o be_v altogether_o blameless_a descend_v
mark_n mark_v ch._n 6_o ver._n 45_o he_o constrain_v his_o disciple_n p_o 390_o mark_n ver._n 48_o make_v as_o if_o he_o will_v have_v go_v p_o 439_o mark_n ch._n 14_o ver._n 21_o it_o have_v be_v better_a p_o 366_o luck_n luke_n ch._n 2_o ver._n 1_o all_o the_o world_n p_o 407_o luke_n ch._n 3_o ver._n 14_o be_v content_n with_o your_o wage_n p_o 23_o 53_o luke_n ch._n 13_o ver._n 33_o a_o prophet_n perish_v out_o of_o jerusalem_n p_o 48_o luke_n ch._n 14_o ver._n 23_o compel_v they_o to_o come_v in_o p_o 390_o luke_n ch._n 17_o ver._n 3_o forgive_v if_o he_o repent_v p_o 371_o luke_n ch._n 18_o ver._n 7_o 8_o shall_v not_o god_n revenge_v p_o 33_o luke_n ch._n 22_o ver._n 30_o destroy_v this_o temple_n p_o 441_o luke_n ver._n 36_o buy_v a_o sword_n p_o 33_o luke_n ch._n 24_o ver._n 28_o make_v as_o if_o he_o will_v have_v go_v p_o 438_o john_n john_n ch._n 4_o ver._n 9_o water_n of_o the_o woman_n of_o samaria_n p_o 185_o john_n ch._n 8_o ver._n 7_o cast_v the_o first_o stone_n p_o 363_o john_n ch._n 11_o ver._n 11_o lazarus_n sleep_v p_o 440_o john_n ch._n 33_o ver._n 21_o destroy_v this_o temple_n p_o 441_o john_n ch._n 18_o ver._n 8.9_o suffer_v these_o to_o go_v p_o 33_o john_n ver._n 36_o my_o kingdom_n be_v not_o of_o this_o p_o 408_o acts._n act_n ch._n 10_o ver._n 2_o cornelius_n p_o 8_o act_n ch._n 13_o ver._n 2_o sergius_n paulus_n p_o 20_o act_n ch._n 16_o ver._n 3_o paul_n circumcise_v timothy_n and_o why_o p_o 439_o act_n ch._n 17_o ver._n 4_o pious_a grecian_n p_o 8_o act_n ch._n 25_o ver._n 11_o i_o refuse_v not_o to_o die_v p_o 21_o act_n ch._n 26_o king_n agrippa_n p_o 18_o act_n ch._n 28_o ver._n 18_o they_o find_v no_o cause_n of_o death_n in_o i_o p_o 20_o roman_n rom._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 14_o by_o nature_n the_o thing_n of_o the_o law_n p_o 9_o rom._n ch._n 3_o ver._n 27_o the_o law_n of_o work_n p_o 17_o rom._n ch._n 5_o ver._n 12_o judge_v those_o that_o be_v without_o p_o 408_o rom._n ch._n 7_o ver._n 12_o the_o law_n be_v holy_a and_o just_a p_o 10_o rom._n ver._n 14_o spiritual_n law_n p_o 17_o 18_o rom._n ch._n 10_o ver._n 5_o the_o law_n lead_v unto_o christ_n p_o 10_o rom._n ch._n 12_o ver._n 19_o avenge_v not_o yourselves_o p_o 31_o 33_o rom._n ch._n 13_o ver._n 1_o let_v every_o soul_n p_o 18_o 24_o 59_o rom._n ver._n 2_o subject_n not_o resist_v p_o 55_o rom._n ver._n 4_o for_o conscience_n sake_n p_o 33_o rom._n ver._n 5_o he_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n etc._n etc._n ib._n rom._n ver._n 6_o tribute_n p_o 20_o rom._n ch._n 14_o ver._n 23_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n p_o 411_o 1_o corinthian_n 1_o cor._n ch._n 4._o ver._n 6_o p_o 439_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o christian_n not_o to_o go_v to_o law_n p_o 21_o 1_o cor._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 17_o all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a p_o 456_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 10_o who_o without_o repentance_n p_o 49_o 1_o cor._n ch._n 7_o ver._n 21_o servant_n be_v content_a p_o 407_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 25_o no_o commandment_n from_o the_o lord_n p_o 109_o 1_o cor._n ver._n 36_o virgin_n not_o to_o choose_v for_o themselves_o p_o 107_o 1_o cor._n ch._n 11_o ver._n 14_o man_n not_o to_o wear_v long_a hair_n p_o 165_o 2_o corinthian_n 2_o cor._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 20_o yea_o and_o amen_n p_o 174_o 2_o cor._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 14_o what_o fellowship_n have_v christ_n with_o belial_n p_o 186_o 2_o cor._n ch._n 10_o ver._n 34_o the_o weapon_n of_o our_o warfare_n p_o 24_o 2_o cor._n ch._n 12_o ver._n 14_o but_o parent_n for_o their_o child_n p_o 124_o galatian_n gal._n ch._n 3_o ver._n 25_o the_o law_n be_v our_o guide_n p_o 10_o gal._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 1_o the_o pupil_n during_o nonage_n p_o 89_o gal._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 5_o servant_n not_o to_o fly_v p_o 116_o ephesian_n eph._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 3_o by_o nature_n child_n of_o wrath_n p_o 165_o eph._n ver._n 14_o the_o partition_n wall_n p_o 9_o 20_o eph._n ch._n 6_o ver._n 12_o wrestle_v not_o against_o flesh_n p_o 24_o philippian_n phil._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 8_o all_o honesty_n and_o virtue_n p_o 21_o colossian_n colos_n ch._n 3_o ver._n 22_o servant_n to_o please_v their_o master_n p_o 117_o 1_o thessalonian_o 1_o thess_n ch._n 1_o ver._n 15_o equal_o yoke_v with_o unbeliever_n p_o 186_o 1_o timothy_n 1_o tim._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 1_o 2_o 3_o prayer_n for_o king_n p_o 17_o 1_o tim._n ch._n 5_o ver._n 3_o 17_o to_o honour_n be_v to_o do_v good_a p_o 170_o titus_n tit._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 9_o servant_n not_o to_o fly_v from_o their_o master_n p_o 116_o 117_o hebrew_n heb._n ch._n 4_o ver._n 17_o by_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v lie_v p_o 168_o heb._n ch._n 7_o ver._n 4_o the_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n p_o 468_o heb._n ver._n 16_o the_o law_n of_o a_o carnal_a commandment_n p_o 17_o heb._n ver._n 19_o the_o law_n imperfect_a p_o 10_o heb._n ch._n 8_o ver._n 7_o have_v the_o first_o covenant_n be_v blameless_a ibid._n heb._n ch._n 11_o ver._n 6_o religion_n a_o access_n unto_o god_n p_o 388_o heb._n ver._n 34_o by_o faith_n p_o 13_o james_n james_n ch._n 4_o ver._n 1_o whence_o come_v war._n p_o 24_o james_n ch._n 5_o ver._n 12_o above_o all_o thing_n swear_v not_o p_o 174_o 1_o peter_n 1_o pet._n ch._n 2_o ver._n 1_o to_o king_n as_o supreme_a to_o magistrate_n as_o subordinate_a p_o 58_o 59_o 1_o pet._n ver._n 17_o 18_o honour_n the_o king_n servant_n be_v subject_a p_o 57_o 1_o john_n 1_o john_n ch._n 2_o ver._n 16_o the_o lust_n of_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o eye_n p_o 379_o 1_o john_n ch._n 3_o ver._n 16_o lay_v down_o our_o life_n for_o our_o brethren_n p_o 34_o 1_o john_n ch._n 5_o ver._n 16_o sin_n unto_o death_n p_o 366_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o author_n of_o this_o translation_n be_v by_o profession_n a_o divine_a eminent_a for_o learning_n and_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o civil_a law_n he_o be_v a_o great_a admirer_n of_o the_o work_n of_o hugo_n grotius_n anâ—_n value_v he_o particular_o upon_o this_o treatise_n of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n wherein_o find_v matter_n fit_a for_o a_o general_a communication_n he_o think_v it_o well_o worth_a his_o time_n to_o translate_v it_o be_v the_o labour_n or_o rather_o pastime_n of_o the_o last_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o life_n to_o perfect_v it_o which_o he_o intend_v to_o print_v during_o his_o life_n and_o so_o we_o find_v it_o in_o his_o study_n after_o his_o death_n and_o although_o it_o add_v nothing_o to_o the_o value_n of_o his_o estate_n yet_o we_o to_o who_o he_o commit_v the_o care_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n think_v it_o our_o duty_n to_o make_v this_o public_a believe_v it_o will_v prove_v a_o more_o durable_a monument_n to_o preserve_v his_o memory_n than_o any_o other_o we_o can_v raise_v unto_o he_o while_o it_o be_v in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v a_o jewel_n but_o hide_v from_o vulgar_a capacity_n it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o jewel_n now_o it_o be_v make_v intelligible_a to_o every_o capacity_n we_o shall_v not_o enlarge_v this_o epistle_n in_o praise_n either_o of_o the_o work_n or_o the_o author_n the_o translation_n be_v sufficient_a for_o both_o if_o thou_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o read_v it_o john_n nelham_n thomas_n whitfield_n nou._n 1681._o hugh_n grotius_n of_o the_o right_n of_o peace_n &_o war_n book_n i._n chap._n i._n what_o war_n be_v and_o what_o right_o be_v i._o the_o order_n of_o the_o whole_a treatise_n ii_o the_o definition_n of_o war_n and_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n bellum_n iii_o right_n as_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o action_n define_v and_o divide_v into_o that_o which_o concern_v governor_n and_o that_o which_o concern_v equal_n iu._n right_o take_v for_o a_o quality_n divide_v into_o faculty_n and_o aptitude_n or_o fitness_n v._o faculty_n strict_o take_v divide_v into_o power_n dominion_n and_o credit_n vi_o another_o division_n of_o faculty_n into_o that_o which_o be_v vulgar_a and_o that_o which_o be_v high_a and_o eminent_a vii_o aptitude_n what_o viii_o of_o expletive_a and_o attributive_a justice_n not_o right_o distinguish_v by_o geometrical_a and_o arithmetical_a proportion_n nor_o in_o that_o this_o be_v conversant_a about_o thing_n common_a that_o about_o thing_n private_a ix_o right_o as_o take_v for_o a_o law_n how_o define_v and_o divide_v into_o natural_a and_o voluntary_a x._o the_o law_n of_o nature_n define_v divide_v and_o distinguish_v from_o such_o as_o be_v not_o proper_o so_o call_v xi_o that_o natural_a instinct_n either_o common_a with_o other_o live_a creature_n or_o
and_o not_o to_o declare_v that_o the_o other_o be_v not_o free_a by_o superior_a we_o understand_v not_o in_o power_n for_o he_o have_v say_v before_o that_o a_o free_a nation_n shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o another_o but_o in_o authority_n and_o dignity_n which_o the_o word_n follow_v by_o a_o very_a fit_a simile_n do_v clear_o illustrate_v other_o some_o nation_n be_v equal_a in_o liberty_n though_o not_o in_o dignity_n with_o other_o for_o as_o we_o know_v our_o client_n to_o be_v free_a though_o neither_o in_o dignity_n nor_o in_o authority_n nor_o in_o all_o right_a our_o equal_n so_o they_o that_o be_v oblige_v faithful_o to_o uphold_v our_o majesty_n be_v notwithstanding_o to_o be_v understand_v our_o equal_n in_o liberty_n client_n be_v free_a though_o under_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o patron_n or_o advocate_n so_o be_v a_o inferior_a people_n free_a though_o in_o league_n with_o a_o people_n superior_a unto_o they_o in_o dignity_n for_o they_o may_v be_v under_o their_o protection_n though_o not_o under_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o sylla_n speak_v in_o appian_n a_o example_n we_o have_v in_o the_o dilimnite_n mithridat_n ap._n mithridat_n who_o as_o agathias_n tell_v we_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d free_a to_o live_v by_o their_o own_o lawâ—_n though_o they_o serve_v the_o persian_a in_o his_o war_n this_o be_v the_o design_n of_o the_o empress_n irene_n so_o to_o divide_v the_o empire_n among_o the_o son_n of_o her_o husband_n that_o the_o young_a son_n shall_v be_v inferior_a to_o the_o elder_a in_o dignity_n but_o otherwise_o they_o shall_v be_v independent_a and_o absolute_a in_o power_n 2._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 2._o cicero_n speak_v of_o that_o golden_a age_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n say_v patrocinium_fw-la sociorum_fw-la penes_fw-la eos_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la imperium_fw-la the_o roman_n give_v protection_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n but_o claim_v no_o dominion_n over_o they_o 26._o liv._o l._n 26._o with_o who_o agree_v that_o of_o scipio_n africanus_n the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v rather_o oblige_v their_o neighbour_n unto_o they_o by_o courtesy_n than_o by_o fear_n and_o to_o win_v foreign_a nation_n unto_o they_o by_o faith_n and_o friendship_n than_o to_o subject_v they_o to_o a_o ungrateful_a bondage_n and_o what_o strabo_n report_v of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n after_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o greece_n say_v they_o enjoy_v their_o own_o freedom_n contribute_v nothing_o unto_o the_o roman_n but_o the_o mutual_a office_n of_o love_n and_o friendship_n as_o private_a protection_n take_v not_o away_o personal_a liberty_n protection_n protection_n so_o neither_o do_v public_a take_v away_o civil_a which_o without_o sovereign_a power_n can_v consist_v and_o therefore_o livy_n wise_o oppose_v to_o be_v under_o protection_n unto_o to_o be_v under_o jurisdiction_n augustus_n caesar_n as_o josephus_n relate_v threaten_v syllaeus_n king_n of_o arabia_n that_o if_o he_o abstain_v not_o from_o injure_v his_o neighbour_n he_o will_v quick_o make_v he_o of_o a_o friend_n a_o subject_a which_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n who_o be_v under_o the_o romanâ—urisdiction_n â—urisdiction_z retain_v only_o the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o not_o the_o power_n as_o do_v also_o the_o king_n of_o cyprus_n and_o some_o other_o though_o in_o name_n king_n yet_o be_v they_o subject_n to_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n as_o diodorus_n call_v they_o but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v object_v what_o proculus_n add_v confederate_n lib._n 16._o four_o kind_n of_o difference_n usual_o arise_v between_o confederate_n but_o some_o who_o belong_v to_o our_o confederate_a city_n be_v with_o we_o find_v guilty_a who_o be_v condemn_v we_o may_v punish_v but_o that_o we_o may_v understand_v these_o word_n we_o must_v know_v that_o there_o be_v four_o kind_n of_o difference_n that_o usual_o arise_v among_o confederate_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n or_o state_n under_o protection_n be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o league_n second_o if_o the_o king_n or_o state_n themselves_o be_v accuse_v three_o if_o the_o associate_n that_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o same_o king_n do_v quarrel_n one_o with_o another_o last_o if_o subject_n complain_v of_o injury_n do_v they_o by_o those_o under_o who_o jurisdiction_n they_o be_v if_o the_o controversy_n be_v of_o the_o first_o kind_n the_o king_n or_o state_n be_v oblige_v either_o to_o punish_v or_o to_o deliver_v up_o the_o offender_n to_o the_o person_n injure_v and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v not_o only_o between_o unequal_a confederate_n but_o between_o equal_n even_o between_o such_o as_o be_v not_o link_v together_o by_o any_o league_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v anon_o nay_o far_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o endeavour_v that_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v to_o the_o injure_a person_n which_o in_o rome_n be_v call_v the_o recuperator_n office_n for_o the_o law_n say_v aelius_n gallus_n in_o festus_n do_v determine_v between_o king_n and_o people_n nation_n and_o foreign_a city_n how_o thing_n by_o the_o recuperator_n may_v be_v restore_v and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v receive_v and_o how_o private_a man_n case_n may_v be_v prosecute_v in_o each_o nation_n for_o one_o of_o the_o confederate_n can_v have_v no_o right_n direct_o to_o apprehend_v or_o to_o punish_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o other_o confederate_n and_o therefore_o decius_n magius_n a_o campane_n be_v apprehend_v and_o bind_v by_o hannibal_n and_o so_o convey_v to_o cyrene_n and_o from_o thence_o send_v to_o alexandria_n plead_v that_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o hannibal_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o league_n whereupon_o he_o be_v present_o set_v at_o liberty_n as_o to_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o controversy_n one_o of_o the_o king_n or_o people_n confederate_a have_v power_n to_o compel_v the_o other_o to_o keep_v the_o article_n of_o the_o league_n and_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n to_o punish_v he_o but_o neither_o be_v this_o peculiar_a to_o a_o league_n that_o be_v unequal_a but_o may_v be_v do_v in_o one_o that_o be_v equal_a for_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o justify_v any_o man_n for_o seek_v a_o revenge_n against_o he_o that_o have_v wrong_v he_o that_o he_o be_v not_o subject_a unto_o he_o as_o shall_v be_v prove_v anon_o wherefore_o this_o be_v also_o in_o force_n even_o among_o such_o people_n as_o be_v not_o confederated_a the_o three_o sort_n of_o controversy_n be_v among_o such_o as_o be_v equal_o confederated_a and_o these_o be_v usual_o refer_v to_o a_o diet_n or_o convention_n of_o the_o state_n associate_v yet_o not_o therein_o concern_v for_o so_o the_o greek_n the_o latin_n and_o the_o german_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v or_o otherwise_o refer_v to_o arbiter_n or_o even_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n as_o to_o a_o common_a arbiter_n so_o in_o a_o unequal_a league_n it_o be_v usual_o agree_v 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and_o as_o a_o king_n and_o when_o hannibal_n be_v accuse_v at_o rome_n by_o some_o carthaginian_n for_o stir_v up_o sedition_n among_o the_o citizen_n 9_o val._n max._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o pol._n lib._n 1._o c._n 9_o scipio_n tell_v the_o senate_n that_o it_o do_v not_o become_v they_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o that_o which_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o city_n of_o carthage_n and_o herein_o it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n put_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o society_n and_o a_o city_n for_o it_o concern_v confederate_a society_n to_o take_v care_n that_o no_o injury_n be_v commit_v against_o they_o but_o not_o that_o the_o citizen_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o confederate_n do_v not_o injure_v one_o another_o but_o here_o again_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o in_o unequal_a league_n he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v sometime_o say_v to_o command_v and_o he_o that_o be_v inferior_a to_o obey_v
but_o neither_o shall_v this_o move_v we_o for_o this_o be_v when_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n concern_v either_o the_o common_a good_a of_o both_o party_n confederate_a or_o the_o private_a profit_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o that_o league_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n of_o common_a concernment_n 11.22_o dan._n 11.22_o the_o assembly_n not_o sit_v he_o that_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n though_o it_o be_v a_o equal_a league_n do_v usual_o command_v his_o associate_n as_o agamemnon_n in_o the_o trojan_a expedition_n do_v the_o grecian_a prince_n and_o as_o afterward_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v the_o grecian_n and_o after_o they_o the_o athenian_n thucydides_n in_o that_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o corinthian_n say_v it_o very_o well_o become_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n in_o private_a matter_n to_o deal_v equal_o but_o in_o public_a to_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o solicitous_a isocrates_n commend_v that_o excellent_a conduct_n of_o the_o ancient_a athenian_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o their_o social_a war_n say_v that_o they_o take_v care_n for_o all_o without_o entrench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o allow_v they_o to_o command_v but_o not_o to_o domineer_v it_o be_v well_o worth_a our_o observation_n that_o what_o the_o latin_n express_v by_o the_o word_n imperare_fw-la to_o command_v the_o greek_n more_o modest_o express_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o dispose_v or_o set_v in_o order_n the_o athenian_n to_o who_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o persian_n be_v commit_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v thucydides_n do_v order_v which_o city_n shall_v contribute_v money_n and_o which_o ship_n and_o they_o that_o be_v send_v from_o rome_n into_o greece_n 24._o plinii_n ep_v lib._n 8._o c._n 24._o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o the_o free_a city_n now_o if_o he_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a party_n in_o a_o equal_a league_n do_v thus_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o he_o that_o in_o a_o unequal_a league_n be_v superior_a in_o honour_n and_o dignity_n do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o word_n imperium_fw-la that_o be_v empire_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o signify_v only_o a_o ordinance_n and_o appointment_n equal_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a do_v not_o at_o all_o imply_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o other_o liberty_n 37._o livy_n l._n 37._o the_o rhodian_o in_o their_o oration_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o the_o grecians_n be_v wont_a to_o defend_v their_o empire_n with_o their_o own_o force_n but_o their_o empire_n where_o now_o it_o be_v they_o wish_v that_o it_o may_v remain_v for_o ever_o they_o be_v now_o well_o content_v to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n with_o your_o arm_n 15._o lib._n 15._o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o do_v it_o with_o their_o own_o so_o diodorus_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o take_n of_o the_o cadmean_a fort_n by_o the_o theban_n many_o of_o the_o grecian_a city_n meet_v and_o agree_v among_o themselves_o that_o every_o city_n in_o greece_n shall_v enjoy_v its_o own_o freedom_n yet_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o athenian_n and_o yet_o dion_n prusaeensis_n speak_v of_o those_o very_a athenian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n say_v that_o have_v at_o that_o time_n lose_v their_o command_n in_o the_o war_n they_o retain_v only_o their_o own_o liberty_n so_o those_o people_n which_o caesar_n reckon_v to_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o suevian_o he_o by_o and_o by_o call_v his_o confederate_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o appertain_v to_o his_o own_o particular_a profit_n the_o request_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v usual_o take_v for_o command_n not_o that_o they_o be_v so_o indeed_o but_o that_o they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o usual_a effect_n equivalent_a to_o command_n for_o he_o need_v no_o force_n who_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v fear_v armatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la regum_fw-la praeces_fw-la the_o request_n of_o king_n have_v the_o same_o power_n as_o command_n and_o a_o denial_n how_o just_a soever_o shall_v be_v by_o they_o as_o ill_o digest_v as_o a_o injury_n it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o say_v livy_n before_o caius_n posthumius_fw-la that_o any_o consul_n be_v either_o chargeable_a or_o burdensome_a to_o our_o associate_n in_o any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o be_v our_o magistrate_n supply_v abundant_o with_o mule_n pavilion_n and_o all_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o require_v they_o from_o our_o associate_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o sometime_o so_o fall_v out_o subjection_n the_o weak_a associate_n sometime_o reduce_v unto_o subjection_n that_o if_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v much_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n he_o may_v by_o degree_n at_o length_n usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o they_o especial_o if_o the_o league_n be_v perpetual_a and_o that_o he_o have_v thereby_o a_o right_a to_o place_v garrison_n in_o any_o of_o their_o strong_a town_n as_o the_o athenian_n sometime_o do_v when_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v appeal_v unto_o from_o their_o associate_n 34._o hal._n l._n 6._o livy_n l._n 34._o which_o by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v never_o do_v wherefore_o isocrates_n equal_v the_o government_n that_o the_o athenian_n exercise_v in_o those_o day_n over_o their_o associate_n with_o that_o of_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n so_o the_o latin_n in_o livy_n complain_v against_o the_o roman_n that_o under_o the_o specious_a title_n of_o be_v associate_n in_o war_n they_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o mere_a subjection_n which_o society_n in_o arm_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aratus_n call_v a_o gentle_a slavery_n 4._o hist_o 4._o so_o festus_n rufus_n in_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o rhodian_o at_o first_o they_o live_v in_o great_a freedom_n till_o afterward_o the_o roman_n gentle_o urge_v they_o they_o be_v bring_v by_o little_a and_o little_a into_o a_o habit_n of_o subjection_n so_o the_o aetolian_n likewise_o complain_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o leave_v they_o but_o the_o bare_a shadow_n and_o empty_a name_n of_o liberty_n so_o likewise_o afterward_o the_o achaian_n complain_n that_o they_o have_v indeed_o a_o league_n in_o appearance_n but_o be_v at_o length_n bring_v into_o a_o precarious_a servitude_n the_o like_a complaint_n civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la in_o tacitus_n make_v against_o the_o same_o roman_n that_o they_o use_v they_o not_o as_o former_o like_o companion_n but_o usurp_v and_o insult_v over_o they_o as_o mere_a slave_n and_o in_o another_o place_n they_o false_o call_v that_o peace_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o a_o miserable_a slavery_n thus_o eumenes_n also_o in_o livy_n concern_v the_o confederate_n of_o the_o rhodian_o that_o they_o be_v their_o associate_n in_o name_n but_o their_o vassal_n indeed_o thus_o also_o magnetes_n in_o polybius_n say_v that_o demetrias_n be_v in_o show_n free_a but_o in_o effect_v all_o thing_n be_v do_v there_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o thessalian_n likewise_o be_v in_o appearance_n free_a but_o indeed_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o macedonian_n as_o the_o same_o polybius_n testify_v now_o when_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o so_o do_v as_o by_o patient_a endurance_n they_o may_v by_o mistake_n be_v say_v to_o be_v right_o do_v whereof_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o discourse_v more_o full_o then_o either_o of_o companion_n they_o be_v make_v subject_n or_o certain_o there_o must_v be_v a_o partition_n of_o the_o supremacy_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o may_v sometime_o happen_v xxii_o of_o such_o as_o pay_v tribute_n they_o that_o pay_v any_o thing_n either_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o wrong_n past_a or_o to_o be_v protect_v against_o injury_n to_o come_v be_v by_o thucydides_n call_v tributary_n associate_n such_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o of_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n after_o the_o time_n of_o m._n anthony_n free_a though_o under_o a_o certain_a tribute_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o that_o reign_v so_o have_v supreme_a power_n within_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o have_v a_o full_a right_a to_o punish_v delinquent_n according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o m._n anthony_n defend_v king_n herod_n be_v accuse_v for_o murder_a aristobulus_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o right_a to_o call_v a_o king_n to_o a_o account_n for_o what_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n for_o if_o so_o he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n for_o common_a equity_n require_v that_o they_o that_o give_v he_o that_o honour_n shall_v permit_v he_o the_o free_a use_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v appendent_a unto_o it_o so_o
si_fw-la alitus_fw-la sit_fw-la ferendus_fw-la est_fw-la either_o not_o to_o nourish_v a_o lion_n or_o be_v nourish_v not_o to_o provoke_v he_o it_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a difficult_a case_n and_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o strong_a debate_n whether_o peace_n or_o liberty_n be_v most_o acceptable_a eligible_a whether_o peace_n or_o liberty_n be_v most_o eligible_a cicero_n make_v this_o question_n the_o most_o difficult_a of_o all_o other_o in_o the_o politic_n to_o be_v resolve_v whether_o our_o country_n be_v oppress_v by_o tyranny_n we_o may_v attempt_v to_o redeem_v it_o although_o with_o the_o danger_n of_o its_o desolation_n but_o it_o be_v not_o for_o private_a man_n to_o determine_v what_o the_o common_a judgement_n of_o the_o people_n will_v be_v in_o this_o case_n but_o this_o we_o abominate_a as_o be_v gross_o unjust_a to_o make_v our_o country_n liberty_n a_o cloak_n for_o our_o own_o ambition_n and_o to_o pretend_v to_o deliver_v she_o when_o we_o intend_v to_o enslave_v she_o sylla_n be_v demand_v 1_o app._n civit._n 1_o why_o he_o march_v into_o his_o own_o country_n so_o strong_o arm_v answer_v ut_fw-la eam_fw-la à _fw-la tyrannis_fw-la liberem_fw-la to_o deliver_v it_o from_o tyrant_n when_o he_o that_o pretend_v so_o to_o do_v be_v himself_o the_o great_a tyrant_n major_n plut._n catent_n major_n so_o antiochus_n bring_v a_o mighty_a army_n into_o greece_n allege_v that_o he_o come_v to_o set_v greece_n at_o liberty_n when_o indeed_o it_o want_v none_o his_o pretence_n be_v liberty_n but_o his_o intent_n tyranny_n crudelitatem_fw-la damnat_fw-la &_o crudelitatem_fw-la init_fw-la by_o condemn_v tyranny_n he_o trapan_n they_o into_o it_o commotion_n cicero_n ep._n fam._n l._n 1._o no_o alteration_n of_o government_n without_o violent_a commotion_n it_o be_v much_o better_a counsel_n that_o plato_n give_v to_o perdiccas_n which_o plato_n thus_o render_v that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v no_o more_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o he_o can_v justify_v to_o his_o subject_n for_o that_o nothing_o savour_v of_o force_n or_o violence_n shall_v be_v obtrude_v upon_o either_o our_o parent_n or_o our_o country_n to_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o sallust_n though_o thou_o can_v govern_v thy_o country_n or_o thy_o parent_n by_o force_n and_o correct_v at_o thy_o pleasure_n every_o small_a offence_n yet_o will_v it_o seem_v harsh_a and_o troublesome_a especial_o consider_v that_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v permanent_a jug_n bello_fw-la jug_n nor_o any_o mutation_n of_o government_n without_o violent_a commotion_n war_n rapine_n and_o such_o like_a act_n of_o hostility_n not_o much_o different_a from_o this_o be_v that_o of_o statius_n in_o plutarch_n brut._n vita_fw-la brut._n it_o become_v not_o a_o wise_a or_o a_o prudent_a man_n to_o endanger_v himself_o in_o popular_a tumult_n among_o either_o fool_n or_o knave_n whereunto_o we_o may_v also_o not_o impertinent_o refer_v that_o of_o st._n ambrose_n commendable_a to_o 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3.15_o judg._n 3.15_o that_o god_n raise_v up_o ehud_n to_o deliver_v israel_n what_o ehud_n do_v be_v do_v by_o the_o special_a warrant_n of_o god_n himself_o neither_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o king_n of_o the_o moabite_n have_v by_o agreement_n no_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n 9.27_o nehem._n 9.27_o for_o god_n we_o read_v do_v execute_v his_o judgement_n even_o against_o other_o king_n by_o such_o instrument_n as_o he_o himself_o be_v please_v to_o raise_v up_o to_o that_o purpose_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v by_o jehu_n against_o joram_n 2_o kin._n 9_o xx._n no_o private_a man_n to_o be_v judge_n in_o this_o case_n but_o it_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v note_v that_o no_o private_a person_n ought_v to_o determine_v controversy_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o shall_v rather_o obey_v the_o present_a possessor_n as_o christ_n command_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o caesar_n 22.20_o caesar_n mat._n 22.20_o because_o his_o image_n make_v the_o money_n currant_n which_o be_v a_o convince_a argument_n that_o he_o be_v in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o that_o time_n for_o the_o coin_n of_o money_n be_v ever_o the_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o empire_n chap._n v._o who_o may_v lawful_o make_v war._n i._o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o war_n be_v either_o the_o principal_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n ii_o or_o in_o the_o cause_n of_o another_o iii_o or_o instrumental_a as_o servant_n and_o subject_n iv_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n none_o be_v prohibit_v from_o war._n i._o the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n as_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n so_o in_o action_n that_o be_v voluntary_a there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o cause_n efficient_a that_o be_v to_o say_v principal_a auxiliary_a and_o instrumental_a the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n in_o a_o war_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o who_o the_o quarrel_n be_v in_o a_o private_a war_n any_o private_a person_n in_o a_o public_a he_o that_o have_v the_o public_a power_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v supreme_a whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o not_o make_v war_n shall_v be_v discuss_v hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o natural_o every_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o revenge_v his_o own_o quarrel_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n be_v hand_n give_v unto_o we_o ii_o auxiliary_a neither_o have_v we_o a_o right_a to_o vindicate_v our_o own_o quarrel_n only_o but_o we_o may_v both_o lawful_o and_o laudable_o improve_v our_o right_n to_o the_o vindication_n of_o other_o man_n also_o they_o that_o treat_v of_o office_n say_v true_o altero_fw-la nihil_fw-la utilius_fw-la homini_fw-la homine_fw-la altero_fw-la that_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o usuful_a and_o profitable_a unto_o man_n as_o another_z man_n there_o be_v several_a obligation_n wherein_o we_o stand_v bind_v to_o one_o another_o for_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n for_o kinsman_n do_v usual_o combine_v to_o help_v one_o another_o so_o one_o neighbour_n be_v oppress_v invoke_v the_o help_n of_o another_o so_o also_o do_v citizen_n the_o aid_n of_o their_o fellow-citizen_n aristotle_n think_v it_o a_o duty_n incumbent_n to_o every_o man_n to_o assume_v arm_n either_o to_o defend_v himself_o in_o case_n a_o injury_n be_v offer_v he_o or_o to_o assist_v his_o kinsman_n his_o benefactor_n or_o his_o companion_n in_o case_n of_o oppression_n and_o in_o solon_n esteem_n that_o be_v the_o best_a commonwealth_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v as_o sensible_a of_o injury_n offer_v to_o another_o menander_n it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o menander_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v offer_v to_o themselves_o admodum_fw-la â—â—juriarum_fw-la si_fw-la improbis_fw-la auctoribus_fw-la reponeremus_fw-la ultionem_fw-la singuli_fw-la nâ—bâ—_n puâ—antes_fw-la fieri_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la alteri_fw-la inter_fw-la nos_fw-la juncti_fw-la conspiratis_fw-la viribus_fw-la non_fw-la praevaleret_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la impetus_fw-la audax_fw-la malorum_fw-la qui_fw-la custoditi_fw-la undique_fw-la jussique_fw-la poenas_fw-la quas_fw-la merentur_fw-la peâ—â—â—e_fw-la aut_fw-la nulli_fw-la penitus_fw-la essent_fw-la aut_fw-la paâ—ci_fw-la admodum_fw-la hence_o be_v that_o of_o plautus_n praetorquete_fw-la injuriae_fw-la prius_fw-la collum_n quam_fw-la ad_fw-la vos_fw-la perveniat_fw-la break_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o injury_n before_o it_o come_v at_o we_o but_o though_o all_o other_o obligation_n shall_v fail_v yet_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o we_o be_v link_v together_o in_o the_o common_a stock_n of_o humanity_n for_o ab_fw-la homine_fw-la nihil_fw-la humani_fw-la alienum_fw-la nothing_o that_o be_v incident_a to_o humane_a nature_n shall_v be_v to_o any_o man_n strange_a democritus_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n incumbent_n upon_o every_o man_n so_o far_o as_o he_o be_v able_a to_o succour_v all_o that_o be_v oppress_v with_o wrong_n and_o not_o at_o all_o to_o neglect_v it_o for_o this_o say_v he_o be_v both_o just_a and_o honest_a which_o lactantius_n thus_o express_v god_n say_v he_o who_o deny_v to_o all_o
complain_v in_o the_o life_n of_o malchus_n 1._o malchus_n 4_o vid._n c._n sâ—scepimus_fw-la de_fw-fr homicide_n voluntario_fw-la &_o canon_n de_fw-mi his_o dist_n 1._o after_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n begin_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o christian_a prince_n she_o grow_v outward_o indeed_o more_o splendid_a but_o inward_o less_o virtuous_a fourteen_o whether_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v permit_v only_o or_o approve_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o intersection_n it_o be_v question_v by_o some_o whether_o the_o law_n at_o least_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o it_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n in_o such_o case_n wherein_o it_o suffer_v a_o private_a person_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n do_v so_o far_o legitimate_a the_o fact_n as_o to_o make_v it_o altogether_o blameless_a but_o this_o i_o can_v grant_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o law_n itself_o have_v not_o the_o power_n of_o death_n over_o all_o its_o subject_n for_o every_o offence_n but_o for_o such_o crime_n only_o as_o 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dwindle_v to_o nothing_o wherefore_o when_o the_o law_n licentiate_n a_o man_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o rather_o tolerate_v than_o approve_v of_o the_o fact_n and_o that_o it_o acquit_v he_o only_o of_o the_o punishment_n but_o not_o that_o it_o give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o do_v it_o xv._o single_a combat_n when_o lawful_a from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v we_o may_v collect_v that_o in_o two_o case_n single_a combat_n may_v be_v undertake_v by_o private_a man_n without_o sin_n in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o the_o challenger_n shall_v grant_v his_o adversary_n a_o licence_n to_o sight_n and_o otherwise_o threaten_v to_o kill_v he_o immediate_o in_o case_n he_o refuse_v in_o the_o next_o place_n when_o a_o king_n or_o a_o magistrate_n shall_v give_v licence_n to_o two_o malefactor_n equal_o deserve_v death_n to_o try_v it_o out_o by_o combat_n whether_o of_o they_o shall_v live_v and_o he_o that_o do_v so_o do_v not_o so_o right_o 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for_o his_o injustice_n but_o he_o that_o defend_v himself_o only_o gather_v courage_n from_o a_o good_a conscience_n and_o fortify_v his_o hope_n in_o this_o that_o he_o do_v not_o infer_v a_o injury_n but_o repel_v one_o now_o in_o a_o private_a war_n this_o right_n of_o kill_v another_o be_v but_o momentany_a and_o determine_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o public_a war_n which_o begin_v not_o till_o justice_n and_o judgement_n cease_v there_o this_o right_n last_v long_o be_v foment_v and_o perpetuate_v by_o such_o accident_n damage_n and_o wrong_n as_o be_v every_o day_n renew_v in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war._n beside_o in_o a_o private_a war_n we_o have_v scarce_o any_o other_o end_n than_o our_o own_o defence_n but_o the_o supreme_a power_n have_v a_o right_n not_o only_o to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o to_o be_v avenge_v on_o other_o whence_o it_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o they_o not_o only_o to_o resist_v certain_a and_o present_a danger_n but_o to_o prevent_v such_o as_o seem_v to_o threaten_v afar_o off_o not_o direct_o for_o that_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v injustice_n but_o indirect_o by_o revenge_v such_o wrong_n as_o be_v already_o begin_v although_o not_o â—uâ—ly_o consummate_v concern_v which_o we_o shall_v have_v cause_n to_o speak_v anon_o xvii_o when_o only_o to_o curb_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n unlawful_a neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o that_o which_o some_o author_n do_v affirm_v for_o truth_n namely_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o a_o just_a war_n to_o suppress_v the_o overswell_a power_n of_o some_o ambitious_a prince_n who_o if_o let_v alone_o may_v exceed_o annoy_v we_o that_o in_o our_o ordinary_a council_n of_o war_n 14._o alb._n gent._n lib._n 1._o c._n 14._o this_o usual_o come_v in_o debate_n i_o grant_v but_o not_o so_o much_o under_o this_o notion_n because_o it_o be_v just_o but_o as_o it_o be_v profitable_a so_o that_o in_o case_n the_o war_n for_o other_o cause_n be_v just_a for_o this_o cause_n it_o may_v prudential_o be_v undertake_v and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o the_o author_n before_o cite_v do_v in_o effect_n say_v but_o from_o a_o mere_a possibility_n that_o we_o may_v hereafter_o suffer_v wrong_a to_o conclude_v a_o present_a right_n or_o a_o necessity_n of_o do_v wrong_n will_v prove_v no_o good_a inference_n in_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n divis_fw-la bal._n lib._n 3._o the_o rer_n divis_fw-la for_o all_o humane_a affair_n be_v obnoxius_fw-la to_o so_o many_o contingency_n that_o no_o security_n can_v be_v expect_v in_o this_o life_n against_o all_o uncertain_a and_o ignote_n danger_n our_o safety_n consist_v not_o in_o our_o arm_n but_o in_o our_o innoxious_a prudence_n co_fw-la operate_n with_o the_o divine_a providence_n xviii_o defence_n in_o such_o as_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o war_n unlawful_a nor_o less_o unsatisfied_a be_o i_o with_o 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etc._n etc._n 19_o thus_o do_v hezekiah_n who_o for_o break_v the_o league_n which_o his_o ancestor_n have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n be_v threaten_v with_o war_n confess_v his_o fault_n and_o promise_v to_o pay_v whatsoever_o the_o say_a king_n shall_v impose_v upon_o he_o which_o be_v do_v when_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v afterward_o invade_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n trust_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o make_v his_o defence_n and_o have_v the_o most_o high_a god_n for_o his_o protector_n pontius_n samnis_n after_o he_o have_v make_v restitution_n to_o the_o roman_n of_o their_o good_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n plead_v thus_o with_o they_o we_o have_v i_o hope_v appease_v the_o just_a wrath_n of_o heaven_n against_o we_o for_o our_o breach_n of_o the_o league_n and_o be_o
confident_a that_o the_o same_o incense_a deity_n who_o have_v constrain_v i_o to_o make_v full_a restitution_n of_o whatsoever_o we_o have_v former_o take_v away_o from_o the_o roman_n will_v also_o plague_v the_o roman_n for_o despise_v the_o expiation_n we_o offer_v for_o the_o breach_n of_o so_o insolent_a a_o league_n and_o by_o and_o by_o after_o what_o more_o o_o you_o roman_n do_v i_o owe_v to_o you_o or_o to_o your_o league_n or_o to_o the_o god_n that_o be_v the_o impartial_a arbiter_n of_o league_n to_o who_o shall_v i_o appeal_v who_o will_v you_o accept_v of_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o your_o anger_n and_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o my_o suffering_n i_o refuse_v no_o people_n no_o person_n so_o when_o the_o theban_n have_v offer_v to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n all_o the_o satisfaction_n that_o in_o equity_n they_o can_v require_v and_o be_v by_o they_o reject_v aristides_n tell_v they_o that_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o war_n be_v thereby_o translate_v from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n to_o the_o theban_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o the_o swisser_n who_o in_o revenge_n for_o a_o load_n of_o sheepskin_n take_v from_o a_o merchant_n of_o they_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o romont_n have_v spoil_v his_o country_n do_v afterward_o be_v threaten_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n offer_v to_o restore_v all_o they_o have_v take_v from_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o to_o give_v what_o further_a satisfaction_n the_o say_a duke_n shall_v require_v the_o refusal_n of_o which_o offer_n cost_v the_o duke_n his_o life_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o almost_o all_o his_o jewel_n and_o treasure_n as_o comines_n testify_v 1._o lib._n 5._o ch_n 1._o chap._n ii_o of_o such_o thing_n wherein_o man_n have_v a_o right_n in_o common_a i._o the_o division_n of_o that_o which_o we_o call_v we_o ii_o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o propriety_n iii_o that_o some_o thing_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o propriety_n as_o the_o sea_n take_v universal_o or_o as_o to_o its_o principal_a part_n and_o why_o iu_o place_n â—ot_n inhabit_a be_v the_o first_o occupier_n unless_o in_o the_o generality_n it_o belong_v to_o some_o one_o people_n v._o that_o beast_n bird_n and_o fish_n be_v the_o first_o occupier_n unless_o by_o some_o law_n restrain_v vi_o that_o there_o remain_v a_o right_a in_o common_a to_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n proper_o our_o own_o in_o time_n of_o necessity_n and_o whence_o this_o arise_v vii_o but_o not_o in_o case_n that_o necessity_n be_v otherwise_o avoidable_o viii_o nor_o if_o there_o be_v the_o like_a necessity_n in_o the_o possessor_n ix_o the_o thing_n so_o use_v to_o be_v restore_v as_o soon_o as_o we_o be_v able_a x._o a_o example_n of_o this_o right_n in_o war._n xi_o in_o thing_n proper_o we_o there_o may_v be_v a_o common_a right_n if_o those_o thing_n bring_v profit_n unto_o other_o without_o any_o detriment_n to_o ourselves_o xii_o hence_o arise_v a_o right_a in_o common_a to_o a_o run_a water_n which_o if_o not_o use_v be_v lose_v xiii_o that_o there_o be_v a_o right_a to_o pass_v either_o by_o land_n or_o through_o river_n this_o explain_v fourteen_o whether_o tax_n or_o toll_n may_v be_v impose_v on_o merchandise_n carry_v from_o place_n to_o place_n xv._o that_o there_o be_v a_o right_a to_o stay_v or_o sojourn_v in_o any_o place_n for_o a_o while_n xvi_o that_o there_o be_v a_o right_n of_o habitation_n appertain_v to_o such_o as_o be_v banish_v their_o own_o country_n submit_v to_o the_o present_a government_n xvii_o a_o right_a to_o inhabit_v desert_a place_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v xviii_o a_o right_n to_o such_o act_n or_o thing_n without_o which_o man_n can_v convenient_o live_v xix_o a_o right_a to_o buy_v thing_n necessary_a xx._n but_o not_o to_o sell_v their_o commodity_n xxi_o a_o right_a to_o contract_v marriage_n explain_v xxii_o a_o right_a to_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v permit_v to_o all_o stranger_n promiscuous_o xxiii_o which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o not_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v permit_v out_o of_o grace_n and_o favour_n only_o xxiv_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o people_n to_o contract_n with_o another_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o sell_v their_o commodity_n to_o any_o other_o nation_n but_o themselves_o only_o i._o the_o division_n of_o what_o we_o call_v we_o that_o war_n may_v be_v undertake_v for_o injury_n not_o do_v we_o have_v see_v prove_v now_o it_o follow_v that_o according_a to_o the_o order_n we_o propose_v we_o discourse_v of_o the_o second_o branch_n of_o the_o cause_n justify_v a_o war_n namely_o for_o injury_n actual_o do_v and_o herein_o first_o of_o injury_n do_v against_o that_o which_o be_v we_o now_o of_o that_o which_o be_v we_o some_o thing_n be_v we_o by_o a_o right_n common_a with_o all_o mankind_n and_o some_o thing_n be_v we_o in_o our_o own_o particular_a right_n we_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o which_o be_v we_o in_o common_a with_o other_o this_o common_a right_n be_v either_o direct_o in_o some_o corporeal_a thing_n or_o to_o some_o acts._n thing_n corporeal_a be_v either_o such_o as_o do_v admit_v of_o no_o propriety_n or_o such_o as_o proper_o belong_v to_o some_o person_n of_o thing_n whereof_o there_o be_v as_o yet_o no_o propriety_n some_o there_o be_v that_o can_v be_v impropriate_v and_o some_o there_o be_v that_o may_v now_o that_o this_o may_v be_v right_o understand_v we_o must_v search_v into_o the_o rise_n or_o beginning_n of_o propriety_n which_o lawyer_n call_v dominion_n ii_o the_o original_n and_o growth_n of_o propriety_n almighty_a god_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v create_v the_o world_n do_v immediate_o confer_v a_o right_n general_o to_o all_o mankind_n in_o thing_n of_o this_o inferior_a nature_n and_o so_o again_o when_o he_o have_v renew_v the_o world_n after_o the_o flood_n as_o may_v be_v see_v gen._n 1.29_o 30._o and_o gen._n 9.2_o 30.9.2_o gen._n 1.29_o 30.9.2_o all_o thing_n at_o first_o say_v justin_n be_v promiscuous_o common_a and_o undivided_a to_o all_o and_o as_o it_o be_v one_o entire_a patrimony_n bequeath_v unto_o all_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o every_o man_n do_v catch_v whatsoever_o he_o will_v to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o consume_v what_o can_v be_v consume_v and_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o this_o universal_a right_n be_v then_o instead_o of_o propriety_n for_o whatsoever_o any_o man_n do_v thus_o catch_v unto_o himself_o no_o man_n can_v take_v from_o he_o without_o injury_n this_o may_v be_v very_o fit_o illustrate_v by_o that_o simile_n which_o we_o find_v in_o cicero_n concern_v a_o theatre_n 3._o de_fw-fr sâ—â—ibus_fw-la l._n 3._o which_o we_o know_v be_v a_o public_a place_n and_o common_a to_o all_o that_o come_v yet_o may_v that_o particular_a place_n which_o i_o possess_v be_v right_o call_v i_o there_o be_v seat_n that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o roman_a knight_n but_o that_o among_o they_o be_v my_o own_o 12._o de_fw-fr benefic_n l._n 7._o c._n 12._o say_v seneca_n which_o i_o actual_o possess_v which_o state_n of_o thing_n may_v very_o well_o have_v last_v have_v man_n either_o persist_v in_o the_o same_o inoffensive_a simplicity_n or_o can_v they_o have_v embrace_v each_o other_o with_o the_o same_o mutual_a endearment_n of_o charity_n a_o experiment_n of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v in_o some_o people_n of_o america_n thing_n a_o community_n of_o all_o thing_n who_o have_v continue_v in_o that_o happy_a communion_n for_o many_o age_n with_o admirable_a simplicity_n and_o for_o those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o like_a communion_n through_o charity_n we_o have_v the_o like_a precedent_n in_o the_o esseni_fw-la and_o in_o the_o primitive_a christian_n at_o jerusalem_n and_o their_o follower_n the_o pythagorean_n laert._n gell._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o ad_fw-la finem_fw-la porphyr_n diog._n laert._n and_o now_o also_o in_o not_o a_o few_o who_o lead_n live_v pure_o monastical_a the_o nakedness_n wherein_o 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enna_n say_v livy_n be_v detain_v either_o by_o fraud_n or_o out_o of_o pure_a necessity_n for_o whatsoever_o here_o do_v in_o the_o small_a degree_n decline_v from_o necessity_n be_v injury_n the_o grecian_n that_o stand_v in_o great_a danger_n for_o want_n of_o ship_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o xenophon_n 5._o de_fw-fr exped_a cyri_n lib._n 5._o seize_v such_o as_o pass_v by_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o good_n be_v preserve_v entire_a for_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o seaman_n well_o feed_v and_o pay_v the_o first_o right_o therefore_o that_o since_o propriety_n be_v introduce_v plead_v for_o exemption_n be_v this_o of_o necessity_n xi_o in_o case_n of_o innocent_a profit_n the_o next_o be_v that_o of_o innocent_a profit_n what_o shall_v hinder_v we_o say_v cicero_n 4._o cicero_n de_fw-fr off_z l._n 1._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 4._o from_o communicate_v with_o other_o when_o we_o may_v do_v it_o without_o any_o detriment_n to_o ourselves_o especial_o in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v profitable_a to_o those_o that_o receive_v they_o and_o not_o damagable_a to_o we_o that_o give_v they_o seneca_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o this_o to_o be_v a_o courtesy_n to_o kindle_v a_o coal_n at_o our_o fire_n or_o to_o light_v a_o torch_n or_o a_o candle_n by_o we_o plutarch_n account_v it_o a_o act_n of_o impiety_n to_o cast_v away_o what_o we_o can_v eat_v to_o seal_v up_o a_o fountain_n when_o we_o have_v drink_v ourselves_o full_a to_o remove_v land_n or_o sea-mark_n which_o have_v be_v useful_a unto_o we_o for_o say_v he_o in_o these_o thing_n after_o that_o we_o have_v satisfy_v ourselves_o every_o man_n have_v a_o common_a right_n so_o a_o river_n as_o it_o be_v a_o river_n be_v the_o propriety_n of_o those_o people_n who_o the_o bank_n be_v or_o he_o who_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n over_o they_o in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v dam_n or_o mill_n in_o it_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v breed_v in_o that_o river_n be_v his_o but_o that_o river_n as_o it_o be_v a_o 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as_o well_o stranger_n as_o native_n xiii_o a_o right_a to_o travel_v by_o land_n or_o sea_n common_a to_o all_o thus_o both_o land_n river_n and_o such_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n in_o propriety_n aught_o to_o lie_v open_a and_o free_a to_o all_o such_o as_o have_v occasion_n to_o pass_v over_o they_o upon_o any_o just_a and_o lawful_a cause_n as_o namely_o either_o because_o be_v expel_v their_o own_o they_o seek_v after_o some_o other_o country_n that_o lie_v waste_v or_o because_o they_o desire_v to_o traffic_v with_o some_o people_n remote_a from_o they_o or_o even_o because_o they_o seek_v to_o recover_v what_o be_v their_o own_o by_o a_o just_a war_n the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o here_o as_o above_o because_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o dominion_n be_v introduce_v at_o the_o first_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o such_o thing_n shall_v remain_v in_o common_a use_n which_o may_v be_v profitable_a to_o some_o and_o not_o hurtful_a to_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o first_o author_n of_o propriety_n be_v conceive_v to_o have_v thus_o agree_v it_o a_o signal_n example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o history_n of_o moses_n numb_a 20.21_o â—â—â—1_n numb_a â—â—â—1_n who_o be_v to_o march_v through_o the_o border_n of_o the_o edomite_n and_o amorites_n offer_v these_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v travel_v only_o through_o their_o highway_n without_o trespass_v upon_o any_o private_a man_n possession_n if_o he_o have_v need_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v they_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o just_a price_n of_o it_o which_o be_v reject_v be_v ground_n sufficient_a for_o that_o war_n which_o he_o make_v against_o the_o amorites_n whence_o st._n augustin_n thus_o 20._o li._n quaest_n 4_o sup_n numb_a c._n 20._o a_o innocent_a passage_n be_v deny_v they_o which_o ought_v by_o the_o law_n of_o humanity_n to_o lie_v open_a and_o free_a to_o all_o who_o require_v it_o whereupon_o st._n augustin_n conclude_v that_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o israelite_n against_o the_o amorites_n be_v just_a hercules_n fly_v amyntor_n king_n of_o the_o orchomenian_n apollodor_n apollodor_n because_o he_o deny_v he_o a_o free_a passage_n so_o do_v the_o grecian_n make_v war_n against_o josephus_n because_o he_o refuse_v to_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o border_n of_o his_o country_n thus_o also_o do_v the_o grecian_n canidiam_fw-la scholiast_n in_o hor._n carmen_fw-la in_o canidiam_fw-la which_o be_v under_o clearchus_n plead_v we_o say_v they_o be_v travel_v towards_o our_o own_o country_n peaceable_o if_o none_o molest_v we_o but_o if_o any_o shall_v hinder_v we_o we_o will_v endeavour_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o god_n to_o force_v our_o way_n so_o likewise_o agesilaus_n return_v out_o of_o asia_n when_o he_o come_v to_o troas_n demand_v a_o ut_fw-la amicum_fw-la se_fw-la a_o ut_fw-la hostem_fw-la transire_fw-la mallent_fw-la age_n plut._n age_n whether_o they_o desire_v that_o he_o shall_v pass_v through_o their_o country_n as_o a_o friend_n or_o as_o a_o enemy_n the_o like_a demand_n be_v make_v by_o lysander_n to_o the_o boeotian_o rectis_fw-la se_fw-la hastis_fw-la se_fw-la transire_fw-la vellent_fw-la a_o inclinatis_fw-la whether_o they_o will_v have_v he_o to_o pass_v in_o a_o peaceful_a or_o in_o a_o warlike_a posture_n 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o thus_o do_v the_o batavian_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o bonnenses_n in_o tacitus_n if_o none_o oppose_v we_o our_o march_n shall_v be_v innocent_a but_o if_o we_o find_v resistance_n we_o will_v force_v our_o passage_n with_o our_o sword_n cimon_n carry_v succour_n to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n lead_v they_o through_o the_o territory_n of_o corinth_n and_o be_v blame_v by_o the_o corinthian_n ask_v leave_v to_o be_v first_o ask_v that_o he_o have_v not_o first_o acquaint_v the_o city_n with_o his_o purpose_n for_o they_o that_o knock_v at_o other_o man_n door_n say_v they_o enter_v not_o but_o by_o permission_n return_v this_o answer_n but_o you_o say_v he_o have_v not_o knock_v at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o cleonaean_n and_o of_o the_o megarense_n but_o have_v break_v they_o open_a censentes_fw-la omne_fw-la potere_fw-la debere_fw-la plus_fw-la valentibus_fw-la conceive_v that_o all_o place_n ought_v to_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o strong_a but_o the_o most_o moderate_a opinion_n be_v the_o best_a leave_v be_v first_o to_o be_v demand_v according_a to_o that_o of_o aristophanes_n whilst_o towards_o delphos_n we_o our_o army_n lead_v first_o from_o boeotian_o we_o free_a passage_n crave_v but_o if_o it_o be_v deny_v then_o may_v our_o passage_n be_v just_o force_v by_o arm_n force_v which_o if_o deny_v may_v be_v force_v when_o the_o german_n and_o the_o french_a make_v war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o for_o maranus_fw-la the_o venetian_n give_v free_a passage_n to_o they_o both_o whereof_o when_o the_o german_n complain_v they_o be_v answer_v that_o they_o can_v not_o hinder_v it_o but_o by_o arm_n which_o it_o be_v not_o their_o custom_n to_o use_v but_o against_o their_o public_a enemy_n agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n return_v out_o of_o asia_n 11._o paruta_n lib._n 11._o and_o demand_v free_a passage_n for_o his_o army_n through_o macedon_n be_v answer_v by_o the_o king_n that_o he_o will_v consult_v about_o it_o whereunto_o agesilaus_n reply_v consultet_fw-la nos_fw-la interea_fw-la intrabimus_fw-la let_v he_o consult_v and_o we_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n will_v enter_v neither_o may_v it_o be_v just_o object_v that_o the_o multitude_n of_o those_o that_o be_v to_o pass_v may_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o fear_n for_o jus_fw-la meum_fw-la metis_fw-la tuo_fw-la non_fw-la tollitur_fw-la my_o right_n be_v not_o take_v away_o by_o thy_o fear_n fear_n remedy_n against_o this_o fear_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o there_o be_v certain_a remedy_n provide_v against_o this_o fear_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v march_v
own_o safety_n by_o flight_n be_v the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n notwithstanding_o the_o charge_n give_v by_o the_o apostle_n 16_o gal._n 6.5_o tit._n 2.9_o â—_o pet._n â—_o 16_o and_o by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n forbid_v servant_n to_o flee_v from_o their_o own_o master_n because_o those_o precept_n be_v general_a and_o oppose_v only_o to_o that_o error_n which_o be_v then_o grow_v namely_o that_o deny_v all_o manner_n of_o subjection_n whether_o public_a or_o private_a as_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o christian_a liberty_n xxx_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o servitude_n beside_o that_o slavery_n which_o be_v perfect_a there_o be_v other_o imperfect_a as_o those_o that_o be_v limit_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o to_o certain_a thing_n or_o upon_o condition_n of_o such_o there_o be_v divers_a among_o the_o roman_n as_o that_o of_o their_o liberti_fw-la nexi_fw-la addicti_fw-la asscripti_fw-la glebae_fw-la statu_fw-la liberi_fw-la as_o also_o among_o the_o jew_n there_o be_v those_o that_o serve_v seven_o year_n and_o that_o bind_v themselves_o until_o the_o next_o jubilee_n and_o then_o be_v free_a and_o such_o be_v the_o penestae_n among_o the_o thessalonian_o and_o all_o mercenary_n among_o who_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v our_o apprentice_n here_o in_o england_n who_o for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o year_n be_v under_o so_o hard_a a_o discipline_n as_o do_v but_o little_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o of_o a_o servile_a condition_n and_o such_o like_a all_o which_o difference_n do_v depend_v either_o upon_o some_o law_n or_o upon_o some_o contract_n his_o servitude_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v natural_o imperfect_a who_o be_v bear_v of_o parent_n whereof_o one_o of_o they_o be_v bond_n and_o the_o other_o free_a for_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a xxxi_o public_a subjection_n by_o consent_n public_a subjection_n be_v when_o any_o one_o nation_n or_o people_n do_v give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o power_n and_o command_v of_o another_o either_o of_o one_o man_n or_o many_o or_o of_o another_o people_n or_o nation_n the_o form_n of_o such_o a_o voluntary_a rendition_n we_o have_v already_o set_v down_o in_o that_o of_o capua_n the_o like_a be_v that_o of_o the_o people_n of_o collatia_n do_v you_o give_v up_o unto_o i_o and_o unto_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n the_o collatine_n people_n with_o their_o city_n field_n water_n bound_n temple_n utensil_n with_o all_o thing_n else_o whether_o divine_a or_o humane_a we_o do_v say_v they_o and_o i_o accept_v thereof_o whereunto_o plautus_n seem_v to_o allude_v in_o his_o amphitryo_n all_o which_o the_o persian_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n this_o be_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n but_o there_o be_v some_o likewise_o that_o be_v not_o so_o full_a and_o absolute_a in_o respect_n either_o of_o their_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o or_o of_o that_o arbitrary_a power_n of_o command_n of_o the_o several_a degree_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o discourse_v 3._o lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o xxxii_o what_o right_o be_v gain_v over_o person_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o involuntary_a subjection_n when_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o delinquency_n we_o forfeit_v our_o liberty_n and_o be_v forcible_o reduce_v into_o servitude_n by_o such_o as_o have_v a_o right_a to_o punish_v we_o and_o who_o those_o be_v we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o thus_o may_v not_o only_o private_a man_n be_v bring_v into_o slavery_n as_o at_o rome_n qui_fw-la ad_fw-la dilectum_fw-la non_fw-la respondebat_fw-la he_o that_o refuse_v to_o perform_v a_o office_n be_v thereunto_o choose_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o enroll_v or_o register_v in_o the_o number_n of_o citizen_n and_o afterward_o woman_n who_o though_o otherwise_o ingenuous_a yet_o if_o they_o marry_v another_o man_n servant_n lose_v their_o own_o freedom_n but_o the_o public_a thing_n of_o a_o nation_n may_v be_v thus_o subject_v for_o some_o public_a injury_n do_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o if_o the_o state_n be_v bring_v into_o captivity_n it_o be_v perpetual_a for_o as_o in_o the_o laurel_n though_o the_o leaf_n die_v yet_o be_v the_o tree_n always_o green_a so_o though_o every_o person_n in_o that_o nation_n be_v mortal_a yet_o do_v succession_n make_v the_o people_n immortal_a but_o in_o personal_a bondage_n noxa_fw-la sequitur_fw-la caput_fw-la the_o punishment_n never_o exceed_v the_o person_n offend_v but_o both_o these_o servitude_n as_o well_o private_a as_o public_a be_v penal_a may_v be_v either_o perfect_a or_o imperfect_a according_a to_o the_o offence_n and_o punishment_n thereunto_o due_a now_o of_o that_o servitude_n whether_o private_a oâ—_n public_a that_o arise_v from_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o direful_a effect_n of_o war._n chap._n vi_o of_o that_o right_n which_o be_v derivative_o acquire_v by_o the_o voluntary_a fact_n of_o a_o man_n wherein_o be_v handle_v the_o right_n of_o alienation_n of_o empire_n and_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v i._o to_o make_v a_o alienation_n valid_a what_o be_v require_v from_o the_o giver_n ii_o what_o be_v require_v from_o the_o receiver_n iii_o that_o empire_n may_v be_v alienate_v sometime_o by_o the_o king_n sometime_o by_o the_o people_n iv_o that_o the_o government_n over_o one_o part_n of_o a_o nation_n can_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o people_n if_o that_o part_n dissent_n or_o be_v unwilling_a v._o neither_o can_v one_o part_n alienate_v the_o government_n over_o themselves_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o unavoidable_a necessity_n vi_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n of_o this_o vii_o that_o the_o empire_n over_o some_o place_n may_v be_v alienate_v viii_o that_o no_o part_n of_o a_o empire_n may_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o king_n either_o for_o profit_n or_o necessity_n ix_o under_o this_o title_n of_o alienation_n all_o feoffment_n and_o mortgage_n be_v comprehend_v x._o so_o under_o empire_n be_v all_o lesser_a jurisdiction_n which_o can_v be_v alienate_v but_o by_o the_o special_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o custom_n xi_o no_o more_o can_v the_o people_n patrimony_n be_v alienate_v by_o the_o king_n xii_o that_o the_o fruit_n and_o mean_a profit_n of_o the_o patrimony_n must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o patrimony_n itself_o xiii_o some_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n may_v be_v engage_v by_o the_o king_n for_o debt_n how_o far_o and_o why_o fourteen_o that_o a_o man_n testament_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o alienation_n and_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i._o what_o be_v requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a alienation_n hitherto_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o original_a right_n now_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o right_n which_o we_o derive_v from_o another_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o person_n that_o give_v it_o or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o warrant_v it_o for_o that_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o thing_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o assign_v their_o interest_n either_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n unto_o other_o propriety_n be_v once_o introduce_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n place_v it_o in_o the_o very_a definition_n of_o dominion_n as_o if_o that_o only_o be_v true_o and_o simple_o we_o 5._o 1_o rhet._n 5._o which_o we_o have_v a_o right_a to_o alienate_v wherein_o two_o thing_n only_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v one_o in_o the_o donor_n the_o other_o in_o the_o donee_n first_o in_o the_o donor_n the_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o will_v only_o be_v not_o sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v declare_v by_o some_o overt_a act_n as_o by_o word_n or_o some_o other_o external_a sign_n for_o of_o the_o inward_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o be_v no_o competent_a judge_n neither_o be_v it_o congruous_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v also_o a_o public_a delivery_n of_o the_o thing_n transfer_v be_v require_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v now_o receive_v by_o most_o nation_n be_v though_o improper_o say_v to_o be_v require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v require_v that_o every_o alienation_n shall_v be_v publish_v either_o before_o the_o people_n or_o before_o the_o magistrate_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v also_o record_v all_o which_o do_v certain_o proceed_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o because_o every_o alienation_n of_o a_o man_n right_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v with_o sound_a judgement_n therefore_o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n that_o be_v express_v by_o some_o overt_a sign_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o act_n of_o a_o mind_n endue_v with_o reason_n ii_o what_o in_o the_o receiver_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o receiver_n set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v natural_o requisite_a that_o he_o shall_v express_v
that_o as_o those_o alienation_n so_o these_o infeudation_n of_o kingdom_n which_o king_n have_v make_v without_o the_o people_n consent_n yea_o and_o the_o remission_n of_o homage_n too_o have_v by_o many_o people_n be_v make_v void_a now_o the_o people_n be_v say_v to_o consent_n either_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o they_o do_v meet_v to_o express_v it_o as_o the_o german_n and_o gaul_n be_v wont_a or_o when_o the_o several_a province_n do_v it_o by_o their_o deputy_n be_v thereunto_o sufficient_o authorise_v as_o in_o the_o german_a empire_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o prince_n elector_n do_v both_o by_o custom_n and_o covenant_n conclude_v all_o the_o order_n thereof_o in_o any_o alienation_n for_o whatsoever_o we_o do_v by_o another_o be_v repute_v our_o own_o act_n id_fw-la facimus_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la alium_fw-la facimus_fw-la so_o neither_o can_v any_o part_n of_o a_o empire_n be_v mortgage_v without_o the_o like_a consent_n not_o only_o because_o it_o usual_o introduce_v a_o alienation_n but_o for_o that_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o their_o subject_n to_o exercise_v the_o sovereign_a power_n by_o themselves_o and_o so_o be_v the_o people_n in_o general_a to_o their_o respective_a part_n to_o conserve_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o empire_n entire_a this_o be_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o their_o consociation_n x._o inferior_a jurisdiction_n not_o alienable_a by_o the_o king_n but_o as_o to_o other_o lesser_a civil_a function_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o people_n may_v not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n grant_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n because_o they_o do_v not_o thereby_o diminish_v the_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o empire_n yet_o can_v a_o king_n do_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n if_o we_o consine_n ourselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n because_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o temporary_a power_n such_o as_o elective_a and_o legal_o successive_a kingdom_n be_v can_v be_v but_o temporary_a yet_o may_v the_o people_n as_o well_o by_o their_o express_a consent_n as_o by_o their_o long_a continue_a silence_n give_v that_o right_n to_o their_o king_n for_o so_o the_o history_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n do_v inform_v we_o that_o their_o king_n usurp_v this_o right_a do_v ancient_o give_v away_o whole_a town_n and_o province_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o a_o perpetual_a right_n xi_o not_o the_o people_n patrimony_n that_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n be_v among_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n a_o part_n of_o the_o common_a field_n the_o fruit_n whereof_o be_v design_v for_o the_o maintenance_n either_o of_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n can_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o any_o the_o least_o part_n thereof_o be_v alienate_v by_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o state_n that_o be_v the_o clergy_n noble_n and_o commons_o because_o they_o have_v no_o right_n to_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o to_o the_o present_a profit_n no_o not_o to_o the_o small_a part_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v say_v for_o quod_fw-la meum_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la ejus_fw-la nec_fw-la exiguam_fw-la partem_fw-la alienare_fw-la mihi_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o i_o i_o can_v alienate_v the_o small_a part_n yet_o the_o people_n may_v soon_o be_v presume_v to_o consent_v by_o their_o knowledge_n and_o silence_n in_o such_o small_a matter_n than_o in_o great_a and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v presume_v in_o case_n of_o common_a profit_n or_o danger_n concern_v the_o alienation_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n if_o it_o be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a moment_n for_o that_o patrimony_n be_v at_o first_o institute_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o empire_n xii_o the_o patrimony_n to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o mean_a profit_n but_o many_o be_v deceive_v in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o right_o distinguish_v between_o the_o thing_n arise_v from_o the_o patrimony_n as_o its_o fruit_n or_o profit_n and_o the_o patrimony_n itself_o as_o for_o example_n the_o wash_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o river_n be_v patrimonial_a but_o the_o increment_n which_o the_o flood_n produce_v be_v but_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o it_o so_o the_o power_n and_o right_n of_o raise_v a_o tax_n be_v patrimonial_a but_o the_o money_n so_o raise_v be_v but_o the_o profit_n of_o that_o right_n the_o right_a to_o confiscate_v be_v patrimonial_a but_o the_o land_n confiscate_v be_v but_o the_o profit_n of_o that_o right_n xiii_o how_o far_o forth_o that_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n may_v be_v pawn_v by_o the_o king_n and_o why_o those_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n which_o be_v so_o design_v as_o aforesaid_a may_v upon_o just_a cause_n be_v pawn_v or_o mortgage_v by_o king_n that_o have_v full_a and_o absolute_a power_n that_o be_v that_o have_v power_n upon_o occasion_n to_o raise_v new_a tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n for_o as_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v such_o tax_n so_o be_v they_o likewise_o bind_v to_o satisfy_v that_o for_o which_o any_o part_n of_o their_o patrimony_n be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a pawn_v the_o redemption_n whereof_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o tribute_n for_o the_o very_a patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o pawn_n give_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o public_a debt_n and_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v thus_o pawn_v to_o i_o i_o also_o have_v a_o right_a to_o pawn_v to_o another_o yet_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v be_v of_o force_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v either_o enlarge_v or_o contract_v the_o power_n either_o of_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o people_n fourteen_o testament_n a_o kind_n of_o alienation_n this_o also_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o under_o this_o title_n of_o alienation_n we_o comprehend_v likewise_o testament_n for_o though_o testament_n as_o some_o other_o act_n also_o be_v behold_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o their_o form_n yet_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o near_o ally_v to_o dominion_n and_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o a_o man_n may_v by_o testament_n give_v away_o his_o estate_n not_o only_o full_o 7._o arist_n pol._n l._n 2._o c._n 7._o but_o under_o certain_a condition_n nor_o irrevocable_o only_a but_o with_o a_o power_n to_o revoke_v and_o yet_o he_o may_v still_o keep_v the_o possession_n of_o what_o he_o so_o give_v with_o a_o full_a right_n of_o enjoy_v it_o for_o a_o testament_n be_v a_o alienation_n of_o a_o man_n estate_n at_o his_o death_n and_o revocable_a till_o then_o and_o yet_o reserve_v in_o himself_o the_o full_a possession_n and_o absolute_a fruition_n during_o life_n 12._o quint._n pater_fw-la vide_fw-la supra_fw-la bo._n 1._o ch_n 3._o §._o 12._o and_o therefore_o solon_n in_o permit_v his_o citizen_n to_o make_v their_o testament_n make_v they_o absolute_a lord_n and_o proprietor_n of_o what_o they_o have_v sure_o our_o estate_n will_v be_v but_o burdensome_a unto_o we_o if_o the_o power_n we_o have_v in_o it_o during_o life_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o from_o we_o at_o our_o death_n abraham_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o right_n have_v he_o die_v childless_a have_v lest_o by_o his_o testament_n all_o his_o estate_n to_o eliezer_n as_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o gen._n 15.2_o and_o the_o make_n of_o testament_n be_v of_o frequent_a use_n among_o the_o hebrew_n as_o may_v appear_v deut._n 21.16_o ecclus_n 33.25_o but_o that_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o stranger_n to_o make_v their_o will_n be_v not_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o some_o country_n and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o enact_v in_o such_o a_o age_n when_o all_o stranger_n be_v account_v enemy_n and_o therefore_o among_o the_o more_o civilise_a nation_n have_v long_o since_o be_v wear_v out_o of_o use_n chap._n vii_o of_o that_o right_a that_o be_v acquire_v by_o law_n and_o of_o succession_n from_o a_o intestate_a i._o of_o the_o civil_a law_n some_o be_v unjust_a and_o therefore_o can_v transfer_v a_o right_n as_o in_o thing_n shipwrack_v ii_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n a_o right_o may_v by_o gain_v in_o thing_n take_v from_o another_o for_o a_o just_a debt_n and_o when_o iii_o how_o succession_n to_o a_o intestates_fw-la estate_n do_v natural_o arise_v iv_o whether_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n any_o part_n of_o the_o parent_n good_n be_v due_a to_o their_o child_n explain_v by_o distinction_n v._o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a prefer_v to_o the_o estate_n before_o their_o parent_n and_o why_o vi_o the_o original_a of_o representative_a succession_n vii_o of_o abdication_n and_o exheredation_n viii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o natural_a issue_n ix_o where_o be_v no_o child_n nor_o will_v nor_o certain_a law_n extant_a
it_o much_o amiss_o what_o cynus_n and_o rainerius_n have_v deliver_v unto_o we_o that_o if_o the_o emperor_n either_o by_o sickness_n or_o by_o captivity_n be_v disable_v to_o perform_v his_o duty_n it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n to_o appoint_v a_o deputy_n or_o viceroy_n in_o his_o room_n xii_o that_o the_o person_n of_o the_o heir_n succeed_v to_o the_o person_n decease_v be_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v the_o propriety_n in_o any_o thing_n either_o private_a or_o public_a be_v of_o undoubted_a right_n xiii_o but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o conqueror_n shall_v succeed_v to_o the_o conquer_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o war_n shall_v be_v explain_v chap._n x._o what_o obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n i._o the_o obligation_n to_o restore_v that_o which_o be_v another_o from_o whence_o and_o what_o manner_n of_o obligation_n it_o be_v ii_o a_o obligation_n to_o restore_v the_o profit_n of_o what_o be_v another_o this_o prove_v by_o many_o example_n iii_o he_o that_o make_v use_v of_o what_o be_v another_o think_v it_o to_o be_v his_o own_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o restitution_n if_o the_o thing_n perish_v iv_o yet_o be_v the_o same_o person_n bind_v to_o restore_v the_o fruit_n in_o be_v v._o yea_o and_o those_o that_o be_v spend_v unless_o it_o appear_v that_o otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o spend_v they_o vi_o but_o not_o those_o that_o he_o neglect_v to_o gather_v vii_o nor_o those_o that_o he_o have_v give_v away_o to_o other_o this_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n viii_o nor_o if_o he_o sell_v only_o what_o he_o buy_v explain_v by_o a_o like_a distinction_n ix_o when_o he_o that_o honest_o buy_v of_o one_o man_n what_o be_v real_o another_o may_v reserve_v the_o price_n or_o part_n of_o it_o x._o another_o man_n good_n be_v buy_v can_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o that_o sell_v they_o but_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n xi_o he_o that_o be_v possess_v of_o a_o thing_n that_o no_o man_n can_v just_o claim_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o yield_v it_o up_o to_o any_o xii_o what_o be_v receive_v be_v due_a though_o for_o some_o bad_a cause_n or_o otherwise_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v natural_o xiii_o the_o opinion_n that_o what_o consist_v in_o number_n weight_n or_o measure_n may_v be_v alienate_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n refell_v i._o restitution_n have_v thus_o sufficient_o as_o to_o our_o purpose_n unfold_v what_o right_o or_o dominion_n we_o may_v have_v over_o thing_n or_o person_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v what_o obligation_n lie_v against_o we_o upon_o this_o account_n now_o this_o arise_v either_o out_o of_o thing_n extant_a wherein_o also_o i_o include_v person_n if_o profitable_a unto_o we_o or_o out_o of_o thing_n not_o yet_o extant_a out_o of_o thing_n or_o person_n appear_v there_o natural_o arise_v this_o obligation_n that_o he_o that_o have_v in_o his_o power_n that_o which_o of_o right_a be_v i_o shall_v endeavour_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v that_o it_o may_v be_v restore_v unto_o i_o among_o other_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n this_o be_v one_o that_o thing_n find_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o right_a owner_n 22.1_o deut._n 22.1_o which_o be_v ground_v as_o well_o upon_o natural_a equity_n as_o upon_o that_o in_o deuteronomy_n where_o we_o read_v thus_o thou_o shall_v not_o see_v thy_o brother_n ox_n or_o his_o ass_n go_v astray_o and_o hide_v thyself_o from_o they_o but_o thou_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a bring_v it_o home_o again_o unto_o thy_o brother_n etc._n etc._n many_o there_o be_v say_v hierom_n who_o think_v that_o what_o they_o find_v though_o of_o another_o man_n they_o may_v keep_v without_o offence_n leu._n in_o leu._n that_o say_v deus_fw-la mihi_fw-la dedit_fw-la cvi_fw-la habeo_fw-la reddere_fw-la god_n have_v give_v it_o i_o to_o who_o shall_v i_o restore_v it_o but_o let_v they_o know_v say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n next_o to_o that_o of_o theft_n not_o to_o restore_v what_o we_o have_v so_o find_v so_o likewise_o st._n augustine_n si_fw-mi quid_fw-la invenisti_fw-la &_o non_fw-la reddidisti_fw-la rapuisti_fw-la 5._o ser._n 9_o de_fw-fr verb._n domini_fw-la grat._n c._n 14._o q._n 5._o if_o what_o thou_o have_v find_v thou_o restore_v not_o thou_o have_v rob_v thy_o neighbour_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o so_o long_o as_o a_o man_n enjoy_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o to_o belong_v to_o another_o he_o may_v be_v honest_a for_o his_o ignorance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o detention_n but_o be_v once_o convince_v of_o his_o error_n then_o if_o he_o restore_v not_o he_o may_v just_o be_v repute_v a_o usurper_n as_o for_o my_o part_n say_v bellisarius_fw-la i_o make_v but_o little_a difference_n between_o he_o that_o know_o detain_v what_o be_v another_o man_n 2._o proc._n goth._n l._n 2._o and_o he_o that_o be_v a_o thief_n or_o a_o robber_n pari_fw-la loco_fw-la habeo_fw-la res_fw-la alienas_fw-la non_fw-la reddentem_fw-la cum_fw-la raptore_fw-la yet_o do_v this_o obligation_n reach_v no_o far_o than_o as_o far_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v for_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o impossibility_n nor_o to_o restore_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v lose_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n but_o to_o declare_v his_o knowledge_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n that_o so_o if_o he_o please_v he_o may_v recover_v they_o for_o as_o there_o be_v a_o equality_n to_o be_v observe_v where_o any_o thing_n be_v hold_v in_o common_a that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o no_o less_o by_o one_o than_o another_o so_o dominion_n be_v once_o admit_v this_o be_v mutual_o agree_v on_o between_o the_o proprietor_n that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v possess_v of_o another_o man_n good_n he_o shall_v restore_v they_o to_o their_o right_a owner_n now_o if_o this_o obligation_n extend_v no_o far_a than_o to_o restore_v upon_o demand_n it_o will_v both_o too_o much_o weaken_v the_o future_a property_n and_o aggravate_v the_o charge_n of_o keep_v the_o thing_n lose_v neither_o be_v it_o in_o this_o place_n regard_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v get_v the_o possession_n of_o another_o man_n good_n honest_o or_o dishonest_o for_o there_o be_v one_o manner_n of_o obligation_n arise_v from_o the_o crime_n and_o another_o arise_v from_o the_o thing_n hold_v and_o detain_v by_o that_o crime_n the_o lacedaemonian_n think_v they_o have_v expiate_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o theban_n by_o lay_v a_o heavy_a fine_a upon_o phaebidus_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o league_n between_o they_o and_o the_o theban_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o cadmaean_a fort_n though_o they_o restore_v it_o not_o but_o as_o plutarch_n observe_v all_o grâ—â—e_n stand_v amaze_v at_o their_o injustice_n quod_fw-la cujus_fw-la facinoris_fw-la authorem_fw-la poena_fw-la affecissent_fw-la facinus_fw-la tamen_fw-la reipsa_fw-la approbarent_fw-la in_o that_o they_o punish_v the_o offendor_n yet_o in_o effect_n justify_v his_o offence_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v of_o bajazet_n record_v by_o leunclavius_n the_o former_a plutarch_n attribute_n to_o the_o advice_n of_o agesilaus_n who_o persuade_v the_o city_n agâ—silao_n plâ—â—_n agâ—silao_n to_o transfer_v the_o blame_n upon_o he_o but_o to_o preserve_v the_o fort_n to_o themselves_o but_o this_o kind_n of_o injustice_n be_v singular_a be_v usual_o as_o xenophon_n note_n punish_v by_o the_o especial_a providence_n of_o god_n 5._o hist_o cyr._n l._n 5._o thus_o be_v m._n crassus_n and_o qu._n hortensius_n much_o blame_v by_o cicero_n for_o detain_v part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n which_o be_v get_v by_o a_o testament_n that_o be_v forge_v though_o not_o by_o any_o fault_n of_o they_o but_o because_o this_o obligation_n as_o by_o a_o universal_a contract_n bind_v all_o man_n and_o create_v a_o certain_a right_n to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o thing_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o singular_a contract_n as_o be_v post-nate_a do_v from_o hence_o receive_v their_o exception_n which_o seem_v to_o illustrate_v that_o of_o tryphoninus_n a_o thief_n deliver_v that_o whereof_o he_o have_v rob_v i_o to_o sejus_n to_o keep_v for_o he_o right_n restitution_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n and_o not_o to_o he_o who_o have_v usurp_a another_o right_n who_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o theft_n now_o the_o question_n be_v to_o who_o be_v sejus_n bind_v to_o restore_v it_o if_o we_o look_v only_o to_o the_o giver_n and_o receiver_n it_o be_v just_a that_o the_o thing_n entrust_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o that_o give_v it_o but_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o matter_n which_o take_v in_o all_o the_o person_n concern_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v restore_v doubtless_o to_o i_o from_o who_o it_o be_v fraudulent_o take_v whereunto_o he_o add_v et_fw-la probo_fw-la hanc_fw-la esse_fw-la justitiam_fw-la quae_fw-la
of_o their_o promise_n not_o only_o among_o the_o roman_n but_o among_o the_o grecian_n and_o against_o some_o they_o introduce_v the_o benefit_n of_o restitution_n but_o these_o be_v the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o do_v no_o whit_n appertain_v to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o nation_n except_o only_o in_o this_o that_o where_o they_o be_v receive_v it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v observe_v insomuch_o that_o if_o a_o foreigner_n shall_v contract_v with_o a_o citizen_n he_o shall_v be_v bind_v up_o by_o the_o law_n of_o that_o city_n as_o if_o he_o be_v for_o that_o time_n a_o subject_a of_o that_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n such_o a_o contract_n be_v make_v either_o on_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o some_o desert_a island_n or_o by_o letter_n between_o two_o person_n inhabit_v diverse_a nation_n for_o then_o such_o agreement_n shall_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o as_o be_v the_o agreement_n make_v between_o such_o as_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o supreme_a power_n as_o they_o be_v such_o for_o in_o these_o what_o they_o do_v private_o may_v by_o their_o law_n be_v make_v void_a when_o it_o be_v do_v in_o favour_n to_o those_o power_n but_o not_o when_o do_v to_o their_o punishment_n vi_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o error_n how_o far_o natural_o it_o oblige_v concern_v a_o promise_n make_v by_o a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v the_o question_n be_v yet_o more_o difficult_a for_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v between_o that_o error_n which_o be_v about_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v and_o that_o which_o concern_v not_o the_o substance_n and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v whether_o the_o fraud_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o promise_n or_o not_o again_o whether_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v be_v guilty_a of_o the_o fraud_n or_o not_o and_o last_o whether_o the_o act_n be_v strict_o due_a or_o bind_v only_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n do_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o case_n declare_v some_o act_n to_o be_v void_a and_o other_o valid_a but_o so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n that_o be_v injure_v the_o promise_n may_v be_v either_o revoke_v or_o reform_v but_o most_o of_o these_o distinction_n proceed_v from_o the_o roman_a law_n as_o well_o from_o the_o old_a civil_a law_n as_o from_o the_o praetorian_a and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v either_o not_o altogether_o true_a or_o not_o well_o digest_v but_o yet_o it_o suffice_v to_o chalk_v out_o a_o way_n for_o we_o to_o find_v out_o the_o natural_a truth_n for_o as_o concern_v the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o law_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n that_o when_o a_o law_n be_v enact_v upon_o the_o presumption_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o be_v not_o real_o so_o do_v as_o be_v suggest_v and_o believe_v that_o law_n be_v not_o oblige_v because_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o fact_n fail_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o law_n fail_v with_o it_o but_o when_o a_o law_n be_v ground_v upon_o such_o a_o presumption_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o that_o law_n from_o the_o word_n and_o from_o other_o circumstance_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v in_o this_o case_n if_o a_o promise_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o belief_n of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o indeed_o never_o be_v do_v that_o promise_v natural_o be_v of_o no_o force_n because_o the_o promiser_n do_v not_o give_v his_o consent_n absolute_o to_o the_o thing_n promise_v but_o upon_o such_o a_o condition_n if_o not_o express_v yet_o presume_v as_o real_o be_v not_o as_o in_o that_o case_n mention_v by_o cicero_n of_o he_o who_o false_o believe_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v dead_a appoint_v a_o stranger_n to_o be_v his_o heir_n and_o yet_o in_o case_n the_o promiser_n be_v neglective_a either_o in_o his_o diligence_n to_o examine_v and_o search_v out_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o son_n death_n or_o in_o his_o care_n of_o express_v his_o own_o sense_n and_o do_v thereby_o occasion_n any_o damage_n to_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o make_v that_o promise_n he_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o promise_n make_v but_o for_o the_o damage_n which_o through_o his_o neglect_n be_v sustain_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o error_n or_o mistake_n in_o the_o person_n promise_v and_o yet_o that_o error_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o promise_v make_v the_o act_n shall_v be_v valid_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o want_v of_o a_o true_a consent_n but_o if_o in_o this_o case_n also_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v by_o any_o fraud_n of_o he_o direct_o or_o indirect_o occasion_n that_o error_n what_o damage_n soever_o shall_v accrue_v to_o the_o promiser_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o error_n shall_v be_v by_o he_o repair_v but_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v but_o in_o part_n occasion_v by_o a_o error_n then_o as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n the_o promise_n shall_v stand_v good_a vii_o a_o promise_v make_v through_o fear_n oblige_v concern_v those_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n question_n do_v arise_v no_o less_o perpiext_n for_o herein_o they_o do_v usual_o distinguish_v of_o fear_n which_o be_v either_o great_a and_o vehement_a or_o light_n and_o slender_a if_o great_a than_o they_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o absolute_o or_o in_o respect_n only_o of_o the_o person_n fear_v then_o whether_o it_o be_v occasion_v just_o or_o unjust_o and_o whether_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v or_o by_o some_o other_o as_o also_o they_o distinguish_v of_o the_o act_n whether_o free_a and_o generous_a or_o grievous_a and_o burdensome_a and_o according_a to_o this_o diversity_n be_v some_o act_n say_v to_o be_v void_a other_o revocable_a at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o promiser_n and_o other_o to_o be_v whole_o renew_v concern_v every_o one_o of_o these_o case_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o opinion_n but_o i_o do_v whole_o incline_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o set_v aside_o that_o authority_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o sometime_o take_v away_o and_o sometime_o moderate_v the_o bind_a power_n of_o such_o promise_n he_o that_o promise_v any_o thing_n through_o fear_n be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v because_o the_o consent_n he_o give_v be_v not_o conditional_a as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o error_n but_o absolute_a for_o as_o aristotle_n well_o observe_v he_o that_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v shipwrack_v throw_v his_o good_n overboard_o 3._o eth._n nic._n 3._o will_v willing_o preserve_v they_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v wreck_v but_o upon_o a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o the_o present_a danger_n he_o be_v in_o he_o absolute_o resolve_v that_o his_o good_n rather_o than_o himself_o shall_v perish_v but_o yet_o we_o must_v also_o crave_v this_o allowance_n that_o if_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v do_v occasion_n not_o a_o just_a but_o a_o unjust_a fear_n though_o but_o slight_a and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o promise_n be_v so_o make_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o discharge_v the_o promiser_n if_o he_o desire_v it_o not_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v in_o itself_o void_a but_o for_o the_o damage_n that_o he_o sustain_v who_o make_v it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o injury_n do_v he_o 1._o see_v chap._n 17.6.19_o and_o p._n 3._o ch_n 19_o §._o 1._o but_o what_o exception_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n admit_v herein_o shall_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n be_v hereafter_o explain_v but_o that_o some_o act_n be_v rescind_v which_o be_v make_v through_o fear_n be_v occasion_v not_o by_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v to_o do_v but_o by_o another_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o do_v often_o either_o null_a or_o revoke_v act_n though_o free_o do_v if_o they_o that_o do_v they_o be_v of_o weak_a judgement_n seneca_n argue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o whatsoever_o either_o force_n or_o fear_n or_o necessity_n make_v we_o to_o grant_v 26._o lib._n 4._o cont_n 26._o may_v be_v revoke_v if_o that_o force_n or_o necessity_n be_v impose_v on_o we_o by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o grant_n be_v make_v but_o what_o say_v he_o be_v that_o to_o i_o what_o thou_o be_v compel_v or_o necessitate_v to_o do_v if_o not_o by_o i_o meam_fw-la culpam_fw-la oportet_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la mea_fw-la poena_fw-la sit_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o fault_n shall_v be_v my_o own_o
mercy_n for_o that_o divine_a law_n that_o command_v they_o to_o destroy_v the_o nation_n deut._n 7.4_o exod._n 23.33_o be_v compare_v with_o another_o charge_n give_v by_o god_n concern_v they_o deut._n 20.10_o will_v admit_v of_o this_o limitation_n that_o if_o they_o yield_v upon_o the_o first_o summons_n they_o may_v be_v receive_v to_o mercy_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o history_n of_o rahab_n who_o for_o secure_v the_o spy_n be_v save_v 16.10_o jos_n 16.10_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n who_o be_v suffer_v to_o live_v among_o the_o ephramite_n and_o to_o serve_v they_o of_o the_o gergezites_n of_o who_o st._n matthew_n record_v 8.28_o mat._n 8.28_o that_o there_o be_v some_o live_n even_o until_o his_o time_n neither_o shall_v we_o find_v these_o ennumerate_v among_o those_o that_o be_v to_o have_v be_v extirpate_v as_o you_o may_v read_v deut._n 20.17_o jos_n 9.1_o and_o last_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o that_o act_n of_o solomon_n 1_o king_n 20.20_o 21_o whereby_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o canaanite_n who_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n can_v not_o destroy_v as_o his_o tributary_n and_o bond-servant_n unto_o that_o day_n yea_o and_o if_o we_o examine_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o severe_a charge_n give_v unto_o moses_n for_o their_o extirpation_n as_o it_o be_v express_v exod._n 23.33_o deut._n 7.4_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o in_o case_n as_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n observe_v they_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o commandment_n give_v to_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n and_o pay_v tribute_n the_o cause_n of_o their_o extirpation_n be_v take_v away_o they_o may_v live_v now_o why_o joshua_n may_v not_o as_o well_o spare_v the_o gibeonite_n upon_o their_o dedition_n as_o he_o do_v rahab_n and_o the_o canaanite_n of_o gezer_n upon_o they_o no_o solid_a reason_n can_v be_v assign_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o gergezites_n be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n be_v spare_v and_o live_v as_o tributary_n to_o the_o israelite_n till_o christ_n time_n be_v most_o evident_a by_o the_o sacred_a story_n the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o canaanite_n be_v not_o any_o inexorable_a command_n give_v by_o god_n to_o moses_n for_o that_o leave_v they_o a_o possibility_n to_o live_v because_o a_o power_n to_o submit_v but_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n which_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o punishment_n for_o all_o their_o great_a provocation_n jos_n 11.19_o 20._o that_o so_o he_o may_v destroy_v they_o utter_o without_o any_o mercy_n as_o the_o lord_n command_v moses_n wherefore_o consider_v that_o in_o case_n the_o gibeonite_n have_v deal_v plain_o with_o moses_n which_o they_o dare_v not_o do_v for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o have_v voluntary_o give_v themselves_o up_o as_o bond-servant_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o will_v have_v spare_v their_o life_n under_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o he_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n therefore_o valuit_fw-la juramentum_fw-la the_o oath_n be_v to_o remain_v inviolable_a yea_o and_o the_o breach_n of_o this_o oath_n three_o hundred_o year_n after_o when_o saul_n either_o forget_v the_o oath_n of_o his_o forefather_n or_o out_o of_o a_o well-meant_a zeal_n slay_v some_o of_o these_o gibeonite_n cost_v the_o life_n of_o many_o thousand_o israelite_n 21.6_o 2_o sam._n 21.6_o in_o the_o three_o year_n famine_n which_o god_n bring_v upon_o israel_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v st._n ambrose_n who_o handle_v this_o question_n say_v joshua_n do_v not_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o break_v the_o peace_n with_o the_o gibeonite_n because_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o by_o oath_n ne_o dum_fw-la aliorum_fw-la perfidiam_fw-la arguit_fw-la 10._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 3._o c._n 10._o svam_fw-la fidem_fw-la solveret_fw-la lest_o while_o he_o punish_v other_o for_o their_o perfidiousness_n he_o shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n neither_o do_v this_o fraud_n of_o they_o go_v altogether_o unpunished_a for_o whereas_o have_v they_o deal_v plain_o they_o have_v be_v admit_v upon_o pay_v of_o tribute_n only_o now_o their_o corporal_a slavery_n be_v at_o once_o the_o price_n of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o just_a punishment_n of_o their_o craft_n and_o subtilty_n so_o be_v the_o brutiani_fw-la serve_v by_o the_o roman_n 3._o loh_n 10._o c._n 3._o as_o gellius_n relate_v v._o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v too_o far_o extend_v neither_o shall_v the_o meaning_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v wrest_v to_o any_o other_o sense_n than_o the_o word_n do_v usual_o bear_v wherefore_o when_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n have_v swear_v not_o to_o give_v their_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n to_o the_o benjamite_n do_v notwithstanding_o suffer_v the_o benjamite_n to_o take_v the_o daughter_n of_o shiloh_n by_o force_n and_o to_o enjoy_v they_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o perjury_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o give_v and_o another_o not_o to_o require_v what_o be_v already_o lose_v whereof_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v thus_o this_o indulgence_n of_o they_o be_v not_o without_o a_o punishment_n suitable_a to_o their_o intemperance_n while_o they_o be_v permit_v only_o to_o enjoy_v those_o who_o they_o have_v ravish_v without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o marriage_n nec_fw-la hortabantur_fw-la israelitae_n nec_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la say_v joseph_n the_o israelite_n do_v neither_o encourage_v the_o benjamite_n nor_o forbid_v they_o now_o the_o law_n say_v seneca_n may_v punish_v he_o that_o succour_v a_o exile_n but_o not_o he_o that_o only_o suffer_v he_o to_o be_v relieve_v not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o request_n which_o the_o achaian_n make_v to_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v high_o displease_v at_o some_o thing_n by_o they_o do_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n namely_o that_o the_o roman_n will_v be_v please_v to_o alter_v what_o they_o will_v but_o not_o to_o bind_v they_o by_o any_o religious_a vow_n to_o null_a those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v already_o establish_v by_o oath_n vi_o oath_n bound_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a second_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v bind_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o refer_v to_o thing_n lawful_a for_o if_o the_o thing_n promise_v upon_o oath_n be_v forbid_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o divine_a law_n or_o interdict_v by_o humane_a law_n whereof_o more_o anon_o it_o have_v no_o power_n at_o all_o to_o oblige_v we_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v swear_v be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v do_v be_v swear_v and_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v swear_v all_o oath_n have_v a_o tacit_a exception_n of_o the_o high_a power_n and_o of_o former_a oath_n now_o god_n be_v great_a than_o man_n and_o therefore_o have_v first_o bind_v ourselves_o unto_o he_o no_o oath_n make_v against_o he_o or_o against_o our_o duty_n to_o he_o aught_o by_o we_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o repent_v of_o no_o weapon_n form_v against_o he_o shall_v prosper_v say_v the_o prophet_n es_fw-ge 54._o it_o be_v good_a counsel_n that_o philo_n give_v in_o this_o case_n let_v he_o that_o go_v about_o to_o do_v a_o unjust_a act_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o oath_n know_v that_o he_o do_v not_o thereby_o perform_v his_o oath_n but_o break_v it_o for_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n which_o deserve_v our_o great_a care_n and_o devotion_n to_o preserve_v whereby_o we_o stand_v oblige_v to_o do_v such_o thing_n only_o as_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a for_o he_o do_v but_o accumulate_v one_o sin_n upon_o another_o who_o to_o a_o wicked_a oath_n add_v a_o dishonest_a action_n wherefore_o let_v he_o that_o have_v ensnare_v his_o own_o soul_n by_o a_o rash_a vow_n yet_o refrain_v from_o do_v wicked_o that_o god_n who_o be_v rich_a in_o mercy_n may_v forgive_v he_o for_o wilful_o to_o contract_v a_o double_a guilt_n when_o we_o may_v be_v discharge_v from_o a_o single_a one_o be_v a_o incurable_a madness_n rash_n vow_n be_v ill_o make_v and_o sometime_o worse_o keep_v our_o tongue_n must_v not_o bind_v our_o hand_n to_o do_v wicked_o 25._o 1_o sam._n 25._o david_n be_v less_o sinful_a in_o break_v his_o oath_n and_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o nabal_n who_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o kill_v than_o herod_n be_v in_o kill_v the_o baptist_n or_o agamemnon_n in_o sacrifice_v iphigenia_n for_o their_o oath_n sake_n sure_o oath_n be_v never_o invent_v to_o be_v the_o bond_n of_o iniquity_n praestare_fw-la fateor_fw-la posse_fw-la i_o tacitam_fw-la fidem_fw-la si_fw-la scelere_fw-la careat_fw-la interim_n scelus_fw-la est_fw-la fides_fw-la my_o faith_n perform_v i_o can_v i_o do_v confess_v if_o void_a of_o sin_n else_o faith_n but_o wickedness_n some_o promise_n can_v be_v perform_v say_v ambrose_n nor_o some_o oath_n keep_v without_o the_o violation_n of_o our_o duty_n to_o god_n or_o man._n and_o if_o
on_o be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v be_v revoke_v although_o the_o contract_n be_v agreeable_a to_o honesty_n and_o that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o therefore_o bind_v because_o he_o have_v swear_v but_o as_o every_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o such_o just_a covenant_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o other_o party_n but_o we_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o distinguish_v so_o do_v we_o here_o between_o the_o act_n of_o king_n which_o they_o do_v as_o king_n and_o the_o private_a act_n of_o the_o same_o king_n for_o what_o they_o do_v as_o king_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v so_o esteem_v as_o do_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n but_o over_o such_o act_n as_o the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n can_v have_v no_o power_n because_o the_o community_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o itself_o so_o neither_o can_v the_o prerogative_n law_n of_o a_o king_n null_a his_o own_o public_a act_n because_o a_o king_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o himself_o wherefore_o restitution_n which_o receive_v its_o vigour_n from_o the_o civil_a law_n only_o be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o such_o contract_n neither_o be_v those_o contract_n to_o be_v exempt_v which_o king_n make_v in_o their_o minority_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v without_o all_o question_n if_o the_o people_n elect_v a_o king_n yet_o not_o with_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n but_o restrain_v he_o with_o some_o law_n then_o what_o act_v he_o shall_v do_v contrary_a to_o those_o law_n may_v by_o those_o law_n be_v make_v null_n either_o altogether_o or_o in_o part_n because_o the_o people_n do_v reserve_v that_o right_n unto_o themselves_o but_o if_o the_o king_n do_v reign_v in_o full_a right_n i._n e._n not_o bound_v by_o any_o law_n yet_o hold_v not_o his_o kingdom_n in_o propriety_n i._n e._n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o or_o of_o its_o revenue_n all_o such_o act_n of_o his_o that_o shall_v tend_v to_o such_o a_o alienation_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n void_a because_o what_o he_o so_o alienates_v be_v not_o his_o own_o but_o the_o private_a act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o as_o the_o act_n of_o the_o community_n but_o as_o the_o act_n of_o a_o part_n and_o be_v therefore_o make_v with_o a_o purpose_n that_o they_o may_v follow_v the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o even_o the_o law_n which_o make_v void_a some_o act_n either_o simple_o or_o if_o the_o person_n damnify_v will_n shall_v take_v place_n even_o here_o also_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v contract_v upon_o this_o condition_n so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o king_n who_o have_v consult_v the_o law_n for_o remedy_n against_o extortion_n yet_o may_v a_o king_n if_o he_o please_v exempt_v from_o those_o law_n his_o own_o act_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n but_o whether_o he_o will_v so_o do_v or_o not_o must_v be_v gather_v from_o circumstance_n if_o he_o do_v then_o shall_v the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n determine_v the_o case_n yet_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o where_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a any_o private_a man_n act_n not_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o person_n act_v but_o as_o his_o punishment_n those_o law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o the_o act_n of_o king_n nor_o indeed_o any_o other_o penal_a law_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o imply_v vim_o cogendi_fw-la a_o power_n coercive_a for_o to_o punish_v and_o to_o compel_v can_v proceed_v but_o from_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a will_n and_o so_o from_o distinct_a person_n neither_o can_v the_o compeller_n and_o the_o compel_v be_v any_o one_o person_n though_o under_o diverse_a respect_n iii_o when_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o a_o king_n may_v make_v void_a his_o own_o oath_n as_o a_o private_a man_n antecedenter_n i._n e._n if_o by_o a_o former_a oath_n he_o have_v deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n to_o oblige_v himself_o by_o oath_n to_o any_o such_o thing_n but_o consequent_o he_o can_v for_o herein_o also_o be_v require_v a_o distinction_n of_o person_n beside_o to_o every_o such_o absolution_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o in_o the_o very_a oath_n before_o take_v there_o shall_v have_v be_v this_o limitation_n or_o exception_n either_o express_v or_o imply_v nisi_fw-la superior_a voluerit_fw-la unless_o my_o prince_n command_v the_o contrary_a which_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n can_v be_v admit_v because_o this_o be_v to_o make_v a_o king_n superior_a to_o himself_o or_o to_o make_v his_o oath_n still_o to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o will_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o whereas_o a_o oath_n though_o make_v may_v confer_v no_o right_n to_o another_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o default_n in_o that_o person_n yet_o be_v he_o that_o swear_v bind_v before_o god_n to_o make_v good_a what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v as_o be_v before_o say_v and_o thus_o also_o be_v king_n bind_v by_o their_o oath_n which_o they_o make_v no_o less_o than_o private_a man_n though_o bodinus_fw-la think_v otherwise_o iv_o how_o far_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o those_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v without_o cause_n we_o have_v likewise_o already_o show_v that_o full_a and_o absolute_a promise_n be_v accept_v of_o do_v natural_o transfer_v our_o right_n to_o another_o now_o this_o hold_v as_o well_o in_o king_n as_o in_o private_a man_n their_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v who_o say_v that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o promise_n which_o they_o make_v without_o good_a cause_n which_o notwithstanding_o may_v in_o some_o sense_n be_v true_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o v._o of_o what_o use_n that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n that_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o a_o kingdom_n have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n be_v well_o acknowledge_v by_o vasquius_fw-la but_o that_o which_o he_o will_v thence_o infer_v namely_o that_o what_o be_v by_o he_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o no_o price_n certain_a or_o what_o be_v by_o he_o let_v or_o take_v to_o hire_v without_o any_o rent_n agree_v on_o or_o what_o he_o shall_v give_v away_o in_o fee_n without_o any_o write_n or_o grant_v under_o his_o hand_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n we_o can_v admit_v for_o these_o act_n be_v do_v by_o he_o not_o as_o a_o king_n but_o as_o any_o private_a person_n and_o over_o such_o act_n as_o these_o not_o only_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o even_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o that_o city_n wherein_o the_o king_n reside_v have_v power_n because_o the_o king_n for_o some_o special_a reason_n place_v himself_o there_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o corporation_n unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v by_o good_a circumstance_n that_o it_o be_v his_o will_n that_o those_o act_n of_o his_o shall_v be_v exempt_v from_o the_o power_n of_o those_o law_n but_o that_o other_o example_n bring_v by_o the_o same_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v a_o promise_n any_o way_n make_v do_v very_o well_o agree_v and_o may_v be_v explain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o by_o civil_a law_n that_o which_o civilian_n do_v general_o affirm_v that_o the_o covenant_n which_o a_o king_n enter_v into_o with_o his_o subject_n do_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v somewhat_o obscure_a for_o that_o be_v sometime_o corrupt_o say_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o honesty_n but_o yet_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v due_a as_o for_o a_o executor_n to_o pay_v the_o entire_a legacy_n without_o defalcation_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o testator_n estate_n leave_v he_o or_o to_o pay_v a_o just_a debt_n though_o the_o creditor_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n uncapable_a of_o receive_v it_o or_o to_o requite_v a_o courtesy_n receive_v all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v recover_v by_o any_o action_n at_o law_n sometime_o again_o that_o be_v more_o proper_o say_v natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v indeed_o true_o obligatory_a whether_o it_o be_v such_o as_o transfer_v a_o right_a unto_o another_o as_o in_o contract_n or_o such_o as_o transfer_v none_o as_o in_o a_o full_a and_o firm_a pollicitation_n maimonides_n the_o jew_n do_v very_o apt_o distinguish_v between_o these_o three_o whatsoever_o come_v more_o than_o be_v due_a fall_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o mercy_n which_o
nisi_fw-la sacra_fw-la colenti_fw-la stranger_n shall_v not_o direct_v into_o their_o way_n if_o not_o of_o their_o own_o sect._n the_o like_a do_v tacitus_n record_v of_o they_o 6._o hist_o 6._o apud_fw-la ipsos_fw-la fides_fw-la obstinata_fw-la misericordia_fw-la in_o promptu_fw-la adversus_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la hostile_a odium_fw-la between_o themselves_o they_o be_v very_o faithful_a and_o apt_a to_o show_v mercy_n but_o to_o all_o other_o they_o bear_v a_o mortal_a hatred_n but_o because_o they_o be_v command_v to_o be_v thus_o charitable_a to_o their_o brethren_n therefore_o to_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v good_a unto_o stranger_n will_v prove_v but_o ill_a consequence_n but_o yet_o such_o be_v the_o corrupt_a gloss_n of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n that_o they_o persuade_v the_o jew_n that_o if_o they_o perform_v those_o duty_n of_o justice_n and_o charity_n to_o those_o of_o their_o own_o nation_n they_o have_v sufficient_o fulfil_v the_o law_n though_o to_o all_o other_o they_o be_v not_o uncivil_a only_o but_o barbarous_a as_o indeed_o they_o be_v for_o we_o find_v it_o record_v of_o they_o by_o the_o evangelist_n that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o custom_n to_o eat_v to_o drink_v or_o to_o have_v any_o familiarity_n with_o stranger_n and_o thus_o through_o all_o age_n they_o have_v continue_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o character_n give_v of_o they_o by_o all_o historian_n apollonius_n molo_n object_n against_o they_o thus_o they_o admit_v of_o none_o among_o they_o that_o agree_v not_o with_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n neither_o will_v they_o communicate_v with_o they_o in_o any_o thing_n thus_o do_v the_o friend_n of_o antiochus_n in_o diodorus_n brand_v they_o a_o people_n they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o unsociable_a to_o stranger_n for_o they_o account_v all_o such_o as_o enemy_n and_o a_o little_a after_o they_o will_v not_o eat_v with_o any_o other_o people_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o salute_v or_o bid_v they_o farewell_n such_o a_o general_a hatred_n they_o bear_v to_o all_o mankind_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v philostratus_n give_v of_o they_o and_o in_o josephus_n we_o find_v it_o every_o where_o object_v against_o they_o that_o they_o be_v a_o people_n of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o uncivil_a and_o the_o most_o unsociable_a but_o christ_n who_o be_v every_o where_o most_o observant_a of_o the_o law_n do_v by_o his_o own_o example_n teach_v they_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o scope_n of_o moses_n nor_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n 4.9_o john_n 4.9_o when_o he_o prefer_v the_o good_a samaritan_n before_o the_o levite_n and_o ask_v and_o receive_v water_n from_o the_o woman_n of_o samaria_n in_o that_o prayer_n which_o king_n solomon_n make_v at_o the_o dedication_n of_o the_o temple_n we_o find_v this_o petition_n that_o god_n will_v vouchsafe_v to_o hear_v the_o prayer_n of_o the_o stranger_n which_o they_o shall_v offer_v up_o unto_o he_o in_o that_o house_n whereunto_o josephus_n add_v these_o word_n 2._o ant._n lib._n 8._o c._n 2._o for_o we_o be_v not_o of_o so_o inhuman_a a_o nature_n as_o to_o stand_v ill_o affect_v to_o stranger_n yet_o herein_o we_o be_v to_o except_v not_o only_o the_o seven_o nation_n above_o mention_v but_o the_o ammonite_n and_o the_o moabite_n of_o who_o we_o find_v it_o write_v thus_o 23.6_o deut._n 23.6_o thou_o shall_v not_o seek_v their_o prosperity_n nor_o their_o good_a all_o thy_o day_n for_o ever_o in_o which_o word_n the_o israelite_n be_v forbid_v to_o make_v any_o league_n of_o society_n or_o amity_n with_o they_o yet_o it_o give_v they_o no_o right_a to_o make_v war_n against_o they_o or_o haply_o this_o place_n of_o deuteronomy_n may_v be_v better_o understand_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n as_o if_o to_o seek_v a_o peace_n from_o they_o be_v forbid_v but_o not_o to_o accept_v thereof_o when_o offer_v certain_a it_o be_v they_o be_v forbid_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o ammonite_n 11.16_o judg._n 11.16_o deut._n 2.19_o neither_o do_v jephtha_n accept_v it_o till_o they_o have_v obstinate_o refuse_v equal_a condition_n of_o peace_n nor_o david_n till_o he_o be_v provoke_v thereunto_o by_o unsufferable_a injury_n the_o question_n than_o rest_v here_o war._n whether_o we_o may_v join_v with_o infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o enter_v into_o a_o social_n war_n with_o infidel_n before_o the_o law_n give_v that_o this_o be_v not_o unlawful_a appear_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o abraham_n who_o assist_v the_o wicked_a sodomite_n in_o their_o war._n neither_o do_v moses_n change_v any_o thing_n herein_o that_o we_o can_v read_v of_o the_o same_o persuasion_n be_v the_o asmonaean_n who_o be_v both_o very_a skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o very_o strict_a observer_n of_o it_o witness_v their_o religious_a observation_n of_o the_o sabbath_n whereon_o notwithstanding_o they_o make_v use_v of_o their_o arm_n to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o not_o otherwise_o and_o yet_o we_o find_v they_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n by_o the_o consent_n both_o of_o priest_n and_o people_n and_o institute_v solemn_a sacrifice_n for_o their_o safety_n these_o asmonaean_n we_o find_v high_o commend_v in_o the_o chaldee_n targum_fw-la in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o maccabee_n and_o in_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n who_o example_n both_o emperor_n and_o christian_a king_n follow_v make_v league_n with_o such_o as_o be_v either_o not_o at_o all_o christian_n or_o at_o least_o not_o sound_a christian_n as_o constantine_n with_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n justinian_n with_o the_o lumbards_n the_o saracen_n the_o franc_n the_o scythian_n so_o do_v theodosius_n honorius_n leo_n heracleus_n basilius_n isacius_n and_o other_o with_o the_o vandal_n and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n with_o the_o moor_n now_o the_o example_n that_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o scripture_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n have_v cause_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o for_o certain_o some_o king_n and_o people_n there_o be_v beside_o those_o forbid_a by_o the_o law_n who_o be_v so_o wicked_a that_o god_n by_o his_o prophet_n declare_v his_o purpose_n to_o destroy_v they_o now_o to_o join_v in_o confederacy_n with_o these_o be_v doubtless_o unlawful_a thus_o do_v the_o prophet_n reprove_v jehosophat_n for_o join_v in_o league_n with_o ahab_n yea_o and_o seem_v to_o threaten_v he_o for_o it_o shall_v thou_o help_v the_o ungodly_a and_o love_v they_o that_o hate_v the_o lord_n 19.2_o 2_o chr._n 19.2_o therefore_o be_v wrath_n upon_o thou_o from_o before_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o prophet_n micah_n have_v before_o tell_v the_o unhappy_a success_n of_o that_o war._n so_o do_v another_o prophet_n reprove_v amasia_n for_o wage_n a_o war_n with_o a_o army_n hire_v out_o of_o israel_n let_v not_o the_o army_n of_o israel_n go_v with_o thou_o 25.7_o 2_o chr._n 25.7_o for_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o with_o they_o but_o this_o be_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o the_o league_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n as_o may_v be_v evince_v by_o this_o that_o god_n do_v sharp_o rebuke_v and_o threaten_v jehosophat_n for_o associate_a himself_o with_o ahaziah_n king_n of_o israel_n though_o it_o be_v but_o for_o traffic_v and_o yet_o when_o david_n and_o solomon_n do_v the_o like_a with_o hiram_n god_n do_v not_o only_o not_o reprove_v but_o in_o part_n commend_v they_o for_o it_o 18._o constit_fw-la clem._n lib._n 6._o c._n 18._o for_o in_o that_o ahaziah_n be_v say_v to_o do_v very_o wicked_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n which_o be_v aggravate_v in_o that_o be_v a_o israelite_n he_o have_v forsake_v the_o god_n of_o his_o father_n and_o therefore_o be_v god_n provoke_v to_o blast_v all_o his_o enterprise_n for_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o case_n of_o those_o who_o be_v israelite_n forsake_v the_o lord_n who_o they_o know_v 3._o esay_n 8.6_o 1_o chr._n 16.12_o ambr._n ad_fw-la rom._n 3._o be_v far_o worse_a than_o of_o those_o that_o be_v stranger_n for_o against_o those_o that_o make_v this_o defection_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n may_v take_v arm_n and_o destroy_v they_o and_o all_o they_o have_v deut._n 13.13_o sometime_o again_o where_o the_o league_n be_v blame_v it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o league_n sake_n but_o for_o the_o wicked_a intention_n of_o he_o that_o make_v it_o so_o god_n reprove_v asa_n for_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o syrian_a namely_o out_o of_o diffidence_n which_o he_o have_v declare_v by_o send_v the_o vessel_n consecrate_v to_o god_n unto_o the_o syrian_a so_o when_o he_o be_v sick_a 16.12_o 1_o chr._n 16.12_o he_o place_v more_o confidence_n in_o his_o physician_n than_o
such_o a_o limit_a time_n as_o most_o some_o of_o these_o be_v insert_v it_o will_v from_o hence_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o the_o league_n be_v real_a such_o be_v the_o league_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o philip_n king_n of_o macedon_n which_o when_o his_o son_n perseus_n deny_v to_o bind_v he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n ensue_v there_o be_v also_o other_o word_n that_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v a_o league_n to_o be_v real_a yea_o and_o sometime_o the_o matter_n itself_o may_v administer_v ground_n for_o probable_a conjecture_n and_o where_o the_o conjecture_n be_v equal_o probable_a there_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o those_o league_n which_o be_v favourable_a and_o equal_a shall_v be_v account_v real_a those_o that_o be_v grievous_a and_o hateful_a personal_a league_n make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o mutual_a peace_n or_o commerce_n be_v favourable_a those_o that_o be_v make_v for_o war_n be_v not_o always_o odious_a as_o some_o hold_n but_o if_o they_o be_v make_v for_o mutual_a defence_n they_o draw_v near_o to_o such_o as_o be_v favourable_a but_o those_o that_o be_v for_o a_o social_n war_n do_v too_o near_o approach_v to_o those_o that_o be_v burdensome_a beside_o in_o those_o that_o be_v make_v for_o any_o war_n great_a respect_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o prudence_n and_o justice_n of_o those_o with_o who_o we_o contract_v that_o they_o be_v such_o as_o will_v not_o engage_v we_o in_o a_o war_n either_o unjust_o or_o too_o rash_o when_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v and_o as_o to_o that_o say_n that_o society_n be_v dissolve_v by_o death_n i_o allege_v it_o not_o here_o for_o this_o appertain_v to_o private_a society_n and_o be_v determinable_a by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o therefore_o whether_o the_o fidenates_n latin_n etrusians_n and_o sabine_n do_v right_a or_o wrong_n in_o depart_v from_o their_o league_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o romulus_n tullus_n ancus_n priscus_n and_o servius_n can_v right_o be_v determine_v 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expel_v his_o kingdom_n sure_o a_o league_n make_v with_o a_o king_n be_v valid_a though_o that_o king_n or_o his_o successor_n be_v expel_v his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o own_o subject_n for_o though_o he_o have_v lose_v his_o possession_n yet_o doubtless_o the_o right_a and_o title_n to_o the_o kingdom_n remain_v in_o he_o according_a to_o that_o of_o lucian_n concern_v the_o roman_a senate_n non_fw-la unquam_fw-la perdidit_fw-la ordo_fw-la mutata_fw-la sva_fw-la jura_fw-la loco_fw-la though_o the_o imperial_a seat_n be_v change_v quite_o yet_o must_v the_o empire_n still_o retain_v its_o right_n xviii_o but_o not_o so_o with_o a_o usurper_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o case_n a_o war_n be_v make_v against_o he_o that_o usurp_v the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o true_a king_n or_o if_o it_o be_v make_v against_o he_o that_o oppress_v a_o free_a people_n before_o he_o have_v be_v establish_v by_o their_o general_n and_o free_a consent_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v interpret_v as_o a_o breach_n of_o any_o former_a league_n because_o these_o man_n though_o they_o have_v get_v possession_n yet_o they_o have_v no_o right_n to_o what_o they_o hold_v and_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n deny_v that_o he_o have_v break_v the_o league_n make_v between_o he_o and_o gizerich_n by_o make_v war_n against_o gelimer_n who_o have_v at_o once_o deprive_v the_o lawful_a king_n ilderichus_fw-la both_o of_o his_o liberty_n and_o his_o kingdom_n thus_o do_v titus_n quintius_n also_o plead_v against_o nabis_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o roman_n we_o make_v no_o league_n or_o confederacy_n with_o thou_o but_o with_o pelops_n the_o just_a and_o lawful_a king_n of_o sparta_n now_o in_o league_n these_o quality_n of_o a_o king_n a_o successor_n and_o the_o like_a be_v favourable_o to_o be_v interpret_v as_o be_v proper_o their_o right_n whereas_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o usurper_n be_v odious_a xix_o a_o promise_v make_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v perform_v such_o a_o act_n if_o more_o do_v it_o together_o to_o who_o be_v the_o promise_v due_a another_o question_n we_o find_v handle_v of_o old_a by_o chrysippus_n namely_o whether_o a_o reward_v promise_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v first_o arrive_v at_o such_o a_o place_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o both_o if_o both_o arrive_v together_o or_o else_o to_o neither_o where_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n first_o be_v ambiguous_a for_o either_o it_o signify_v one_o that_o precede_v all_o the_o rest_n or_o one_o before_o who_o none_o but_o because_o the_o reward_n due_a to_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v construe_v with_o favour_n both_o of_o they_o that_o shall_v arrive_v together_o shall_v share_v the_o reward_n between_o they_o although_o the_o liberality_n of_o scipio_n caesar_n julian_n and_o other_o be_v more_o honourable_a who_o to_o each_o of_o they_o that_o first_o scale_v the_o wall_n if_o more_o than_o one_o do_v it_o together_o give_v the_o entire_a reward_n promise_v and_o let_v these_o suffice_v to_o be_v say_v concern_v the_o proper_a and_o improper_a signification_n of_o word_n xx._n a_o conjecture_n offer_v itself_o either_o extend_v the_o signification_n and_o when_o there_o be_v also_o another_o way_n of_o interpret_n by_o conjecture_n beyond_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n wherein_o the_o promise_n be_v contain_v and_o this_o also_o be_v twofold_n either_o by_o extend_v they_o far_o than_o the_o word_n signify_v or_o by_o restrain_v they_o but_o that_o interpretation_n which_o restrain_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v easy_a but_o that_o which_o enlarge_v they_o more_o difficult_a for_o as_o in_o all_o humane_a thing_n the_o want_n of_o any_o one_o cause_n be_v enough_o to_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n ineffectual_a but_o to_o produce_v a_o effect_n all_o the_o cause_n must_v concur_v so_o also_o in_o this_o case_n of_o obligation_n that_o conjecture_n that_o shall_v
wherefore_o in_o case_n any_o heinous_a crime_n be_v commit_v by_o they_o they_o be_v require_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o ambassador_n to_o punishment_n but_o they_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o force_n which_o when_o once_o do_v by_o the_o achaian_n who_o seize_v upon_o some_o lacedaemonian_n who_o attend_v upon_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n the_o roman_n present_o cry_v out_o that_o they_o have_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereunto_o also_o we_o may_v refer_v the_o judgement_n of_o sallust_n concern_v bomilcar_n which_o we_o have_v former_o quote_v but_o if_o the_o ambassador_n shall_v refuse_v to_o deliver_v he_o than_o we_o be_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v before_o prescribe_v against_o the_o ambassador_n himself_o but_o whether_o the_o ambassador_n have_v jurisdiction_n over_o his_o own_o family_n or_o whether_o his_o house_n be_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v fly_v unto_o it_o for_o refuge_n depend_v upon_o the_o pleasure_n of_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v send_v for_o this_o belong_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o and_o to_o their_o movable_a good_n the_o movable_a good_n also_o of_o a_o ambassador_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o shall_v appertain_v to_o his_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o pawn_n or_o attach_v for_o any_o debt_n neither_o by_o any_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o which_o some_o hold_n as_o the_o true_a opinion_n for_o no_o force_n or_o compulsion_n must_v be_v by_o any_o mean_n use_v against_o he_o or_o he_o that_o so_o he_o may_v enjoy_v a_o absolute_a and_o perfect_a security_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v contract_v any_o debt_n and_o have_v no_o real_a estate_n as_o it_o usual_o fall_v out_o he_o must_v only_o be_v fair_o entreat_v to_o discharge_v they_o which_o if_o he_o refuse_v then_o be_v he_o that_o send_v he_o to_o be_v likewise_o entreat_v to_o pay_v they_o but_o if_o neither_o will_v do_v it_o then_o in_o the_o last_o place_n we_o must_v flee_v to_o such_o remedy_n as_o be_v provide_v against_o such_o debtor_n as_o do_v reside_v in_o foreign_a country_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o breach_n of_o their_o privilege_n that_o their_o coffer_n be_v search_v at_o their_o first_o entrance_n in_o case_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n whereunto_o they_o be_v send_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o sir_n thomas_n chaloner_n in_o spain_n who_o complain_v thereof_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o desire_v to_o be_v recall_v 1561._o cambden_n eliz._n anno_fw-la 1561._o be_v prudent_o answer_v by_o that_o most_o wise_a queen_n that_o a_o ambassador_n shall_v take_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a part_n so_o as_o his_o prince_n honour_n be_v not_o direct_o violate_v x._o example_n where_o there_o be_v obligation_n but_o no_o power_n to_o compel_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o cause_n to_o fear_v as_o some_o may_v imagine_v that_o if_o the_o case_n be_v thus_o with_o ambassador_n no_o man_n will_v trust_v they_o or_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o they_o for_o the_o king_n himself_o though_o he_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o any_o thing_n yet_o never_o want_v creditor_n if_o they_o give_v good_a price_n and_o among_o some_o nation_n as_o damascen_n inform_v we_o it_o be_v customable_a that_o as_o to_o such_o debt_n as_o be_v contract_v upon_o trust_n there_o be_v no_o remedy_n provide_v by_o law_n no_o more_o than_o there_o be_v against_o man_n that_o be_v ungrateful_a so_o that_o man_n in_o those_o part_n be_v compel_v either_o to_o pay_v ready_o for_o what_o they_o buy_v and_o on_o both_o side_n to_o fulfil_v alike_o all_o their_o agreement_n or_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a faith_n and_o credit_n of_o the_o debtor_n seneca_n seem_v to_o envy_v the_o happiness_n of_o those_o country_n by_o wish_v the_o same_o custom_n in_o all_o place_n 15._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 3._o c._n 15._o i_o will_v to_o god_n say_v he_o that_o we_o can_v persuade_v all_o people_n that_o money_n lend_v upon_o credit_n shall_v be_v recover_v only_o from_o those_o man_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v and_o that_o no_o stipulation_n shall_v bind_v the_o buyer_n to_o the_o seller_n and_o that_o no_o write_a contract_n or_o covenant_n under_o hand_n and_o seal_n shall_v be_v preserve_v but_o rather_o that_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o faith_n and_o honesty_n of_o the_o debtor_n appian_n relate_v of_o the_o persian_n that_o they_o hate_v the_o borrow_n of_o money_n as_o be_v a_o inlet_n to_o fraud_n falshood_n and_o perjury_n 15._o lib._n 4._o lib._n 15._o and_o aelian_a report_n the_o very_a same_o of_o the_o indian_n with_o who_o agree_v strabo_n in_o these_o word_n judicia_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la nisi_fw-la de_fw-la caede_fw-la &_o injuria_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o judicatory_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o murder_n and_o injury_n do_v because_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o man_n to_o avoid_v these_o but_o as_o to_o contract_n and_o agreement_n it_o be_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o every_o man_n to_o make_v they_o or_o to_o refuse_v they_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o man_n break_v his_o faith_n with_o we_o we_o be_v to_o bear_v it_o patient_o and_o to_o learn_v rather_o to_o be_v wise_a in_o take_v heed_n before_o hand_n who_o we_o trust_v than_o by_o our_o folly_n to_o fill_v the_o city_n we_o live_v in_o with_o lawsuit_n it_o be_v also_o wise_o enact_v by_o charonda_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v have_v his_o action_n at_o law_n against_o that_o man_n who_o faith_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v for_o the_o price_n of_o what_o he_o sell_v he_o which_o plato_n likewise_o approve_v of_o 15._o l._n 8._o de_fw-fr leg._n mor._n nic._n 8._o 15._o this_o be_v also_o observe_v by_o aristotle_n in_o some_o country_n say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o recover_v of_o such_o debt_n by_o lawsuit_n for_o they_o conceive_v that_o man_n ought_v to_o acquiesce_v and_o to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o faith_n of_o that_o man_n who_o they_o think_v worthy_a to_o be_v trust_v 1._o mor._n l._n 9_o c._n 1._o so_o in_o another_o place_n some_o country_n there_o be_v where_o the_o law_n do_v forbid_v a_o man_n to_o recover_v by_o law_n that_o which_o he_o have_v trust_v upon_o the_o faith_n of_o another_o as_o if_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v make_v any_o contract_n and_o on_o who_o faith_n we_o have_v take_v be_v private_o only_a to_o be_v deal_v with_o those_o argument_n which_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v bring_v against_o this_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v not_o unto_o our_o ambassador_n but_o unto_o such_o as_o be_v send_v from_o province_n or_o from_o particular_a city_n xi_o profane_a history_n be_v full_a of_o the_o example_n of_o war_n undertake_v for_o the_o affront_v offer_v to_o ambassador_n and_o in_o the_o sacred_a story_n we_o read_v of_o a_o war_n make_v by_o king_n david_n against_o the_o ammonite_n upon_o that_o ground_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o cause_n more_o just_a as_o cicero_n plead_v against_o king_n mithridates_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o right_n of_o burial_n i._o from_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n arise_v the_o right_a of_o bury_v the_o dead_a ii_o whence_o this_o spring_n iii_o it_o be_v due_a even_o to_o enemy_n iv_o whether_o to_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a v._o whether_o to_o such_o as_o kill_v themselves_o vi_o what_o other_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n due_a i._o from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n arise_v the_o right_a of_o burial_n from_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v voluntary_a arise_v the_o right_a of_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a dion_z chrysostome_n among_o those_o custom_n which_o he_o oppose_v to_o write_v law_n place_v this_o of_o burial_n next_o to_o the_o right_n due_a to_o ambassador_n and_o seneca_n the_o father_n among_o those_o law_n that_o be_v unwritten_a which_o yet_o be_v more_o firm_a and_o bind_v than_o those_o that_o be_v write_v insert_v this_o of_o the_o interment_n of_o the_o dead_a the_o hebrew_n historiographer_n philo_n and_o josephus_n term_v this_o the_o right_a of_o nature_n and_o isidore_n pelusiota_n one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a with_o they_o to_o comprehend_v all_o such_o custom_n as_o be_v common_a among_o all_o nation_n and_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a reason_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v and_o no_o marvel_n 19_o epist_n ult_n edit_fw-la 491._o lib._n 12._o lib._n 13._o hist_o 8._o 19_o see_v that_o as_o aelian_a speak_v the_o burial_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v a_o thing_n command_v even_o by_o nature_n
perfect_a of_o this_o work_n of_o repentance_n in_o he_o i_o answer_v that_o god_n haply_o may_v as_o probable_o have_v receive_v as_o much_o dishonour_n in_o his_o recidivation_n or_o fall_v back_o to_o his_o accustom_a wicked_a course_n and_o so_o that_o of_o seneca_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v quod_fw-la unum_fw-la bonum_fw-la tibi_fw-la superest_fw-la representabimus_fw-la 15._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-la ira_fw-la c._n 16._o c._n 15._o mortem_fw-la that_o only_o good_a thing_n that_o thou_o be_v capable_a of_o we_o represent_v unto_o thou_o which_o be_v death_n and_o that_o also_o of_o the_o same_o seneca_n quo_fw-la uno_fw-la modo_fw-la possunt_fw-la desinant_fw-la esse_fw-la mali_fw-la there_o be_v no_o way_n leave_v for_o they_o to_o cease_v to_o sin_n but_o to_o cease_v to_o live_v whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o which_o the_o same_o author_n say_v elsewhere_o talibus_fw-la ingeniis_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la exitus_fw-la remedium_fw-la est_fw-la optimumque_fw-la est_fw-la abire_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la nunquam_fw-la reverturus_fw-la est_fw-la 10._o de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 7._o c._n 10._o death_n be_v to_o such_o the_o only_a remedy_n it_o be_v best_a for_o he_o to_o die_v that_o live_v without_o any_o hope_n of_o be_v cure_v let_v these_o therefore_o together_o with_o what_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o work_n suffice_v for_o answer_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o either_o all_o punishment_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o be_v capital_a be_v without_o any_o exception_n prohibit_v unto_o christian_n the_o contrary_a whereunto_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o apostle_n who_o within_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o king_n include_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n as_o be_v the_o executioner_n of_o divine_a vengeance_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o pray_v that_o king_n may_v be_v make_v christian_n and_o that_o as_o king_n they_o may_v protect_v the_o innocent_a which_o in_o this_o general_a corruption_n and_o depravity_n of_o mankind_n even_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gospel_n can_v be_v do_v unless_o by_o the_o death_n of_o some_o the_o impudence_n of_o other_o be_v repress_v see_v that_o all_o the_o public_a punishment_n that_o be_v every_o where_o inflict_v upon_o the_o guilty_a be_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v sufficient_a to_o guard_v or_o protect_v the_o innocent_a neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o impertinent_a to_o propose_v unto_o all_o christian_a magistrate_n the_o example_n of_o sabacon_n king_n of_o egypt_n for_o their_o imitation_n a_o man_n high_o fame_v for_o his_o piety_n by_o who_o all_o capital_a punishment_n be_v change_v into_o some_o servile_a work_n that_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n 1._o lib._n 1._o as_o diodorus_n testify_v strabo_n relate_v the_o like_a of_o some_o nation_n inhabit_v about_o mount_n caucasus_n where_o say_v he_o they_o put_v no_o man_n to_o death_n although_o they_o offend_v never_o so_o high_o yea_o and_o among_o the_o roman_n no_o citizen_n be_v ever_o know_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n or_o punish_v with_o stripe_n after_o the_o porcian_a law_n be_v make_v unless_o for_o treason_n or_o be_v first_o condemn_v by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n neither_o be_v that_o of_o quintilian_n to_o be_v slight_v no_o man_n will_v doubt_v say_v he_o but_o that_o if_o a_o malefactor_n can_v be_v reclaim_v and_o become_v a_o new_a man_n as_o some_o such_o there_o may_v sometime_o be_v it_o be_v better_o for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o he_o shall_v live_v than_o die_v it_o be_v observe_v by_o balsamon_n that_o those_o roman-law_n which_o condemn_a man_n to_o death_n be_v most_o of_o they_o change_v by_o the_o christian_a emperor_n into_o some_o smart_a punishment_n whereby_o both_o the_o condemn_a party_n be_v more_o sharp_o urge_v to_o repentance_n and_o other_o more_o affright_v by_o their_o last_a punishment_n nicetas_n record_v it_o 2._o see_v chap._n 24._o sect._n 2._o that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o johannes_n comnenus_n no_o malefactor_n be_v at_o any_o time_n put_v to_o death_n and_o when_o some_o rant_a donatist_n have_v kill_v two_o catholic_n priest_n most_o barbarous_o put_v out_o the_o eye_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o finger_n of_o one_o of_o they_o circumcelliones_fw-la grat._n l._n 23._o q._n 5._o circumcelliones_fw-la st_n augustine_n beseech_v count_n marcellinus_n not_o to_o punish_v they_o by_o that_o strict_a rule_n of_o retaliation_n whereby_o they_o shall_v suffer_v according_a to_o what_o they_o have_v do_v but_o that_o he_o will_v suffer_v they_o to_o live_v and_o to_o enjoy_v their_o limb_n yet_o to_o restrain_v they_o from_o the_o like_a outrage_n by_o some_o hard_a yet_o profitable_a labour_n or_o to_o reclaim_v they_o from_o their_o madness_n by_o some_o smart_a punishment_n for_o this_o also_o say_v he_o be_v call_v a_o condemnation_n and_o who_o understand_v not_o this_o to_o be_v as_o well_o a_o benefit_n as_o a_o punishment_n whereby_o neither_o be_v the_o reins_o let_v loose_a to_o licentious_a cruelty_n nor_o that_o wholesome_a physic_n withhold_v that_o shall_v work_v malefactor_n to_o repentance_n a_o house_n of_o correction_n strike_v more_o terror_n to_o a_o idle_a rogue_n than_o the_o gallow_n and_o to_o be_v chain_v to_o a_o oar_n than_o death_n itself_o xiii_o the_o imperfect_a division_n of_o punishment_n reject_v by_o that_o division_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o the_o end_n for_o which_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v it_o seem_v that_o somewhat_o be_v omit_v by_o the_o philosopher_n taurus_n out_o of_o who_o gellius_n say_v thus_o whensoever_o there_o shall_v appear_v in_o a_o malefactor_n great_a hope_n of_o reformation_n without_o punishment_n or_o no_o hope_n at_o all_o of_o his_o amendment_n or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a cause_n to_o fear_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v shall_v be_v slight_v or_o contemn_v or_o that_o the_o sin_n be_v not_o such_o as_o require_v the_o impression_n of_o some_o necessary_a fear_n to_o preserve_v other_o from_o it_o then_o wherein_o soever_o it_o be_v that_o man_n offend_v it_o be_v not_o worth_a our_o study_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n for_o he_o seem_v thence_o to_o infer_v that_o punishment_n be_v needless_a if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o end_n be_v want_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a all_o these_o end_n must_v cease_v that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o punishment_n beside_o he_o omit_v this_o end_n namely_o when_o a_o incorrigible_a sinner_n 〈◊〉_d take_v away_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v not_o commit_v more_o or_o great_a sin_n and_o what_o he_o there_o say_v concern_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o sin_n be_v commit_v be_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o other_o damage_n which_o we_o may_v have_v just_a occasion_n to_o fear_v 21._o de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 1._o c._n 21._o much_o better_a be_v that_o partition_n which_o seneca_n make_v in_o revenge_a injury_n say_v he_o the_o law_n look_v at_o three_o thing_n which_o every_o magistrate_n ought_v likewise_o to_o pursue_v namely_o that_o either_o he_o who_o we_o punish_v shall_v amend_v his_o life_n punish_v three_o end_n of_o punish_v or_o that_o by_o his_o punishment_n other_o shall_v be_v meliorate_v or_o that_o incorrigible_a malefactor_n be_v take_v away_o they_o that_o be_v innocent_a shall_v live_v more_o secure_o legatione_n in_o legatione_n the_o two_o former_a of_o these_o philo_n commemorate_v punishment_n ofttimes_o correct_v and_o amend_v a_o malefactor_n but_o if_o this_o fail_v it_o do_v certain_o meliorate_v those_o that_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o for_o many_o man_n be_v instruct_v by_o other_o man_n harm_n and_o grow_v more_o watchful_a over_o themselves_o by_o fear_n of_o the_o like_a suffering_n but_o in_o that_o division_n of_o seneca_n if_o by_o those_o that_o be_v innocent_a we_o understand_v as_o well_o those_o who_o may_v hereafter_o be_v injure_v as_o those_o who_o have_v already_o be_v injure_v we_o have_v a_o full_a and_o perfect_a partition_n especial_o if_o to_o those_o two_o word_n take_v away_o we_o add_v or_o suppress_v for_o both_o exile_n imprisonment_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o it_o be_v whereby_o a_o man_n be_v disable_v to_o do_v wrong_n may_v be_v hither_o refer_v but_o that_o distribution_n which_o seneca_n elsewhere_o make_v be_v more_o imperfect_a where_o he_o say_v that_o in_o punishment_n this_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o be_v inflict_v to_o reclaim_v those_o that_o be_v wicked_a other_o to_o take_v they_o away_o and_o yet_o that_o of_o quintilian_n be_v yet_o more_o imperfect_a that_o every_o punishment_n appertain_v not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o sin_n as_o for_o example_n fourteen_o not_o lawful_a for_o private_a christian_n to_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o may_v from_o what_o have_v
petty_a fault_n with_o rod_n of_o wire_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o cicero_n to_o brutus_n 1._o see_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o speech_n of_o the_o melanois_n in_o guicc_n lib._n 17._o vid._n sup_v sect._n 11._o &_o lib._n 3._o c._n 11._o sect_n 1._o there_o be_v say_v he_o a_o moderation_n to_o be_v use_v as_o well_o in_o punish_v as_o in_o other_o thing_n and_o therefore_o papinianus_n call_v punishment_n the_o valuation_n of_o a_o crime_n and_o 2._o and_o leuct_v 2._o aristides_n say_v that_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o humane_a nature_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v bound_n prescribe_v beyond_o which_o revenge_n shall_v never_o stray_v in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o when_o he_o proceed_v to_o judgement_n be_v say_v to_o lay_v judgement_n to_o the_o rule_n and_o righteousness_n to_o the_o balance_n as_o if_o he_o will_v retale_v it_o as_o it_o be_v by_o weight_n and_o measure_n but_o demosthenes_n in_o his_o epistle_n for_o lycurgus_n child_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o such_o a_o equality_n as_o be_v bare_o in_o weight_n and_o measure_n but_o with_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o purpose_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o then_o he_o conclude_v that_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o merit_n all_o sin_n may_v be_v punish_v more_o or_o less_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o punishment_n shall_v be_v think_v profitable_a xxix_o the_o impulsive_a cause_n of_o sin_n be_v to_o be_v respect_v and_o compare_v together_o in_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v examine_v first_o the_o cause_n that_o do_v provoke_v second_o the_o cause_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v restrain_v and_o three_o the_o fitness_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o person_n to_o either_o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o there_o be_v doubtless_o some_o cause_n that_o move_v every_o man_n to_o evil_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o man_n wicked_a but_o for_o some_o end_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o man_n that_o love_v wickedness_n for_o wickedness_n sake_n only_o sure_o he_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o a._n man_n as_o a_o devil_n the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n be_v lead_v unto_o sin_n by_o their_o affection_n 1.15_o jam_fw-la 1.15_o so_o say_v st._n james_n lust_n conceive_v and_o bring_v forth_o sin_n where_o under_o this_o notion_n lust_n or_o appetite_n i_o comprehend_v also_o that_o vehement_a desire_n of_o decline_v every_o thing_n that_o may_v hurt_v we_o which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v the_o most_o natural_a and_o so_o the_o most_o innocent_a ofttime_n a_o man_n be_v almost_o enforce_v upon_o a_o sin_n to_o avoid_v some_o present_a danger_n as_o when_o to_o avoid_v death_n imprisonment_n torment_n or_o extreme_a poverty_n he_o do_v some_o act_n of_o violence_n or_o injustice_n and_o then_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o evil_a that_o pursue_v he_o seem_v to_o render_v his_o sin_n the_o more_o excusable_a whereupon_o demosthenes_n infer_v that_o if_o a_o rich_a man_n be_v unjust_a he_o deserve_v double_o to_o be_v punish_v in_o respect_n of_o what_o he_o suffer_v for_o the_o like_a sin_n who_o be_v oppress_v with_o poverty_n for_o before_o such_o judge_n as_o have_v any_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n the_o poor_a man_n necessity_n plead_v strong_o for_o pardon_n whereas_o they_o who_o surfeit_v with_o abundance_n sin_n mere_o out_o of_o wantonness_n can_v have_v no_o excuse_n at_o all_o for_o their_o wickedness_n thus_o do_v polybius_n excuse_v the_o acarnanae_n that_o to_o avoid_v that_o imminent_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o be_v enforce_v to_o break_v the_o article_n of_o their_o league_n with_o the_o grecian_n against_o the_o aetolian_n the_o more_o vehement_a the_o temptation_n be_v the_o more_o pardonable_a be_v the_o crime_n a_o woman_n of_o smyrna_n as_o gellius_n tell_v the_o story_n 17._o gell._n l._n 12._o c._n 17._o be_v convent_v before_o cn._n dolabella_n the_o proconsul_n of_o asia_n for_o poison_v her_o husband_n and_o his_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o fact_n she_o confess_v allege_v that_o she_o have_v good_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v because_o her_o husband_n and_o his_o son_n have_v betray_v and_o murder_v she_o own_o son_n by_o a_o former_a husband_n be_v a_o young_a man_n innocent_a and_o of_o singular_a hope_n which_o fact_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v deny_v dolabella_n call_v a_o council_n but_o none_o dare_v pass_v sentence_n in_o so_o doubtful_a a_o case_n for_o the_o woman_n fact_n be_v confess_v they_o think_v ought_v not_o to_o go_v unpunished_a and_o yet_o the_o revenge_n she_o take_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o her_o son_n appear_v to_o be_v but_o just_a in_o conclusion_n dolabella_n send_v she_o to_o athens_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o areopagite_n as_o be_v the_o most_o know_a and_o experience_a judge_n of_o that_o age_n who_o upon_o a_o full_a hear_n of_o the_o cause_n adjourn_v the_o determination_n of_o it_o for_o a_o hundred_o year_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o neither_o acquit_v the_o woman_n of_o her_o crime_n against_o the_o law_n nor_o condemn_v she_o though_o guilty_a because_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o temptation_n plead_v for_o pardon_n the_o less_o of_o provocation_n a_o man_n have_v to_o do_v evil_a the_o great_a be_v his_o sin_n whence_o aristotle_n infer_v that_o the_o sin_n of_o incontinence_n be_v great_a than_o that_o commit_v through_o fear_n because_o it_o be_v more_o voluntary_a for_o what_o a_o man_n do_v out_o of_o fear_n be_v to_o preserve_v himself_o from_o destruction_n and_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o be_v a_o force_n upon_o the_o will_n 32._o see_v prov._n 6.30_o 31_o 32._o but_o lust_n be_v conceive_v within_o we_o and_o therefore_o have_v the_o more_o of_o evil_n because_o it_o have_v a_o large_a share_n of_o the_o will_n with_o who_o accord_v philo_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n all_o other_o vehement_a perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o assault_n of_o some_o outward_a temptation_n which_o seem_v to_o happen_v against_o our_o will_n only_o our_o lust_n because_o they_o be_v conceive_v within_o we_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o none_o but_o ourselves_o all_o sin_n say_v chrysostome_n merit_v not_o the_o same_o punishment_n but_o those_o deserve_v the_o great_a which_o may_v easy_a be_v resist_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o infer_v that_o the_o slanderer_n be_v a_o great_a sinner_n than_o a_o fornicator_n a_o thief_n or_o a_o homicide_n because_o these_o may_v have_v vehement_a temptation_n but_o the_o slanderer_n none_o but_o his_o own_o will._n man_n do_v not_o despise_v a_o thief_n if_o he_o steal_v to_o satisfy_v his_o own_o soul_n when_o he_o be_v hungry_a but_o he_o that_o commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o woman_n lack_v understanding_n he_o that_o do_v it_o destroy_v his_o own_o soul_n prov._n 6.30_o 32._o all_o other_o appetite_n do_v tend_v to_o some_o good_a either_o real_a or_o imaginary_a those_o thing_n that_o be_v real_o good_a beside_o virtue_n and_o their_o action_n which_o can_v entice_v unto_o sin_n be_v always_o at_o peace_n among_o themselves_o be_v either_o delectable_a as_o pleasure_n or_o such_o as_o be_v desirable_a in_o order_n to_o thing_n that_o be_v delectable_a which_o we_o call_v thing_n profitable_a as_o abundance_n of_o all_o outward_a enjoyment_n those_o that_o be_v imaginary_a only_o and_o not_o real_o good_a be_v either_o the_o excellency_n that_o we_o think_v we_o have_v above_o other_o as_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o virtue_n and_o profit_n or_o revenge_n both_o which_o the_o more_o devious_a from_o nature_n they_o be_v the_o worse_o they_o be_v naturalia_fw-la desideria_fw-la finita_fw-la sunt_fw-la ex_fw-la falsa_fw-la opinion_n nascentia_fw-la ubi_fw-la desinant_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la our_o natural_a want_n say_v seneca_n be_v easy_o sum_v up_o but_o those_o that_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o false_a opinion_n be_v infinite_a st_n john_n collect_v all_o the_o provocation_n to_o sin_n under_o these_o three_o head_n 2.16_o 1_o joh._n 2.16_o the_o lust_n of_o the_o flesh_n the_o lust_n of_o the_o eye_n or_o the_o pride_n of_o life_n the_o first_o whereof_o comprehend_v the_o desire_n of_o pleasure_n the_o second_o of_o profit_n the_o three_o of_o vainglory_n and_o anger_n and_o philo_n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o the_o decalogue_n derive_v all_o that_o be_v evil_a from_o the_o desire_n either_o of_o riches_n honour_n or_o pleasure_n 6._o lib._n 6._o and_o lactantius_n describe_v the_o office_n of_o virtue_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o suppression_n of_o our_o anger_n in_o bridle_v of_o our_o lust_n and_o in_o the_o moderate_n of_o our_o desire_n of_o riches_n for_o say_v he_o almost_o all_o our_o unjust_a and_o wicked_a action_n do_v arise_v from_o one_o of_o these_o affection_n which_o elsewhere_o he_o repeat_v xxx_o the_o cause_n restrain_v from_o sin_n the_o general_a cause_n that_o shall_v restrain_v we_o from_o
unless_o a_o great_a and_o just_a love_n of_o many_o persuade_v we_o otherwise_o for_o some_o cause_n that_o be_v external_a which_o sometime_o be_v some_o extreme_a danger_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o he_o who_o have_v offend_v but_o very_o often_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o example_n but_o this_o most_o usual_o arise_v when_o the_o encouragement_n to_o any_o sin_n be_v general_a and_o can_v be_v repress_v without_o sharp_a and_o speedy_a remedy_n now_o the_o principal_a encouragement_n to_o sin_n be_v these_o two_o namely_o custom_n and_o facility_n xxxv_o custom_n &_o facility_n how_o they_o add_v or_o detract_v from_o the_o punishment_n of_o sin_n which_o two_o be_v so_o dangerous_a aught_o to_o be_v provide_v against_o by_o sharp_a and_o severe_a law_n the_o hebrew_a law_n do_v punish_v a_o thief_n more_o severe_o for_o steal_v sheep_n or_o ox_n out_o of_o the_o field_n than_o out_o of_o the_o house_n exod._n 22.1.9_o for_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o field_n be_v to_o restore_v four_o and_o fivefold_a but_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o house_n but_o double_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o cattle_n in_o the_o field_n be_v more_o easy_o drive_v away_o and_o therefore_o have_v need_n to_o be_v secure_v by_o the_o severe_a law_n roscio_n orat._n pro_fw-la roscio_n those_o crime_n say_v cicero_n be_v to_o be_v fit_v with_o the_o severe_a punishment_n praecaventur_fw-la ea_fw-la maximè_fw-la animadvertenda_fw-la peccata_fw-la quae_fw-la difficilimè_fw-la praecaventur_fw-la which_o can_v be_v prevent_v without_o great_a difficulty_n so_o justin_n speak_v of_o the_o scythian_n say_v there_o be_v no_o crime_n so_o heinous_a as_o theft_n because_o to_o they_o who_o have_v neither_o house_n nor_o enclosure_n to_o secure_v their_o herd_n of_o cattle_n or_o their_o flock_n of_o sheep_n in_o what_o safety_n can_v there_o be_v if_o it_o be_v permit_v unto_o they_o to_o rob_v and_o steal_v much_o like_a unto_o that_o in_o aristotle_n problem_n where_o speak_v of_o such_o thief_n as_o frequent_v bath_n he_o say_v that_o the_o lawgiver_n consider_v that_o the_o owner_n can_v not_o in_o those_o place_n look_v after_o their_o thing_n wise_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o safeguard_n of_o severe_a law_n and_o according_o we_o find_v that_o these_o balneary_a thief_n be_v in_o athens_n punish_v with_o death_n if_o what_o they_o there_o steal_v be_v above_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o drachma_n as_o demosthenes_n testify_v against_o timocrates_n the_o custom_n of_o a_o fact_n although_o it_o detract_v somewhat_o from_o the_o crime_n for_o as_o pliny_n speak_v in_o such_o a_o case_n he_o give_v he_o his_o pardon_n and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o though_o the_o fact_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n yet_o be_v it_o common_o commit_v and_o not_o punish_v yet_o do_v it_o require_v in_o some_o sort_n to_o have_v be_v severe_o punish_v because_o as_o saturninus_n speak_v nimium_fw-la multis_fw-la grassantibus_fw-la opus_fw-la exemplo_fw-la est_fw-la when_o a_o sin_n begin_v to_o spread_v and_o malefactor_n grow_v numerous_a than_o some_o exemplary_a punishment_n seem_v necessary_a for_o as_o a_o hotheaded_a horse_n have_v need_n of_o a_o strong_a rein_n so_o the_o more_o public_a and_o customary_a a_o sin_n grow_v the_o sharp_a shall_v be_v the_o punishment_n to_o suppress_v it_o but_o the_o former_a that_o be_v clemency_n in_o acquit_v offender_n be_v more_o to_o be_v follow_v in_o give_v sentence_n and_o shall_v be_v our_o guide_n in_o pass_a judgement_n but_o the_o law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v severe_a and_o impartial_a yet_o with_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o time_n when_o those_o law_n or_o judgement_n be_v make_v and_o publish_v because_o the_o benefit_n that_o arise_v by_o punishment_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o universality_n as_o all_o law_n also_o have_v but_o offence_n do_v vary_v and_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o every_o offender_n for_o in_o some_o they_o be_v great_a and_o in_o some_o less_o xxxvi_o clemency_n in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o great_a or_o urgent_a cause_n to_o exact_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n there_o we_o shall_v incline_v to_o mitigate_v punishment_n for_o herein_o consist_v one_o part_n of_o clemency_n the_o other_o part_n consist_v in_o their_o total_a remission_n because_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o find_v out_o a_o equal_a temperament_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n say_v seneca_n therefore_o let_v the_o inequality_n be_v always_o on_o the_o gentle_a side_n 1._o de_fw-fr clem._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o and_o in_o another_o place_n poenam_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la tutò_fw-la poterit_fw-la condonet_fw-la sin_v minus_fw-la temperet_fw-la if_o it_o may_v safe_o be_v do_v the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o forgive_v if_o that_o can_v be_v the_o next_o be_v to_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n in_o diodorus_n siculus_n we_o find_v one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n high_o commend_v for_o inflict_a punishment_n less_o than_o the_o sin_n deserve_v so_o justin_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o huns_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o to_o exact_v punishment_n equal_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o indeed_o as_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mercy_n even_o in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n the_o lesser_a lose_v much_o of_o their_o name_n and_o nature_n where_o the_o sin_n deserve_v great_a it_o be_v say_v of_o marcus_n antoninus_n that_o his_o custom_n be_v always_o to_o award_v punishment_n somewhat_o lesser_a than_o the_o crime_n deserve_v or_o the_o law_n require_v and_o isaeus_n the_o orator_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v severe_a but_o the_o punishment_n always_o mild_a than_o the_o law_n the_o like_a by_o way_n of_o advice_n we_o find_v in_o isocrates_n to_o make_v the_o punishment_n always_o less_o rigorous_a than_o the_o sin_n be_v heinous_a this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n under_o the_o symbol_n of_o a_o pomegranet-tree_n with_o this_o word_n subacre_n very_o sharp_a and_o cassiodore_n report_v it_o of_o a_o king_n 40._o lib._n 11._o 40._o who_o be_v often_o hear_v to_o say_v where_o there_o be_v danger_n we_o be_v severe_a but_o where_o we_o be_v safe_a we_o always_o pardon_v when_o some_o donatist_n be_v apprehend_v and_o bring_v before_o marcellinus_n for_o whip_v a_o catholic_n priest_n put_v out_o one_o of_o his_o eye_n and_o cut_v off_o one_o of_o his_o finger_n circumcelliones_fw-la ep._n 159._o grat._n c._n 23._o q._n 5._o circumcelliones_fw-la st_n augustine_n fear_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v proceed_v against_o they_o by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n humble_o beseech_v marcellinus_n that_o he_o will_v not_o do_v so_o nor_o suffer_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v for_o nothing_o say_v he_o more_o become_v a_o prince_n than_o clemency_n and_o as_o macedonius_n tell_v st_n augustine_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o priest_n to_o intercede_v for_o the_o guilty_a xxxvii_o to_o these_o be_v refer_v whatsoever_o the_o roman_n or_o hebrew_n have_v write_v concern_v punishment_n thus_o have_v we_o i_o hope_v omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o itself_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a enough_o for_o those_o four_o thing_n which_o as_o maimonides_n say_v ought_v principal_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o punishment_n namely_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v the_o damage_n give_v the_o frequency_n of_o such_o sinner_n the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o temptation_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o commit_v it_o we_o have_v refer_v to_o their_o proper_a place_n no_o less_o than_o those_o seven_o mention_v by_o saturninus_n though_o confuse_o enough_o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o person_n offend_v he_o be_v consider_v principal_o in_o his_o aptitude_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o cause_n exciting_a to_o or_o restrain_v from_o sin_n whereof_o we_o have_v treat_v before_o the_o person_n suffer_v by_o that_o sin_n do_v sometime_o guide_v we_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n 31._o sect._n 31._o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v commit_v do_v either_o peculiarly_a aggravate_v it_o or_o appertain_v likewise_o to_o the_o facility_n of_o sin_v 30._o sect._n 30._o for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v philo_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o a_o stranger_n as_o to_o one_o own_o father_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o speak_v evil_a of_o a_o private_a man_n as_o of_o a_o magistrate_n or_o to_o commit_v a_o unlawful_a thing_n in_o a_o common_a or_o profane_a place_n as_o in_o a_o sacred_a or_o on_o a_o holy_a day_n as_o on_o another_o day_n in_o a_o private_a house_n as_o in_o a_o public_a assembly_n for_o as_o ulpian_n observe_v there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o a_o injury_n commit_v in_o the_o view_n of_o
of_o israel_n 138._o quaest_n ad_fw-la orthod_n 138._o and_o have_v absolute_a power_n over_o their_o life_n take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o pestilence_n thereby_o punish_v both_o prince_n and_o people_n for_o as_o a_o good_a christian_a author_n say_v well_o king_n be_v never_o more_o severe_o punish_v than_o when_o they_o be_v punish_v in_o their_o subject_n and_o this_o be_v as_o just_a with_o god_n as_o it_o be_v with_o man_n ordinary_o to_o be_v whip_v on_o the_o back_n for_o a_o offence_n commit_v by_o the_o hand_n or_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o physician_n to_o burn_v a_o man_n on_o the_o great_a toe_n to_o cure_v he_o of_o a_o pain_n in_o the_o hip_n as_o plutarch_n make_v the_o comparison_n but_o why_o this_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o man_n we_o have_v already_o show_v xviii_o nor_n dissenter_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o major_a part_n the_o self_n same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o particular_a person_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o as_o do_v not_o consent_v unto_o those_o injury_n that_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n xix_o the_o heir_n not_o oblige_v to_o his_o father_n punishment_n as_o such_o and_o why_o but_o why_o the_o heir_n that_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o other_o debt_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o this_o of_o punishment_n the_o true_a cause_n be_v because_o the_o heir_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o decease_a not_o in_o merit_n which_o be_v mere_o personal_a but_o in_o his_o good_n whereunto_o that_o those_o also_o that_o be_v owe_v unto_o any_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o very_a inequality_n of_o thing_n shall_v cohere_v be_v at_o the_o first_o by_o a_o general_a consent_n introduce_v with_o dominion_n itself_o rhodiana_n orat._n rhodiana_n for_o as_o dion_n prusiensis_fw-la observe_v whatsoever_o be_v owe_v by_o the_o father_n be_v no_o less_o due_a from_o his_o posterity_n neither_o can_v you_o just_o charge_v it_o upon_o we_o that_o we_o have_v renounce_v our_o inheritance_n so_o likewise_o cicero_n there_o be_v no_o person_n so_o fit_a to_o succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o decease_a as_o the_o right_a heir_n xx._n yet_o he_o be_v if_o that_o punishment_n be_v change_v into_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o debt_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o beyond_o the_o merit_n there_o appear_v any_o new_a cause_n of_o obligation_n than_o even_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v just_o due_a though_o not_o proper_o as_o a_o punishment_n so_o we_o have_v see_v that_o sometime_o after_o the_o sentence_n be_v past_a and_o sometime_o after_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o such_o thing_n as_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o composition_n the_o mulct_n or_o pecuniary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o heir_n as_o even_o that_o also_o which_o be_v draw_v into_o that_o agreement_n because_o there_o now_o appear_v a_o new_a cause_n of_o obligation_n chap._n xxii_o of_o cause_n of_o war_n that_o be_v unjust_a i._o the_o difference_n between_o cause_n that_o be_v just_a and_o such_o as_o be_v suasory_n only_o explain_v ii_o the_o war_n that_o have_v neither_o of_o these_o be_v brutish_a iii_o that_o war_n that_o have_v cause_n suasory_n only_o not_o justify_v be_v predary_n iv_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v not_o v._o as_o uncertain_a fear_n vi_o profit_n without_o necessity_n vii_o the_o denial_n of_o wife_n where_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o woman_n viii_o the_o desire_n to_o plant_v in_o a_o better_a soil_n ix_o the_o find_v out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v preoccupyed_n by_o other_o x._o what_o if_o those_o pre-occupier_n be_v altogether_o mad_a xi_o the_o desire_n of_o liberty_n no_o just_a cause_n in_o such_o as_o be_v subject_n xii_o nor_o the_o desire_n to_o rule_v over_o other_o without_o their_o consent_n though_o for_o their_o good_a xiii_o nor_o the_o title_n of_o be_v universal_a monarch_n which_o some_o have_v give_v to_o the_o emperor_n which_o be_v refute_v fourteen_o which_o other_o give_v to_o the_o church_n which_o be_v also_o refute_v xv._o as_o also_o a_o pretence_n to_o fulfil_v some_o prophecy_n without_o a_o special_a command_n from_o god_n xvi_o as_o also_o a_o pretence_n of_o some_o due_a debt_n though_o not_o in_o strictness_n of_o right_n but_o some_o other_o way_n vii_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o war_n who_o cause_n be_v unjust_a and_o that_o which_o be_v some_o other_o way_n unjust_a and_o the_o divers_a effect_n of_o both_o i._o the_o difference_n between_o the_o true_a and_o the_o pretend_a cause_n of_o war._n of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n some_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v above_o 1._o above_o lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o justify_v some_o suasory_n only_o those_o that_o be_v unjust_a have_v notwithstanding_o always_o some_o specious_a pretence_n or_o other_o to_o make_v the_o war_n to_o appear_v just_a which_o polybius_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o he_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o true_a cause_n which_o ofttimes_o lie_v couchant_a whilst_o something_o that_o be_v more_o plausible_a be_v expose_v to_o the_o public_a view_n as_o in_o the_o war_n which_o alexander_n make_v against_o darius_n the_o preface_n or_o pretence_n be_v to_o revenge_v some_o wrong_n which_o the_o persian_n have_v long_o before_o do_v unto_o the_o grecian_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v ambition_n and_o a_o vehement_a thirst_n after_o sovereignty_n and_o riches_n which_o also_o be_v very_o much_o heighten_v by_o the_o facility_n of_o the_o enterprise_n which_o he_o collect_v from_o the_o success_n which_o both_o xenophon_n and_o agesilaus_n have_v before_o in_o their_o several_a expedition_n thucydides_n distinguish_v they_o into_o the_o outward_a show_n and_o the_o inward_a truth_n as_o when_o the_o athenian_n make_v war_n against_o sicily_n they_o open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v only_o to_o aid_v the_o aegestan_n but_o the_o naked_a truth_n be_v to_o gain_v sicily_n to_o themselves_o appian_n also_o have_v the_o very_a same_o expression_n in_o the_o war_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o mithridates_n and_o also_o in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o their_o civil_a war_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o peace_n break_v between_o octavius_n and_o sextus_n pompeius_n he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o be_v true_a but_o latent_fw-la and_o other_o that_o be_v feign_v and_o pretend_v only_o the_o one_o be_v but_o as_o a_o cloak_n or_o vizard_n the_o other_o be_v the_o real_a purpose_n and_o intention_n it_o be_v true_a what_o procopius_n in_o his_o persian_a war_n say_v 2._o lib._n 2._o stultum_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la libere_fw-la loqui_fw-la ubi_fw-la justitia_fw-la dux_fw-la est_fw-la comes_fw-la utilitas_fw-la it_o be_v but_o folly_n to_o dissemble_v where_o justice_n be_v our_o guide_n and_o profit_v our_o companion_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n be_v a_o contest_v about_o saguntum_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v the_o secret_a disgust_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v against_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o hard_a condition_n they_o have_v impose_v on_o they_o in_o the_o low_a ebb_n of_o their_o fortune_n and_o the_o great_a confidence_n they_o have_v in_o their_o own_o strength_n upon_o some_o prosperous_a success_n they_o then_o have_v in_o spain_n as_o polybius_n observe_v the_o same_o distinction_n we_o find_v use_v by_o livy_n 7._o liv._o lib._n 7._o in_o the_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o campane_n to_o the_o roman_n concern_v their_o engagement_n against_o the_o samnite_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v only_o to_o assist_v the_o sedicine_n but_o their_o main_a end_n be_v their_o own_o defence_n because_o they_o foresee_v that_o when_o their_o neighbour_n house_n be_v burn_v the_o fire_n will_v quick_o reach_v they_o so_o when_o antiochus_n make_v war_n against_o the_o roman_n his_o pretence_n be_v to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o barcilla_n and_o some_o other_o wrong_v receive_v 36._o lib._n 36._o but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v the_o great_a hope_n he_o have_v to_o make_v some_o advantage_n to_o himself_o of_o the_o looseness_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n and_z and_o plutarch_n observe_v that_o when_o cicero_n object_v against_o anthony_n that_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n it_o be_v but_o a_o pretence_n for_o caesar_n resolve_v to_o make_v war_n take_v only_o his_o pretence_n from_o anthony_n ii_o a_o war_n without_o any_o cause_n be_v brutish_a some_o there_o be_v that_o be_v carry_v headlong_o into_o war_n without_o either_o of_o these_o cause_n periculorum_fw-la propter_fw-la se_fw-la avidi_fw-la that_o delight_n only_o in_o sweat_n and_o blood_n and_o that_o live_v whole_o upon_o spoil_n and_o rapine_n this_o be_v a_o vice_n so_o much_o beneath_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n that_o aristotle_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d
that_o prudence_n that_o christ_n command_v to_o his_o disciple_n where_o he_o bid_v they_o to_o be_v wise_a as_o serpent_n but_o innocent_a as_o dove_n and_o this_o be_v the_o prudence_n of_o empire_n that_o if_o any_o one_o will_v annoy_v we_o to_o take_v such_o care_n and_o to_o use_v such_o mean_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o hurt_v we_o which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n as_o first_o if_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n do_v see_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o any_o one_o prince_n so_o as_o to_o conceive_v some_o jealousy_n of_o he_o they_o ought_v to_o combine_v in_o a_o strong_a league_n that_o if_o either_o shall_v be_v invade_v unjust_o they_o shall_v all_o make_v war_n against_o the_o aggressor_n this_o be_v then_o a_o just_a cause_n of_o war._n thus_o the_o italian_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o venetian_n power_n league_v themselves_o for_o their_o own_o defence_n so_o that_o though_o that_o republic_n be_v too_o strong_a for_o any_o of_o they_o single_o yet_o be_v far_o too_o weak_a for_o they_o all_o it_o be_v wise_o keep_v within_o its_o own_o bound_n livy_n discourse_v of_o the_o several_a opinion_n of_o man_n concern_v the_o war_n between_o perseus_n and_o the_o roman_n some_o wish_v well_o to_o one_o and_o some_o to_o another_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a sort_n wish_v the_o victory_n to_o neither_o for_o so_o shall_v they_o live_v free_a and_o secure_a from_o both_o for_o if_o either_o of_o the_o two_o party_n shall_v offer_v to_o opress_v they_o the_o other_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o secure_v they_o and_o as_o spain_n former_o so_o france_n now_o aspire_v to_o act_v universal_a monarchy_n all_o european_a prince_n have_v reason_n to_o be_v jealous_a of_o he_o and_o to_o combine_v together_o to_o withstand_v he_o second_o if_o any_o potentate_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o his_o neighbour_n shall_v unjust_o oppress_v any_o of_o they_o the_o rest_n ought_v to_o confederate_n and_o to_o compel_v the_o aggressor_n to_o accept_v of_o due_a satisfaction_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n for_o it_o which_o if_o he_o refuse_v his_o cause_n then_o be_v unjust_a much_o more_o if_o it_o be_v original_o so_o they_o may_v all_o of_o they_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o as_o be_v the_o disturber_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n thus_o do_v the_o italian_a prince_n against_o the_o french_a when_o they_o be_v invade_v by_o charles_n the_o eight_o which_o occasion_v the_o late_a triple_a league_n or_o alliance_n when_o the_o french_a have_v seize_v upon_o the_o county_n of_o burgundy_n and_o invade_v flanders_n both_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o which_o be_v the_o main_a demonstration_n of_o their_o valour_n and_o strength_n the_o credit_n and_o esteem_v they_o have_v before_o other_o they_o get_v not_o by_o injury_n and_o oppression_n every_o man_n among_o they_o have_v his_o arm_n in_o readiness_n and_o if_o occasion_n require_v they_o have_v a_o army_n both_o of_o man_n and_o horse_n they_o have_v good_a store_n and_o thus_o they_o keep_v up_o the_o repute_n of_o be_v a_o warlike_a nation_n though_o they_o live_v in_o peace_n vi_o unnecessary_a profit_n neither_o have_v profit_n the_o same_o right_a to_o make_v a_o just_a war_n as_o necessity_n have_v vii_o the_o denial_n of_o marriage_n neither_o be_v the_o denial_n of_o marriage_n though_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o woman_n any_o just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n which_o notwithstanding_o hercules_n make_v the_o ground_n of_o his_o war_n against_o eurytus_n who_o deny_v he_o his_o daughter_n jole_n in_o marriage_n as_o darius_n also_o do_v of_o his_o war_n against_o the_o scythian_n viii_o desire_v to_o plant_v in_o a_o better_a soil_n nor_o be_v the_o desire_n of_o possess_v a_o more_o fruitful_a or_o more_o healthful_a soil_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o such_o as_o inhabit_v fen_n or_o desert_n any_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n which_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o ancient_a german_n as_o tacitus_n record_v 4._o record_v hist_o l._n 4._o ix_o the_o discovery_n of_o thing_n pre-occupied_n by_o other_o neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_a to_o justify_v a_o war_n to_o pretend_v that_o we_o be_v the_o first_o discoverer_n of_o any_o place_n in_o case_n it_o be_v possess_v though_o by_o pagan_n and_o infidel_n or_o by_o man_n of_o dull_a apprehension_n for_o 31._o for_o vict._n de_fw-fr ind._n rel._n 1._o n._n 31._o inventio_fw-la est_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la nullius_fw-la sunt_fw-la to_o entitle_v ourselves_o to_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o land_n so_o find_v shall_v belong_v to_o none_o x._o what_o if_o the_o pre-occupants_a be_v mad_a neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v endue_v with_o virtue_n either_o moral_a or_o theological_n or_o to_o be_v of_o a_o quick_a understanding_n yet_o may_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v justifiable_a that_o in_o case_n there_o can_v be_v find_v a_o people_n that_o have_v no_o use_n of_o natural_a reason_n at_o all_o there_o all_o right_a and_o dominion_n may_v be_v take_v from_o they_o yet_o ought_v we_o in_o charity_n to_o make_v they_o such_o a_o allowance_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o support_n and_o maintenance_n as_o well_o as_o unto_o other_o idiot_n and_o madman_n for_o as_o to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o care_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v to_o preserve_v the_o property_n of_o infant_n and_o lunatic_n it_o appertain_v to_o such_o people_n with_o who_o we_o have_v any_o commerce_n or_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o which_o we_o can_v have_v with_o such_o a_o people_n as_o be_v whole_o and_o altogether_o destitute_a of_o reason_n 2._o plato_n de_fw-fr rep._n lib._n 2._o and_o therefore_o of_o these_o i_o may_v very_o well_o doubt_v whether_o they_o have_v any_o property_n at_o all_o the_o grecian_n then_o be_v very_o unjust_a in_o conclude_v the_o barbarian_n to_o be_v natural_o their_o enemy_n because_o they_o differ_v from_o they_o in_o manner_n and_o be_v not_o so_o quick_a of_o understanding_n as_o themselves_o 31._o livy_n lib._n 31._o but_o how_o far_o forth_o a_o man_n right_n and_o property_n may_v be_v take_v away_o for_o some_o heinous_a crime_n commit_v against_o nature_n or_o humane_a society_n be_v another_o question_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v 40._o vide_fw-la supra_fw-la ch._n 20._o §._o 40._o where_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o right_n of_o punishment_n xi_o nor_o the_o desire_n of_o liberty_n in_o such_o as_o be_v subject_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o just_a cause_n for_o any_o people_n or_o person_n to_o take_v arm_n to_o endeavour_v to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n be_v lose_v as_o if_o it_o do_v natural_o and_o always_o belong_v unto_o they_o for_o when_o we_o say_v that_o man_n or_o city_n be_v natural_o free_a we_o mean_v that_o they_o be_v so_o by_o that_o right_n of_o nature_n which_o precede_v all_o humane_a constitution_n in_o which_o sense_n liberty_n be_v take_v only_o for_o a_o privation_n of_o slavery_n but_o not_o as_o it_o be_v contradictory_n to_o servitude_n so_o that_o though_o by_o nature_n no_o man_n be_v a_o servant_n yet_o no_o man_n have_v by_o nature_n this_o privilege_n that_o he_o can_v never_o be_v make_v so_o for_o in_o this_o sense_n no_o man_n be_v free_a and_o thus_o be_v that_o of_o albutius_n to_o be_v understand_v nemo_fw-la natus_fw-la servus_n est_fw-la nemo_fw-la libre_fw-la 21._o sen._n lib._n 3._o contr_n 21._o haec_fw-la postea_fw-la nomina_fw-la singulis_fw-la imposuit_fw-la fortuna_fw-la to_o be_v bear_v either_o bond_n or_o free_n be_v the_o badge_n of_o fortune_n and_o not_o of_o nature_n so_o aristotle_n it_o be_v the_o law_n that_o make_v any_o man_n either_o a_o freeman_n or_o a_o servant_n and_o therefore_o into_o what_o estate_n soever_o fortune_n have_v cast_v we_o be_v it_o of_o freedom_n or_o of_o lawful_a subjection_n and_o that_o either_o personal_a or_o civil_a we_o ought_v therewith_o to_o be_v content_a and_o in_o no_o wise_a to_o struggle_v or_o repine_v against_o it_o according_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o apostle_n 7.21_o 1_o cor._n 7.21_o be_v thou_o call_v to_o be_v a_o servant_n grieve_v not_o at_o it_o xii_o nor_o the_o desire_n of_o rule_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o those_o who_o we_o will_v rule_v neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o reduce_v those_o under_o his_o government_n who_o deserve_v to_o be_v enslave_v or_o as_o philosopher_n say_v be_v natural_o slave_n for_o although_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o they_o to_o be_v well_o govern_v yet_o this_o give_v no_o right_a to_o any_o man_n to_o compel_v they_o thereunto_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n for_o to_o such_o as_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n the_o choice_n of_o thing_n profitable_a and_o unprofitable_a
not_o into_o the_o world_n to_o invade_v another_o man_n glory_n but_o to_o communicate_v his_o own_o not_o to_o usurp_v a_o earthly_a kingdom_n but_o to_o confer_v a_o heavenly_a st_n paul_n tell_v timothy_n that_o a_o bishop_n shall_v be_v no_o striker_n 1_o tim._n 3.2_o nor_o rule_n by_o constraint_n or_o compulsion_n for_o to_o dâ—ive_v by_o force_n better_a become_v a_o king_n than_o a_o bishop_n prince_n may_v exercise_v their_o power_n in_o punish_v offender_n to_o deter_v they_o from_o do_v evil_a 2._o de_fw-fr sacerd._n l._n 2._o but_o what_o we_o do_v say_v chrysostome_n must_v be_v not_o by_o coercion_n but_o by_o persuasion_n whereunto_o he_o add_v this_o reason_n for_o god_n crown_v not_o our_o force_a but_o our_o voluntary_a or_o as_o st_n paul_n speak_v our_o reasonable_a service_n 1.4_o ad_fw-la eph._n 1.4_o so_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o instruct_v persuade_v exhort_v and_o reprove_v but_o not_o to_o command_v or_o to_o compel_v consiliariorum_fw-la locum_fw-la obtinemus_fw-la we_o serve_v as_o councillor_n to_o advice_n and_o to_o give_v our_o opinion_n but_o still_o we_o leave_v our_o auditor_n to_o their_o free_a choice_n whether_o they_o will_v act_v according_o or_o no_o we_o have_v no_o such_o power_n give_v we_o as_o to_o restrain_v man_n from_o sin_v by_o severe_a punishment_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o bishop_n as_o such_o have_v no_o right_n of_o domination_n over_o man_n nepotiani_n in_o epitaphio_fw-la nepotiani_n as_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v st_n hierome_n distinguish_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o bishop_n conclude_v that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o king_n for_o a_o king_n may_v enforce_v to_o a_o unwilling_a obedience_n but_o a_o bishop_n have_v no_o power_n but_o over_o such_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o obey_v he_o episcopus_fw-la docet_fw-la ne_fw-la judex_n inveniat_fw-la quod_fw-la puniat_fw-la the_o bishop_n instruct_v and_o admonish_v that_o the_o magistrate_n may_v find_v no_o cause_n to_o punish_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n concern_v the_o pope_n ecclesiam_fw-la regat_fw-la ille_fw-la svam_fw-la divinaque_fw-la jura_fw-la temperet_fw-la imperium_fw-la nobis_fw-la fascesque_fw-la relinquat_fw-la let_v he_o his_o own_o church_n rule_v by_o law_n divine_a but_o let_v the_o sword_n and_o sceptre_n still_o be_v i_o and_o when_o suenno_n king_n of_o denmark_n stand_v excommunicate_a william_n bishop_n of_o rosâ—hil_n in_o oppose_v himself_o against_o he_o at_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n with_o his_o pastoral_a staff_n and_o expose_v his_o breast_n naked_a to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n who_o offer_v to_o draw_v upon_o he_o do_v therein_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a bishop_n the_o like_a do_v st_n ambrose_n to_o the_o emperor_n valentinus_n as_o we_o have_v declare_v above_o 5._o bo._n 1._o ch_n 4._o §._o 5._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o king_n themselves_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o such_o as_o have_v reject_v christianity_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o punishment_n as_o far_o as_o suffice_v to_o our_o purpose_n xv._o the_o pretence_n of_o fulfil_n of_o prophecy_n no_o cause_n of_o war._n and_o hereof_o also_o i_o shall_v give_v my_o advice_n and_o that_o not_o in_o vain_a but_o because_o i_o foresee_v by_o compare_v these_o modern_a time_n with_o those_o long_o since_o past_a much_o mischief_n likely_a to_o ensue_v unless_o in_o time_n careful_o prevent_v that_o the_o hope_n we_o conceive_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v due_a unto_o we_o by_o our_o own_o interpretation_n of_o some_o divine_a prophecy_n can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war._n zozimus_n record_v it_o of_o nicomedes_n the_o son_n of_o prusias_n that_o mis-appling_a a_o prophecy_n of_o one_o of_o the_o sibyl_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o attalus_n make_v war_n against_o his_o own_o father_n the_o like_a he_o and_o ammianus_n relate_v of_o one_o theodorus_n so_o do_v procopius_n of_o john_n of_o cappadocia_n gratian._n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n gratian._n for_o beside_o that_o those_o prophecy_n which_o be_v not_o fulfil_v can_v certain_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o prophetic_a spirit_n the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v certain_a may_v be_v hide_v from_o we_o and_o last_o the_o bare_a prediction_n unless_o it_o be_v back_v with_o a_o express_a command_n from_o god_n give_v no_o right_a to_o any_o man_n sâ—eing_v that_o god_n permit_v such_o thing_n as_o he_o predict_v to_o be_v sometime_o bring_v to_o pass_v by_o wicked_a man_n and_o by_o wicked_a action_n for_o the_o book_n of_o the_o prophet_n be_v shut_v and_o seal_v up_o until_o a_o certain_a time_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v understand_v dan._n 12.4.8.9_o the_o vision_n that_o the_o prophet_n habbakkuk_n see_v concern_v the_o judgement_n to_o fall_v on_o the_o chaldaean_n be_v not_o immediate_o to_o be_v inflict_v on_o they_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fulfil_v in_o its_o appoint_a time_n in_o the_o end_n whereof_o say_v that_o vision_n it_o shall_v speak_v and_o not_o lie_v though_o it_o do_v tarry_v yet_o be_v the_o prophet_n to_o wait_v for_o it_o for_o it_o shall_v sure_o come_v to_o pass_v and_o not_o stay_v hab._n 2.3_o time_n then_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o prophecy_n st_n jerome_n upon_o that_o place_n of_o daniel_n before-recited_n write_v thus_o if_o the_o prophet_n do_v hear_v and_o not_o understand_v what_o will_v they_o do_v who_o presume_v on_o their_o own_o understanding_n have_v publish_v this_o book_n which_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o until_o the_o time_n come_v for_o its_o accomplishment_n so_o procopius_n concern_v the_o oracle_n of_o the_o sibyl_n which_o say_v he_o i_o believe_v be_v beyond_o all_o humane_a power_n to_o unfold_v until_o the_o time_n come_v when_o they_o shall_v be_v fulfil_v let_v divine_n therefore_o take_v heed_n how_o they_o undertake_v to_o unriddle_v prophecy_n and_o let_v politician_n beware_v how_o they_o give_v credit_n to_o over-arrogating_a divine_n though_o the_o thing_n predict_v be_v certain_o to_o come_v to_o pass_v yet_o be_v the_o time_n and_o mean_n when_o and_o whereby_o they_o be_v to_o be_v accomplish_v very_o uncertain_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o dishonour_n to_o profess_v our_o ignorance_n of_o they_o eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la scire_fw-la nec_fw-la datur_fw-la nec_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la docta_fw-la est_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la scientiae_fw-la appetus_fw-la insaniae_fw-la species_n some_o kind_n of_o madness_n it_o be_v to_o desire_v to_o know_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v therefore_o screen_v from_o we_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o know_v they_o the_o secret_a thing_n belong_v unto_o god_n but_o the_o thing_n reveal_v unto_o we_o deut._n 29.29_o xvi_o nor_o a_o debt_n not_o strict_o due_a but_o some_o other_o way_n thus_o also_o be_v it_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n be_v owe_v to_o a_o man_n not_o strict_o out_o of_o justice_n but_o arise_v from_o some_o other_o virtue_n as_o from_o liberality_n favour_n mercy_n love_n or_o the_o like_a as_o it_o can_v be_v recover_v by_o any_o course_n of_o law_n so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v require_v by_o war._n for_o to_o either_o of_o these_o it_o suffice_v not_o that_o what_o be_v require_v be_v for_o some_o moral_a reason_n to_o be_v do_v but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v in_o we_o some_o kind_n of_o right_n unto_o that_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o right_a as_o the_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a do_v sometime_o give_v even_o unto_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v due_a by_o other_o virtue_n which_o when_o it_o happen_v than_o it_o become_v a_o debt_n after_o a_o new_a way_n which_o now_o appertain_v to_o justice_n but_o this_o be_v want_v the_o war_n that_o be_v make_v for_o this_o cause_n be_v unjust_a as_o be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o king_n of_o cyprus_n or_o ingratitude_n for_o he_o that_o do_v a_o courtesy_n to_o another_o have_v no_o right_a to_o exact_v thanks_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o a_o courtesy_n but_o a_o contract_n or_o debt_n xvii_o though_o the_o war_n be_v just_a yet_o the_o manner_n of_o prosecute_a it_o may_v make_v it_o unjust_a it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n yet_o may_v this_o just_a cause_n be_v spoil_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o vice_n that_o cleave_v to_o the_o action_n from_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o agent_n either_o that_o something_o else_o not_o by_o itself_o unlawful_a do_v more_o efficacious_o move_v we_o to_o the_o war_n than_o the_o right_n itself_o as_o when_o we_o have_v a_o great_a prospect_n unto_o glory_n or_o when_o some_o kind_n of_o profit_n either_o public_a or_o
private_a be_v expect_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o very_a war_n be_v consider_v a_o part_n from_o the_o cause_n that_o justify_v it_o which_o vice_n be_v most_o dangerous_a because_o it_o come_v mantle_v with_o the_o robe_n of_o virtue_n but_o as_o st._n augustine_n right_o advise_v satius_fw-la est_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la inertiae_fw-la poenas_fw-la luere_fw-la quam_fw-la istorum_fw-la armorum_fw-la gloriam_fw-la quaerere_fw-la better_a it_o be_v to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n of_o any_o cowardice_n then_o to_o seek_v glory_n by_o such_o a_o war._n this_o be_v it_o that_o sully_v all_o the_o victory_n of_o alexander_n and_o for_o which_o all_o historian_n declaim_v against_o he_o as_o a_o robber_n because_o he_o make_v war_n only_o for_o ambition_n and_o to_o that_o end_n disquiet_v the_o whole_a world_n vex_v all_o nation_n without_o any_o cause_n give_v and_o make_v war_n upon_o those_o who_o he_o never_o know_v for_o what_o can_v this_o be_v but_o as_o st._n augustine_n call_v it_o grandee_n latrocinium_fw-la a_o great_a robbery_n or_o a_o just_a cause_n may_v be_v spoil_v when_o accompany_v with_o a_o passion_n manifest_o unlawful_a as_o when_o we_o rejoice_v in_o the_o destruction_n of_o our_o enemy_n bare_o as_o such_o without_o respect_n to_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a so_o aristides_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o phocenses_n be_v deserve_o destroy_v but_o withal_o he_o condemn_a king_n philip_n for_o destroy_v they_o because_o he_o do_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o religion_n as_o he_o pretend_v but_o out_o of_o a_o ambitious_a desire_n to_o enlarge_v his_o empire_n sallust_n ascribe_v all_o war_n to_o this_o one_o and_o that_o very_o ancient_a cause_n namely_o a_o vehement_a thirst_n after_o dominion_n and_o riches_n and_o it_o be_v tacitus_n his_o observation_n that_o gold_n and_o wealth_n be_v ever_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n which_o seneca_n attribute_n to_o covetousness_n and_o revenge_n mad_a anger_n and_o a_o greedy_a thirst_n for_o gain_v the_o league_n have_v break_v whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st._n augustine_n a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o make_v what_o spoil_n we_o can_v the_o cruelty_n of_o revenge_n a_o unquiet_a and_o implacable_a spirit_n contumacy_n and_o rebellion_n together_o with_o a_o ambitious_a thirst_n after_o empire_n and_o riches_n these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v deserve_o blame_v in_o all_o war_n but_o yet_o these_o where_o a_o justify_v cause_n be_v not_o want_v though_o they_o favour_v rank_o of_o a_o corrupt_a mind_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o render_v the_o war_n proper_o unjust_a and_o therefore_o restitution_n can_v just_o be_v require_v of_o damage_n sustain_v in_o such_o a_o war._n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n that_o be_v doubtful_a i._o whence_o doubt_n arise_v in_o moral_a matter_n ii_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v nothing_o contrary_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o our_o own_o judgement_n though_o erroneous_a iii_o that_o the_o judgement_n be_v sometime_o sway_v by_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o iv_o sometime_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o v._o if_o on_o either_o side_n doubt_n do_v equal_o arise_v and_o the_o matter_n be_v weighty_a and_o one_o must_v be_v choose_v than_o we_o be_v to_o choose_v the_o safe_a vi_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n we_o be_v not_o to_o engage_v in_o war._n vii_o which_o may_v be_v avoid_v either_o by_o a_o treaty_n viii_o or_o by_o arbitration_n where_o also_o be_v handle_v the_o duty_n of_o christian_a prince_n in_o mediate_a between_o the_o party_n engage_v in_o war._n ix_o or_o by_o lot_n x._o whether_o single_a combat_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o prevent_v a_o public_a war._n xi_o that_o the_o present_a occupant_a have_v some_o advantage_n where_o the_o case_n be_v equal_o doubtful_a xii_o where_o the_o case_n be_v equal_o doubtful_a on_o both_o side_n and_o neither_o party_n be_v in_o possession_n the_o matter_n contend_v for_o may_v be_v divide_v xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a explain_v by_o many_o distinction_n i._o cause_n of_o doubt_n whence_o it_o be_v true_a what_o aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o moral_n teach_v that_o there_o can_v be_v the_o same_o certainty_n in_o ethic_n as_o in_o mathematics_n which_o therefore_o happen_v because_o the_o mathematics_n abstract_a form_n from_o all_o matter_n and_o because_o the_o very_a form_n themselves_o be_v such_o for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o mean_a as_o between_o straight_a and_o crooked_a there_o be_v nothing_o intervenient_a but_o in_o moral_n the_o least_o circumstance_n vary_v the_o matter_n and_o the_o form_n concern_v which_o we_o treat_v have_v usual_o something_a interjacent_a and_o of_o that_o latitude_n that_o they_o sometime_o approach_v near_o to_o this_o extreme_a and_o sometime_o near_o to_o that_o as_o between_o thing_n absolute_o command_v and_o thing_n absolute_o interdict_v there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v do_v so_o between_o thing_n exact_o just_a and_o thing_n absolute_o unjust_a there_o be_v some_o thing_n intermediate_v whereof_o some_o incline_v near_o to_o this_o extreme_a and_o some_o to_o that_o from_o whence_o do_v often_o arise_v some_o doubt_n and_o ambiguity_n to_o whether_o of_o the_o two_o extreme_n they_o approach_v near_o as_o we_o may_v perceive_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o water_n when_o it_o be_v tepid_a and_o in_o the_o degree_n of_o light_n and_o darkness_n health_n and_o sickness_n etc._n etc._n insomuch_o that_o as_o aristotle_n say_v the_o judgement_n have_v sometime_o a_o hard_a task_n to_o determine_v which_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o other_o but_o andronicus_n rhodius_n go_v yet_o far_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n sometime_o to_o distinguish_v between_o reality_n and_o resemblance_n thing_n exact_o just_a and_o thing_n that_o be_v only_o apparent_o so_o ii_o nothing_o to_o be_v do_v against_o our_o judgement_n but_o this_o rule_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v constant_o observe_v that_o though_o a_o act_n be_v real_o just_a yet_o if_o upon_o a_o serious_a examination_n we_o shall_v judge_v it_o to_o be_v unjust_a to_o we_o if_o we_o do_v it_o it_o be_v so_o and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o st_n paul_n intend_v when_o he_o say_v whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n in_o which_o place_n faith_n signify_v the_o firm_a persuasion_n or_o judgement_n of_o the_o mind_n concern_v a_o thing_n 14.23_o rom._n 14.23_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o those_o other_o expression_n of_o st_n paul_n in_o the_o same_o chapter_n let_v every_o man_n be_v full_a y_o persuade_v in_o his_o own_o mind_n bâ—â—ssed_a be_v the_o man_n that_o condemn_v not_o himself_o in_o that_o which_o he_o allow_v peccatum_fw-la est_fw-la quoth_v aliter_fw-la fit_n quam_fw-la probatum_fw-la est_fw-la whatsoever_o any_o man_n do_v say_v st_n ambrose_n ambrose_n ambrose_n otherwise_o than_o what_o his_o own_o conscience_n approve_v be_v sin_n for_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v well_o do_v say_v plutarch_n timoleonte_n plut._n timoleonte_n it_o be_v requisite_a not_o onâ—y_o that_o what_o be_v do_v be_v just_a and_o honest_a but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o firm_a and_o constant_a persuasion_n of_o mind_n in_o he_o that_o do_v it_o that_o what_o be_v do_v be_v therefore_o do_v because_o his_o conscience_n tell_v he_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o do_v for_o god_n have_v endue_v the_o rational_a soul_n with_o a_o discern_a faculty_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v guide_v we_o in_o all_o our_o action_n which_o be_v slight_v the_o mind_n immediate_o become_v sensual_a and_o brutish_a but_o yet_o it_o sometime_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o judgement_n waver_v and_o give_v but_o a_o dim_a and_o uncertain_a light_n which_o if_o upon_o a_o mature_a disquisition_n we_o can_v clear_v than_o we_o shall_v take_v the_o advice_n of_o cicero_n 1._o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 1._o and_o forbear_v to_o act_v whilst_o we_o remain_v doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a the_o like_a advice_n pliny_n give_v wherein_o thou_o doubte_v forbear_v the_o hebrew_n doctor_n also_o give_v this_o caution_n beware_v and_o forbear_v in_o matter_n that_o be_v dubious_a but_o this_o be_v then_o only_o seasonable_a where_o we_o have_v a_o free_a choice_n either_o to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v but_o not_o where_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v either_o this_o or_o that_o and_o yet_o be_v unsatisfied_a in_o either_o whether_o it_o be_v just_a or_o not_o for_o there_o we_o be_v to_o choose_v that_o which_o in_o our_o judgement_n seem_v to_o be_v less_o evil_a semper_fw-la enim_fw-la ubi_fw-la electio_fw-la evadi_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la minus_fw-la malum_fw-la rationem_fw-la induit_fw-la boni_fw-la for_o always_o when_o the_o will_n be_v straighten_a between_o two_o
they_o break_v out_o into_o arms._n so_o coriolanus_n in_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_fw-la if_o a_o man_n say_v he_o without_o covet_v another_o do_v but_o demand_v his_o own_o and_o be_v thereof_o deny_v shall_v make_v war_n that_o war_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v most_o just_a for_o as_o king_n tullus_n say_v in_o the_o same_o author_n quae_fw-la verbis_fw-la componi_fw-la nequeunt_fw-la ea_fw-la armis_fw-la decernenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la those_o difference_n which_o can_v by_o reason_n be_v compose_v must_v be_v determine_v by_o blow_n and_o yet_o as_o vologeses_n in_o tacitus_n declare_v i_o have_v rather_o keep_v what_o my_o ancestor_n have_v leave_v i_o by_o equity_n than_o by_o the_o expense_n of_o blood_n by_o my_o own_o just_a title_n than_o by_o a_o doubtful_a war._n for_o as_o king_n theodorick_n wise_o observe_v then_o only_o be_v war_n profitable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n viii_o 2._o by_o arbitration_n the_o second_o way_n to_o prevent_v war_n between_o those_o who_o have_v no_o common_a judge_n between_o they_o be_v to_o put_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n to_o arbitration_n this_o though_o much_o scorn_v by_o such_o prince_n as_o be_v too_o confident_a in_o their_o own_o strength_n yet_o be_v worthy_o to_o be_v press_v and_o insist_v on_o by_o all_o that_o love_n peace_n and_o equity_n to_o persecute_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o put_v his_o case_n to_o a_o indifferent_a arbiter_n be_v impious_a and_o unjust_a say_v thucydides_n so_o concern_v thâ—_n kingdom_n of_o the_o argive_n adrastus_n and_o amphiraus_n be_v both_o content_a to_o refer_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o eriphyla_n as_o diodorus_n testify_v the_o like_a do_v the_o athenian_n and_o the_o megarense_n to_o three_o lacedaemonian_n concern_v the_o island_n salamis_n 5._o lib._n 5._o the_o same_o thucydides_n record_v this_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o article_n agree_v on_o in_o the_o league_n between_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o the_o argive_n that_o in_o case_n any_o controversy_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n arise_v between_o their_o city_n the_o matter_n in_o difference_n shall_v amicable_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o three_o city_n which_o shall_v be_v indifferent_a to_o both_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o their_o forefather_n thus_o the_o corcyrean_o declare_v their_o readiness_n to_o refer_v their_o difference_n with_o the_o corinthian_n to_o any_o of_o the_o peloponnesian_a city_n that_o they_o shall_v agree_v upon_o many_o great_a prince_n and_o state_n to_o save_v the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n have_v be_v content_v to_o put_v their_o grievance_n to_o arbitration_n aristides_n commend_v pericles_n that_o to_o avoid_v a_o doubtful_a war_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o commit_v his_o cause_n to_o indifferent_a judge_n so_o also_o do_v isocrates_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o ctesiphon_n high_o extol_v king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n for_o his_o readiness_n to_o refer_v all_o those_o controversy_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o athenian_n to_o some_o other_o city_n that_o stand_v indifferent_o affect_v to_o either_o party_n thus_o do_v the_o samnite_n as_o to_o the_o difference_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o roman_n offer_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o award_n of_o those_o state_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o both_o of_o they_o 2._o xen._n cyro_n lib._n 2._o cyrus_n make_v the_o indian_a king_n judge_n between_o himself_o and_o the_o assyrian_a so_o do_v the_o carthaginian_n to_o avoid_v a_o war_n put_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o quarrel_n with_o masinissa_n to_o the_o judgement_n oâ—_n other_o yea_o and_o the_o roman_n themselves_o do_v refer_v their_o difference_n with_o the_o samnite_n 8._o livy_n lib._n 8._o to_o be_v compromise_v by_o their_o common_a associate_n we_o for_o our_o part_n be_v ready_a say_v the_o gepidae_n to_o the_o lombard_n in_o procopius_n to_o refer_v ourselves_o to_o any_o indifferent_a arbiter_n 3._o goth_n lib._n 3._o queen_n elizabeth_z offer_v to_o refer_v the_o difference_n between_o she_o and_o the_o dane_n unto_o commissioner_n on_o both_o side_n 1600._o camden_n anno_fw-la 1600._o or_o unto_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n father_n in_o law_n and_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o mechlenburgh_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n as_o arbitrator_n now_o they_o that_o refuse_v this_o way_n of_o disceptation_n by_o reason_n argument_n or_o arbitrement_n run_v rash_o into_o war_n when_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v decline_v all_o justice_n humanity_n and_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a prince_n yet_o that_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o pope_n to_o be_v judge_n between_o he_o and_o other_o competitor_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n i_o do_v not_o wonder_v gentilis_fw-la aberic_n gentilis_fw-la because_o the_o pope_n claim_v the_o decision_n of_o all_o such_o controversy_n as_o his_o proper_a right_n wherefore_o that_o wise_a king_n be_v unwilling_a to_o add_v his_o own_o example_n to_o some_o ancient_a one_o whereby_o the_o pope_n may_v hereafter_o prove_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o sole_a arbiter_n and_o disposer_n of_o kingdom_n many_o other_o example_n may_v be_v produce_v but_o in_o a_o case_n so_o clear_a these_o may_v suffice_v plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a duty_n of_o the_o college_n of_o herald_n among_o the_o roman_n to_o take_v care_n nè_fw-la sinerent_fw-la prius_fw-la ad_fw-la bellum_fw-la veniri_fw-la quam_fw-la spes_fw-la omnis_fw-la judicii_fw-la obtinendi_fw-la periisset_fw-la that_o no_o war_n shall_v be_v attempt_v but_o where_o all_o hope_n of_o receive_v satisfaction_n for_o injury_n do_v they_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v frustrate_a and_o strabo_n testify_v of_o the_o druid_n in_o gallia_n 4._o lib._n 4._o that_o ancient_o they_o be_v the_o arbitrator_n between_o public_a enemy_n and_o that_o by_o their_o mediation_n peace_n be_v often_o make_v even_o when_o the_o army_n be_v prepare_v for_o battle_n which_o office_n do_v of_o old_a in_o spain_n appertain_v to_o their_o priest_n as_o the_o same_o author_n record_v but_o much_o more_o do_v it_o concern_v christian_a king_n and_o state_n to_o prevent_v the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n by_o this_o mean_n 11._o lib._n 11._o for_o if_o both_o jew_n and_o christian_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v arbitrator_n among_o themselves_o to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n to_o the_o intent_n 28._o vict._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n n._n 28._o that_o brother_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o law_n with_o brother_n before_o unbeliever_n as_o st_n paul_n have_v also_o command_v how_o much_o more_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o such_o arbitrator_n or_o judge_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o we_o to_o prevent_v mischief_n far_o great_a than_o go_v to_o law_n namely_o spoil_n rapine_n murder_n yea_o and_o sometime_o desolation_n which_o be_v the_o unhappy_a concomitant_n of_o cruel_a war_n from_o whence_o tertullian_n conclude_v that_o a_o christian_a ought_v not_o to_o wage_v war_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o go_v to_o law_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o qualify_a sense_n 10._o gregor_n lib._n 10._o and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o unfit_a for_o prince_n who_o profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v follower_n of_o christ_n to_o rush_v into_o arm_n one_o against_o the_o other_o with_o so_o much_o bitterness_n see_v that_o there_o be_v other_o mean_v find_v out_o to_o compromise_v their_o quarrel_n and_o to_o make_v better_a use_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o valour_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n and_o for_o this_o as_o well_o as_o for_o many_o other_o reason_n it_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a nay_o necessary_a that_o constant_a diet_n and_o convention_n of_o christian_a prince_n shall_v be_v hold_v where_o by_o the_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o interest_v all_o controversy_n may_v be_v compose_v yea_o and_o that_o some_o expedient_a may_v be_v find_v out_o to_o enforce_v both_o party_n to_o accept_v of_o peace_n upon_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a term_n whereof_o we_o may_v find_v example_n in_o cassiodore_n 4._o cassiodore_n cassiod_n lib._n 3._o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4._o gailius_n 12._o gailius_n gail_n de_fw-fr pace_n publ_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 18._o n._n 12._o and_o other_o which_o ancient_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o druid_n in_o france_n to_o who_o the_o bishop_n do_v afterward_o by_o a_o better_a right_o succeed_v so_o we_o read_v of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v refer_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o their_o peer_n ix_o 3._o by_o lot_n the_o three_o way_n to_o prevent_v war_n be_v to_o decide_v controversy_n by_o lot_n which_o dion_n chrysostome_n much_o commend_v and_o long_o before_o he_o solomon_n prov._n 18.18_o whereof_o see_v st_n augustine_n in_o his_o first_o book_n 28._o chap._n of_o
christian_a doctrine_n x._o single_a combat_n permit_v near_o of_o kin_n unto_o this_o be_v single_a combat_n between_o competitor_n the_o use_n whereof_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v reject_v for_o where_o two_o person_n stand_v in_o competition_n for_o one_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v divide_v be_v ready_a to_o embroil_v a_o whole_a nation_n in_o blood_n it_o be_v much_o better_o and_o more_o just_a that_o one_o shall_v perish_v for_o all_o than_o that_o all_o shall_v perish_v for_o one_o only_a in_o which_o case_n that_o of_o jocasta_n in_o seneca_n be_v good_a advice_n otho_n plut._n otho_n theb._n theb._n rex_fw-la sit_fw-la è_fw-la vobis_fw-la uter_fw-la manente_fw-la regno_fw-la quaerite_fw-la try_v which_o of_o you_o shall_v reign_v but_o let_v the_o kingdom_n still_o remain_v and_o this_o if_o not_o justifiable_a in_o the_o competitor_n themselves_o yet_o may_v it_o well_o be_v accept_v of_o by_o the_o people_n if_o offer_v as_o be_v of_o two_o evil_n by_o much_o the_o lesser_a thus_o metius_n in_o livy_n bespeak_v tullus_n 5._o lib._n 5._o let_v we_o agree_v about_o some_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v determine_v whether_o of_o we_o two_o shall_v reign_v over_o the_o other_o without_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n or_o the_o slaughter_n of_o either_o of_o our_o people_n strabo_n set_v it_o down_o as_o a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o aeneas_n in_o virgil_n account_v it_o a_o very_a just_a thing_n that_o the_o quarrel_n between_o turnus_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v thus_o decide_v 11._o aen._n 11._o fitter_n it_o have_v be_v for_o turnus_n thus_o to_o have_v die_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o m._n anthony_n challenge_v caesar_n to_o a_o single_a combat_n as_o plutarch_n record_v ant._n vit._n ant._n sure_o it_o be_v that_o among_o other_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a franc_n agathias_n high_o commend_v this_o who_o word_n be_v worthy_a of_o eternal_a memory_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n no_o soon_o do_v any_o quarrel_n arise_v between_o their_o king_n but_o immediate_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n they_o raise_v army_n and_o march_n against_o each_o other_o so_o furious_o as_o if_o nothing_o but_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n can_v end_v the_o controversy_n but_o yet_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o army_n meet_v and_o face_v they_o present_o lay_v aside_o all_o animosity_n and_o make_v peace_n thereby_o enforce_v as_o it_o be_v their_o king_n to_o dispute_v their_o grievance_n rather_o by_o law_n than_o arm_n or_o if_o that_o please_v they_o not_o then_o to_o end_v their_o quarrel_n with_o the_o peril_n of_o their_o own_o life_n only_o as_o judge_v it_o neither_o just_a nor_o reasonable_a nor_o indeed_o agreeable_a to_o their_o national_a custom_n for_o their_o king_n to_o sacrifice_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o their_o private_a hatred_n wherefore_o they_o instant_o disband_v their_o army_n reconcile_v their_o prince_n and_o make_v peace_n tanta_fw-la in_o subditis_fw-la cura_fw-la justitiae_fw-la &_o patriae_fw-la amor_fw-la in_fw-la regibus_fw-la animus_n placidus_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la obsequens_fw-la so_o great_a in_o the_o subject_n be_v their_o esteem_n of_o justice_n and_o love_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o their_o king_n their_o moderation_n of_o spirit_n and_o their_o compliance_n with_o the_o people_n in_o order_n to_o their_o common_a safety_n xi_o in_o case_n equal_o dubious_a the_o present_a occupant_a have_v the_o best_a right_n although_o where_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v doubtful_a both_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o seek_v after_o condition_n of_o peace_n to_o prevent_v the_o misery_n of_o war_n yet_o do_v it_o more_o concern_v he_o that_o demand_n than_o he_o that_o enjoy_v what_o the_o other_o require_v as_o in_o the_o like_o equal_a cause_n melior_fw-la est_fw-la possidentis_fw-la conditio_fw-la the_o title_n of_o the_o present_a occupant_a be_v presume_v to_o be_v best_a as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a not_o only_o to_o civil_a but_o to_o natural_a right_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o give_v elsewhere_o out_o of_o aristotle_n problem_n whereunto_o we_o must_v here_o add_v that_o war_n can_v be_v lawful_o make_v by_o he_o who_o though_o he_o know_v his_o title_n to_o what_o he_o claim_v to_o be_v good_a yet_o can_v produce_v evidence_n sufficient_a to_o convince_v the_o present_a occupant_a of_o the_o illegality_n of_o his_o possession_n because_o he_o have_v not_o a_o right_a to_o compel_v his_o adversary_n to_o leave_v his_o possession_n xii_o if_o neither_o be_v possess_v than_o a_o partition_n be_v just_a where_o the_o right_a be_v equal_o ambiguous_a and_o neither_o party_n in_o possession_n or_o both_o equal_o than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v unjust_a that_o shall_v refuse_v a_o equal_a partition_n of_o the_o thing_n controvert_v be_v offer_v unto_o he_o xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a explain_v by_o many_o distinction_n by_o what_o have_v be_v herein_o say_v it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o resolve_v that_o question_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_o controvert_v whether_o a_o war_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o principal_a promoter_n of_o it_o can_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a where_o we_o must_v first_o distinguish_v between_o the_o various_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o episcopus_fw-la just_o so_o gratian_n distinguish_v justice_n into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o cause_n the_o order_n and_o the_o mind_n c._n 11._o q._n 5._o post_fw-la c._n episcopus_fw-la for_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o according_a to_o the_o effect_n again_o a_o thing_n a_o may_v be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n either_o according_a to_o the_o special_a and_o strict_a acception_n of_o justice_n or_o according_a to_o its_o more_o general_a acception_n as_o it_o comprehend_v whatsoever_o in_o equity_n or_o honesty_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v again_o the_o word_n just_o take_v in_o its_o special_a signification_n may_v be_v subdivide_v into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o work_n do_v or_o into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o do_v it_o for_o the_o agent_n may_v sometime_o be_v say_v to_o do_v just_o whilst_o he_o do_v not_o unjust_o though_o that_o which_o he_o do_v be_v not_o just_a as_o aristotle_n greg._n aristotle_n eth._n l._n 5._o c._n 10_o 11._o greg._n right_o distinguish_v between_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o do_v unjust_o and_o to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v unjust_a bonis_fw-la male_a utuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la temporali_fw-la lucro_fw-la just_a judicant_fw-la they_o make_v ill_a use_n of_o thing_n in_o themselves_o good_a who_o do_v justice_n for_o reward_n sake_n because_o it_o be_v the_o hope_n of_o gain_n and_o not_o the_o love_n of_o justice_n that_o excite_v they_o to_o defend_v the_o truth_n now_o in_o this_o special_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o and_o as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o thing_n itself_o no_o war_n can_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a as_o neither_o can_v any_o other_o contest_v be_v quia_fw-la facultas_fw-la moralis_fw-la ad_fw-la contraria_fw-la non_fw-la datur_fw-la per_fw-la rei_fw-la ipsius_fw-la naturam_fw-la because_o the_o very_a nature_n so_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o dispute_n be_v will_v not_o admit_v of_o a_o moral_a power_n to_o thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a as_o namely_o to_o do_v a_o thing_n and_o yet_o to_o oppose_v the_o do_n of_o it_o but_o yet_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v that_o neither_o of_o the_o party_n war_a against_o each_o other_o do_v unjust_o because_o no_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o do_v unjust_o but_o he_o that_o know_v that_o which_o he_o do_v to_o be_v unjust_a but_o many_o man_n do_v not_o know_v that_o they_o do_v amiss_o though_o that_o which_o they_o do_v be_v in_o itself_o unjust_a so_o when_o man_n go_v to_o law_n they_o may_v just_o that_o be_v with_o a_o good_a mind_n and_o intention_n do_v it_o on_o both_o side_n because_o they_o do_v both_o conceive_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o right_a injustice_n to_o some_o thing_n the_o right_o be_v not_o discernible_a who_o it_o be_v and_o then_o whilst_o each_o endeavour_n to_o take_v that_o from_o another_o which_o he_o think_v belong_v to_o himself_o who_o can_v condemn_v either_o of_o injustice_n for_o of_o many_o thing_n as_o well_o in_o point_n of_o right_n as_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n whence_o right_o arise_v man_n be_v ignorant_a now_o in_o the_o general_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a in_o the_o do_n whereof_o the_o agent_n be_v altogether_o innocent_a for_o the_o act_n may_v be_v unjust_a and_o yet_o the_o agent_n blameless_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o insuperable_a ignorance_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o such_o as_o be_v through_o no_o default_n of_o they_o ignorant_a
of_o the_o law_n do_v not_o observe_v it_o although_o haply_o that_o law_n be_v promulgate_v and_o time_n of_o itself_o sufficient_a allow_v for_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o as_o also_o in_o such_o as_o go_v to_o law_n both_o party_n may_v be_v free_a not_o from_o injustice_n only_o baldus_n nemo_fw-la debet_fw-la jus_o suum_fw-la indiscussum_fw-la relinquere_fw-la tentanda_fw-la sunt_fw-la quaecunque_fw-la tantum_fw-la sunt_fw-la baldus_n but_o from_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v unblamable_a especial_o when_o both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o contend_v not_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o themselves_o but_o of_o other_o as_o a_o tutor_n for_o his_o pupil_n a_o guardian_n for_o his_o ward_n who_o right_a he_o be_v bind_v in_o duty_n to_o defend_v though_o that_o right_o be_v but_o uncertain_a so_o in_o a_o wager_n at_o law_n two_o person_n may_v contend_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o yet_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v unjust_a so_o also_o a_o councillor_n may_v plead_v for_o either_o of_o they_o without_o the_o least_o derogation_n to_o his_o honesty_n herodian_a again_o when_o something_o that_o be_v very_o profitable_a stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o what_o be_v honest_a it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n to_o tell_v whether_o of_o they_o to_o follow_v when_o we_o first_o enter_v into_o war_n with_o niger_n say_v severus_n the_o emperor_n there_o be_v i_o confess_v no_o very_a plausible_a pretence_n for_o war_n but_o the_o empire_n lie_v at_o stake_n between_o we_o and_o both_o of_o we_o strive_v which_o shall_v appropriate_v it_o to_o himself_o herodian_a nay_o as_o aristotle_n well_o note_n to_o say_v of_o a_o judge_n that_o he_o judge_v right_a be_v but_o a_o ambiguous_a speech_n for_o it_o may_v signify_v either_o that_o he_o judge_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d plain_o as_o he_o ought_v without_o any_o ignorance_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o his_o knowledge_n or_o the_o clear_a evidence_n that_o be_v bring_v before_o he_o and_o therefore_o the_o sentence_n which_o must_v pass_v according_a to_o that_o evidence_n may_v be_v through_o misinformation_n unjust_a and_o yet_o the_o judge_n that_o pass_v that_o sentence_n may_v be_v righteous_a possit_fw-la righteous_a si_fw-mi dubium_fw-la sit_fw-la à _fw-la qua_fw-la parte_fw-la stet_fw-la justitia_fw-la hanc_fw-la si_fw-la utraque_fw-la pars_fw-la quaerit_fw-la injusta_fw-la esse_fw-la neutra_fw-la possit_fw-la if_o it_o be_v doubtful_a on_o what_o side_n the_o right_n stand_v if_o both_o party_n contend_v for_o it_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o neither_o do_v unjust_o the_o jew_n make_v war_n against_o the_o canaanite_n just_o be_v so_o command_v by_o god_n and_o the_o canaanite_n be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o charge_n give_v against_o they_o do_v just_o in_o defend_v themselves_o wherefore_o that_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a thus_o pope_n pius_n the_o second_o answer_v the_o hungarian_a ambassador_n that_o complain_v against_o the_o emperor_n namely_o he_o think_v that_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n do_v intend_v nothing_o dishonest_o and_o he_o know_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o justice_n but_o both_o contend_v for_o the_o kingdom_n probable_a it_o be_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o think_v his_o cause_n unjust_a sententia_fw-la in_o disceptationibus_fw-la fori_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la litigantis_fw-la utriusque_fw-la jus_o donec_fw-la lata_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la altero_fw-la eorum_fw-la sententia_fw-la in_o all_o controversy_n this_o be_v find_v true_a but_o especial_o in_o war_n that_o both_o party_n pretend_v to_o maintain_v a_o cause_n that_o be_v just_a but_o in_o war_n it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a that_o either_o party_n shall_v be_v in_o that_o sense_n just_a that_o be_v free_a from_o all_o blame_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o great_a defect_n of_o love_n and_o that_o overmuch_a rashness_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n inseparable_o accompany_v it_o beside_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o business_n itself_o which_o be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o probability_n strict_o require_v such_o proof_n as_o be_v demonstrative_a and_o convince_a but_o if_o we_o account_v that_o to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v permit_v to_o enjoy_v some_o effect_n of_o right_a it_o be_v most_o certain_a just_a according_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o right_a war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a that_o war_n in_o this_o sense_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a as_o will_v appear_v anon_o when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o a_o public_a solemn_a war_n for_o so_o both_o a_o sentence_n though_o not_o right_o pass_v and_o a_o possession_n not_o right_o gain_v have_v both_o of_o they_o some_o effect_n of_o that_o which_o be_v right_a chap._n xxiv_o war_n though_o just_o not_o to_o be_v undertake_v rash_o i._o it_o it_o better_a sometime_o to_o remit_v our_o own_o right_n than_o to_o engage_v in_o a_o doubtful_a war._n ii_o but_o especial_o when_o undertake_v to_o exact_a punishment_n iii_o and_o chief_o by_o a_o king_n that_o be_v injure_v iu._n and_o that_o sometime_o for_o his_o own_o and_o his_o subject_n safety_n v._o certain_a rule_n guide_v we_o to_o a_o prudent_a choice_n of_o thing_n apparent_o good_a vi_o a_o example_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v guide_v in_o our_o endeavour_n after_o liberty_n or_o peace_n whereby_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n may_v be_v prevent_v vii_o punishment_n not_o to_o be_v exact_v by_o war_n unless_o by_o the_o most_o potent_a party_n viii_o war_n not_o to_o be_v undertake_v unless_o compel_v by_o necessity_n ix_o or_o when_o we_o have_v some_o very_a great_a cause_n together_o with_o some_o notable_a advantage_n x._o the_o misery_n of_o war_n lively_o describe_v i._o better_a sometime_o to_o forego_v our_o right_n than_o to_o make_v war_n for_o it_o though_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n in_o treat_v only_o of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n to_o show_v how_o far_o other_o virtue_n do_v either_o enjoin_v or_o persuade_v thereunto_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o be_v altogether_o impertinent_a for_o prevent_v of_o mistake_n to_o give_v some_o caution_n about_o it_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v think_v that_o whensoever_o he_o have_v a_o just_a cause_n offer_v he_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v war_n or_o at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v at_o all_o time_n lawful_a for_o he_o so_o to_o do_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n much_o more_o pious_a to_o remit_v somewhat_o of_o our_o right_n than_o to_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v it_o by_o a_o dangerous_a war._n we_o christian_n be_v especial_o teach_v to_o expose_v our_o own_o life_n to_o the_o great_a peril_n that_o can_v be_v to_o preserve_v the_o life_n and_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v to_o procure_v the_o everlasting_a welfare_n of_o other_o in_o imitation_n of_o our_o great_a lord_n and_o master_n who_o lay_v down_o his_o own_o life_n to_o save_v we_o even_o then_o when_o we_o be_v stranger_n nay_o enemy_n unto_o he_o rom._n 5.6_o how_o much_o more_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o forbear_v the_o prosecution_n of_o our_o just_a right_n when_o they_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o christian_a blood_n and_o the_o destruction_n of_o so_o many_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n 3._o pol._n lib._n 4._o rhet._n ad_fw-la alex._n c._n 3._o beside_o other_o mischief_n which_o war_n usual_o bring_v with_o it_o this_o we_o be_v forewarn_v of_o by_o aristotle_n and_o also_o by_o polybius_n not_o for_o every_o such_o cause_n to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o war._n for_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o our_o liberty_n our_o wife_n and_o child_n we_o may_v lawful_o make_v war_n say_v gallio_n in_o seneca_n but_o not_o for_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v either_o superfluous_a or_o be_v lose_v 23._o suasoria_fw-la 5._o philostratus_n lib._n 23._o do_v not_o much_o damnify_v we_o this_o and_o somewhat_o more_o do_v apollonius_n say_v to_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n we_o be_v not_o to_o contend_v with_o the_o roman_n for_o a_o few_o small_a village_n which_o many_o of_o our_o ancestor_n be_v but_o private_a man_n do_v enjoy_v they_o must_v be_v great_a matter_n indeed_o that_o shall_v so_o far_o provoke_v we_o suis_fw-la adu._n apion_n de_fw-fr popul_n suis_fw-la as_o to_o undertake_v a_o war_n especial_o with_o such_o potent_a enemy_n the_o like_a josephus_n testify_v of_o his_o country_n man_n it_o be_v not_o our_o custom_n to_o muster_v up_o our_o force_n or_o to_o make_v war_n to_o enlarge_v our_o dominion_n but_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n all_o other_o loss_n we_o can_v bear_v with_o patience_n but_o be_v debar_v the_o use_n of_o our_o religion_n we_o undertake_v war_n beyond_o our_o strength_n and_o prosecute_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o danger_n it_o be_v prudent_o advise_v by_o dion_n prusaeensis_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v war_n and_o peace_n we_o be_v
necessity_n nisi_fw-la malint_fw-la fame_n perire_fw-la unless_o they_o have_v rather_o perish_v by_o famine_n for_o as_o anaxilaus_n in_o xenophon_n apoligize_v for_o his_o surrender_n of_o byzantium_n be_v thereunto_o constrain_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n pugnandum_fw-la est_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o homines_fw-la non_fw-la in_o rerum_fw-la naturam_fw-la man_n ought_v to_o fight_v against_o man_n but_o not_o against_o nature_n neither_o do_v man_n commend_v a_o voluntary_a death_n so_o long_o as_o their_o hope_n be_v above_o their_o fear_n that_o sentence_n which_o diodorus_n siculus_n pass_v against_o the_o theban_n which_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v the_o author_n of_o their_o own_o ruin_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v with_o more_o courage_n than_o prudence_n provoke_v alexander_n to_o their_o own_o destruction_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o author_n examine_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o war_n which_o the_o thracian_n undertake_v against_o alexander_n army_n after_o his_o death_n say_v that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n they_o have_v consult_v well_o for_o their_o own_o glory_n but_o not_o so_o well_o for_o their_o own_o profit_n by_o thrust_v themselves_o over-hasty_o into_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enterprise_n be_v no_o way_n urge_v thereunto_o by_o any_o necessity_n but_o especial_o be_v forewarn_v by_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o theban_n the_o like_a censure_n do_v plutarch_n pass_v upon_o cato_n and_o scipio_n who_o for_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o caesar_n after_o his_o victory_n in_o pharsalia_n he_o condemn_v as_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o so_o many_o and_o so_o gallant_a man_n do_v unnecessary_o perish_v in_o africa_n now_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v concern_v liberty_n may_v likewise_o be_v say_v concern_v other_o thing_n that_o be_v desiderable_a when_o they_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o if_o not_o a_o more_o just_a yet_o at_o least_o a_o equal_a expectation_n of_o some_o great_a mischief_n for_o as_o aristides_n say_v to_o preserve_v the_o ship_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o good_n be_v usual_a but_o not_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o passenger_n vii_o war_n seldom_o make_v for_o punishment_n by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n this_o also_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o war_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o make_v for_o exact_v punishment_n only_o by_o such_o prince_n or_o state_n as_o be_v of_o equal_a power_n for_o as_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n so_o he_o that_o undertake_v to_o punish_v injury_n by_o arm_n must_v always_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o enforce_v it_o neither_o be_v it_o prudence_n only_o or_o the_o love_n we_o bear_v to_o our_o subject_n that_o shall_v dissuade_v we_o from_o a_o doubtful_a war_n but_o sometime_o even_a justice_n that_o i_o mean_v which_o be_v essential_a to_o government_n which_o require_v as_o obedience_n from_o inferior_n so_o protection_n and_o preservation_n from_o superior_n and_o consequent_o as_o some_o divine_n have_v right_o observe_v if_o a_o king_n for_o any_o small_a or_o trife_v cause_n as_o for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n which_o be_v unnecessary_a loss_n in_o what_o case_n a_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v his_o subject_n loss_n engage_v his_o subject_n in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n they_o shall_v thereby_o sustain_v for_o although_o to_o his_o enemy_n haply_o he_o do_v no_o wrong_n who_o have_v just_o provoke_v he_o yet_o do_v he_o thereby_o wrong_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o involve_v they_o in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n for_o such_o slight_a cause_n as_o may_v better_a have_v be_v dissemble_v and_o be_v therefore_o bind_v to_o repair_v their_o damage_n in_o which_o sense_n that_o of_o livy_n hold_v true_a justum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quod_fw-la necessarium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o pia_fw-la arma_fw-la quibus_fw-la nulla_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la spes_fw-la that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v necessary_a and_o arm_n be_v there_o necessary_a when_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o safety_n but_o by_o arms._n this_o be_v ovid_n wish_n 1._o ovid._n fast_o 1._o sola_fw-la gerat_fw-la mile_n quibus_fw-la arma_fw-la coerceat_fw-la arma_fw-la may_v then_o the_o soldier_n arm_v be_v when_o he_o repel_v his_o enemy_n viii_o war_n not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o in_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n there_o be_v then_o one_o rare_a cause_n when_o war_n either_o can_v or_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v as_o namely_o when_o as_o flora_n speak_v jura_n sunt_fw-la armis_fw-la saeviora_fw-la law_n be_v more_o cruel_a than_o war_n itself_o that_o be_v when_o the_o oppression_n of_o tyrant_n be_v more_o greivious_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war._n he_o say_v seneca_n need_v not_o to_o fear_v the_o misery_n of_o war_n that_o suffer_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a live_v in_o peace_n so_o aristides_n when_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o condition_n will_v be_v worse_o in_o sit_v still_o than_o we_o may_v adventure_v upon_o the_o danger_n of_o war._n neither_o be_v that_o opinion_n of_o tacitus_n much_o to_o be_v condemn_v where_o he_o say_v that_o a_o miserable_a peace_n may_v well_o be_v exchange_v for_o a_o doubtful_a war_n that_o be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v when_o if_o we_o conquer_v we_o enjoy_v our_o freedom_n or_o be_v conquer_v our_o condition_n can_v be_v no_o worse_o or_o when_o as_o livy_n speak_v peace_n be_v more_o grievous_a to_o those_o that_o serve_v than_o war_n be_v to_o those_o that_o be_v free_a but_o not_o as_o cicero_n put_v the_o case_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o be_v conquer_a we_o shall_v be_v proscribe_v i._n e._n our_o estate_n shall_v be_v sell_v and_o our_o person_n banish_v but_o be_v conqueror_n we_o change_v only_o our_o oppressor_n but_o be_v not_o ease_v of_o our_o oppression_n ix_o or_o without_o great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n another_o time_n when_o war_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o peace_n peace_n be_v when_o upon_o a_o rational_a debate_n we_o find_v that_o we_o have_v the_o best_a right_n and_o which_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n power_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v it_o that_o be_v as_o augustus_n in_o suetonius_n sometime_o say_v 24._o say_v sueton._n c._n 24._o when_o there_o be_v more_o hope_n of_o gain_n than_o fear_v of_o loss_n or_o as_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o l._n aemilius_n paulus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o the_o battle_n 2._o battle_n awl_n gel._n l._n 13._o c._n 3._o val._n max._n l._n 7._o c._n 2._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n but_o upon_o some_o unavoidable_a necessity_n or_o upon_o great_a and_o manifest_a advantage_n wherewith_o accord_n that_o of_o plutarch_n gracchis_n plutarch_n gracchis_n before-recited_n to_o use_v iron_n and_o steel_n without_o very_o great_a necessity_n neither_o become_v a_o good_a physician_n nor_o a_o prudent_a state_n man_n the_o like_a zonara_n record_n of_o marcianus_n king_n when_o they_o may_v lawful_o enjoy_v peace_n ought_v not_o to_o make_v war._n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st._n augustine_n pacem_fw-la habere_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la autem_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la ut_fw-la liberet_fw-la nos_fw-la deus_fw-la à _fw-la necessitate_v &_o conservet_fw-la in_o pace_n peace_n we_o shall_v make_v voluntary_o war_n out_o of_o necessity_n that_o so_o god_n may_v relieve_v we_o in_o our_o necessity_n and_o preserve_v we_o in_o peace_n but_o then_o most_o especial_o may_v we_o make_v war_n when_o we_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o hope_n that_o our_o enemy_n through_o fear_n or_o by_o the_o fame_n of_o our_o victory_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o yield_v without_o any_o or_o very_o little_a danger_n on_o our_o part_n and_o this_o be_v as_o pliny_n call_v it_o the_o most_o glorious_a of_o all_o victory_n x._o the_o misery_n of_o war._n war_n indeed_o be_v as_o plutarch_n speak_v eamilli_n speak_v vit._n eamilli_n a_o very_a savage_a thing_n and_o never_o come_v unaccompanied_a with_o a_o torrent_n of_o mischief_n and_o insolence_n which_o say_v st._n aug._n 7._o aug._n de_fw-fr civet_fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 19_o c._n 7._o shall_v i_o undertake_v to_o describe_v when_o and_o where_o will_v my_o discourse_n end_n but_o they_o may_v say_v a_o wise_a man_n will_v sometime_o make_v war_n as_o if_o when_o he_o consider_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o man_n he_o do_v not_o much_o more_o grieve_v to_o find_v himself_o enforce_v thereunto_o though_o that_o war_n be_v just_a for_o unless_o it_o be_v just_a there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n to_o make_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o adverse_a part_n that_o thrust_v a_o wise_a man_n into_o a_o just_a and_o necessary_a war_n which_o very_a iniquity_n as_o proceed_v from_o man_n though_o no_o necessity_n of_o a_o war_n shall_v thence_o arise_v be_v
to_o be_v lament_v whosoever_o therefore_o shall_v with_o any_o remorse_n consider_v those_o so_o great_a so_o horrid_a and_o so_o direful_a effect_n of_o war_n can_v but_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v miserable_a but_o he_o that_o can_v feel_v they_o or_o think_v upon_o they_o without_o sorrow_n much_o more_o he_o that_o can_v glory_v in_o the_o success_n of_o they_o ideo_fw-la se_fw-la putat_fw-la beatum_fw-la quia_fw-la humanum_fw-la perdidit_fw-la sensum_fw-la therefore_o think_v himself_o happy_a because_o he_o have_v lose_v all_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n so_o the_o same_o father_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o that_o 15._o id_fw-la de_fw-la civet_fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 4._o c._n 15._o belligerare_fw-la malis_fw-la videtur_fw-la felicitas_fw-la bonis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la good_a man_n make_v war_n their_o refuge_n but_o wicked_a man_n make_v it_o their_o delight_n and_o be_v there_o nothing_o of_o injustice_n in_o the_o war_n yet_o to_o be_v enforce_v unto_o it_o that_o be_v in_o itself_o miserable_a say_v maximus_n tyrius_n whereunto_o he_o add_v wise_a man_n never_o make_v war_n but_o by_o constraint_n whereas_o fool_n fight_v for_o pleasure_n and_o gain_v 13._o lib._n 13._o the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o diodorus_n consider_v those_o great_a enmity_n and_o animosity_n likely_a to_o arise_v from_o war_n think_v themselves_o bind_v in_o duty_n to_o declare_v before_o the_o god_n and_o unto_o all_o good_a man_n that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o author_n of_o it_o plutarch_n bring_v in_o some_o make_n this_o objection_n but_o have_v not_o rome_n much_o improve_v herself_o by_o war_n whereunto_o he_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o she_o have_v so_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o place_n their_o great_a glory_n in_o riches_n in_o pleasure_n wantonness_n and_o martial_a power_n which_o be_v but_o the_o dregs_o of_o honour_n but_o not_o in_o they_o who_o place_n their_o glory_n in_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o people_n in_o meekness_n justice_n and_o contentation_n it_o be_v therefore_o worthy_o say_v of_o stephanus_n the_o phiysician_n unto_o cosroes_n king_n of_o persia_n to_o thou_o o_o king_n who_o art_n whole_o conversant_a in_o blood_n and_o slaughter_n in_o subdue_a kingdom_n and_o depopulation_n city_n other_o glorious_a attribute_n may_v be_v due_a but_o sure_o thou_o can_v never_o hope_v by_o these_o way_n to_o be_v esteem_v good_a for_o as_o no_o good_a man_n will_v greedy_o covet_v that_o which_o be_v another_o so_o non_fw-la est_fw-la homini_fw-la homine_fw-la prodigè_fw-fr utendum_fw-la as_o seneca_n tell_v we_o 2._o aelian_a lib._n 14._o c._n 2._o it_o be_v no_o point_n of_o honour_n to_o be_v prodigal_a of_o humane_a blood_n philiscus_n advise_v alexander_n to_o be_v emulous_a of_o glory_n but_o not_o by_o make_v himself_o like_a unto_o a_o plague_n in_o depopulate_v city_n and_o lay_v whole_a kingdom_n waste_v nothing_o can_v add_v more_o glory_n to_o a_o king_n than_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o they_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n 25._o nat._n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 25._o pliny_n after_o he_o have_v recount_v so_o many_o famous_a battle_n gain_v by_o the_o dictator_n c._n caesar_n wherein_o be_v slay_v as_o he_o there_o compute_v eleven_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o thousand_o man_n add_v this_o i_o do_v not_o reckon_v it_o as_o any_o part_n of_o his_o glory_n to_o have_v do_v so_o great_a wrong_n to_o mankind_n however_o provoke_v philo_z in_o the_o life_n of_o moses_n observe_v that_o though_o the_o kill_n of_o enemy_n in_o war_n be_v by_o the_o law_n permit_v yet_o whosoever_o do_v kill_v a_o man_n though_o just_o though_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n though_o compel_v thereunto_o against_o his_o will_n do_v notwithstanding_o contract_v some_o guilt_n unto_o himself_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o common_a kindred_n and_o alliance_n between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o supreme_a cause_n wherefore_o expiation_n and_o purgation_n be_v think_v necessary_a to_o cleanse_v they_o from_o that_o crime_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o they_o if_o then_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n though_o against_o his_o will_n sanguine_fw-la pollutus_fw-la esset_fw-la hostili_fw-la quidem_fw-la attamen_fw-la sanguine_fw-la be_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o one_o of_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o if_o god_n will_v not_o permit_v david_n to_o build_v he_o a_o temple_n because_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o blood_n though_o of_o his_o enemy_n that_o be_v as_o josephus_n write_v because_o he_o have_v make_v many_o war_n which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v permit_v if_o among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n he_o that_o have_v slay_v a_o man_n though_o accidental_o 4._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 4._o or_o in_o defence_n of_o himself_o have_v need_n of_o expiation_n who_o can_v see_v how_o unhappy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v and_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o be_v avoid_v voluntary_o to_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o a_o war_n though_o haply_o not_o unjust_a sure_o among_o the_o greek_a church_n that_o most_o christian_a canon_n be_v long_o in_o force_n whereby_o he_o that_o in_o what_o war_n soever_o have_v slay_v a_o man_n though_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n admit_v unto_o the_o sacrament_n chap._n xxv_o for_o what_o cause_n a_o war_n may_v be_v undertake_v for_o other_o i._o that_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v by_o a_o prince_n for_o his_o subject_n ii_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v so_o undertake_v iii_o whether_o a_o innocent_a subject_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o a_o enemy_n to_o prevent_v a_o war._n iv_o that_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o confederate_n equal_a or_o unequal_a v._o as_o also_o for_o our_o friend_n vi_o yea_o and_o for_o any_o man_n vii_o yet_o may_v it_o also_o be_v omit_v without_o blame_n if_o it_o endanger_v himself_o or_o can_v be_v do_v without_o the_o death_n of_o the_o invader_n viii_o whether_o that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v to_o relieve_v another_o man_n subject_n this_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n ix_o all_o those_o military_a consociation_n and_o mercenary_a succour_n that_o respect_v not_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a x._o to_o engage_v in_o war_n for_o spoil_n or_o pay_v only_o be_v wicked_a i._o a_o prince_n may_v just_o make_v war_n for_o his_o subject_n above_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o such_o person_n as_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v war_n it_o be_v say_v and_o show_v that_o natural_o every_o man_n have_v a_o power_n to_o vindicate_v not_o only_o his_o own_o but_o the_o right_n of_o another_o 5._o another_o see_v lib._n 1._o c._n 5._o wherefore_o look_v what_o cause_n do_v justify_v a_o war_n undertake_v for_o ourselves_o the_o very_a same_o do_v justify_v a_o war_n make_v for_o another_o but_o our_o principal_n and_o most_o necessary_a care_n shall_v be_v for_o our_o own_o subject_n whether_o they_o be_v our_o domestic_n or_o such_o as_o live_v under_o our_o civil_a government_n for_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o governor_n as_o we_o there_o show_v 2._o josh_n 10.6_o persicor_n 2._o thus_o joshua_n we_o read_v make_v war_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o gibeonite_n who_o have_v yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o denominate_v a_o man_n just_o that_o he_o wrong_v no_o man_n say_v procopius_n unless_o he_o also_o be_v careful_a to_o protect_v those_o from_o injury_n who_o for_o that_o very_a end_n have_v put_v themselves_o under_o he_o our_o ancestor_n say_v cicero_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n do_v often_o make_v war_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o their_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n when_o they_o have_v be_v abuse_v by_o stranger_n 2._o verr._n 2._o and_o in_o another_o place_n how_o many_o war_n say_v he_o do_v our_o forefather_n undertake_v to_o revenge_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n when_o their_o seaman_n have_v be_v imprison_v and_o their_o merchant_n spoil_v yea_o and_o the_o very_a same_o roman_n who_o refuse_v to_o take_v arm_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o people_n that_o be_v their_o confederate_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o same_o people_n when_o they_o have_v surrender_v themselves_o and_o so_o become_v their_o subject_n thus_o do_v the_o campane_n bespeak_v the_o roman_n though_o you_o refuse_v to_o assist_v or_o defend_v we_o against_o our_o enemy_n whilst_o we_o be_v your_o friend_n and_o confederate_n yet_o now_o that_o we_o be_v your_o subject_n you_o will_v certain_o protect_v we_o whereupon_o florus_n say_v that_o the_o campane_n make_v that_o league_n which_o they_o have_v former_o contract_v with_o the_o roman_n more_o strong_a and_o inviolable_a by_o their_o voluntary_a surrender_n of_o all_o they_o have_v unto_o they_o for_o it_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o roman_n 7._o
lib._n 1._o non_fw-la illi_fw-la imperium_fw-la pelagi_fw-la renumque_fw-la tridentis_fw-la sed_fw-la mihi_fw-la sort_n datur_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v vast_a power_n be_v not_o by_o lot_n assign_v to_o he_o but_o i_o whereunto_o not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o of_o ovid_n rescindere_fw-la nunquam_fw-la 14._o metam_fw-la lib._n 14._o dîs_fw-la licet_fw-la acta_fw-la deûm_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o god_n each_o other_o act_n rescind_v so_o likewise_o euripides_n mos_fw-la ille_fw-la est_fw-la deûm_fw-la quod_fw-la cupiit_fw-la unus_fw-la huic_fw-la nefas_fw-la obsistere_fw-la the_o god_n their_o custom_n have_v none_o must_v oppose_v what_o any_o one_o do_v crave_v that_o be_v as_o st._n ambrose_n well_o expound_v it_o lest_o by_o usurp_v upon_o each_o other_o jurisdiction_n they_o shall_v stir_v up_o war_n among_o themselvo_n that_o every_o state_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o punish_v their_o own_o subject_n be_v think_v by_o the_o corinthian_n in_o thucydides_n to_o be_v just_a and_o perseus_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o martius_n deny_v that_o he_o need_v to_o make_v any_o defence_n for_o himself_o for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v against_o the_o dolopes_n say_v jure_fw-la feci_fw-la meo_fw-la i_o do_v but_o exercise_v my_o own_o just_a right_n see_v that_o they_o be_v my_o subject_n and_o so_o under_o my_o jurisdiction_n for_o as_o st._n augustine_n observe_v arb._n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr lib._n arb._n there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o because_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o some_o man_n goodness_n to_o confer_v courtesy_n on_o stranger_n therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o like_a argument_n of_o their_o justice_n to_o punish_v those_o that_o belong_v to_o another_o jurisdiction_n but_o rather_o as_o procopius_n have_v it_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v careful_o govern_v his_o own_o province_n and_o not_o trouble_v himself_o with_o the_o affair_n of_o other_o yet_o be_v all_o these_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o case_n wherein_o another_o man_n subject_n have_v manifest_o offend_v or_o at_o least_o whereof_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o they_o have_v or_o not_o for_o to_o this_o end_n be_v empire_n at_o first_o distribute_v but_o they_o hold_v not_o in_o case_n subject_n apparent_o groan_v under_o such_o tyranny_n as_o no_o just_a man_n can_v approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o be_v preclude_v from_o those_o right_n that_o be_v common_a to_o humane_a society_n for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o it_o be_v that_o constantine_n make_v war_n against_o maxentius_n and_o licinius_n and_o other_o roman_a emperor_n against_o the_o persian_n or_o at_o least_o threaten_a so_o to_o do_v unless_o they_o protect_v from_o oppression_n such_o of_o their_o subject_n as_o be_v christian_n be_v persecute_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o that_o of_o religion_n yea_o and_o although_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o subject_n can_v not_o just_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o prince_n no_o not_o in_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n which_o we_o see_v be_v doubt_v even_o by_o those_o who_o purpose_n it_o be_v to_o defend_v the_o regal_a power_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o thence_o follow_v that_o other_o prince_n may_v not_o take_v arm_n in_o their_o own_o defence_n for_o whensoever_o the_o impediment_n to_o any_o action_n be_v mere_o personal_a and_o not_o draw_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o then_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a for_o one_o to_o do_v by_o himself_o may_v yet_o be_v lawful_a for_o another_o to_o do_v for_o he_o ☞_o ☞_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v such_o wherein_o one_o man_n may_v profit_v another_o so_o a_o suit_n at_o law_n which_o a_o pupil_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o minority_n can_v maintain_v by_o himself_o his_o tutor_n or_o guardian_n may_v maintain_v for_o he_o so_o a_o client_n that_o can_v appear_v in_o his_o own_o person_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n may_v notwithstanding_o appear_v by_o his_o attorney_n now_o that_o impediment_n which_o in_o a_o subject_n hinder_v resistance_n arise_v not_o from_o the_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o subject_n as_o in_o those_o that_o be_v not_o but_o from_o the_o condition_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n which_o pass_v not_o into_o another_o thus_o think_v seneca_n he_o that_o be_v separate_v from_o my_o country_n be_v vexatious_a to_o his_o own_o may_v be_v just_o by_o i_o invade_v as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o where_o we_o treat_v of_o punishment_n which_o thing_n be_v often_o conjoin_v with_o the_o defence_n of_o innocent_n although_o we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a by_o those_o many_o example_n we_o find_v in_o history_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a that_o ambition_n and_o a_o insatiable_a thirst_n after_o gain_n do_v too_o frequent_o disguise_v themselves_o under_o such_o specious_a pretence_n yet_o may_v we_o not_o thence_o conclude_v that_o because_o wicked_a man_n do_v sometime_o usurp_v this_o right_n for_o sinister_a end_n therefore_o to_o defend_v other_o man_n subject_n from_o manifest_a oppression_n cease_v to_o be_v lawful_a for_o navigant_n &_o piratae_fw-la ferro_fw-la utuntur_fw-la &_o latrones_fw-la pirate_n we_o see_v navigate_v the_o sea_n and_o thief_n wear_v sword_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v hence_o infer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o lawful_a for_o merchant_n to_o traffic_v by_o sea_n or_o for_o prince_n to_o make_v use_n of_o arm_n to_o defend_v their_o subject_n ix_o of_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n but_o as_o those_o warlike_a confederacy_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o end_n that_o succour_n may_v be_v promise_v upon_o any_o war_n undertake_v by_o whomsoever_o or_o upon_o what_o occasion_n soever_o be_v it_o right_n or_o wrong_n be_v already_o declare_v to_o be_v unlawful_a so_o be_v there_o no_o kind_n of_o life_n more_o wicked_a than_o that_o of_o mercenary_a soldier_n who_o without_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n fight_v only_o for_o plunder_v and_o pay_v to_o who_o ibi_fw-la fas_fw-la ubi_fw-la plurima_fw-la merces_fw-la that_o be_v the_o best_a cause_n which_o pay_v best_a 32._o livy_n 32._o which_o plato_n prove_v out_o of_o tyrtaeus_n this_o be_v it_o that_o philip_n upbraid_v the_o aetolian_n with_o and_o dionysius_n milesius_n condemn_v in_o the_o arcadian_n in_o these_o word_n belli_n instituuntur_fw-la nundinae_fw-la they_o make_v war_n a_o trade_n to_o live_v by_o and_o what_o be_v the_o common_a bane_n of_o all_o greece_n beside_o be_v matter_n of_o gain_n and_o profit_n to_o they_o whilst_o they_o send_v out_o their_o mercenary_n sometime_o to_o this_o part_n sometime_o to_o that_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o justice_n or_o equity_n sure_o a_o soldier_n be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v much_o pity_v bacchid_n miles_n qui_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la causa_fw-la se_fw-la auctorat_fw-la neci_fw-la antiphanes_n bacchid_n who_o as_o antiphanes_n speak_v hire_v himself_o to_o be_v kill_v to_o preserve_v a_o life_n that_o be_v miserable_a so_o dion_n prusaeensis_n what_o can_v be_v more_o necessary_a what_o more_o dear_a and_o precious_a than_o life_n and_o yet_o even_o this_o many_o man_n imprudent_o lose_v for_o greediness_n of_o gain_n this_o be_v plautus_n his_o character_n of_o mercenary_n svam_fw-la qui_fw-la auro_fw-la vitam_fw-la venditant_fw-la their_o life_n for_o gold_n they_o sell_v the_o like_a do_v gunther_n aere_fw-la dato_fw-la conducta_fw-la cohors_fw-la &_o bellica_fw-la mile_n dona_n sequens_fw-la pretioque_fw-la suum_fw-la mutare_fw-la favorem_fw-la suetus_fw-la &_o accepto_fw-la pariter_fw-la cum_fw-la munere_fw-la bello_fw-la hunc_fw-la habuisse_fw-la dator_fw-la pretii_fw-la quem_fw-la jusserit_fw-la hostem_fw-la and_o yet_o do_v they_o sell_v their_o own_o life_n only_o it_o be_v the_o less_o hurt_n but_o together_o with_o their_o own_o they_o sell_v the_o life_n of_o many_o innocent_n tanto_fw-la carnifice_fw-la detestabiliores_fw-la quanto_fw-la pejus_fw-la est_fw-la sine_fw-la causa_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la causa_fw-la occidere_fw-la by_o so_o much_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o such_o soldier_n worse_o than_o that_o of_o hangman_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o abominable_a to_o kill_v the_o innocent_a than_o to_o destroy_v the_o guilty_a as_o antisthenes_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o tyrant_n tbat_v they_o be_v more_o cruel_a and_o merciless_a than_o common_a executioner_n for_o these_o hang_v thief_n and_o murderer_n only_o but_o those_o murder_n innocent_n and_o philip_n of_o macedon_n 18._o diodor._fw-la l._n 18._o as_o true_o of_o those_o who_o make_v war_n for_o gain_v only_o that_o war_n be_v to_o they_o as_o peace_n and_o peace_n as_o war._n so_o likewise_o seneca_n what_o may_v a_o man_n call_v this_o but_o madness_n to_o make_v danger_n our_o inseparable_a companion_n fierce_o to_o assault_v those_o who_o we_o know_v not_o to_o be_v enrage_v without_o any_o offence_n give_v to_o destroy_v all_o we_o meet_v and_o like_o wild_a beast_n to_o kill_v those_o who_o we_o never_o hate_v sure_o war_n be_v not_o a_o trade_n to_o live_v by_o nay_o
it_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o itself_o so_o horrid_a 1._o quest_n nat._n lib._n 5._o c._n 18._o grat._n c._n 33._o q._n 1._o that_o nothing_o but_o pure_a necessity_n or_o perfect_a charity_n can_v denominate_v it_o just_a or_o honest_a so_o st._n augustine_n militare_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la delictum_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la praedam_fw-la militare_fw-la peccatum_fw-la est_fw-la simple_o to_o make_v war_n be_v not_o sinful_a but_o to_o make_v war_n for_o plunder_v and_o pay_v only_o must_v needs_o be_v wicked_a x._o especial_o they_o that_o make_v war_n for_o spoil_n nay_o to_o make_v war_n for_o pay_v or_o hire_n be_v likewise_o a_o sin_n if_o that_o be_v the_o only_a or_o principal_a thing_n we_o aim_v at_o though_o otherwise_o to_o receive_v pay_n for_o our_o pain_n when_o we_o be_v lawful_o call_v to_o fight_v be_v altogether_o lawful_a for_o who_o say_v st._n paul_n go_v to_o war_n at_o any_o time_n upon_o his_o own_o charge_n chap._n xxvi_o how_o war_n may_v be_v just_o wage_v by_o such_o as_o be_v subject_n to_o another_o command_n i._o who_o they_o be_v that_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o another_o ii_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v be_v admit_v to_o debate_n or_o be_v leave_v to_o their_o free_a choice_n iii_o if_o they_o think_v the_o cause_n unjust_a though_o command_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o make_v war_n iu._n what_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o case_n they_o doubt_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n v._o if_o they_o can_v be_v satisfy_v their_o person_n be_v to_o be_v spare_v but_o their_o tax_n heighten_v vi_o in_o what_o case_n subject_n may_v just_o take_v arm_n in_o a_o unjust_a war._n i._o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v under_o another_o dominion_n hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o such_o as_o be_v free_a and_o have_v power_n to_o dispose_v of_o their_o own_o action_n there_o be_v other_o that_o be_v under_o a_o more_o servile_a condition_n and_o such_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o family_n servant_n subject_n and_o each_o particular_a citizen_n compare_v with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o city_n whereof_o they_o be_v ii_o what_o they_o be_v to_o do_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o choice_n but_o these_o man_n if_o either_o admit_v to_o advise_v or_o leave_v to_o their_o own_o choice_n whether_o they_o will_v either_o take_v up_o arm_n or_o be_v quiet_a aught_o to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n which_o be_v already_o set_v down_o for_o those_o who_o be_v free_a have_v power_n to_o make_v war_n either_o for_o themselves_o or_o other_o iii_o what_o if_o they_o think_v the_o cause_n unjust_a but_o if_o command_v thereunto_o as_o usual_o they_o be_v then_o if_o it_o be_v evident_a unto_o they_o that_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a they_o ought_v altogether_o to_o forbear_v for_o that_o god_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v obey_v than_o man_n be_v not_o only_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o apostle_n but_o even_o of_o socrates_n also_o as_o plato_n testify_v in_o his_o apology_n so_o also_o think_v the_o hebrew_n doctor_n namely_o that_o king_n if_o they_o command_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o god_n law_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v obey_v for_o this_o josephus_n record_v of_o his_o countryman_n who_o be_v convict_v before_o herod_n for_o pull_v down_o the_o roman_a eagle_n which_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v erect_v over_o the_o great_a gate_n of_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n and_o demand_v how_o they_o dare_v do_v it_o return_v this_o answer_n 8._o ant._n lib._n 17._o c._n 8._o what_o we_o have_v do_v we_o do_v in_o vindication_n of_o god_n honour_n and_o of_o that_o divine_a law_n whereof_o we_o profess_v ourselves_o to_o be_v the_o disciple_n neither_o haste_n thou_o cause_n to_o wonder_v if_o we_o hold_v the_o law_n which_o moses_n deliver_v unto_o we_o from_o god_n himself_o to_o be_v more_o sacred_a and_o indispensable_a than_o thy_o decree_n neither_o do_v we_o refuse_v to_o suffer_v death_n or_o any_o other_o punishment_n thou_o shall_v think_v fit_a to_o inflict_v upon_o we_o as_o know_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o suffer_v as_o malefactor_n but_o as_o martyr_n in_o a_o good_a cause_n that_o excellent_a say_v of_o polycarpus_n now_o ready_a to_o expire_v live_v still_o upon_o record_n namely_o to_o prince_n and_o potentate_n we_o owe_v all_o due_a honour_n and_o obedience_n yet_o not_o so_o as_o thereby_o to_o endanger_v our_o eternal_a salvation_n it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o st_n paul_n child_n obey_v your_o parent_n in_o the_o lord_n 6.1_o eph._n 6.1_o for_o this_o be_v right_n upon_o which_o word_n st_n hierome_n thus_o gloss_v for_o child_n not_o to_o 〈◊〉_d their_o parent_n be_v a_o sin_n but_o because_o parent_n may_v haply_o command_v that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a therefore_o he_o add_v in_o the_o lord_n and_o st_n chrysostome_n thus_o expound_v they_o child_n obey_v your_o parent_n in_o the_o lord_n that_o be_v in_o all_o thing_n wherein_o you_o shall_v not_o disobey_v god_n infidelem_fw-la ad_fw-la patrem_fw-la infidelem_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v for_o it_o be_v no_o small_a reward_n that_o god_n propose_v to_o we_o for_o our_o obedience_n to_o parent_n and_o magistrate_n for_o we_o be_v command_v to_o esteem_v they_o as_o our_o lord_n and_o both_o in_o word_n and_o deed_n to_o yield_v they_o all_o due_a observance_n yet_o so_o as_o the_o work_n of_o true_a piety_n and_o devotion_n be_v not_o thereby_o hinder_v but_o if_o thy_o obedience_n unto_o god_n call_v thou_o forward_o then_o that_o of_o st_n hierome_n hold_v true_a which_o he_o speak_v declamatory_o out_o of_o seneca_n per_fw-la calcatum_fw-la pergo_fw-la patrem_fw-la thou_o must_v go_v on_o though_o thou_o trample_a on_o thy_o own_o parent_n for_o our_o obedience_n unto_o our_o parent_n can_v justify_v our_o disobedience_n unto_o god_n for_o as_o the_o same_o apostle_n say_v every_o man_n shall_v receive_v from_o god_n according_a to_o his_o own_o work_n whether_o bond_n or_o free_a the_o like_a advice_n do_v st_n hierome_n give_v unto_o servant_n where_o he_o add_v 6.1_o in_o eph._n 6.1_o but_o when_o our_o carnal_a lord_n shall_v command_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o he_o who_o be_v the_o god_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o all_o flesh_n than_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v again_o in_o another_o place_n in_o those_o thing_n only_o be_v man_n subject_a unto_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n which_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o command_v of_o god_n so_o likewise_o chrysostome_n servant_n also_o have_v their_o bound_n and_o limit_n prescribe_v they_o by_o god_n 7.24_o in_o 1_o cor._n 7.24_o and_o how_o far_o they_o may_v go_v in_o their_o obedience_n be_v also_o command_v beyond_o which_o they_o must_v not_o proceed_v if_o the_o lord_n command_v we_o nothing_o that_o be_v by_o god_n forbid_v he_o be_v to_o be_v follow_v and_o obey_v but_o not_o beyond_o the_o like_a advice_n give_v clemens_n alexandrinus_n concern_v a_o wife_n let_v she_o say_v he_o obey_v her_o husband_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o do_v nothing_o against_o his_o will_n but_o what_o she_o believe_v may_v very_o much_o conduce_v to_o virtue_n and_o her_o own_o salvation_n so_o likewise_o tertullian_n we_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v say_v he_o by_o the_o apostle_n precept_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o magistrate_n prince_n and_o power_n in_o all_o obedience_n sed_fw-la intra_fw-la limit_n disciplinae_fw-la so_o far_o as_o they_o transgress_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o christian_a discipline_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o silvanus_n the_o martyr_n we_o therefore_o despise_v the_o roman_a law_n lest_o we_o shall_v thereby_o transgress_v the_o divine_a law_n and_o musonius_n if_o a_o son_n a_o servant_n or_o a_o subject_a martyrologio_fw-la in_o martyrologio_fw-la shall_v refuse_v to_o yield_v obedience_n unto_o either_o a_o father_n a_o master_n or_o a_o prince_n in_o such_o command_v as_o be_v impious_a and_o ungodly_a they_o shall_v not_o be_v account_v as_o disobedient_a injurious_a or_o wicked_a now_o as_o the_o obedience_n of_o servant_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n so_o be_v that_o of_o child_n to_o parent_n 7._o lib._n 2._o c._n 7._o aulus_n gellius_n approve_v not_o of_o this_o opinion_n that_o a_o father_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v obey_v for_o say_v he_o what_o if_o he_o command_v his_o son_n to_o betray_v his_o country_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o mother_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o the_o middle_a way_n be_v best_a and_o safe_a in_o some_o thing_n we_o must_v in_o other_o some_o we_o must_v not_o obey_v so_o seneca_n the_o father_n non_fw-la omnibus_fw-la imperiis_fw-la parendum_fw-la est_fw-la all_o command_v oblige_v we_o not_o unto_o obedience_n so_o quintilian_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o child_n shall_v execute_v all_o their_o parent_n command_v for_o there_o may_v be_v many_o thing_n which_o though_o
privilege_n be_v but_o private_a law_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v maintain_v against_o the_o public_a safety_n which_o be_v the_o high_a law_n and_o this_o she_o assert_n to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o many_o thing_n to_o this_o purpose_n we_o may_v find_v in_o jo._n meursius_n his_o danish_a history_n l._n 1._o &_o 2._o where_o the_o lubecker_n and_o the_o emperor_n be_v for_o a_o free_a trade_n the_o dane_n against_o it_o the_o carthaginian_n we_o read_v sometime_o take_v the_o roman_n prisoner_n who_o have_v carry_v such_o warlike_a provision_n to_o their_o enemy_n but_o yet_o upon_o demand_n they_o set_v they_o at_o liberty_n but_o demetrius_n be_v possess_v of_o attica_n and_o have_v strict_o begird_v athens_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n take_v a_o ship_n that_o be_v attempt_v to_o relieve_v it_o be_v now_o ready_a to_o yield_v hang_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n together_o with_o the_o pilot_n whereby_o other_o be_v deter_v from_o the_o like_a attempt_n the_o city_n be_v yield_v unto_o he_o as_o plutarch_n relate_v in_o the_o life_n of_o demetrius_n not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o his_o mithridatick_a war_n testify_v of_o pompey_n that_o he_o place_v guard_n upon_o the_o bosphorus_n so_o that_o if_o any_o merchant_n sail_v through_o it_o they_o be_v if_o take_v put_v to_o death_n vi_o whether_o fraud_n in_o war_n be_v lawful_a as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o prosecute_a war_n it_o be_v general_o grant_v that_o force_n and_o terror_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a way_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o deceit_n be_v lawful_a both_o homer_n and_o pindar_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v annoy_v any_o way_n by_o fraud_n or_o force_n plain_o or_o secret_o clamve_fw-la palamve_fw-la so_o virgil_n force_n or_o deceit_n who_o in_o a_o foe_n dispute_v no_o man_n be_v more_o famous_a for_o wisdom_n than_o solon_n yet_o he_o make_v use_v of_o both_o 15._o lib._n 15._o so_o do_v fabius_n maximus_n and_o be_v high_o commend_v for_o it_o by_o silius_n for_o stratagem_n of_o war_n none_o so_o celebrate_v as_o ulysses_n among_o the_o grecian_n from_o whence_o lucian_n make_v this_o conclusion_n agesilaus_n lucian_n phil._n xenoph._n de_fw-fr cyri_n inst_z lib._n 1._o thucyd._n lib._n 5._o plut._n agesilaus_n that_o deceit_n in_o war_n be_v praiseworthy_a there_o be_v nothing_o so_o profitable_a in_o war_n as_o fraud_n say_v xenophon_n bracidas_n in_o thucydides_n give_v the_o great_a honour_n unto_o he_o that_o overcome_v his_o enemy_n by_o craft_n and_o subtlety_n host_n decipere_fw-la &_o justum_fw-la &_o licitum_fw-la to_o overreach_v a_o enemy_n say_v agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n be_v both_o just_a and_o lawful_a so_o polybius_n he_o that_o can_v circumvent_v his_o enemy_n by_o wile_n and_o stratagem_n deserve_v more_o honour_n than_o he_o that_o overcome_v he_o by_o plain_a force_n and_o from_o he_o silius_n bring_v in_o corvinus_n speak_v thus_o bellandum_fw-la est_fw-la astu_fw-la levior_fw-la laus_fw-la in_o deuce_n dextra_fw-la it_o be_v fraud_n not_o force_n commend_v a_o captain_n most_o so_o also_o think_v the_o severe_a spartan_n as_o plutarch_n note_v in_o the_o life_n of_o marcellus_n and_o therefore_o they_o offer_v more_o solemn_a sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n for_o a_o victory_n obtain_v by_o craft_n and_o policy_n than_o for_o that_o which_o be_v gain_v by_o mere_a force_n and_o herein_o it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o plutarch_n commend_v lysander_n because_o he_o use_v more_o craft_n than_o courage_n in_o destroy_v his_o enemy_n with_o who_o he_o compare_v sylla_n of_o who_o this_o character_n be_v give_v that_o he_o piece_v to_o the_o lion_n skin_n the_o fox_n tail_n so_o likewise_o in_o that_o encomium_n which_o he_o give_v of_o philopoemen_n he_o insert_v this_o that_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o the_o cretensian_a discipline_n he_o do_v expedite_v that_o plain_a and_o generous_a way_n of_o fight_v by_o wile_n and_o stratagem_n thus_o ammianus_n also_o nullo_n discrimine_fw-la virtutis_fw-la ac_fw-la doli_fw-la prosperi_fw-la omnes_fw-la laudari_fw-la debent_fw-la bellorum_fw-la eventus_fw-la without_o any_o distinction_n at_o all_o between_o craft_n or_o courage_n all_o prosperous_a success_n in_o war_n deserve_v commendation_n the_o roman_a lawyer_n account_v all_o fraud_n whereby_o a_o enemy_n be_v weaken_v to_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a and_o if_o a_o man_n can_v by_o any_o mean_n delude_v the_o design_n of_o his_o enemy_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o force_n or_o wit_n he_o be_v to_o be_v encourage_v neither_o among_o divine_n do_v st_n augustine_n differ_v in_o opinion_n from_o these_o historian_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o ten_o question_n on_o joshua_n 10_o sup_v josh_n qu._n 10_o cum_fw-la justum_fw-la bellum_fw-la suscipitur_fw-la vi_fw-la aperta_fw-la pugnet_fw-la quis_fw-la aut_fw-la insidiis_fw-la nihil_fw-la ad_fw-la justitiam_fw-la interest_n in_o case_n the_o war_n be_v just_a say_v he_o it_o matter_n not_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o its_o prosecution_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o force_n or_o policy_n nay_o st._n chrysostome_n seem_v to_o give_v great_a honour_n to_o those_o general_n that_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n by_o subtlety_n than_o to_o those_o who_o conquer_v they_o by_o pure_a valour_n but_o there_o be_v opinion_n that_o seem_v to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a some_o whereof_o we_o shall_v rehearse_v anon_o the_o main_a hinge_n whereupon_o the_o controversy_n hang_v be_v this_o whether_o deceit_n be_v universal_o evil_a for_o theâ—_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o do_v evil_a that_o good_a may_v come_v of_o it_o or_o whether_o deceit_n be_v to_o be_v rank_v among_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o universal_o evil_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o that_o sometime_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o it_o may_v be_v good_n vii_o fraud_n in_o its_o negative_a act_n not_o unlawful_a here_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o some_o fraud_n consist_v in_o a_o negative_a act_n and_o some_o in_o a_o positive_a but_o in_o this_o question_n i_o extend_v the_o word_n fraud_n even_o unto_o those_o thing_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o negative_a act_n as_o labeo_n do_v who_o refer_v it_o unto_o that_o fraud_n which_o be_v not_o evil_a when_o a_o man_n by_o dissimulation_n preserve_v that_o which_o be_v either_o his_o own_o or_o another_o man_n 3._o de_fw-fr offic._n 3._o cicero_n doubtless_o be_v very_o short_a in_o his_o expression_n when_o he_o labour_v to_o explode_v simulation_n and_o dissimulation_n out_o of_o the_o world_n for_o see_v that_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o reveal_v unto_o other_o all_o that_o we_o either_o know_v or_o will_v have_v it_o will_v follow_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o dissemble_v some_o thing_n before_o some_o man_n that_o be_v to_o hide_v from_o they_o somewhat_o of_o what_o we_o know_v 10._o lib._n count_v mendat_fw-la cap._n 10._o or_o of_o what_o we_o desire_v licet_fw-la occultare_fw-la veritatem_fw-la prudenter_fw-la sub_fw-la aliqua_fw-la dissimulatione_fw-la the_o truth_n we_o may_v sometime_o prudent_o conceal_v under_o some_o disguise_n say_v st_n augustine_n which_o we_o may_v do_v without_o be_v just_o charge_v with_o lie_v for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n elsewhere_o speak_v aliud_fw-la est_fw-la mentiri_fw-la aliud_fw-la verum_fw-la occultare_fw-la it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o lie_v and_o another_o to_o conceal_v the_o truth_n as_o abraham_n when_o he_o affirm_v sarah_n to_o be_v his_o sister_n do_v not_o therein_o deny_v that_o she_o be_v his_o wife_n but_o only_o conceal_v it_o so_o st_n augustine_n veritatem_fw-la voluit_fw-la celari_fw-la 20._o gen._n 20._o non_fw-la mendacium_fw-la dici_fw-la he_o be_v indeed_o willing_a that_o the_o truth_n shall_v lie_v undiscovered_a without_o tell_v a_o lie_n now_o if_o this_o be_v lawful_a in_o other_o sure_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o unavoidable_a in_o prince_n as_o cicero_n testify_v in_o many_o place_n a_o notable_a example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o prophet_n jeremiah_n 38._o jerem._n 38._o where_o the_o prophet_n be_v inquire_v of_o concern_v the_o event_n of_o the_o siege_n do_v at_o the_o king_n request_n prudent_o conceal_v it_o from_o the_o noble_n allege_v some_o other_o cause_n of_o their_o conference_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v real_o true_a also_o so_o abraham_n tell_v abimelech_n true_a when_o he_o say_v of_o sarah_n that_o she_o be_v his_o sister_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o speech_n among_o the_o hebrew_n his_o near_a kinswoman_n dissemble_v for_o that_o time_n that_o she_o be_v his_o wife_n viii_o fraud_n in_o its_o positive_a act_n distinguish_v but_o fraud_n which_o consist_v in_o a_o positive_a act_n if_o in_o thing_n be_v call_v simulation_n if_o in_o word_n a_o lie_n some_o place_n the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o in_o this_o that_o word_n do_v natural_o signify_v the_o conception_n of_o our_o mind_n but_o thing_n not_o
example_n in_o all_o history_n as_o namely_o by_o the_o example_n of_o achilles_n in_o homer_n of_o mago_n and_o turnus_n in_o virgil_n which_o do_v therefore_o stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n to_o justify_v the_o like_a practice_n hereafter_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n for_o st._n augustine_n himself_o commend_v the_o goth_n for_o spare_v suppliant_n 2._o de_fw-fr civit._n dei_fw-la c._n 2._o and_o such_o as_o flee_v unto_o temple_n for_o protection_n yet_o say_v that_o which_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v they_o think_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v neither_o be_v they_o always_o receive_v to_o mercy_n that_o beg_v it_o witness_v the_o grecian_n that_o side_v with_o the_o persian_n against_o alexander_n at_o that_o great_a battle_n fight_v at_o the_o river_n granicum_fw-la 12._o ann._n 12._o and_o the_o uspense_v in_o tacitus_n who_o crave_v leave_n but_o to_o depart_v their_o city_n with_o their_o body_n free_a be_v reject_v by_o the_o conqueror_n because_o it_o will_v have_v be_v think_v cruelty_n to_o have_v kill_v they_o in_o cold_a blood_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v themselves_o and_o hard_o to_o keep_v a_o guard_n upon_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n therefore_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o let_v they_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n observe_v here_o also_o the_o right_n of_o war._n xii_o yea_o and_o to_o such_o as_o yield_v without_o condition_n neither_o do_v they_o always_o find_v mercy_n that_o surrender_v themselves_o without_o any_o condition_n at_o all_o but_o even_o these_o be_v sometime_o put_v to_o death_n as_o the_o prince_n of_o pomeria_fw-la be_v by_o the_o roman_n the_o samnite_n by_o sylla_n the_o numidian_n yea_o and_o vercingentoriges_n himself_o by_o caesar_n nay_o it_o be_v almost_o the_o perpetual_a practice_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o their_o triumph_n 1._o dion_n 45._o livy_n 2._o cicero_n in_o ver._n 5._o livy_n lib._n 28._o annal._n 1._o to_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o captain_n and_o other_o commander_n whether_o they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n during_o the_o war_n or_o have_v yield_v themselves_o as_o cicero_n in_o form_n we_o in_o his_o five_o oration_n against_o verres_n which_o both_o livy_n and_o tacitus_n confirm_v nay_o the_o same_o tacitus_n record_v it_o of_o galba_n that_o he_o cause_v the_o ten_o man_n to_o be_v kill_v of_o those_o who_o upon_o submission_n he_o have_v receive_v to_o mercy_n and_o caecina_n upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o aventicum_n cause_v julius_n alpinus_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o be_v the_o principal_a instigator_n of_o the_o war_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o leave_v to_o either_o the_o mercy_n or_o the_o severity_n of_o vitellius_n xiii_o this_o right_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o other_o cause_n it_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n of_o historian_n to_o ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o cruelty_n and_o outrage_n against_o captive_n or_o suppliant_n either_o to_o the_o like_a cruelty_n do_v by_o they_o unto_o other_o or_o to_o their_o obstinacy_n in_o resist_v they_o but_o these_o be_v rather_o pretence_n than_o just_a cause_n for_o retaliation_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v not_o to_o be_v execute_v but_o upon_o the_o same_o person_n that_o offend_v as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v where_o we_o discourse_v concern_v the_o communication_n of_o punishment_n but_o contrariwise_o in_o war_n this_o right_n of_o retaliation_n be_v often_o exercise_v on_o those_o who_o be_v in_o no_o measure_n guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v punish_v this_o custom_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o diodorus_n siculus_n the_o chance_n of_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n equal_a neither_o party_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o that_o in_o case_n they_o be_v vanquish_v what_o they_o intend_v to_o do_v against_o their_o enemy_n have_v they_o be_v victor_n that_o they_o must_v be_v content_v to_o suffer_v from_o they_o thus_o do_v philomelus_n the_o phocensian_a general_n persuade_v his_o enemy_n to_o refrain_v from_o a_o proud_a and_o insolent_a revenge_n by_o threaten_v to_o exact_v the_o like_a in_o case_n the_o victory_n fall_v on_o his_o side_n but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o pretence_n which_o be_v usual_o plead_v namely_o a_o obstinate_a endeavour_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o party_n 1._o goth._n l._n 1._o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o crime_n as_o the_o neapolitan_n allege_v to_o belisarius_n in_o procopius_n that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a discipline_n it_o be_v ever_o account_v a_o capital_a crime_n to_o do_v otherwise_o especial_o if_o we_o be_v engage_v therein_o either_o by_o some_o natural_a obligation_n or_o by_o a_o honest_a and_o deliberate_a choice_n for_o in_o these_o case_n they_o seldom_o admit_v of_o any_o excuse_n be_v the_o fear_n or_o danger_n never_o so_o great_a 24._o polyb._n l._n 1._o &_o 5._o liv._o lib._n 24._o praesidio_fw-la decedere_fw-la apud_fw-la romanos_fw-la capital_fw-it est_fw-la to_o desert_n a_o garrison_n say_v livy_n be_v ever_o account_v among_o the_o roman_n a_o capital_a crime_n every_o man_n therefore_o may_v make_v use_n of_o this_o rigour_n and_o severity_n so_o far_o as_o he_o see_v it_o may_v conduce_v to_o his_o own_o advantage_n and_o be_v therein_o justify_v before_o man_n by_o that_o common_a right_n and_o licence_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o here_o treat_v fourteen_o it_o extend_v also_o to_o hostage_n this_o right_a or_o licence_n do_v sometime_o extend_v itself_o to_o hostage_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o those_o who_o voluntary_o give_v themselves_o as_o pledge_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o article_n agree_v upon_o but_o unto_o those_o also_o who_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o other_o thus_o we_o read_v of_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o hostage_n slay_v by_o the_o thessalian_n and_o of_o three_o hundred_o slay_v by_o the_o roman_n 4._o plut._n de_fw-fr claris_fw-la mulierib_n diony_n 16._o tac._n an._n 12._o 1_o mac._n 13.17_o hist_o 4._o where_o also_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o sometime_o child_n be_v admit_v as_o hostage_n as_o by_o the_o example_n of_o simon_n the_o maccabite_n we_o may_v learn_v and_o sometime_o woman_n as_o by_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o porsenna_n and_o by_o the_o german_n in_o tacitus_n xv._o to_o kill_v by_o poison_n unlawful_a as_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o this_o sense_n that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prohibit_v so_o be_v there_o many_o thing_n forbid_v by_o the_o former_a which_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v tolerate_v for_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o if_o a_o man_n have_v deserve_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o sword_n or_o by_o poison_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o say_v though_o otherwise_o it_o be_v far_o more_o noble_a so_o to_o invade_v another_o man_n life_n as_o to_o give_v he_o a_o equal_a power_n to_o defend_v himself_o but_o this_o be_v not_o due_a unto_o every_o man_n that_o have_v deserve_v to_o die_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n if_o not_o of_o all_o yet_o of_o the_o great_a and_o better_a part_n of_o they_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n no_o not_o of_o a_o enemy_n by_o poison_n which_o custom_n be_v introduce_v for_o a_o general_a good_a lest_o danger_n which_o be_v too_o rife_a and_o frequent_a in_o war_n shall_v be_v beyond_o all_o measure_n multiply_v and_o very_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n be_v first_o enact_v by_o king_n and_o emperor_n who_o life_n as_o they_o be_v principal_o guard_v by_o arm_n so_o be_v they_o most_o easy_o endanger_v by_o poison_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o sear_n of_o infamy_n 42._o lib._n 42._o this_o livy_n call_v a_o clandestine_v villainy_n speak_v of_o pyrrhus_n and_o claudian_n concern_v the_o design_n of_o pyrrhus_n physician_n who_o offer_v fabritius_n to_o poison_v he_o call_v it_o a_o detestable_a act_n 3._o offic._n l._n 3._o not_o fit_a to_o be_v speak_v so_o do_v cicero_n glance_v at_o the_o same_o story_n which_o offer_v of_o the_o physician_n the_o consul_n not_o only_o reject_v but_o discover_v unto_o pyrrhus_n not_o so_o much_o for_o his_o sake_n as_o to_o prevent_v the_o reproach_n and_o scandal_n that_o may_v ensue_v to_o themselves_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v of_o they_o that_o who_o they_o can_v not_o conquer_v by_o true_a valour_n they_o have_v by_o treachery_n destroy_v pyrrhi_n plut._n vit_fw-mi pyrrhi_n or_o as_o aulus_n gellius_n recite_v the_o epistle_n of_o the_o consul_n out_o of_o claudius_n quadrigarius_n communis_fw-la exempli_fw-la &_o fidei_fw-la ergo_fw-la visum_fw-la est_fw-la we_o think_v it_o
make_v use_n of_o the_o treachery_n of_o other_o in_o all_o other_o case_n do_v not_o allow_v of_o it_o in_o this_o case_n be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o be_v before_o give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o poison_n namely_o to_o restrain_v the_o danger_n that_o attend_v king_n and_o prince_n when_o one_o tell_v eumenes_n 14._o just_a lib._n 14._o that_o his_o enemy_n have_v hire_v one_o to_o kill_v he_o he_o will_v not_o believe_v that_o any_o general_n or_o inferior_a captain_n will_v give_v so_o ill_a a_o example_n against_o himself_o and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o justine_n declare_v 12._o just_a lib._n 12._o that_o when_o bessus_n have_v kill_v king_n darius_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v endure_v for_o example_n sake_n because_o it_o be_v the_o common_a cause_n of_o all_o king_n for_o as_o seneca_n well_o observe_v regi_fw-la tuenda_fw-la est_fw-la maxim_n regum_fw-la salus_fw-la a_o king_n chief_a care_n be_v the_o defence_n of_o king_n in_o a_o solemn_a war_n and_o among_o those_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o denounce_v a_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n private_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o solemn_a war_n it_o be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n account_v lawful_a that_o be_v unpunishable_a 11._o annal._n l._n 11._o tacitus_n deny_v peremptory_o that_o the_o plot_n that_o be_v lay_v against_o the_o life_n of_o gannascus_n be_v at_o all_o 7._o lib._n 7._o degenerous_a because_o he_o be_v a_o traitor_n and_o curtius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o guilt_n of_o bessus_n in_o kill_v darius_n do_v make_v the_o treachery_n of_o spitamenes_n appear_v the_o less_o odious_a for_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v think_v wicked_a that_o be_v do_v against_o a_o regicide_n so_o likewise_o ammianus_n concern_v florentius_n and_o barchalba_n who_o have_v surprise_v procopius_n the_o traitor_n si_fw-mi principem_fw-la legitimum_fw-la prodidissent_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsa_fw-la justitia_fw-la jure_fw-la caesos_fw-la pronunciaret_fw-la si_fw-la rebellem_fw-la &_o oppugnatorem_fw-la internae_fw-la quietis_fw-la ut_fw-la ferebatur_fw-la amplas_fw-la ei_fw-la memorabilis_fw-la facti_fw-la opportuerat_fw-la deferri_fw-la mercedes_fw-la if_o it_o have_v be_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n that_o they_o have_v betray_v the_o law_n have_v just_o sentence_v they_o to_o death_n but_o if_o he_o be_v a_o rebel_n or_o a_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o his_o own_o country_n as_o be_v say_v you_o ought_v to_o give_v he_o a_o reward_n worthy_a of_o so_o memorable_a a_o fact_n thus_o be_v artabanes_n high_o commend_v in_o procopius_n for_o kill_a gontharide_n as_o we_o may_v read_v at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o second_o of_o his_o vandal_n history_n so_o perfidiousness_n or_o treachery_n against_o thief_n and_o pirate_n though_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o blameless_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n punishable_a because_o commit_v against_o such_o as_o be_v enemy_n to_o humane_a society_n but_o what_o if_o they_o that_o be_v send_v to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n private_o do_v owe_v he_o no_o faith_n kill_v but_o not_o if_o he_o owe_v he_o no_o faith_n but_o not_o if_o the_o person_n send_v owe_v no_o faith_n to_o he_o who_o he_o be_v send_v to_o kill_v nor_o be_v any_o way_n oblige_v unto_o he_o sure_o then_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o kill_v he_o if_o they_o can_v even_o in_o his_o own_o quarter_n thus_o pipin_n father_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a of_o france_n attend_v with_o one_o only_a of_o his_o guard_n pass_v the_o rhine_n and_o kill_v his_o enemy_n even_o in_o his_o own_o chamber_n the_o like_a be_v attempt_v by_o one_o theodotus_n a_o etolian_a upon_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n which_o polybius_n commend_v as_o no_o unmanly_a attempt_n such_o also_o be_v that_o heroic_a enterprise_n of_o q._n mutius_n scaevola_n who_o be_v in_o plutarch_n esteem_n a_o man_n accomplish_v with_o all_o virtuous_a endowment_n which_o attempt_n he_o thus_o defend_v host_n hostem_fw-la occidere_fw-la volui_fw-la i_o be_v a_o enemy_n will_v have_v kill_v a_o enemy_n 3._o livy_n l._n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 3._o porsenna_n himself_o acknowledge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o act_n of_o true_a valour_n valerius_n maximus_n commend_v it_o for_o a_o brave_a and_o gallant_a resolution_n so_o do_v cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o publius_n sextus_n because_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n wheresoever_o we_o find_v he_o be_v lawful_a both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n neither_o do_v it_o make_v any_o difference_n how_o many_o they_o be_v that_o either_o thus_o act_n or_o suffer_v six_o hundred_o lacedaemonian_n we_o read_v of_o that_o with_o leonides_n their_o king_n march_v direct_o through_o the_o camp_n of_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o their_o enemy_n even_o unto_o the_o king_n pavilion_n 4._o just_a l._n 2._o zozimus_fw-la l._n 4._o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o few_o a_o 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zeldi_n as_o arrianus_n testify_v because_o they_o be_v enforce_v to_o take_v part_n against_o he_o with_o the_o barbarian_n and_o diodorus_n bring_v in_o nicolaus_n the_o syracusian_a thus_o plead_v for_o the_o captive_n they_o that_o be_v confederate_n with_o our_o enemy_n be_v by_o force_n drive_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o we_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o they_o that_o studious_o and_o industrious_o make_v war_n against_o we_o be_v severe_o punish_v so_o to_o pardon_v those_o who_o unwilling_o offend_v we_o be_v alike_o conscientious_a so_o antigonus_n allege_v 38._o lib._n 38._o that_o he_o make_v war_n indeed_o against_o cleomenes_n but_o not_o against_o the_o spartan_n as_o justine_n report_v it_o iu._n nor_o for_o a_o intermediate_v fault_n between_o fraud_n and_o misfortune_n this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o between_o a_o plain_a and_o manifest_a injury_n and_o a_o injury_n do_v by_o a_o mere_a mischance_n there_o intercede_v sometime_o 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befall_v a_o man_n than_o what_o be_v intend_v as_o if_o a_o fencer_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o skill_n and_o only_o intend_v to_o draw_v blood_n shall_v kill_v his_o adversary_n it_o may_v be_v call_v a_o mischance_n but_o not_o a_o mischief_n for_o whatsoever_o happen_v beside_o what_o a_o man_n propose_v to_o himself_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o misfortune_n for_o haply_o vellicare_fw-la voluit_fw-la non_fw-la vulnerare_fw-la he_o intend_v to_o beat_v he_o not_o to_o wound_v he_o or_o if_o he_o do_v intend_v to_o wound_v yet_o haply_o not_o this_o man_n but_o another_o or_o it_o may_v be_v not_o in_o that_o manner_n or_o in_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o if_o therefore_o any_o such_o hurt_n or_o damage_n do_v arise_v beside_o what_o be_v intend_v or_o may_v probable_o be_v expect_v it_o shall_v be_v esteem_v as_o a_o mischance_n not_o a_o mischief_n but_o second_o if_o the_o wrong_v do_v may_v have_v be_v foresee_v and_o prevent_v though_o it_o be_v not_o do_v improbo_fw-la animo_fw-la with_o a_o wicked_a intention_n it_o shall_v be_v account_v as_o a_o fault_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o aristotle_n term_v it_o for_o culpae_fw-la affinis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o se_fw-la habet_fw-la agendi_fw-la principium_fw-la qui_fw-la vero_fw-la extra_fw-la infoelix_fw-la he_o must_v needs_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o sin_n or_o fault_n commit_v that_o act_n by_o a_o principle_n within_o he_o but_o he_o that_o be_v passive_a and_o overrule_v by_o something_o without_o he_o be_v unhappy_a but_o when_o a_o man_n do_v what_o he_o do_v know_o though_o not_o deliberate_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o a_o injury_n be_v do_v as_o he_o that_o in_o a_o forest_n shoot_v at_o a_o deer_n but_o kill_v a_o man_n who_o he_o see_v not_o be_v unfortunate_a but_o he_o that_o discharge_v a_o musket_n in_o a_o populous_a street_n though_o with_o no_o mischievous_a intention_n yet_o if_o he_o kill_v a_o man_n he_o sin_n because_o he_o do_v it_o free_o and_o 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unjust_a if_o namely_o the_o revenge_n swell_v high_o than_o the_o provocation_n or_o the_o wrong_n we_o do_v bear_v not_o a_o just_a proportion_n with_o what_o we_o before_o suffer_v for_o iustùs_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la deliberatò_fw-la justè_fw-la agit_fw-fr he_o be_v a_o just_a man_n who_o know_o and_o deliberate_o do_v just_o for_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o a_o man_n may_v do_v just_o know_o but_o not_o deliberate_o moreover_o of_o such_o wrong_n as_o be_v spontaneous_a some_o deserve_v pardon_n other_o not_z those_o injury_n be_v pardonable_a which_o be_v do_v not_o only_o by_o such_o as_o know_v not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v lawful_o do_v they_o but_o these_o also_o that_o be_v do_v through_o ignoranee_n that_o be_v when_o their_o ignorance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o offence_n but_o if_o injury_n be_v commit_v by_o ignorant_a person_n but_o not_o through_o their_o ignorance_n but_o with_o such_o a_o affection_n of_o mind_n as_o exceed_v the_o common_a bound_n of_o humanity_n such_o offender_n deserve_v no_o pardon_n thus_o far_o aristotle_n who_o very_a word_n because_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o great_a use_n i_o have_v therefore_o say_v grotius_n entire_o turn_v into_o latin_a because_o usual_o be_v but_o ill_o translate_v they_o be_v not_o easy_o understand_v quod_fw-la sponte_fw-la non_fw-la fit_n omne_fw-la dignum_fw-la venia_fw-la whatsoever_o be_v unwilling_o do_v say_v dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n be_v pardonable_a so_o likewise_o procopius_n they_o who_o have_v wrong_v other_o if_o through_o ignorance_n that_o be_v when_o their_o ignorance_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o wrong_n aught_o in_o equity_n to_o be_v forgive_v by_o those_o who_o they_o have_v wrong_v 7.2_o nic._n 7.2_o michael_n ephesius_n interpret_n that_o place_n of_o aristotle_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o a_o injury_n that_o may_v be_v do_v beyond_o the_o expectation_n of_o he_o that_o do_v it_o place_n that_o which_o i_o have_v before-recited_n as_o a_o instance_n in_o a_o son_n who_o force_v open_o a_o door_n wound_v his_o own_o father_n and_o of_o that_o which_o may_v have_v be_v foresee_v he_o put_v that_o of_o a_o man_n that_o without_o any_o malice_n shoot_v a_o arrow_n at_o random_n in_o a_o highway_n and_o of_o that_o do_v by_o necessity_n he_o instance_v in_o he_o who_o be_v oppress_v with_o hunger_n or_o famine_n be_v constrain_v to_o be_v injurious_a to_o other_o to_o preserve_v himself_o a_o example_n of_o fault_n commit_v out_o of_o natural_a perturbation_n he_o put_v in_o love_n grief_n fear_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v through_o ignorance_n when_o the_o fact_n be_v unknown_a as_o when_o abimilech_n will_v have_v take_v sarah_n not_o know_v that_o she_o be_v abraham_n wife_n a_o injury_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o person_n ignorant_a but_o not_o through_o ignorance_n where_o the_o law_n be_v unknown_a and_o this_o very_a
soldier_n to_o satiate_v their_o anger_n with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o conquer_a vii_o even_o enemy_n deserve_v death_n may_v be_v sometime_o pardon_v yea_o though_o in_o strictness_n of_o justice_n they_o have_v deserve_v death_n yet_o ofttimes_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o goodness_n modesty_n and_o magnanimity_n of_o a_o conqueror_n to_o forgive_v than_o to_o revenge_n of_o this_o mind_n be_v king_n theuderick_n in_o cassiodore_n those_o war_n have_v always_o succeed_v well_o to_o i_o say_v he_o which_o have_v end_v moderate_o for_o he_o can_v never_o want_v the_o victory_n that_o know_v how_o to_o use_v it_o with_o temperance_n and_o clemency_n sallust_n ascribe_v the_o prosperity_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o empire_n 41._o â—ib_fw-la 2._o c._n 41._o to_o nothing_o more_o than_o to_o their_o promptness_n to_o forgive_v and_o it_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o tacitus_n quanta_fw-la pervicacia_fw-la in_o hostem_fw-la 12._o annal._n l._n 12._o tanta_fw-la benificentia_fw-la adversus_fw-la supplices_fw-la to_o show_v as_o much_o love_n and_o kindness_n to_o poor_a suppliant_n as_o courage_n and_o resolution_n towards_o enemy_n yea_o and_o seneca_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o most_o generous_a of_o beast_n do_v disdain_v to_o tear_v and_o prey_n upon_o thing_n vile_a and_o abject_a elephant_n and_o lion_n scorn_v thing_n that_o be_v prostrate_a and_o pass_v by_o what_o they_o have_v overcome_v 4._o lib._n 4._o the_o author_n to_o herennius_n have_v a_o excellent_a say_n to_o this_o purpose_n our_o ancestor_n say_v he_o do_v very_o wise_o observe_v this_o custom_n never_o to_o put_v any_o king_n to_o death_n who_o they_o have_v take_v in_o war_n but_o why_o because_o say_v he_o it_o will_v seem_v unreasonable_a to_o use_v that_o power_n which_o fortune_n have_v now_o give_v we_o to_o destroy_v they_o who_o the_o same_o fortune_n not_o long_o before_o have_v so_o eminent_o favour_v and_o why_o shall_v i_o now_o punish_v they_o because_o they_o have_v lead_v their_o army_n against_o i_o this_o have_v now_o get_v the_o victory_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o forget_v quia_fw-la viri_fw-la fortis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr victoria_fw-la contendant_fw-la eos_fw-la fortes_fw-la putare_fw-la qui_fw-la victi_fw-la sunt_fw-la eos_fw-la homines_fw-la judicare_fw-la ut_fw-la possit_fw-la bellum_fw-la fortitudo_fw-la minuere_fw-la pacem_fw-la humanitatis_fw-la augere_fw-la because_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o valiant_a commander_n to_o esteem_v man_n as_o enemy_n whilst_o they_o be_v able_a to_o contend_v for_o victory_n but_o be_v overcome_v then_o to_o pity_v they_o as_o man_n that_o so_o valour_n may_v end_v the_o war_n and_o humanity_n confirm_v the_o peace_n but_o you_o will_v haply_o say_v what_o if_o he_o have_v overcome_v you_o will_v he_o have_v do_v so_o wherefore_o then_o shall_v you_o spare_v he_o i_o answer_v quia_fw-la talem_fw-la stultitiam_fw-la contemnere_fw-la non_fw-la imitari_fw-la consuevi_fw-la because_o it_o be_v my_o custom_n to_o contemn_v and_o not_o to_o imitate_v such_o folly_n now_o if_o this_o author_n do_v mean_v this_o of_o the_o roman_n which_o be_v very_o uncertain_a because_o he_o intermix_v many_o strange_a and_o indeed_o romantic_a story_n with_o some_o true_a one_o it_o manifest_o contradict_v that_o which_o we_o read_v in_o the_o panegyric_n of_o constantine_n the_o son_n of_o constantius_n he_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o prudent_a man_n who_o have_v conquer_v rebel_n can_v bind_v they_o to_o himself_o by_o a_o free_a pardon_n but_o he_o of_o a_o valiant_a man_n who_o have_v vex_v they_o can_v trample_v upon_o they_o thou_o have_v revive_v o_o emperor_n that_o ancient_a confidence_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n who_o triumph_v in_o the_o death_n of_o those_o great_a commander_n who_o they_o have_v take_v in_o the_o war_n for_o in_o those_o day_n their_o captive_a king_n after_o they_o have_v grace_v their_o triumph_n by_o attend_v the_o conqueror_n chariot_n from_o the_o port_n to_o the_o most_o public_a place_n of_o the_o city_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o turn_v his_o chariot_n towards_o the_o capitol_n be_v hurry_v away_o to_o execution_n only_o perseus_n upon_o the_o intercession_n of_o paulus_n aemilius_n to_o who_o he_o have_v yield_v himself_o escape_v the_o severity_n of_o this_o custom_n but_o the_o rest_n have_v their_o eye_n put_v out_o remain_v for_o ever_o after_o in_o chain_n teach_v thereby_o other_o king_n rather_o to_o preserve_v their_o faith_n and_o friendship_n with_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n than_o to_o exasperate_v their_o justice_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v write_v somewhat_o too_o loose_o josephus_n in_o his_o history_n concern_v the_o death_n of_o simon_n bar-jorae_a testify_v the_o same_o severity_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o he_o speak_v it_o of_o such_o captain_n and_o commander_n only_o as_o be_v pontius_n samnis_n but_o not_o of_o such_o as_o carry_v the_o title_n of_o king_n who_o word_n sound_v thus_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o triumph_n be_v after_o that_o the_o triumphant_a chariot_n be_v come_v to_o the_o capitol_n for_o there_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n the_o conqueror_n be_v to_o stay_v till_o tiding_n be_v bring_v of_o the_o death_n of_o that_o great_a commander_n who_o he_o lead_v in_o triumph_n who_o have_v a_o halter_n cast_v about_o he_o be_v present_o draw_v into_o the_o marketplace_n his_o keeper_n whip_v he_o forward_o for_o in_o that_o place_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n such_o as_o be_v condemn_v for_o capital_a crime_n be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o there_o execute_v so_o soon_o then_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v unto_o the_o emperor_n that_o his_o enemy_n be_v dead_a they_o immediate_o proceed_v to_o perform_v all_o other_o the_o rite_n that_o be_v in_o those_o case_n provide_v very_o joyful_o ver._n orat._n in_o ver._n the_o very_a same_o ceremony_n do_v cicero_n also_o recite_v in_o his_o oration_n concern_v punishment_n concern_v great_a commander_n thus_o execute_v history_n afford_v we_o example_n enough_o and_o some_o few_o of_o king_n also_o as_o of_o aristonicus_n jugurth_n artabasdus_n i_o shall_v be_v loath_a to_o revive_v this_o obsolete_a custom_n dion_n jos_n ant._n l._n 5._o c._n 1._o dion_n yet_o we_o read_v that_o joshua_n put_v to_o death_n those_o king_n that_o he_o take_v captive_n and_o dion_n relate_v of_o sossius_n that_o he_o whip_v antigonus_n with_o rod_n after_o be_v have_v fasten_v he_o to_o his_o cross_n but_o withal_o the_o same_o historian_n wise_o add_v which_o no_o king_n ever_o suffer_v by_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a conqueror_n the_o same_o history_n we_o may_v also_o read_v in_o josephus_n 15._o ant._n l._n 15._o eutropius_n likewise_o record_v it_o of_o maximianus_n herculius_n that_o have_v slay_v the_o franc_n and_o almain_n and_o take_v their_o king_n captive_n he_o expose_v they_o to_o be_v devour_v by_o wild_a beast_n so_o do_v ammianus_n concern_v a_o king_n of_o the_o almain_n who_o be_v take_v captive_a be_v crucify_v yet_o even_o among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v divers_a king_n beside_o perseus_n that_o escape_v the_o severity_n of_o that_o custom_n as_o syphax_n gentius_n juba_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o caesar_n caractius_n and_o other_o whence_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o roman_n though_o as_o cicero_n and_o other_o blame_v they_o for_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o this_o case_n have_v always_o some_o respect_n both_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n and_o also_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o prosecution_n when_o they_o thus_o punish_v they_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o ill_a advice_n that_o m._n aemilius_n paulus_n give_v to_o the_o roman_a senate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o perseus_n si_fw-mi nihil_fw-la humani_fw-la metuerent_fw-la at_o divinam_fw-la vindictam_fw-la timerent_fw-la iis_fw-la imminentem_fw-la qui_fw-la victoriâ_fw-la insolentius_fw-la utuntur_fw-la though_o they_o stand_v not_o in_o awe_n of_o any_o humane_a power_n yet_o they_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o fear_v the_o anger_n of_o the_o god_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o avenge_v themselves_o on_o those_o who_o abuse_v their_o favour_n with_o too_o much_o pride_n and_o insolency_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o agis_n observe_v that_o in_o the_o grecian_a war_n such_o reverence_n be_v bear_v unto_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n of_o a_o king_n that_o their_o very_a enemy_n dare_v not_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o lacedaemonian_a king_n a_o enemy_n therefore_o that_o consider_v not_o what_o humane_a law_n permit_v to_o be_v do_v but_o what_o in_o equity_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v or_o what_o religion_n and_o piety_n require_v to_o be_v do_v forbear_v the_o shed_n of_o the_o blood_n even_o of_o his_o enemy_n neither_o will_v he_o sentence_v any_o man_n to_o death_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o preserve_v life_n or_o livelihood_n to_o himself_o or_o for_o such_o personal_a crime_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n deserve_v death_n yea_o and_o though_o some_o
late_o to_o help_v it_o this_o in_o all_o city_n be_v observe_v as_o a_o oracle_n that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n they_o ever_o provide_v for_o war_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o firm_a and_o last_a peace_n we_o shall_v neither_o place_v too_o much_o confidence_n in_o our_o friend_n because_o they_o may_v prove_v our_o enemy_n neither_o shall_v we_o appear_v too_o diffident_a of_o our_o enemy_n because_o they_o may_v hereafter_o prove_v our_o friend_n but_o if_o the_o hope_n of_o our_o enemy_n conversion_n can_v prevail_v with_o we_o to_o do_v they_o civil_a office_n yet_o let_v we_o remember_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hostility_n at_o all_o against_o we_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o a_o enemy_n country_n produce_v for_o all_o thing_n there_o be_v serviceable_a all_o thing_n profitable_a all_o thing_n pleasurable_a or_o very_o necessary_a to_o ourselves_o all_o its_o fruit_n afford_v unto_o we_o either_o nourishment_n or_o somewhat_o that_o be_v equivalent_a unto_o it_o again_o non_fw-la opportet_fw-la bellum_fw-la infer_v belli_n nesciis_fw-la we_o ought_v not_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v so_o amicable_a so_o innocent_a that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o war_n mean_v to_o burn_v cut_v down_o and_o utter_o to_o extirpate_v those_o thing_n which_o nature_n by_o heat_n from_o above_o and_o moisture_n from_o beneath_o have_v so_o tender_o bring_v up_o and_o nourish_v to_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o pay_v their_o yearly_a tribute_n unto_o man_n as_o unto_o king_n savour_n of_o too_o much_o inhumanity_n thus_o far_o philo_n wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o josephus_n if_o tree_n say_v he_o can_v speak_v they_o will_v certain_o upbraid_v we_o with_o injustice_n for_o inflict_v upon_o they_o the_o plague_n and_o misery_n of_o war_n who_o be_v in_o no_o wise_a guilty_a of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o neither_o have_v that_o say_v of_o pythagoras_n any_o other_o ground_n than_o this_o where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o to_o cut_v down_o or_o to_o hurt_v tender_a plant_n or_o tree_n that_o bear_v fruit_n be_v a_o sin_n against_o nature_n and_o not_o justifiable_a before_o god_n 4._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr edendis_fw-la lib._n 4._o porphyry_n likewise_o describe_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o jew_n take_v as_o i_o suppose_v their_o custom_n to_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o their_o law_n extend_v this_o custom_n or_o law_n to_o all_o beast_n that_o be_v serviceable_a for_o tillage_n their_o talmud_n and_o their_o interpreter_n do_v yet_o stretch_v out_o this_o law_n somewhat_o far_o even_o to_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v causeless_o perish_v as_o the_o fire_n of_o house_n the_o poison_n of_o spring_n or_o the_o spoil_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v afford_v nourishment_n to_o mankind_n unless_o it_o be_v such_o tree_n or_o house_n as_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o wall_n may_v thereby_o hinder_v soldier_n in_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o military_a duty_n agreeable_a with_o this_o law_n be_v that_o prudent_a moderation_n of_o the_o athenian_a general_n 5._o de_fw-fr repub._n l._n 5._o timotheus_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v his_o soldier_n to_o destroy_v any_o house_n or_o village_n nor_o cut_v down_o any_o plant_n that_o bare_a fruit._n there_o be_v the_o like_a law_n extant_a in_o plato_n prohibit_v the_o lay_n of_o any_o land_n waste_v or_o the_o demolish_n of_o any_o house_n and_o if_o we_o may_v not_o waste_v the_o country_n of_o a_o enemy_n much_o less_o when_o by_o conquest_n we_o have_v make_v it_o our_o own_o 1._o offic._n l._n 1._o cicero_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o demolish_n of_o corinth_n though_o the_o citizen_n have_v unhandsome_o treat_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v that_o war_n a_o ugly_a sva_fw-la pro_fw-la domo_fw-la sva_fw-la horrid_a and_o malicious_a war_n that_o be_v make_v against_o house_n wall_n pillar_n and_o post_n livy_n high_o commend_v the_o lenity_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o that_o have_v take_v capua_n 26._o lib._n 26._o they_o do_v not_o pull_v down_o the_o wall_n nor_o set_v on_o fire_n the_o innocent_a house_n there_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a epistle_n upon_o this_o argument_n extant_a in_o procopius_n which_o belisarius_n write_v to_o totilas_n it_o have_v be_v say_v he_o repute_v in_o former_a age_n the_o glory_n of_o wise_a man_n to_o raise_v fair_a and_o magnificent_a structure_n to_o preserve_v their_o name_n and_o memory_n but_o to_o raze_v and_o demolish_v they_o be_v build_v be_v ever_o esteem_v the_o badge_n of_o folly_n and_o madness_n as_o not_o blush_v to_o transmit_v to_o posterity_n the_o monument_n of_o their_o own_o vileness_n it_o be_v confess_v by_o all_o man_n that_o rome_n be_v the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o beautiful_a city_n of_o all_o that_o the_o sun_n behold_v neither_o do_v it_o arise_v to_o this_o height_n of_o splendour_n by_o the_o bounty_n or_o industry_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o in_o few_o year_n but_o many_o king_n and_o emperor_n and_o a_o vast_a series_n or_o succession_n of_o nobleman_n many_o age_n and_o a_o stupendous_a mass_n of_o treasure_n have_v draw_v hither_o as_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o most_o expert_a artificer_n in_o the_o world_n whereby_o have_v by_o little_a and_o little_o bring_v this_o city_n to_o that_o perfection_n wherein_o we_o now_o see_v it_o they_o have_v bequeath_v it_o to_o future_a age_n as_o a_o everlasting_a monument_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o magnanimity_n wherefore_o to_o raze_v this_o city_n be_v to_o be_v injurious_a to_o mankind_n in_o all_o age_n to_o our_o ancestor_n in_o sacrilegious_o bury_v in_o its_o ruin_n the_o memory_n of_o their_o noble_a act_n to_o our_o posterity_n envious_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o those_o noble_a structure_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v excite_v to_o the_o imitation_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o if_o it_o be_v thus_o then_o consider_v that_o one_o of_o these_o two_o must_v necessary_o fall_v out_o either_o the_o emperor_n must_v vanquish_v or_o you_o if_o you_o be_v conqueror_n then_o in_o destroy_v this_o city_n you_o destroy_v not_o what_o be_v your_o enemy_n but_o your_o own_o and_o in_o preserve_v it_o you_o enjoy_v the_o rich_a and_o most_o beautiful_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o case_n thou_o be_v worsted_n thy_o clemency_n in_o preserve_v this_o great_a city_n shall_v plead_v strong_o to_o the_o emperor_n for_o mercy_n but_o in_o destroy_v it_o all_o hope_n of_o favour_n lie_v bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o and_o thou_o shall_v not_o only_o lose_v whatever_o thou_o can_v gain_v by_o the_o spoil_n but_o a_o eternal_a brand_n of_o shame_n and_o infamy_n shall_v cleave_v unto_o thy_o name_n throughout_o all_o age_n according_a to_o thy_o deal_n herein_o for_o fame_n be_v equal_o ready_a to_o report_v either_o good_a or_o evil_n of_o we_o potentum_fw-la quales_fw-la sunt_fw-la actiones_fw-la talis_fw-la existimatio_fw-la according_a to_o the_o life_n and_o action_n of_o grandee_n so_o be_v their_o fame_n to_o the_o world_n end_n thus_o far_o procopius_n it_o be_v true_a 3.19_o josh_n 6._o 2_o king_n 3.19_o that_o god_n himself_o in_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n do_v not_o only_o command_v that_o some_o city_n shall_v be_v destroy_v by_o fire_n but_o also_o that_o the_o tree_n of_o the_o moabite_n contrary_a to_o this_o general_a rule_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o but_o this_o be_v not_o do_v out_o of_o a_o hostile_a malice_n but_o out_o of_o a_o pure_a detestation_n of_o their_o sin_n which_o be_v either_o public_o know_v to_o deserve_v such_o a_o punishment_n or_o at_o least_o be_v so_o repute_v in_o god_n account_n iii_o if_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n of_o victory_n second_o we_o shall_v forbear_v to_o waste_v a_o enemy_n country_n where_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o be_v in_o question_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o probable_a hope_n of_o a_o speedy_a victory_n whereby_o both_o the_o land_n and_o the_o profit_n thereof_o be_v likely_a to_o become_v the_o reward_n of_o the_o conqueror_n so_o alexander_n the_o great_a as_o justine_n tell_v we_o prohibit_v his_o soldier_n from_o depopulate_a asia_n tell_v they_o that_o they_o ought_v rather_o careful_o to_o preserve_v their_o own_o and_o not_o to_o destroy_v that_o which_o they_o come_v to_o possess_v thus_o gelimer_n with_o his_o vandal_n besiege_v the_o city_n carthage_n 2._o proc._n vand._n 2._o make_v no_o spoil_n nor_o take_v any_o pillage_n but_o secure_v the_o country_n to_o himself_o as_o his_o own_o the_o like_a speech_n i_o find_v in_o helmoldus_n nun_n terra_fw-la quam_fw-la devastamus_fw-la nostra_fw-la est_fw-la 66._o lib._n 1._o c._n 66._o be_v not_o the_o land_n that_o we_o waste_v we_o and_o the_o people_n who_o we_o destroy_v our_o subject_n wherefore_o then_o be_v we_o become_v enemy_n to_o our_o sâ—lves_n wherefore_o do_v we_o drive_v away_o those_o
such_o thing_n in_o they_o as_o add_v but_o little_a to_o the_o conquest_n be_v take_v away_o and_o yet_o whereby_o many_o innocent_a person_n be_v or_o may_v be_v damnify_v so_o that_o such_o act_n as_o these_o christian_a clemency_n do_v always_o almost_o and_o justice_n itself_o also_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n abhor_v sure_o there_o be_v a_o great_a tie_n and_o obligation_n among_o christian_n than_o there_o ever_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o grecian_n yet_o we_o find_v a_o decree_n make_v by_o the_o amphictiones_fw-la ne_fw-la qua_fw-la vrbs_fw-la graeca_n bello_fw-la exscinderetur_fw-la that_o none_o of_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n shall_v ever_o be_v burn_v down_o by_o war._n and_o it_o stand_v yet_o record_v by_o some_o ancient_a writer_n that_o alexander_n the_o great_a never_o repent_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o he_o do_v the_o destroy_n of_o thebes_n chap._n xiii_o moderation_n concern_v thing_n take_v in_o war._n i._o the_o good_n even_o of_o our_o enemy_n subject_n be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v detain_v only_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o some_o just_a debt_n ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o man_n crime_n iii_o by_o debt_n here_o all_o the_o charge_n and_o damage_n occasion_v by_o a_o just_a war_n be_v also_o include_v vi_o not_o to_o exact_v the_o utmost_a of_o our_o right_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o humanity_n i._o subject_n good_n take_v in_o war_n detain_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o just_a debt_n the_o take_n of_o our_o enemy_n good_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v neither_o altogether_o blameless_a nor_o be_v it_o exempt_v from_o all_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n for_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o which_o be_v do_v right_o we_o can_v neither_o take_v nor_o detain_v more_o from_o our_o enemy_n than_o what_o be_v just_o due_a from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o beyond_o what_o be_v due_a we_o be_v enforce_v to_o detain_v for_o our_o necessary_a safety_n which_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v restore_v the_o danger_n be_v pass_v either_o in_o kind_n or_o to_o their_o full_a value_n as_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v 2._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o for_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v to_o the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o we_o be_v much_o more_o lawful_a to_o the_o good_n of_o those_o that_o be_v our_o enemy_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n what_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n may_v be_v take_v so_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o purpose_n to_o restore_v it_o as_o be_v already_o prove_v this_o necessity_n create_v a_o kind_n of_o right_a to_o take_v that_o wherein_o we_o have_v otherwise_o no_o propriety_n at_o all_o 8._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o §_o 6_o 7_o 8._o but_o whereas_o debt_n may_v arise_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o inequality_n that_o there_o be_v in_o thing_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o punishment_n due_a for_o some_o act_n of_o injustice_n do_v unto_o we_o we_o may_v in_o either_o of_o those_o case_n possess_v ourselves_o if_o we_o can_v of_o the_o good_n of_o our_o enemy_n but_o yet_o with_o this_o difference_n namely_o in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o case_n the_o good_n not_o of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n only_o but_o those_o of_o his_o subject_n also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o suretyship_n stand_v oblige_v which_o right_o of_o nation_n we_o conceive_v to_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n than_o that_o which_o consist_v either_o in_o a_o bare_a impunity_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o external_a judgement_n for_o as_o by_o our_o own_o private_a consent_n or_o agreement_n he_o that_o deal_v with_o we_o for_o what_o be_v we_o seek_v to_o have_v not_o only_o a_o external_a or_o judicial_a right_n but_o a_o internal_a and_o equitable_a also_o in_o that_o which_o he_o deal_v for_o so_o be_v it_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o common_a consent_n or_o agreement_n wherein_o be_v virtual_o contain_v every_o particular_a man_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o law_n be_v call_v the_o common_a pact_n or_o agreement_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n now_o it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o credible_a that_o it_o please_v the_o nation_n that_o such_o a_o right_o shall_v be_v thus_o acquire_v because_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v at_o first_o introduce_v not_o only_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o great_a mischief_n but_o also_o as_o a_o way_n whereby_o every_o state_n and_o nation_n may_v recover_v their_o own_o ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o crime_n but_o if_o the_o debt_n wherein_o a_o foreign_a prince_n stand_v oblige_v unto_o we_o be_v penal_a only_o i_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n such_o a_o right_n be_v give_v to_o detain_v his_o subject_n good_n bare_o for_o his_o neglect_n for_o such_o a_o tie_n upon_o another_o man_n good_n will_v be_v odious_a and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o extend_v itself_o far_o than_o the_o person_n offend_v neither_o be_v there_o the_o like_a profit_n arise_v from_o these_o latter_a debt_n as_o from_o the_o former_a for_o the_o former_a debt_n require_v some_o reparation_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o good_n but_o so_o do_v not_o these_o latter_a and_o therefore_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o may_v without_o damage_n be_v omit_v neither_o do_v that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o attic_a law_n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 2._o contradict_v this_o for_o there_o man_n stand_v oblige_v not_o for_o that_o proper_o because_o the_o city_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v but_o only_o to_o compel_v the_o city_n to_o do_v what_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v that_o be_v to_o inflict_v punishment_n upon_o offender_n the_o neglect_n whereof_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o former_a and_o not_o unto_o these_o latter_a sort_n of_o debt_n for_o to_o owe_v a_o duty_n in_o punish_v offender_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o to_o lie_v obnoxious_a to_o punishment_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o that_o duty_n be_v another_o the_o omission_n of_o that_o do_v usual_o induce_v this_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o former_a be_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o latter_a the_o effect_n and_o therefore_o the_o good_n of_o a_o enemy_n subject_n can_v lawful_o be_v possess_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o be_v to_o punish_v the_o innocent_a for_o the_o nocent_a but_o such_o thing_n only_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o debt_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o person_n who_o be_v delinquent_n among_o who_o be_v the_o magistrate_n themselves_o who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o punish_v but_o do_v it_o not_o iii_o by_o debt_n be_v understand_v the_o subsequent_a charge_n also_o beside_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o our_o enemy_n subject_n may_v be_v take_v and_o keep_v not_o only_o to_o reimburse_v ourselves_o of_o our_o original_a debt_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n but_o to_o repair_v our_o loss_n and_o expense_n in_o the_o war_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n and_o thus_o must_v we_o understand_v that_o which_o some_o divine_n have_v write_v namely_o that_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_v with_o the_o principal_a debt_n that_o be_v until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v according_a to_o sound_a judgement_n for_o the_o damage_n do_v in_o the_o war_n itself_o thus_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o treaty_n with_o antiochus_n adjudge_v it_o equitable_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n through_o who_o default_n it_o be_v that_o the_o war_n begin_v so_o justine_n impensas_fw-la belli_n lege_fw-la justa_n suscepturus_fw-la qui_fw-la belli_n author_n est_fw-la he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n aught_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o thucydides_n where_o the_o samian_o be_v condemn_v to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n now_o whatsoever_o be_v just_o impose_v on_o the_o vanquish_a may_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v exact_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n iv_o for_o humanity_n sake_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o exact_v our_o utmost_a due_n moreover_o this_o also_o must_v be_v remember_v which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o those_o of_o justice_n that_o man_n have_v but_o little_a of_o mercy_n in_o he_o who_o be_v opulent_a use_v the_o extreme_a rigour_n of_o the_o law_n to_o enforce_v from_o his_o poor_a creditor_n the_o utmost_a farthing_n of_o what_o the_o law_n permit_v especial_o if_o that_o debt_n be_v contract_v by_o his_o kindness_n to_o his_o friend_n only_o in_o be_v surety_n for_o he_o very_o lamentable_a be_v the_o condition_n of_o such_o a_o surety_n say_v quintilian_n the_o father_n but_o yet_o such_o a_o creditor_n do_v nothing_o herein_o but_o what_o he_o
captivis_fw-la who_o be_v first_o take_v by_o robber_n do_v afterward_o escape_v unto_o the_o enemy_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o be_v take_v away_o 122._o aegid_a regius_n de_fw-fr act._n supern_n do_v 31._o dub_v 7._o n._n 122._o neither_o be_v his_o have_v be_v among_o enemy_n nor_o that_o he_o do_v return_v back_o by_o postliminy_n any_o impediment_n unto_o he_o as_o to_o that_o thing_n the_o very_a same_o answer_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v serve_v concern_v he_o who_o be_v take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n and_o afterward_o either_o in_o a_o just_a war_n or_o by_o some_o other_o mean_n come_v under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o for_o as_o to_o that_o which_o we_o here_o call_v internal_a right_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o unjust_a war_n 10._o can._n 10._o and_o piracy_n or_o robbery_n and_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n do_v gregorius_n neocaesariensis_n frame_v his_o answer_n be_v consult_v with_o concern_v the_o good_n of_o some_o of_o his_o citizen_n which_o after_o they_o have_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o barbarian_n be_v receive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o pontus_n ii_o example_n wherefore_o thing_n so_o take_v aught_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o first_o owner_n as_o be_v unjust_o take_v away_o which_o we_o see_v frequent_o do_v livy_n have_v declare_v how_o the_o volsci_n and_o aequi_n have_v be_v conquer_v by_o lucius_n lucretius_n tricipitinus_n say_v 3._o lib._n 3._o that_o the_o spoil_n be_v bring_v and_o expose_v to_o public_a view_n in_o the_o field_n of_o mars_n that_o every_o man_n may_v within_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n find_v out_o his_o own_o and_o take_v it_o away_o 10._o lib._n 10._o the_o same_o livy_n in_o another_o place_n have_v relate_v the_o victory_n get_v over_o the_o volsci_n by_o the_o dictator_n posthumius_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o he_o restore_v a_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n to_o such_o as_o know_v their_o own_o of_o another_o part_n whereof_o he_o make_v portsale_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o two_o day_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o man_n to_o come_v in_o and_o to_o lay_v claim_n to_o his_o own_o good_n and_o in_o another_o place_n have_v recite_v the_o joyful_a victory_n which_o the_o samnite_n get_v over_o the_o campane_n wherein_o there_o be_v take_v seven_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o of_o they_o prisoner_n and_o a_o very_a great_a booty_n from_o their_o associate_n he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v summon_v by_o proclamation_n to_o come_v in_o by_o a_o certain_a day_n to_o find_v out_o and_o receive_v back_o their_o own_o good_n the_o like_a fact_n he_o record_v of_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o samnite_n endeavour_v to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o interamna_n a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o not_o able_a to_o keep_v it_o have_v plunder_v the_o city_n and_o depopulate_v the_o country_n and_o drive_v away_o before_o they_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o man_n cattle_n and_o other_o thing_n fall_v unexpected_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_a consul_n in_o his_o return_n from_o luceria_n who_o recover_v the_o spoil_n and_o pursue_v the_o samnite_n with_o great_a slaughter_n at_o last_o expose_v all_o he_o have_v get_v to_o open_a view_n send_v out_o his_o edict_n that_o every_o man_n may_v come_v in_o and_o receive_v his_o own_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o prey_n take_v by_o cornelius_n scipio_n at_o ilippa_n a_o city_n in_o portugal_n say_v all_o which_o be_v expose_v to_o view_v before_o the_o city_n every_o man_n have_v leave_v grant_v to_o search_v out_o and_o take_v away_o what_o be_v his_o own_o the_o rest_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o quaestor_n to_o make_v sale_n of_o which_o be_v present_o do_v and_o the_o money_n divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n so_o again_o after_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o titus_n gracchus_n at_o beneventum_n 24._o lib._n 24._o the_o whole_a prey_n except_o the_o prisoner_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n but_o the_o cattle_n be_v preserve_v which_o the_o right_a owner_n have_v liberty_n give_v they_o within_o thirty_o day_n to_o find_v out_o and_o to_o recover_v the_o like_a do_v polybius_n record_v of_o l._n aemilius_n who_o have_v conquer_v the_o gaul_n 2._o hist_o l._n 2._o restore_v all_o the_o spoil_n to_o they_o from_o who_o it_o have_v be_v take_v the_o very_a same_o do_v plutarch_n puni_fw-la plut._n apotheg_n appian_n puni_fw-la appian_n and_o diodorus_n testify_v of_o scipio_n the_o african_a who_o have_v take_v carthage_n â—â—funded_v their_o many_o rich_a present_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v take_v from_o the_o city_n of_o sicily_n and_o elsewhere_o and_o bring_v thither_o with_o who_o agree_v valerius_n â—â—aximus_fw-la concern_v the_o same_o scipio_n 6._o lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o n_o 6._o who_o humanity_n say_v he_o be_v such_o that_o have_v take_v ca_n thage_n he_o send_v letter_n to_o all_o the_o city_n of_o sicily_n ver._n orat._n ver._n that_o they_o may_v by_o their_o ambassador_n receive_v back_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o their_o several_a church_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v take_v from_o they_o which_o he_o desire_v they_o to_o take_v care_n of_o and_o to_o set_v they_o up_o in_o their_o former_a station_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v cicero_n give_v of_o he_o the_o carthaginian_n say_v he_o do_v former_o possess_v themselves_o of_o himera_n one_o of_o the_o beautiful_a and_o best_a adorn_v town_n in_o sicily_n scipio_n esteem_v it_o a_o act_n worthy_a of_o the_o roman_a people_n take_v care_n that_o the_o war_n be_v end_v and_o carthage_n take_v all_o the_o ancient_a ornament_n take_v at_o any_o time_n from_o the_o sicilian_n shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o they_o 37._o lib._n 37._o thus_o do_v the_o rhodian_o restore_v four_o ship_n to_o the_o athenian_n which_o they_o have_v recover_v from_o the_o macedonian_n who_o have_v former_o unjust_o take_v they_o from_o the_o athenian_n so_o likewise_o peneas_n the_o aetolian_a 31._o lib._n 31._o as_o livy_n record_v it_o think_v it_o sit_v that_o all_o that_o before_o the_o war_n begin_v have_v be_v the_o aetolian_n shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o they_o which_o titus_n quintius_n do_v not_o deny_v 33._o lib._n 33._o have_v the_o demand_n be_v only_o of_o city_n take_v in_o war_n and_o have_v not_o the_o aetolian_n first_o break_v the_o law_n of_o friendship_n nay_o even_o those_o good_n that_o be_v at_o first_o consecrate_v to_o the_o temple_n at_o ephesus_n 13._o strab._n l._n 13._o which_o afterward_o their_o king_n make_v their_o own_o the_o roman_n cause_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n iii_o whether_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v deduct_v but_o what_o if_o such_o good_n so_o take_v shall_v come_v unto_o we_o by_o way_n of_o commerce_n may_v we_o not_o charge_v he_o from_o who_o they_o be_v take_v with_o so_o much_o as_o they_o cost_v we_o we_o may_v as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 9_o say_v lib._n 2._o c._n 10._o §_o 9_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o thing_n so_o desperate_o lose_v will_v probable_o have_v cost_v he_o from_o who_o they_o be_v take_v and_o if_o the_o charge_n may_v be_v require_v of_o he_o why_o may_v not_o our_o labour_n and_o peril_n also_o be_v value_v as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v recover_v some_o precious_a jewel_n of_o another_o man_n out_o of_o the_o sea_n by_o dive_v unto_o the_o bottom_n very_o pertinent_a unto_o this_o be_v the_o story_n of_o abraham_n return_n from_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o five_o king_n reduxit_fw-la omnes_fw-la illas_fw-la res_fw-la he_o bring_v back_o all_o those_o thing_n 24._o gen._n 13.16_o verse_n 20_o 21_o 22_o 23_o 24._o say_v moses_n i_o e._n which_o the_o king_n have_v take_v away_o neither_o can_v we_o refer_v that_o offer_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sodom_n make_v unto_o abraham_n of_o restore_v the_o man_n and_o detain_v the_o good_n to_o himself_o to_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o this_o that_o those_o good_n shall_v be_v the_o reward_n of_o his_o pain_n and_o peril_n but_o that_o abraham_n refuse_v to_o take_v any_o thing_n to_o himself_o of_o the_o prey_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o he_o no_o less_o piety_n than_o magnanimity_n which_o be_v very_o well_o observe_v by_o jacchiade_n on_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o daniel_n nevertheless_o of_o the_o thing_n so_o recover_v 5.17_o dan._n 5.17_o he_o give_v the_o ten_o to_o god_n as_o be_v due_a to_o himself_o by_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o necessary_a charge_n and_o some_o portion_n thereof_o he_o be_v willing_a shall_v be_v give_v to_o his_o companion_n st_n ambrose_n speak_v of_o this_o generous_a fact_n of_o abraham_n say_v the_o reward_n which_o he_o refuse_v from_o man_n he_o receive_v from_o god_n and_o sulpitius_n speak_v
we_o make_v not_o the_o act_n void_a thus_o the_o old_a pimp_n in_o terence_n leno_fw-la sum_fw-la fateor_fw-la pernity_n communis_fw-la adolescentûm_fw-la perjurus_fw-la pestis_fw-la tamen_fw-la tibi_fw-la à _fw-la i_o nulla_fw-la est_fw-la orta_fw-la injuria_fw-la a_o bawd_n i_o be_o youth_n be_v common_a pest_n it_o be_v know_v perjure_a yet_o wrong_v by_o i_o thou_o have_v have_v none_o it_o be_v no_o ill_a plea_n then_o that_o nabis_n in_o livy_n make_v when_o his_o tyranny_n be_v object_v against_o he_o by_o quintius_n flaminius_n concern_v the_o name_n tyrant_n i_o answer_v that_o whatsoever_o i_o be_o i_o be_o the_o very_a same_o i_o be_v when_o thou_o o_o titus_n quintius_n enterd_v in_o league_n with_o i_o and_o by_o and_o by_o these_o thing_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v i_o do_v when_o you_o contract_v friendship_n with_o i_o whereunto_o he_o present_o add_v si_fw-la quid_fw-la ego_fw-la mut_n âssem_fw-la mihi_fw-la inconstantiae_fw-la meae_fw-la cum_fw-la vos_fw-la mutetis_fw-la vobis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la ratio_fw-la reddenda_fw-la est_fw-la if_o i_o have_v change_v i_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v the_o reason_n of_o my_o inconstancy_n but_o see_v it_o be_v you_o that_o change_n you_o ought_v to_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o you_o not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o this_o be_v the_o answer_n that_o pericles_n in_o thucydides_n give_v unto_o his_o subject_n our_o confederate_n we_o shall_v permit_v to_o enjoy_v their_o own_o freedom_n and_o to_o live_v by_o their_o own_o law_n if_o they_o do_v so_o when_o they_o first_o enter_v into_o league_n with_o we_o iv_o fear_v not_o to_o be_v object_v if_o the_o promiser_n be_v not_o himself_o affright_v another_o objection_n may_v be_v make_v which_o i_o have_v heretofore_o hint_v 7._o hint_v lib._n 2._o c._n 11._o §_o 7._o namely_o that_o he_o that_o by_o fear_n have_v extort_a a_o promise_n aught_o in_o justice_n to_o release_v the_o promiser_n as_o have_v by_o his_o injustice_n damnify_v he_o that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o act_n as_o be_v repugnant_a both_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a liberty_n and_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n itself_o for_o all_o promise_n that_o bound_v aught_o to_o be_v free_a this_o though_o in_o some_o case_n true_a yet_o be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v to_o thief_n for_o that_o the_o promise_v be_v bind_v to_o free_v the_o promiser_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v shall_v have_v extort_a the_o promise_n by_o a_o unjust_a fear_n but_o in_o case_n a_o man_n shall_v come_v and_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o ransom_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o thereby_o deliver_v he_o out_o of_o bondage_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o because_o there_o be_v no_o impression_n of_o fear_n upon_o this_o man_n who_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o his_o friend_n come_v voluntary_o to_o make_v this_o contract_n v._o what_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v bind_v by_o oath_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o he_o that_o be_v compel_v even_o by_o a_o unjust_a fear_n to_o make_v a_o promise_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v it_o if_o he_o confirm_v that_o promise_n with_o a_o oath_n for_o thereby_o as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o he_o stand_v bind_v not_o unto_o man_n only_o but_o unto_o god_n against_o who_o no_o exception_n can_v be_v admit_v but_o true_a it_o be_v notwithstanding_o that_o by_o such_o a_o sole_a promise_n though_o confirm_v by_o oath_n the_o heir_n of_o the_o promiser_n stand_v not_o oblige_v for_o those_o thing_n only_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n which_o by_o the_o original_a right_n of_o dominion_n may_v pass_v from_o man_n to_o man_n in_o ordinary_a traffic_n but_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o god_n can_v as_o such_o be_v include_v among_o these_o moreover_o here_o we_o must_v again_o repeat_v what_o we_o before_o deliver_v 10._o lib._n 3._o c._n 4._o §._o 10._o that_o if_o a_o man_n do_v haply_o break_v his_o faith_n with_o a_o thief_n whether_o swear_v or_o unsworn_a he_o shall_v thereby_o incur_v no_o punishment_n among_o other_o nation_n for_o general_o all_o nation_n in_o detestation_n of_o these_o man_n who_o they_o account_v as_o common_a enemy_n to_o humane_a society_n be_v please_v to_o connive_v at_o whatsoever_o be_v though_o unjust_o do_v against_o they_o vi_o this_o apply_v to_o subject_n that_o make_v war._n but_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v concern_v the_o war_n that_o subject_n make_v against_o their_o king_n or_o against_o such_o as_o have_v the_o supreme_a authority_n though_o they_o may_v haply_o have_v a_o cause_n not_o in_o itself_o altogether_o unjust_a yet_o that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o right_a to_o act_v by_o force_n against_o their_o prince_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 4._o show_v lib._n 1._o c._n 4._o but_o yet_o it_o sometime_o so_o happen_v that_o either_o their_o cause_n be_v so_o notorious_o unjust_a or_o their_o obstinacy_n in_o resist_v so_o great_a that_o it_o may_v be_v severe_o punish_v but_o yet_o if_o they_o be_v treat_v with_o as_o rebel_n or_o traitor_n and_o therein_o any_o promise_n make_v unto_o they_o the_o punishment_n though_o just_o due_a for_o their_o treason_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o that_o promise_n for_o such_o be_v the_o piety_n of_o the_o ancient_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o break_v their_o faith_n no_o not_o with_o their_o very_a slave_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n 7._o aelian_a 6_o 7._o who_o be_v general_o believe_v to_o have_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o put_v their_o tenarensian_a prisoner_n to_o death_n contrary_a to_o their_o covenant_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o diodorus_n 11._o lib._n 11._o that_o the_o faith_n give_v to_o slave_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o palici_n be_v never_o break_v by_o any_o of_o their_o lord_n neither_o will_v any_o exception_n of_o fear_n be_v allow_v of_o in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o faith_n give_v be_v by_o oath_n confirm_v as_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o m._n pomponius_n the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n 37._o sen._n the_o benef_n l._n 3._o c._n 37._o who_o be_v bind_v by_o oath_n punctual_o perform_v what_o he_o have_v though_o compel_v by_o fear_n promise_v to_o l._n manlius_n vii_o of_o promise_n make_v by_o sovereign_a prince_n unto_o their_o subject_n but_o a_o great_a difficulty_n than_o any_o before_o mention_v may_v arise_v from_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o from_o that_o supereminent_a right_n of_o dominion_n which_o every_o city_n have_v over_o the_o thing_n of_o their_o citizen_n and_o which_o be_v exercise_v in_o its_o name_n by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n therein_o which_o supereminent_a right_n if_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o all_o that_o be_v the_o subject_n why_o shall_v it_o not_o likewise_o unto_o that_o right_n which_o arise_v from_o any_o promise_n make_v in_o war_n which_o be_v grant_v than_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o all_o such_o promise_n and_o agreement_n may_v be_v null_v and_o so_o all_o hope_n of_o conclude_v a_o war_n unless_o by_o victory_n will_v be_v lose_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a we_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o superlative_a right_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n promiscuous_o at_o all_o time_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v common_o expedient_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o public_a safety_n in_o a_o government_n not_o tyrannical_a but_o civil_a yea_o even_o regal_a but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v common_o expedient_a that_o all_o such_o promise_n and_o agreement_n shall_v be_v fulfil_v very_o apposite_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o write_v concern_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o present_a government_n add_v thereunto_o that_o where_o the_o public_a safety_n require_v that_o this_o sovereign_n right_o shall_v be_v make_v use_n of_o satisfaction_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o public_a to_o such_o particular_a person_n as_o shall_v be_v thereby_o damnify_v as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o more_o full_o explain_v viii_o that_o such_o promise_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o city_n moreover_o agreement_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o oath_n and_o that_o not_o by_o the_o king_n or_o senate_n alone_o but_o by_o the_o whole_a body_n politic_a as_o lycurgus_n bind_v the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o solon_n the_o athenian_n by_o oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n they_o have_v give_v they_o and_o lest_o the_o change_n of_o citizen_n shall_v in_o time_n relax_v the_o bind_a power_n of_o this_o oath_n and_o so_o at_o length_n it_o be_v forget_v or_o leave_v arbitrary_a this_o oath_n may_v be_v every_o year_n renew_v which_o if_o do_v the_o citizen_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n recede_v from_o their_o engagement_n no_o though_o it_o be_v for_o their_o public_a profit_n for_o a_o city_n have_v
all_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o sword_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o determine_v 34._o livy_n lib._n 34._o according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o ancient_a right_n which_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o menippus_n in_o his_o oration_n wherein_o he_o discourse_v of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o league_n or_o otherwise_o as_o the_o greek_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o every_o man_n shall_v keep_v what_o he_o have_v xii_o in_o dubious_a case_n it_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v that_o thing_n shall_v remain_v as_o they_o be_v of_o which_o two_o way_n of_o pacification_n the_o latter_a if_o the_o case_n be_v doubtful_a be_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v believe_v because_o as_o it_o be_v more_o facile_a so_o it_o require_v no_o alteration_n upon_o which_o that_o of_o triphoninus_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v where_o he_o say_v that_o in_o peace_n such_o captive_n only_o be_v to_o return_v by_o postliminy_n as_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o article_n of_o agreement_n as_o also_o where_o he_o say_v that_o fugitive_n be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v unless_o it_o be_v so_o express_o agree_v on_o as_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o irrefragable_a argument_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n we_o may_v receive_v such_o 9_o see_v ch_n 9_o and_o muster_v they_o among_o our_o own_o troop_n all_o other_o thing_n by_o such_o a_o agreement_n remain_v his_o that_o at_o present_a hold_v they_o where_o the_o word_n hold_v be_v mean_v of_o a_o natural_a not_o of_o a_o civil_a possession_n for_o in_o war_n a_o possession_n in_o fact_n only_o be_v sufficient_a neither_o be_v any_o other_o require_v field_n as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v be_v then_o soppose_v to_o be_v possess_v when_o they_o be_v strong_o secure_v by_o fortification_n for_o such_o as_o be_v for_o a_o while_n only_o encamp_v upon_o as_o in_o leaguer_n or_o sieges_n be_v not_o here_o to_o be_v regard_v 4._o lib._n 3._o c._n 6._o §._o 4._o demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o ctesiphon_n say_v that_o philip_n make_v haste_n to_o get_v into_o his_o possession_n what_o place_n he_o possible_o can_v as_o know_v that_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v 4._o lib._n 3._o c._n 7._o §._o 4._o whatsoever_o he_o can_v get_v he_o shall_v keep_v but_o thing_n incorporeal_a can_v be_v keep_v unless_o either_o by_o the_o thing_n whereunto_o they_o adhere_v as_o the_o service_n of_o tenant_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o manor_n or_o by_o detain_v the_o person_n who_o they_o be_v that_o whilst_o in_o a_o country_n that_o be_v their_o enemy_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v exercise_v xiii_o of_o the_o restore_n all_o thing_n as_o before_o the_o war._n in_o that_o other_o kind_n of_o pacification_n whereby_o the_o possession_n of_o thing_n not_o yet_o determine_v by_o war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o restitution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v the_o possession_n thereof_o last_o before_o the_o war_n begin_v yet_o so_o that_o those_o private_a man_n that_o be_v cast_v out_o may_v lawful_o appeal_v to_o the_o judge_n for_o either_o injunction_n or_o vindication_n fourteen_o this_o reach_v not_o unto_o such_o as_o have_v voluntary_o yield_v themselves_o but_o if_o any_o free_a people_n do_v voluntary_o subject_v themselves_o to_o either_o party_n that_o be_v in_o arm_n this_o article_n of_o restitution_n shall_v not_o extend_v unto_o they_o because_o it_o be_v intend_v only_o to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v either_o by_o force_n fear_v or_o otherwise_o by_o such_o kind_n of_o fraud_n as_o be_v not_o lawful_o use_v but_o against_o enemy_n thus_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v among_o the_o grecian_n the_o theban_n detain_v plataea_n allege_v that_o they_o be_v possess_v thereof_o neither_o by_o force_n nor_o treachery_n 3._o thucyd._n l._n 3._o but_o by_o the_o voluntary_a surrender_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o author_n urge_v that_o plataea_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v because_o it_o submit_v itself_o to_o the_o theban_n of_o its_o own_o accord_n 5._o thucyd._n l._n 5._o by_o the_o same_o law_n nisaea_n be_v detain_v by_o the_o athenian_n and_o the_o same_o distinction_n be_v use_v by_o titus_n quintius_n against_o the_o aetolian_n who_o urge_v that_o the_o city_n of_o thessaly_n may_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o city_n take_v by_o force_n 33._o livy_n lib._n 33._o that_o indeed_o be_v the_o law_n but_o the_o city_n of_o thessaly_n do_v free_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n xv._o damage_n by_o war_n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v remit_v if_o nothing_o else_o be_v agree_v on_o yet_o this_o in_o every_o peace_n ought_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o no_o action_n shall_v be_v commence_v for_o damage_n do_v in_o war_n which_o be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o damage_n as_o be_v receive_v by_o private_a person_n for_o these_o also_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o war._n for_o where_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n be_v doubtful_a neither_o party_n will_v be_v willing_a so_o to_o agree_v as_o to_o condemn_v themselves_o of_o injustice_n xvi_o but_o not_o those_o do_v by_o private_a person_n before_o the_o war_n begin_v yet_o must_v not_o those_o debt_n which_o be_v due_a to_o private_a man_n when_o the_o war_n begin_v be_v account_v as_o pardon_v for_o these_o be_v not_o contract_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n but_o forbid_v to_o be_v exact_v during_o the_o war_n and_o therefore_o the_o war_n which_o only_o hinder_v the_o exact_v of_o they_o be_v end_v the_o debt_n remain_v in_o force_n as_o before_o for_o although_o it_o ought_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o that_o which_o be_v a_o man_n right_n before_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o for_o for_o this_o cause_n chief_o as_o cicero_n observe_v 3._o de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 3._o be_v commonwealth_n and_o city_n at_o first_o institute_v that_o every_o particular_a man_n may_v be_v defend_v in_o what_o be_v his_o right_n yet_o ought_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o that_o right_n only_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o inequality_n of_o thing_n xvii_o punishment_n if_o in_o doubt_n though_o public_o due_a before_o the_o war_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v remit_v but_o as_o to_o punishment_n it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o this_o right_n of_o exact_v punishment_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v those_o very_a people_n or_o king_n that_o have_v contract_v peace_n be_v therefore_o presume_v to_o be_v remit_v lest_o if_o any_o old_a grudge_n shall_v remain_v unforgve_v there_o can_v be_v no_o firm_a or_o last_a peace_n wherefore_o even_o those_o injury_n which_o be_v as_o yet_o unknown_a to_o the_o party_n injure_v be_v usual_o comprehend_v in_o general_a word_n as_o that_o fact_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o drown_v some_o roman_a merchant_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o roman_n before_o it_o be_v make_v know_v unto_o they_o as_o appian_n tell_v we_o optimae_fw-la conciliationes_fw-la quae_fw-la iram_fw-la &_o offensarum_fw-la memoriam_fw-la delent_fw-la those_o be_v the_o best_a reconcilement_n that_o pacify_v all_o anger_n hal._n diony_n hal._n and_o leave_v nothing_o in_o the_o memory_n unremit_v for_o as_o isocrates_n very_o discreet_o in_o pace_n non_fw-la decet_fw-la ante_fw-la peccata_fw-la exequi_fw-la after_o peace_n be_v ratify_v to_o revenge_v former_a injury_n be_v unseemly_a xviii_o not_o so_o as_o to_o punishment_n due_a to_o private_a man_n but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o this_o right_n of_o exact_v punishment_n shall_v also_o be_v remit_v by_o private_a man_n because_o these_o may_v without_o war_n be_v judicial_o require_v yet_o forasmuch_o as_o this_o right_n be_v not_o so_o proper_o we_o as_o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o inequality_n and_o that_o the_o very_o exact_v of_o punishment_n argue_v somewhat_o of_o hatred_n therefore_o any_o flight_n interpretation_n of_o word_n will_v suffice_v to_o ground_v our_o conjecture_n that_o this_o also_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v remit_v xix_o that_o right_o which_o though_o public_o claim_v before_o the_o war_n but_o controvert_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v remit_v now_o whereas_o we_o say_v that_o the_o right_n which_o we_o have_v before_o the_o war_n ought_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v remit_v this_o hold_v very_o true_a as_o to_o that_o right_n which_o belong_v to_o private_a man_n but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o king_n and_o nation_n it_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o grant_v if_o the_o word_n will_v but_o afford_v we_o whereupon_o to_o raise_v any_o probable_a conjecture_n to_o that_o purpose_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o clear_a but_o a_o controvert_v right_o that_o be_v in_o debate_n for_o to_o believe_v that_o to_o be_v do_v whereby_o all_o occasion_n of_o a_o new_a war_n may_v be_v prevent_v be_v generous_a
236._o under_o alexander_n deny_v to_o carry_v material_n to_o the_o temple_n of_o belus_n 428._o in_o what_o case_n not_o to_o associate_v with_o wicked_a king_n page_n 185_o ignorance_n excuse_n when_o page_n 237_o ignorant_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o a_o just_a war_n page_n 500_o ignorant_o and_o through_o ignorance_n distinguish_v ibid._n island_n and_o increment_n by_o inundation_n who_o 136._o float_a 137._o how_o distinguish_v from_o increment_n ibid._n image_n abhor_v by_o the_o persian_a magi_n 466._o to_o deface_v to_o he_o that_o believe_v to_o include_v a_o deity_n impiety_n ibid._n imperare_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 50_o impiety_n and_o open_a profaneness_n towards_o any_o that_o be_v acknowledge_v as_o god_n punishable_a page_n 392_o imprisonment_n unjust_a to_o what_o it_o oblige_v page_n 201_o importation_n of_o some_o good_n prohibit_v page_n 86_o of_o inequality_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v no_o cognizance_n if_o consent_v unto_o page_n 165_o incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 107._o two_o reason_n give_v against_o such_o page_n 109_o a_o increment_n what_o be_v thereby_o mean_v 138._o whether_o stop_v by_o a_o highway_n 139._o it_o be_v his_o who_o be_v the_o river_n be_v oâ—_n his_o who_o be_v the_o ground_n be_v that_o bind_v it_o 138._o it_o be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v grant_v if_o the_o land_n be_v arcifinious_a ibid._n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v the_o people_n ibid._n whether_o it_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o prince_n vassal_n ibid._n indian_n many_o wife_n 106._o no_n tribunal_n but_o for_o murder_n and_o injury_n do_v page_n 211_o induciae_fw-la whence_o page_n 558_o infant_n capable_a of_o dominion_n 89._o but_o not_o to_o dispose_v thereof_o without_o a_o guardian_n ibid._n so_o be_v he_o to_o inherit_v but_o not_o to_o dispose_v of_o it_o page_n 103_o infeudation_n 119._o make_v by_o king_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n void_a with_o consent_n how_o gain_v ibid._n ingratitude_n of_o the_o roman_n punish_v by_o m._n levinus_n with_o disfranchizement_n page_n 39_o to_o inhabit_v any_o country_n free_a for_o exile_n page_v 85_o injury_n fault_n mischance_n distinguish_v 500_o on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n just_a on_o the_o other_o 70._o what_o oblige_v to_o restitution_n what_o not_o page_n 531_o injure_v other_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o benefit_v ourselves_o page_n 82_o injury_n do_v we_o by_o our_o country_n prince_z parent_n to_o be_v patient_o bear_v page_n 58_o injury_n intend_v only_o sometime_o punish_v page_n 383_o innocent_n to_o be_v defend_v page_n 425_o 426_o the_o innocent_a not_o to_o be_v destroy_v with_o the_o nocent_a page_n 504_o the_o innocent_a falsehood_n of_o joseph_n to_o his_o brethren_n page_n 443_o instrument_n of_o the_o plough_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o pawn_n page_n 514_o to_o insult_n over_o the_o vanquish_a ignoble_a page_n 506_o 507_o intent_n sometime_o equal_o punish_v with_o the_o fact_n 381._o though_o ill_o oblige_v not_o to_o restitution_n page_n 383_o invader_n command_v how_o far_o oblige_v 62._o in_o what_o case_n he_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o a_o private_a man_n page_n 65_o for_o the_o interpretation_n of_o promise_n and_o contract_v some_o rule_n page_n 193_o what_o interpretation_n give_v to_o contract_n between_o enemy_n 558._o if_o odious_a in_o their_o full_a propriety_n if_o ambiguous_a in_o the_o large_a sense_n page_n 193_o interpretation_n of_o league_n 190_o sometime_o gather_v from_o the_o context_n 191_o 192._o if_o in_o doubt_n ought_v to_o favour_v the_o weak_a page_n 548_o intestates_fw-la estate_n to_o who_o natural_o it_o descend_v page_n 122_o invasion_n make_v by_o confederate_n or_o their_o subject_n whether_o it_o break_v the_o peace_n 548._o by_o subject_n when_o attribute_v to_o the_o prince_n ibid._n by_o inundation_n the_o owner_n may_v lose_v his_o right_a page_n 137_o inundation_n and_o increment_n thereby_o gain_v page_n 136_o 137_o josephus_n in_o expound_v the_o hebrew_n law_n flatter_v the_o roman_n page_n 466_o to_o judge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o war_n between_o prince_n dangerous_a page_n 457_o the_o judge_n office_n in_o criminal_a cause_n dangerous_a page_n 373_o a_o judge_n shall_v be_v tender_o affect_v as_o a_o father_n 416_o 417._o may_v be_v punish_v his_o sentence_n be_v unjust_a but_o not_o the_o executioner_n 429._o say_v to_o be_v just_a though_o the_o sentence_n be_v unjust_a page_n 55_o in_o judgement_n the_o matter_n not_o the_o person_n to_o be_v consider_v page_n 3_o 4_o to_o judge_n of_o a_o man_n meaning_n by_o his_o speech_n how_o due_a page_n 441_o judgement_n of_o zeal_n what_o page_n 445_o judgement_n contemplative_a and_o practical_a page_n 429_o judge_v of_o the_o supreme_a power_n caâ—tions_n page_n 41_o the_o judgement_n how_o steer_v in_o doubtful_a case_n page_n 411_o against_o judgement_n though_o erroneous_a nothing_o to_o be_v do_v ibid._n judgement_n capital_a why_o by_o christ_n permit_v 372_o 373._o christian_n may_v execute_v they_o but_o not_o affect_o ibid._n jus_n and_o justice_n how_o distinguish_v page_n 494_o just_a in_o war_n what_o page_n 2_o just_a take_v strict_o what_o page_n 414_o justice_n derive_v from_o jove_n pref._n vi_o justice_n and_o valour_n usual_o attend_v by_o victory_n twelve_o justice_n expletive_a and_o attributive_a page_n 4_o just_a cause_n procure_v friend_n twelve_o just_a cause_n add_v courage_n to_o soldier_n ibid._n justice_n commutative_a or_o expletive_a page_n 3_o justice_n how_o describe_v by_o porphyry_n v._o prefer_v to_o fortitude_n x._o it_o beget_v courage_n 430._o it_o so_o give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o own_o that_o it_o detract_v not_o from_o the_o just_a right_n of_o another_o 198._o it_o shall_v extend_v itself_o to_o all_o mankind_n x_o where_o justice_n be_v not_o require_v the_o long_a sword_n take_v all_o page_n 435_o k._n keturah_n son_n by_o abraham_n receive_v gift_n or_o portion_n but_o no_o inheritance_n page_n 125_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o war_n be_v guiltless_a page_n 357_o to_o kill_v a_o man_n for_o slight_a injury_n be_v againast_n charity_n 73._o in_o defence_n of_o our_o good_n natural_o not_o unlawful_a page_n 74_o to_o kill_v a_o private_a man_n be_v murder_n but_o thousand_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n valour_n and_o virtue_n page_n 70_o to_o kill_v a_o nocturnal_a thief_n whether_o tolerate_v only_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o approve_v 75_o 76._o a_o incorrigible_a malefactor_n not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 368_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n after_o battle_n against_o charity_n page_n 506_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n private_o in_o his_o own_o quarter_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 462_o to_o be_v kill_v none_o for_o his_o valour_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n if_o good_a page_n 568_o to_o kill_v all_o that_o have_v offend_v brutish_a page_n 501_o who_o may_v be_v just_o kill_v in_o a_o just_a war_n according_a to_o justice_n internal_a page_n 498_o king_n grant_n when_o revocable_a and_o when_o not_o 180._o their_o contract_n do_v not_o always_o bound_v their_o successor_n page_n 178_o 179_o king_n how_o they_o serve_v god_n as_o king_n page_n 17_o 18_o king_n whether_o bind_v by_o prescription_n see_v prescription_n king_n that_o make_v law_n not_o subject_a to_o law_n 377._o not_o all_o constitute_v by_o the_o people_n 40._o not_o bind_v by_o their_o own_o law_n direct_o 101._o in_o name_n some_o not_o in_o power_n 39_o whether_o he_o may_v renounce_v his_o kingdom_n so_o as_o his_o son_n shall_v not_o inherit_v page_n 131_o king_n raise_v by_o providence_n fit_a for_o the_o time_n and_o people_n 41._o they_o have_v no_o superior_a but_o god_n 40._o their_o vice_n must_v be_v bear_v with_o patience_n ibid._n to_o revile_v they_o be_v wicked_a but_o to_o kill_v they_o though_o wicked_a horrid_a page_n 39_o a_o king_n person_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o case_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n page_n 66_o king_n regard_v honour_n more_o than_o power_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o abate_v of_o their_o right_n 54._o their_o private_a act_n subject_a to_o the_o law_n page_n 177_o against_o king_n the_o law_n that_o make_v void_a any_o private_a man_n act_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n be_v void_a ibid._n king_n promise_n contract_n and_o oath_n page_v 176_o a_o king_n word_n as_o firm_a as_o a_o oath_n page_n 175_o a_o king_n may_v null_a his_o own_o oath_n as_o private_a man_n antecedenter_v not_o consequenter_fw-la 177._o whether_o he_o may_v revoke_v his_o own_o act_n which_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n page_n 176_o king_n defend_v by_o severe_a law_n page_n 61_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n how_o the_o heir_n may_v be_v bind_v page_n 178_o how_o a_o king_n may_v be_v bind_v to_o his_o subject_n natural_o and_o how_o civil_o page_v 177_o king_n bind_v by_o their_o own_o law_n as_o a_o member_n not_o as_o the_o body_n
whether_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n justifiable_a page_n 437_o 438_o protectorship_n in_o the_o minority_n or_o disability_n of_o king_n to_o who_o page_n 44_o protection_n take_v not_o away_o civil_a liberty_n 49._o it_o do_v not_o always_o argue_v subjection_n 50._o due_a to_o the_o oppress_a but_o not_o to_o wilful_a malefactor_n page_n 496_o provocation_n to_o sin_n wbence_n 379._o cause_n of_o restrain_v ibid._n prudenceâ—onversant_a â—onversant_z about_o thing_n indifferent_a call_v the_o tree_n of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n 79._o a_o virtue_n proper_a to_o prince_n justice_n to_o man_n as_o man_n page_v 418_o 419_o 430_o prudential_n rule_n guide_v we_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o thing_n good_a page_n 430_o pupil_n not_o bind_v to_o pay_v debt_n unless_o they_o gain_v by_o what_o they_o borrow_v page_n 147_o public_a good_a prefer_v before_o private_a page_n 56_o public_a remonstrance_n forbid_v the_o importation_n of_o good_n before_o they_o can_v be_v make_v prize_n page_n 436_o 437_o public_a profit_n prefer_v before_o honesty_n confute_v pref._n x_o public_a safety_n consist_v in_o well_o command_v and_o well_o obey_v page_n 57_o public_a thing_n distinguish_v from_o thing_n common_a page_n 89_o punishment_n of_o king_n what_o page_n 41_o punishment_n what_o 362._o the_o cure_n of_o wickedness_n ibid._n proportionable_a to_o the_o crime_n ibid._n sometime_o public_a when_o the_o sin_n be_v secret_a ibid._n how_o say_v to_o be_v due_a page_n 363_o to_o punish_v all_o sin_n equal_o unjust_a page_n 362_o punishment_n to_o what_o end_n ordain_v 363_o 365_o all_o refer_v to_o the_o time_n to_o come_v 364._o not_o as_o sweet_a to_o the_o punisher_n but_o profitable_a to_o the_o punish_v ibid._n god_n punish_v sometime_o to_o show_v his_o power_n and_o mere_o for_o revenge_v ibid._n to_o punish_v the_o incorrigible_a with_o death_n better_a than_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o live_v page_n 366_o to_o punish_v any_o man_n have_v a_o right_a natural_o that_o be_v himself_o innocent_a page_n 367_o by_o punishment_n what_o benefit_n accrue_v page_n 368_o of_o punishment_n exemplary_a ibid._n all_o punishment_n not_o remit_v to_o the_o penitent_a objection_n answer_v first_o from_o god_n mercy_n page_n 372_o punishment_n not_o all_o capital_a 376._o not_o necessary_a when_o the_o end_n may_v be_v attain_v without_o it_o ibid._n may_v be_v remit_v both_o before_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a page_n 376_o 377_o of_o punishment_n some_o may_v be_v remit_v some_o severe_o exact_v some_o may_v be_v either_o page_n 376_o from_o punishment_n some_o cause_n exempt_a offender_n page_n 377_o punishment_n shall_v be_v proportion_v to_o merit_v 378._o do_v not_o always_o argue_v civil_a jurisdiction_n 385._o vary_v according_a to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o offender_n to_o judge_v between_o good_a and_o evil_a page_n 380_o 381_o beast_n proper_o not_o punishable_a page_n 401_o punishment_n by_o bare_a counter-passion_n reject_v page_n 381_o in_o punish_a regard_n to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n punish_v ibid._n no_o acceptation_n of_o person_n ibid._n the_o punishment_n of_o cattle_n steal_v out_o of_o the_o field_n or_o out_o of_o the_o house_n ibid._n punishment_n ought_v to_o be_v mild_a than_o the_o law_n 382._o exemplary_a upon_o such_o only_a as_o be_v incorrigible_a ibid._n of_o punishment_n a_o man_n may_v partake_v by_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n 395._o and_o how_o otherwise_o page_n 393_o punishment_n of_o individual_n be_v death_n of_o city_n desolation_n 399._o communicate_v between_o body_n politic_a and_o its_o member_n how_o far_a ibid._n how_o a_o man_n may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o punishment_n that_o be_v not_o partaker_n of_o the_o crime_n with_o some_o caution_n page_n 400_o for_o what_o the_o major_a part_n decree_n the_o minor_a dissent_v be_v not_o punishable_a page_n 399_o none_n punish_v proper_o for_o the_o sin_n of_o another_o page_n 401_o punishment_n for_o public_a injury_n may_v be_v exact_v at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o offender_n life_n 400._o may_v be_v remit_v or_o mitigate_v for_o some_o precede_a merit_n page_n 417_o punishment_n better_o remit_v than_o exact_v by_o war_n especial_o by_o injure_a king_n page_n 416_o 417_o when_o punishment_n be_v tacit_o remit_v page_n 570_o in_o punishment_n the_o measure_n whence_o collect_v page_n 379_o in_o punishment_n retrospection_n to_o be_v have_v to_o our_o former_a life_n ibid._n punishment_n once_o due_a may_v at_o any_o time_n be_v exact_v page_n 399_o all_o punishment_n if_o great_a have_v somewhat_o of_o justice_n in_o they_o but_o somewhat_o also_o that_o be_v repugnant_a to_o charity_n page_n 376_o the_o purpose_n and_o intention_n only_o sometime_o punish_v page_n 383_o q._n qualification_n natural_a transfer_v no_o right_a page_n 368_o a_o question_n put_v if_o in_o the_o whole_a it_o can_v be_v assent_v unto_o it_o must_v be_v discuss_v in_o part_n page_n 114_o the_o quarrel_n be_v begin_v by_o he_o that_o provoke_v it_o page_n 499_o r._n rabirius_n perfidious_o deal_v with_o by_o marius_n page_n 565_o ransom_n agree_v bind_v though_o the_o prisoner_n be_v of_o better_a quality_n than_o be_v suppose_v page_n 562_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n vary_v page_n 523_o redemption_n of_o captive_n much_o favour_v among_o christian_n 561._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_o forbid_a page_n 562_o ransom_n whether_o chargeable_a upon_o the_o heir_n ibid._n a_o rape_n commit_v in_o the_o field_n and_o in_o the_o city_n the_o difference_n page_n 75_o ravishment_n whether_o in_o war_n lawful_a 463._o the_o most_o civilise_a nation_n restrain_v it_o 464._o against_o it_o no_o law_n extant_a before_o moses_n page_n 110_o reason_n adequate_v what_o it_o operate_v 408._o the_o foundation_n of_o law_n 6._o nature_n best_a guide_n page_n 11_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n direct_v we_o to_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o 192._o none_n so_o ready_o obey_v as_o he_o that_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n not_o always_o the_o same_o with_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n ibid._n when_o the_o self_n same_o reason_n justify_v a_o extend_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n of_o a_o promise_n page_n 196_o 197_o the_o reception_n of_o malefactor_n tolerate_v unless_o they_o be_v such_o as_o disturb_v the_o peace_n page_n 398_o 399_o 550_o 551_o the_o reception_n of_o exile_n fugitive_n and_o such_o as_o come_v to_o inhabit_v no_o breach_n of_o peace_n page_n 550_o 551_o redemption_n of_o captive_n much_o favour_v ibid._n the_o redeem_a how_o far_o bind_v to_o the_o redeemer_n page_n 490_o for_o the_o redemption_n of_o captive_n the_o consecrate_a vessel_n sell_v page_n 561_o reformado_n what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o internal_a justice_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o themselves_o or_o their_o prince_n 535._o what_o christian_a charity_n require_v of_o they_o ibid._n refuge_n city_n of_o what_o use_n page_n 397_o regal_a power_n exercise_v by_o the_o roman_a dictator_n though_o not_o under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n page_n 41_o relief_n send_v to_o a_o town_n close_o besiege_v to_o what_o it_o oblige_v page_n 435_o religion_n man_n chance_n not_o choice_n every_o nation_n think_v his_o own_o best_a 389._o in_o what_o sense_n it_o belong_v unto_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 387._o it_o restrain_v both_o prince_n and_o people_n 386._o how_o necessary_a for_o humane_a society_n ibid._n its_o foundation_n be_v to_o know_v god_n and_o his_o providence_n 388_o 382._o it_o depend_v among_o the_o jew_n upon_o no_o other_o humane_a authority_n than_o upon_o the_o king_n and_o sanhedrim_n 59_o in_o defence_n of_o our_o religion_n and_o liberty_n war_n lawful_a page_n 416_o religion_n free_o leave_v to_o the_o conquer_a no_o prejudice_n to_o the_o conqueror_n page_n 527_o religious_a place_n obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 465._o they_o ought_v to_o be_v spare_v page_n 515_o to_o remit_v punishment_n sometime_o better_a than_o to_o exact_v they_o page_n 376_o renegado_n punishable_a when_o page_n 396_o rent_n not_o to_o be_v abate_v for_o a_o barren_a year_n page_n 162_o renunciation_n of_o a_o kingdom_n whether_o it_o prejudice_v the_o child_n bear_v or_o unborn_a page_n 124_o 125_o 131_o reparation_n for_o damage_n do_v primary_o and_o secondary_o 201._o he_o that_o encourage_v or_o commend_v a_o malefactor_n be_v bind_v ibid._n to_o reparation_n how_o far_o a_o homicide_n be_v bind_v 202._o so_o for_o mutilation_n loss_n of_o liberty_n adultery_n ravishment_n robbery_n defraud_v of_o the_o king_n custom_n ibid._n the_o principal_n and_o accessary_n how_o far_o bind_v to_o repair_v damage_n page_n 201_o to_o reparation_n they_o be_v not_o bind_v that_o omit_v what_o in_o charity_n be_v due_a ibid._n reparation_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o friend_n by_o letter_n of_o marque_n grant_v against_o enemy_n whether_o due_a from_o the_o grantors_n page_n 203_o
representative_a succession_n admit_v by_o the_o hebrew_n 124._o when_o in_o doubt_n to_o be_v allow_v of_o ibid._n but_o late_o admit_v among_o the_o german_n ibid._n reprizal_n what_o 448._o the_o sea-law_n concern_v they_o 435_o 436._o their_o right_o reach_v not_o to_o the_o life_n of_o such_o as_o be_v innocent_a 448._o they_o may_v be_v take_v when_o no_o war_n be_v denounce_v page_n 447_o when_o the_o right_a of_o reprizal_n pass_v to_o they_o that_o take_v they_o page_n 449_o concern_v reprisal_n their_o difference_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o what_o person_n and_o good_n be_v exempt_v page_n 450_o thing_n take_v without_o the_o territory_n of_o either_o party_n whether_o lawful_a prize_n page_n 480_o res_fw-la rapere_fw-la res_fw-la reddere_fw-la what_o page_n 456_o request_v of_o a_o superior_a in_o a_o league_n equivalent_a to_o a_o command_n page_n 51_o to_o require_v thing_n what_o it_o signify_v page_n 453_o require_v what_o be_v before_o war_n be_v denounce_v page_n 452_o resistance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n whether_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n lawful_a 54_o 55._o disallow_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n even_o to_o persecute_v emperor_n 57_o 58._o unlawful_a by_o the_o gospel_n 55._o the_o opinion_n of_o barklay_n concern_v it_o 63._o in_o what_o case_n lawful_a 59_o 60_o justifiable_a by_o inevitable_a necessity_n by_o the_o example_n of_o david_n and_o the_o maccabee_n 60._o natural_o lawful_a civil_o not_o 53._o and_o why_o page_n 54_o obstinate_a resistance_n justify_v not_o the_o kill_n of_o man_n internal_o page_v 508_o resistance_n in_o some_o case_n may_v be_v reserve_v in_o the_o translation_n of_o kingdom_n page_n 60_o to_o restitution_n who_o be_v oblige_v either_o by_o do_v or_o not_o do_v page_n 201_o restitution_n arise_v from_o dominion_n page_n 146_o no_o restitution_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v another_o if_o in_o case_n they_o perish_v if_o in_o case_n we_o use_v they_o think_v they_o our_o own_o 148._o yet_o be_v we_o bind_v restore_v the_o profit_n if_o any_o be_v ibid._n restitution_n must_v be_v make_v of_o the_o thing_n and_o profit_n 147._o necessary_a to_o repentance_n 495._o it_o must_v be_v make_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n 147._o not_o due_a in_o some_o case_n page_n 149_o restitution_n intend_v justify_v not_o rapine_n unless_o in_o a_o case_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n page_n 149_o thing_n buy_v or_o deposit_v may_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o right_a owner_n page_n 149_o restitution_n of_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n 528._o what_o may_v be_v deduct_v 529._o it_o must_v be_v to_o the_o full_a page_n 496_o no_o restitution_n of_o place_n or_o person_n free_o surrender_v unless_o so_o express_v page_n 546_o of_o restore_a thing_n after_o war_n some_o caution_n page_n 547_o no_o restitution_n in_o a_o just_a war_n sometime_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o evil_a intention_n in_o its_o prosecution_n page_n 331_o restitution_n where_o the_o câ—â—se_n of_o war_n be_v doubtful_a how_o to_o be_v moderate_v page_n 530_o restitution_n of_o thing_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n who_o hold_v they_o unjust_o page_v 451_o 452_o to_o restitution_n who_o be_v whole_o and_o who_o in_o part_n bind_v page_n 202_o retaliation_n not_o to_o extend_v beyond_o the_o person_n offend_v 461_o 539._o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 367._o tolerate_v under_o the_o law_n to_o avoid_v great_a mischief_n 371._o not_o to_o be_v exact_v by_o christian_n ibid._n in_o what_o sense_n require_v by_o the_o hebrew_n its_o use_n both_o among_o hebrew_n and_o roman_n ibid._n retreat_z sounding_z to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n be_v homicide_n page_n 534_o return_v to_o the_o enemy_n who_o may_v be_v say_v page_n 531_o revenge_n by_o retaliation_n natural_o lawful_a page_n 366_o 367_o revenge_n whether_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 364._o whether_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n lawful_a 366._o whether_o permit_v to_o christian_n how_o restrain_v 369_o 370_o it_o differ_v not_o from_o injury_n but_o in_o order_n only_o 364._o take_v with_o delight_n unnatural_a 370._o in_o that_o it_o mitigate_v grief_n whence_o it_o proceed_v page_n 364_o to_o revenge_n his_o own_o quarrel_n every_o man_n have_v a_o right_n natural_o 66._o why_o now_o commit_v to_o magistrate_n 370._o not_o to_o go_v beyond_o the_o person_n that_o injure_v we_o page_n 400_o reward_n for_o labour_n how_o increase_v or_o diminish_v 162._o to_o who_o due_a if_o two_o at_o once_o fulfil_v the_o condition_n page_n 196_o the_o reward_n promise_v to_o thamar_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n page_n 154_o a_o reward_n demand_v by_o a_o soldier_n for_o kill_v his_o own_o brother_n in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o enemy_n troop_n page_v 458_o right_a in_o war_n what_o 2._o take_v for_o a_o moral_a qualification_n of_o a_o person_n divide_v ibid._n for_o aptitude_n or_o fitness_n 3._o take_v for_o a_o rule_n or_o law_n 4_o divide_v into_o natural_a and_o voluntary_a ibid._n right_o reason_n a_o rule_n infallible_a ibid._n right_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o have_v some_o effect_n of_o right_a pref._n xv_o right_o of_o government_n distinguish_v from_o the_o ill_a management_n of_o civil_a affair_n page_n 41_o right_o distinguish_v from_o just_a 54._o right_o extreme_a sometime_o extreme_a wrong_a ibid._n what_o right_o of_o king_n it_o be_v that_o samuel_n describe_v page_n 54_o what_o right_o a_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o slave_n 115._o whether_o it_o extend_v to_o death_n 116._o over_o the_o child_n of_o his_o slave_n bear_v in_o his_o house_n ibid._n a_o right_a a_o man_n may_v have_v to_o that_o take_v from_o another_o page_n 122_o right_o acquire_v by_o law_n 121._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n none_o can_v right_v himself_o page_n 122_o right_a of_o a_o father_n over_o his_o child_n distinguish_v into_o natural_a and_o civil_a 104._o of_o a_o husband_n over_o his_o wife_n 104_o 105._o of_o society_n over_o their_o member_n page_n 114_o by_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n many_o thing_n claim_v that_o be_v not_o thereby_o due_a page_n 134_o the_o right_n of_o stranger_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o supereminent_a dominion_n of_o a_o king_n 178._o nor_o of_o a_o subject_a without_o cause_n ibid._n right_o better_a lose_v than_o contend_v for_o sometime_o 416_o 417._o not_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o full_a 434._o when_o say_v to_o be_v deny_v 448._o consider_v direct_o and_o indirect_o page_v 434_o a_o right_o none_o can_v give_v that_o have_v none_o 528._o incorporeal_a gain_v by_o war_n page_n 486_o the_o right_n of_o war_n make_v no_o distinction_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n page_n 459_o the_o right_n of_o the_o sword_n in_o history_n sacred_a and_o profane_a what_o page_n 17_o right_o distinguish_v from_o its_o exercise_n page_n 52_o the_o right_a supereminent_a of_o king_n and_o state_n whether_o it_o can_v free_v they_o from_o the_o breach_n of_o faith_n give_v to_o their_o subject_n page_n 539_o right_a external_a what_o 395._o how_o difference_v from_o internal_a page_n 453_o the_o right_n of_o king_n and_o state_n when_o by_o peace_n say_v to_o be_v remit_v page_n 547_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n concern_v inequality_n in_o contract_n page_n 164_o righteousness_n judgement_n and_o mercy_n how_o distinguish_v page_n 177_o river_n how_o hold_v in_o propriety_n 89._o the_o whole_a sometime_o belong_v to_o one_o territory_n and_o none_o to_o another_o 95._o as_o flow_a stream_n common_a 82._o but_o as_o the_o profit_n his_o that_o own_v the_o bank_n ibid._n change_v their_o course_n whether_o they_o change_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o territory_n page_n 94_o a_o river_n in_o what_o sense_n say_v to_o be_v always_o the_o same_o page_z 141_o etc._n etc._n rome_n once_o the_o common_a city_n 525._o regardless_a of_o captive_n or_o prisoner_n and_o why_o page_n 488_o the_o roman_n severe_a in_o their_o victory_n 503._o they_o ancient_o abstain_v from_o fraud_n in_o their_o war_n page_n 444_o etc._n etc._n the_o roman_a empire_n in_o who_o now_o 143._o found_v in_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n page_n 144_o the_o roman_n claim_v that_o to_o themselves_o which_o their_o enemy_n take_v from_o other_o page_n 471_o all_o the_o roman_a tribe_n disfranchize_v for_o ingratitude_n page_n 39_o roman_n dictator_n absolute_a though_o temporary_a page_n 43_o the_o roman_n choose_v their_o emperor_n when_o reside_v at_o constantinople_n page_n 144_o the_o roman_a empire_n not_o universal_a though_o sometime_o so_o call_v page_n 407_o the_o roman_n right_o over_o their_o child_n 104._o their_o custom_n concern_v land_n take_v in_o war_n 472._o concern_v the_o spoil_n 474_o 475._o captive_n redeem_v 491._o those_o that_o return_n by_o postliminy_n ibid._n concern_v thing_n take_v 518_o 519_o concern_v their_o captive_a king_n page_n 503_o rule_n guide_v
sin_n be_v the_o injustice_n of_o the_o fact_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o here_o of_o all_o sin_n but_o of_o those_o which_o have_v respect_n to_o something_o without_o the_o person_n sin_v now_o this_o injustice_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a by_o how_o much_o the_o damage_n thereby_o do_v to_o another_o be_v great_a and_o therefore_o those_o be_v the_o great_a injury_n that_o be_v actual_o consummate_v and_o those_o the_o least_o which_o though_o they_o have_v make_v their_o progress_n through_o some_o act_n yet_o be_v not_o arrive_v to_o the_o utmost_a act_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o covet_v of_o our_o neighbour_n good_n be_v place_v by_o moses_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o decalogue_n as_o be_v a_o sin_n of_o the_o low_a form_n or_o as_o it_o be_v but_o a_o introduction_n to_o sin_n which_o the_o far_a it_o go_v the_o worse_a it_o be_v in_o either_o of_o these_o kind_n that_o be_v esteem_v the_o great_a crime_n which_o disturb_v common_a order_n and_o thereby_o give_v offence_n to_o most_o man_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o particular_a person_n and_o of_o these_o the_o high_a be_v that_o which_o touch_v the_o life_n of_o man_n express_v by_o moses_n in_o this_o precept_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v the_o next_o be_v that_o injury_n do_v to_o a_o man_n family_n the_o foundation_n whereof_o be_v lay_v in_o matrimony_n contain_v in_o these_o word_n thou_o shall_v not_o commit_v adultery_n the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v such_o as_o be_v commit_v against_o a_o man_n private_a estate_n either_o direct_o as_o by_o steal_v or_o indirect_o as_o when_o by_o our_o false_a testimony_n we_o prejudice_v the_o right_n of_o other_o these_o may_v be_v yet_o more_o acute_o divide_v but_o it_o please_v almighty_a god_n in_o the_o decalogue_n to_o follow_v this_o order_n for_o under_o the_o name_n of_o parent_n which_o be_v natural_a magistrate_n it_o be_v fit_a that_o magistrate_n and_o other_o ruler_n and_o governor_n shall_v be_v comprehend_v by_o who_o authority_n humane_a society_n be_v maintain_v next_o unto_o this_o follow_v the_o interdiction_n of_o homicide_n the_o institution_n of_o matrimony_n and_o the_o prohibit_v of_o adultery_n then_o theft_n be_v forbid_v and_o false_a testimony_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n such_o sin_n as_o be_v inconsummate_v neither_o among_o those_o cause_n that_o shall_v restrain_v we_o from_o sin_n be_v we_o to_o place_v that_o single_a damage_n only_o that_o be_v do_v direct_o against_o other_o but_o that_o also_o which_o be_v probable_o consequent_a to_o it_o as_o in_o fire_v a_o house_n make_v a_o breach_n in_o the_o sea-bank_n or_o in_o a_o bulwark_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o many_o family_n be_v concern_v moreover_o that_o injustice_n which_o we_o put_v here_o as_o a_o general_a cause_n of_o restrain_v from_o sin_n be_v sometime_o aggravate_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o another_o crime_n as_o our_o impiety_n to_o our_o parent_n our_o inhumanity_n to_o our_o kindred_n our_o ingratitude_n to_o our_o patron_n or_o benefactor_n again_o a_o sin_n be_v repute_v the_o great_a be_v the_o often_o commit_v forasmuch_o as_o a_o habit_n of_o evil_n be_v far_o worse_a than_o some_o particular_a act_n of_o evil_a once_o to_o err_v be_v pardonable_a but_o in_o iisdem_fw-la saepius_fw-la errare_fw-la emotae_fw-la est_fw-la mentis_fw-la to_o dash_v often_o against_o the_o same_o stone_n be_v folly_n nay_o madness_n the_o often_o we_o offend_v the_o great_a punishment_n we_o deserve_v and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v how_o far_o forth_o that_o be_v natural_o righteous_a which_o be_v usual_o do_v among_o the_o persian_n who_o before_o they_o pass_v sentence_n upon_o a_o malefactor_n custom_n the_o persian_a custom_n look_v back_o to_o his_o former_a life_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o present_a crime_n he_o stand_v convict_v of_o for_o they_o think_v it_o unjust_a to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o any_o man_n for_o one_o evil_a act_n unless_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n have_v be_v otherwise_o sinful_a and_o indeed_o what_o asinius_n pollio_n say_v be_v very_o true_a we_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o any_o person_n by_o some_o particular_a act_n but_o by_o his_o continue_a habit_n none_n be_v to_o be_v account_v notorious_o wicked_a but_o they_o that_o have_v long_o persist_v in_o a_o constant_a course_n of_o wickedness_n nemo_n repent_v fit_a pessimus_fw-la no_o man_n arrive_v at_o the_o height_n of_o impudence_n at_o the_o first_o for_o our_o innocency_n leave_v we_o not_o but_o by_o degree_n and_o boldness_n that_o it_o may_v learn_v not_o to_o startle_v at_o grosser_n villainy_n gather_v strength_n and_o courage_n by_o the_o frequent_a commit_v of_o lesser_a one_o and_o yet_o what_o asinius_n pollio_n say_v concern_v the_o judge_n of_o man_n present_a crime_n by_o their_o former_a life_n aught_o to_o take_v place_n in_o such_o only_a who_o be_v otherwise_o not_o wicked_a have_v be_v on_o a_o sudden_a surprise_v by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o some_o particular_a sin_n but_o not_o in_o those_o who_o have_v change_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o former_a life_n for_o of_o these_o god_n himself_o by_o the_o prophet_n ezekiel_n proclaim_v 1._o chap._n 18._o lib._n 1._o that_o he_o will_v have_v no_o regard_n at_o all_o to_o their_o former_a deed_n whereunto_o that_o of_o thucydides_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v they_o deserve_v double_o to_o be_v punish_v because_o they_o be_v apostate_n from_o goodness_n and_o degenerate_a from_o virtue_n to_o vice_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v wise_o provide_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n in_o their_o censure_n of_o other_o man_n fail_n that_o no_o judgement_n shall_v pass_v bare_o for_o the_o crime_n commit_v but_o with_o retrospection_n on_o their_o forepast_a life_n and_o on_o what_o follow_v as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o council_n of_o ancyra_n and_o other_o sacerdotio_fw-la lib._n 3._o de_fw-la sacerdotio_fw-la so_o st_n chrysostome_n punishment_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v inflict_v according_a to_o the_o sole_a measure_n of_o the_o crime_n but_o we_o ought_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o mind_n and_o manner_n of_o he_o that_o commit_v they_o but_o a_o law_n be_v once_o enact_v against_o any_o one_o vice_n 7.13_o rom._n 7.13_o make_v a_o sin_n exceed_o sinful_a so_o st_n aug._n lex_fw-la prohibens_fw-la omne_fw-la delicta_fw-la congeminat_fw-la ob._n de_fw-fr vera_fw-la relig._n ob._n the_o law_n in_o prohibit_v double_v all_o offence_n for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o single_a sin_n when_o we_o commit_v not_o that_o only_o which_o be_v in_o itself_o evil_a bâ—t_a tbat_n also_o which_o be_v forbid_v we_o and_o by_o this_o argument_n st_n paul_n aggravate_v the_o sin_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o of_o the_o gentile_n because_o they_o have_v the_o law_n to_o direct_v they_o we_o must_v not_o therefore_o be_v rash_a in_o judge_v nor_o as_o cicero_n advise_v in_o grave_n and_o serious_a thing_n determine_v of_o the_o will_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o person_n accuse_v bare_o by_o the_o fact_n but_o by_o his_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o live_v a_o good_a man_n may_v haply_o be_v ensnare_v by_o the_o sweetness_n of_o a_o sin_n or_o by_o the_o sudden_a gust_n of_o temptation_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o general_a course_n of_o his_o life_n he_o may_v retain_v his_o integrity_n the_o heart_n of_o asa_n be_v say_v to_o be_v upright_o all_o the_o day_n of_o his_o life_n and_o yet_o when_o he_o be_v sick_a it_o be_v object_v against_o he_o that_o he_o seek_v unto_o the_o physician_n and_o not_o unto_o the_o lord_n xxxi_o the_o fitness_n of_o the_o person_n offend_v to_o both_o which_o be_v diverse_o respect_v now_o before_o we_o can_v right_o understand_v how_o to_o punish_v we_o must_v know_v the_o aptness_n and_o capacity_n of_o offender_n to_o apprehend_v the_o cause_n which_o do_v either_o excite_v they_o to_o commit_v or_o restrain_v they_o from_o commit_v of_o sin_n now_o this_o aptness_n or_o capacity_n of_o they_o we_o may_v guess_v at_o by_o either_o their_o temperament_n of_o body_n age_n sex_n education_n or_o some_o of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o act_n for_o it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o child_n woman_n fool_n illiterate_a person_n and_o ill_o educate_v can_v so_o well_o distinguish_v between_o just_a and_o unjust_a lawful_a and_o unlawful_a as_o they_o that_o have_v more_o perspicacity_n and_o ingenuity_n and_o that_o they_o in_o who_o choler_n predominate_v be_v prone_a to_o anger_n and_o revenge_n as_o they_o also_o that_o be_v of_o a_o sanguine_a complexion_n be_v to_o dalliance_n so_o young_a man_n be_v propense_a to_o one_o passion_n old_a man_n to_o another_o insomuch_o that_o nature_n seem_v to_o plead_v somewhat_o in_o their_o excuse_n as_o to_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v as_o it_o be_v congeneal_a with_o they_o as_o
we_o in_o political_a consultation_n 419_o of_o rule_n or_o dominion_n the_o desire_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o be_v rule_v no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 407_o s._n sabacon_n convert_v capital_a punishment_n into_o servile_a work_n page_n 372_o sabbath_n the_o symbol_n of_o the_o creation_n 387._o its_o law_n more_o indispensable_a than_o any_o other_o ibid._n its_o breach_n why_o punish_v by_o death_n ibid._n drive_v away_o by_o the_o danger_n of_o life_n 59_o make_v for_o the_o refreshment_n of_o servant_n page_n 521_o sacred_a thing_n in_o what_o sense_n public_a 465._o whether_o subject_n to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n ibid._n &_o 466._o render_v by_o their_o city_n cease_v to_o be_v sacred_a ibid._n make_v profane_a by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n ibid._n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 515_o sacrilege_n in_o war_n not_o punishable_a page_n 465_o it_o be_v sacrilege_n to_o violate_v temple_n and_o altar_n page_n 515_o sacreligious_a person_n to_o be_v cast_v out_o unburied_a page_n 219_o safety_n of_o the_o conqueror_n how_o provide_v for_o page_n 525_o 526_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a consist_v in_o the_o preservation_n of_o its_o part_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a page_n 57_o safe-conduct_a to_o such_o a_o place_n how_o understand_v 568._o how_o far_o it_o extend_v to_o person_n good_n or_o attendant_n 544._o what_o it_o imply_v page_n 560_o the_o saguntines_n case_n discuss_v page_n 193_o sampsons_n death_n page_n 219_o sanedrin_n call_v god_n page_n 47_o satisfaction_n to_o be_v demand_v before_o war_n be_v denounce_v 367._o to_o be_v tender_v by_o he_o that_o have_v offend_v 77._o if_o refuse_v justify_v a_o war_n ibid._n saul_n whether_o he_o die_v impenitent_a page_n 219_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o provision_n shorten_v a_o war_n page_n 511_o schoolman_n their_o singular_a modesty_n pref._n nineteeen_o their_o opinion_n concern_v lie_v and_o equivocation_n 444._o the_o generality_n follow_v st._n augustine_n ibid._n scripture_n what_o they_o bare_o recite_v and_o reprove_v not_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o condemn_v 449._o to_o understand_v two_o main_a help_n page_n 25_o sea_n take_v either_o universal_o or_o in_o its_o part_n whether_o occupyable_a 80._o it_o can_v be_v possess_v because_o not_o bound_v ibid._n may_v be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n and_o how_o 89._o near_o the_o shore_n occupyable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 90._o fill_v up_o and_o let_v in_o to_o the_o land_n by_o the_o roman_n 90_o 91._o serve_v for_o three_o use_n water_n fish_v and_o navigation_n page_n 80_o the_o sea_n empire_n over_o it_o part_n how_o lose_v page_n 92_o 93_o sect_n all_o hold_v somewhat_o that_o be_v true_a none_o infallible_a pref._n xuj_o self-murder_n not_o valour_n but_o madness_n page_n 218_o 219_o the_o sentence_n do_v not_o proper_o give_v a_o right_n 448_o 449._o sometime_o divide_v sometime_o conjoin_v page_n 113_o sepultus_fw-la and_o humatus_fw-la the_o difference_n page_n 214_o sepulcher_n subject_a to_o the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 467_o sergius_n paulus_n a_o magistrate_n after_o his_o conversion_n page_n 20_o servus_n quasi_fw-la servatus_fw-la page_n 482_o servant_n may_v do_v what_o be_v unjust_a and_o yet_o be_v just_a 429._o not_o punishable_a for_o what_o they_o do_v be_v command_v ibid._n not_o judge_n of_o their_o master_n command_n but_o executioner_n ibid._n not_o examine_v by_o the_o roman_n without_o torture_n 28._o prohibit_v by_o the_o canon_n to_o forsake_v their_o master_n how_o understand_v 116_o 117_o 483._o whether_o they_o may_v resist_v their_o master_n ibid._n or_o take_v reward_n for_o their_o labour_n ibid._n if_o good_a to_o be_v use_v as_o brethren_n page_v 520_o servitude_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n 117._o its_o degree_n ibid._n not_o repugnant_a to_o nature_n 115_o 116._o perfect_a and_o imperfect_a page_n 115_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n towards_o the_o conquer_a page_n 503_o see_v slave_n severity_n then_o seasonable_a when_o delinquent_n be_v few_o page_n 37_o severity_n extreme_a too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o cruelty_n 456._o of_o lord_n justify_v the_o servant_n flight_n page_n 116_o sex_n prefer_v in_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n before_o age_n page_n 128_o sign_n testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_v page_n 98_o signification_n though_o improper_a sometime_o admit_v page_n 193_o ship_n when_o say_v to_o be_v take_v 470._o of_o war_n with_o the_o tackle_n and_o ordnance_n take_v the_o king_n 480._o if_o they_o hurt_v any_o whether_o the_o master_n stand_v oblige_v 204._o where_o be_v many_o innocent_n whether_o to_o be_v batter_v with_o ordnance_n page_n 434_o shore_n how_o common_a and_o how_o hold_v in_o propriety_n 90._o forsake_v by_o the_o river_n who_o 138._o be_v the_o occupant_n shed_v for_o shelter_n may_v be_v build_v thereon_o page_n 85._o silence_n when_o take_v for_o consent_n 98_o 99_o if_o not_o free_a work_v nothing_o ibid._n simulation_n in_o war_n laudable_a to_o deceive_v a_o enemy_n page_n 137_o 138_o 139_o simplicity_n of_o our_o first_o parent_n wherein_o page_z 79_o single_a combat_n from_o whence_o 368._o in_o what_o case_n lawful_a page_n 76_o sin_n reacted_n aggravate_v the_o punishment_n 379_o the_o most_o customary_a the_o more_o severe_a 382._o differ_v with_o man_n age_n and_o complexion_n 380._o of_o humane_a infirmity_n not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n 374._o some_o unavoidable_a to_o some_o complexion_n 375._o visit_v upon_o parent_n and_o their_o child_n what_o 402._o against_o the_o second_o table_n their_o degree_n page_n 379_o to_o sin_n he_o that_o urge_v another_o sin_n himself_o page_n 445_o 446_o sister_n two_o to_o marry_v ancient_o lawful_a page_n 111_o a_o slave_n what_o 115_o 116._o not_o to_o resist_v his_o lord_n 483._o too_o severe_o use_v may_v fly_v 116_o 117._o take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n and_o make_v a_o escape_n whether_o he_o may_v carry_v any_o thing_n with_o he_o 483._o what_o ere_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o be_v unpunishable_a ibid._n have_v nothing_o of_o his_o own_o page_n 483_o 484_o of_o slave_n a_o multitude_n can_v constitute_v a_o city_n 486._o some_o permit_v to_o make_v their_o will_n 523._o in_o case_n of_o famine_n or_o cruelty_n they_o may_v appeal_v to_o the_o magistrate_n ibid._n a_o slave_n may_v merit_v from_o his_o lord_n and_o raise_v himself_o a_o stock_n 522._o not_o to_o be_v kill_v nor_o too_o rigorous_o punish_v nor_o oppress_v with_o over_o hard_a labour_n 520_o 521_o 522._o after_o very_o hard_a service_n reward_v with_o freedom_n and_o not_o to_o go_v away_o empty_a hand_a 523._o to_o be_v use_v as_o a_o hireling_n 521._o the_o hebrew_n and_o roman_n very_o merciful_a to_o they_o page_n 520_o where_o slavery_n be_v not_o in_o use_n exchange_n of_o prisoner_n and_o ransom_n succeed_v page_n 523_o society_n the_o foundation_n of_o law_n pref._n four_o v._n and_o reason_n man_n best_a weapon_n ibid._n a_o society_n and_o a_o city_n how_o they_o differ_v page_n 50_o civil_a society_n a_o human_a institution_n page_n 59_o society_n not_o to_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o hebrew_n with_o who_o page_n 184_o society_n of_o insurance_n against_o danger_n page_n 164_o society_n where_o work_n be_v set_v against_o money_n ibid._n in_o society_n the_o major_a part_n oblige_v the_o whole_a 113._o what_o right_o they_o have_v over_o their_o member_n page_n 114_o society_n with_o profane_a what_o and_o how_o far_o dangerous_a and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v avoid_v page_n 186_o where_o divers_a society_n have_v unequal_a share_n how_o the_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v page_n 114_o society_n hold_v not_o where_o any_o one_o part_n have_v no_o hope_n of_o gain_n page_n 163_o 164_o society_n naval_a page_n 164_o social_n war_n its_o division_n page_n 183_o see_v associate_n sojourner_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n may_v in_o war_n be_v make_v captive_n page_v 472_o to_o solicit_v subject_n to_o betray_v their_o own_o prince_n unlawful_a page_n 445_o soil_v lie_v waste_n may_v be_v give_v to_o stranger_n page_n 85_o sold_n twice_o who_o they_o be_v page_n 161_o solemn_a war_n can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n 252._o it_o have_v its_o peculiar_a right_n page_n 456_o 480_o a_o son_n when_o he_o may_v accuse_v his_o own_o father_n of_o treason_n page_n 209_o the_o son_n bear_v before_o the_o father_n be_v king_n prefer_v before_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v after_o page_n 131_o son_n adopt_a whether_o capable_a of_o succession_n page_n 127_o 128_o sovereignty_n not_o lose_v by_o a_o promise_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o of_o natural_a or_o divine_a right_n 45._o nor_o by_o misgovernment_n lose_v page_n 73_o soldier_n to_o choose_v their_o general_n dangerous_a 143_o 144._o straggle_v from_o the_o army_n and_o plunder_v may_v be_v kill_v 374._o of_o fortune_n fight_v for_o plunder_n and_o pay_n 426._o life_n most_o miserable_a