fugitive_n and_o people_n of_o infamous_a conversation_n the_o writ_n of_o the_o court_n run_v nos_fw-la capitaneus_fw-la etc._n etc._n tibi_fw-la etc._n etc._n mandamus_fw-la vigore_fw-la regio_fw-la &_o nostra_fw-la qua_fw-la hac_fw-la parte_fw-la fungimur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o criminal_a cause_n it_o be_v to_o be_v serve_v a_o fortnight_n in_o civil_a a_o week_n before_o the_o court_n sit_v to_o the_o judicia_fw-la campestria_fw-la may_v be_v refer_v the_o vice-captain_n court_n which_o take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o division_n of_o estate_n between_o brother_n forcible_a ejection_n servant_n entertain_v without_o testimonial_n exaction_n of_o custom_n nonpayment_n of_o public_a duty_n etc._n etc._n the_o sub-chamberlain_n court_n be_v for_o settle_v the_o bound_n of_o nobleman_n estate_n the_o commissorial_n court_n be_v erect_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n when_o the_o controversy_n happen_v between_o a_o nobleman_n and_o one_o of_o the_o king_n tenant_n for_o 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be_v clap_v into_o iron_n and_z takes_z care_n that_o execution_n be_v do_v for_o cause_n that_o relate_v to_o the_o public_a revenue_n there_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o exchequer_n usual_o hold_v at_o radom_n and_o therefore_o call_v tribunal_n radomiense_n the_o judge_n of_o this_o court_n beside_o the_o treasurer_n be_v certain_a senator_n elect_v for_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o general_a parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n before_o this_o court_n be_v examine_v and_o try_v all_o sub-treasurer_n and_o collector_n of_o contribution_n and_o captain_n which_o have_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n what_o collection_n be_v pay_v into_o their_o hand_n as_o also_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o by_o who_o the_o treasury_n have_v suffer_v any_o damage_n this_o court_n seldom_o sit_v above_o a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n and_o always_o adjourn_v before_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o general_a convention_n near_o relate_v to_o this_o court_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o commission_n for_o payment_n of_o soldier_n wage_n here_o be_v try_v such_o soldier_n as_o have_v not_o appear_v after_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o pay_n or_o that_o have_v commit_v any_o act_n of_o violence_n towards_o the_o king_n subject_n the_o judge_n of_o this_o court_n be_v the_o chief_a commission-officer_n of_o the_o army_n with_o certain_a select_a senator_n and_o deputy_n to_o assist_v they_o to_o omit_v the_o military_a court_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o well_o discipline_v army_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o king_n house_n have_v also_o his_o court_n who_o jurisdiction_n extend_v not_o only_o over_o the_o king_n servant_n but_o also_o over_o the_o senator_n themselves_o that_o live_v in_o the_o court_n the_o captural_a court_n be_v twofold_a either_o general_n which_o sit_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la to_o prevent_v disorder_n have_v absolute_a power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n who_o judge_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o prime_a nobility_n or_o particular_a in_o the_o several_a palatinate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n at_o the_o several_a particular_a convention_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la they_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o cause_n tryable_a in_o the_o captain_n court_n and_o of_o all_o injury_n and_o battery_n but_o meddle_v not_o with_o civil_a matter_n be_v like_o a_o court_n constitute_v to_o keep_v the_o peace_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la all_o captural_a court_n cease_v three_o week_n before_o the_o assembly_n for_o election_n meet_v after_o the_o election_n be_v over_o they_o sit_v again_o till_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n the_o jew_n be_v every_o where_o try_v and_o judge_v by_o the_o palatine_n from_o who_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n except_o the_o sum_n exceed_v a_o hundred_o florin_n they_o that_o live_v in_o town_n or_o village_n belong_v to_o nobleman_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o royalty_n in_o the_o assessorial_n court_n the_o chancellor_n sit_v as_o supreme_a judge_n assist_v by_o the_o master_n of_o request_n and_o the_o principal_a secretary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n here_o be_v hear_v all_o cause_n remove_v from_o the_o city_n court_v as_o also_o from_o the_o palatine_n when_o the_o controversy_n lie_v between_o a_o christian_a and_o a_o jew_n of_o the_o court_n of_o relation_n the_o king_n himself_o be_v judge_n and_o hear_v all_o cause_n remove_v by_o way_n of_o appeal_n out_o of_o the_o assessorial_n court_n hence_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n but_o only_o to_o the_o parliament_n itself_o and_o that_o but_o in_o two_o or_o three_o case_n as_o when_o the_o action_n relate_v to_o a_o estate_n which_o the_o possessor_n affirm_v that_o he_o hold_v by_o inheritance_n or_o that_o it_o concern_v the_o public_a revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o ecclesiatical_a court_n particular_o name_v however_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v their_o several_a court_n where_o either_o they_o or_o their_o official_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o ceremony_n and_o institution_n ecclesiastical_a and_o be_v judge_n of_o heresy_n schism_n magic_a incantation_n usury_n simony_n as_o also_o controversy_n about_o tithe_n and_o church-land_n of_o murder_n or_o violence_n offer_v to_o a_o religious_a person_n or_o upon_o holy_a ground_n moreover_o they_o determine_v the_o right_n of_o patronage_n matrimonial_a difference_n and_o contest_v touch_v birthright_n as_o for_o will_n and_o testament_n the_o difference_n about_o they_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o secular_a court_n as_o well_o as_o in_o these_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o some_o legacy_n leave_v to_o the_o church_n from_o the_o bishop_n court_n there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n from_o he_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o apostolic_a see_n to_o the_o spiritual_a court_n belong_v the_o court_n of_o nunciature_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n always_o reside_v in_o poland_n however_o before_o he_o
and_o vilna_n for_o the_o polonian_n believe_v that_o it_o very_o much_o avail_v both_o to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o to_o confirm_v the_o allegiance_n of_o they_o that_o obey_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o generality_n who_o can_v then_o have_v no_o pretence_n to_o complain_v of_o their_o own_o act._n the_o place_n of_o election_n be_v in_o a_o open_a field_n not_o far_o from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n wola_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o who_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n it_o be_v mark_v out_o by_o the_o marshal_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n when_o the_o day_n of_o election_n be_v come_v and_o the_o senator_n all_o meet_v the_o interrex_n ask_v the_o question_n three_o time_n whether_o it_o be_v their_o pleasure_n to_o command_v that_o such_o a_o one_o shall_v be_v declare_v king_n if_o by_o consent_n of_o voice_n they_o return_v for_o a_o answer_n it_o please_v we_o let_v he_o live_v then_o the_o archbishop_n declare_v he_o king_n in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n i_o declare_v such_o a_o one_o king_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o beseech_v the_o king_n of_o heaven_n to_o enable_v he_o for_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n and_o through_o his_o mercy_n so_o to_o order_n that_o the_o election_n may_v be_v prosperous_a for_o the_o nation_n and_o happy_a for_o the_o catholic_n religion_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n proclaim_v the_o election_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n king_n n._n be_v unanimous_o elect_v and_o so_o declare_v by_o the_o interrex_n he_o therefore_o all_o you_o acknowledge_v your_o lawful_o elect_a and_o declare_v king_n if_o the_o king_n so_o elect_v be_v absent_a his_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o confirm_v by_o oath_n the_o condition_n and_o receive_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o election_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n make_v a_o second_o proclamation_n in_o these_o word_n the_o polander_n have_v a_o lawful_a king_n on_o the_o other_o side_n before_o the_o king_n be_v admit_v he_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o covenant_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o clause_n point_n and_o condition_n and_o to_o renew_v the_o say_a oath_n at_o his_o coronation_n but_o though_o he_o be_v now_o elect_v the_o interregnum_fw-la do_v not_o cease_v till_o after_o his_o coronation_n for_o till_o then_o he_o assume_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o king_n elect_n neither_o be_v his_o letter_n to_o foreign_a prince_n seal_v with_o any_o other_o seal_n than_o that_o of_o the_o chamber_n so_o that_o though_o the_o present_a king_n be_v permit_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o seal_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n before_o his_o coronation_n that_o be_v only_o do_v upon_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o muscovitick_a expedition_n the_o usual_a place_n of_o coronation_n be_v cracow_n where_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o chief_n treasury_n under_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o high_a treasurer_n and_o the_o person_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n be_v always_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n if_o not_o prevent_v by_o sickness_n the_o chief_a ceremony_n at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o question_n propound_v to_o the_o king_n will_v thou_o profess_v the_o catholic_n faith_n deliver_v by_o catholic_n man_n answ_n i_o will_n will_v thou_o defend_v and_o maintain_v the_o church_n and_o its_o minister_n will_v thou_o uphold_v defend_v and_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n by_o god_n commit_v to_o thy_o care_n according_a to_o justice_n ans_fw-fr i_o will_n all_o which_o he_o confirm_v by_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o word_n and_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n the_o ceremony_n of_o anoint_v be_v perform_v with_o say_v these_o word_n i_o anoint_v thou_o king_n with_o the_o sanctify_a oil_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n the_o word_n of_o confirmation_n be_v sit_v and_o possess_v the_o throne_n appoint_v thou_o by_o god_n let_v thy_o hand_n be_v strengthen_v and_o thy_o right_a hand_n exalt_v the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v the_o king_n repair_v to_o the_o grand_a assembly_n for_o the_o coronation_n where_o the_o interrex_n resign_v his_o authority_n and_o the_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o nobility_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o city_n take_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n the_o present_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o a_o recital_n of_o the_o article_n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o they_o bound_v themselves_o as_o well_o before_o as_o at_o their_o coronation_n for_o they_o contain_v all_o the_o essential_a property_n of_o regal_a dominion_n under_o the_o name_n of_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la as_o to_o their_o power_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n the_o roman-catholick_n king_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o part_v with_o their_o chief_a prerogative_n in_o that_o particular_a reserve_v only_o to_o themselves_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n the_o king_n swear_v to_o maintain_v peace_n between_o the_o dissenter_n in_o religion_n of_o which_o there_o be_v many_o in_o poland_n and_o to_o compose_v the_o cause_n and_o difference_n among_o person_n profess_v the_o greek_a religion_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la swear_v to_o by_o john_n the_o three_o now_o reign_v as_o for_o foundation_n of_o church_n and_o monastery_n whatsoever_o liberty_n the_o king_n may_v have_v to_o erect_v they_o be_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o all_o the_o order_n at_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o thus_o the_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o academy_n of_o vilna_n be_v also_o confirm_v the_o next_o prerogative_n be_v the_o legislative_a power_n concern_v which_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n of_o make_v law_n themselves_o as_o necessity_n require_v but_o afterward_o when_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v law_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o peer_n insomuch_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1570_o enact_v that_o no_o law_n shall_v be_v of_o public_a force_n till_o review_v and_o subscribe_v by_o such_o a_o number_n of_o deputy_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senator_n who_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v require_v beforehand_o whether_o the_o law_n shall_v pass_v which_o law_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n be_v likewise_o former_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a judge_n till_o vladislaus_n jagello_n grant_v this_o privilege_n to_o the_o nobility_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v or_o imprison_v till_o convict_v by_o law_n after_o he_o bathor_n throw_v off_o the_o burden_n of_o hear_v cause_n from_o his_o own_o shoulder_n and_o erect_v several_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o judgement_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o concern_v his_o chequer_n and_o such_o city_n as_o be_v immediate_o under_o his_o jurisdiction_n but_o now_o the_o nobility_n create_v the_o chief_a judge_n or_o marshal_n with_o his_o assistant_n in_o those_o tribunal_n nor_o do_v the_o king_n sit_v alone_o upon_o cause_n that_o come_v before_o he_o by_o way_n of_o appeal_n beside_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o determine_v all_o court_n cause_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o officer_n reside_v at_o court_n as_o also_o to_o call_v the_o cause_n in_o order_n as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o register_n and_o neither_o to_o retard_v nor_o further_o any_o cause_n for_o favour_n or_o interest_n the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n do_v former_o without_o doubt_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o casimir_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1454_o make_v a_o promise_n that_o he_o will_v undertake_v no_o war_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la promise_v not_o to_o admit_v or_o call_v in_o any_o foreign_a assistance_n without_o the_o especial_a consent_n of_o the_o estate_n not_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o stand_a militia_n nor_o raise_v force_n private_o not_o to_o send_v aid_n to_o any_o other_o prince_n without_o consent_n as_o aforesaid_a nor_o to_o commit_v the_o trust_n of_o fort_n or_o castle_n to_o stranger_n or_o plebeian_n but_o to_o man_n of_o worth_n and_o land_a nobility_n beside_o all_o these_o engagement_n there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o war_n elect_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n to_o attend_v and_o advise_v he_o in_o the_o field_n according_a to_o the_o late_a constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o and_o several_a other_o before_o he_o be_v also_o
the_o palatine_n or_o woiwodes_n and_o castellanes_n the_o palatine_n be_v governor_n of_o dutchy_n or_o county_n commander_n of_o their_o militia_n in_o the_o general_a expedition_n of_o the_o kingdom_n appoint_v convention_n of_o the_o noble_n within_o their_o own_o palatinate_n and_o preside_v in_o they_o and_o in_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o have_v the_o patronage_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o poland_n they_o be_v the_o first_o order_n of_o the_o secular_a senator_n the_o castellane_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o palatine_n command_v in_o time_n of_o war_n the_o nobility_n under_o they_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o belong_v to_o one_o palatine_n each_o of_o they_o have_v his_o district_n or_o castellanate_n and_o from_o hence_o his_o title_n and_o general_o some_o revenue_n but_o no_o jurisdiction_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n only_o as_o he_o be_v a_o senator_n the_o castellane_n of_o cracow_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o palatine_a upon_o the_o rebellion_n of_o scarbimirus_n the_o palatine_a against_o boleslaus_n iii_o the_o castellane_n of_o vilna_n and_o troco_n together_o with_o the_o captain_n of_o samogitia_n the_o only_a captain_n in_o the_o senate_n have_v pre-eminence_n in_o consideration_n of_o their_o antiquity_n the_o palatine_n be_v seat_v thus_o 1._o the_o castellane_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_n of_o 2._o cracow_n and_o 3._o posnania_n by_o turn_n 4._o vilna_n 5._o sandomiria_n 6._o castellane_n of_o vilna_n the_o palatine_n of_o 7._o calistia_n 8._o troco_n 9_o sirad_n 10._o castellane_n of_o troco_n 11._o palatine_n of_o lenschet_fw-mi 11._o captain_n of_o samogitia_n palatine_n of_o 13._o bressic_n 14._o kiovia_n 15._o inouladislow_n 16._o russia_n former_o of_o leopol_n 17._o volhinia_n 18._o podolia_n former_o caminiecz_n 19_o smolensko_n 20._o lublin_n 21._o plockzow_n 22._o belze_n 23._o novogrod_n 24._o ploco_fw-la 25._o vitepz_n 26._o masovia_n former_o culmo_fw-la 27._o podlachia_n 28._o rava_n 29._o brzecienski_n 30._o culmo_fw-la 31._o mscislavia_n 32._o mariaeburgh_n 33._o breslow_n 34._o pomerania_n 35._o minsco_n 36._o czernichow_n after_o these_o palatine_n sit_v the_o castellane_n distinguish_v into_o great_a and_o lesser_a the_o great_a be_v these_o 1._o posnania_n 2._o sendomir_n 3._o calissia_n 4._o voynicz_n 5._o gnesna_n 6._o sirad_n 7._o lenschet_fw-mi 8._o samogitia_n 9_o brestie_n 10._o kiovia_n 11._o inouladislow_n 12._o leopol_n 13._o volhinia_n 14._o camieniecz_n 15._o smolensko_n 16._o lublin_n 17._o belze_n 18._o novogrod_n 19_o ploco_fw-la 20._o witepz_n 21._o czetne_v 22._o podlachia_n 23._o rava_n 24._o brzescia_n 25._o culmo_fw-la 26._o mscilow_n 27._o elbing_n 28._o breslow_n 29._o dantzic_n 30._o mirisco_n 31._o czernichow_n the_o lesser_a castellane_n be_v 1._o sandecia_n 2._o medirec_n 3._o wislick_n 4._o biecie_fw-la 5._o rogosnow_n 6._o radan_n 7._o zawichost_n 8._o lenden_n 9_o srim_n 10._o tarnow_n 11._o malagost_n 12._o vielun_n 13._o praemissia_fw-la 14._o halicie_n 15._o senoc_n 16._o chelmo_n 17._o dobrzin_n 18._o polaniecz_n 19_o premetenski_n 20._o krivin_fw-fr 21._o czechow_n 22._o nackle_n 23._o rospir_n 24._o biechow_n 25._o bidgost_n 26._o briesin_n 27._o kruswic_n 28._o oswiecz_n 29._o camienecz_n 30._o spicimiria_n 31._o inoulad_a 32._o kowale_n 33._o santoc_n 34._o sochaczow_n 35._o warsow_n 36._o gostinin_n 37._o visna_n 38._o raciecz_n 39_o sierpz_n 40._o wysogrogende_fw-la 41._o ripin_n 42._o zacochim_n 43._o ciechanon_n 44._o live_v 45._o slonsco_n 46._o lubaczow_n 47._o konar_n in_o sirad_n 48._o konar_n in_o lenschot_n 49._o konar_n in_o cujavia_n these_o be_v call_v the_o lesser_a as_o be_v more_o late_o admit_v into_o the_o senate_n to_o great_a castellane_n they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o wielmozni_n or_o magnifici_fw-la to_o the_o lesser_a that_o of_o vrodzeni_n or_o generosi_fw-la but_o by_o private_a person_n all_o castellane_n be_v call_v jasnie_n wielmozni_n or_o illustrissimi_fw-la it_o be_v establish_v by_o law_n that_o none_o may_v be_v either_o palatine_a or_o castellane_n in_o that_o province_n in_o which_o he_o have_v no_o land_n the_o low_a in_o degree_n among_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o the_o supreme_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n 3._o the_o high_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 4._o the_o chancellor_n of_o lithvania_n 5._o the_o pro-chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 6._o the_o pro-chancellor_n of_o lithvania_n 7._o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 8._o the_o treasurer_n of_o lithvania_n 9_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n for_o the_o kingdom_n 10._o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n the_o office_n of_o the_o supreme_a marshal_n be_v to_o call_v the_o senate_n upon_o command_n of_o the_o king_n or_o interrex_n to_o command_v silence_n and_o give_v leave_v of_o speak_v therein_o to_o promulgate_v their_o act_n to_o the_o people_n and_o to_o pronounce_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o king_n decree_n in_o all_o cause_n of_o infamy_n and_o death_n he_o prepare_v the_o place_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o have_v the_o chief_a management_n of_o matter_n in_o those_o assembly_n receive_v foreign_a prince_n and_o ambassador_n at_o their_o arrival_n provide_v they_o with_o lodging_n perform_v also_o most_o of_o the_o function_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n steward_n of_o the_o king_n household_n in_o the_o public_a assembly_n or_o when_o he_o go_v before_o the_o king_n he_o carry_v a_o staff_n upright_o while_o the_o king_n reside_v in_o lithvania_n the_o marshal_n of_o lithvania_n have_v the_o same_o power_n there_o the_o chancellor_n be_v both_o secular_a person_n and_o the_o office_n of_o chancellor_n and_o pro-chancellor_n be_v the_o same_o only_o the_o chancellor_n keep_v the_o great_a and_o the_o pro-chancellor_n the_o lesser_a seal_n in_o short_a these_o two_o be_v the_o mouth_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o all_o business_n the_o treasurer_n be_v the_o steward_n of_o the_o public_a treasury_n and_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n when_o the_o king_n bestow_v this_o office_n upon_o any_o one_o four_o senator_n be_v appoint_v to_o deliver_v the_o treasury_n to_o he_o by_o a_o inventory_n of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o copy_n one_o with_o the_o king_n another_z with_o the_o treasurer_n and_o the_o three_o they_o keep_v themselves_o this_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o reference_n to_o all_o the_o senator_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o stir_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o particular_a licence_n of_o the_o grand_a estate_n and_o upon_o some_o press_a occasion_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o officer_n about_o the_o court_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n as_o the_o principal_a secretary_n master_n of_o request_n captain_n general_n etc._n etc._n i_o spare_v to_o mention_v be_v muchwhat_a the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o nation_n only_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v two_o of_o every_o sort_n one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o other_o for_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n the_o master_n of_o request_n be_v always_o present_a when_o the_o king_n sit_v to_o determine_v controversy_n and_o difference_n among_o his_o subject_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o lay_v open_a the_o nature_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o controversy_n to_o the_o king_n they_o stand_v fair_a upon_o a_o vacancy_n to_o be_v admit_v senator_n the_o magistrate_n for_o the_o several_a district_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n that_o be_v land_n or_o camp-magistrate_n the_o land_n magistrate_n be_v 1._o the_o vice-chamberlain_n or_o judge_n of_o bound_n and_o limit_n 2._o the_o standard-bearer_n 3._o the_o land-judg_n 4._o the_o tribune_n 5._o the_o land-register_n 6._o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o treasury_n beside_o some_o other_o inferior_a officer_n the_o camp_n or_o military_a officer_n be_v 1._o the_o captain_n with_o jurisdiction_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o some_o town_n or_o castle_n 2._o the_o captain_n without_o jurisdiction_n 3._o the_o burggrave_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o some_o castle_n and_z takes_z care_n of_o the_o outguard_n 4._o the_o vice-captain_n 5._o the_o judg-advocate_n 6._o the_o field-register_n the_o council_n council_n council_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n 1._o civil_a to_o which_o the_o counsellor_n come_v in_o their_o gown_n 2._o military_a to_o which_o they_o come_v in_o military_a habit_n the_o latter_a be_v only_o hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o interregnum_fw-la the_o former_a be_v frequent_o call_v and_o be_v 1._o ordinary_a which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v summon_v once_o in_o two_o year_n 2._o extraordinary_a which_o be_v assemble_v as_o the_o necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v when_o either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a council_n be_v to_o be_v convene_v the_o king_n by_o his_o letter_n summon_v
the_o lesser_a council_n or_o convention_n in_o the_o several_a palatinate_n large_a province_n and_o certain_a district_n these_o convention_n precede_v the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n six_o week_n unless_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a accident_n and_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o proper_a city_n of_o the_o palatinate_v and_o province_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n here_o after_o they_o have_v choose_v a_o marshal_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o like_o our_o speaker_n as_o be_v the_o director_n of_o the_o convention_n they_o first_o consider_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v propound_v to_o they_o by_o the_o king_n deputy_n dispatch_v away_o to_o every_o convention_n and_o of_o what_o other_o business_n be_v to_o be_v motion_v at_o the_o general_n session_n after_o that_o they_o choose_v the_o land_n deputy_n or_o provincial_a delegate_n for_o the_o general_a assembly_n every_o province_n send_v so_o many_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o our_o shire_n save_v only_o that_o they_o be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n till_o the_o whole_a number_n amount_v to_o about_o 300._o these_o deputy_n be_v general_o elect_v out_o of_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v not_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n exclude_v all_o judge_n and_o their_o assistant_n collector_n and_o all_o officer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n unless_o they_o have_v exact_a and_o full_a acquittance_n from_o the_o treasurer_n the_o delegate_n like_o our_o burgess_n have_v a_o certain_a allowance_n from_o their_o respective_a province_n during_o the_o sit_v of_o the_o general_a assembly_n the_o particular_a convention_n be_v break_v up_o which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v not_o to_o sit_v above_o four_o day_n three_o week_n before_o the_o senator_n and_o delegate_n repair_v to_o the_o grand_a session_n they_o meet_v at_o the_o general_a committee_n for_o the_o several_a province_n where_o they_o again_o read_v over_o the_o king_n command_n the_o instruction_n give_v to_o the_o delegate_n and_o what_o be_v think_v needful_a to_o be_v propound_v for_o the_o public_a good_a the_o grand_a assembly_n be_v meet_v the_o deputy_n repair_v to_o their_o chamber_n and_o choose_v their_o marshal_n or_o director_n which_o do_v they_o be_v all_o conduct_v to_o kiss_v the_o king_n hand_n and_o after_o that_o ceremony_n perform_v the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o dukedom_n in_o order_n declare_v to_o they_o the_o substance_n of_o those_o affair_n which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o debate_n before_o they_o depart_v they_o put_v the_o king_n in_o mind_n of_o supply_v such_o employment_n as_o be_v vacant_a with_o deserve_a person_n and_o desire_v a_o account_n of_o such_o law_n or_o ordinance_n as_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o resident_a senator_n since_o the_o sit_v of_o the_o last_o grand_a convention_n have_v so_o do_v they_o return_v to_o their_o chamber_n the_o power_n of_o these_o nuncii_fw-la or_o deputy_n be_v very_o great_a for_o when_o they_o send_v any_o of_o their_o number_n to_o the_o king_n they_o be_v present_o admit_v let_v the_o king_n be_v never_o so_o busy_a and_o have_v a_o immediate_a dispatch_n if_o they_o clash_v in_o their_o debate_n the_o king_n be_v careful_a to_o send_v some_o of_o the_o senator_n to_o reconcile_v they_o who_o then_o give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o mosci_n panovoie_n bracia_n or_o gracious_a lord_n brother_n they_o have_v also_o power_n to_o impeach_v any_o great_a officer_n of_o misdemeanour_n and_o to_o put_v the_o king_n himself_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o promise_n touch_v the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n neither_o be_v any_o constitution_n valid_a that_o have_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o chamber_n of_o the_o deputy_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o if_o any_o one_o of_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o the_o nuncii_fw-la dissent_n nothing_o can_v be_v legal_o conclude_v so_o that_o upon_o the_o protestation_n and_o departure_n of_o one_o deputy_n the_o whole_a convention_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la dissolve_v whilst_o the_o deputy_n be_v thus_o consult_v the_o king_n and_o senator_n have_v little_a to_o do_v but_o to_o hear_v certain_a criminal_a cause_n appoint_v before_o hand_n for_o the_o first_o week_n and_o some_o other_o civil_a controversy_n the_o second_o till_o the_o return_n of_o the_o deputy_n embody_v the_o whole_a senate_n together_o then_o every_o man_n have_v liberty_n to_o deliver_v his_o mind_n with_o the_o leave_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o marshal_n the_o king_n suspend_v his_o own_o opinion_n till_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o agree_v then_o he_o endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v their_o different_a vote_n or_o if_o he_o can_v prevail_v concur_v with_o that_o party_n which_o have_v vote_v most_o conformable_o to_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o realm_n these_o consultation_n by_o the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v continue_v above_o fifteen_o day_n after_o the_o join_n of_o both_o house_n though_o sometime_o urgency_n of_o affair_n cause_n far_a prolongation_n when_o the_o session_n break_v up_o the_o deputy_n return_v home_o give_v notice_n of_o their_o return_n to_o the_o captain_n with_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o palatine_n or_o vice-palatines_a give_v the_o same_o notice_n of_o the_o return_n to_o the_o deputy_n to_o the_o nobility_n invite_v they_o withal_o to_o the_o post-comitial_a assembly_n or_o convention_n of_o relation_n the_o meeting_n whereof_o the_o king_n appoint_v in_o these_o convention_n the_o deputy_n produce_v the_o constitution_n make_v in_o the_o last_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n deliver_v to_o they_o under_o seal_n by_o the_o chancellor_n and_o take_v care_n that_o they_o be_v fair_o transcribe_v into_o the_o land_n and_o military_a register_n not_o omit_v after_o this_o to_o give_v a_o full_a account_n of_o what_o they_o have_v act_v in_o discharge_n of_o their_o trust_n if_o the_o grand_a session_n break_v up_o in_o confusion_n not_o have_v effect_v any_o thing_n to_o purpose_n then_o certain_a post-comitial_a council_n be_v call_v wherein_o the_o king_n prefix_n a_o time_n for_o another_o grand_a session_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n that_o much_o disturbance_n shall_v rise_v in_o the_o general_a assembly_n consider_v the_o multitude_n of_o the_o deputy_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o each_o member_n for_o which_o reason_n cardinal_n johannes_n franciscus_n commendonus_n facetious_o say_v that_o morbus_fw-la comitialis_fw-la be_v the_o epidemical_a distemper_n of_o poland_n now_o that_o the_o king_n may_v not_o want_v a_o council_n in_o the_o interval_n of_o general_a convention_n they_o before_o they_o break_v up_o appoint_v 24_o senator_n 8_o palatine_n 8_o major_n and_o as_o many_o minor_a castellanes_n and_o four_o bishop_n to_o wait_v quarterly_a four_a at_o a_o time_n one_o bishop_n and_o three_o senator_n till_o other_o 28_o be_v choose_v and_o these_o be_v bind_v so_o close_o to_o their_o duty_n that_o they_o accompany_v the_o king_n to_o the_o war_n for_o which_o they_o have_v a_o stipend_n allow_v and_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o treasury_n the_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o division_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o country_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o be_v either_o ecclesiastic_a or_o secular_a either_o for_o civil_a or_o criminal_a cause_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o manner_n of_o proceed_v therein_o not_o easy_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o particular_a survey_n the_o noble_n have_v a_o court_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o call_v the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n wherein_o all_o action_n relate_v to_o estate_n in_o land_n be_v try_v where_o also_o the_o captain_n and_z by_o their_o permission_n the_o king_n tenant_n may_v sue_v the_o noble_n themselves_o for_o waste_v do_v upon_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n table_n to_o this_o court_n likewise_o belong_v all_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o contract_n the_o judge_n of_o this_o court_n be_v a_o chief_a judge_n a_o judge_n and_o a_o secondary_a upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o these_o the_o nobility_n propose_v four_o land_a man_n who_o they_o recommend_v to_o the_o king_n who_o choose_v one_o out_o of_o they_o into_o the_o dead_a place_n all_o the_o judge_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v resident_a at_o the_o session_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v twice_o thrice_o and_o sometime_o four_o time_n a_o year_n the_o next_o remarkable_a court_n be_v that_o of_o the_o several_a captain_n jurisdiction_n call_v sudy_a grodskie_n or_o courtmilitary_a the_o chief_a judge_n of_o this_o court_n be_v a_o captain_n he_o sit_v alone_o takes_z cognisance_n of_o rape_n burglary_n set_v house_n on_o fire_n robbery_n upon_o the_o highway_n etc._n etc._n nobleman_n not_o land_a be_v here_o also_o try_v and_o foreign_a merchant_n come_v to_o fair_n he_o have_v also_o power_n without_o any_o noise_n of_o law_n to_o condemn_v and_o punish_v idle_a vagabond_n thief_n proscribe_v person_n
people_n what_o the_o reader_n miss_v in_o the_o general_a description_n of_o norway_n may_v possible_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o follow_a one_o of_o island_n the_o prefecture_n of_o masterland_n this_o prefecture_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a peninsula_n and_o famous_a for_o its_o great_a trade_n in_o herring_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n this_o city_n with_o two_o more_o of_o less_o note_n congel_n and_o oddawald_n and_o the_o adjoin_a country_n be_v command_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o bahus_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o haquin_n iv_o king_n of_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1309_o upon_o a_o steep_a rock_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n trollet_n and_o be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a fort_n that_o king_n have_v in_o his_o dominion_n and_o a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o the_o daily_a assault_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o westro-goth_n the_o bishopric_n of_o anslo_n and_o staffenger_n with_o the_o province_n of_o aggerhuse_v anslo_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n opslo_n and_o by_o some_o latin_a writer_n asloa_n be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harold_n cotemporary_a with_o sueno_n esthritius_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o frequent_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o city_n here_o be_v hold_v the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o all_o norway_n wherein_o all_o cause_n and_o suit_n at_o law_n be_v hear_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o governor_n who_o act_v as_o viceroy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o cathedral_n be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n alward_n who_o take_v great_a pain_n in_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o norwegian_a heathen_n in_o this_o church_n be_v to_o be_v show_v the_o sword_n of_o haquin_n one_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n a_o signal_n testimony_n if_o the_o story_n they_o tell_v of_o it_o be_v true_a of_o the_o strength_n and_o admirable_a art_n of_o some_o norwegian_n of_o 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constant_o before_o any_o grand_a alteration_n in_o the_o state_n or_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n in_o this_o province_n beside_o the_o place_n already_o mention_v stand_v the_o city_n of_o tonsberg_n fridericstadt_n saltsburgh_n and_o scheen_n which_o have_v all_o a_o considerable_a trade_n from_o the_o copper_n and_o iron_n mine_n which_o hereabout_o be_v in_o great_a number_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v in_o this_o province_n that_o the_o silver_n mine_n mention_v before_o be_v first_o discover_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o of_o the_o adjoin_a hill_n be_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n to_o this_o day_n call_v silver-bergen_a or_o the_o mountain_n of_o silver_n to_o these_o mine_n and_o the_o lofty_a wood_n of_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n with_o which_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n owe_v the_o great_a part_n of_o if_o not_o all_o its_o trade_n the_o city_n of_o staffenger_n lie_v in_o 59_o degree_n some_o reckon_v 60_o and_o a_o great_a many_o odd_a minute_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o peninsuia_fw-la upon_o a_o great_a bay_n of_o the_o northern_a ocean_n full_a of_o small_a island_n and_o guard_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o doeswick_n which_o lie_v about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n in_o civil_a affair_n this_o city_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o bergenhusen_n though_o it_o have_v its_o own_o peculiar_a bishop_n constant_o reside_v in_o the_o town_n the_o whole_a bishopric_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o several_a district_n of_o stavangersteen_n dalarne_n jaren_n listerleen_n mandalsleen_n nedenesleen_n and_o abygdelag_n thomas_n conrade_n hvegner_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n in_o the_o year_n 1641_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a number_n of_o runic_a inscription_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o his_o diocese_n some_o of_o which_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n who_o further_o inform_v we_o that_o this_o conrad_n predecessor_n who_o name_n he_o omit_v write_v a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o city_n and_o bishopric_n beyond_o the_o bay_n appear_v the_o island_n schutenes_n three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o scarce_o half_a a_o one_o in_o breadth_n between_o this_o island_n which_o have_v in_o it_o several_a considerable_a village_n and_o the_o continent_n run_v up_o a_o narrow_a frith_n to_o bergen_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n to_o liedt_n van_fw-mi berghen_fw-mi to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o staffenger_n belong_v the_o province_n of_o tillemarch_n or_o thylemarch_n which_o give_v procopius_n the_o first_o ground_n for_o that_o assertion_n of_o he_o which_o he_o defend_v with_o so_o great_a vehemency_n viz._n that_o scandinavia_n take_v in_o its_o large_a extent_n of_o which_o thylemarch_n be_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a part_n be_v the_o ancient_a thule_n the_o parish_n of_o hollen_n in_o this_o province_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o a_o churchyard_n or_o bury_v place_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n which_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o great_a high_a rock_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n vear_n upon_o the_o lake_n nordsee_n half_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o scheen_n wormius_n think_v it_o be_v former_o a_o heathenish_a temple_n but_o convert_v to_o christian_a use_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o berghen_n this_o bishopric_n the_o most_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a part_n of_o all_o norway_n lie_v to_o the_o north_n of_o aggerhusen_n in_o the_o middle_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o fair_a and_o noble_a emporium_n or_o mart-town_n of_o berghen_n or_o else_o from_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o berghenhusen_n the_o usual_a seat_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o norway_n at_o a_o small_a distance_n from_o berghen_n northward_o berghen_n a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a seaport_n town_n mention_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n and_o pliny_n be_v the_o granary_n and_o magazine_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o norway_n it_o lie_v distant_a from_o bahusen_n about_o a_o hundred_o german_a mile_n by_o sea_n and_o sixty_o by_o land_n from_o truntheim_n as_o many_o from_o schagen_n the_o outmost_a promontory_n of_o jutland_n almost_o eighty_o some_o have_v fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o norwegian_a verb_n bergen_n which_o signify_v to_o hide_v or_o conceal_v because_o the_o haven_n be_v surround_v with_o hill_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sculking-place_n for_o ship_n where_o vesfel_n of_o two_o hundred_o tun_n and_o upward_o ride_v in_o a_o spacious_a and_o most_o secure_a harbour_n free_a from_o all_o danger_n of_o wind_n and_o weather_n but_o we_o need_v not_o trouble_v ourselves_o any_o further_a for_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n then_o to_o consider_v that_o berghen_n in_o the_o norwegian_a language_n signify_v mountain_n and_o berghenhusen_a a_o company_n of_o house_n among_o the_o hill_n the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n be_v exceed_o mean_a and_o contemptible_a most_o of_o they_o of_o wood_n cover_v with_o green_a turf_n and_o therefore_o frequent_o burn_v down_o but_o of_o late_a the_o hamburgher_n lubecker_n hollander_n and_o other_o that_o trade_n this_o way_n have_v beautify_v the_o town_n with_o a_o exchange_n and_o a_o great_a many_o private_a house_n of_o credit_n the_o most_o peculiar_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n lie_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o stockfish_n catch_v upon_o these_o coast_n and_o thence_o call_v usual_o by_o the_o norway_n merchant_n berghenvisch_n this_o the_o fisherman_n take_v in_o winter_n common_o in_o january_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o dry_v it_o in_o the_o cold_a and_o sharp_a air_n beside_o hither_o fur_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o vast_a quantity_n of_o dry_a
part_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o these_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a form_n until_o the_o frank_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o introduce_v new_a mode_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o government_n everywhere_o for_o these_o conqueror_n imitate_v the_o roman_n reduce_v all_o germany_n into_o province_n over_o which_o they_o appoint_v so_o many_o duke_n who_o have_v authority_n to_o govern_v and_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o respective_a commission_n to_o these_o duke_n they_o sometime_o add_v assistant_n who_o be_v from_o their_o office_n which_o be_v to_o aid_v the_o duke_n in_o the_o management_n of_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n call_v count_n or_o comites_fw-la the_o duke_n be_v always_o elect_v by_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n out_o of_o some_o illustrious_a family_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o decease_a duke_n son_n be_v capable_a and_o worthy_a of_o his_o father_n honour_n he_o be_v seldom_o reject_v at_o last_o the_o power_n of_o these_o duke_n grow_v exceed_o great_a and_o terrible_a insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o several_a of_o they_o to_o deny_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n which_o when_o charles_n the_o great_a observe_v he_o destroy_v the_o two_o great_a dukedom_n of_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n aquitane_n and_o bavaria_n by_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a small_a county_n but_o not_o long_o after_o charles_n death_n the_o emperor_n create_v new_a duke_n in_o most_o place_n where_o he_o have_v change_v they_o into_o count_n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o the_o former_a strait_n every_o duke_n pretend_v to_o and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o own_o province_n the_o first_o of_o these_o that_o grow_v formidable_o potent_a be_v otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o elect_a emperor_n who_o though_o he_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a diadem_n and_o get_v it_o confer_v on_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n in_o his_o time_n after_o otho_n death_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n use_v all_o mean_n possible_a to_o reduce_v the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o some_o tolerable_a mediocrity_n but_o his_o endeavour_n prove_v unsuccessful_a and_o duke_n henry_n stout_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n which_o his_o father_n otho_n have_v enjoy_v without_o disturbance_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n lay_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o create_v new_a duke_n who_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o several_a potent_a city_n set_v up_o for_o almost_o absolute_a prince_n our_o learned_a antiquary_n mr._n selden_n reckon_v up_o six_o several_a sort_n of_o grave_n or_o count_n which_o be_v these_o 1._o schlechtgraven_a or_o simple_a count_n 2._o count_n palatine_a which_o as_o will_v be_v show_v anon_o be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a other_o branch_n 3._o count_n of_o the_o empire_n 4._o marck-grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o frontier_n 5._o landtgrave_n or_o count_n of_o province_n 6._o burggrave_n or_o count_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o seven_o sort_n here-graven_a who_o answer_v exact_o to_o the_o primitive_a duke_n or_o hertzogen_a for_o as_o the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v to_o conduct_v and_o govern_v the_o soldier_n so_o the_o other_o be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n as_o field-judge_n the_o gefurstete_n graven_n do_v not_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o such_o count_n as_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a title_n may_v challenge_v that_o of_o first_fw-ge or_o prince_n in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n we_o meet_v with_o almost_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o inferior_a officer_n who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o graven_n bestow_v on_o they_o such_o be_v 1._o centgrave_a he_o that_o have_v the_o government_n of_o a_o hundred_o we_o may_v english_a the_o word_n high-constable_n 2._o holtz-grave_a or_o wald-grave_a overseer_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o forest_n 3._o gograf_n of_o which_o before_o 4._o spiel-grave_a the_o master_n of_o the_o revel_n 5._o hans-grave_a a_o title_n former_o give_v to_o the_o chief_a judge_n in_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o trade_n debate_v in_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n but_o we_o shall_v not_o weary_v the_o reader_n with_o insist_v upon_o these_o obsolete_a title_n of_o honour_n content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o six_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v all_o our_o famous_a antiquary_n beforemention_v have_v think_v worthy_a his_o take_a notice_n of_o the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o be_v style_v bare_o count_n schlechtgraven_v schlechtgraven_v without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o more_o than_o the_o place_n which_o give_v they_o that_o title_n as_o der_n graf_n von_fw-mi eissenburg_n der_n graf_n von_fw-mi ortenberg_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v former_o only_a four_o of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o be_v ordinary_o call_v die_n vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n i._n e._n the_o four_o grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n these_o be_v the_o count_n of_o cleve_n schwartzenburg_n ciley_n and_o savoy_n but_o since_o the_o count_n of_o cleve_n and_o savoy_n be_v advance_v to_o duke_n and_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o ciley_n be_v extinct_a which_o happen_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n in_o thuringen_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o bear_v that_o title_n still_v himself_o usual_o to_o this_o day_n der_fw-mi vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n reichs_n grave_a zu_fw-ge schwartzenburg_n i._n e._n of_o the_o four_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n beside_o he_o there_o be_v nowadays_o several_a other_o german_a count_n who_o may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o head_n though_o they_o have_v no_o investiture_n into_o any_o graffschaft_n or_o county_n but_o be_v only_o style_v count_n of_o some_o small_a castle_n or_o inconsiderable_a territory_n of_o which_o they_o be_v lord_n such_o be_v the_o count_n of_o ottingen_n and_o zollern_n who_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o posterity_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o thence_o retain_v the_o title_n though_o not_o the_o grandeur_n and_o power_n of_o their_o ancestor_n count_n palatine_n call_v by_o the_o german_n pfaltzgraven_a palatine_a count_n palatine_a or_o dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n hoffe-graven_a be_v such_o as_o have_v in_o their_o title_n a_o certain_a eminence_n of_o their_o dignity_n from_o a_o relation_n as_o their_o name_n denote_v to_o the_o emperor_n court_n or_o palace_n for_o palatinus_n be_v but_o the_o possessive_a of_o palatium_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o household_n with_o we_o in_o england_n but_o this_o title_n be_v twofold_a 1._o original_o feudal_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o name_n of_o some_o territory_n or_o grafschaft_n with_o such_o jura_fw-la imperii_fw-la &_o majestatis_fw-la as_o other_o ordinary_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v not_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n 2._o mere_o personal_a without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o particular_a territory_n proper_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dignity_n both_o the_o title_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o late_a kind_n be_v original_o to_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n but_o the_o former_a though_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o the_o name_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la yet_o be_v in_o ordinary_a use_n as_o to_o the_o name_n and_o title_n only_o in_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o francic_a king_n long_o before_o their_o kingdom_n be_v change_v into_o a_o empire_n a_o chief_a officer_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o comes_fw-la palatii_fw-la or_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v a_o viceregency_n under_o the_o king_n in_o like_a sort_n as_o the_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la in_o the_o elder_a empire_n or_o the_o old_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n under_o our_o ancient_a king_n that_o be_v he_o have_v the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o cause_n that_o come_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_a audience_n i_o suppose_v the_o office_n of_o hofmeister_n use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o every_o german_a prince_n court_n be_v a_o relic_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o that_o come_v palatii_fw-la might_n easy_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la or_o hofmeister_n will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o shall_v consider_v the_o signification_n which_o the_o word_n come_v have_v among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o the_o usual_a compellation_n of_o
for_o some_o time_n inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o border_v on_o the_o euxin_n sea_n at_o last_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n into_o germany_n and_o give_v the_o name_n of_o sacasena_n afterward_o turn_v into_o saxonia_n to_o the_o country_n that_o here_o by_o their_o conquest_n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o strabo_n indeed_o say_v and_o we_o may_v believe_v he_o that_o the_o sacae_n do_v leave_v their_o ancient_a scythian_a seat_n and_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v well_o that_o ptolemy_n place_n his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d near_o that_o part_n of_o scythia_n whence_o these_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v sally_v out_o but_o that_o they_o ever_o pass_v the_o hercynean_a wood_n be_v one_o of_o goropius_n forgery_n and_o a_o story_n not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o strabo_n or_o any_o other_o author_n of_o credit_n i_o wonder_v most_o that_o mr._n cambden_n who_o be_v so_o great_a a_o master_n of_o our_o old_a english-saxon_a tongue_n shall_v not_o discern_v the_o absurdity_n of_o this_o etymology_n for_o in_o that_o language_n saex_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n signify_v a_o saxon_a as_o well_o as_o sachs_n to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a dialect_n and_o seax_n seaxna_fw-la and_o seaxena_fw-la as_o also_o the_o modern_a dutch_a word_n sachsen_n and_o sassen_n be_v plural_n now_o if_o seax_n and_o seaxen_a be_v only_o break_v remnant_n of_o sacson_n and_o sacsone_n we_o shall_v in_o all_o probability_n meet_v with_o the_o entire_a word_n in_o some_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a monument_n which_o can_v never_o yet_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o best_a of_o antiquary_n wherefore_o to_o omit_v other_o impertinence_n of_o this_o kind_n the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o name_n from_o a_o short_a kind_n of_o weapon_n call_v in_o their_o language_n seax_n different_a from_o what_o any_o other_o german_n wear_v and_o peculiar_a only_o to_o their_o own_o nation_n in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o conjecture_n some_o of_o our_o english_a historian_n give_v we_o a_o relation_n of_o a_o treacherous_a parley_n betwixt_o hengist_n the_o first_o saxon_n that_o land_v in_o britain_n and_o king_n vortigern_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o both_o party_n shall_v meet_v on_o salisbury-plain_a unarm_v but_o the_o saxon_n intend_v nothing_o but_o treachery_n carry_v private_o under_o their_o coat_n short_a dagger_n which_o upon_o the_o watchword_n nem_fw-la eowr_n seax_n or_o take_v your_o seax_n they_o immediate_o draw_v out_o these_o weapon_n and_o slay_v no_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o british_a nobility_n the_o like_a story_n and_o as_o equal_o true_a some_o of_o the_o german_a writer_n relate_v of_o a_o treacherous_a massacre_n commit_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n in_o thuringen_n pontanus_n urge_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o this_o etymology_n more_o home_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o saxony_n in_o its_o ancient_a arm_n bear_v two_o seax_n or_o hanger_n cross-way_n which_o say_v he_o be_v a_o undoubted_a proof_n of_o their_o first_o denomination_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o erkenwyn_n king_n of_o the_o east_n saxon_n give_v for_o his_o arm_n three_o short_a dagger_n argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n gules_a a_o since_o be_v still_o call_v saisen_v in_o the_o netherlands_o and_o scher-sax_n in_o the_o high_a dutch_a signify_v as_o much_o as_o ein_fw-mi messer_n damit_v man_n scheret_fw-la a_o razor_n wormius_n tell_v we_o that_o sages_n or_o saks_n in_o the_o runic_a dialect_n signify_v a_o sword_n or_o dagger_n who_o hilt_n and_o blade_n be_v almost_o of_o equal_a length_n nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o extraordinary_a for_o people_n to_o take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o weapon_n use_v by_o they_o in_o battle_n thus_o most_o learned_a man_n agree_v that_o the_o scythian_n have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o teutonic_n word_n scytan_n to_o shoot_v because_o they_o be_v excellent_a bowman_n the_o picard_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v first_o call_v by_o that_o name_n from_o pike_n a_o sort_n of_o weapon_n they_o best_o understand_v we_o may_v therefore_o venture_v to_o conclude_v with_o the_o latin_a rythm_n of_o the_o learned_a engelhus_o quip_n brevis_fw-la gladius_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la saxa_n voco_fw-la ind_n sibi_fw-la saxo_n nomen_fw-la traxisse_fw-la putatur_fw-la from_o the_o account_n which_o be_v give_v we_o of_o this_o people_n by_o zosimus_n marcellinus_n diaconus_fw-la man_v man_v and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o they_o be_v man_n of_o a_o vast_a bulk_n of_o body_n and_o proportionable_a strength_n the_o most_o renown_a warrior_n in_o germany_n and_o the_o most_o terrible_a enemy_n which_o the_o roman_n ever_o encounter_v mr._n cambden_n say_v they_o be_v such_o notorious_a pirate_n and_o most_o of_o they_o so_o accustom_a to_o live_v at_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v afraid_a to_o appear_v on_o dry_a land_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o relation_n which_o isidorus_n give_v of_o they_o gens_n saxonum_n say_v he_o myoparonibus_fw-la non_fw-la viribus_fw-la nituntur_fw-la fugae_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la bello_fw-la parati_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n and_o france_n as_o far_o as_o the_o border_n of_o spain_n the_o roman_n maintain_v continual_a stand_a regiment_n under_o the_o command_n of_o several_a general_n who_o from_o their_o commission_n and_o office_n which_o be_v to_o secure_v the_o inhabitant_n from_o the_o sudden_a and_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o the_o saxon_a pirate_n be_v style_v comites_fw-la litoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la per_fw-la britanniam_fw-la &_o galliam_n sidonius_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n give_v this_o character_n of_o a_o saxon_a pirate_n that_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n formidable_a beyond_o comparison_n one_o who_o frequent_a shipwreck_n recreate_v rather_o then_o terrify_v as_o be_v not_o only_o acquaint_v but_o grow_v familiar_a with_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o ocean_n etc._n etc._n their_o whole_a nation_n be_v govern_v by_o twelve_o of_o the_o chief_a noble_n in_o the_o land_n government_n government_n who_o be_v elect_v to_o that_o dignity_n by_o the_o commonalty_n in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o choose_v a_o king_n out_o of_o these_o twelve_o chief_a commander_n who_o execute_v regal_a authority_n over_o the_o rest_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n last_v but_o as_o soon_o as_o peace_n be_v conclude_v be_v degrade_v into_o his_o former_a quality_n this_o custom_n continue_v among_o they_o until_o the_o conclusion_n of_o their_o war_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a at_o which_o time_n wittikind_n a_o nobleman_n of_o angria_n in_o westphalia_n and_o one_o of_o their_o twelve_o ruler_n have_v the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o a_o king_n confer_v on_o he_o but_o when_o he_o be_v afterward_o conquer_v and_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o that_o emperor_n this_o fade_a title_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o more_o durable_a one_o of_o duke_n and_o his_o eleven_o companion_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o honourable_a title_n and_o dignity_n of_o earl_n and_o lord_n from_o who_o the_o great_a prince_n at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n derive_v their_o pedigree_n some_o have_v imagine_v that_o from_o this_o duodecemviral_n government_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n our_o modern_a way_n of_o judicature_n by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o juryman_n have_v its_o first_o original_n whether_o this_o opinion_n be_v whole_o allowable_a i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o dispute_v have_v say_v something_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o description_n of_o island_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o some_o of_o our_o english-saxon_a king_n this_o way_n of_o proceed_v be_v practise_v in_o the_o decision_n of_o most_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a for_o proof_n hereof_o i_o shall_v only_o quote_v a_o old_a law_n make_v in_o king_n ethelred_n time_n wherein_o cap._n 3._o de_fw-la pignore_fw-la ablato_fw-la it_o be_v enact_v that_o tÆ¿elf_n lahmen_fw-ge scylon_fw-mi rehte_n taecean_n Æ¿ealan_n and_o aenglan_n syx_n england_n &_o syx_n Æ¿ylisce_n þlien_n call_v þae_n hy_z ago_o give_v hi_o Æ¿oh_o taecen_n oþþe_a geladian_n high_a ê§_n hi_o bet_n ne_o cuþon_n i._n e._n all_o controversy_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a shall_v be_v determine_v by_o twelve_o man_n skilled_a in_o the_o law_n six_o of_o each_o nation_n who_o if_o they_o pass_v sentence_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n shall_v forfeit_v their_o whole_a estate_n except_o they_o shall_v excuse_v themselves_o by_o acknowledge_v their_o error_n and_o bewail_v their_o want_n of_o judgement_n in_o the_o case_n propose_v which_o penalty_n be_v near_o akin_a to_o the_o attainder_n to_o which_o our_o modern_a jury_n be_v liable_a when_o they_o bring_v in_o a_o false_a and_o corrupt_a verdict_n though_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o of_o the_o heathenish_a god_n worship_v in_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n irmenseul_n irmenseul_n and_o among_o the_o