then_o banish_v as_o also_o to_o sack_v the_o city_n promise_v that_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o army_n of_o spain_n do_v come_v into_o the_o florentine_a dominion_n the_o faction_n of_o medici_n will_v be_v ready_o arm_v to_o receive_v they_o but_o the_o spaniard_n be_v come_v find_v no_o force_n at_o all_o to_o join_v with_o they_o and_o therefore_o want_v victual_n offer_v composition_n the_o florentine_n find_v the_o enemy_n distress_v grow_v insolent_a and_o refuse_a peace_n whereof_o follow_v the_o loss_n of_o prato_n and_o many_o other_o inconvenience_n the_o like_a happen_v to_o they_o of_o tyre_n as_o before_o the_o denial_n or_o delay_n of_o justice_n desire_v in_o revenge_n of_o injury_n either_o public_a or_o private_o offer_v be_v a_o thing_n very_o dangerous_a to_o every_o prince_n or_o other_o state_n for_o that_o the_o party_n injure_v do_v oft_o by_o indirect_a mean_n though_o with_o hazard_n of_o his_o country_n and_o himself_o seek_v satisfaction_n example_n the_o complaint_n which_o the_o galli_n make_v against_o the_o fabii_n who_o send_v ambassador_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o tossani_n not_o be_v hear_v nor_o any_o punishment_n inflict_v upon_o they_o for_o fight_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o galli_n be_v offend_v with_o the_o state_n whereof_o follow_v the_o sack_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o delay_n of_o justice_n in_o philip_n of_o macedon_n for_o not_o revenge_v the_o incestuous_a oppression_n of_o attalus_n to_o pausanias_n be_v the_o motive_n to_o murder_v that_o king_n whoso_o endeavour_n the_o alteration_n of_o any_o state_n must_v of_o necessity_n proceed_v with_o all_o severity_n and_o leave_v some_o memorable_a example_n to_o those_o that_o shall_v impunge_v the_o ordinance_n of_o government_n new_o settle_v example_n when_o junius_n brutus_n have_v by_o his_o great_a valour_n banish_v the_o tarquin_n and_o swear_v the_o people_n that_o no_o king_n shall_v ever_o reign_v in_o rome_n within_o short_a time_n after_o many_o young_a noble_n among_o who_o be_v brutus_n son_n impatient_a of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o new_a government_n conspire_v to_o recall_v the_o tarquin_n but_o brutus_n thereof_o inform_v cause_v his_o own_o son_n not_o only_o to_o be_v condemn_v to_o death_n but_o be_v himself_o present_a at_o the_o execution_n as_o health_n and_o soundness_n of_o the_o hand_n leg_n and_o other_o outward_a member_n can_v continue_v life_n unless_o the_o heart_n and_o vital_a spirit_n within_o be_v strong_a and_o firm_a so_o fortification_n and_o frontier-defence_n do_v not_o prevail_v unless_o the_o whole_a corpse_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o people_n be_v well_o arm_v example_n when_o the_o emperor_n come_v into_o â—talâ—_z and_o have_v with_o some_o difficulty_n past_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o venetian_n welnear_o without_o resistance_n his_o army_n march_v to_o venice_n and_o may_v doubtless_o have_v possess_v the_o city_n have_v it_o not_o be_v defend_v with_o water_n likewise_o the_o english_a in_o their_o assault_n of_o france_n except_v a_o few_o encounter_n on_o the_o frontier_n find_v no_o puissant_a resistance_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o anno_fw-la 1513_o they_o force_v all_o that_o state_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o tremble_v as_o oft_o before_o they_o have_v do_v but_o contrariwise_o the_o roman_n know_v that_o life_n lie_v in_o the_o heart_n ever_o hold_v the_o body_n of_o their_o state_n strong_a for_o the_o near_o the_o enemy_n approach_v rome_n the_o better_a they_o find_v the_o country_n arm_a and_o defend_v the_o desire_n to_o command_v sovereign_o be_v of_o so_o great_a force_n as_o do_v not_o only_o work_v in_o those_o that_o be_v in_o expectation_n of_o principality_n but_o also_o in_o they_o that_o have_v no_o title_n at_o all_o example_n this_o appetite_n move_v the_o wife_n of_o taâ—quinius_n priscus_n contrary_a to_o all_o natural_a duty_n to_o incite_v her_o husband_n to_o murder_v she_o own_o father_n servius_n and_o possess_v his_o kingdom_n as_o bâ—ing_v persuade_v it_o be_v much_o more_o honourable_a to_o be_v a_o queen_n then_o to_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o a_o king_n the_o violation_n of_o ancient_a law_n order_n and_o custom_n under_o which_o people_n have_v long_a time_n live_v be_v the_o chief_a anâ—_z only_a cause_n whereby_o prince_n hazard_v their_o estate_n and_o royal_a dignity_n example_n albeit_o the_o deflower_n of_o lucrece_n be_v the_o occasion_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o the_o cause_n that_o move_v the_o â—omans_n to_o take_v arm_n against_o tarquin_n for_o he_o hâ—ving_v before_o that_o fact_n of_o sexâ—us_n his_o son_n govern_v tyrannical_o and_o take_v from_o the_o senate_n all_o authority_n be_v become_v odious_a both_o to_o the_o senate_n nobility_n and_o people_n who_o find_v themselves_o well_o govern_v never_o seek_v or_o wish_v any_o other_o liberty_n or_o alteration_n a_o prince_n that_o desire_v to_o live_v secure_a from_o conspiracy_n have_v cause_n rather_o to_o fear_v those_o on_o who_o he_o have_v bestow_v over_o great_a riches_n and_o honour_n than_o those_o who_o he_o have_v great_o injure_v because_o they_o want_v mean_n to_o offend_v the_o other_o have_v many_o opportunity_n to_o do_v it_o example_n perennius_fw-la the_o prime_a favourite_n of_o â—ommodus_fw-la the_o emperor_n conspire_v his_o deathâ—plantianus_fw-la do_v the_o like_a to_o sâ—verus_n and_o sâ—janus_n to_o tiberius_n for_o be_v advance_v to_o so_o great_a honour_n riches_n and_o office_n as_o nothing_o remain_v desirable_a but_o the_o imperial_a title_n they_o conspire_v against_o the_o person_n of_o their_o sovereign_n in_o hope_n of_o the_o dignity_n but_o in_o the_o end_n they_o endure_v that_o punishment_n which_o to_o such_o disloyalty_n and_o ingratitude_n appertain_v a_o army_n which_o want_v experience_n albeit_o the_o captain_n be_v expert_a be_v not_o great_o to_o be_v fearedâ—_z neither_o ought_v a_o army_n of_o well_o train_a soldier_n to_o be_v much_o esteem_v who_o captain_n be_v ignorant_a example_n caesar_n go_v into_o africa_n against_o afranius_n and_o petraeus_n who_o army_n be_v full_a of_o old_a soldier_n say_v he_o fear_v they_o little_a quia_fw-la ibat_fw-la ad_fw-la exercitum_fw-la sine_fw-la duce_fw-la contrariwise_o when_o he_o go_v to_o pâ—arsalia_n to_o encounter_v pompey_n he_o say_v ibo_fw-la ad_fw-la duceâ—_z sine_fw-la exercitu_fw-la a_o captain-general_n command_v a_o army_n ought_v rather_o to_o govern_v with_o courtesy_n and_o mildness_n then_o with_o overmuch_o austerity_n and_o severity_n example_n q._n and_o appius_n claudius_n be_v consul_n be_v appoint_v to_o govern_v the_o war_n to_o q._n be_v allot_v one_o army_n which_o serve_v very_o dutiful_o but_o appius_n command_v the_o other_o with_o great_a cruelty_n be_v by_o his_o soldier_n unwilling_o obey_v nevertheless_o tacitus_n seem_v of_o contrary_a opinion_n say_v plus_fw-la poena_fw-la quam_fw-la obsequium_fw-la valâ—t_fw-la therefore_o to_o reconcile_v these_o different_a conceit_n i_o say_v that_o a_o general_n have_v power_n to_o command_v man_n either_o they_o be_v confederate_n or_o subject_n if_o confederate_n or_o voluntary_n he_o may_v not_o proceed_v to_o eâ—tream_a punishment_n if_o subject_n and_o his_o power_n absolute_a they_o may_v be_v govern_v otherwiseâ—_z yet_o with_o such_o respect_n as_o the_o insolence_n of_o the_o general_n enforce_v not_o the_o soldier_n to_o hate_v he_o honour_n may_v sometime_o be_v get_v as_o well_o by_o the_o loss_n as_o gain_v of_o victory_n every_o man_n know_v glory_n be_v due_a to_o the_o victor_n and_o we_o deny_v not_o the_o same_o privilege_n to_o the_o vanquish_a be_v able_a to_o make_v proof_n that_o the_o loss_n proceed_v not_o from_o his_o default_n neither_o be_v it_o dishonourable_a to_o violate_v those_o promise_n whereto_o the_o necessity_n or_o disadvantage_n of_o war_n enforce_v and_o force_a promise_n which_o concern_v a_o whole_a state_n be_v not_o bind_v and_o rare_o or_o never_o keep_v nor_o be_v the_o breaker_n thereby_o to_o receive_v disgrace_n example_n posthumus_n the_o consul_n have_v make_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o samnite_n be_v by_o they_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n send_v home_o disarm_v be_v arrive_v at_o rome_n the_o consul_n inform_v the_o people_n they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o perform_v the_o base_a condition_n he_o be_v compel_v to_o yield_v unto_o albeit_o he_o and_o those_o few_o that_o promise_v be_v bind_v to_o perform_v they_o the_o senate_n thereupon_o conclude_v to_o send_v he_o prisoner_n to_o samno_fw-la where_o he_o constant_o protest_v the_o fault_n to_o be_v only_o his_o own_o wherefore_o the_o people_n by_o that_o peace_n incur_v no_o dishonour_n at_o all_o and_o fortune_n so_o much_o favour_a posthumus_n as_o the_o samnite_n be_v content_a present_o to_o return_v he_o to_o rome_n where_o he_o become_v more_o glorious_a for_o lose_v the_o victory_n then_o be_v pontius_n at_o samno_fw-la for_o have_v win_v the_o victory_n wise_a man_n have_v long_a observedâ—_z that_o who_o so_o will_v
kindle_v hate_n and_o to_o meet_v with_o that_o mischief_n nothing_o be_v better_a than_o to_o proceed_v moderate_o and_o without_o extremity_n ne_fw-fr boves_fw-la ipsos_fw-la mox_fw-la agros_fw-la postremò_fw-la corpora_fw-la servitio_fw-la aut_fw-la poenae_fw-la tradant_fw-la tac._n the_o four_o remedy_n be_v the_o prince_n own_o parsimony_n not_o give_v so_o large_o to_o private_a person_n as_o thereby_o to_o be_v force_v to_o take_v from_o the_o multitude_n magnae_fw-la opes_fw-la noâ—_z tam_fw-la multa_fw-la capiendo_fw-la quam_fw-la haud_fw-la multa_fw-la perdendo_fw-la quaeruntâ—r_n maecaenasâ—_z the_o last_o help_n against_o hate_n be_v in_o taxation_n to_o proceed_v equal_o indifferent_o and_o without_o favour_n or_o respect_n and_o that_o the_o assessor_n of_o tax_n may_v be_v elect_v of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n populus_fw-la maximam_fw-la fidem_fw-la rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la habâ—t_fw-la tac._n touch_v censure_n which_o we_o number_v among_o the_o cause_n whereof_o hate_n be_v conceive_v much_o need_v not_o to_o be_v speak_v because_o the_o same_o be_v discontinuedâ—_z or_o rather_o utter_o forget_v yet_o do_v it_o seem_v a_o thing_n necessary_a be_v a_o certain_a observation_n and_o controlment_n of_o such_o evil_a manner_n and_o disorder_n as_o be_v not_o by_o law_n corrigible_a these_o officer_n be_v of_o the_o roman_n call_v magistri_fw-la pudoris_fw-la et_fw-la modâ—stiae_fw-la livi._n to_o the_o function_n of_o censure_n these_o two_o thing_n be_v ancient_o subject_a manner_n and_o excess_n under_o manner_n i_o comprehend_v wantonness_n drunkenness_n dice_v brawl_v perjury_n and_o all_o such_o lewdness_n as_o modesty_n condemn_v these_o disorder_n be_v ancient_o punish_v by_o the_o discretion_n of_o censor_n in_o all_o age_n and_o sex_n to_o the_o end_n that_o idleness_n may_v be_v general_o avoid_v vniversa_fw-la plebs_fw-la habeat_fw-la negâ—tia_fw-la sua_fw-la quibus_fw-la à malâ—_z publico_fw-la detineatur_fw-la sallust_n excess_n include_v riotousness_n expense_n of_o money_n prodigal_a housekeeping_n banquet_n and_o superfluity_n in_o apparel_n which_o thing_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o many_o mischief_n it_o also_o seem_v in_o some_o sort_n perilous_a to_o the_o prince_n that_o the_o subject_n shall_v exceed_v either_o in_o covetise_n or_o consume_v nemo_fw-la nimis_fw-la excedat_fw-la sive_fw-la amicorum_fw-la copiâ_fw-la sine_fw-la opum_fw-la arist._n the_o punishment_n inflict_v upon_o these_o sort_n of_o offender_n be_v either_o ignomâ—ny_n or_o pecuniary_a punishment_n censoris_fw-la judicium_fw-la dâ—mnato_fw-la nihil_fw-la affert_fw-la nisâ—_z ruborem_fw-la tac._n the_o first_o and_o chief_a mean_n to_o remove_v these_o inconvenience_n be_v the_o prince_n own_o example_n who_o life_n be_v well_o censure_v easy_o reduce_v other_o to_o order_v â—ita_fw-la principis_fw-la censura_fw-la perpetuâ—_z plin._n second_o those_o disorder_n may_v be_v take_v away_o without_o danger_n if_o the_o censure_n do_v proceed_v by_o degree_n and_o leisurely_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n may_v not_o sudden_o be_v alteredâ—vitia_n quaedam_fw-la tolâ—it_fw-la facilius_fw-la princeps_fw-la si_fw-la eorum_fw-la sit_fw-la pâ—_z tiâ—nâ—_z sen._n these_o be_v the_o chief_a rule_n whereby_o to_o eschew_v hate_n but_o impossible_a it_o be_v for_o any_o prince_n or_o minister_n utter_o to_o avoid_v it_o for_o be_v himself_o good_a he_o incur_v the_o offence_n of_o all_o bad_a folk_n if_o he_o be_v evil_a good_a man_n will_v hate_v he_o this_o danger_n therefore_o wise_a and_o virtuous_a prince_n have_v little_o regard_v because_o hate_n may_v be_v gain_v as_o well_o by_o good_a as_o evil_o do_v odia_fw-la qui_fw-la nimium_fw-la timet_fw-la regnare_fw-la nescit_fw-la sen._n one_o other_o mean_n to_o remove_v this_o error_n be_v to_o reward_v the_o good_a and_o well_o deserve_a subject_n for_o no_o man_n can_v think_v he_o cruel_a that_o for_o love_n to_o virtue_n use_v austerity_n which_o will_v appear_v when_o he_o bestow_v bountifâ—lly_o on_o the_o good_a praemio_fw-la et_fw-la â—oena_fw-la respublica_fw-la continetur_fw-la solon_n the_o other_o vice_n which_o indanger_v the_o state_n of_o prince_n we_o call_v contempt_n be_v a_o certain_a base_a and_o vile_a conceit_n which_o enter_v into_o the_o subject_n stranger_n or_o servant_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o proceed_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o king_n may_v be_v resemble_v to_o the_o power_n of_o man_n mind_n whereunto_o the_o hand_n the_o foot_n the_o eye_n do_v by_o consent_n obey_v vires_fw-la imperii_fw-la in_fw-la consensu_fw-la obedientium_fw-la sunt_fw-la livi._n the_o cause_n of_o contempt_n do_v proceed_v chief_o from_o the_o form_n of_o government_n fortune_n or_o the_o prince_n manner_n the_o form_n of_o government_n become_v contemptible_a when_o the_o prince_n desire_v to_o be_v think_v merciful_a rule_v rather_o pitiful_o then_o just_o which_o manner_n of_o proceed_v take_v away_o all_o reverence_n in_o the_o people_n and_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o enter_v liberty_n or_o at_o least_o a_o certain_a boldness_n to_o offend_v facultas_fw-la faciendi_fw-la quod_fw-la cuilibet_fw-la visum_fw-la non_fw-la pâ—test_fw-la comprimere_fw-la ingenitam_fw-la siâ—gulis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la pravitatem_fw-la tac._n also_o to_o be_v mutable_a irresolute_a light_a and_o inconsiderate_a in_o bestow_v the_o honour_n and_o office_n of_o state_n make_v the_o prince_n contemptible_a qui_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la fruitur_fw-la nec_fw-la in_fw-la longiâ—s_fw-la consultatâ—_z arist._n but_o if_o contempt_n be_v cause_v by_o fortune_n or_o as_o may_v be_v say_v more_o reasonable_o by_o destiny_n and_o that_o those_o friâ—nds_n do_v fail_v who_o ought_v in_o duty_n to_o defend_v the_o prince_n and_o his_o authority_n than_o be_v there_o small_a hope_n to_o eschew_v contempt_n fato_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la virtus_fw-la plâ—ut_fw-la the_o prince_n manner_n do_v breed_v contempt_n when_o he_o yield_v his_o affection_n to_o sensuality_n and_o sloth_n or_o if_o he_o incur_v the_o suspicion_n of_o simplicity_n cowardice_n or_o any_o such_o vice_n unworthy_a the_o dignity_n he_o bearethâ—_z common_a people_n do_v sometime_o also_o disesteem_v the_o prince_n for_o external_a and_o light_a cause_n as_o deformity_n of_o person_n sickness_n or_o such_o like_a mos_fw-la vulgi_fw-la est_fw-la fortuita_fw-la et_fw-la externa_fw-la ad_fw-la culpam_fw-la traheâ—e_n tac._n chap._n xx_o of_o diffidence_n and_o dissimulation_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o state_n affair_n albeit_o roundness_n and_o plain_a deal_n be_v most_o worthy_a praise_n chief_o in_o private_a person_n yet_o because_o all_o man_n in_o their_o action_n do_v not_o so_o proceed_v it_o behoove_v wise_a man_n and_o prince_n above_o other_o at_o occasion_n to_o semble_fw-fr and_o dissemble_v for_o as_o in_o all_o action_n a_o prince_n ought_v to_o be_v slow_a and_o advise_v so_o in_o consent_n and_o believe_v haste_n and_o facility_n be_v most_o dangerous_a and_o though_o credulity_n be_v rather_o a_o error_n than_o a_o fault_n yet_o for_o prince_n it_o be_v both_o unfit_a and_o perilous_a wherefore_o it_o import_v they_o to_o be_v defend_v with_o this_o caution_n nihil_fw-la credendo_fw-la atque_fw-la omnia_fw-la cauâ—ndo_fw-la ciâ—_z notwithstanding_o he_o must_v not_o show_v himself_o diffident_a or_o distrustful_a utter_o but_o as_o i_o wish_v he_o shall_v not_o over-slight_o believe_v all_o man_n so_o ought_v he_o not_o for_o small_a cause_n distrust_v every_o man_n multi_fw-la fallerâ—_z dâ—cuerunt_fw-la dum_fw-la timent_fw-la falli_fw-la sen._n dissimulation_n be_v as_o it_o be_v beget_v by_o diffidence_n a_o quality_n in_o prince_n of_o so_o great_a necessity_n as_o move_v the_o emperor_n tiberiâ—â—_z to_o say_v nescit_fw-la regnare_fw-la qui_fw-la nescit_fw-la dissimâ—lare_fw-la the_o necessity_n of_o dissimulation_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v uâ—ed_v with_o stranger_n and_o enemy_n it_o also_o show_v a_o certain_a diâ—cretion_n in_o magistrate_n sometime_o to_o disguise_n with_o friend_n when_o no_o offence_n do_v thereof_o follow_v doâ—i_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la dâ—li_fw-la nisi_fw-la astâ—_z colas_fw-la plaut._n this_o kind_n of_o crafâ—_z albeit_o in_fw-la every_o man_n conceit_n not_o praisable_a be_v nevertheless_o tolerable_a and_o for_o prince_n and_o magistrate_n the_o same_o be_v â—sed_v to_o good_a end_n very_o necessary_a but_o those_o cunning_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o virtue_n ought_v not_o of_o honest_a man_n to_o be_v use_v neither_o dare_v i_o commend_v adulation_n and_o corruption_n though_o they_o be_v often_o use_v in_o court_n and_o be_v of_o some_o learned_a writer_n allow_v decipere_fw-la pro_fw-la moribus_fw-la temporum_fw-la prudentia_fw-la est_fw-la plin._n by_o great_a subtlety_n and_o fraud_n contrary_a to_o virtue_n and_o piety_n i_o mean_v perjury_n and_o injustice_n which_o though_o all_o man_n in_o word_n detest_v yet_o in_o deed_n be_v use_v of_o many_o persuade_v themselves_o by_o cavillation_n and_o sophistication_n to_o excuse_v the_o impiety_n oâ—_z their_o false_a oath_n as_o it_o be_v write_v of_o lysander_n pueros_fw-la â—â—lis_fw-la viros_fw-la juramentis_fw-la circumvenire_fw-la solebat_fw-la plut._n chap._n xxi_o of_o war_n defensive_a and_o invasive_a with_o instruction_n touch_v law_n of_o arm_n soldier_n and_o military_a discipline_n the_o art_n military_a be_v of_o all_o other_o
to_o make_v triumph_n and_o public_a feast_n but_o in_o late_a time_n the_o war_n have_v use_v first_o to_o consume_v the_o treasure_n and_o after_o impoverish_v the_o people_n without_o assure_v they_o from_o their_o enemy_n a_o prince_n or_o state_n that_o leave_v promise_n unperformed_a by_o reason_n of_o unexpected_a impediment_n and_o for_o no_o ill_a intent_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v neither_o be_v such_o accident_n any_o just_a cause_n or_o colour_n why_o friend_n shall_v abandon_v their_o confederate_n where_o magistrate_n govern_v just_o subject_n obey_v dutiful_o where_o private_a person_n grow_v rich_a and_o prince_n enlarge_v their_o empire_n there_o be_v the_o commonwealth_n bless_a and_o the_o people_n fortunate_a chap._n xxvi_o maxim_n â—f_fw-mi state_n or_o prudential_a ground_n and_o polemical_a precept_n concerning_o all_o estate_n and_o form_n of_o policy_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n etc._n etc._n confirm_v by_o select_a naration_n and_o historical_a parallel_n all_o city_n and_o town_n of_o state_n be_v bâ—ilded_v either_o by_o people_n dwell_v in_o or_o about_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v build_v or_o else_o they_o be_v make_v by_o stranger_n of_o the_o first_o be_v athens_n and_o venice_n of_o the_o other_o alexandria_n and_o florence_n the_o fortune_n of_o every_o city_n build_v and_o virtue_n of_o the_o builder_n appear_v by_o choice_n of_o the_o place_n and_o quality_n of_o law_n for_o as_o fertile_a place_n occasion_n man_n to_o be_v slothful_a unless_o by_o good_a law_n they_o be_v force_v to_o labour_v so_o barrenness_n compel_v they_o to_o industry_n which_o reason_n induce_v wise_a man_n to_o plant_v habitation_n in_o either_o example_n of_o the_o first_o be_v ferrara_n and_o rome_n of_o the_o second_o ragusâ—_n and_o genoa_n all_o law_n whereby_o commonwealth_n be_v govern_v be_v either_o make_v by_o some_o one_o excellent_a man_n and_o at_o a_o instant_n or_o else_o they_o be_v ordain_v at_o sundry_a time_n according_a to_o such_o accident_n as_o befall_v example_n the_o law_n of_o sparta_n make_v at_o the_o beginning_n lycurguâ—_z the_o law_n of_o rome_n at_o sundry_a time_n the_o government_n of_o every_o city_n in_o time_n become_v corrupt_a principality_n change_v into_o tyranny_n the_o optimacy_n be_v make_v the_o government_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o popular_a estate_n turn_v to_o licentious_a disorder_n which_o instability_n or_o alteration_n move_v some_o lawmaker_n to_o take_v order_n that_o in_o the_o government_n of_o their_o city_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o mixture_n of_o all_o three_o and_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o policy_n of_o sparta_n continue_v â—00_n year_n when_o the_o popular_a state_n of_o athens_n endure_v not_o one_o hundred_o example_n the_o law_n of_o sparta_n make_v by_o lycurgus_n and_o the_o law_n of_o athens_n by_o sâ—lon_n whoso_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o frame_v any_o state_n or_o government_n aught_o to_o presuppose_v that_o all_o man_n be_v evil_a and_o at_o occasion_n will_v show_v themselves_o so_o to_o be_v example_n the_o envy_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n to_o the_o noble_n and_o their_o insolency_n towards_o they_o appear_v not_o so_o long_o as_o the_o king_n govern_v but_o the_o tarquin_n be_v banish_v opportunity_n be_v thereby_o offer_v that_o the_o malice_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o become_v discover_v the_o divers_a honour_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n the_o one_o desire_v to_o command_v the_o other_o not_o to_o obey_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o continual_a trouble_n unless_o some_o three_o mean_a there_o be_v of_o more_o authority_n then_o either_o to_o bridle_v the_o force_n of_o both_o example_n the_o king_n in_o româ—_n expulse_v forthwith_o arise_v much_o mutiny_n and_o can_v not_o be_v suppress_v till_o the_o tribum_fw-la plebis_fw-la be_v create_v who_o authority_n wrought_v the_o same_o effect_n which_o the_o king_n have_v do_v some_o state_n endeavour_v to_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n and_o some_o other_o labour_v only_o to_o maintain_v that_o estate_n they_o ancient_o possess_v example_n of_o the_o first_o be_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n of_o the_o second_o sparta_n all_o state_n desire_v to_o live_v at_o liberty_n think_v fit_a that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o accuse_v any_o citizen_n that_o offend_v which_o manner_n of_o proceed_v work_n two_o excellent_a effect_n first_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v not_o dare_v for_o fear_n of_o accuse_v to_o attempt_v aught_o against_o the_o state_n or_o if_o they_o do_v they_o shall_v be_v present_o and_o without_o respect_n punish_v second_o by_o liberty_n of_o accuse_v every_o man_n have_v mean_n to_o utter_v the_o offence_n wherewith_o he_o can_v charge_v other_o which_o he_o can_v not_o unless_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o take_v such_o a_o ordinary_a course_n and_o consequent_o be_v drive_v to_o way_n extraordinary_a particular_a revenge_n or_o callingin_n foreign_a force_n example_n coriolanus_n and_o appius_n claudius_n at_o rome_n lucannone_o at_o chinsi_fw-fr francisco_n valeri_n in_o florence_n a_o accusation_n be_v in_o every_o state_n necessary_a so_o slander_n be_v dangerous_a and_o worthy_a of_o punishment_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o accusation_n and_o slander_n be_v that_o the_o one_o be_v public_o perform_v before_o magistrate_n with_o good_a proof_n and_o witness_n to_o maintain_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o accusation_n but_o slander_n be_v as_o well_o public_o perform_v as_o disperse_v in_o secret_a and_o place_n of_o repair_n without_o witness_n and_o justification_n so_o as_o every_o man_n may_v be_v slander_v but_o few_o be_v orderly_o accuse_v example_n appius_n claudius_n accuse_v by_o l._n virginius_n furius_n camillus_n slander_v by_o manlius_n capitoliws_fw-la the_o only_a mean_n to_o suppress_v slander_n be_v to_o give_v authority_n to_o some_o person_n of_o repute_n to_o compel_v every_o slanderer_n to_o become_v a_o accuser_n and_o if_o the_o accusation_n prove_v true_a then_o to_o reward_v the_o accuser_n or_o at_o least_o not_o to_o punish_v he_o example_n manlius_n the_o slanderer_n of_o camillus_n for_o his_o untrue_a information_n punish_v a_o rule_n most_o certain_a and_o assure_v it_o be_v that_o every_o kingdom_n and_o state_n at_o the_o first_o well_o frame_v or_o after_o well_o inform_v do_v take_v the_o perfection_n thereof_o from_o the_o wisdom_n of_o some_o excellent_a man_n who_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v blind_a though_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n he_o happy_o use_v some_o extraordinary_a violence_n or_o proceed_n for_o he_o that_o employ_v force_n to_o mend_v and_o not_o to_o mar_v deserve_v commendation_n example_n romulus_n lycurgus_n cleomenes_n there_o live_v no_o man_n so_o simple_a or_o wise_a so_o wicked_a or_o well_o dispose_v but_o prefer_v those_o person_n that_o be_v praisable_a before_o those_o that_o be_v blamable_a notwithstanding_o for_o that_o well_o near_o all_o man_n be_v beguile_v in_o discern_v what_o indeed_o be_v good_a deem_v that_o honourable_a which_o in_o truth_n be_v otherwise_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o either_o willing_o or_o ignorant_o to_o be_v carry_v into_o a_o course_n which_o merit_v rather_o infamy_n than_o commendation_n example_n every_o man_n wish_v himself_o timoleon_n or_o agesilaus_n rather_o than_o dionysius_n or_o phalaris_n rather_o a_o titus_n or_o trajan_n than_o caligula_n or_o vitellius_n who_o read_v history_n treat_v of_o great_a action_n shall_v perceive_v that_o good_a prince_n indeed_o be_v more_o secure_a and_o better_o defend_v by_o the_o love_n of_o the_o people_n and_o fidelity_n of_o counsellor_n then_o be_v they_o that_o entertain_v many_o legion_n and_o man_n of_o war_n example_n of_o all_o those_o emperor_n which_o reign_v after_o câ—esar_n until_o maximiâ—us_n the_o great_a number_n be_v for_o their_o vice_n take_v and_o slay_v only_a galba_n and_o pertinax_n except_v who_o be_v good_a emperor_n a_o prince_n of_o great_a knowledge_n both_o in_o arm_n and_o wisdom_n so_o firm_o settle_v the_o foundation_n of_o government_n as_o albeit_o his_o successor_n be_v of_o the_o less_o virtue_n yet_o may_v he_o be_v maintain_v even_o by_o the_o memory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n but_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o three_o prince_n prove_v not_o more_o like_o the_o first_o than_o the_o second_o than_o all_o that_o be_v past_a go_v to_o ruin_v example_n the_o martial_a valour_n of_o romulus_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o numa_n may_v govern_v safe_o in_o peace_n which_o tullus_n can_v not_o have_v do_v have_v he_o be_v unlike_o to_o romulus_n nor_o shall_v bajazet_n emperor_n of_o turkey_n have_v enjoy_v the_o state_n of_o his_o father_n mahomet_n and_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o his_o posterity_n if_o selim_n his_o son_n have_v not_o be_v more_o like_o to_o his_o grandfather_n then_o to_o bajazet_n his_o father_n the_o succession_n of_o two_o excellent_a prince_n chief_o if_o they_o be_v of_o long_a life_n work_v wondrous_a effect_n the_o like_a be_v see_v in_o
and_o like_o unto_o god_n oportet_fw-la principem_fw-la res_fw-la divinas_fw-la videri_fw-la curare_fw-la seriâ—_z and_o antâ—_n omnia_fw-la arist._n providence_n be_v a_o forecast_n and_o likely_a conjecture_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v suppose_a to_o be_v in_o those_o prince_n that_o in_o their_o action_n proceed_v slow_o and_o circumspect_o it_o seem_v also_o a_o course_n of_o princely_a discretion_n to_o be_v retire_v and_o not_o ordinary_o to_o converse_v with_o many_o autoritatem_fw-la absentiâ_fw-la tueare_fw-la suet._n chap._n xviii_o of_o conspiracy_n and_o treason_n with_o the_o cause_n and_o way_n of_o prevention_n or_o discovery_n conspiracy_n be_v common_o address_v to_o the_o prince_n person_n treason_n be_v address_v againâ—t_v his_o government_n authority_n country_n subject_n or_o place_n of_o strength_n these_o mischief_n be_v easy_o fear_v but_o hardly_o eschewedâ—_z for_o albeit_o open_a enemy_n be_v open_o encounter_v yet_o fraud_n and_o subtlety_n be_v secret_a foe_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v avoid_v occulta_fw-la pericula_fw-la nâ—que_fw-la praevidere_fw-la n_n qâ—e_n vitare_fw-la in_fw-la promptu_fw-la â—st_fw-la sallust_n the_o danger_n of_o conspiracy_n precee_v of_o divers_a cause_n as_o avarice_n infidelity_n of_o subject_n ambition_n in_o servant_n and_o coruption_n in_o soldier_n therefore_o with_o great_a difficulty_n to_o be_v avoid_v vitæ_fw-la tuus_fw-la dominus_fw-la est_fw-la quisquis_fw-la suam_fw-la contempsit_fw-la sen._n notwithstanding_o it_o seem_v that_o either_o by_o inquisition_n punishment_n innocency_n or_o destiny_n the_o evil_a affection_n of_o man_n may_v be_v oftentimes_o discover_v 1._o for_o whoso_o will_v curious_o inquire_v and_o consider_v the_o action_n and_o ordinary_a speech_n of_o man_n i_o mean_v those_o that_o be_v person_n of_o honour_n and_o reputation_n may_v oftentimes_o vent_v the_o mine_n that_o lurk_v in_o the_o mind_n quoniam_fw-la raro_fw-la nisi_fw-la mail_fw-la loqunti_fw-la mail_fw-la faciunt_fw-la lip_n 2._o punishment_n be_v likewise_o a_o thing_n so_o terrible_a that_o the_o consideration_n thereof_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o reward_n do_v often_o discover_v those_o dangerous_a intention_n cruciaiu_fw-la aut_fw-la praemio_fw-la cuncta_fw-la peruia_fw-la sunt_fw-la tac._n but_o as_o it_o be_v wisdom_n in_o prince_n to_o give_v ear_n to_o informer_n so_o be_v they_o not_o always_o to_o be_v believe_v for_o hope_n envy_n hate_n or_o some_o other_o passion_n oftentimes_o draw_v they_o to_o speak_v untrue_o quis_fw-la innocens_fw-la esse_fw-la potest_fw-la si_fw-la accusare_fw-la sufficit_fw-la tac._n 3._o the_o three_o and_o likely_a defence_n against_o conspiracy_n be_v the_o prince_n own_o innocency_n for_o never_o have_v injure_v any_o man_n it_o can_v be_v think_v there_o live_v any_o subject_a so_o lewd_a as_o will_v endeavour_v to_o hurt_v he_o fidelissima_fw-la custodia_fw-la principis_fw-la ipsius_fw-la inâ—ocentia_fw-la pliâ—_z 4._o the_o last_o and_o best_a bulwark_n to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o this_o mischief_n we_o call_v destiny_n which_o precede_v from_o the_o fountain_n of_o divine_a providence_n may_v be_v true_o call_v the_o will_n of_o god_n in_o who_o only_a power_n it_o rest_v to_o protect_v and_o defend_v good_a priâ—ces_n ille_fw-la erit_fw-la à _fw-la late_fw-la tuo_fw-la and_o custodiet_fw-la pedem_fw-la tuum_fw-la nâ—_z capiaris_fw-la salo._n treason_n be_v most_o common_o enterprise_v by_o covetous_a person_n who_o prefer_v private_a profit_n before_o fame_n or_o fidelity_n do_v not_o fear_v to_o enter_v into_o any_o impious_a action_n to_o this_o humour_n ambitious_a man_n dissentious_a and_o all_o such_o as_o be_v desirous_a of_o innovation_n be_v incline_v pulcra_fw-la loquentes_fw-la iidem_fw-la in_fw-la pectore_fw-la prava_fw-la strueâ—tes_fw-la hom._n to_o these_o offender_n no_o punishment_n as_o equal_v to_o their_o impious_a merit_n can_v be_v devise_v be_v person_n odious_a as_o well_o to_o friend_n as_o foe_n proditores_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_fw-la quos_fw-la antepoâ—unt_fw-la invisi_fw-la sâ—â—t_v tac._n chap._n xix_o of_o public_a hate_n and_o contempt_n with_o the_o occasion_n and_o mean_n to_o redress_v and_o avoid_v it_o have_v brief_o touch_v the_o virtue_n and_o mean_n whereby_o prince_n be_v maintain_v â—n_o authority_n and_o honour_n let_v something_o be_v say_v of_o the_o cause_n from_o whence_o their_o ruin_n do_v proceed_v the_o chief_n whereof_o seem_v to_o be_v hate_n and_o contempt_n hate_n come_v of_o fear_n which_o the_o more_o common_a it_o be_v the_o more_o dangerousâ—nulla_fw-la vis_fw-la imperii_fw-la tanta_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la prementâ—_z metâ—_z possit_fw-la esse_fw-la diâ—turnaâ—_z cic._n the_o cause_n of_o fear_n be_v punishment_n imposition_n and_o rigour_n and_o therefore_o it_o behoove_v a_o prince_n not_o only_o to_o shun_v they_o but_o to_o eschew_v those_o action_n whereby_o he_o may_v reasonable_o incur_v their_o suspicion_n sentias_fw-la enim_fw-la homines_fw-la ut_fw-la metuant_fw-la aâ—t_fw-la oderint_fw-la â—non_fw-la minus_fw-la opinioâ—e_n and_o fama_fw-la quam_fw-la certa_fw-la aliqua_fw-la ratione_fw-la moveri_fw-la cic._n yet_o punishmentâ—_n imposition_n and_o censure_n be_v in_o all_o state_n necessary_a although_o they_o show_v and_o seem_v terrible_a and_o consequent_o breed_v a_o certain_a desperation_n in_o subject_n unless_o they_o be_v discreet_o and_o modest_o use_v for_o extreme_a and_o frequent_a punishment_n taste_v of_o cruelty_n great_a and_o many_o impost_n â—avour_v of_o covetousness_n censure_n of_o manner_n when_o it_o exceed_v the_o quality_n of_o offence_n do_v seem_v rigour_n in_o these_o matter_n therefore_o it_o behoove_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v moderate_a and_o cautelous_a chief_o in_o capital_a punishment_n which_o must_v be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o justice_n sit_fw-la apud_fw-la principem_fw-la parsimonia_fw-la etiam_fw-la vilissimi_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la sen._n but_o if_o for_o security_n sake_n the_o prince_n be_v force_v to_o punish_v let_v the_o same_o be_v do_v with_o show_n of_o great_a sorrow_n and_o lothness_n tanquam_fw-la invitus_fw-la et_fw-la magnocum_fw-la tormento_fw-la ad_fw-la castigandum_fw-la veniat_fw-la sâ—n_n let_v all_o punishment_n also_o be_v slow_o executedâ—_z for_o they_o that_o be_v hasty_o punish_v do_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v willing_o condemn_v neither_o ought_v any_o capitalâ—_z punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonweal_n and_o for_o example_n sake_n non_fw-la â—am_fw-la ut_fw-la ipsi_fw-la pereant_fw-la quam_fw-la ut_fw-la alios_fw-la pereundo_fw-la deterreant_fw-la sen._n in_o punish_v also_o a_o special_a respect_n must_v be_v have_v that_o no_o show_n of_o content_a or_o pleasure_n be_v take_v therein_o formarabiei_fw-la est_fw-la sanguine_fw-la et_fw-la vulneribus_fw-la gaudere_fw-la sen._n also_o in_o punish_v equality_n must_v be_v observe_v and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o punishment_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n nec_fw-la eisdem_fw-la de_fw-la causis_fw-la alii_fw-la plectantur_fw-la alii_fw-la ne_fw-la appellentur_fw-la quidemâ—_z cic._n but_o in_o punish_v public_a offence_n whereiâ—_z a_o multitude_n have_v part_n the_o execution_n ought_v to_o be_v otherwise_o and_o as_o it_o be_v at_o a_o instant_n which_o may_v haply_o seem_v terrible_a but_o in_o effect_n be_v not_o frequens_fw-la vindicte_fw-la paucorum_fw-la odium_fw-la reprimit_fw-la omnium_fw-la irritat_fw-la sen._n another_o mean_v to_o satisfy_v a_o people_n offend_v be_v to_o punish_v the_o minister_n of_o cruelty_n and_o with_o their_o blood_n to_o wash_v away_o the_o common_a hatred_n piaculares_fw-la publici_fw-la odii_fw-la victimae_fw-la plin._n by_o this_o king_n david_n do_v appease_v the_o gibeonite_n the_o next_o cause_n of_o discontent_n come_v of_o imposition_n under_o which_o word_n be_v comprehend_v all_o levy_n of_o money_n a_o matter_n nothing_o please_v to_o people_n as_o that_o which_o they_o esteem_v equal_a to_o their_o own_o life_n pecunia_fw-la anima_fw-la et_fw-la sanguis_fw-la est_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la plaut._n first_o to_o remove_v hate_v conceive_v of_o this_o cause_n there_o be_v nothing_o better_a than_o public_a expostulation_n of_o necessity_n for_o what_o commonwealth_n or_o kingdom_n can_v be_v without_o tribute_n nulla_fw-la quies_fw-la gentium_fw-la sine_fw-la armis_fw-la nec_fw-la arma_fw-la sine_fw-la stipendiis_fw-la nec_fw-la stipendia_fw-la sine_fw-la tributis_fw-la haberi_fw-la queunt_fw-la tac._n the_o second_o remedy_n against_o hate_n for_o imposition_n be_v to_o make_v moderate_a levy_n and_o rare_a for_o as_o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v a_o sheep_n shall_v be_v fleece_v not_o flay_v qui_fw-la nimis_fw-la emungit_fw-la elicit_a sanguinâ—m_n tac._n three_o also_o to_o eschew_v the_o offence_n of_o people_n it_o behoove_v the_o prince_n to_o have_v a_o vigilant_a eye_n on_o informer_n promoter_n and_o such_o fiscal_v minister_n who_o cruelty_n and_o covetous_a proceed_n do_v oftentimes_o occasion_v great_a hate_n but_o this_o mischief_n may_v be_v though_o hardly_o encounter_v either_o by_o choose_v honest_a officer_n or_o prove_v otherwise_o not_o only_o to_o remain_v they_o but_o to_o use_v they_o as_o sponge_n exprimendi_fw-la post_fw-la quâ—m_fw-la biberint_fw-la suet._n in_o all_o imposition_n or_o taxation_n no_o cruelty_n or_o force_n ought_v to_o be_v use_v the_o second_o cause_n to_o
quality_n most_o necessary_a for_o prince_n for_o without_o it_o they_o can_v be_v defend_v force_n of_o man_n only_o suffice_v not_o unless_o the_o same_o be_v govern_v by_o council_n and_o martial_a wisdom_n duo_o sunt_fw-la quibus_fw-la respâ—_z servatur_fw-la in_fw-la host_fw-la fortitudo_fw-la and_o domi_fw-la concordia_fw-la tac._n military_a knowledge_n concern_v war_n and_o every_o war_n be_v either_o foreign_a or_o domestical_a touch_v forriegn_n it_o must_v be_v consider_v when_o it_o must_v be_v begin_v how_o to_o continue_v it_o and_o when_o to_o be_v end_v to_o begin_v war_n a_o prince_n be_v to_o take_v heed_n that_o the_o cause_n be_v just_a and_o the_o enterprise_n advise_o enter_v into_o sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la et_fw-la belli_fw-la sicut_fw-la pacis_fw-la jura_fw-la jâ—stâ—que_fw-la ea_fw-la non_fw-la minus_fw-la ac_fw-la fortiter_fw-la gerere_fw-la debes_fw-la liv._n the_o law_n of_o arm_n be_v in_o all_o commonweal_n to_o be_v due_o observe_v for_o to_o enter_v fight_n rash_o and_o without_o respect_n to_o reason_n be_v beastly_a also_o to_o kill_v or_o slay_v will_v work_v no_o better_a effect_n then_o that_o all_o nation_n shall_v without_o mercy_n murder_v one_o another_o barbarity_n coeâ—em_fw-mi coede_fw-la and_o sanguinem_fw-la sangnine_fw-la expiare_fw-la salâ—_z no_o war_n therefore_o be_v to_o be_v make_v but_o such_o as_o be_v just_a and_o in_o every_o just_a war_n these_o three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v look_v into_o viz_o that_o the_o author_n be_v of_o authority_n that_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a and_o the_o end_n just_a for_o in_o all_o state_n the_o prince_n or_o they_o in_o who_o the_o sovereignty_n rest_v be_v the_o just_a authorâ—_n of_o war_n other_o have_v no_o such_o authority_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la privatim_fw-la siâ—e_fw-la publicâ—_z sâ—ito_fw-la pacem_fw-la bellumve_fw-la feceriâ—_z capitale_fw-la esto_fw-la platâ—_n war_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n defensive_a and_o offensiveâ—_z the_o one_o to_o resist_v the_o other_o to_o invadeâ—_z against_o defence_n nothing_o can_v be_v say_v because_o it_o be_v natural_a and_o necessary_a est_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la justum_fw-la sedetiam_fw-la necâ—ssarium_fw-la cum_fw-la vi_fw-la vis_fw-la illata_fw-la defendiâ—ur_fw-la cic._n defensive_a war_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o to_o defend_v thou_o own_o or_o thy_o friend_n for_o it_o be_v reason_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v keep_v secure_o that_o which_o to_o he_o appertain_v and_o therewith_o also_o by_o arm_n to_o defend_v the_o liberty_n of_o country_n parent_n and_o friend_n nullum_fw-la bellum_fw-la à _fw-la civitate_fw-la suscipitur_fw-la nisi_fw-la aut_fw-la pro_fw-la fidâ—_z aut_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_fw-la câ—c_fw-la the_o like_a reason_n lead_v we_o to_o assist_v and_o protect_v friend_n for_o the_o common_a obligation_n of_o human_a society_n do_v so_o require_v qui_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la obsistit_fw-la si_fw-la potest_fw-la injuriae_fw-la tam_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la vitiâ—_z quam_fw-la si_fw-la parent_fw-la aut_fw-la patriam_fw-la aut_fw-la socios_fw-la deserat_fw-la cic._n invasion_n be_v also_o just_a and_o allowable_a but_o not_o ever_o for_o who_o so_o have_v be_v rob_v or_o spoil_v of_o his_o land_n or_o good_n may_v lawful_o seek_v repossession_n by_o force_n yet_o soâ—_n as_o before_o any_o force_n be_v use_v he_o first_o civil_o seek_v restitution_n wherein_o if_o justice_n be_v deny_v than_o be_v the_o use_n of_o arm_n necessary_a â—ustum_fw-la bellum_fw-la quibâ—s_fw-la necessarium_fw-la and_o pia_fw-la armâ—_z quibus_fw-la nulla_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_fw-la armis_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la spes_fw-la liv._n likewise_o invasion_n be_v lawful_a against_o barbarian_n who_o religion_n and_o impiety_n ought_v to_o be_v abhor_v chief_o if_o they_o be_v potent_a and_o apt_a to_o offend_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o war_n be_v compulsion_n and_o suppression_n of_o evil_a cui_fw-la lioentiâ—_z iniquitatis_fw-la eripitur_fw-la utiliter_fw-la vincitur_fw-la august_n final_o to_o conclude_v this_o matter_n of_o inâ—asion_n i_o say_v that_o no_o revenge_n no_o desire_n of_o â—onor_n or_o empire_n be_v any_o lawful_a cause_n of_o â—ar_a but_o the_o intent_n thereof_o ought_v to_o be_v â—irected_v only_o to_o defâ—nce_n and_o security_n for_o â—ise_a man_n do_v take_v arm_n to_o win_v peace_n and_o â—n_o hope_v of_o rest_n they_o endure_v travel_n ita_fw-la bilâ—um_fw-la suscipiatur_fw-la uâ—_z nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la quam_fw-la pax_fw-la â—uaesita_fw-la vidâ—atur_fw-la cic._n have_v say_v somewhat_o against_o unjust_a â—ar_a let_v we_o speak_v of_o temerity_n and_o unadâ—ised_a war_n a_o enterprise_n worthy_a discomâ—endation_n omnes_fw-la bellum_fw-la sumunt_fw-la facilâ—_z â—gerrimè_fw-la deâ—inunt_fw-la nâ—c_fw-la in_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la potâ—state_fw-la inâ—tium_fw-la et_fw-la finis_fw-la est_fw-la sal._n a_o wise_a prince_n therefore_o ought_v neither_o to_o undertake_v any_o unlawful_a invasion_n nor_o without_o sober_a and_o mature_a deliberation_n enter_v â—nto_o any_o war_n as_o he_o that_o be_v unwilling_a to_o offend_v yet_o of_o courage_n eâ—ough_o to_o defend_v nec_fw-la prâ—voces_fw-la bellum_fw-la nec_fw-la timeas_fw-la plin._n to_o make_v war_n three_o thing_n be_v require_v money_n man_n and_o arm_n and_o to_o maintain_v a_o war_n provision_n and_o council_n be_v needful_a therefore_o a_o wise_a prince_n before_o he_o begin_v a_o war_n do_v careful_o consider_v what_o force_n and_o charge_n thereunto_o belong_v diu_fw-la â—pparandum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la ut_fw-la vincas_fw-la melius_fw-la pub._n above_o all_o other_o provision_n carâ—_z must_v be_v have_v that_o bread_n be_v not_o want_v for_o without_o it_o neither_o victory_n nor_o life_n can_v be_v look_v for_o qui_fw-la frumentum_fw-la necessariumque_fw-la commeatum_fw-la non_fw-la praeparâ—t_fw-la vincitur_fw-la sine_fw-la ferroâ—_z vegetius_n last_o it_o behoove_v a_o prince_n always_o to_o have_v arm_n in_o readiness_n i_o mean_v harness_n horse_n weapon_n artillery_n engine_n powder_n and_o every_o other_o thing_n necessary_a either_o for_o service_n on_o horse_n or_o foot_n we_o may_v add_v hereunto_o ship_n and_o ship_n of_o all_o sort_n with_o every_o furniture_n of_o offence_n or_o defence_n for_o these_o preparation_n make_v a_o prince_n formidable_a because_o no_o man_n dare_v do_v or_o attempt_v injury_n to_o that_o king_n or_o people_n where_o preparation_n be_v ever_o ready_a to_o revenge_v qui_fw-la deâ—iderat_fw-la pacem_fw-la praeparat_fw-la bellumâ—_z caâ—â—_z by_o man_n we_o mean_v a_o multitude_n of_o subject_n arm_v train_v to_o defend_v or_o offend_v these_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n captain_n and_o soldier_n and_o soldier_n be_v either_o footman_n or_o horsemenâ—_n the_o one_o of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o champion_n the_o other_o in_o mountainous_a place_n also_o for_o defence_n or_o assault_n of_o town_n or_o ground_n fortify_v most_o necessary_a and_o consequent_o meet_v for_o service_n in_o all_o place_n which_o move_v tacitus_n to_o say_v omne_fw-la in_fw-la pedite_fw-la robur_fw-la tac._n for_o sudden_a service_n horse_n do_v seem_v most_o â—eet_a and_o the_o execution_n of_o any_o enterprise_n â—s_n by_o they_o most_o speedy_o perform_v neâ—ertheless_o the_o action_n of_o â—ootmen_n do_v seem_v more_o certain_o execute_v chief_o if_o they_o be_v well_o arm_v and_o skilful_o lead_v for_o so_o exâ—erience_n have_v of_o late_a time_n prove_v beâ—ides_fw-la â—hat_o they_o be_v of_o less_o expense_n and_o of_o great_a â—umber_n in_fw-la universum_fw-la aestimanti_fw-la plus_fw-la in_fw-la â—edite_fw-la roburâ—_n tac._n have_v thus_o prove_v that_o both_o horse_n and_o â—oot_n be_v necessary_a let_v we_o remember_v that_o â—nless_a they_o be_v serviceableâ—_n great_a number_n â—re_o to_o small_a purpose_n manibus_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la bello_fw-la â—on_n multis_fw-la nominibus_fw-la livi._n to_o make_v soldier_n serviceable_a consist_v â—n_o good_a choice_n and_o good_a discipline_n the_o one_o at_o this_o day_n little_o regard_v emunt_fw-la miliâ—em_fw-la non_fw-la legunt_fw-la livi._n soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v elect_v out_o of_o the_o most_o honest_a and_o able_a number_n of_o body_n and_o every_o company_n compose_v of_o man_n know_v one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o thereby_o they_o be_v make_v the_o more_o confident_a but_o hereof_o be_v small_a heed_n take_v for_o common_o they_o be_v purgamenta_fw-la urbium_fw-la suarum_fw-la curt._n touch_v discipline_n it_o seem_v that_o thereof_o the_o external_a form_n and_o not_o the_o certain_a substance_n be_v observe_v for_o as_o in_o former_a age_n soldier_n endeavour_v to_o be_v virtuous_a and_o modest_a so_o now_o they_o rather_o study_v to_o excel_v in_o riot_n then_o in_o martial_a knowledge_n exâ—ercitus_fw-la lingua_fw-la quam_fw-la manu_fw-la promptiorâ—_z praedator_fw-la est_fw-la sociis_fw-la and_o ipse_fw-la praeda_fw-la hostiumâ—_z sal._n for_o as_o much_o as_o soldier_n be_v make_v good_a by_o election_n and_o choice_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o foundation_n and_o ground_n of_o service_n consist_v in_o the_o discretion_n and_o judgement_n oâ—_z those_o that_o have_v authority_n to_o make_v election_n yet_o will_v we_o add_v that_o they_o must_v be_v choose_v of_o natural_a subjectsâ—_n for_o stranger_n be_v covetous_a and_o consequent_o corruptible_a they_o be_v also_o mutinous_a and_o cowardly_a theiâ—_z custom_n likewise_o be_v to_o rob_v
and_o plenty_n be_v turn_v into_o poverty_n for_o by_o these_o mean_n â—re_o man_n bring_v into_o desperation_n rapacissimo_fw-la â—uique_fw-la ac_fw-la perditissimâ—_z non_fw-la agri_fw-la aut_fw-la faenus_fw-la sed_fw-la sola_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la vitiorum_fw-la manebunt_fw-la tac._n now_o to_o consider_v how_o destiny_n may_v be_v eschew_v be_v in_o vain_a for_o such_o a_o remedy_n no_o wit_n or_o wisdom_n can_v devise_v be_v the_o decree_n of_o god_n no_o doubt_n it_o be_v inevitable_a ita_fw-la fato_fw-la placuit_fw-la nullius_fw-la rei_fw-la eodem_fw-la semper_fw-la locâ—_z stare_fw-la fortunam_fw-la sen._n there_o be_v nothing_o exempt_a from_o the_o peril_n of_o mutation_n the_o earth_n heaven_n and_o whole_a world_n be_v thereunto_o subject_a certiâ—_z eunt_fw-la cuncta_fw-la temporibus_fw-la nasci_fw-la debent_fw-la crescere_fw-la extingui_fw-la sen._n touch_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o civil_a war_n some_o remedy_n may_v be_v use_v because_o it_o precee_v of_o faction_n sedition_n or_o tyranny_n i_o call_v faction_n a_o certain_a association_n of_o divers_a person_n combine_v to_o the_o offence_n of_o other_o it_o proceed_v often_o of_o private_a or_o public_a displeasure_n and_o more_o often_o of_o ambition_n nemo_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la in_fw-la rep._n versantur_fw-la quoâ—_z uincat_fw-la sed_fw-la a_fw-la quibus_fw-la vincatur_fw-la aspicit_fw-la sen._n 1._o faction_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o either_o they_o consist_v of_o many_o or_o of_o few_o person_n both_o be_v dangerous_a but_o the_o former_a more_o apt_a to_o take_v arm_n and_o that_o party_n which_o prove_v weak_a pray_v arm_n of_o foreign_a force_n 2._o the_o other_o faction_n wherein_o be_v few_o partaker_n be_v common_o great_a personage_n or_o man_n of_o more_o importance_n than_o ordinary_a people_n and_o that_o prove_v most_o perilous_a and_o bloody_a nâ—bilium_fw-la factiones_fw-la trahâ—nt_fw-la adse_fw-la and_o in_o part_n universum_fw-la etiam_fw-la populumâ—_z arist._n albeit_o some_o wise_a man_n have_v hold_v opinion_n that_o faction_n be_v necessary_a yet_o can_v that_o conceit_n be_v reasonable_o maintain_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o confine_n and_o in_o such_o place_n where_o conspiracy_n be_v fear_v which_o cato_n in_o hisprivate_a family_n use_v semper_fw-la contentiunculas_fw-la aliquas_fw-la aut_fw-la dissensum_fw-la inter_fw-la seruos_fw-la callidè_fw-la serebat_fw-la sâ—â—pectam_fw-la habens_fw-la nimiam_fw-la câ—ncordiam_fw-la â—rum_fw-la mâ—tuensque_fw-la plut._n faction_n among_o the_o nobility_n be_v sometime_o suppress_v by_o forbid_v color_n or_o unknown_a badge_n to_o be_v wear_v also_o to_o inhibit_v name_n or_o watchword_n of_o mutiny_n be_v necessary_a which_o be_v mecaeâ—as_n counsel_n to_o augustus_n and_o aristotle_n think_v it_o fit_a that_o law_n shall_v be_v make_v against_o the_o faction_n of_o nobleman_n nobilium_fw-la contentiones_fw-la et_fw-la partâ—s_fw-la etiam_fw-la legibus_fw-la oportet_fw-la prohibere_fw-la conari_fw-la arist._n another_o cause_n of_o civil_a war_n we_o call_v sedition_n which_o be_v a_o sudden_a commotion_n or_o assembly_n of_o common_a people_n against_o their_o prince_n or_o his_o magistrate_n the_o original_a of_o which_o disorder_n may_v proceed_v of_o divers_a cause_n but_o chief_o of_o oppression_n imminentium_fw-la periculorum_fw-la remedium_fw-la ipsa_fw-la pericâ—la_fw-la arbitrari_fw-la arist._n again_o fear_n may_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o sedition_n as_o well_o in_o he_o that_o have_v do_v injury_n as_o in_o he_o that_o look_v to_o be_v injure_v and_o be_v desirous_a to_o prevent_v it_o before_o it_o come_v it_o may_v proceed_v also_o of_o overgreat_a mildness_n in_o government_n non_fw-la â—iseriis_fw-la sed_fw-la licentia_fw-la tantum_fw-la concitum_fw-la turbarum_fw-la lasâ—ivire_fw-la magis_fw-la plebem_fw-la quà m_fw-la saevire_fw-la livi._n sedition_n many_o time_n arise_v of_o poverty_n or_o of_o the_o artificer_n who_o art_n be_v grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o consequent_o no_o mean_n whereof_o they_o can_v live_v semper_fw-la in_fw-la civitatâ—_z quibus_fw-la opes_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la bonis_fw-la inuident_fw-la veterâ—_z odere_fw-la nâ—va_fw-la expetunt_fw-la odio_fw-la rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la mâ—tari_fw-la omnia_fw-la student_fw-la sab._n last_o sedition_n come_v of_o tyranny_n insolency_n or_o mutinous_a disposition_n of_o certain_a captain_n cavalier_n or_o ringleader_n of_o the_o people_n for_o albeit_o the_o multitude_n be_v apt_a to_o innovation_n yet_o do_v it_o stand_v firm_a until_o some_o first_o mover_n take_v the_o matter_n in_o hand_n multitudo_fw-la omnis_fw-la sicut_fw-la mare_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la immobilis_fw-la livi._n of_o these_o mover_n some_o be_v ambitious_a who_o want_v other_o mean_n to_o aspire_v hope_v by_o practice_n of_o sedition_n to_o compass_v their_o design_n or_o else_o they_o be_v unthrift_n who_o have_v consume_v their_o own_o seek_v by_o violence_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o other_o man_n or_o else_o they_o be_v vain_a and_o light_a person_n that_o without_o cause_n or_o reason_n attempt_v innovation_n themselves_o know_v not_o for_o what_o non_fw-la tam_fw-la praemiis_fw-la periculorâ—m_fw-la quà m_fw-la ipsis_fw-la periculis_fw-la laeti_fw-la pro_fw-la certis_fw-la et_fw-la olim_fw-la partis_fw-la nova_fw-la ambigua_fw-la ancipitia_fw-la malunt_fw-la thus_o have_v tell_v the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n i_o wish_v the_o remedy_n be_v prepare_v omne_fw-la malum_fw-la nascens_fw-la facilè_fw-la opprimitur_fw-la inveteratum_fw-la fit_fw-la plerumque_fw-la robustius_fw-la cic._n the_o first_o way_n to_o suppress_v sedition_n be_v eloquence_n and_o excellent_a persuasion_n which_o oftentimes_o work_v great_a effect_n among_o the_o multitude_n chief_o when_o it_o proceed_v from_o some_o reverend_a and_o grave_a person_n for_o his_o wisdom_n and_o integrity_n of_o life_n honour_v for_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o to_o take_v this_o office_n in_o hand_n unless_o necessity_n so_o enforce_v integra_fw-la autoritas_fw-la principis_fw-la majoribus_fw-la remediis_fw-la servetur_fw-la tac._n if_o persuasion_n can_v prevail_v than_o force_n must_v compel_v but_o before_o such_o violent_a proceed_n use_v art_n and_o cunning_a either_o to_o appease_v the_o people_n or_o at_o least_o to_o disunite_v they_o and_o rather_o if_o the_o prince_n do_v offer_v fair_a and_o â—romise_v plausible_o verba_fw-la apud_fw-la populum_fw-la plurimum_fw-la valent_fw-la tac._n it_o be_v lawful_a also_o in_o such_o case_n for_o prince_n to_o use_v subtlety_n and_o the_o same_o not_o prevail_v to_o wash_v away_o the_o stain_n thereof_o with_o clemency_n for_o when_o arm_n be_v lay_v down_o and_o every_o one_o yield_v general_a punishment_n be_v needless_a omnium_fw-la culpa_fw-la fuit_fw-la paucorum_fw-la sit_fw-la poena_fw-la tac._n the_o last_o cause_n of_o sedition_n we_o name_v tyranny_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a violent_a government_n exceed_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n the_o difference_n between_o king_n and_o tyrant_n be_v this_o the_o one_o employ_v arm_n in_o defence_n of_o peace_n the_o other_o use_v they_o to_o terrify_v those_o of_o who_o his_o cruelty_n have_v deserve_v hate_n auferre_fw-la trucidare_fw-la raperâ—_z falsis_fw-la nominibus_fw-la imperium_fw-la atque_fw-la ubi_fw-la solitudinem_fw-la fecerint_fw-la pacem_fw-la appellant_n tac._n the_o quality_n of_o tyrant_n be_v to_o esteem_v promoter_n more_o than_o good_a minister_n because_o those_o man_n be_v the_o scourge_n of_o infinite_a other_o they_o be_v also_o protector_n of_o impious_a person_n and_o stand_v in_o daily_a doubt_n of_o noble_a and_o virtuous_a man_n nobilitas_fw-la opes_fw-la amissi_fw-la gâ—stique_fw-la honores_fw-la pro_fw-la crimine_fw-la et_fw-la ob_fw-la virtutes_fw-la certissimum_fw-la exitium_fw-la tac._n tyrant_n do_v also_o endeavour_v to_o suppress_v the_o knowledge_n of_o letter_n and_o civil_a life_n to_o the_o end_n all_o good_a art_n shall_v be_v exile_v and_o barbarism_n introduce_v pellunt_fw-la sapientiae_fw-la profâ—ssores_fw-la and_o omnes_fw-la â—onas_fw-la art_n in_fw-la exiliuâ—_z agâ—nt_fw-la tac._n these_o and_o such_o like_a be_v the_o condition_n of_o tyrant_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v depose_v and_o slay_v for_o as_o king_n live_v long_o and_o deliver_v their_o dominion_n to_o their_o childrenâ—_n and_o posterity_n so_o tyrant_n be_v fear_v and_o hate_v of_o all_o man_n can_v continue_v in_o their_o estate_n ad_fw-la generum_fw-la cereris_fw-la â—ine_n â—oede_fw-la et_fw-la vulnere_fw-la pauci_fw-la descendunt_fw-la reges_fw-la et_fw-la sicca_fw-la â—orte_fw-la tyranni_fw-la juven._n the_o remedy_n of_o these_o mischief_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o such_o a_o prince_n be_v persecution_n or_o patience_n many_o generous_a spirit_n have_v use_v the_o first_o persuade_v themselves_o rather_o to_o die_v then_o endure_v the_o sight_n of_o a_o tyrant_n also_o the_o grecian_n do_v think_v it_o a_o service_n acceptable_a to_o murder_v the_o person_n of_o such_o a_o impious_a prince_n graeci_fw-la â—omines_fw-la deorum_fw-la honores_fw-la tribuebant_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la tyrannos_fw-la necaverunt_fw-la cic._n nevertheless_o in_o christian_a consideration_n the_o other_o course_n be_v to_o be_v take_v let_v patience_n therefore_o encounter_v this_o mischief_n for_o see_v all_o king_n as_o well_o the_o bad_a as_o the_o good_a be_v send_v by_o god_n they_o must_v be_v endure_v res_fw-la est_fw-la gravis_fw-la occidere_fw-la regalem_fw-la stirpem_fw-la homer_n