Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	justice_n	king_n	law_n	4,449	5	4.8812	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A41682	Londinum triumphans, or, An historical account of the grand influence the actions of the city of London have had upon the affairs of the nation for many ages past shewing the antiquity, honour, glory, and renown of this famous city : the grounds of her rights, priviledges, and franchises : the foundation of her charter ... / collected from the most authentick authors, and illustrated with variety of remarks.	Gough, William, 1654?-1682.	1682 (1682)	Wing G1411; ESTC R24351	233,210	386

Law to the Destruction of the Duke of Gl●ucester and the Earls of Arundel and Warwick at Shrewscury For that the King against his Promise procured the Duke of Ireland sundry Rebells about Cheshire where diverse Murders by him were committed For that the King against his own Promise and Pardon at the Solemn Procession apprehended the Duke of Gloucester and sent him to Callice there to be choked and murdered beheading the Earle of Arundel and banishing the Earl of Warwick and the Lord Cobham For that the Kings Retinue and rout gathered out of Cheshire about the apprehension of those Nobles committed diverse Murders Rapes and other Fellonies besides refusing to pay for their Victuals For that the King condemned the Nobles aforesaid for divers rodes made within the Realm contrary to his open Proclamation For that the King doubly Fined Men for their Pardons For that the King to oppress his whole subjects procured in his last Parliament that the Power thereof was committed to certain Persons For that the King being sworn to Minister right did notwithstanding enact in the last Parliament that no mediation should be made for the Duke of Lancaster contrary to his said Oath For that the Crown of England being freed from the Pope and all other forraign Power the King notwithstanding procured the Popes Excommunication on such as brake the last Parliament in derogation of the Crown Statutes and Laws of the Realm For that the King banished the Duke of Lancaster for 10 years without any Cause as the same King openly affirmed For that the King unlawfully revoked the Letters Patents made to the said Duke of Lancaster in An. 21. For that the King contrary to the Laws and will of the Justices suffered Sheriffs to continue longer than one year and placed such therein as were unfit For that the King repayed not to his Subjects debts of them borrowed For that the King in the time of Truce and Peace exacted great Subsidies and wasted the same about frivilous matters For that the King refused to execute the Laws Saying that the Laws were in his Mouth and Breast For that the King by procuring by Statutes that he might be free as any of his Progenitors did under colour thereof subvert Laws according to his Will For that the King procured Knights of the Shires to be made to serve his own will For that the King enforced Sheriffs to be Sworn to execute all Commandemens under the Great Seal Privy Seal or Signet contrary to their accustomed Oaths For that the King to wrack mony from his Subjects procured 17 several Shires to submit themselves to his Grace whereby great sums of mony were Levied For that the King being Sworn to observe the Liberties of the Church notwithstanding at his Voyage into Ireland enforced diverse Religious Persons to give Horse Armour and Carts For that the Justices for their good Councel given to the King were with evil Countenance and threats rewarded For that the King of his own Will in passing into Ireland carried with him the Treasures Reliques and other Jewels of the Realm which were used safely to be kept in the Kings own Coffers from all hazard and for that the same King cancelled and razed sundry Records For that the King by writing to Forreign Princes and to his own Subjects is reputed universally a most variable and dissembling man For that the King would commonly say among the Nobles that all Subjects Lives Lands and Goods were in his hands without any forfeiture For that the King suffered his Subjects to be condemned by Marshal-Law contrary to his Oath and the Laws of the Realm For that the Subjects being only bound by their Allegiance were yet driven to take certain New Oaths for serving the folly of the King For that the King by his private Letters would charge the Ecclesiastical Ministers in any new Canonical matter to stay contrary to his Oath For that the King by force in his Parliament banished the Arch Bishop of Canterbury without any good Ground For that the King by his last Will passed under the Great Seal and Privy Signet gave unto his Successors certain Money and Treasure upon Condition to perform all the Acts and Orders in the last Parliament which being ungodly and unlawful he meant as ungodlily to dy in For that the King in the 11th of his Reign in his Chappel in the Manour of Langley in the presence of the Duke of Lancaster and Yorke and others received the Sacrament of the Lords Body that he would never impeach the Duke of Gloucester his Uncle for any thing before done and yet to the Contrary procured him to be murdered For that the King most fraudulently and untruely against his own Oath Banished the Arch Bishop of Canterbury and wasted his Goods in which Article in private Conference between the said Arch Bishop the King in a manner prophesied and doubted that the like would happen of himself and thereupon shewed a special Token to the Arch Bishop That if he sent the same at any time that the Arch Bishop should look that the King would come to him These were the Imputations laid to his charge and that they were then thought true or at least not contradicted is self-Evident all seeming highly desirous of a Change and few dispos'd to espouse the depos'd Kings Cause and Interest so furious and violent was the Current of the Times as to bear away well nigh all before it That Parliament being so full of the new Kings Favourers and so empty of the old Kings true and cordial Friends that I remember to have read of but one viz. the Loyal Bishop of Carlisle who after a little Demur of a few dayes time upon a Motion made in Parliament about the disposal of King Richard stood up boldly and undauntedly for his old Lord and Master in the midst of his professed and declared Enemies and known Deserters His Speech as a rare Example of Fidelity giving us the very Quintessence of Loyalty I shall venture to set down out of Sir Richard Bakers Chronicle with the Consequents as follows My Lords The Matter now propounded is of marvellous Weight and Consequence wherein there are two Points chiefly to be considered The First whether King Richard be sufficiently put out of his Throne The Second whether the Duke of Lancaster be lawfully taken in For the First How can that be sufficiently done when there is no Power sufficient to do it The Parliament cannot for of the Parliament the King is the Head and can the Body put down the Head You will say but the Head may bow it self down and may the King resign It is true but what force is in that which is done by force And who knows not that King Richard's Resignation was no other But suppose he be sufficiently out yet how comes the Duke of Lancaster to be lawfully in If you say by Conquest you speak Treason For what Conquest without Arms And can a Subject take Arms

matter meant cried without discretion Ye● Yea Yea nothing regarding the Liberty of the City After the grant thus had of the Commons the said Jo●● Mansell discharged the Mayor Sheriffs and Chambe●lain of their Offices and delivered the Custody thereunto the Constable of the Tower and put in the roo● of the Sheriffs Michael Tony and John Audrian A● over that all Rolls of Tolls and Tallages before mad● were delivered unto the said John Mansel which 〈◊〉 there sealed and redelivered to the Chamberlain Wh●● the Commons had beheld all this business they return●● unto their Houses all confused Do we wonder at the Commons readiness in this afair that they who usually have been such brisk assert● of their Liberties should now be the occasional cause of bringing them into danger We may suppose that this was no proper Common-Hall but rather called by an order from Court and filled with the populace for in those days I do not find there was any express Act made by King Lords and Commons in being to forbid the Council Table from intermeddling in Civil Causes and determining of the Subjects Liberties or so to regulate its Jurisdiction Power and Authority as to leave such matters to be tried and determined in the ordinary Courts of Justice and by the ordinary course of Law Or else we conclude the Restriction of the Common-Hall to the Livery-Men was not then in use so that the Rabble being intermixt it might be no hard matter to get a ●ry raised by some of them in favour of the proceedings ●hen on foot The Mobile being as liable to be wrought ●pon by fear or fair promises as the great and rich to be corrupted by the hopes of Honours and Preferments ●nd the favour of more potent Grandees while as the ●iddle sort of People like the golden mean between ●wo Extreams are not generally so capable of being ●rawn aside after the lure being too many to be brib'd ●nd not few enough to be frighted not so high and wealthy as to aspire after greater Grandeur nor so low ●ean and despicable as to be imposed upon by the empty ●ames of Greatness and Honour without Virtue sprung ●p at first from Vice and nourished by and amidst re●eated Debaucheries This matter thus ordered John Mansell with divers ●f the Kings Council kept their Courts daily the Sun●ays except till the 1st Sunday of Lent which that yea●●as Jan. 25. calling before him 12 Wards of the Ci●y out of every of which Wards were taken 3 men ●o that 36 men were impannelled and sworn to enquire ●f the aforesaid Articles and what Persons of the City ●ad offended in them This Court being thus kept and holden at Guild-Hall no man was called to answer nor no question put to any Person by the said Inquest or any other Upon the foresaid 1st Sunday of Lent the Mayor Aldermen and Sheriffs with the forementioned Inquest and 4 men of every Ward were charged to appear at Westminster before the King at which appearance they were countermanded till the next morning At which season coming into the Kings Exchequer they found sitting there the Earls of Glocester and Warwick Joh. Mansell Hen. Baa Justices the Constable of the Tower the Custos of the City and divers others of the Kings Council Then was called by name Ralph Richard Hardell that year Mayor Nicholas Batts Nicholas Fiz Josne Mathew Bockerel John Tolesham and John 〈◊〉 Minoure Aldermen Then John Mansell said that the King by his Laws and Inquisition of the Citizens had found them culpable that they had wronged and hurt the Commonalty of his City by divers means as by the sai● Inquisition appeared and forthwith caused it to be read before them When the more part thereof was read he said unto them Thus may you see that the Commonalty of the City hath been by you grievously oppressed and by your means and Counsel the Commonwealth 〈◊〉 the same destroyed as by altering of the Tolls and othe● good ancient Customs turning them to your singular advantage and lucre All which matters the said Ralp● Richard and his Company denied and that the Commons were not grieved or hurt by them or any of them by any such means and offered to be justified and judged by the Law and Customs of the City Then He●●● Baa Justice asked of them whether they would abi●● the adventure of the Inquiry that they had heard re●● before 〈◊〉 stand upon the saying of the other Ward that yet had not be●n sworn but they kept to their 〈◊〉 Answer There John Mansell asked of the Mayor wh●● was their Law and Custom The Mayor answered 〈◊〉 said that for trespass of a Citizen done against the King he should defend himself by 12 Citizens for Murder or slaying of a man by 30 Citizens and for trespass against a stranger by the Oath of six and himself Then after many reasons made by the said John Mansell and also by the Mayor and Aldermen day was given them to appear the morrow before the King and his Councel Upon the day following the King with many of his Lords sitting in the Exchequer the aforesaid Inquisition was read That done the Mayor and Aldermen were called in by name and two Aldermen more which before were not called viz. Arn●ld Thedmare and Henry Waldmode When Ralph Richard Hard●ll had heard ●he King speak in the matter he took such fear that he ●nd Nicholas Batt without further Answer put them●elves in the King's grace saved to them their Li●erties and Franchises of the City But the other six ●esought the King of his wisdom that they might be ●●dged after the Laws and Customs of the City Then was laid to their charge that over many wrongs by ●hem done to the King and the Commonalty of the Ci●y they had alter'd the King's Beam and order'd it to ●e advantage of themselves and other rich men of the City Whereupon the Parties answered and said That ●e alteration of the Beam was not done by them only but 〈◊〉 the advice and consent of 500 of the best of the City ●or where before-time the Weigher used to lean his ●raught toward the Merchandise so that the buyer had ●y that means 10 or 12 pounds in a draught to his ad●antage and the seller so much disadvantage now for ●●differency and equality of both persons it was or●ain'd that the Beam should stand upright the cleft ●ereof inclining to neither party as in weighing of ●old and Silver and the buyer to have allowed of the 〈◊〉 for all things four pounds only in every draught ●fter these Reasons and others by them made the King commanded that upon the morning following a Folk-moot should be called at Paul's Cross and so that Court was dissolved and the Mayor and the others returned to London Upon the morrow the Folk-moot being at Paul's Cross Assembled these six Aldermen hearing the murmuring of the common people and knowing that the Aldermen or Worshipful of the City should have

the City gave the Nomination to Aleyn ●●wch and divers of the others cryed upon Thomas 〈◊〉 Thomas at that time Prisoner in Windsor Castle ●herefore the said Sir Roger with the Assistance of ●he Mayor and others took those Persons and sent ●●emun to divers Prisons So that what they could not ●o well get by fair means some seem resolved to ob●ain by force And yet 't is not unlikely but they ●ould be ready enough to bear People in hand that ●uch was a free Election The Act against Disturbance 〈◊〉 Free Elections wherein the King commandeth upon Forfeiture that no man by force of Arms nor by ●alice or menacing shall disturb any to make Free ●lection was not at that time dreaded as not being 〈◊〉 yet enacted for it is plac'd in the third of Edward the First the following King wherefore the Dist●●bers might not then think they had such cause 〈…〉 having the Court also on their side as 〈◊〉 must have had since as soon as ever they should 〈◊〉 acted so imprudently as to bring themselves 〈◊〉 the la●h of that standing Law Observe we here 〈◊〉 Power and Esteem that usually accompanie● 〈◊〉 Mayoralty of this Honorable City since that 〈◊〉 Faction were for choosing one of their own 〈◊〉 Shall I further remark upon the whole of this 〈◊〉 what Party in a Nation 't is that sticks not at 〈◊〉 nor force to effect their Designs when fair 〈◊〉 is too weak to compass them But who will 〈◊〉 me that this will not be offensive Therefore to 〈◊〉 In this Year the Gentlemen who kept the 〈◊〉 Ely and liv'd there like Outlaws broke out 〈◊〉 times and did much harm in Norfolk Suffolk 〈◊〉 Cambridge Shire took Norwich and after spoiling 〈◊〉 carried away with them many of the rich men 〈◊〉 ransomed them at great sums of Mony This 〈◊〉 occasion the story says to Thieves and other 〈◊〉 dispos'd People to do many other hurts and 〈◊〉 in divers places of the Land and the blame was 〈◊〉 to those Gentlemen Then the Pope's Legate labou●● with the King that those disinherited Gentlem●● might purchase their Lands of him by Fine and 〈◊〉 some Whereupon it was agreed that they 〈◊〉 have their Lands again at five Years value some 〈◊〉 excepted and others of small Possessions to 〈◊〉 Fined at the discretion of the King's Councel 〈◊〉 this took no conclusion saith my Author Anno 52. Aleyn Sowch being Mayor Thomas ●●sing● and Robert de Cornehyll Sherists we read of an●ther broyl beginning which was like to have crea●● no little disturbance in the Land had it not 〈◊〉 timely appeas'd and brought to an end by the inte●cession of wise Mediators For Gilbert de Clare Earl 〈◊〉 Glocester formerly a powerful Man among the B●rons Party by reason of difference and disgust ●●ising between him and the no less Potent Earl of 〈◊〉 of the same Party having turn'd to the King's side adding to it such considerable strength that it soon over powr'd the weakend Barons but ●●w upon what occasion Fabian expresses not he refused the King and gathered to him a strong 〈◊〉 in the Marches of Wales To him likewise drew Sir John Eyvile and others of the disinherited 〈◊〉 So that after Christmas he comes with a ●ear Host near unto London When the Mayor and Aldermen of the City were aware of the Earls ●●ming with so strong a Power and not knowing 〈◊〉 he were the Kings Freind they shut the 〈◊〉 against his Fore-Riders And for that neither 〈◊〉 King nor any of his Councel were then near 〈◊〉 City they went unto the Legate at that time ●●dged in the Tower and required his Councel ●hether they should suffer the Earl to enter into the ●ay or not whereunto the Legate answered that 〈◊〉 thought not the contrary for the knew well that 〈◊〉 was the Kings true Subject and Friend Not 〈◊〉 after came a Messenger from the Earl to the ●ayor to have Licence to pass through the City 〈◊〉 Southwark where he intended to lodge with 〈◊〉 People which was granted and so the Earl ●●ssed through the City and was lodg'd in South●ark To him came shortly after by Surry-side 〈◊〉 John Eyvile with a great Company Then the ●ayor kept the Gate of the Bridge shut watch●●g it dayly with armed Men and every night 〈◊〉 the Draw-Bridge to be drawn and the Waterside daily and nightly to be watched with Men in Arms. In short time after the Legate and the Earl agreed in such wise that the Earl by his advice was suffered with certain of his People to be lodged in the City By means whereof he daily drew more and more of his People into it so that finally many things were ordered by him and many of the Commons took his part against the Mayor and Aldermen The Commonalty of the City had had great Power put into their hands by the Statutes made at Oxford as appears before in the Meeting of the Fol●moot at Pauls Cross they had been lately fin'd after the Barons overthrow for their standing in defence of those Parliament-Acts and but the last year had been disturb'd by the Mayor in their Election of a new Mayor by force of Arms and therefore now we may beleive it all remembred What shall we loose so seasonable an opportunity we may suppose they might then think if not to regain our former power yet at least to vindicate our selves against future affronts Here we may note not a little of the Earls policy After he had gathered together his People he comes away to London and getting leave to pass through it 〈◊〉 part of his Forces he settles himself as near the City as he might in Southwark and then by degrees gets himself and his Power into the City hoping doubtless to find a Party therein willing to second him which hopes we perceive by the sequel were not ill grounded Is not this a plain instance of the Cities Power Esteem and Influence in these days If any can produce plainer proof hereof let them as soon as they please I think here 〈◊〉 Mathematical Demonstration matter of Fact not of Fancy In Easter week we read that the Earl took the Keys of the Bridge and of the Gates from the officers of the City and deliver'd them to such as pleased him and received into the City many of the disinherited Perfons and gave them free liberty to pass the Bridge at all hours of the day and night Of all this the Mayor sent word to the King who then was gathering of this Power in Norfolk and made hasty speed towards London In the mean time the Earl with his Company made Bulwarks and ●●●bicanes between the Tower and the City casting 〈◊〉 and Trenches in some places thereof and forf●ited it wonderfully saith my Author Then many of the Citizens fearing a new Insurrection deparred from the City as secretly as they could whose goods the Earl seized to his own use or suffered his men to spoile them at his pleasure

Then the Commons f●●getting their late punishment or rather too much remembring it and intending revenge withou● fear or dread of their King took certain of the Aldermen and cast them into Prison sequestring their Goods and spoiling much thereof And thereupon ran to Guild-hall and chose for their Mayor 〈◊〉 or Ruler of the City take which name you please Sir Richard de Culworth Knight and for Bayliffs Robert de Lynton and Roger Marshal and discharg'd the old Mayor and Sheriffs These the fruits of Civil Broils This being done we read in the next place that all such Prisoners that were in Newgate Ludgate and Criplegate or in any other Prisons within the City because of the Baron's War before passed were delivered and set at liberty Thus each Party when in Power strives to weaken and suppress their opposites and strengthen the●● own side What avails Laws Customes and Ordinances in the midst of Armies How suddainly ● how unexpectedly is the wheele turn'd who kno●● how soon the Barons War had been anew reviv'd had not Powerful Mediators interceded to the p●●vention of more blood shedding The Oxford S●●tutes stood in deed repeal'd by the Winchester Parliament but who can divine what new devices the wit of men backt with Power might in time ha●● found out to retreive their late overthrown cause had not Providence so dispos'd mens minds to peaceable Councels as to bring these new troubles to 〈◊〉 quicker end When the Legate beheld all this Discord we are told he repented him of his former Counce● given to the Mayor which we may easily belie●● without looking for any proofs thereof For th● Legate might well think himself accus'd in man● men's thoughts as one of the occasional Causes 〈◊〉 much of this disorder though it may be they mig●● not be so uncharitable as to believe him any othe●● then an accidental not designed Causer thereof 〈◊〉 seems by the History to have endeavour'd somewh●● to vindicate his Reputation when he saw he coul● not reform the Earl by threatning him with 〈◊〉 Censures of the Church and to accurse him as th● Disinherited were For that was always one o● the best Weapons the Popish Clergy were most de●trous at If any grievously displeas'd them no ma●ter what the cause was good or bad allowable by the Divine Laws or not to Curse him with Bell Book and Candle was their usual accustomed Practise Whosoever believes me not let him go to the Martyrologies see whether he can then beleive his 〈◊〉 eyes Yet I do not find let the instance here 〈◊〉 that this their Cursing had so general an 〈◊〉 upon all men as they would have had it 〈◊〉 they got it well backt by the Civil Magistrates ●●thority Therefore their common use was as 〈◊〉 had opportunity to inch out the Spiritual 〈◊〉 with the Temporal What did many value 〈◊〉 have their Souls given away to the Devil if they 〈◊〉 keep their Bodies out of Prisons from being ●●livered over to the Secular Power by the Clergy 〈◊〉 seem thus as it were by craft to call the Ma●istrate the Devil A plain case when Men to exalt ●●eir own Worldly grandure or out of Animosity to ●●venge a particular private peek or quarrel under ●●●tence of Religion usurpe a Power over Men's 〈◊〉 and Consciences which belongs not at all to 〈◊〉 or else turn the Edge of it to a use quite ●●●trary to the Primitive Institution it quickly 〈◊〉 its Ancient Vigour and Esteem and from a ●●error it becomes a scorn to persons of understan●●●g able enough to discern men's wicked preva●●cation from true Religion Were it not for the 〈◊〉 De Excommunicato c●piendo in some Cases Men 〈◊〉 little value Excommunication or look upon 〈◊〉 otherwise than a Scare-Crow to fright Children and Fools what 's hanging were it not for choak●●g To proceed after this menace and threat of the 〈◊〉 we are told that he commanded Divine Service to be said without Note and the Church doors to be shut in time thereof and that no Bell ●●ould be rung unto it to the Intent that the disinherited who stood accursed should not enter the Churches to hear it Upon three Weeks after Easter we hear that the King came to Ham a few miles from London whether likewise came the Legat soon after Then the King's host made divers assaults upon the City but it seems with little or no hur●to the Town it was so strongly fortified My Author makes mention of Guns and other Ordinances but I question whether he speakes not rather after the fashion of the Age he liv'd in than after the true use of armes in those more elderly times For the first invention of Gunpowder by Bertholdus Swart the G●rman Monk is plac'd by Chronologers a considerable time after In this time of variance the Legate upon his Party and the King of Romans upon the other party for alliance between him and the Earl of Glocester labour'd so to the King that Peace was spoken of During the Treaty the Soldiers lying in Southwarke made many Robberies in Surry and other places Neither did the King's Palace at Westminister escape for we hear that some of them rowd over thereto and Spoil'd it drunk up the Kings wine brake the glass of the Windows wasting and destroying other Necessaries thereunto belonging and came likewi●● sometimes into London and Robbed there Disorderly unruly Soldiers little regard any one unless they be kept under Strict discipline Sacred or Propha●● much the sameto many of them Some of these ●avenous Spoilers being taken are recorded to have had a severe Punishment inflicted on them through the Earl of Derby's means whose Body or C●g●zance they bare viz. bound hands and leggs put into a Sack and ●o cast into Thames About 〈◊〉 day was the Peace between the King and the Earl c●●cluded After this Conclusion the Earl removed out of the City and was lodg'd again in Southwark The King entred the City the Sunday before Mids●●er day according to the Book And forthwith the King's Proclamation were made through it of the peace made between the King and the Earl Af●●r was liberty given to the disinherited Persons of Eleven Days respit to shift for themselves either to depart to such Places where they might be in some Surety or else to agree to the former Composition made by the Legate viz. To pay the Fifth part of the Yearly Value of their Lands certain Persons only excepted as is before related As touching the Earl and such other as before were not disinherited together also with the Citizens of London they were clearly to be forgiven and Pardoned Then were restored to their Offices Aleyn Sowch Mayor Thomas Basynge and Robert de Cornhil Sheriffs And the Aldermen before deposed were again likewise restored to their Wards and Offices A happy Reconciliation Next comes the relation of the Legate's interdic●ing all the City the Wednesday following which endured from six of the clock in the Morning till three the next