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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	justice_n	king_n	law_n	4,449	5	4.8812	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33174	Cicero's prince the reasons and counsels for settlement and good government of a kingdom, collected out of Cicero's works / by T. R., esq.; Selections. English	Cicero, Marcus Tullius.; Bellenden, William, d. 1633?; Rymer, Thomas, 1641-1713.	1668 (1668)	Wing C4320; ESTC R18500	30,642	98

Cicero's Prince THE REASONS AND COUNSELS For Settlement and Good Government OF A KINGDOM Collected out of CICERO'S Works By T. R. Esq LONDON Printed for S. Mearne Bookbinder to the Kings Most Excellent Majesty and are to be sold at his house in Little-Britain 1668. To His Grace the DUKE of MONMOUTH AND BACCLEUGH c. THis Piece was once a Jewel wrapt up in Latine in the Cabinet of the Renowned Prince Henry and composed by an excellent Artist out of the rich Mines of that famous Statesman and Orator M. Tullius Cicero It hath in it Maximes which void of all stains and Flaws of Machiavillian Interest are raised only upon principles of Honor and Vertue which best become a Prince In the discourse they are directed to a Soveraign but may be of no less use to any great person whose Birth or Quality may render him capable of Derivative Authority in the management of affairs of State and what is Honorable and becoming a Prince must needs be so in his Ministers who should be his Imitators Your Graces qualifications and Years may reasonably expect ere long to be called to imployment in which your care and good conduct of your self may satisfie the expectation of the world and divert the censures of a malicious Age which your Grace prevents by considering your station and that though your years are but few yet Great Men as they are planted near the Prince ought to be like Trees on rich ground sooner ripe for affairs then other of meaner condition which cannot be without an early application of themselves to some serious thoughts of business either in the practice and observation of present transactions or by reading what hath been done in the world before them but of this your Grace is already sensible so that I have selected this for its Brevity only to lye by you as a Memorial to prompt you to put these Maximes in time into such practice as may gain you that Honor and esteem in the World to which with a Laudable Ambition you ought to aspire and render your self serviceable to your King and Country which is in this the sole design and most earnest desire of Your Graces in all duties of a faithful and humble servant T. R. Index of Chapters CHAP. 1. OF the excellency of Government in general of the Cause and Original of Civil Life Laws Republick Civil Societies and Cities Chap. 2. Of the Excellency of Kingly Government the Cause and Original of Kings Chap. 3. Of the Difficulties of Ruling the foundations and Arts thereof Chap. 4. Of the Princes Office in general what he ought to know do and consider Chap. 5. Of Prudence in Debates Counsels and Actions Chap. 6● Of Prudence in preventing Mischiefs destroying their beginnings means and remains Chap. 7. Cautions against the several Causes of Commotions and Seditions Chap. 8. Of the prudent Deportment of the Prince and the Helps to render him and his Government happy and glorious Chap. 9. Of Moderation in Government and use of Reason in Princes neglected by barbarous Princes Chap. 10. Of Princes Manners how they do good or harm by example Chap. 11. The preparation of necessaries Lenity and Continence preserve Neglect Cruelty and Avarice destroy government Chap. 12. Of Liberality convenient for a Prince Chap. 13. Of Reward and Punishment Chap. 14. Of the Princes Prudence in consideration of Times Things and Per●ons with several Rules and Cautions concerning them Chap. 15. Of the Princes Seal Senate Senators and Counsel Chap. 16. Of avoiding Flatterers Chap. 17. Of preserving Authority and shunning Vice by which it is diminished Chap. 18. What a Prince ought to do and have in readiness for defence of himself and his Government Chap. 19. Of exciting the slothful to industry and Labor that they may be useful to himself and the State c. Chap. 20. Of the Virtues which invite the people to love the Prince and the Vices which alienate their affections Chap. 21. Of the care studie and offices of the Prince and in what they consist Chap. 22. Seven things whence the destruction or safty of a Prince and Government proceeds and whereon it depends Chap. 23. Four Guards by which the Prince may secure himself and his power Chap. 24. Of prudence in foreign affairs and several cautions concerning Forrainers Cicero's Prince CHAP. 1. The Excellency of Government and Power the Cause and Original of Civil Life Laws Commonwealths Society and Cities EVery Nature which is not Solitary and Simple but connexed and joyned with some other must of necessity have something within in it self that Governs as in Man the Understanding in Beasts something like it whence their Appetites arise on a Republick Magistracy which orders and prescribes what is Just Profitable and suitable to the Laws Nothing therefore is more agreeable to the Equitable condition of Nature then Government without which no Family no Society of Men no Nation not even Mankinde nor the world it self can subsist For the Universe obeyeth God and to his Dictates and Commands the Seas Earth and the Being of Mankind is subject as to their Supreme Law-giver To these when we apply and add Good Affections they produce that Foundation of stability which we desire in Government For Virtue is not Rude Cruel or Proud but assisting to the Defence of all Men best consults for their safety ordained by Nature as the surest Guard of Kingly Power and Humane Society to reconcile and unite them Time was when Men like Beasts lived in open Fields sustaining life with wilde Food not acting so much by the Reason of the Soul as strength of the Body having then no knowledge of Divine Religion or Humane Offices No man reflected on lawful Marriage or reguarded the Legitimacy of his Children altogether ignorant of that benefit which arising from the Laws of Equity so that through Error and Ignorance Blind and Rash Desire predominant in the Minde abused the strength of the Body to satisfie it self by pernicious Force Some therefore who first excelled in Virtue and Wisdom collected the dispersed into one place and out of that Barbarity brought them to Justice and Humanity And then those things which were of Publike Utility termed by us common Conventions of men after called Civil Societies with the Invention of Divine and Humane Laws in Houses built together denominated Cities and encompassed them with walls CHAP. 2 The Excellency of Regal Power the Cause and Origen of Kings and Laws BUt that I may come to things nearer and more known to us All Nations anciently were Govern'd by Kings which kind of Government was at first conferred on Persons most Just and this in our Republick while subject to Regal Power was most highly valued and derived to Posterity still remaining in those who now Reign with Purple the Scepter and other Ensigns of Royal Authority But the well moderated Monarchy to Me seems not only to have been of old constituted among the Medes according to Herodotus but even

among our Ancestors for the fruition of Justice for when in the beginning the multitude was oppressed by such as exceeded them in wealth they immediately had recourse to some one person eminent for Virtue who protecting the weak from injury kept all degrees of men by exact Rules of Justice within the bounds of Equity so that Kings and Laws had the same Origin for equal Right was that which all men sought and if they obtained it from a just and good man they were content but failing of it they then invented Laws which spoke with the same voice to all Persons It is therefore most evident that such only were chosen to command of whose Justice the People had great opinion and from them alone if they likewise were prudent they believed all good to be derived to them CHAP. 3. The Difficulties Arts and Foundations of Government BUt these disaffected to Monarchy would not pretend a total exemption from Obedience but not alwayes to be subject to one it therefore imports a Great and Wise Prince by his Studies of the best Arts and Learning to render himself such in this high Command as nothing may seem wanting to compleat him for Government which of all Arts is the most difficult The Foundations and parts of it which a Prince must preserve and defend even with the hazard of his Life are Religion the Power of Magistrates the Authority of Senates Laws Ancient Customes Justice Publick Faith his Provinces Allies the Dignity of his Crown Militia and Treasury Yet are there two Things by which all Requisite to Government in a State may be secured viz. Knowledge how to Govern and exact Discipline in the Administration of the Laws The first of these of great Advantage and absolutely necessary to a Prince containeth in it knowledge of Armies Camps Battles Sieges Provisions for Troops c. with all things pertaining to War The other of no less necessity but often of greater Utility its subject Matter considered is understanding Civil Affairs the Authority of the Publick Laws Records and Examples of Antiquity and whatsoever else may advance and conduce to the Benefit of the Common-wealth But although these things are set down in Precepts yet is it too difficult to be conformable to them in all parts of a Politick Life because what is in the hands of Fortune is to be govern'd according to Accidents by time and so to be provided for by Council which was the custome of our Ancestors who to all new Emergencies of Time did always accommodate new Resolves So that this knowledge in Publick Affairs which we here mention is acquired not by the daily affected talking of any particular Minister nor Formal Determination of Schools or Republicks painted out in Books but a diligent observation of greatest Actions the memory of many and practice of more by a continual exercise and serious use of such things as are daily observed to have been of Advantage or disadvantage to the Commonwealth CHAP. 4. Of the Office of a Prince in General what he ought to know do and consider IN the administration of Matters of greatest moment there are Various Acts of Councils and Times which depend wholly upon the Prince and therefore require his greatest care and diligence For the Publick being to be formed and governed by Councils and honest and profitable Actions it is necessary the Princes Judgment and Virtue should appear most eminent And that his Empire may be preserved that Prudence which is to be seen in his Choice of Good or Evil Ministers is to be quickned by his calling of Councils continuing or dismissing them in requiring giving taking communicating changing and rejecting advice as likewise in Actions by undertaking executing or laying aside designs All which as they concern the Commonwealth the chief is perfectly to understand the Military Force what Treasure what Allies what Confederates what Stipendaries and by what Tyes of Amity Conditions and Leagues they are obliged To maintain a constant custom of determining Causes to consider Examples of Ancestors the Original of their Power Publick Laws the Intent Manners and Discipline of the Commonwealth For as a Pilot purposeth to himself a safe Course a Physician the Recovery of his Patient and the General of an Army Victory so the Design of a Prince should be the Happiness of his people that they may be strong in Power abundant in plenty Great and Glorious in Virtue and Honor and to effect this work the best Princes should be most industrious Yet is it not to be expected they should haue their eyes upon all things but if knowingly they omit any thing it is a great Crime and they contract something of anothers guilt if their care could have prevented it but if any thing happen which they could not obviate the fault is not theirs And this hath often befaln the wisest men who as the best Pilot cannot withstand the Fury of a Tempest could not overcome the violence and insult of Fortune yet this few rightly consider all things being expected from Him to whom nothing ought at least to be refused to perform all things conducing to the Publick good I will not reflect on the miserable condition of our Provinces in their Government wherein Diligence is Faction Neglect Dishonor Severity dangerous Bounty unacceptable common conversation treacherous compliance pernicious every man seems chearful while most are discontented Malice secret Dissimulation open obsequiously observing their new Governors honoring them when present and deserting when absent Many of these things happen to the best of Princes but they like valiant men should trust so much to their fortitude as not to fear any assault of Fortune by performing all things with Wisdom Courage and Justice For though many men weigh Councils by Events and conclude that whoever hath had Success he foresaw much and who was not so Fortunate understood little it was always my judgment to value every mans Virtue or Fortune by his Actions not by events Who can promise to perpetuate happiness to his Country or who so hold the Helm of Government in all weathers as not to be shaken in a violent Storm Let it be your endeavor to keep the Ship steddy and in a safe Course and when the Windes rise it is sufficient if your Art and care be not wanting for that is all that Virtue can perform Be sure always whether busied in Publick Affairs or diverted by Recreations to consider the Tenure of your Power by what Virtue Care and Honor of your Ancestors it was acquired augmented and preserved and how it is to be maintained governed and confirmed by your Own * Miltiades vvas that brave Athenian General vvho vvith 10000 men discomfited the Persian Army of 600000 in the battle of Marathom the honor of vvhich victory made Themistocles ambitious to perform things as great Themistocles walked the streets in the night because he could not sleep and being asked the Reason replied that Miltiades his Trophies kept him waking