the_o meerbark_n outside_n and_o inconsiderable_a part_n of_o the_o law_n and_o indeed_o non_fw-la sunt_fw-la jura_fw-la they_o be_v not_o law_n the_o rule_n that_o we_o have_v in_o plead_v that_o parol_v font_n plea_n that_o be_v whatsoever_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o case_n be_v that_o be_v his_o case_n and_o that_o he_o must_v stand_v to_o as_o he_o have_v plead_v and_o the_o other_o rule_n that_o a_o man_n plea_n shall_v be_v take_v most_o strong_o against_o himself_o where_o it_o be_v doubtful_a these_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a it_o be_v strange_a to_o conclude_v any_o man_n where_o there_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o word_n from_o lay_v open_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o case_n this_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o invegle_v the_o court_n and_o make_v they_o give_v a_o unjust_a judgement_n and_o if_o they_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o mistake_n and_o yet_o judge_v according_a to_o that_o i_o doubt_v whether_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n will_v another_o day_n be_v a_o 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the_o make_n of_o they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o persuade_v our_o great_a parliament_n to_o a_o total_a extirpation_n of_o such_o immaterial_a nicety_n i_o doubt_v not_o in_o good_a time_n we_o shall_v have_v a_o act_n make_v which_o will_v full_o answer_v our_o desire_n therein_o which_o will_v be_v much_o for_o the_o good_a and_o ease_n of_o the_o people_n and_o no_o less_o beneficial_a to_o lawyer_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o i_o shall_v treat_v of_o be_v conveyance_n and_o therein_o propound_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o the_o many_o sort_n of_o tedious_a and_o long_a conveyance_n now_o in_o use_n stand_v with_o reason_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o not_o there_o be_v many_o sort_n of_o conveyance_n in_o our_o law_n and_o i_o doubt_v too_o many_o to_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n as_o feoffment_n fine_n recovery_n bargain_n and_o sale_n covenant_n to_o stand_v seize_v to_o use_n etc._n etc._n most_o of_o which_o be_v so_o swell_v and_o 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disseisin_n abatement_n intrusion_n and_o other_o wrongful_a and_o defeasible_a estate_n where_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o feoffor_n be_v lawful_a which_o neither_o fine_a recovery_n nor_o bargain_n and_o sale_n by_o deedindented_a and_o enrol_v do_v and_o that_o this_o kind_n of_o assurance_n may_v find_v the_o better_a esteem_n and_o approbation_n i_o shall_v first_o inform_v you_o what_o it_o be_v and_o then_o show_v you_o the_o venerable_a antiquity_n of_o it_o feoffment_n be_v derive_v of_o the_o ancient_a word_n feâ—dum_n quia_fw-la est_fw-la donatio_fw-la feodi_fw-la because_o it_o be_v a_o give_n of_o the_o fee_n for_o the_o ancient_a writer_n of_o the_o law_n call_v a_o feoffment_n donatio_fw-la of_o the_o verb_n do_v or_o dedi_fw-la which_o be_v the_o apt_a word_n of_o feoffment_n and_o now_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o out_o of_o no_o other_o author_n but_o holy_a writ_n for_o say_v my_o lord_n cook_n that_o word_n ephron_n use_v when_o he_o enfeoff_v abraham_n say_v i_o give_v thou_o the_o field_n of_o machpelah_n over_o against_o mamre_n and_o the_o cave_n therein_o i_o give_v thou_o and_o all_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o field_n and_o the_o border_n round_o about_o all_o which_o be_v make_v sure_a unto_o abraham_n for_o a_o possession_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o witness_n genesis_n cap._n 23._o vers._n 11._o and_o when_o the_o kinsman_n of_o elimelech_n give_v unto_o boas_n the_o parcel_n of_o land_n that_o be_v elimelech_n he_o take_v off_o his_o shoe_n and_o give_v it_o unto_o boas_n in_o the_o name_n of_o seisin_n of_o the_o land_n after_o the_o manner_n in_o israel_n in_o the_o presence_n and_o with_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o witness_n ruth_n cap._n 4._o ver._n 7_o 8._o deut._n 25._o 9_o 10._o thus_o you_o have_v the_o antiquity_n likewise_o of_o a_o feoffment_n now_o this_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o ancient_a conveyance_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v most_o in_o use_n cook_n upon_o litt._n fol._n 6._o a._o say_v that_o there_o be_v eight_o formal_a or_o orderly_a part_n of_o a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n as_o the_o premise_n the_o habendum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o he_o say_v all_o those_o part_n be_v contain_v in_o very_o few_o and_o significant_a word_n haec_fw-la fuit_fw-la candida_fw-la illius_fw-la aetatis_fw-la fides_fw-la et_fw-la simplicitas_fw-la quae_fw-la pauculis_fw-la lineis_fw-la omnia_fw-la fidei_fw-la firmamenta_fw-la posuerunt_fw-la and_o a_o feoffment_n be_v good_a without_o these_o formal_a part_n fol._n 7._o a._n for_o if_o a_o man_n by_o his_o deed_n give_v land_n to_o another_o and_o his_o heir_n without_o more_o say_n this_o be_v good_a if_o he_o put_v his_o seal_n to_o the_o deed_n deliver_v it_o and_o make_v livery_n according_o i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a upon_o this_o conveyance_n by_o way_n of_o
be_v allow_v till_o the_o contrary_a be_v preve_v but_o no_o long_o and_o certain_o if_o ever_o there_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a exception_n to_o any_o rule_n this_o may_v pass_v for_o one_o my_o lord_n cook_n say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v attempt_v in_o parliament_n that_o a_o statute_n may_v be_v make_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v bar_v by_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n but_o where_o asset_n descend_v from_o the_o same_o ancestor_n but_o it_o never_o take_v effect_n because_o say_v he_o that_o it_o will_v weaken_v common_a assurance_n rot._n parliament_n 50._o e._n 3._o num._n 77._o this_o be_v a_o reason_n urge_v in_o defence_n of_o common_a recovery_n likewise_o the_o english_a of_o it_o be_v but_o this_o i_o may_v bar_v another_o man_n of_o his_o just_a and_o lawful_a right_n to_o fortify_v a_o wrongful_a title_n otherwise_o it_o will_v weaken_v common_a assurance_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n but_o man_n right_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o favour_v as_o common_a assurance_n a_o heir_n as_o much_o as_o a_o purchasor_n to_o conclude_v i_o wish_v a_o second_o attempt_n be_v make_v in_o this_o present_a parliament_n against_o these_o collateral_a warranty_n and_o then_o i_o shall_v not_o despair_v of_o redress_n of_o so_o unreasonable_a a_o law_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o be_v plead_n and_o therein_o i_o shall_v propound_v this_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n or_o conscience_n that_o any_o man_n plea_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v nought_o and_o avoid_v at_o any_o time_n for_o any_o matter_n of_o form_n false_a latin_a double_a plea_n departure_n or_o any_o other_o defect_n whatsoever_o the_o case_n and_o matter_n itself_o sufficient_o appear_v upon_o the_o record_n for_o which_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v first_o that_o i_o may_v clear_v the_o question_n of_o some_o thing_n doubtful_a in_o it_o i_o have_v add_v to_o it_o at_o any_o time_n because_o in_o some_o case_n and_o sometime_o such_o defective_a plea_n be_v already_o help_v by_o stat._n as_o you_o will_v find_v after_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o inform_v you_o what_o matter_n of_o form_n be_v the_o word_n itself_o sufficient_o speak_v it_o double_a plea_n be_v when_o a_o man_n in_o plead_v allege_v several_a thing_n the_o one_o not_o necessary_o depend_v upon_o the_o other_o etc._n etc._n departure_n be_v when_o a_o man_n go_v from_o his_o former_a plea_n and_o plead_v some_o new_a matter_n these_o will_v vitiate_v plead_n and_o put_v a_o man_n to_o a_o new_a action_n but_o to_o the_o case_n itself_o m._n littleton_n i_o remember_v say_v that_o plead_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o honourable_a and_o profitable_a thing_n in_o our_o law_n and_o therefore_o advise_v his_o son_n to_o bend_v his_o endeavour_n to_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o i_o believe_v it_o indeed_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o profitable_a thing_n i_o mean_v to_o the_o lawyer_n but_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v in_o it_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o honour_n i_o know_v not_o where_o it_o lie_v except_o it_o be_v in_o this_o that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o subtle_a lawyer_n a_o picklock_n of_o the_o law_n one_o who_o can_v discover_v a_o flaw_n or_o defect_n in_o any_o plea_n present_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o this_o be_v the_o honour_n i_o believe_v to_o be_v able_a to_o vex_v and_o trouble_v and_o undo_v people_n by_o various_a suit_n if_o this_o be_v the_o honour_n though_o i_o hope_v no_o man_n will_v therefore_o count_v i_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o this_o knowledge_n because_o i_o speak_v against_o it_o let_v who_o will_v take_v it_o for_o i_o cook_n upon_o litt._n fol._n 303._o 304._o observe_v that_o many_o a_o good_a cause_n be_v daily_o lose_v for_o want_n of_o orderly_a and_o good_a plead_n the_o more_o the_o pity_n and_o after_o he_o say_v when_o i_o diligent_o consider_v the_o course_n of_o our_o book_n of_o year_n and_o term_n from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 3._o i_o observe_v that_o more_o jangle_v and_o question_n grow_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o plead_v and_o exception_n to_o form_n then_o upon_o the_o matter_n itself_o and_o infinite_a cause_n lose_v or_o delay_v for_o want_n of_o good_a plead_n what_o a_o gross_a shame_n and_o most_o unconscionable_a thing_n be_v this_o that_o form_n shall_v be_v insist_v upon_o more_o than_o matter_n and_o the_o client_n shall_v lose_v his_o case_n or_o have_v it_o delay_v for_o formality_n the_o client_n sue_v not_o at_o law_n for_o to_o make_v case_n or_o question_n or_o to_o occasion_n scruple_n about_o nice_a formality_n but_o to_o have_v justice_n do_v according_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o case_n and_o this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o law_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o controversy_n in_o do_v right_a to_o the_o party_n without_o delay_n or_o regard_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o case_n itself_o interest_n reipublicae_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la finis_fw-la litium_fw-la it_o very_o much_o concern_v the_o commonwealth_n that_o strife_n be_v end_v and_o not_o that_o one_o dispute_n or_o controversy_n shall_v occasion_v another_o much_o less_o that_o contention_n shall_v be_v about_o word_n the_o matter_n lay_v aside_o and_o the_o party_n depart_v not_o as_o he_o come_v but_o in_o a_o worse_a condition_n his_o money_n fruitless_o expend_v and_o his_o right_n if_o not_o lose_v suspend_v my_o lord_n cook_n say_v again_o that_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o observation_n and_o so_o indeed_o it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 2._o e._n 1._o and_o upward_o the_o plead_n be_v plain_a and_o sensible_a but_o nothing_o curious_a evermore_o have_v chief_a respect_n to_o matter_n not_o to_o form_n of_o word_n i_o be_o sure_a we_o can_v say_v so_o of_o these_o latter_a time_n for_o i_o be_o confident_a they_o be_v never_o more_o nice_a and_o captious_a than_o of_o late_a then_o he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 3._o plead_n grow_v to_o perfection_n both_o without_o lameness_n and_o curiousity_n and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 6._o the_o judge_n give_v a_o quick_a ear_n to_o exception_n to_o plead_n than_o either_o their_o predecessor_n do_v or_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 4._o or_o since_o that_o time_n have_v do_v give_v no_o way_n to_o nice_a exception_n so_o long_o as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v sufficient_o show_v i_o attribute_v much_o of_o honour_n and_o respect_n to_o my_o lord_n cook_n yet_o i_o shall_v crave_v that_o freedom_n to_o deliver_v what_o be_v truth_n and_o that_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o plead_n be_v never_o more_o curious_a and_o subtle_a than_o of_o late_a and_o never_o more_o nice_a exception_n give_v way_n to_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o meddle_v with_o the_o order_n of_o plead_v as_o first_o to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n second_o to_o the_o person_n etc._n etc._n which_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o their_o due_a course_n or_o you_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o former_a nor_o yet_o with_o my_o lord_n cook_n rule_n of_o plead_v in_o his_o institute_n in_o which_o he_o be_v very_o large_a i_o go_v not_o about_o to_o teach_v or_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o form_n and_o subtlety_n of_o our_o plea_n though_o they_o be_v worth_a the_o know_v yea_o and_o observe_v too_o so_o that_o the_o client_n may_v not_o be_v prejudice_v for_o want_n or_o defect_n of_o such_o form_n for_o the_o double_a plea_n i_o can_v understand_v any_o just_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v that_o reason_n which_o the_o law_n give_v be_v that_o the_o court_n and_o jury_n may_v be_v invegle_v by_o such_o plea_n i_o have_v inquire_v exact_o into_o this_o reason_n but_o can_v find_v how_o or_o which_o way_n and_o i_o do_v profess_v myself_o one_o of_o my_o lord_n cook_n non-intelligent_n too_o for_o he_o say_v the_o law_n in_o this_o point_n be_v by_o they_o that_o understand_v not_o the_o reason_n thereof_o mislike_v and_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v myself_o of_o their_o mind_n who_o say_v nemo_fw-la prohibetur_fw-la pluribus_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la uti_fw-la no_o man_n be_v prohibit_v to_o use_v several_a defence_n and_o so_o likewise_o for_o the_o departure_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v bar_v or_o conclude_v from_o offer_v any_o other_o or_o new_a matter_n but_o that_o any_o man_n may_v at_o any_o time_n make_v the_o best_a of_o his_o own_o case_n certain_o judge_n ought_v to_o have_v principal_a regard_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o every_o man_n case_n that_o that_o may_v be_v discover_v thereby_o the_o better_a to_o enable_v they_o to_o give_v righteous_a and_o true_a judgement_n not_o to_o form_n or_o word_n these_o be_v but_o apices_fw-la legis_fw-la
reason_n and_o conscience_n to_o pay_v his_o debt_n as_o a_o man_n of_o full_a age_n why_o then_o the_o law_n shall_v not_o tie_v he_o to_o it_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n i_o mean_v for_o debt_n contract_v after_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n and_o if_o the_o law_n then_o judge_v he_o to_o be_v discreet_a why_o shall_v it_o not_o make_v he_o just_a and_o honest_a man_n of_o themselves_o natural_o be_v too_o prone_a to_o injustice_n and_o unrighteous_a deal_n one_o with_o another_o therefore_o very_o unfit_a that_o they_o shall_v receive_v the_o least_o encouragement_n to_o it_o how_o frequent_a a_o thing_n be_v it_o for_o man_n in_o such_o case_n to_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o infancy_n and_o most_o unjust_o to_o cozen_v their_o creditor_n of_o their_o just_a debt_n which_o in_o conscience_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v the_o creditors_n fault_n to_o trust_v such_o a_o one_o who_o be_v under_o age_n and_o therefore_o if_o he_o suffer_v he_o may_v thank_v himself_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o though_o the_o ignorance_n of_o law_n will_v not_o excuse_v a_o man_n the_o ignorance_n of_o fact_n will_v and_o how_o a_o man_n shall_v know_v such_o a_o one_o to_o be_v a_o infant_n since_o many_o nay_o most_o man_n may_v and_o do_v deceive_v their_o judge_n by_o their_o look_n i_o can_v think_v or_o imagine_v and_o he_o that_o shall_v inquire_v his_o customer_n age_n may_v sit_v still_o in_o his_o shop_n and_o blow_v his_o finger_n for_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v to_o do_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o certain_o that_o law_n be_v most_o just_a that_o give_v the_o least_o liberty_n or_o advantage_n of_o fraud_n or_o deceit_n to_o man_n the_o next_o thing_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o short_a be_v clergy_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v propound_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o clergy_n be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o justice_n or_o no_o clergy_n be_v when_o a_o man_n be_v convict_v of_o manslaughter_n or_o any_o other_o crime_n or_o offence_n for_o which_o he_o may_v have_v his_o book_n and_o thereupon_o pray_v his_o clergy_n that_o be_v that_o he_o may_v have_v his_o book_n which_o be_v grant_v the_o ordinary_a be_v a_o clergy_n man_n and_o heretofore_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o ordinary_a open_v the_o book_n and_o turn_v he_o to_o a_o place_n to_o read_v and_o read_v the_o court_n demand_v whether_o he_o read_v as_o a_o clerk_n if_o the_o ordinary_a say_v that_o he_o do_v he_o save_v his_o life_n by_o it_o and_o be_v only_o burn_v in_o the_o hand_n we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o original_a of_o this_o use_n of_o clergy_n be_v at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o world_n be_v in_o its_o minority_n i_o mean_v this_o little_a world_n and_o there_o be_v but_o few_o clerk_n or_o learned_a man_n and_o then_o in_o favour_n and_o for_o encouragement_n of_o learning_n as_o also_o for_o supply_v of_o place_n which_o be_v destitute_a of_o man_n of_o such_o ability_n this_o law_n or_o privilege_n of_o clergy_n be_v invent_v and_o approve_v of_o for_o save_v of_o such_o man_n life_n in_o some_o case_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o woman_n can_v not_o have_v their_o book_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v clerk_n now_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o any_o one_o whether_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n hold_v to_o this_o day_n or_o not_o if_o it_o do_v not_o what_o reason_n can_v there_o be_v to_o continue_v it_o for_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n be_v cessante_fw-la causâ_fw-la cessat_fw-la effectus_fw-la the_o cause_n cease_v the_o effect_n likewise_o cease_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o nothing_o more_o evident_a for_o certain_o god_n be_v thank_v for_o it_o england_n never_o more_o abound_v with_o learned_a man_n than_o it_o do_v now_o and_o therefore_o no_o want_n of_o such_o clerk_n as_o they_o be_v that_o this_o law_n stand_v not_o with_o reason_n i_o shall_v offer_v these_o thing_n to_o consideration_n first_o the_o slightness_n and_o inconsiderableness_n especial_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v now_o of_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o read_v of_o a_o line_n or_o two_o shall_v save_v a_o man_n life_n by_o which_o the_o crime_n be_v no_o way_n answer_v or_o satisfy_v for_o second_o it_o may_v prove_v very_o unjust_a for_o if_o several_a man_n be_v convict_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o offence_n one_o may_v happy_o read_v the_o other_o not_o so_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v thereby_o save_v his_o life_n and_o the_o other_o suffer_v which_o can_v stand_v with_o justice_n but_o where_o they_o be_v both_o equal_o guilty_a and_o so_o have_v deserve_v death_n yet_o to_o pardon_v one_o may_v be_v just_a for_o that_o the_o one_o may_v have_v be_v a_o more_o notorious_a offender_n than_o the_o other_o and_o so_o not_o deserve_v the_o least_o favour_n but_o for_o one_o to_o have_v power_n to_o save_v himself_o and_o not_o the_o other_o that_o i_o judge_v very_o hard_a and_o unreasonable_a last_o if_o there_o be_v reason_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o in_o many_o place_n the_o character_n be_v a_o old_a letter_n too_o and_o so_o hard_a to_o be_v read_v make_v it_o very_o unreasonable_a so_o that_o i_o may_v safe_o say_v be_v it_o not_o through_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o court_n not_o one_o of_o twenty_o can_v save_v their_o life_n by_o read_v since_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o law_n as_o there_o be_v not_o for_o any_o that_o want_v reason_n for_o the_o support_n of_o it_o i_o think_v it_o be_v better_o in_o such_o case_n where_o clergy_n be_v allowable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v only_o burn_v in_o the_o hand_n as_o woman_n be_v and_o so_o set_v at_o liberty_n which_o nevertheless_o i_o submit_v to_o grave_a judgement_n the_o next_o i_o shall_v write_v of_o be_v the_o distinction_n in_o law_n betwixt_o murder_n and_o manslaughter_n and_o therein_o put_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o the_o law_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o suffer_v death_n for_o manslaughter_n be_v not_o against_o the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o distinction_n in_o law_n betwixt_o murder_n and_o manslaughter_n be_v thus_o murder_n be_v when_o one_o be_v slay_v with_o a_o man_n will_n and_o with_o malice_n prepense_a or_o forethought_a as_o where_o two_o fall_v out_o one_o day_n appoint_v the_o field_n the_o next_o day_n and_o then_o meet_v according_a and_o one_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v this_o be_v murder_n in_o the_o other_o be_v do_v premeditated_o and_o upon_o cool_a blood_n and_o for_o this_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o have_v his_o clergy_n but_o shall_v suffer_v death_n homicide_n or_o manslaughter_n as_o it_o be_v legal_o take_v be_v when_o one_o be_v slay_v with_o a_o man_n will_n but_o not_o with_o malice_n prepense_a as_o where_o two_o be_v together_o fall_v out_o and_o both_o draw_v upon_o each_o other_o and_o one_o kill_v the_o other_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o hot_a blood_n be_v but_o manslaughter_n for_o which_o he_o shall_v have_v his_o clergy_n and_o save_v his_o life_n now_o how_o this_o distinction_n stand_v with_o the_o word_n of_o god_n that_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v by_o the_o judicial_a law_n exod._n 21._o 12._o he_o that_o smite_v a_o man_n and_o he_o die_v shall_v die_v the_o death_n and_o numb._n 35._o vers._n 16._o and_o if_o one_o smite_v another_o with_o a_o instrument_n of_o iron_n or_o with_o a_o stone_n or_o other_o instrument_n as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o verse_n follow_v that_o he_o die_v he_o be_v a_o murderer_n and_o the_o murderer_n shall_v die_v the_o death_n say_v the_o marginal_a note_n witting_o and_o willing_o and_o certain_o in_o the_o case_n of_o manslaughter_n the_o man_n be_v witting_o and_o willing_o kill_v i_o can_v cite_v many_o other_o place_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a now_o in_o these_o place_n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o that_o kill_v another_o shall_v die_v the_o death_n here_o be_v no_o such_o qualification_n or_o distinction_n as_o murder_n and_o manslaughter_n it_o be_v true_a that_o where_o a_o man_n kill_v another_o unaware_o per_fw-la infortunium_fw-la as_o we_o say_v in_o law_n which_o we_o call_v chancemedd_o in_o such_o case_n because_o it_o be_v not_o do_v with_o his_o will_n it_o please_v god_n in_o mercy_n to_o provide_v sanctuary_n or_o city_n of_o refuge_n for_o such_o offender_n to_o flee_v unto_o to_o save_v their_o life_n and_o the_o only_a punishment_n be_v that_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v there_o unto_o the_o death_n of_o the_o highpriest_n so_o
in_o our_o law_n where_o one_o be_v slay_v casual_o and_o by_o misadventure_n without_o the_o will_n of_o he_o that_o do_v the_o act_n he_o shall_v not_o die_v for_o it_o but_o instead_o of_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n aforesaid_a that_o he_o may_v not_o go_v altogether_o unpunished_a who_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o death_n he_o forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n for_o it_o it_o be_v plain_a and_o evident_a therefore_o by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n that_o he_o that_o wilful_o kill_v another_o shall_v suffer_v death_n for_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o hot_a or_o cool_a blood_n it_o differ_v not_o how_o then_o can_v that_o law_n be_v just_a be_v it_o upon_o what_o politic_a principle_n soever_o that_o save_v the_o life_n of_o such_o a_o offender_n other_o satisfaction_n can_v be_v none_o and_o if_o god_n require_v that_o how_o dare_v we_o do_v the_o contrary_a he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n in_o heat_n of_o blood_n deserve_v to_o be_v hang_v when_o it_o be_v cool_a and_o it_o be_v a_o sad_a and_o doleful_a thing_n to_o consider_v how_o many_o thousand_o of_o life_n this_o law_n have_v take_v away_o by_o encourage_v other_o to_o commit_v the_o same_o offence_n consider_v their_o life_n be_v not_o in_o danger_n i_o shall_v conclude_v it_o with_o that_o in_o the_o numb._n cap._n 35._o vers._n 33._o blood_n defile_v the_o land_n and_o the_o land_n can_v be_v cleanse_v of_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v shed_v therein_o but_o by_o the_o blood_n of_o he_o that_o shed_v it_o the_o next_o thing_n that_o come_v in_o consideration_n be_v concerning_o counsel_n in_o treason_n or_o felony_n and_o in_o that_o i_o shall_v propound_v this_o short_a question_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o have_v counsel_n upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n that_o the_o law_n be_v such_o it_o be_v admit_v and_o without_o dispute_n and_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v give_v for_o it_o be_v that_o the_o indictment_n be_v heretofore_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o king_n the_o king_n intend_v nothing_o but_o justice_n with_o favour_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v be_v content_v that_o the_o justice_n shall_v help_v forth_o the_o party_n as_o far_o as_o reason_n and_o justice_n may_v suffer_v and_o that_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o pertain_v to_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v the_o judge_n shall_v so_o instruct_v the_o party_n that_o they_o incur_v no_o damage_n thereby_o this_o reason_n at_o the_o first_o aspect_n seem_v very_o plausible_a but_o better_o dive_v into_o i_o doubt_v it_o will_v not_o appear_v so_o do_v not_o we_o know_v that_o though_o the_o judge_n be_v swear_v to_o do_v right_a between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n that_o yet_o they_o be_v the_o more_o immediate_a counsel_n of_o the_o king_n and_o though_o a_o poor_a man_n may_v happy_o find_v justice_n as_o have_v nothing_o but_o a_o life_n to_o lose_v i_o doubt_v it_o do_v not_o always_o fare_v so_o with_o the_o rich_a and_o therefore_o heretofore_o when_o any_o gentleman_n have_v commit_v any_o crime_n for_o which_o his_o life_n be_v in_o danger_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o inquire_v in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o estate_n he_o have_v and_o if_o it_o be_v answer_v a_o good_a estate_n it_o be_v thereupon_o reply_v that_o be_v enough_o to_o hang_v he_o then_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o commit_v the_o offence_n but_o his_o estate_n be_v beg_v of_o the_o king_n by_o some_o great_a courtier_n and_o what_o relation_n there_o be_v then_o between_o the_o judge_n and_o the_o court_n we_o very_o well_o know_v but_o to_o say_v no_o more_o but_o this_o suppose_v it_o shall_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o judge_n be_v a_o weak_a ignorant_a man_n himself_o before_o who_o the_o trial_n be_v as_o we_o have_v not_o be_v want_v of_o the_o like_a experience_n in_o our_o age_n who_o then_o shall_v advise_v the_o prisoner_n be_v not_o this_o then_o a_o case_n of_o great_a extremity_n and_o injustice_n to_o conclude_v in_o the_o most_o petty_a ordinary_a and_o inconsiderable_a action_n that_o be_v the_o law_n allow_v a_o man_n counsel_n why_o then_o shall_v it_o be_v deny_v he_o in_o a_o case_n of_o the_o high_a concernment_n to_o he_o that_o can_v be_v his_o life_n if_o he_o shall_v have_v counsel_n in_o lesser_a thing_n why_o not_o in_o great_a where_o there_o be_v most_o need_n of_o it_o we_o say_v that_o life_n be_v one_o of_o the_o law_n favourite_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o deal_v withal_o in_o this_o case_n but_o now_o the_o court_n be_v go_v i_o hope_v this_o law_n will_v in_o time_n be_v alter_v the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v action_n for_o slanderous_a word_n in_o which_o i_o make_v this_o question_n whether_o action_n for_o slanderous_a word_n be_v mere_a contentious_a suit_n aught_o in_o reason_n or_o conscience_n to_o be_v so_o much_o countenance_v as_o they_o be_v never_o do_v these_o action_n more_o abound_v to_o the_o great_a and_o intolerable_a vexation_n of_o the_o people_n than_o they_o do_v now_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v and_o certain_o never_o in_o a_o better_a time_n than_o now_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v suppress_v that_o word_n only_o of_o brangle_n heat_n and_o choler_n may_v not_o be_v so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o those_o high_a and_o honourable_a court_n of_o justice_n for_o i_o profess_v for_o my_o part_n i_o judge_v of_o they_o as_o a_o great_a dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n and_o the_o professor_n thereof_o especial_o when_o i_o consider_v that_o they_o be_v use_v only_o to_o promote_v the_o malice_n and_o vent_v the_o spleen_n of_o private_a jar_n and_o discontent_n among_o man_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o condemn_v all_o action_n for_o word_n neither_o for_o it_o be_v just_a and_o equal_a that_o where_o a_o man_n life_n livelihood_n or_o reputation_n which_o be_v dear_a and_o near_o to_o he_o than_o the_o former_a be_v much_o prejudice_v and_o endanger_v by_o such_o scandal_n that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o offender_n shall_v be_v enforce_v by_o action_n to_o make_v compensation_n but_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v flee_v to_o the_o law_n out_o of_o malice_n and_o make_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n maintainer_n of_o every_o small_a and_o vain_a brabble_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o utter_o unlawful_a and_o intolerable_a among_o christian_n i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o which_o wray_n chief_a justice_n say_v in_o cook_n 4._o book_n that_o though_o slander_n and_o false_a imputation_n be_v to_o be_v repress_v because_o that_o oftentimes_o à _fw-la verbis_fw-la ad_fw-la verbera_fw-la perventum_fw-la est_fw-la man_n fall_v from_o word_n to_o blow_n yet_o he_o say_v that_o the_o judge_n have_v resolve_v that_o action_n for_o scandal_n shall_v not_o be_v maintain_v by_o any_o strain_a construction_n or_o argument_n nor_o any_o favour_n extend_v for_o supportation_n of_o they_o and_o he_o add_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o because_o they_o do_v abound_v more_o in_o these_o day_n than_o in_o time_n past_a and_o the_o intemperance_n and_o malice_n of_o man_n increase_v et_fw-la malitiis_fw-la hominum_fw-la est_fw-la obviandum_fw-la and_o further_o add_v that_o in_o our_o old_a book_n action_n for_o scandal_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v be_v for_o word_n of_o eminent_a slander_n and_o of_o great_a â—â—portance_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o most_o exact_a and_o true_a observation_n for_o if_o i_o miscount_n not_o i_o find_v but_o nine_o report_v case_n for_o word_n from_o e._n 3._o time_n in_o which_o they_o begin_v to_o q._n elis._n and_o then_o they_o extreme_o multiply_v and_o so_o have_v do_v ever_o since_o to_o the_o great_a shame_n and_o dishonour_n of_o the_o law_n and_o certain_o these_o be_v very_o much_o against_o religion_n and_o peaceable_a conversation_n among_o man_n and_o how_o much_o do_v s._n paul_n in_o all_o of_o his_o epistle_n decry_v and_o labour_n to_o depress_v as_o much_o as_o possible_o may_v be_v all_o vain_a brabble_n strife_n debate_n and_o contention_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o common-peace_n and_o i_o be_o confident_a nothing_o more_o tend_v that_o way_n than_o such_o idle_a frivolous_a action_n as_o these_o be_v and_o to_o those_o that_o go_v to_o law_n for_o scandalous_a word_n except_o in_o extraâ—â—â—inarie_a case_n a_o man_n may_v just_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o apostle_n that_o it_o be_v so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o wise_a man_n among_o they_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o man_n will_v be_v more_o careful_a of_o the_o management_n of_o this_o little_a yet_o unruly_a member_n in_o which_o be_v seat_v either_o heaven_n or_o hell_n this_o be_v that_o which_o often_o prove_v the_o great_a good_a or_o the_o great_a evil_n
to_o most_o man_n which_o cause_n dissension_n among_o man_n in_o family_n kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n wherefore_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o every_o man_n will_v take_v up_o the_o say_n of_o the_o prophet_n david_n and_o careful_o observe_v it_o i_o will_v take_v heed_n to_o my_o way_n that_o i_o offend_v not_o with_o my_o tongue_n i_o will_v keep_v my_o mouth_n as_o with_o a_o bridle_n but_o now_o i_o beseech_v you_o give_v i_o leave_v and_o i_o shall_v in_o a_o word_n inform_v you_o how_o these_o frivolous_a contentious_a action_n may_v be_v very_o much_o abate_v if_o not_o whole_o take_v away_o let_v no_o word_n be_v actionable_a which_o do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o choler_n and_o passion_n or_o if_o actionable_a yet_o let_v the_o plaintiff_n recover_v no_o more_o in_o damage_n than_o he_o can_v upon_o oath_n make_v appear_v that_o he_o be_v real_o and_o actual_o damnify_v by_o the_o speak_n of_o they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v provide_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n these_o action_n will_v be_v as_o strange_a and_o as_o rare_o bring_v for_o time_n to_o come_v as_o they_o be_v in_o former_a age_n for_o nothing_o encourage_v the_o bring_n of_o they_o more_o than_o the_o intolerable_a unjust_a and_o excessive_a damage_n usual_o recover_v by_o they_o i_o shall_v conclude_v with_o this_o though_o the_o tongue_n of_o man_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n i_o know_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v use_v as_o bellows_o to_o blow_v the_o coal_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o i_o be_o to_o consider_v be_v concerning_o action_n that_o die_v with_o the_o person_n and_o therein_o the_o question_n be_v in_o short_a but_o this_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a law_n that_o action_n shall_v die_v with_o the_o person_n the_o rule_n be_v actio_fw-la moritur_fw-la cum_fw-la persona_fw-la now_o what_o those_o action_n be_v that_o shall_v die_v with_o the_o person_n be_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o and_o first_o negative_o quicquid_fw-la oritur_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la vel_fw-la conventione_fw-la non_fw-la moritur_fw-la cum_fw-la persona_fw-la whatsoever_o arise_v by_o way_n of_o covenant_n or_o contract_n do_v not_o die_v with_o the_o person_n affirmative_o all_o action_n that_o be_v say_v in_o law_n to_o be_v mere_o personal_a as_o trespass_n debt_n upon_o simple_a contract_n battery_n word_n debt_n upon_o a_o escape_n against_o a_o keeper_n of_o a_o prison_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o in_o law_n die_v with_o the_o person_n and_o no_o action_n can_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o executor_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o very_a hard_a law_n and_o a_o failer_z of_o justice_n that_o i_o shall_v suffer_v against_o law_n and_o that_o the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o do_v the_o wrong_n there_o be_v no_o act_n or_o default_n in_o i_o shall_v take_v away_o my_o remedy_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o law_n in_o case_n of_o a_o bond_n covenant_n or_o the_o like_a bind_v the_o executor_n though_o he_o be_v not_o name_v and_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n because_o the_o executor_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o testator_n why_o then_o upon_o the_o same_o reason_n shall_v not_o a_o personal_a tort_n of_o the_o testator_n as_o well_o bind_v the_o executor_n beside_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o the_o act_n of_o god_n as_o it_o be_v here_o in_o case_n of_o death_n shall_v prejudice_v no_o man_n why_o then_o in_o such_o case_n shall_v it_o take_v away_o my_o action_n again_o there_o be_v another_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o lex_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la deficere_fw-la conquerentibus_fw-la in_fw-la justitia_fw-la exhibenda_fw-la the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v defective_a in_o exhibit_v justice_n to_o complainant_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n be_v defective_a in_o justice_n if_o the_o inevitable_a fate_n of_o death_n shall_v take_v away_o my_o action_n there_o be_v likewise_o another_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o lex_fw-la nulli_fw-la facit_fw-la injuriam_fw-la the_o law_n injure_v no_o man_n but_o i_o say_v in_o this_o case_n it_o injure_v i_o if_o it_o deprive_v i_o of_o my_o action_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n in_o fine_a where_o ever_o there_o be_v a_o damage_n there_o ought_v in_o reason_n to_o be_v a_o satisfaction_n for_o it_o which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v away_o or_o otherwise_o discharge_v but_o by_o my_o act_n that_o be_o damnify_v which_o i_o submit_v to_o judgement_n the_o next_o thing_n that_o i_o shall_v debate_v be_v concerning_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v and_o in_o that_o propound_v this_o question_n whether_o the_o law_n or_o judgement_n of_o penance_n or_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v against_o a_o man_n who_o be_v indict_v of_o felony_n and_o stand_v mute_a be_v agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o conscience_n or_o not_o this_o law_n or_o judgement_n of_o penance_n or_o pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v be_v that_o which_o we_o common_o call_v press_v to_o death_n which_o be_v use_v in_o such_o case_n where_o a_o man_n be_v indict_v of_o felony_n upon_o matter_n evident_a and_o provable_a for_o in_o case_n of_o a_o appeal_n this_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v nor_o do_v it_o hold_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n or_o petit_fw-fr larceny_n and_o thereupon_o stand_v mute_a in_o such_o case_n say_v the_o statutâ—_n of_o westminst._n 1._o cap._n 12._o solent_fw-la mise_n en_fw-fr la_fw-fr prison_n fort_fw-fr and_o dure_v etc._n etc._n that_o be_v they_o shall_v have_v strong_a and_o hard_a imprisonment_n by_o the_o way_n i_o shall_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n do_v not_o extent_n to_o pain_n but_o only_o to_o fort_n and_o dure_v to_o hard_a and_o strong_a imprisonment_n and_o therefore_o since_o that_o law_n i_o can_v understand_v the_o ground_n or_o reason_n of_o that_o cruel_a and_o heavy_a judgement_n which_o be_v give_v in_o such_o case_n hard_a and_o strong_a imprisonment_n may_v be_v inflict_v upon_o such_o a_o offender_n according_a to_o that_o law_n without_o press_v and_o starve_v to_o death_n by_o famine_n and_o cold_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v those_o word_n to_o extend_v to_o death_n but_o admitr_a the_o law_n be_v such_o i_o shall_v that_o all_o may_v understand_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n before_o i_o go_v any_o further_o let_v you_o know_v what_o it_o be_v to_o stand_v mute_a and_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o stand_v mute_a and_o what_o the_o judgement_n thereupon_o be_v my_o lord_n cook_n in_o his_o 2_o part_n of_o his_o institute_n fol._n 177._o upon_o the_o foresay_a statute_n say_v that_o a_o man_n may_v stand_v mute_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o when_o he_o stand_v mute_a without_o speak_v of_o any_o thing_n and_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v inquire_v whether_o he_o stand_v mute_o of_o malice_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n if_o it_o be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n then_o to_o proceed_v and_o the_o judge_n to_o make_v inquiry_n and_o to_o allow_v he_o all_o plea_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o stand_v mute_o and_o the_o word_n of_o malice_n be_v remarkable_a for_o it_o may_v be_v the_o prisoner_n in_o truth_n can_v speak_v and_o yet_o be_v not_o mute_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n he_o shall_v be_v forthwith_o put_v to_o his_o penance_n as_o if_o the_o delinquent_n cut_v out_o his_o own_o tongue_n and_o thereby_o become_v mute_a another_o kind_n of_o mute_n be_v when_o the_o prisoner_n can_v speak_v and_o perhaps_o plead_v not_o guilty_a or_o plead_v a_o plea_n in_o law_n and_o will_v not_o conclude_v to_o the_o enquest_n according_a to_o the_o foresay_a act_n or_o speak_v much_o but_o do_v not_o direct_o answer_v etc._n etc._n to_o be_v short_a when_o in_o the_o end_n he_o will_v not_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o enquest_n that_o be_v de_fw-la bono_fw-la and_o malo_fw-la to_o be_v try_v by_o god_n and_o the_o country_n then_o the_o foresay_a act_n be_v sufficient_a warrant_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v evident_a or_o probable_a to_o put_v he_o to_o his_o penance_n but_o if_o he_o demur_v in_o law_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o he_o he_o shall_v have_v judgement_n to_o be_v hang_v so_o if_o he_o challenge_v above_o the_o number_n of_o 36._o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v and_o not_o have_v pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v i_o shall_v not_o inquire_v what_o the_o common_a law_n be_v before_o the_o make_v the_o say_a statute_n whether_o the_o prisoner_n then_o stade_v mute_a shall_v be_v hang_v as_o some_o hold_v and_o as_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o high_a treason_n and_o as_o they_o say_v in_o case_n of_o appeal_n or_o whether_o then_o in_o favour_n of_o life_n he_o shall_v neither_o have_v pain_n fort_n and_o dure_v nor_o have_v judgement_n to_o be_v hang_v but_o to_o be_v remand_v to_o prison_n until_o he_o will_v answer_v according_a