Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	judge_n	king_n	law_n	5,155	5	5.2571	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62332	The history of Lapland wherein are shewed the original, manners, habits, marriages, conjurations, &c. of that people / written by John Scheffer ...; Lapponia. English	Scheffer, Johannes, 1621-1679.	1674 (1674)	Wing S851; ESTC R8773	138,000	147

this complaint was made to Gustavus who thereupon committed Henricus Laurentii to prison and confiscated most of his estate taking then the tribute from the Laplanders into his hands and granted to all People free trading with them This Henricus Laurentii was without doubt in that time the head of the Birkarli and I believe the brother of David Laurentii who together with Jonas Nicolas concluded the Treaty with Gustavus in the name of the Birkarli in the year 1528 for setling the tribute and other affairs From hence we may collect they lost their priviledges not long after this Contract now it was not only just to deprive them of those priviledges which they abused in oppressing others but prudent as well from the jealousy of too great a power granted to private persons over so large and populous a part of the Kingdome as out of consideration of its wealth which was more necessary to the Kings for driving out the common enemy ane establishing the Kingdomes liberty then to maintain the pride of the Birkarli who besides their injustice were inconsiderable both in number and strength Gustavus the first having thus deposed the Birkarli sent Deputies to gather the tribute and manage all things in the Kings name the Deputies are called by the Swedes Lappfougder by the Laplanders Konunga Olmai that is the Kings men of these there is mention made in the patent granted by Gustavus the first to Mr Michael the first Priest in Lapland in 1559 the words are to this purpose We command all the Inhabitants of Lapland as well Deputies as others c. These had at first the charge of all public affairs as will appear in the following Chapter as for collecting taxes as executing justice among them But afterwards when Charles the ninth divided the Countrey into several parts and formed it into better order more were added to the former for examining causes convicting of criminals and other such like things till at last the state of Government was little different from what it is now Next under the King they have a Provincial Judge called by the Swedes Lagman under him one of the Senators Vnderlagman next an Interpreter of the Laws Laglaesaren and divers others which enquire into causes and do justice then they have a Governour of the Province Landzhoefdingh a head over the Laplanders Lappafougten their Officers who perform all other duties In this manner the Laplanders are now governed by the Swedes CHAP. XIII Of the Judicatures and Tributes of the Laplanders AFTER the manner of their Government and the discipline they live under we descend to those affairs that are managed by it which belong either to the Courts of Judicature or to the Tribute I can scarce find any mention of the former Their own Kings when they were a free Nation exercised this autority and kept the jurisdiction in their own hands but when the Birkarli ruled them it depended altogether on their plesure Zeigler makes no mention of any Judges among them but saies that if any dispute happened that was dubious it was referred to the Courts in Swedland I suppose he means the more weighty controversies which the Birkarli could not or did not dare to decide But these were very rare with them for great crimes as theft rapine murder adultery or such like are seldom committed and scarce known by the Laplanders They neither borrow nor lend mony being content with what they possess of their own which are commonly the occasions of quarrels in other Nations and maintain so many Lawyers The chief sin they are guilty of is their magical superstition which since their embracing Christianity is forbidden by the Laws and is not so frequent as formerly After that Gustavus the first had deposed the Birkarli and given them governors of their own they lived under better discipline and greater diligence was used in seeing Justice done but Charles the ninth was the first that took care to have them instructed in the Swedish Laws and that they should regulate themselves accordingly This charge was given by the same King in his instructions to Laurentius Laurentii Governor of Lapland dated from Stockholm on the 10th of Oct. 1610 wherein he commanded him to govern those of Vma Pitha and Luhla according to the Swedish Laws and to protect them from all injuries There are at present in Lapland three Governors and as many Courts of Judicature the first is called Anundsioeense or Angermansian the other Vhmensian Pithensian and Luhlensian the other is the Tornensian and Kiemensian Over these are particular Governors who in the Kings name pass Sentence but in the presence of a Judge and a Priest where it is observable that they added Priests to the Governors to restrain them from doing injustice by the autority of their presence Now as to the time when these Courts were called it is a doubt but I believe it was at the Fair times when they met about all public business this was commonly twice in a year viz. in Winter and Summer according to an order of Charles the ninth's It is now in January and February They were held in the same places where they kept their Markets and Fairs which were determined in each particular County as will appear by and by Now we come to the Tribute they paid which at first was only skins of beasts paid not by the Laplanders but the Birkarli yet only as an acknowledgement of their subjection to the Crown of Sweden Buraeus calls it naogra timber graoskin graoskin signifies gray Squirrils skins of which color the Squirrils were constantly in the Winter timber denotes the number of the skins which were fourty tied together in a bundle It is uncertain how many of these bundles the Birkarli gave but in the Contract with Gustavus the first those of Luhla and Pitha were engaged to pay 8 which makes in all 360 skins besides two Martins skins Those also of Torne were taxed with the same number and shortly after this number was doubled by an agreement made in 1528. But after the Birkarli had lost their priviledges for the forementioned reasons and the King received the tax by Commissioners for himself it is very probable some more alteration were made In the year 1602 they paid instead of skins every tenth Rain-deer and one tenth of all their dried fish which is clear from the commands given by Charles tc-his Deputies Olaus Burman and Henry Benegtson at Stockholm on the 22d of July in the same year to require the tribute in this manner that so the Laplanders might know what and how much they were to pay for it seems that from Gustavus the first 's time till then the Governors used no constant method in raising it but sometimes demanded skins at other times other sorts of goods that seemed most necessary for present use so that by this uncertainty the tribute grew very heavy upon the Inhabitants and their Governors took occasion from it to exact what they pleased