also_o provide_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o have_v voluntary_o yield_v to_o any_o arrest_n or_o his_o body_n to_o prison_n and_o so_o remain_v in_o prison_n for_o and_o during_o the_o time_n of_o six_o month_n think_v by_o that_o imprisonment_n to_o free_v his_o good_n and_o to_o deceive_v his_o creditor_n against_o he_o may_v the_o say_a commission_n be_v sue_v forth_o and_o execute_v according_o for_o he_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o bankrupt_a according_a to_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v at_o liberty_n against_o who_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o bankrupt_a be_v take_v out_o the_o say_a commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o see_v cause_n commit_v he_o to_o prison_n and_o give_v he_o some_o allowance_n for_o his_o maintenance_n and_o of_o all_o their_o proceed_n there_o be_v a_o register_n appoint_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o record_v the_o same_o until_o 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the_o magistrate_n or_o prince_n authority_n as_o the_o banker_n of_o florence_n be_v who_o break_v for_o many_o million_o of_o ducat_n make_v a_o sudden_a and_o deceitful_a composition_n with_o his_o creditor_n for_o the_o one_o half_a and_o do_v pay_v they_o in_o ready_a money_n which_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n he_o cause_v his_o process_n to_o be_v make_v instant_o and_o thereupon_o he_o be_v execute_v also_o according_o which_o be_v good_a justice_n and_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o not_o by_o the_o creditor_n bankrupt_n punishment_n of_o bankrupt_n as_o of_o late_a year_n one_o of_o genoa_n in_o italy_n do_v unto_o a_o debtor_n of_o he_o who_o he_o know_v go_v about_o to_o deceive_v he_o for_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n whereupon_o he_o cause_v a_o chair_n to_o be_v make_v and_o call_v the_o party_n to_o his_o house_n and_o entreat_v he_o to_o sit_v therein_o which_o be_v make_v with_o certain_a engine_n do_v sudden_o so_o gripe_v and_o clasp_v in_o his_o say_a debtor_n that_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v he_o or_o it_o may_v have_v cost_v he_o his_o life_n true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o russia_n a_o man_n have_v leave_v to_o beat_v or_o to_o have_v his_o debtor_n beat_v upon_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n if_o he_o can_v pay_v and_o therewith_o be_v he_o discharge_v which_o be_v not_o so_o cruel_a as_o to_o keep_v he_o always_o in_o prison_n and_o make_v he_o to_o endure_v a_o linger_a death_n wherein_o the_o undo_n of_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v make_v partaker_n unjust_o concern_v fraudulent_a dealer_n the_o law_n be_v that_o by_o make_v session_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v relieve_v and_o may_v be_v apprehend_v in_o the_o church_n whereas_o a_o freeman_n can_v be_v arrest_v or_o take_v in_o the_o church_n but_o may_v be_v unto_o he_o a_o place_n of_o refuge_n if_o he_o be_v find_v a_o fraudulent_a man_n by_o his_o book_n of_o account_n than_o any_o bargain_n or_o sale_n make_v two_o or_o three_o day_n 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a_o factor_n by_o ignorance_n of_o his_o break_n have_v cause_v his_o commission_n to_o be_v follow_v that_o which_o be_v do_v do_v bind_v the_o master_n and_o shall_v excuse_v the_o factor_n debtor_n suspicious_a debtor_n a_o debtor_n suspect_v by_o other_o may_v be_v touch_v before_o money_n be_v due_a and_o the_o creditor_n may_v attach_v some_o of_o his_o good_n or_o pawn_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o write_v of_o latitat_fw-la out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n court_n may_v be_v serve_v upon_o they_o to_o find_v surety_n for_o their_o appearance_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n before_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o say_a court_n but_o the_o law_n in_o diverse_a country_n do_v very_o much_o differ_v in_o the_o proceed_n and_o execution_n of_o these_o fraudulent_a man_n suretyship_n a_o question_n for_o suretyship_n here_o arise_v a_o question_n whether_o a_o surety_n can_v pretend_v to_o be_v discharge_v if_o the_o creditor_n have_v make_v or_o agree_v with_o the_o principal_a for_o a_o long_a time_n of_o payment_n and_o the_o principal_a break_v the_o answer_n be_v that_o if_o he_o know_v of_o the_o new_a agreement_n of_o the_o say_a party_n for_o a_o long_a time_n he_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o otherwise_o be_v bind_v as_o a_o surety_n for_o a_o time_n limit_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v clear_v at_o that_o time_n or_o to_o make_v suit_n or_o demand_v to_o have_v his_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o principal_a as_o also_o of_o the_o surety_n which_o be_v neglect_v do_v in_o equity_n discharge_v the_o say_a surety_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o if_o the_o surety_n do_v break_v at_o or_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n the_o creditor_n may_v demand_v another_o surety_n in_o that_o man_n place_n which_o be_v break_v wherein_o the_o law_n be_v very_o indifferent_a and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o diverse_a lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n for_o money_n take_v up_o at_o interest_n upon_o bond_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o when_o the_o say_v money_n be_v continue_v or_o prolong_v at_o interest_n the_o bond_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o the_o counter-bond_n also_o and_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o old_a bond_n for_o many_o year_n to_o be_v uncancel_v for_o it_o do_v oftentimes_o happen_v upon_o occasion_n of_o absence_n of_o some_o of_o the_o party_n that_o a_o new_a bond_n be_v sometime_o seal_v and_o the_o old_a not_o take_v in_o which_o breed_v contention_n for_o the_o new_a bond_n be_v make_v the_o old_a be_v void_a and_o yet_o may_v be_v uncancel_v and_o also_o put_v in_o suit_n by_o some_o executor_n or_o administrator_n ignorant_a of_o the_o other_o new_a bond_n take_v for_o the_o same_o and_o pay_v long_o before_o albeit_o herein_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v more_o reason_n not_o to_o make_v new_a bond_n howsoever_o diligent_a
do_v concur_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v more_o hereafter_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o coppenhaven_n in_o the_o year_n 1561_o have_v abridge_v as_o also_o set_v down_o certain_a act_n or_o statute_n for_o the_o rule_n of_o sea_n matter_n but_o for_o the_o most_o para_fw-it agree_v also_o with_o the_o say_a law_n of_o oleron_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o treatise_n set_v down_o upon_o every_o occasion_n offer_v unto_o i_o to_o make_v application_n of_o they_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n in_o seafaring_a cause_n all_o controversy_n and_o difference_n of_o seafaring_a action_n or_o maritime_a cause_n aught_o to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o sea_n law_n which_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o custom_n and_o observation_n and_o from_o they_o be_v the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a law_n to_o be_v take_v and_o if_o any_o case_n shall_v fall_v out_o that_o be_v not_o know_v before_o neither_o write_v down_o and_o authorise_v as_o a_o law_n than_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n of_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o say_v seafaring_a cause_n and_o herein_o be_v all_o convenient_a expedition_n require_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v summary_o and_o brief_o determine_v especial_o in_o case_n of_o shipwreck_n wherein_o delay_n or_o protraction_n in_o law_n be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v such_o afflict_a person_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v appellation_n present_a execution_n and_o restitution_n of_o good_n be_v use_v in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n upon_o caution_n first_o find_v by_o the_o spoil_a to_o satisfy_v the_o condemnation_n to_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n find_v of_o appellation_n maritime_a witness_n in_o cause_n maritime_a and_o to_o this_o end_n also_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o witness_n of_o the_o same_o ship_n may_v be_v examine_v although_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v not_o call_v thereunto_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n sail_v together_o in_o one_o ship_n may_v bear_v witness_v each_o to_o other_o and_o mariner_n against_o the_o master_n when_o they_o be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o his_o command_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o find_v surety_n to_o pay_v cost_n and_o damage_n if_o he_o do_v fail_v in_o his_o proof_n and_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o sentence_n judicio_fw-la cisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la if_o the_o defendant_n do_v stand_v out_o or_o commit_v a_o comtempt_n by_o not_o appear_v for_o to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n or_o thing_n challenge_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v after_o four_o default_n enter_v deliver_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o part_v thereof_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n put_v in_o surety_n for_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o within_o that_o time_n than_o the_o property_n be_v final_o adjudge_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o if_o he_o do_v appear_v within_o the_o time_n offer_v to_o pay_v the_o expense_n and_o put_v in_o caution_n to_o obey_v and_o perform_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v but_o this_o caution_n or_o surety_n be_v liable_a absolute_o for_o all_o from_o the_o beginning_n and_o can_v be_v discharge_v as_o a_o bail_n may_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n england_n difference_n between_o caution_n in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o bail_v at_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n bring_v in_o the_o party_n at_o convenient_a time_n summons_n and_o citation_n be_v not_o needful_a where_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n in_o question_n be_v forthcoming_a but_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o it_o lie_v or_o the_o good_n be_v find_v if_o any_o man_n be_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v for_o the_o like_a matter_n he_o be_v present_o to_o be_v discharge_v upon_o surety_n and_o especial_o mariner_n because_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v of_o their_o voyage_n which_o he_o may_v do_v with_o so_o much_o good_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o as_o he_o have_v within_o shipboard_n at_o the_o judge_n discretion_n for_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o otherwise_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n be_v interrupt_v cahp._n xix_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n the_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n may_v be_v distinguish_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o regal_a notariall_a and_o verbal_a the_o regal_a contract_n be_v make_v between_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o merchant_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o be_v call_v royal_a merchant_n for_o whereas_o the_o venetian_n have_v the_o trade_n for_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n solemn_a regal_a contract_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n solemn_a the_o portugall_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o those_o part_n by_o navigation_n do_v bereave_v the_o venetian_n of_o that_o trade_n as_o by_o the_o revolution_n of_o time_n other_o nation_n have_v almost_o compass_v that_o trade_n of_o spice_n and_o take_v the_o same_o from_o the_o portugall_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v always_o the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o pepper_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o for_o that_o they_o will_v contract_v again_o with_o the_o german_n or_o other_o principal_a merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o of_o their_o own_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o carracke_n at_o lixborne_n according_a unto_o which_o it_o be_v sell_v again_o with_o reputation_n to_o other_o merchant_n and_o disperse_v into_o diverse_a country_n and_o so_o be_v it_o also_o do_v for_o clove_n and_o mace_n and_o sometime_o for_o indigo_n and_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o assignation_n in_o the_o bank_n of_o madrill_n lion_n and_o bizanson_n and_o sometime_o at_o florence_n and_o other_o place_n hereupon_o be_v the_o contraction-house_n at_o lixborne_n erect_v and_o name_v according_o where_o the_o say_v spice_n and_o commodity_n be_v bring_v and_o sell_v again_o such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v make_v with_o merchant_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o his_o town_n in_o africa_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n as_o ceuta_n mosegam_n tangere_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o payment_n whereof_o have_v be_v make_v again_o by_o pepper_n upon_o some_o especial_a contract_n and_o the_o merchant_n have_v thereupon_o also_o make_v other_o contract_n with_o merchant_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o deliver_v they_o that_o pepper_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o to_o take_v corn_n in_o payment_n but_o the_o case_n be_v since_o alter_v by_o the_o incorporate_n of_o the_o east-india_n trade_n such_o be_v the_o contract_v make_v by_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o three_o with_o the_o great_a merchant_n of_o italy_n call_v le_fw-fr grand_a party_n for_o salt_n which_o they_o by_o authority_n do_v engross_v for_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v also_o from_o other_o country_n by_o sole_a permission_n cause_v every_o household_n in_o all_o france_n to_o take_v a_o proportion_n yearly_a or_o to_o pay_v for_o it_o whether_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o or_o not_o which_o be_v a_o italian_a invention_n and_o for_o this_o they_o pay_v by_o contract_n unto_o the_o king_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a be_v two_o million_o of_o french_a crown_n yearly_a such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n make_v with_o merchant_n of_o london_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o apparel_n for_o the_o soldier_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a war_n with_o the_o earl_n tirone_n which_o do_v amount_v to_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n insomuch_o that_o the_o several_a contract_n for_o apparel_n come_v to_o ninety_o six_o thousand_o suit_n of_o apparel_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o the_o record_n and_o account_n extant_a in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o exchequer_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a contract_n be_v make_v by_o commission_n grant_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o some_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v thereby_o authority_n to_o contract_n for_o the_o same_o with_o merchant_n or_o other_o notariall_a contract_n have_v partly_o dependence_n upon_o the_o same_o public_a notariall_n contract_v call_v public_a for_o when_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v contract_v with_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v to_o provide_v sudden_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v contract_v for_o or_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o have_v buy_v or_o ingross_v into_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o deal_v with_o other_o merchant_n either_o to_o provide_v they_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o to_o sell_v they_o such_o as_o they_o have_v buy_v
a_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o law_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v fruitless_a or_o make_v as_o it_o be_v say_v by_o some_o propter_fw-la terrorem_fw-la for_o prevention_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o commendable_a to_o preserve_v this_o life_n of_o the_o law_n consist_v in_o execution_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o commissioner_n have_v be_v heretofore_o appoint_v to_o retain_v man_n in_o their_o duty_n as_o the_o nomophilats_n in_o greece_n the_o censuror_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o ephore_n at_o lacedaemon_n the_o areopagit_n at_o athens_n the_o visitor_n in_o spain_n duty_n commissioner_n to_o retain_v officer_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o troyle_n the_o bastort_v in_o edward_n the_o first_o his_o time_n for_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v so_o flexible_a to_o evil_n that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o a_o continual_a remembrancer_n to_o virtue_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a good_a if_o we_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o execution_n of_o criminal_a cause_n and_o civil_a we_o shall_v in_o a_o manner_n find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v all_o one_o effectual_o for_o the_o general_a manner_n of_o death_n impose_v by_o the_o law_n be_v hang_v where_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v diverse_a manner_n of_o execution_n according_a as_o the_o fact_n be_v heinous_a murder_n be_v a_o great_a offence_n have_v in_o all_o age_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n but_o steal_v of_o good_n be_v always_o take_v to_o be_v much_o inferior_a because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v the_o same_o by_o death_n as_o be_v now_o use_v and_o yet_o a_o death_n by_o sudden_a execution_n be_v better_a than_o a_o linger_a death_n by_o famine_n imprisonment_n and_o other_o adversity_n before_o remember_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o be_v merciful_a even_o when_o law_n have_v have_v her_o full_a course_n be_v to_o be_v see_v rather_o in_o cause_n civil_a than_o criminal_a and_o that_o in_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a distress_a prisoner_n and_o other_o contrary_n justice_n and_o mercy_n in_o god_n be_v not_o contrary_n see_v the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o lieutenant_n they_o be_v on_o earth_n be_v above_o all_o his_o work_n which_o make_v i_o to_o remember_v a_o error_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o think_v the_o justice_n and_o mercy_n of_o god_n to_o be_v contrary_n for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o can_v not_o be_v in_o god_n because_o the_o godhead_n be_v but_o one_o and_o always_o like_o itself_o can_v admit_v contrary_n and_o contrary_n they_o can_v be_v be_v both_o virtue_n whereas_o no_o virtue_n be_v contrary_a to_o virtue_n but_o only_o opposite_a to_o vice_n so_o that_o respect_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o criminal_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v death_n or_o punishment_n by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n or_o banishment_n the_o king_n imitate_v god_n mercy_n do_v restore_v life_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n much_o more_o may_v the_o king_n do_v the_o same_o in_o civil_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n command_v imprisonment_n until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v of_o the_o judgement_n give_v liberty_n and_o prolongation_n of_o time_n as_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o person_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v i_o have_v herein_o be_v the_o more_o ample_a because_o it_o concern_v the_o life_n of_o many_o honest_a man_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n the_o manner_n to_o make_v merchant_n stranger_n artificersâ—_n or_o handiecraft_n man_n to_o be_v denizen_n or_o naturalize_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v without_o any_o difference_n and_o they_o do_v enjoy_v the_o like_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v most_o common_o make_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n by_o his_o highness_n prerogative_n royal_a whereby_o they_o do_v enjoy_v all_o the_o freedom_n and_o immunity_n that_o natural_a subject_n do_v enjoy_v and_o be_v so_o repute_v and_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n upon_o their_o oath_n make_v in_o chancery_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o the_o same_o be_v afterwards_o call_v in_o question_n upon_o the_o misdemeanour_n of_o some_o forgetful_a person_n and_o then_o denizen_n be_v make_v to_o pay_v custom_n to_o the_o king_n as_o stranger_n howbeit_o they_o may_v buy_v lease_n land_n and_o house_n as_o english_a bear_v subject_n and_o their_o child_n here_o bear_v shall_v be_v free_a and_o pay_v but_o english_a custom_n for_o good_n import_v and_o export_v and_o may_v become_v freeman_n of_o london_n and_o buy_v cloth_n in_o blackewell_n hall_n and_o all_o other_o market_n and_o transport_v the_o same_o where_o it_o please_v they_o albeit_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v infringe_v the_o same_o distinguish_v naturalize_v distinguish_v nevertheless_o some_o privilege_n to_o pay_v english_a custom_n be_v grant_v to_o some_o particular_a merchant_n by_o the_o prince_n prerogative_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o be_v name_v naturalize_v which_o may_v be_v place_v in_o office_n as_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quorum_fw-la high_a sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n and_o other_o place_n of_o dignity_n and_o come_v to_o be_v make_v knight_n and_o barronet_n and_o some_o of_o they_o buy_v land_n and_o lease_n make_v great_a purchase_n marry_v their_o daughter_n unto_o diverse_a gentleman_n and_o other_o do_v also_o sell_v land_n again_o and_o buy_v other_o land_n which_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o land_n do_v require_v assurance_n to_o be_v make_v and_o therein_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n the_o say_a assurance_n be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a validity_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n be_v make_v but_o the_o make_n of_o denizen_n be_v always_o continue_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n only_o and_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n albeit_o they_o pay_v stranger_n custom_n employment_n denizen_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n and_o diverse_a other_o charge_n which_o the_o native_a subject_n do_v not_o pay_v whereof_o merchant_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n no_o stranger_n which_o be_v a_o mechanical_a person_n be_v much_o incline_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a subject_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n because_o of_o the_o charge_n of_o it_o which_o may_v be_v about_o 30_o will_v albeit_o four_o or_o five_o person_n may_v join_v together_o by_o petition_n to_o the_o parliament_n and_o have_v one_o act_n for_o they_o all_o the_o form_n whereof_o be_v common_o as_o hereafter_o follow_v and_o here_o note_v that_o a_o merchant_n be_v in_o no_o danger_n if_o he_o be_v neither_o denizon_n nor_o naturalize_v but_o may_v deal_v traffic_n and_o negotiate_v at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o he_o may_v take_v no_o lease_n nor_o buy_v land_n in_o most_o humble_a manner_n beseech_v your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n your_o humble_a and_o obedient_a orator_n i._n l._n of_o florence_n your_o majesty_n servant_n t._n m._n etc._n etc._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n that_o whereas_o the_o say_v i._o l._n the_o son_n of_o a._n l._n and_o l._n his_o wife_n stranger_n be_v bear_v at_o florence_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o whereas_o etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o m._n q._n be_v the_o son_n of_o m._n q._n and_o c._n his_o wife_n bear_v at_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o lawful_a matrimony_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n these_o twenty_o year_n remain_v and_o make_v his_o abode_n in_o london_n within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n during_o which_o time_n he_o have_v demean_v himself_o faithful_o and_o dutiful_o towards_o your_o highness_n and_o your_o law_n yet_o for_o that_o both_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o majesty_n orator_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o can_v take_v benefit_n of_o your_o majesty_n law_n statute_n and_o custom_n of_o your_o highness_n realm_n of_o england_n as_o other_o your_o majesty_n subject_n bear_v within_o this_o realm_n to_o their_o great_a prejudice_n loss_n and_o hindrance_n it_o may_v therefore_o please_v your_o highness_n of_o your_o most_o noble_a and_o abundant_a grace_n that_o it_o may_v be_v ordain_v enact_v and_o establish_v by_o your_o highness_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o of_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o that_o your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a petitioner_n i._n l._n t._n m._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v from_o henceforth_o be_v adjudge_v repute_v and_o take_v to_o be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n and_o as_o person_n
any_o thing_n in_o question_n where_o there_o want_v proof_n or_o they_o may_v minister_v the_o say_a oath_n to_o either_o party_n upon_o pregnant_a occasion_n to_o boult_v out_o the_o truth_n the_o like_a authority_n have_v the_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o merchant_n and_o moreover_o their_o authority_n do_v far_o exceed_v the_o power_n of_o commissioner_n for_o as_o arbitrator_n have_v a_o determinate_a power_n to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o controversy_n in_o general_a term_n without_o declaration_n of_o particular_n so_o have_v the_o prior_n and_o consul_n power_n to_o do_v the_o like_a whereas_o commissioner_n be_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n and_o declaration_n of_o their_o proceed_n to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n final_o the_o arbitrator_n authority_n impli_v a_o voluntary_a command_n proceed_v from_o both_o party_n which_o the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o but_o the_o merchant_n court_n have_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o merchant_n court_n or_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n the_o three_o mean_a to_o end_n and_o determine_v merchant_n question_n and_o controversy_n happen_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o court_n of_o merchant_n call_v prior_n and_o consul_n or_o il_fw-fr consolato_fw-la as_o the_o italian_n have_v call_v the_o same_o and_o here_o we_o may_v say_v a_o merchant_n be_v in_o loco_fw-la propriâ—_n as_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o water_n where_o he_o understand_v himself_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v determine_v and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o yet_o as_o every_o man_n be_v take_v to_o be_v wise_a in_o his_o profession_n so_o may_v he_o be_v admit_v to_o understand_v they_o the_o rather_o when_o he_o shall_v true_o peruse_v and_o ponder_v the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n which_o in_o my_o love_n to_o merchant_n i_o have_v compile_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o civilians_n have_v consider_v of_o this_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n establish_v in_o many_o place_n of_o france_n italy_n and_o germany_n power_n wherein_o prior_n and_o consul_n have_v no_o power_n have_v make_v diverse_a question_n of_o their_o authority_n say_v they_o can_v decree_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o father_n shall_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o son_n or_o the_o son_n for_o the_o father_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la or_o natural_o unjust_a or_o against_o the_o public_a good_a or_o that_o which_o savour_v of_o a_o monopoly_n neither_o may_v they_o forbid_v any_o man_n to_o go_v to_o law_n or_o order_n that_o a_o work_n begin_v by_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v end_v by_o another_o without_o the_o other_o consent_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o deal_v or_o to_o determine_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o concern_v merchandise_v for_o other_o thing_n as_o the_o sell_n of_o house_n land_n and_o the_o like_a do_v not_o appertain_v unto_o they_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o matter_n criminal_a or_o offensive_a do_v not_o belong_v unto_o they_o to_o deal_v in_o for_o there_o the_o king_n attorney_n be_v a_o party_n and_o have_v interest_n therein_o as_o falsify_v of_o obligation_n and_o bill_n of_o debt_n or_o other_o writing_n matter_n of_o reproach_n or_o discredit_v of_o person_n theft_n and_o other_o evil_a unlawful_a behaviour_n do_v and_o commit_v by_o their_o say_a servant_n or_o themselves_o or_o any_o other_o merchant_n factor_n or_o intermedler_n in_o cause_n of_o merchandise_n as_o also_o all_o other_o not_o exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o deal_v with_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n either_o feign_v or_o otherwise_o unlawful_a nor_o with_o the_o will_n and_o testament_n or_o contract_n of_o marriage_n of_o any_o person_n or_o with_o the_o interchange_n of_o good_n by_o consent_n and_o all_o other_o such_o like_a contract_n but_o only_o in_o all_o civil_a cause_n of_o merchandise_v how_o be_v it_o these_o questionable_a matter_n be_v not_o of_o that_o moment_n to_o be_v discuss_v consider_v that_o their_o authority_n be_v declare_v and_o confine_v by_o the_o charter_n and_o privilege_n make_v unto_o they_o by_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n whereunto_o relation_n be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o according_o they_o be_v to_o proceed_v have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n hereupon_o benvenuto_n straccha_n the_o civilian_n make_v a_o treatise_n quomodo_fw-la procedendum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n to_o proceed_v in_o merchant_n affair_n wherein_o be_v many_o universal_a thing_n propound_v which_o be_v easy_a but_o particular_a thing_n be_v common_o more_o true_a by_o his_o own_o observation_n confirmation_n the_o decree_n of_o merchant_n need_v no_o other_o confirmation_n and_o he_o conclude_v that_o the_o decree_n of_o merchant_n need_v no_o other_o confirmation_n or_o approbation_n the_o oath_n take_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n to_o observe_v the_o law-merchant_n be_v subject_a to_o punishment_n if_o they_o be_v perfidious_a or_o forswear_a as_o well_o as_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o other_o judge_n and_o write_v de_fw-la consulibus_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la he_o say_v that_o a_o merchant_n may_v call_v in_o question_n and_o begin_v his_o plea_n before_o they_o although_o it_o be_v against_o one_o that_o be_v no_o merchant_n if_o the_o cause_n concern_v merchandise_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n herein_o bind_v the_o defendant_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v he_o either_o a_o knight_n or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n or_o a_o stranger_n not_o resident_a in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n all_o banker_n shopkeeper_n in_o fair_n and_o market_n be_v bind_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n for_o matter_n of_o money_n and_o exchange_n or_o for_o merchandise_n the_o plaintiff_n may_v in_o other_o place_n where_o the_o defendant_n do_v deal_v or_o negotiate_v be_v at_o his_o choice_n to_o begin_v or_o commence_v his_o suit_n where_o he_o will_v but_o not_o in_o two_o place_n at_o one_o time_n for_o one_o cause_n wherein_o sometime_o the_o penalty_n be_v by_o he_o respect_v to_o be_v far_o great_a in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o here_o let_v we_o remember_v the_o controversy_n between_o two_o brother_n which_o be_v above_o fortie-yeare_n since_o call_v joan_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr failia_n and_o jaques_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr failia_n who_o go_v to_o law_n in_o brabant_n for_o many_o thousand_o pound_n and_o afterward_o one_o of_o they_o do_v commence_v suit_n in_o flanders_n be_v another_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o 4000_o will_v jurisdiction_n a_o forfeiture_n for_o a_o jurisdiction_n for_o in_o truth_n good_a order_n and_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v as_o law_n and_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v that_o may_v infringe_v the_o law_n of_o merchant_n the_o proceed_n before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v by_o libel_n or_o petition_n or_o by_o declaration_n wherein_o let_v we_o note_v the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o the_o say_a civilians_n declaration_n difference_n between_o a_o petition_n and_o a_o declaration_n the_o libel_n or_o declaration_n be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o all_o the_o form_n use_v in_o law_n as_o well_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n but_o in_o a_o petition_n the_o form_n be_v not_o needful_a so_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o express_v especial_o the_o sum_n which_o be_v demand_v or_o the_o good_n be_v lend_v or_o unjust_o detain_v must_v be_v specify_v and_o if_o it_o be_v for_o money_n owe_v for_o merchandise_n or_o lend_v it_o must_v be_v declare_v otherwise_o the_o consul_n will_v reject_v the_o petition_n as_o impertinent_a albeit_o some_o trivial_a error_n in_o petition_n be_v to_o be_v tolerate_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o be_v by_o the_o merchant_n law_n relieve_v they_o be_v to_o proceed_v summary_o in_o all_o their_o action_n proceed_v summarie_n proceed_v to_o avoid_v interruption_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o they_o be_v to_o respect_v plain_a and_o sincere_a deal_n among_o merchant_n with_o a_o consideration_n to_o construe_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o that_o trust_n may_v be_v preserve_v among_o they_o debar_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v the_o exception_n of_o prescription_n excussion_n and_o of_o promise_n make_v without_o consideration_n quod_fw-la nudo_fw-la pacto_fw-la promisisti_fw-la and_o the_o like_a in_o so_o much_o that_o many_o time_n a_o woman_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o procuratrix_n contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n law_n a_o custom_n contrary_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o all_o other_o exception_n upon_o plain_a bill_n and_o obligation_n be_v set_v a_o part_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v hunt_v after_o and_o all_o exception_n proceed_v of_o justice_n and_o
have_v hereunto_o cause_v our_o seal_n to_o be_v put_v give_v at_o paris_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1556_o and_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n then_o in_o council_n and_o seal_v with_o green_a wax_n with_o red_a and_o green_a silk_n lace_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_a to_o end_v the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n where_o the_o merchant_n court_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v not_o establish_v whereof_o the_o merchant_n ought_v not_o to_o beignorant_a so_o that_o in_o the_o description_n of_o they_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o make_v some_o declaration_n for_o the_o merchant_n satisfaction_n appertain_v to_o their_o business_n and_o negotation_n all_o law_n be_v tend_v in_o substance_n to_o the_o uphold_v of_o truth_n maintain_v of_o justice_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a law_n final_a end_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o injury_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o wicked_a from_o among_o the_o good_a prescribe_v how_o to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o man_n wilful_o and_o to_o render_v every_o man_n his_o due_a careful_o further_a what_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v what_o be_v wrong_a summary_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ._n what_o you_o will_v have_v man_n to_o do_v unto_o you_o do_v the_o same_o unto_o they_o 6.31_o mat._n 7.21_o luke_n 6.31_o which_o alexander_n severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v express_v thus_o that_o which_o you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v unto_o thou_o do_v not_o unto_o other_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o note_v three_o sort_n of_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o virtue_n be_v alone_o nature_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o same_o every_o way_n in_o all_o or_o rather_o a_o very_a notice_n of_o god_n law_n ingraff_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n nation_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o prescription_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n as_o we_o have_v before_o declare_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o abridgement_n law_n civil_a law_n derogate_a many_o illicentious_a custom_n which_o grow_v by_o perverseness_n and_o corruptness_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v term_v peculiar_a use_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o people_n call_v the_o the_o imperial_a law_n out_o of_o these_o be_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n make_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o first_o to_o entreat_v and_o therein_o to_o be_v somewhat_o prolix_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o merchant_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v all_o man_n to_o 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cause_n of_o the_o often_o argue_v in_o the_o law_n what_o matter_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common-law_n or_o what_o by_o the_o admiralty_n court_n or_o by_o the_o spiritual_a court_n 2_o the_o common-law_n be_v take_v as_o the_o king_n court_n of_o king_n bench_n or_o common_a plea_n 3_o by_o the_o common-law_n be_v understand_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v law_n before_o any_o statute_n make_v in_o that_o point_n that_o be_v in_o question_n whereby_o that_o point_n be_v hold_v for_o law_n by_o the_o general_a and_o particular_a custom_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n whereunto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o all_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n successive_o ever_o observe_v england_n five_o nation_n in_o england_n namely_o britain_n roman_n and_o then_o britain_n again_o and_o than_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n law_n commendation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o whereas_o the_o law-merchant_n require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v confess_v that_o have_v see_v many_o devise_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a they_o never_o perceive_v find_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n in_o europe_n albeit_o that_o the_o shortness_n thereof_o be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n common-law_n peremptorinesse_n of_o the_o common-law_n which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o found_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o common-law_n antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n great_a be_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n and_o the_o trial_n of_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n for_o we_o find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v the_o rule_n and_o domination_n over_o the_o country_n of_o hamshire_n wilreshire_n dorsetshire_n somersetshire_n and_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o also_o the_o same_o law_n be_v use_v among_o the_o saxon_n which_o rule_v marshland_n and_o medland_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o country_n of_o lincoln_n northhampton_n rutland_n huntingdon_n bedford_n oxford_n buckingham_z cheshire_n derby_n nottingham_n and_o part_n of_o the_o shire_n of_o gloucester_n warwick_n hereford_n and_o shropshire_n at_o such_o time_n when_o the_o land_n be_v divide_v into_o seven_o kingdom_n all_o of_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n inhabit_v with_o diverse_a nation_n namely_o pict_n scot_n dane_n norman_n vandal_n and_o germane_a all_o which_o have_v continue_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n until_o the_o time_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o conquer_v the_o same_o this_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o this_o land_n and_o cause_v among_o other_o law_n the_o dane_n law_n to_o be_v collect_v which_o rule_v in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n and_o a_o discreet_a view_n to_o be_v take_v of_o sundry_a law_n whereunto_o he_o do_v add_v some_o of_o his_o norman_a law_n to_o govern_v the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n now_o call_v england_n in_o so_o much_o that_o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a they_o be_v long_o before_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n first_o government_n christum_fw-la annâ—_n 1198_o aunt_n christum_fw-la nay_o by_o the_o briton_n themselves_o which_o be_v one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o and_o eight_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v now_o in_o continuance_n above_o two_o thousand_o and_o eight_o hundred_o year_n for_o king_n alfred_n cause_v the_o law_n of_o marcia_n to_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o britain_n into_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o after_o that_o we_o find_v that_o king_n lucius_n and_o king_n alfred_n cause_v the_o continuance_n thereof_o the_o say_v common_a law_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v take_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o ancient_a maxim_n of_o the_o say_a law_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n &_o book_n case_n which_o be_v yearly_a observation_n upon_o manner_n and_o may_v be_v call_v responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la comprehend_v therein_o the_o municipal_a law_n etc._n municipal_a law_n as_o gavelkind_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o kingdom_n and_o government_n as_o a_o exception_n to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n thereof_o wherein_o many_o singular_a argument_n draw_v from_o divinity_n and_o humanity_n be_v effectual_a though_o there_o be_v no_o book_n for_o it_o for_o the_o
have_v the_o first_o cause_n he_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o go_v on_o his_o side_n whereupon_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o cause_n between_o he_o and_o the_o say_a doctor_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o proceed_n therein_o the_o student_n plead_v the_o condition_n in_o bar_n the_o court_n of_o chancery_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o court_n of_o conscience_n because_o it_o reason_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o complainant_n by_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n before_o mention_v quod_fw-la tibi_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la vis_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la for_o in_o the_o chancery_n every_o man_n be_v able_a by_o light_n of_o nature_n to_o foresee_v the_o end_n of_o his_o cause_n and_o to_o give_v himself_o a_o reason_n thereof_o and_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o cause_n whereas_o at_o the_o common-law_n the_o client_n matter_n be_v term_v a_o case_n case_n difference_n between_o cause_n and_o case_n according_a to_o the_o word_n casus_n which_o be_v accedentall_a for_o the_o party_n do_v hardly_o know_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v by_o law_n adjudge_v with_o or_o against_o he_o the_o chancery_n therefore_o upon_o bill_n and_o answer_n between_o the_o complainant_n and_o defendant_n grant_v a_o injunction_n to_o stay_v the_o proceed_n in_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n until_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v examine_v and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o equity_n find_v chancery_n injunction_n of_o the_o chancery_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v dismiss_v to_o the_o law_n again_o with_o cost_n to_o the_o party_n merchant_n cause_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o chancery_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v with_o great_a expedition_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o otherwise_o because_o they_o be_v by_o commission_n common_o refer_v to_o merchant_n to_o make_v report_n of_o the_o state_n thereof_o unto_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n â—or_a the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v preserve_v chief_o by_o the_o say_a court_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n merchant_n affair_n in_o controversy_n ought_v with_o all_o brevity_n to_o be_v determine_v to_o avoid_v interruption_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n 3._o staple_n law_n 27._o e._n 3._o that_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o staple_n be_v authorise_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parleament_n to_o end_v the_o same_o and_o detain_v the_o same_o before_o he_o without_o any_o dismission_n at_o the_o common-law_n which_o show_v the_o necessarinesse_n of_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n before_o mention_v the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n at_o the_o common-law_n be_v tedious_a there_o be_v five_o manner_n of_o person_n accountable_a by_o the_o law_n namely_o a_o steward_n or_o bailife_n a_o factor_n or_o servant_n or_o a_o receiver_n upon_o a_o action_n of_o account_n the_o general_a issue_n to_o be_v plead_v thereunto_o be_v ne_o uncque_n receiver_n pour_v account_n rendre_fw-fr law_n the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n by_o law_n this_o be_v first_o try_v by_o a_o jury_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v convict_v and_o find_v accountable_a than_o the_o law_n do_v appoint_v auditor_n to_o take_v the_o account_n by_o a_o commission_n direct_v out_o of_o the_o court_n to_o merchant_n and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o cause_n whereunto_o two_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n be_v join_v and_o when_o they_o have_v take_v the_o account_n and_o find_v wherein_o the_o difference_n do_v consist_v than_o they_o be_v to_o certify_v all_o their_o proceed_n into_o the_o court_n and_o the_o accountant_n must_v make_v issuable_a answer_n to_o be_v plead_v whereupon_o eight_o ten_o twelve_o or_o more_o issue_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o then_o a_o second_o jury_n be_v call_v to_o try_v all_o these_o several_a issue_n upon_o peremptory_a point_n and_o so_o upon_o every_o issue_n there_o be_v give_v a_o particular_a verdict_n and_o sometime_o a_o especial_a verdict_n which_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o court_n again_o all_o these_o long_a proceed_n make_v long_a record_n subject_a to_o many_o error_n and_o because_o all_o these_o several_a issue_n be_v try_v by_o one_o jury_n and_o upon_o one_o record_n together_o with_o the_o former_a proceed_n whereby_o the_o other_o jury_n find_v the_o party_n accountable_a if_o in_o any_o or_o in_o the_o whole_a material_a error_n be_v find_v than_o all_o be_v overthrow_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o begin_v again_o the_o novo_fw-la and_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o then_o they_o will_v join_v other_o issue_n and_o so_o run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n so_o that_o matter_n of_o account_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v of_o the_o chancery_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o therein_o more_o expedition_n be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n which_o concur_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o say_a court_n as_o we_o be_v now_o to_o declare_v leave_v all_o 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be_v produce_v examine_v and_o publication_n have_v of_o their_o deposition_n 7_o the_o party_n do_v reason_n of_o the_o deposition_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o hear_v 8_o when_o the_o judge_n give_v sentence_n or_o judgement_n 9_o when_o execution_n be_v have_v upon_o the_o sentence_n or_o the_o party_n appeal_v 10_o when_o the_o cause_n depart_v out_o of_o that_o judge_n power_n before_o a_o high_a authority_n and_o all_o this_o be_v common_o do_v in_o four_o month_n arragon_n observation_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n with_o the_o observation_n by_o the_o law_n require_v namely_o the_o consideration_n incident_a which_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v note_v to_o prevent_v unjust_a deal_n 1_o touch_v the_o first_o time_n the_o judge_n take_v not_o any_o notice_n thereof_o for_o the_o process_n be_v grant_v of_o course_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o complainant_n have_v be_v the_o slave_n of_o the_o defendant_n or_o the_o son_n do_v commence_v a_o suit_n against_o the_o father_n or_o the_o servant_n against_o his_o master_n wherein_o upon_o good_a consideration_n licence_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o judge_n 2_o the_o second_o that_o they_o must_v appear_v before_o the_o judge_n at_o three_o several_a time_n of_o ten_o day_n or_o thirty_o day_n at_o any_o one_o time_n which_o be_v peremptory_a after_o which_o there_o lie_v a_o contempt_n against_o the_o party_n not_o appear_v during_o which_o time_n the_o judge_n do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v compile_v together_o to_o judge_v by_o and_o serve_v he_o for_o his_o direction_n but_o in_o extraordinary_a cause_n his_o conscience_n lead_v he_o 3_o the_o three_o time_n touch_v exception_n be_v not_o only_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o also_o against_o the_o judge_n for_o insufficiency_n of_o authority_n give_v he_o if_o the_o cause_n so_o require_v 4_o the_o four_o time_n three_o thing_n 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the_o defendant_n which_o seek_v delay_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o short_a a_o time_n of_o plead_v the_o complainant_n also_o may_v know_v whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o he_o to_o take_v his_o oath_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o he_o be_v in_o conscience_n persuade_v of_o his_o right_n suit_n to_o abridge_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n and_o morever_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o wrong_v molestation_n abridge_v with_o they_o heretofore_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n omit_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o call_v law_n and_o equity_n to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o commend_v above_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o say_v m_o r._n fortescue_n sometime_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o who_o have_v observe_v five_o point_n wherein_o the_o same_o consist_v let_v we_o observe_v many_o more_o to_o extol_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o say_v common_a law_n as_o follow_v summary_o 1_o 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principle_n which_o need_v no_o reason_n to_o confirm_v their_o authority_n as_o the_o law_n of_o solon_n draco_n carondas_n lycurgus_n numa_n pompilius_n and_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n etc._n etc._n 4_o because_o all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n which_o happen_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v try_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o law_n 5_o because_o the_o king_n personal_o give_v not_o any_o judgement_n especial_o when_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n see_v it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n 6_o for_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n which_o do_v sit_v as_o judge_n by_o the_o king_n 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legis_fw-la actio_fw-la as_o there_o be_v between_o equity_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o magistrate_n call_v judicis_fw-la officium_fw-la 9_o for_o that_o the_o officer_n thereof_o be_v authorise_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o due_a execution_n of_o it_o by_o a_o proportionable_a distribution_n namely_o the_o judge_n for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o officer_n subaltern_a change_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o the_o end_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v more_o indifferent_a 10_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o trial_n thereof_o in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o agree_v and_o most_o necessary_a discord_n as_o it_o be_v concordi_fw-la discordia_fw-la whereby_o the_o body_n of_o justice_n be_v support_v by_o strive_v as_o the_o stone_n uphold_v a_o vault_n as_o cato_n say_v 11_o for_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n do_v change_v from_o time_n to_o time_n their_o circuit_n and_o inferior_a judge_n of_o the_o court_n do_v execute_v the_o place_n as_o well_o as_o superior_a judge_n whereby_o partiality_n be_v prevent_v 12_o for_o that_o the_o law_n tend_v most_o careful_o for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o good_n of_o every_o good_a and_o honest_a man_n see_v that_o even_o in_o criminal_a cause_n it_o have_v provide_v as_o much_o as_o may_v stand_v with_o justice_n a_o help_n and_o favour_n permit_v the_o judge_n to_o order_v the_o plead_n of_o offender_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o to_o avoid_v mispleading_a and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o except_v against_o the_o juror_n which_o they_o dislike_v 13_o for_o that_o it_o do_v forbid_v the_o sale_n of_o office_n thereby_o intend_v due_a administration_n of_o justice_n for_o where_o office_n be_v sell_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o great_a there_o justice_n be_v common_o sell_v by_o
consvetudo_n well_fw-mi lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n according_a to_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n necessary_a for_o all_o statesman_n judge_n magistrate_n temporal_a and_o civil_a lawyer_n mint-man_n merchant_n mariner_n and_o all_o other_o negotiate_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n by_o gerard_n malynes_n merchant_n salus_fw-la populi_n suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la london_n print_v by_o adam_n islip_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1622._o doctrina_fw-la parit_fw-la virtutem_fw-la to_o the_o most_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n most_o dread_a and_o gracious_a sovereign_n the_o state_n of_o monarchy_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o supreme_a thing_n under_o the_o cope_n of_o heaven_n when_o king_n be_v not_o only_a god_n lieutenant_n upon_o earth_n and_o sit_v upon_o his_o throne_n but_o 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from_o another_o 1_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n and_o ordinance_n for_o their_o own_o government_n 2_o in_o the_o make_n of_o war_n peace_n or_o truce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n 3_o in_o the_o provide_v of_o money_n within_o themselves_o for_o their_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n 4_o in_o the_o election_n of_o chief_a officer_n &_o magistrate_n and_o 5_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n wherein_o many_o mutation_n be_v incident_a yet_o the_o law-merchant_n have_v always_o be_v find_v semper_fw-la eadem_fw-la that_o be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a without_o abrogation_n according_a to_o her_o most_o ancient_a custom_n concur_v with_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o all_o country_n great_a reverence_n be_v due_a unto_o law_n at_o all_o time_n and_o have_v be_v in_o all_o age_n solon_n cause_v the_o athenian_n to_o swear_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o his_o law_n during_o the_o time_n of_o one_o hundred_o year_n lycurgus_n do_v embrace_v a_o voluntary_a 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whereof_o accompany_v with_o my_o bind_a duty_n have_v embolden_v i_o of_o late_a to_o dedicate_v unto_o your_o sacred_a majesty_n a_o little_a treatise_n entitle_v the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n wherein_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o volume_n which_o likewise_o be_v to_o be_v present_v unto_o your_o highness_n for_o it_o befall_v unto_o i_o as_o it_o do_v to_o the_o philosopher_n who_o by_o progression_n in_o wisdom_n endeavour_v to_o attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o knowledge_n do_v perceive_v that_o the_o near_o approach_v thereunto_o seem_v to_o he_o to_o be_v further_a off_o so_o my_o endeavour_n strive_v to_o deserve_v some_o thing_n at_o your_o royal_a hand_n seem_v unto_o i_o to_o merit_v least_o of_o all_o but_o be_v confident_a of_o your_o most_o gracious_a benignity_n and_o superexcee_a grace_n i_o do_v offer_n unto_o your_o most_o judicial_a eye_n this_o law-merchant_n describe_v according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o your_o majesty_n kingdom_n and_o dominion_n may_v be_v increase_v and_o preserve_v which_o be_v do_v by_o just_a and_o politic_a course_n may_v proper_o be_v call_v the_o preheminent_a study_n of_o prince_n ground_v by_o commutatio_fw-la negotiatiuâ—_n upon_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n as_o aforesaid_a observe_v by_o your_o high_a wisdom_n upon_o the_o predominant_a part_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n for_o money_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n wherein_o your_o highness_n do_v surpass_v all_o the_o treatise_n and_o conference_n have_v by_o your_o noble_a ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n king_n with_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n if_o your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n therefore_o shall_v be_v please_v from_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la of_o your_o gracious_a aspect_n to_o cast_v some_o reflect_a beam_n upon_o the_o plain_a superficies_n of_o this_o law-merchant_n every_o little_a spark_n therein_o will_v become_v a_o flame_n and_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o draw_v by_o the_o diameter_n of_o it_o meridian_n line_n of_o your_o royal_a favour_n without_o which_o this_o book_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o a_o sun_n dial_n which_o be_v no_o long_o serviceable_a than_o while_o the_o sun_n beam_n do_v illuminate_v the_o same_o in_o hope_n of_o which_o superaboundant_a favour_n i_o do_v apostrophate_o this_o epistle_n but_o do_v multiply_v my_o ardent_a prayer_n for_o your_o majesty_n most_o happy_a reign_v long_o to_o endure_v over_o we_o to_o god_n glory_n and_o our_o comfort_n your_o majesty_n most_o loyal_a and_o obedient_a subject_n gerard_n malines_n to_o the_o courteous_n rerder_n that_o famous_a philosopher_n xenophon_n extol_v the_o persian_a law_n testify_v that_o their_o citizen_n from_o their_o infancy_n be_v educate_v and_o teach_v not_o to_o attempt_v or_o almost_o to_o imagine_v any_o thing_n but_o honest_a and_o just_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n as_o gellius_n report_v that_o draco_n a_o citizen_n of_o athens_n make_v their_o law_n so_o strict_a and_o severe_a that_o it_o be_v say_v they_o be_v write_v with_o blood_n and_o not_o with_o ink_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o law_n make_v by_o solon_n be_v compare_v to_o a_o spider_n web_n which_o take_v the_o lesser_a fly_n and_o suffer_v the_o great_a to_o escape_v and_o to_o break_v the_o same_o so_o that_o every_o extreme_a be_v vicious_a reason_n require_v a_o law_n not_o too_o cruel_a in_o her_o frown_n nor_o too_o partial_a in_o her_o favour_n neither_o of_o these_o defect_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n because_o the_o same_o do_v proper_o consist_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o be_v approve_v by_o all_o nation_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o cicero_n vera_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la recta_fw-la ratio_fw-la natura_fw-la congruens_fw-la diffusa_fw-la in_o omnes_fw-la constans_n sempiterna_fw-la true_a law_n be_v a_o right_a reason_n of_o nature_n agree_v therewith_o in_o all_o point_n diffuse_v and_o spread_v in_o all_o nation_n consist_v perpetual_o whereby_o meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la be_v distinguish_v and_o distribute_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v apparent_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v so_o pleasant_a amiable_a and_o acceptable_a unto_o all_o prince_n and_o potentate_n that_o king_n have_v be_v and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o society_n of_o merchant_n and_o many_o time_n notwithstanding_o their_o particular_a difference_n and_o quarrel_n they_o do_v nevertheless_o agree_v in_o this_o course_n of_o trade_n because_o riches_n be_v the_o bright_a star_n who_o height_n traffic_n take_v to_o direct_v itself_o by_o whereby_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n do_v flourish_v merchant_n be_v the_o mean_n and_o instrument_n to_o perform_v the_o same_o to_o the_o glory_n illustration_n and_o benefit_n of_o their_o monarchy_n and_o state_n questionless_a therefore_o the_o state_n of_o a_o merchant_n be_v of_o great_a
plantation_n of_o people_n and_o new_a discovery_n 234_o 47_o of_o the_o fish_n trade_n 241_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o essence_n or_o existence_n of_o metal_n 255_o 2_o of_o mine_n royal_a 259_o 3_o of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n 268_o 4_o of_o the_o profitable_a work_n of_o mine_n 272_o 5_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n and_o of_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o 274_o 6_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o mint_n 279_o 7_o of_o the_o assay_n of_o bâ—llion_n and_o money_n 284_o 8_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o money_n and_o their_o several_a standard_n 291_o 9_o of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o â—iluer_n 307_o 10_o of_o the_o law_n and_o prohibition_n against_o usury_n 235_o 11_o of_o usury_n politic_a and_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n 329_o 12_o of_o intolerable_a usury_n and_o lombard_n 337_o 13_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n 341_o 14_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n 345_o 15_o of_o usurious_a contract_n 349_o 16_o of_o lawful_a bargain_n and_o contract_n 352_o 17_o of_o the_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n 354_o 18_o of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n annuity_n and_o pension_n 358_o 19_o of_o the_o denomination_n and_o division_n of_o money_n of_o diverse_a country_n 360_o 20_o of_o merchant_n account_v keep_v by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n 362_o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 378_o 2_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n by_o bill_n according_a to_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la 382_o 3_o of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o imaginary_a money_n of_o all_o place_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 386_o 4_o of_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o the_o term_n of_o art_n use_v therein_o 391_o 5_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 393_o 6_o of_o the_o non-acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o custom_n observe_v concern_v the_o same_o 398_o 7_o of_o notary_n intimation_n and_o protest_v 401_o 8_o of_o reciprocal_a or_o double_a exchange_n 404_o 9_o of_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n perform_v by_o exchange_n 408_o 10_o of_o the_o true_a reformation_n of_o exchange_n 413_o 11_o of_o attachment_n and_o arrest_n 424_o 12_o of_o sequestration_n and_o execution_n 428_o 13_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n 439_o 14_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n 443_o 15_o of_o arbitrator_n and_o their_o award_v 447_o 16_o of_o the_o merchant_n court_n or_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n 451_o 17_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v 460_o 18_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n 477_o 19_o the_o due_a commendation_n of_o natural_a mother_n wit._n 491_o 20_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o the_o staple_n 495_o a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n 499_o a_o induction_n to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law_n merchant_z and_o the_o antiqvitie_n thereof_o chap._n i._n when_o almighty_a god_n have_v create_v man_n good_a and_o a_o sociable_a creature_n who_o can_v not_o so_o well_o live_v alone_o as_o other_o creature_n sufficient_o provide_v by_o nature_n for_o their_o sustenance_n and_o have_v reason_n assign_v and_o give_v unto_o he_o above_o all_o the_o say_a creature_n yet_o all_o the_o mean_n and_o faculty_n of_o his_o body_n and_o soul_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v he_o happy_a while_o he_o be_v alone_o but_o necessity_n do_v require_v a_o concourse_n of_o man_n help_v one_o another_o to_o supply_v with_o a_o common_a strength_n the_o say_a weakness_n for_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o say_a necessity_n be_v so_o weighty_a and_o great_a that_o one_o man_n alone_o be_v not_o able_a to_o manage_v the_o same_o then_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o mutual_a contribution_n of_o office_n every_o man_n do_v afford_v mean_n according_a to_o his_o ability_n for_o the_o common_a good_a so_o that_o those_o which_o be_v of_o a_o strong_a body_n do_v employ_v their_o labour_n to_o get_v live_v and_o maintenance_n for_o themselves_o and_o other_o and_o those_o which_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o understanding_n and_o reason_n do_v undertake_v the_o most_o important_a matter_n teach_v man_n how_o to_o live_v well_o and_o inform_v they_o of_o their_o felicity_n which_o they_o judge_v chief_o to_o consist_v in_o virtuous_a action_n endeavour_v to_o make_v impression_n in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n of_o certain_a good_a law_n for_o the_o observation_n thereof_o with_o a_o reference_n of_o they_o to_o the_o first_o law_n engraft_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n as_o a_o part_n of_o that_o divine_a light_n which_o be_v infuse_v in_o he_o to_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n of_o perfection_n the_o good_a and_o evil_a synderisis_z call_v by_o the_o grecian_n synderisis_z and_o according_o to_o receive_v reward_n or_o punishment_n as_o for_o the_o other_o and_o better_a part_n of_o inform_v and_o guide_v the_o thought_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n to_o a_o supernatural_a end_n that_o as_o surpass_v the_o compass_n of_o that_o low_a sphere_n wherein_o i_o now_o move_v must_v be_v leave_v untouched_a by_o i_o who_o here_o take_v for_o my_o object_n not_o the_o spiritual_a but_o the_o civil_a life_n of_o man_n and_o the_o mean_n thereto_o conduce_v touch_v therefore_o the_o external_a part_n the_o mutual_a contribution_n of_o office_n among_o man_n have_v from_o the_o beginning_n continue_v both_o in_o labour_v and_o manure_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o the_o land_n in_o corn_n and_o pasturage_n as_o in_o the_o immediate_a child_n of_o our_o first_o father_n adam_n and_o in_o plant_v vine_n and_o make_v a_o extract_n of_o the_o ivyce_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o as_o noah_n which_o riches_n in_o matter_n and_o foundation_n natural_a and_o partly_o also_o in_o alteration_n and_o manage_v artificial_o every_o possessor_n not_o long_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n several_o enjoy_v in_o property_n and_o hence_o do_v proceed_v a_o commerce_n first_o in_o real_a interchange_n and_o communication_n of_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o or_o other_o kind_n but_o all_o natural_a commodity_n as_o sheep_n for_o sheep_n sheep_n for_o corn_n wine_n for_o oil_n etc._n etc._n between_o man_n and_o man_n or_o nation_n and_o nation_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n and_o after_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n by_o a_o common_a pignus_fw-la currant_n mutual_a which_o we_o call_v money_n both_o by_o way_n of_o merchandize_v gen._n gen._n the_o most_o ancient_a evidence_n hereof_o be_v abraham_n purchase_v for_o money_n a_o field_n for_o burial_n the_o observation_n and_o custom_n whereof_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o that_o especial_o when_o mankind_n be_v propagate_v into_o a_o infinite_a number_n and_o the_o domestic_n or_o near_a hand_n commodity_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o their_o sustenance_n in_o some_o country_n and_o in_o other_o country_n be_v over_o abundant_a then_o of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o use_n of_o trust_v exchange_v and_o trade_v first_o on_o the_o land_n in_o the_o main_a continent_n and_o then_o extensive_o upon_o the_o sea_n both_o for_o fish_v and_o negotiation_n then_o do_v merchant_n travel_v from_o country_n to_o country_n so_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n 37.27_o gen_n 37.27_o do_v the_o merchant_n madianit_n in_o their_o journey_n meet_v with_o the_o child_n of_o jacob_n and_o then_o joseph_n be_v carry_v by_o their_o mean_n into_o egypt_n and_o sell_v to_o potipher_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o father_n and_o all_o his_o family_n and_o then_o it_o be_v and_o prove_v to_o be_v true_a which_o experience_n have_v confirm_v that_o vita_fw-la ciculis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la law_n the_o law-merchant_n a_o most_o ancient_a law_n societas_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n merchant_n may_v well_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o humane_a law_n and_o more_o ancient_a than_o any_o write_a law_n the_o very_a moral_a law_n itself_o as_o write_v by_o moses_n be_v long_o after_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n which_o have_v so_o continue_v and_o be_v daily_o augment_v successive_o upon_o new_a
occasion_n and_o be_v not_o altogether_o make_v in_o the_o first_o foundation_n as_o the_o law_n whereby_o the_o commonweal_n of_o israel_n who_o law_n be_v uniform_o make_v by_o moses_n from_o god_n or_o those_o of_o crete_n cybaris_n sparta_n &_o carthage_n by_o minos_n charondas_n lycurgus_n and_o phalcas_n nevertheless_o many_o emperor_n and_o king_n have_v always_o refer_v the_o end_n of_o difference_n which_o happen_v between_o merchant_n to_o be_v do_v &_o decide_v according_a to_o the_o law-merchant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n who_o by_o their_o travel_n find_v the_o diversity_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o the_o goodness_n and_o use_n of_o commodity_n please_v to_o all_o nation_n whereby_o the_o superfluity_n of_o they_o be_v vent_v among_o they_o ut_fw-la quod_fw-la uspiam_fw-la nascitur_fw-la boni_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la affluat_fw-la this_o law_n of_o merchant_n or_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la in_o the_o fundamental_o of_o it_o deâ—epub_fw-la definition_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n deâ—epub_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o as_o cicero_n define_v true_a and_o just_a law_n recta_fw-la ratio_fw-la naturae_fw-la congruens_fw-la diffusa_fw-la in_o omnes_fw-la constans_n sempiterna_fw-la true_a law_n be_v right_a reason_n agreeable_a to_o nature_n in_o all_o point_n diffuse_v and_o spread_v in_o all_o nation_n consist_v perpetual_o without_o abrogation_n gentium_fw-la ius_n gentium_fw-la howbeit_o some_o do_v attribute_v this_o definition_n unto_o ius_fw-la gentium_fw-la or_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n and_o prescription_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n and_o observe_v by_o they_o as_o a_o law_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v true_o examine_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o more_o natural_o and_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o law-merchant_n every_o man_n know_v that_o for_o manner_n and_o prescription_n there_o be_v great_a diversity_n among_o all_o nation_n but_o for_o the_o custom_n observe_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n there_o be_v that_o sympathy_n concordance_n and_o agreement_n which_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n diffuse_v and_o spread_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o instinct_n of_o nature_n consist_v perpetual_o and_o these_o custom_n be_v proper_o those_o observation_n which_o merchant_n maintain_v between_o themselves_o and_o if_o these_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o say_a law_n will_v consist_v but_o of_o few_o point_n nation_n prerogative_n of_o prince_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n prince_n and_o potentate_n by_o their_o prerogative_n respect_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v permit_v among_o themselves_o a_o free_a travel_n by_o land_n through_o their_o several_a kingdom_n territory_n and_o dominion_n unless_o they_o be_v open_a enemy_n they_o hold_v likewise_o a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o navigation_n as_o also_o a_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v to_o the_o territory_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o their_o country_n they_o take_v custom_n subsidy_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o imposition_n upon_o the_o commodity_n import_v and_o export_v out_o of_o their_o harbour_n haven_n and_o port_n as_o also_o duty_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o their_o sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n of_o all_o which_o the_o merchant_n be_v to_o take_v especial_a notice_n to_o avoid_v danger_n in_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n with_o their_o subject_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o same_o which_o they_o claim_v jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la be_v not_o the_o sea_n law_n establi_v to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n and_o difference_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n and_o be_v it_o not_o convenient_a for_o merchant_n to_o know_v they_o consider_v that_o merchant_n maintain_v the_o fisherman_n and_o by_o way_n of_o trade_n cause_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n commodity_n to_o be_v disperse_v every_o where_o so_o that_o the_o say_v prerogaty_n do_v also_o appertain_v to_o the_o law-merchant_n as_o proper_o inherent_a unto_o commerce_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o merchant_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n and_o nation_n concern_v manner_n and_o prescription_n nation_n manner_n and_o prescription_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n wherein_o the_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v note_v from_o the_o law-merchant_n the_o same_o consist_v in_o the_o erect_n of_o office_n create_v of_o officer_n and_o make_v of_o law_n which_o of_o themselves_o make_v a_o separation_n between_o custom_n also_o the_o give_v or_o bestow_v of_o honour_n and_o dignity_n the_o grant_n of_o privilege_n and_o the_o do_v of_o any_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o honour_n body_n and_o good_n of_o any_o man_n whereunto_o all_o thing_n touch_v man_n have_v a_o reference_n and_o do_v mere_o belong_v to_o the_o pre-eminence_n of_o prince_n in_o their_o place_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o herein_o let_v we_o observe_v the_o difference_n between_o law_n and_o custom_n according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o say_v worthy_a author_n cicero_n custom_n difference_n between_o law_n and_o custom_n a_o custom_n say_v he_o take_v her_o strength_n by_o little_a and_o little_a in_o progress_n of_o time_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n or_o of_o the_o most_o part_n but_o the_o law_n come_v forth_o in_o a_o moment_n and_o take_v her_o strength_n from_o he_o that_o have_v power_n to_o command_v custom_n do_v take_v place_n gentle_o but_o the_o law_n command_v with_o a_o power_n sudden_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o law_n may_v abolish_v custom_n but_o custom_n can_v derogate_v from_o the_o law_n because_o magistrate_n will_v see_v they_o execute_v at_o all_o time_n custom_n have_v their_o strength_n by_o sufferance_n but_o the_o law_n command_v by_o absolute_a authority_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o yet_o custom_n be_v of_o no_o less_o power_n than_o a_o 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and_o sometime_o they_o be_v observe_v and_o sometime_o they_o be_v neglect_v but_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n concern_v traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v permanent_a and_o constant_a and_o when_o they_o be_v not_o true_o observe_v in_o some_o place_n by_o some_o error_n or_o misprision_n non_fw-la est_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la sed_fw-la usurpatio_fw-la for_o such_o custom_n lose_v their_o name_n and_o be_v call_v usurpation_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o many_o time_n custom_n be_v establish_v for_o law_n by_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n and_o custom_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law_n law_n custom_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o law_n either_o for_o suppress_v of_o vice_n or_o establishiug_v of_o virtue_n so_o that_o whosoever_o allege_v a_o custom_n in_o his_o defence_n be_v to_o prove_v and_o maintain_v the_o same_o if_o it_o be_v honest_a now_o we_o must_v not_o understand_v this_o of_o any_o evil_a custom_n because_o they_o make_v no_o precedent_n and_o be_v to_o be_v supress_v by_o law_n likewise_o a_o custom_n well_o observe_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o law_n not_o observe_v custom_n a_o gradation_n concern_v law_n and_o custom_n and_o this_o gradation_n ought_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o serious_o observe_v concern_v law_n and_o custom_n that_o even_o as_o the_o will_n contract_n or_o testament_n of_o particular_a man_n can_v derogate_v or_o undo_v the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o as_o the_o order_n of_o the_o magistrate_n can_v abolish_v ancient_a good_a custom_n nor_o custom_n can_v abridge_v the_o general_a law_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n no_o more_o can_v the_o law_n of_o prince_n alter_v or_o change_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n bartolus_n baldus_n justinian_n ulpian_n paul_n the_o jurisconsulse_n papinian_n benvenuto_n straccha_n petrus_n santerne_n joannes_n inder_v balduinus_n de_fw-fr vbald_n rodericus_fw-la suarez_n jason_n angel_n andrias_n tiraquell_n alciatus_fw-la budeus_n alexander_n perusius_n pomponius_n incolaus_fw-la boertius_fw-la azo_n celsus_n rusinus_n mansilius_fw-la
of_o debt_n herein_o we_o may_v consider_v a_o necessity_n to_o give_v blank_n not_o only_o because_o of_o the_o master_n credit_v requisite_a but_o also_o because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o find_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v to_o be_v buy_v chap._n xv._o of_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n and_o transport_v or_o conveyance_n etc._n a_o definition_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n etc._n etc._n a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v a_o act_n public_o do_v before_o a_o notary_n or_o scrivener_n whereby_o one_o man_n give_v power_n and_o authority_n of_o himself_o unto_o another_o man_n by_o way_n of_o deputation_n to_o do_v execute_v and_o perform_v for_o he_o any_o lawful_a thing_n which_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o constituant_fw-la might_n or_o may_v aswell_o present_a as_o absent_a do_v conclude_v and_o determine_v in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o politic_a with_o power_n also_o to_o substitute_n one_o or_o more_o person_n to_o do_v the_o same_o under_o he_o in_o the_o say_v first_o constituant_n name_n and_o to_o swear_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o he_o if_o cause_n so_o require_v albeit_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o attorney_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o substance_n which_o must_v be_v observe_v they_o be_v call_v beyond_o the_o sea_n procuration_n to_o procure_v or_o effect_v that_o which_o a_o man_n will_v have_v common_o in_o a_o other_o place_n and_o in_o matter_n of_o authority_n for_o law_n cause_n they_o go_v one_o degree_n further_o than_o letter_n of_o credit_n because_o the_o law_n do_v require_v the_o same_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o authority_n or_o power_n of_o the_o party_n constitute_v may_v public_o appear_v wherein_o a_o letter_n missive_a be_v not_o sufficient_a as_o the_o same_o be_v in_o thing_n concern_v the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o negotiation_n and_o deal_n between_o merchant_n which_o by_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v of_o great_a validity_n procuration_n general_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n contain_v the_o word_n irrevocable_a irrevocable_a pâ—ocurations_n irrevocable_a imply_v that_o power_n give_v shall_v endure_v for_o ever_o and_o so_o it_o be_v take_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o word_n be_v use_v pro_fw-la forma_fw-la and_o a_o procuration_n or_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v revocable_a at_o all_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o the_o say_a letter_n of_o attorney_n do_v contain_v a_o transport_v of_o some_o thing_n which_o be_v convey_v thereby_o as_o if_o a_o man_n do_v constitute_v another_o for_o the_o recouver_n of_o certain_a money_n for_o the_o party_n own_o proper_a use_n without_o account_n to_o be_v render_v for_o the_o same_o and_o the_o say_a party_n have_v recover_v the_o say_a money_n by_o virtue_n of_o it_o this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n can_v be_v revoke_v to_o any_o purpose_n the_o effect_n be_v full_o perform_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o so_o beyond_o the_o sea_n if_o you_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o a_o procurator_n in_o law_n to_o follow_v a_o cause_n for_o you_o in_o law_n although_o the_o same_o be_v make_v irrevocable_a yet_o upon_o good_a cause_n you_o may_v revoke_v the_o same_o and_o appoint_v another_o to_o follow_v the_o cause_n but_o it_o be_v common_o do_v with_o leave_n of_o the_o court_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v consist_v or_o depend_v and_o because_o the_o intimation_n and_o citation_n be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v the_o nomination_n of_o some_o place_n as_o it_o be_v to_o choose_v a_o domicilium_fw-la must_v be_v do_v power_n procuration_n with_o a_o limit_a power_n but_o the_o power_n may_v be_v limit_v a_o attorney_n may_v have_v authority_n to_o convict_v a_o man_n by_o law_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o money_n or_o good_n and_o to_o proceed_v to_o execution_n by_o imprison_v of_o the_o debtor_n yet_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o power_n to_o release_v he_o out_o of_o prison_n without_o further_a authority_n so_o in_o the_o receive_n of_o good_n or_o money_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v to_o use_v his_o discretion_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v a_o merchant_n may_v also_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o a_o notary_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o to_o give_v he_o power_n to_o make_v any_o insinuation_n or_o intimation_n or_o protest_v against_o any_o other_o merchant_n there_o to_o serve_v he_o in_o all_o occasion_n or_o occurrence_n concern_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n for_o a_o procuration_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o validity_n that_o the_o party_n who_o have_v the_o same_o and_o be_v the_o procurator_n be_v take_v in_o law_n as_o absolute_a as_o the_o constituant_fw-la and_o many_o sundry_a proceed_n may_v be_v use_v against_o he_o according_o by_o citation_n intimation_n protest_v recovery_n of_o good_n deliver_v former_o and_o recall_v back_o again_o or_o the_o value_n thereof_o upon_o any_o attachment_n or_o sequestration_n which_o can_v be_v do_v against_o a_o man_n factor_n or_o servant_n procurator_n a_o caveat_n for_o procurator_n therefore_o they_o that_o have_v procuration_n be_v to_o be_v careful_a of_o the_o dispossess_v of_o themselves_o of_o any_o good_n or_o money_n receive_v to_o be_v clear_v by_o the_o law_n which_o happen_v common_o of_o good_n take_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o sequester_v in_o any_o harbour_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n the_o civilians_n entreat_v of_o procuration_n or_o constitution_n under_o titulas_fw-la mandati_fw-la have_v well_o observe_v mandata_fw-la the_o original_n of_o mandata_fw-la that_o commandment_n have_v their_o original_n from_o friendship_n or_o out_o of_o authority_n of_o office_n and_o place_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v diligent_o to_o be_v execute_v and_o keep_v and_o hereupon_o they_o have_v also_o note_v diverse_a question_n and_o proposition_n nos_fw-la igitur_fw-la pauca_fw-la tractabimus_fw-la adrem_fw-la de_fw-la qua_fw-la agitur_fw-la pertinentia_fw-la a.b._n will_v c.d._n his_o debtor_n to_o pay_v unto_o e._n â—_o one_o hundred_o pound_n which_o he_o do_v owe_v he_o c.d._n do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a money_n but_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o queritur_fw-la whether_o c.d._n have_v perform_v the_o commission_n or_o commandment_n give_v he_o and_o whether_o he_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n as_o also_o whether_o this_o order_n or_o commission_n can_v be_v revoke_v a.b._n owe_v the_o like_a sum_n to_o e.f._n herein_o c.d._n have_v not_o perform_v his_o commission_n which_o be_v to_o pay_v and_o not_o to_o promise_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o the_o say_a commission_n may_v be_v revoke_v and_o c.d._n be_v not_o discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n for_o the_o matter_n be_v entire_a and_o all_o entire_a commission_n be_v revocable_a mandatum_fw-la enim_fw-la re_fw-la integra_fw-la revocari_fw-la potest_fw-la &_o res_fw-la est_fw-la integra_fw-la &_o si_fw-la stipulatio_fw-la promissiove_n interuenerit_fw-la cum_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la mandaverim_fw-la for_o if_o c.d._n shall_v break_v or_o become_v insoluent_a e.f._n will_v come_v to_o a.b._n his_o debtor_n to_o have_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o say_a money_n and_o c.d._n be_v not_o discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n owe_v unto_o a.b._n but_o if_o e.f._n have_v take_v his_o promise_n for_o payment_n then_o upon_o proof_n make_v of_o it_o the_o case_n be_v clear_a it_o be_v a_o question_n also_o whether_o a_o procurator_n have_v commission_n to_o receive_v money_n which_o be_v owe_v or_o lend_v and_o to_o give_v a_o acquittance_n for_o the_o same_o and_o receive_v the_o money_n without_o make_v a_o acquittance_n have_v perform_v his_o commission_n and_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o he_o have_v not_o perform_v the_o same_o because_o he_o make_v no_o acquittance_n as_o he_o be_v will_v to_o do_v aliud_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la confessio_fw-la aliud_fw-la numeratio_fw-la albeit_o the_o acquittance_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o procurator_n but_o the_o party_n who_o repay_v the_o money_n another_o case_n they_o handle_v at_o large_a bartholomew_n do_v make_v and_o constitute_v nicholas_n to_o be_v his_o procurator_n or_o agent_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n to_o the_o value_n of_o five_o thousand_o crown_n and_o he_o the_o constituant_fw-la to_o be_v answerable_a for_o the_o price_n and_o total_a sum_n of_o five_o thousand_o crown_n and_o withal_o give_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n unto_o the_o say_a nicholas_n that_o his_o procuration_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o available_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o honest_a person_n gerome_n john_n and_o angel_n of_o who_o the_o say_v constituant_fw-la have_v his_o commission_n and_o that_o they_o also_o together_o and_o apart_o insolidum_fw-la shall_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o performance_n and_o himself_o also_o nicholas_n the_o procurator_n by_o the_o commission_n of_o jerome_n john_n and_o angel_n as_o also_o
a_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o consideration_n that_o he_o fraight_v the_o say_a ship_n for_o a_o voyage_n promise_v to_o repay_v the_o say_a money_n at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a voyage_n if_o the_o say_a factor_n have_v freight_v this_o ship_n for_o another_o man_n account_n this_o merchant_n be_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o money_n during_o the_o time_n and_o if_o the_o factor_n conceal_v the_o same_o he_o be_v to_o repair_v the_o damage_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o for_o the_o interest_n and_o adventure_v of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o say_a owner_n bear_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o merchant_n will_v have_v assure_v so_o much_o the_o less_o or_o by_o employ_v that_o money_n towards_o the_o lade_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o shall_v disburse_v to_o much_o money_n less_o to_o make_v the_o say_a voyage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o money_n the_o freight_n be_v make_v the_o great_a whereof_o the_o say_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n have_v have_v a_o consideration_n by_o disburse_v the_o same_o assurance_n assurance_n if_o a_o factor_n be_v require_v to_o make_v assurance_n for_o a_o merchant_n upon_o a_o ship_n or_o good_n lade_v for_o a_o certain_a voyage_n and_o have_v money_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o pay_v for_o the_o premio_fw-la or_o the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o this_o factor_n do_v neglect_v the_o same_o and_o give_v no_o notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o merchant_n who_o may_v have_v make_v assurance_n in_o another_o place_n and_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o good_n do_v perish_v at_o the_o sea_n this_o factor_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v some_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o say_a order_n or_o commission_n order_n composition_n make_v without_o order_n if_o a_o factor_n have_v make_v assurance_n upon_o good_n lade_v which_o afterward_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assurer_n for_o the_o same_o without_o order_n or_o commission_n for_o it_o he_o be_v to_o answer_v the_o whole_a assurance_n to_o the_o merchant_n a_o merchant_n cause_v a_o ship_n to_o be_v freight_v and_o lade_v with_o commodity_n for_o constantinople_n by_o a_o factor_n of_o london_n himself_o dwell_v at_o antuerpe_n and_o be_v a_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n in_o the_o late_a war_n cause_v 2000_o will_v to_o be_v assure_v at_o london_n upon_o the_o say_a good_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v take_v by_o the_o galley_n of_o sicilia_n and_o bring_v to_o palermo_n where_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n his_o subject_n but_o that_o there_o be_v 2000_o will_v assure_v at_o london_n by_o english_a merchant_n their_o enemy_n in_o those_o day_n pretend_v thereupon_o to_o take_v the_o say_v good_n for_o forfeit_a or_o so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o shall_v amount_v to_o the_o sum_n so_o assure_v hereupon_o the_o assurer_n have_v intimation_n from_o the_o factor_n of_o it_o desire_v to_o make_v some_o composition_n to_o avoid_v that_o danger_n whereby_o the_o good_n also_o may_v be_v soon_o clear_v and_o the_o possession_n obtain_v for_o the_o owner_n and_o proprietary_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o merchant_n of_o antuerp_n wherein_o expedition_n be_v require_v the_o factor_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_a expedition_n do_v not_o stay_v to_o receive_v a_o answer_n from_o the_o merchant_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v but_o make_v a_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n for_o 60_o pound_n for_o the_o hundred_o pound_n to_o be_v pay_v instant_o the_o good_n be_v afterward_o all_o recover_v whereof_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v assure_v be_v former_o relinquish_v to_o the_o assuror_n for_o the_o merchant_n will_v not_o condescend_v to_o make_v any_o composition_n with_o the_o assuror_n so_o that_o the_o factor_n do_v bear_v the_o adventure_n to_o lose_v 2000_o will_v 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of_o sea_n law_n have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n methodical_o entreat_v as_o also_o in_o this_o hitherto_o of_o the_o matter_n therein_o intend_v nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o they_o the_o matter_n be_v of_o several_a nature_n run_v promiscuous_o but_o in_o the_o end_n will_v perform_v the_o work_n for_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o this_o work_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n can_v be_v complete_a without_o the_o sea_n law_n so_o call_v law_n because_o they_o be_v write_v and_o know_v for_o without_o navigation_n commerce_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n so_o that_o the_o land_n affair_n shall_v be_v intermix_v with_o seafaring_a matter_n according_o some_o do_v attribute_v the_o first_o make_v of_o sea_n law_n to_o the_o pheniciaus_fw-la and_o carthaginian_n because_o pliny_n do_v ascribe_v the_o art_n of_o sail_v unto_o they_o but_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a record_n 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buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n either_o for_o ready_a money_n or_o payable_a at_o some_o day_n of_o payment_n wherein_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o broker_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o as_o it_o will_v be_v troublesome_a to_o use_v scrivener_n in_o every_o bargain_n so_o be_v it_o commodious_a to_o use_v the_o mean_n of_o broker_n the_o commodity_n be_v not_o only_o buy_v and_o sell_v with_o more_o credit_n and_o reputation_n but_o all_o controversy_n which_o do_v arise_v by_o misadventure_n or_o otherwise_o be_v soon_o determine_v and_o a_o swear_a broker_n be_v take_v as_o a_o double_a witness_n if_o he_o do_v produce_v his_o book_n with_o a_o memorandum_n of_o the_o bargain_n as_o the_o same_o be_v agree_v between_o both_o party_n whereby_o many_o varience_n be_v reconcile_v and_o difference_n like_a to_o fall_v out_o be_v prevent_v contract_n the_o most_o beneficial_a contract_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v the_o most_o memorable_a contract_n that_o ever_o be_v whereby_o 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the_o silver_n withal_o in_o the_o say_a indies_n and_o moreover_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o pack_n of_o the_o print_a bull_n and_o pardon_n grant_v at_o that_o time_n to_o make_v provision_n against_o the_o heretic_n forasmuch_o that_o the_o great_a armada_n of_o the_o year_n 1588._o have_v so_o much_o exhaust_v the_o treasure_n of_o spain_n these_o two_o ship_n be_v meet_v withal_o at_o sea_n by_o captain_n white_n who_o be_v lade_v and_o bind_v for_o barbary_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o he_o where_o the_o commodity_n be_v sell_v but_o the_o pope_n merchandise_n be_v out_o of_o request_n remain_v a_o long_a time_n in_o warehouse_n at_o the_o dispose_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n until_o at_o last_o at_o the_o earnest_a request_n of_o her_o physician_n call_v doctor_n lopes_n she_o give_v all_o the_o say_v great_a quantity_n of_o bull_n unto_o he_o amount_v to_o many_o thousand_o in_o number_n this_o courtly_a merchant_n fall_v in_o communication_n with_o a_o italian_a 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hinder_v in_o his_o trade_n by_o lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la or_o not_o get_v the_o other_o party_n may_v just_o demand_v recompense_n for_o the_o same_o especial_o if_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n otherwise_o some_o civilians_n make_v the_o same_o questionable_a as_o fisherman_n fowler_n and_o hunter_n which_o say_v they_o can_v demand_v any_o loss_n for_o want_n of_o their_o own_o because_o by_o their_o profession_n they_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o they_o shall_v catch_v or_o take_v any_o thing_n by_o their_o art_n nevertheless_o the_o merchant_n court_n have_v a_o especial_a care_n to_o perform_v well_o with_o fisherman_n contract_n fisherman_n be_v to_o be_v respect_v upon_o contract_n and_o that_o with_o all_o expedition_n of_o justice_n they_o may_v be_v dispatch_v to_o follow_v their_o trade_n without_o any_o intermission_n of_o time_n this_o damage_n sustain_v by_o merchant_n or_o other_o regard_v the_o first_o damage_n upon_o contract_n to_o be_v regard_v for_o the_o non_fw-fr performance_n of_o contract_n can_v be_v demand_v by_o a_o continuance_n of_o time_n run_v ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la during_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n but_o must_v be_v demand_v according_a to_o the_o first_o damage_n receive_v as_o the_o party_n can_v due_o prove_v the_o same_o either_o by_o witness_n or_o upon_o his_o oath_n as_o the_o cause_n may_v require_v therefore_o when_o merchant_n be_v contend_v in_o any_o court_n of_o equity_n or_o law_n where_o they_o be_v delay_v for_o many_o year_n in_o continual_a suit_n at_o their_o great_a charge_n then_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o interrupof_n trade_n and_o commerce_n in_o general_a and_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o party_n in_o particular_a whereof_o the_o law_n of_o merchant_n have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o provide_v for_o and_o therefore_o do_v many_o time_n though_o not_o without_o danger_n admit_v the_o proof_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o party_n oath_n if_o witness_n be_v absent_a contract_n penalty_n upon_o contract_n the_o penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n upon_o any_o contract_n limit_v and_o express_v be_v it_o nomine_fw-la pain_fw-la or_o otherwise_o be_v therefore_o much_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o equity_n to_o make_v they_o stand_v and_o to_o be_v effectual_a for_o the_o mainetenance_n of_o faith_n and_o credit_n between_o merchant_n and_o they_o be_v consequent_o much_o approve_v by_o all_o civilians_n and_o by_o their_o law_n allow_v in_o all_o contract_n make_v for_o a_o copartnership_n in_o provide_v of_o a_o joint_a stock_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o one_o or_o some_o of_o they_o do_v not_o defraud_v the_o other_o also_o it_o be_v approve_v that_o they_o may_v sell_v their_o adventure_n to_o other_o and_o the_o buyer_n be_v to_o take_v the_o account_n according_a to_o the_o contract_n contract_n observation_n in_o partable_a contract_n for_o the_o account_n give_v to_o other_o partner_n in_o society_n do_v always_o bind_v the_o buyer_n
express_v they_o upon_o the_o very_a word_n contain_v in_o all_o or_o most_o policy_n of_o assurance_n namely_o of_o the_o sea_n man_n of_o war_n fire_n enemy_n pirate_n rover_n thief_n jettezon_n letter_n of_o mart_n and_o covenant_n arrest_v restraint_n and_o detainement_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o of_o all_o other_o person_n barratrie_a of_o the_o master_n and_o mariner_n and_o of_o all_o other_o peril_n loss_n and_o misfortune_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v and_o howsoever_o they_o shall_v happen_v or_o come_v to_o the_o hurt_n and_o detriment_n of_o the_o good_n and_o merchandise_n or_o any_o part_n or_o parcel_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n first_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n say_v that_o such_o a_o man_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o quality_n soever_o he_o be_v cause_v himself_o to_o be_v assure_v from_o such_o a_o place_n to_o such_o a_o place_n upon_o good_n or_o etc._n etc._n lade_v or_o to_o be_v lade_v in_o the_o good_a ship_n call_v the_o dragon_n or_o etc._n etc._n of_o the_o burden_n of_o so_o many_o ton_n whereof_o a.b._n be_v master_n for_o such_o a_o voyage_n and_o to_o bear_v the_o adventure_n abovesaid_a if_o the_o person_n who_o name_n be_v use_v in_o the_o assurance_n be_v in_o time_n of_o war_n take_v to_o be_v no_o friend_n to_o the_o state_n there_o be_v a_o danger_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a assurance_n if_o after_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o assurour_n the_o good_n shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o be_v make_v forfeit_v to_o answer_v the_o same_o to_o the_o prince_n albeit_o this_o be_v by_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n contradict_v in_o the_o point_n of_o honour_n as_o it_o please_v she_o of_o a_o royal_a and_o noble_a disposition_n to_o say_v in_o a_o case_n concern_v the_o portugall_n subject_n to_o her_o adversary_n philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1589_o a_o great_a ship_n be_v take_v by_o certain_a man_n of_o war_n of_o london_n and_o bring_v into_o plymouth_n lade_v with_o pepper_n sugar_n and_o 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deem_v that_o a_o pilot_n be_v not_o so_o skilful_a as_o he_o make_v boast_v or_o profession_n of_o then_o shall_v he_o both_o lose_v his_o hire_n and_o double_a the_o same_o to_o the_o admiral_n and_o master_n or_o else_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n pass_v thrice_o under_o the_o ship_n keel_n and_o also_o if_o a_o pilot_n hire_v for_o a_o voyage_n be_v not_o ready_a against_o the_o day_n he_o shall_v not_o only_o pay_v the_o master_n and_o merchant_n damage_n or_o stay_v but_o also_o the_o freight_n that_o be_v lose_v thereby_o except_o sickness_n or_o some_o very_a lawful_a excuse_n qualify_v the_o same_o the_o like_a consideration_n must_v be_v have_v in_o the_o contribution_n make_v to_o satisfy_v pirate_n for_o if_o ship_n or_o good_n be_v redeem_v from_o a_o pirate_n the_o contribution_n must_v be_v make_v by_o all_o because_o the_o redemption_n be_v make_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o all_o pirate_n contribution_n for_o pirate_n but_o if_o the_o pirate_n be_v once_o master_n 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anne_n his_o majesty_n consort_n for_o her_o land_n there_o he_o take_v not_o the_o benefit_n hereof_o as_o he_o may_v have_v do_v but_o the_o say_a queen_n have_v the_o same_o in_o like_a manner_n a_o deo_fw-la dando_fw-la or_o deodant_fw-la appertain_v to_o the_o admiral_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o thing_n whether_o ship_n or_o boat_n that_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n or_o whereby_o a_o man_n do_v perish_v unaware_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n let_v we_o remember_v that_o in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n it_o be_v sufficient_a by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n for_o the_o spoil_v to_o prove_v his_o good_n by_o his_o mark_n and_o the_o shipwreck_n may_v not_o only_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o person_n live_v but_o also_o by_o the_o person_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o preparation_n of_o their_o voyage_n even_o their_o own_o parent_n and_o child_n if_o none_o of_o the_o ship_n break_v be_v alive_a chap._n xxx_o of_o partner_n of_o ship_n and_o voyage_n forasmuch_o as_o 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of_o their_o motive_n that_o thereupon_o he_o may_v administer_v justice_n in_o give_v every_o man_n his_o due_a right_n in_o case_n where_o owner_n do_v agree_v and_o voyage_n be_v undertake_v there_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v place_v by_o the_o owner_n owner_n a_o master_n place_v by_o the_o owner_n and_o they_o ought_v to_o make_v good_a the_o master_n fact_n and_o deed_n so_o that_o the_o master_n may_v lay_v his_o action_n upon_o any_o one_o of_o the_o owner_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o owner_n shall_v pro_fw-la rata_fw-la of_o their_o portion_n be_v contributory_a thereunto_o except_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v so_o several_o divide_v among_o they_o or_o that_o the_o master_n have_v not_o his_o power_n and_o commission_n of_o they_o all_o or_o that_o the_o master_n have_v bind_v himself_o above_o his_o commission_n as_o if_o he_o have_v take_v up_o money_n to_o mend_v the_o ship_n when_o as_o he_o need_v it_o not_o or_o that_o he_o have_v no_o commission_n at_o all_o in_o which_o case_n the_o lender_n commit_v a_o oversight_n and_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o against_o the_o master_n but_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o mend_v the_o ship_n and_o the_o master_n shall_v spend_v the_o same_o another_o way_n the_o owner_n be_v to_o satisfy_v the_o creditor_n notwithstanding_o and_o above_o all_o thing_n money_n lend_v for_o victual_n to_o the_o ship_n company_n shall_v be_v pay_v and_o prefer_v before_o all_o other_o debt_n if_o a_o merchant_n contract_v with_o a_o mariner_n that_o be_v not_o a_o master_n be_v therein_o oversee_v he_o must_v content_v himself_o for_o he_o can_v have_v no_o action_n against_o the_o owner_n except_o for_o a_o fault_n do_v by_o a_o mariner_n which_o have_v be_v hire_v and_o put_v in_o by_o the_o owner_n again_o albeit_o that_o by_o the_o sea-lawe_n the_o owner_n may_v not_o pursue_v any_o person_n oblige_v to_o the_o master_n yet_o be_v they_o permit_v to_o pursue_v upon_o the_o master_n contract_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v principal_a contractor_n because_o herein_o they_o do_v represent_v and_o undertake_v the_o person_n of_o the_o master_n and_o these_o privilege_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o owner_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o augmentation_n of_o traffic_n nevertheless_o the_o master_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o render_v a_o account_n of_o all_o to_o the_o owner_n as_o for_o passenger_n which_o be_v find_v unable_a to_o pay_v and_o so_o be_v not_o owner_n bind_v to_o answer_v for_o the_o master_n negligence_n but_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a if_o the_o owner_n be_v in_o place_n that_o the_o master_n do_v not_o let_v the_o ship_n to_o freight_v or_o undertake_v any_o voyage_n without_o the_o privity_n knowledge_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o of_o some_o of_o they_o to_o the_o end_n many_o thing_n may_v be_v advise_v by_o they_o whereof_o the_o master_n be_v ignorant_a cahp._n xxxi_o of_o money_n take_v upon_o bottommarie_n by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la the_o name_n bottommarie_n be_v derive_v by_o the_o hollander_n from_o the_o keel_n or_o bottom_n of_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o parallel_n whereof_o the_o rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n do_v govern_v and_o direct_v the_o same_o and_o the_o money_n so_o take_v up_o by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v common_o do_v upon_o great_a necessity_n when_o money_n must_v be_v have_v in_o foreign_a country_n to_o perform_v a_o voyage_n for_o the_o use_v pay_v for_o the_o same_o be_v very_o great_a at_o 30_o 40_o and_o 50_o pro_fw-la cent_n without_o consideration_n of_o time_n but_o within_o so_o many_o day_n after_o the_o voyage_n end_v bottommarie_n difference_n between_o interest_n money_n and_o bottommarie_n this_o money_n be_v call_v pecunia_n traiectitia_fw-la because_o that_o upon_o the_o lender_n danger_n and_o adventure_v it_o be_v carry_v beyond_o or_o over_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o if_o the_o ship_n perish_v or_o that_o all_o be_v 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to_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o diall_n plain_a superficies_n make_v computation_n from_o south_n to_o east_n circular_o and_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n horologicall_a wherein_o every_o man_n at_o his_o pleasure_n may_v judge_v with_o understanding_n if_o he_o have_v taste_v but_o of_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o the_o mathematics_n or_o cosmography_n and_o have_v make_v mention_n of_o the_o attractive_a centre_n i_o call_v to_o memory_n a_o conference_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 1606_o be_v in_o yorkshire_n about_o the_o allome_z mine_n and_o certain_a lead_n mine_n in_o richmondshire_n pass_v between_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n doctor_n matthew_n and_o myself_o in_o presence_n of_o ralph_n lord_n ewer_n with_o who_o i_o go_v to_o york_n to_o congratulate_v the_o say_a archbishop_n new_o come_v to_o that_o see_v which_o be_v concern_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o say_v be_v unknown_a unto_o he_o what_o to_o conjecture_v of_o it_o whereupon_o we_o enter_v into_o a_o large_a discourse_n insomuch_o that_o from_o the_o low_a centre_n we_o do_v climb_v and_o ascend_v to_o the_o high_a climate_n by_o imaginary_a conceit_n for_o so_o be_v all_o the_o study_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n zodiac_n experience_n of_o former_a age_n do_v confirm_v this_o imaginary_a circle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o appropriation_n of_o the_o twelve_o sign_n therein_o and_o after_o many_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n stability_n against_o the_o pythagorian_o and_o copernicus_n doctrine_n of_o mobilitie_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o the_o heaven_n move_v and_o the_o earth_n rest_v immovable_a or_o the_o earth_n move_v and_o the_o great_a orb_n of_o star_n be_v permanent_a mention_v before_o we_o do_v find_v all_o this_o to_o be_v imaginary_a and_o in_o that_o consideration_n and_o imagination_n we_o do_v descend_v to_o the_o low_a centre_n again_o and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o whereas_o the_o centre_n be_v take_v to_o be_v as_o a_o point_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n and_o so_o all_o weighty_a thing_n fall_v thereunto_o it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v a_o great_a circle_n whereupon_o all_o other_o orb_n run_v in_o circumference_n circular_o see_v that_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v the_o perfect_a globe_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o all_o weighty_a thing_n may_v be_v incline_v to_o that_o circle_n but_o this_o matter_n be_v not_o concern_v navigation_n let_v we_o return_v again_o to_o our_o observation_n that_o the_o main_a ocean_n sea_n be_v common_a to_o all_o nation_n as_o the_o passage_n be_v on_o the_o land_n to_o be_v navigate_v for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n yet_o no_o one_o man_n can_v traffic_v with_o any_o nation_n without_o their_o consent_n concern_v the_o art_n of_o navigation_n mariner_n have_v one_o great_a imperfection_n that_o be_v the_o want_n of_o exact_a rule_n to_o know_v the_o longitude_n or_o 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amend_v albeit_o the_o say_v chartes_n be_v still_o describe_v with_o straight_a meridian_n line_n run_v equidistant_a or_o parallel_n which_o be_v erroneous_a and_o they_o suppose_v that_o run_n upon_o any_o of_o their_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n they_o shall_v pass_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o plain_a card_n describe_v those_o wind_n with_o straight_a line_n which_o be_v another_o abuse_n for_o the_o ship_n steming_z the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n only_o make_v her_o course_n in_o a_o great_a circle_n east_n or_o west_n she_o describe_v a_o parallel_n and_o be_v stir_v on_o any_o other_o mean_a point_n she_o delineat_v in_o her_o course_n a_o curue_a or_o helicall_a line_n neither_o straight_a nor_o circular_a but_o mix_v of_o both_o which_o supposition_n be_v well_o observe_v between_o two_o different_a angle_n of_o variation_n latitude_n a_o very_a rare_a observation_n respect_v the_o latitude_n and_o confer_v with_o some_o such_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o curue_a line_n every_o degree_n sail_v or_o thereabouts_o will_v shorten_v their_o course_n of_o sail_v that_o with_o like_a wind_n and_o weather_n they_o shall_v perform_v that_o in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n wherein_o they_o spend_v above_o three_o or_o four_o day_n and_o many_o time_n the_o voyage_n be_v thereby_o lose_v and_o overthrow_v as_o i_o make_v sir_n francis_n drake_n knight_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1587._o and_o after_o that_o more_o sensible_o to_o sir_n walter_n raleigh_n knight_n chap._n xxxv_o of_o the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n plato_n the_o philosopher_n perceive_v that_o equality_n will_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v enough_o be_v of_o opinion_n and_o will_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v common_a who_o sir_n thomas_n moor_n in_o his_o utopian_a commonweal_n seem_v to_o imitate_v to_o the_o end_n that_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o law_n already_o make_v and_o the_o make_n of_o so_o many_o new_a law_n as_o daily_o be_v make_v may_v be_v abolish_v whereas_o all_o of_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o every_o man_n to_o enjoy_v defend_v and_o know_v from_o another_o man_n that_o which_o he_o call_v his_o own_o proper_a and_o private_a good_n but_o find_v afterward_o that_o this_o equality_n can_v not_o be_v establish_v and_o that_o many_o other_o inconvenience_n shall_v arise_v thereby_o he_o do_v wise_o revoke_v the_o same_o in_o his_o second_o commonwealth_n common_a renuntiation_n of_o good_n in_o common_a for_o the_o same_o be_v never_o use_v in_o any_o age_n nor_o by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n command_v when_o from_o the_o beginning_n he_o will_v man_n to_o subdue_v the_o earth_n and_o rule_n over_o the_o fish_n 1.28_o gen._n 1.28_o and_o again_o after_o the_o flood_n willing_a man_n to_o replenish_v the_o earth_n and_o for_o the_o better_a performance_n thereof_o scatter_v mankind_n at_o the_o build_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o babel_n over_o all_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o isle_n of_o the_o nation_n into_o their_o several_a land_n god_n be_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o the_o division_n insomuch_o that_o when_o mankind_n be_v propagate_v to_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o creature_n and_o thing_n upon_o the_o earth_n not_o sufficient_a for_o their_o sustenance_n then_o of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o use_n of_o trade_n upon_o the_o sea_n both_o for_o fish_v and_o negotiation_n which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o all_o thing_n have_v be_v common_a neither_o on_o land_n nor_o upon_o the_o sea_n which_o thereupon_o become_v divisible_a in_o place_n of_o fish_v but_o not_o in_o the_o main_a great_a sea_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o nation_n jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la as_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v declare_v not_o that_o the_o word_n intend_v any_o law_n set_v down_o by_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n but_o only_o denote_v unto_o we_o the_o example_n or_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n in_o sail_v and_o traffic_v over_o the_o sea_n with_o commodity_n rear_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o by_o the_o sea_n join_v thereunto_o and_o not_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n sea_n where_o no_o fish_n can_v be_v use_v whereby_o the_o property_n of_o both_o land_n and_o sea_n be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o say_a law_n of_o nation_n agreeable_a in_o this_o particular_a with_o the_o law_n of_o god_n for_o the_o moral_a law_n prohibit_v theft_n and_o the_o covet_v of_o other_o man_n good_n law_n by_o divine_a law_n do_v declare_v the_o say_a property_n and_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n will_v every_o man_n to_o make_v sacrifice_n of_o his_o own_o do_v confirm_v the_o same_o the_o mean_n which_o god_n have_v appoint_v to_o make_v this_o distinction_n of_o the_o dominion_n upon_o the_o sea_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o the_o mensuration_n of_o the_o land_n whereunto_o
thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n whereunto_o be_v add_v the_o ancient_a custom_n heretofore_o pay_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o steele-yard_n or_o haunce-towne_n be_v 14_o penny_n so_o together_o 14_o ss_z 6_o d_o a_o cloth_n beside_o the_o overlength_n of_o 3_o d_o ¼_n the_o yard_n cloth_n the_o pretermitted_a custom_n of_o cloth_n which_o be_v of_o late_o comprise_v in_o the_o new_a imposition_n of_o the_o pretermitted_a custom_n for_o weigh_v of_o clothes_n at_o two_o penny_n the_o pound_n so_o that_o a_o short_a cloth_n pay_v in_o time_n past_o a_o noble_a and_o now_o ten_o shilling_n beside_o the_o overlength_n according_a to_o the_o weight_n after_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o two_o penny_n for_o the_o pound_n all_o which_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n pay_v double_a also_o whereas_o of_o late_a year_n since_o the_o custom_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n all_o commodity_n as_o sugar_n spice_n raisin_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o other_o be_v weigh_v and_o thereupon_o the_o tarra_o for_o the_o cask_n or_o chest_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v cask_n allowance_n for_o tarra_o or_o cask_n and_o so_o the_o custom_n be_v pay_v there_o aught_o good_a allowance_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o say_v tarra_o because_o many_o commodity_n be_v unlade_v and_o have_v take_v the_o moisture_n of_o the_o sea_n increase_v the_o weight_n of_o their_o cask_n so_o that_o merchant_n pay_v many_o time_n custom_n for_o that_o which_o they_o have_v not_o by_o the_o strict_a deal_n of_o officer_n contrary_a to_o equity_n and_o justice_n if_o they_o do_v not_o wary_o look_v to_o their_o affair_n wherein_o the_o officer_n may_v also_o be_v excuse_v now_o to_o conclude_v touch_v custom_n we_o must_v consider_v what_o they_o may_v amount_v unto_o upon_o the_o hundred_o according_a to_o which_o merchant_n be_v to_o cast_v up_o their_o account_n for_o benefit_n and_o loss_n as_o aforesaid_a custom_n custom_n the_o custom_n in_o england_n call_v parva_n custuma_n be_v three_o penny_n upon_o every_o pound_n that_o the_o commodity_n be_v rate_v in_o the_o custom_n book_n which_o be_v pay_v by_o merchant_n stranger_n now_o alter_v pay_v 6_o d._n subsidy_n subsidy_n the_o subsidy_n or_o poundage_n be_v pay_v by_o all_o merchant_n of_o what_o nation_n so_o ever_o which_o be_v 12_o do_v upon_o all_o commodity_n bring_v in_o and_o for_o cloth_n export_v 6_o ss_z 8_o d_o for_o english_a merchant_n and_o merchant_n stranger_n double_a imposition_n imposition_n the_o new_a imposition_n establish_v in_o the_o year_n 1608_o be_v also_o 12_o d_o upon_o all_o commodity_n import_v and_o upon_o some_o commodity_n export_v be_v limit_v so_o that_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n in_o england_n be_v 12_o ½_n upon_o the_o 100_o for_o merchant_n stranger_n beside_o but_o leridge_n or_o scavage_a almost_o one_o pro_fw-la cent_n more_o for_o good_n inward_a and_o for_o english_a merchant_n be_v ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o impost_n impost_n the_o impost_n of_o wine_n be_v limit_v upon_o the_o butt_n pipe_n or_o hogshead_n as_o by_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n with_o the_o composition_n money_n and_o other_o duty_n in_o spain_n and_o portugal_n they_o take_v after_o diverse_a rate_n for_o commodity_n some_o â—_o 10_o or_o â—_o â—â—_o and_o twenty_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o esteem_v to_o be_v one_o with_o another_o un_fw-fr quinto_fw-la or_o â—_o â—_o part_n or_o 20_o pro_fw-la cent_n with_o the_o alcavalla_fw-la take_v for_o brokeridge_n to_o sell_v they_o in_o barbary_n seven_o pro_fw-la cent_n alcavalla_fw-la alcavalla_fw-la aboard_o the_o turk_n take_v â…•_n part_n as_o the_o egyptian_n the_o venetian_n take_v 3_o 5_o 7_o and_z 10_o upon_o the_o hundred_o with_o great_a advisement_n and_o upon_o the_o manufacture_n of_o other_o nation_n 14_o 15_o and_o more_o and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o france_n to_o advance_v the_o handy_a craft_n man_n the_o great_a impost_n demand_v in_o the_o year_n 1604_o by_o philip_n the_o three_o king_n of_o spain_n of_o 30_o upon_o the_o 100_o of_o french_a english_a impost_n great_a impost_n and_o flanders_n commodity_n be_v soon_o abolish_v when_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o 4_o do_v the_o like_a for_o one_o extreme_a enforce_v another_o be_v of_o small_a continuance_n chap._n xxxvii_o of_o merchant_n wager_n stipulation_n or_o convention_n for_o as_o much_o as_o diverse_a civilians_n have_v entreat_v of_o this_o argument_n of_o merchant_n wager_n and_o make_v some_o treatise_n de_fw-fr sponsionibus_fw-la whereunder_o matter_n of_o assurance_n be_v comprise_v it_o may_v not_o be_v think_v impertinent_a to_o handle_v this_o subject_n brief_o and_o divide_o from_o merchant_n assurance_n already_o declare_v in_o his_o proper_a place_n the_o say_a civilians_n do_v distinguish_v these_o wager_n or_o sponsiones_fw-la to_o be_v threefold_a 1_o where_o a_o wager_n be_v lay_v with_o a_o pawn_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o three_o person_n 2_o where_o by_o way_n of_o stipulation_n some_o thing_n be_v give_v upon_o a_o wager_n 3_o where_o a_o thing_n deliver_v or_o by_o a_o covenant_n make_v with_o another_o person_n the_o same_o be_v promise_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o double_a treble_a and_o ten_o time_n the_o value_n thereof_o unto_o the_o party_n with_o who_o the_o wager_n be_v make_v if_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n or_o doubt_n do_v not_o take_v effect_n whereof_o many_o example_n may_v be_v give_v and_o declare_v namely_o the_o great_a wager_n between_o cleopatra_n queen_n of_o egypt_n wager_n example_n of_o wager_n and_o marc_n anthony_n for_o the_o great_a expense_n of_o a_o supper_n by_o dissolve_v the_o paragon_n pearl_n and_o drink_v the_o same_o as_o pliny_n report_v when_o lucius_n plancus_n be_v make_v judge_n of_o that_o wager_n and_o pronounce_v that_o anthony_n have_v lose_v that_o of_o cecinna_n whereof_o cicero_n make_v mention_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o ground_n take_v from_o he_o in_o hostile_a manner_n by_o eubusius_fw-la and_o restore_v again_o that_o such_o a_o cardinal_n shall_v be_v elect_v to_o be_v pope_n that_o such_o a_o king_n be_v dead_a and_o such_o a_o town_n be_v take_v in_o all_o which_o the_o wager_n be_v make_v by_o pawn_n stipulation_n or_o convention_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o hereof_o be_v innumerable_a example_n hereupon_o they_o conclude_v that_o all_o wager_n lay_v must_v be_v for_o honest_a cause_n and_o as_o it_o be_v strive_v for_o virtuous_a action_n and_o that_o these_o by_o the_o law_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o wager_n wherein_o custom_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n law_n custom_n the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o law_n even_o in_o the_o point_n of_o law_n which_o be_v considerable_a in_o all_o case_n by_o the_o long_a observation_n of_o they_o a_o wager_n be_v lay_v that_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n or_o the_o emperor_n or_o any_o other_o great_a personage_n shall_v die_v within_o the_o year_n unlawful_a lawful_a wager_n and_o unlawful_a be_v good_a in_o law_n but_o to_o lay_v wager_n as_o desirous_a or_o wish_v some_o unexpected_a evil_n or_o adverse_a fortune_n unto_o a_o honest_a man_n or_o although_o it_o be_v to_o a_o enemy_n be_v neither_o civil_a nor_o natural_a in_o the_o understanding_n of_o well_o dispose_v man_n a_o wager_n lay_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o a_o private_a person_n be_v disallow_v but_o not_o for_o the_o contract_n of_o any_o suppose_a or_o expect_a marriage_n which_o be_v lawful_a all_o wager_n lay_v in_o lawful_a game_n be_v allowable_a but_o in_o prohibit_v game_n can_v be_v recover_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o wager_n make_v by_o looker_n on_o upon_o other_o man_n game_n be_v disallow_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o stipulation_n be_v make_v put_v the_o pawn_n or_o money_n down_o which_o be_v call_v to_o stake_v down_o and_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o unlawful_a game_n than_o the_o looker_n on_o be_v subject_a to_o punishment_n as_o well_o as_o the_o gamester_n a_o wager_n lay_v who_o shall_v eat_v or_o drink_v most_o be_v unlawful_a if_o a_o gamester_n or_o a_o merchant_n play_v receive_v twenty_o and_o promise_v to_o give_v fifty_o for_o it_o the_o next_o day_n play_v the_o convention_n be_v good_a a_o merchant_n lay_v a_o wager_n to_o give_v ten_o for_o one_o if_o such_o a_o ship_n arrive_v within_o a_o limit_a time_n within_o such_o a_o port_n or_o haven_n be_v good_a in_o law_n a_o wager_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o the_o port_n of_o lixborne_n and_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n promise_v thereupon_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o say_a ship_n be_v a_o galeon_n so_o denial_n be_v make_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n the_o law_n do_v determine_v the_o money_n shall_v be_v pay_v because_o the_o word_n ship_n be_v a_o general_a name_n although_o it_o be_v call_v by_o diverse_a name_n as_o a_o notary_n be_v call_v a_o tabellion_n scrivener_n or_o a_o
for_o merchant_n credit_n and_o reputation_n for_o that_o merchant_n which_o in_o the_o storm_n of_o adversity_n show_v to_o be_v a_o good_a pilot_n deserve_v great_a commendation_n of_o the_o care_n and_o endeavour_n which_o he_o use_v to_o prevent_v the_o shipwreck_n of_o his_o reputation_n and_o credit_n especial_o with_o a_o good_a conscience_n which_o will_v be_v unto_o he_o a_o continual_a feast_n although_o the_o sea_n be_v turbulent_a for_o he_o be_v arm_v with_o patience_n and_o not_o destitute_a of_o comfort_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o that_o like_a coward_n become_v careless_a of_o their_o credit_n or_o be_v of_o a_o evil_a disposition_n seek_v to_o defraud_v their_o creditor_n and_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o their_o break_n pay_v little_a or_o nothing_o they_o do_v not_o only_o deserve_v a_o name_n of_o defamation_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o by_o some_o severe_a punishment_n by_o the_o law_n bankrupt_n severepunishment_n of_o bankrupt_n it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o namely_o in_o the_o year_n 1602_o that_o there_o be_v a_o merchant_n at_o rouen_n in_o france_n who_o together_o with_o his_o son_n and_o a_o broker_n have_v confederated_a to_o buy_v great_a store_n of_o merchandise_n upon_o their_o credit_n of_o purpose_n to_o break_v and_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o which_o be_v know_v make_v they_o to_o be_v apprehend_v and_o the_o court_n of_o edict_n do_v proceed_v criminal_o against_o they_o as_o thief_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n whereof_o they_o be_v also_o convict_v and_o all_o three_o of_o they_o hang_v in_o the_o market_n place_n observe_v that_o the_o reprehensive_a proverb_n that_o veniam_fw-la coruos_fw-la vexat_fw-la censura_fw-la columbas_fw-la be_v to_o be_v remember_v to_o punish_v the_o small_a theft_n or_o little_a thief_n and_o to_o suffer_v the_o great_a thief_n to_o escape_v which_o be_v unreasonable_a bankrupt_n the_o statute_n against_o bankrupt_n the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n make_v and_o provide_v by_o our_o law_n against_o merchant_n and_o citizen_n only_o be_v do_v to_o a_o very_a good_a intent_n if_o it_o be_v execute_v according_o with_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n and_o their_o behaviour_n but_o some_o can_v prevent_v the_o mean_n of_o sue_v forth_o the_o same_o and_o so_o break_v the_o strength_n of_o it_o as_o easy_o as_o a_o spider_n web_n while_o plain_o deal_v man_n be_v lay_v hold_v of_o that_o have_v a_o honest_a intention_n to_o pay_v every_o man_n according_a to_o their_o ability_n present_a or_o future_a as_o god_n shall_v enable_v they_o for_o ultra_fw-la posse_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la esse_fw-la but_o these_o well_o mean_v man_n be_v oftentimes_o hinder_v to_o perform_v their_o honest_a intention_n by_o the_o hard_a and_o obstinate_a deal_n of_o some_o of_o their_o creditor_n to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o they_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o the_o general_a loss_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o creditor_n these_o man_n therefore_o be_v to_o be_v overrule_v by_o the_o lord_n chaunceller_n who_o may_v compel_v they_o to_o be_v conformable_a with_o the_o other_o creditor_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n in_o other_o country_n and_o there_o have_v be_v in_o time_n past_a during_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n prisoner_n commission_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o prisoner_n a_o commission_n grant_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o distress_a prisoner_n in_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o the_o king_n bench_n which_o commission_n if_o it_o be_v renew_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o one_o and_o find_v out_o of_o the_o other_o will_v work_v much_o charity_n and_o contentment_n to_o the_o subject_n howbeit_o to_o prevent_v these_o extreme_n be_v more_o commendable_a for_o many_o merchant_n and_o shopkeeper_n do_v flourish_v and_o become_v rich_a again_o if_o their_o creditor_n be_v favourable_a unto_o they_o and_o do_v pay_v every_o man_n to_o the_o full_a therefore_o be_v the_o letter_n of_o licenses_n devise_v among_o merchant_n debtor_n letter_n of_o licence_n give_v to_o debtor_n which_o be_v as_o a_o passport_n for_o the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o the_o debtor_n give_v by_o the_o creditor_n by_o way_n of_o covenant_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o for_o and_o during_o such_o a_o time_n or_o term_n of_o year_n trouble_v or_o molest_v the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o the_o say_a debtor_n nor_o cause_n to_o be_v molest_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v upon_o pain_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o say_a debt_n to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n against_o they_o for_o ever_o as_o a_o full_a payment_n of_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n and_o to_o retain_v man_n in_o their_o duty_n the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n concur_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n herein_o credit_n restauration_n of_o credit_n do_v make_v a_o restauration_n of_o credit_n to_o those_o that_o pay_v their_o debt_n to_o the_o full_a notwithstanding_o their_o loss_n which_o they_o have_v sustain_v and_o they_o may_v have_v a_o publication_n make_v of_o it_o by_o way_n of_o intimation_n to_o all_o man_n upon_o the_o exchange_n or_o other_o public_a place_n for_o a_o perpetual_a remembrance_n to_o posterity_n of_o their_o honest_a religious_a and_o commendable_a endeavour_n and_o behaviour_n to_o the_o honour_n and_o credit_n of_o their_o house_n kindred_n or_o good_a descent_n which_o be_v more_o especial_o regard_v in_o spain_n spain_n a_o gentleman_n privilege_n in_o spain_n where_o a_o merchant_n or_o citizen_n be_v decay_v in_o his_o estate_n and_o have_v pay_v according_a to_o his_o ability_n yea_o although_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v at_o all_o shall_v be_v free_v from_o all_o arrest_n and_o trouble_v touch_v his_o person_n if_o he_o make_v proof_n that_o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n by_o birth_n which_o extend_v so_o far_o that_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n may_v have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o like_a privilege_n upon_o certificate_n make_v by_o any_o that_o be_v ambassador_n and_o agent_n for_o their_o country_n who_o common_o will_v do_v it_o upon_o the_o verification_n of_o it_o by_o the_o herald_n or_o otherwise_o which_o cause_v man_n not_o to_o degenerate_v in_o virtuous_a action_n although_o adverse_a fortune_n play_v her_o tragedy_n which_o they_o overcome_v with_o constancy_n and_o magnanimity_n the_o say_a statute_n against_o bankerupt_v be_v make_v upon_o very_o great_a consideration_n which_o lie_v not_o against_o a_o gentleman_n so_o that_o to_o call_v a_o decay_a gentleman_n a_o bankrupt_a although_o he_o have_v have_v deal_v in_o the_o world_n bear_v no_o action_n at_o the_o common_a law_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n or_o shopkeeper_n etc._n etc._n bankerupt_v commissioner_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o bankerupt_v the_o commissioner_n appoint_v by_o the_o lord_n chanceller_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o execute_v this_o commission_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_a must_v be_v councillor_n at_o the_o law_n join_v with_o some_o citizen_n or_o merchant_n which_o be_v to_o seize_v of_o the_o party_n which_o by_o the_o say_a commission_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o bankrupt_a all_o good_n debt_n chattel_n and_o moveable_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o to_o appoint_v one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o creditor_n to_o be_v treasurer_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v afterward_o to_o be_v distribute_v by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n unto_o all_o such_o as_o they_o shall_v find_v and_o admit_v to_o be_v right_a creditor_n to_o the_o party_n and_o with_o his_o privity_n and_o consent_n upon_o such_o specialty_n book_n or_o account_n as_o they_o shall_v produce_v and_o be_v make_v apparent_a unto_o they_o which_o must_v be_v do_v within_o four_o month_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n statute_n the_o content_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n for_o if_o it_o be_v after_o the_o four_o month_n expire_v they_o may_v exclude_v any_o creditor_n if_o they_o see_v cause_n so_o that_o the_o say_a distribution_n shall_v be_v do_v to_o those_o only_o which_o have_v be_v admit_v within_o the_o say_a time_n according_a to_o their_o several_a principal_a sum_n due_a unto_o they_o without_o any_o interest_n for_o the_o forbearance_n since_o the_o speciality_n be_v due_a or_o any_o forfeiture_n howbeit_o charge_n in_o law_n expend_v for_o the_o debt_n shall_v be_v by_o they_o allow_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o admit_v any_o creditor_n to_o come_v in_o where_o the_o party_n be_v surety_n for_o another_o if_o that_o party_n be_v likewise_o decay_v for_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o interest_n money_n that_o two_o or_o three_o be_v bind_v together_o and_o the_o collateral_a bond_n which_o they_o give_v each_o to_o other_o to_o save_v harmless_a be_v to_o be_v consider_v both_o by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o the_o creditor_n it_o be_v
be_v condemn_v and_o forbid_v by_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o imperial_a law_n civil_a and_o canon_n law_n ancient_a father_n decretal_n learned_a philosopher_n eloquent_a orator_n historiographer_n and_o lawgivers_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o cause_v i_o some_o year_n since_o to_o write_v a_o small_a england_n small_a saint_n george_n for_o england_n treatise_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o usury_n in_o kingdom_n state_n and_o commonweal_n show_v although_o allegorical_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o with_o the_o six_o member_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v clergyman_n magistrate_n nobleman_n merchant_n artificer_n and_o husbandman_n by_o overthrow_v the_o harmonical_a government_n of_o they_o by_o too_o much_o enrich_v some_o and_o by_o oppress_v and_o impoverish_v some_o other_o bring_v the_o instrument_n out_o of_o tune_n when_o as_o every_o member_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v live_v content_v in_o his_o vocation_n and_o execute_v his_o charge_n according_a to_o his_o profession_n whereby_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v govern_v in_o the_o best_a and_o most_o assure_a manner_n that_o can_v be_v devise_v and_o as_o it_o be_v seek_v a_o kind_n of_o certainty_n in_o uncertainty_n which_o be_v term_v policy_n for_o all_o worldly_a and_o transitory_a thing_n be_v mutable_a make_v the_o world_n proper_o to_o consist_v of_o discord_n and_o dissension_n a_o very_a uncertain_a ground_n to_o build_v upon_o and_o yet_o a_o certain_a equality_n and_o concord_n be_v require_v in_o every_o well_o govern_v commonwealth_n the_o prince_n and_o governor_n have_v the_o dispose_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o equality_n concern_v traffic_n and_o commerce_n betwixt_o his_o dominion_n and_o other_o country_n and_o concord_n among_o the_o member_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n when_o every_o member_n thereof_o do_v live_v content_o and_o proportionable_o in_o his_o vocation_n both_o these_o be_v confound_v by_o intolerable_a usury_n which_o be_v describe_v under_o the_o invent_a history_n of_o saint_n george_n george_n the_o history_n of_o s._n george_n whereby_o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v prefigure_v deliver_v the_o virgin_n which_o do_v signify_v the_o sinful_a soul_n of_o christian_n from_o the_o dragon_n or_o devil_n power_n so_o by_o the_o person_n of_o saint_n george_n be_v understand_v the_o king_n authority_n arm_v with_o the_o right_a armour_n of_o christian_n who_o with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n most_o holy_a word_n explain_v and_o corroborate_v with_o several_a other_o law_n signify_v by_o the_o pybald_n horse_n whereon_o he_o be_v mount_v do_v destroy_v the_o dragon_n usury_n have_v two_o wing_n to_o advance_v himself_o be_v vsura_fw-la palliata_fw-la and_o vsura_fw-la explicata_fw-la and_o his_o inconstant_a tail_n cambium_n the_o virgin_n or_o king_n daughter_n be_v treasure_n and_o money_n to_o be_v devour_v by_o his_o mean_n and_o foreign_a nation_n the_o allegory_n whereof_o require_v a_o due_a consideration_n and_o will_v in_o plain_a term_n be_v distasteful_a to_o diverse_a this_o dragon_n bring_v inequality_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o tail_n wherein_o lie_v his_o great_a strength_n make_v the_o expense_n thereof_o to_o surmount_v the_o revenue_n in_o the_o cure_n of_o which_o disease_n those_o will_v be_v think_v to_o be_v very_o foolish_a physician_n that_o by_o their_o medicine_n shall_v cast_v the_o body_n politic_a of_o a_o commonwealth_n into_o a_o more_o dangerous_a sickness_n wherefore_o as_o the_o wound_n of_o this_o dragon_n usury_n be_v inveterate_v so_o must_v he_o be_v deal_v withal_o by_o degree_n and_o lenity_n admit_v he_o for_o the_o time_n as_o most_o state_n and_o goverment_n do_v as_o a_o necessary_a evil_n in_o regard_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n evil_n a_o necessary_a evil_n albeit_o that_o many_o usurer_n be_v like_a unto_o jew_n who_o think_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o take_v any_o forfeiture_n be_v it_o never_o so_o unequal_a and_o unjust_a any_o mortgage_n any_o pawn_n nothing_o be_v amiss_o for_o they_o they_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o that_o win_v which_o we_o call_v anatokismos_n that_o be_v usury_n upon_o usury_n no_o they_o dread_v not_o to_o take_v ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o be_v for_o a_o week_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o jew_n be_v because_o we_o be_v stranger_n as_o if_o we_o be_v all_o canaanite_n or_o some_o of_o the_o seven_o nation_n which_o be_v as_o well_o to_o be_v oppress_v by_o usury_n as_o to_o be_v root_v out_o by_o josuah_n but_o these_o man_n can_v allege_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o defence_n but_o greedy_a lucre_n *_o dtridot_n chap._n xi_o of_o usury_n politic_a and_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n you_o may_v perceive_v what_o law_n and_o prohibition_n be_v make_v against_o usury_n and_o nevertheless_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o be_v most_o usual_a in_o many_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o the_o law_n be_v also_o make_v according_o for_o this_o sin_n be_v rather_o in_o the_o conscience_n than_o in_o the_o act_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o penalty_n impose_v upon_o it_o by_o god_n law_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v tolerate_v ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o so_o do_v some_o other_o law_n twelve_o and_o more_o but_o the_o intent_n and_o not_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v weigh_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n law_n in_o the_o narrative_a part_n say_v that_o whereas_o usury_n be_v against_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n yet_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o be_v tolerate_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o year_n which_o by_o way_n of_o forfeiture_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n may_v be_v sue_v for_o by_o the_o law_n but_o if_o there_o be_v never_o so_o little_o take_v above_o the_o say_a rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n the_o principle_n be_v lose_v and_o treble_a damage_n the_o word_n usury_n be_v not_o so_o odious_a in_o time_n past_a as_o it_o be_v now_o take_v by_o the_o abuse_n of_o usury_n politic_a usury_n threefold_a usury_n no_o more_o than_o it_o be_v in_o usury_n natural_a and_o usury_n spiritual_a and_o my_o meaning_n be_v not_o to_o maintain_v usury_n politic_a in_o all_o respect_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o divine_n that_o have_v the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o their_o warrant_n but_o the_o over-precisenes_n therein_o may_v breed_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v theft_n by_o death_n but_o only_o by_o restitution_n and_o as_o cato_n say_v rustica_fw-la cato_n de_fw-fr rustica_fw-la when_o a_o thief_n be_v punish_v to_o pay_v the_o double_a of_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o usurer_n be_v always_o condemn_v to_o pay_v four_o time_n the_o value_n the_o law_n therefore_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n nature_n condition_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o simple_o to_o say_v that_o any_o thing_n take_v above_o the_o principal_n be_v usury_n be_v wonderful_a strict_a unless_o you_o take_v the_o word_n usury_n to_o be_v bite_a because_o the_o same_o be_v never_o hurtful_a but_o where_o it_o bit_v and_o the_o matter_n of_o conscience_n consist_v in_o the_o not_o get_v of_o your_o debtor_n and_o not_o in_o the_o take_n of_o much_o or_o little_a interest_n the_o usury_n be_v great_a therefore_o to_o take_v but_o two_o or_o three_o upon_o the_o hundred_o of_o one_o that_o make_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o money_n than_o to_o take_v ten_o or_o twelve_o upon_o the_o hundred_o of_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v a_o great_a gain_n thereby_o according_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n pecunia_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la parere_fw-la alienas_fw-la negociari_fw-la miserias_fw-la fratrem_fw-la non_fw-la mor_fw-fr debis_fw-la non_fw-la munera_fw-la super_fw-la innocentem_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o take_v nay_o than_o he_o that_o do_v steal_v from_o the_o rich_a for_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o law_n or_o otherwise_o admonish_v to_o lend_v money_n unto_o those_o that_o have_v no_o need_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o conscience_n to_o be_v use_v if_o a_o man_n have_v get_v well_o by_o another_o man_n money_n and_o do_v pay_v the_o same_o again_o without_o any_o interest_n or_o profit_n also_o in_o case_n of_o interest_n take_v it_o be_v considerable_a that_o if_o i_o do_v lend_v money_n to_o he_o that_o have_v need_n and_o can_v afterward_o prove_v that_o for_o want_n of_o that_o money_n i_o have_v sustain_v great_a loss_n or_o if_o my_o debtor_n do_v break_v day_n with_o i_o when_o i_o look_v to_o have_v it_o at_o the_o time_n appoint_v and_o
have_v spend_v time_n labour_n and_o no_o small_a charge_n in_o hope_n that_o hereafter_o it_o may_v do_v good_a to_o the_o public_a house_n pawn_v house_n if_o some_o divine_a be_v move_v to_o further_a it_o the_o first_o be_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o amsterdam_n to_o which_o end_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o petition_n of_o honest_a and_o religious_a man_n his_o majesty_n subject_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o a._n b._n to_o erect_v pawne-house_n in_o all_o convenient_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n for_o and_o during_o the_o term_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o all_o person_n and_o person_n shall_v and_o may_v have_v at_o all_o convenient_a time_n money_n upon_o pawn_n of_o or_o upon_o all_o movable_a good_n chattel_n and_o lease_n or_o any_o thing_n which_o shall_v be_v agree_v upon_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o year_n that_o the_o undertaker_n may_v be_v authorise_v or_o licence_v to_o take_v for_o the_o attendance_n labour_n and_o pain_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o servant_n wage_n house-rent_n and_o all_o other_o charge_v incident_a thereunto_o as_o follow_v for_o register_n and_o keep_n of_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o fifty_o pound_n or_o more_o one_o farthing_n for_o every_o pound_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n or_o more_o until_o fifty_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o half_a penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o all_o pawn_n that_o do_v not_o amount_v to_o ten_o pound_n for_o every_o pound_n one_o penny_n by_o the_o month_n for_o every_o bill_n give_v for_o pawn_n under_o ten_o pound_n one_o penny_n and_o be_v of_o ten_o pound_n or_o above_o whatsoever_o it_o come_v unto_o but_o two_o penny_n with_o such_o clause_n condition_n and_o caution_n as_o shall_v be_v requisite_a for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o say_a undertaker_n and_o agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n pay_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n yearly_a etc._n etc._n the_o say_v allowance_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n his_o law_n and_o will_v be_v find_v very_o reasonable_a consider_v that_o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o usury_n politic_a man_n can_v deliver_v their_o money_n in_o very_a great_a sum_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o free_o and_o without_o such_o trouble_n chap._n xiii_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n the_o second_o mean_a to_o suppress_v the_o bite_a usury_n of_o extortion_n upon_o the_o common_a people_n be_v by_o provide_v a_o course_n that_o they_o may_v have_v money_n upon_o pawn_n without_o pay_v any_o interest_n or_o usury_n for_o the_o loan_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n which_o be_v more_o please_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o universal_a as_o the_o pawn_n house_n be_v where_o great_a sum_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o accommodate_v merchant_n and_o all_o man_n to_o prevent_v the_o general_a abuse_n albeit_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o extortion_n upon_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v more_o heinous_a and_o detestable_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o do_v steal_v from_o the_o rich_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v in_o italy_n there_o be_v montes_n pietatis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v mount_n or_o bank_n of_o charity_n place_n where_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v by_o legacy_n give_v for_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a to_o borrow_v upon_o pawn_n and_o to_o pay_v only_o after_o three_o or_o four_o in_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o to_o maintain_v the_o officer_n and_o to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o such_o a_o erect_a mount_n for_o ever_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n as_o aforesaid_a may_v be_v think_v more_o reasonable_a pay_v the_o officer_n out_o of_o the_o contribution_n which_o by_o their_o mean_n may_v be_v much_o increase_v according_a to_o the_o order_n which_o be_v hereafter_o declare_v usury_n money_n to_o be_v give_v to_o suppress_v usury_n for_o every_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o give_v for_o the_o suppression_n of_o intolerable_a and_o abominable_a usury_n the_o rich_a that_o be_v charitable_o dispose_v will_v give_v because_o usury_n politic_a shall_v not_o be_v bite_v the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n will_v be_v contributory_a because_o of_o the_o commodiousnes_n of_o it_o for_o who_o will_v not_o give_v six_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n every_o quarter_n of_o the_o year_n when_o he_o may_v borrow_v a_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n for_o it_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o long_a time_n according_a to_o occasion_n i_o be_o sure_a of_o most_o man_n inclination_n by_o a_o attempt_n make_v of_o the_o practice_n hereof_o some_o year_n since_o for_o after_o the_o name_n take_v of_o above_o 1500_o person_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o contribute_v yearly_a and_o some_o divine_n and_o other_o that_o will_v lend_v free_o 50_o will_v 100_o will_v or_o more_o for_o some_o year_n and_o some_o 500_o will_v i_o make_v a_o alphabetical_a register_n of_o they_o which_o be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o great_a personage_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o worthy_a of_o the_o honour_n thereof_o but_o to_o my_o remembrance_n it_o amount_v to_o some_o 2000_o will_v for_o money_n give_v and_o to_o be_v lend_v and_o above_o six_o hundred_o pound_n yearly_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o benefactor_n so_o that_o no_o man_n have_v cause_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o collection_n of_o a_o great_a stock_n for_o so_o godly_a a_o work_n if_o authority_n be_v have_v when_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o only_a hope_n and_o surmise_v thereof_o to_o the_o effect_v whereof_o i_o will_v be_v willing_a still_o to_o do_v my_o best_a endeavour_n now_o the_o order_n be_v as_o follow_v order_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o mount_n of_o charity_n consist_v of_o two_o house_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o the_o suburb_n thereof_o and_o one_o house_n at_o westminster_n where_o all_o man_n may_v borrow_v money_n in_o small_a sum_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o pawn_n to_o be_v deliver_v for_o caution_n or_o security_n of_o the_o say_a money_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n and_o other_o country_n 1_o imprimis_fw-la that_o all_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v be_v destitute_a of_o money_n shall_v have_v money_n at_o all_o convenient_a time_n without_o pay_v any_o use_n or_o loan_n for_o the_o same_o but_o deliver_v only_o a_o pawn_n of_o any_o movable_a thing_n so_o it_o be_v not_o above_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o one_o time_n until_o a_o competent_a stock_n be_v raise_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n for_o ever_o 2_o item_n whereas_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v raise_v and_o to_o be_v increase_v by_o mean_n of_o charitable_a and_o conscionable_a person_n which_o either_o do_v free_o lend_v money_n without_o take_v interest_n for_o the_o same_o or_o do_v free_o give_v in_o money_n and_o yearly_a contribution_n according_a to_o their_o virtuous_a disposition_n which_o money_n may_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n amount_v to_o a_o notable_a sum_n the_o treasurer_n general_a therefore_o shall_v be_v a_o man_n sufficient_a and_o of_o honest_a behaviour_n careful_a to_o appoint_v swear_v honest_a man_n upon_o surety_n to_o collect_v the_o say_v money_n and_o for_o keep_v of_o the_o pawn_n with_o their_o clerk_n and_o other_o attendant_n and_o the_o surueior_fw-fr of_o account_n shall_v be_v a_o man_n diligent_a and_o skilful_a in_o account_n all_o for_o the_o better_a encouragement_n of_o the_o say_v charitable_a giver_n and_o free_a lender_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o this_o charitable_a work_n 3_o item_n whereas_o the_o like_a house_n call_v saint_n george_n be_v heretofore_o erect_v at_o genova_n in_o italy_n by_o noble_a knight_n bind_v in_o honour_n to_o see_v the_o people_n relieve_v from_o oppression_n bite_v usury_n and_o extortion_n which_o by_o all_o virtuous_a knight_n be_v at_o all_o time_n approve_v and_o commend_v there_o shall_v be_v keep_v one_o pair_n of_o table_n in_o every_o house_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o such_o honourable_a person_n and_o virtuous_a knight_n '_o as_o shall_v be_v yearly_a contributaries_n by_o quarterly_a payment_n during_o their_o natural_a life_n or_o lend_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n gratis_o for_o a_o time_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o such_o well_o dispose_v person_n as_o by_o
a_o occasion_n to_o gather_v in_o his_o own_o debt_n soon_o in_o some_o place_n also_o they_o may_v not_o arrest_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n and_o holiday_n to_o the_o end_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v deprive_v of_o divine_a service_n towards_o god_n and_o comfort_n of_o their_o soul_n the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n may_v not_o arrest_v any_o man_n upon_o the_o burse_n or_o royal_a exchange_n although_o the_o party_n to_o be_v arrest_v shall_v yield_v thereunto_o and_o renounce_v the_o say_a privilege_n it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n since_o that_o a_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v upon_o the_o exchange_n at_o antuerp_n have_v notice_n give_v he_o that_o another_o merchant_n have_v give_v order_n that_o upon_o his_o go_v from_o the_o exchange_n he_o shall_v be_v arrest_v and_o that_o the_o officer_n do_v attend_v he_o be_v near_o at_o hand_n whereupon_o he_o perceive_v the_o say_a officer_n call_v he_o unto_o he_o and_o say_v he_o will_v obey_v the_o arrest_n which_o for_o the_o first_o time_n be_v but_o a_o adiourn_v or_o citation_n the_o officer_n do_v require_v a_o pledge_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o coin_n in_o token_n thereof_o as_o the_o manner_n be_v which_o he_o give_v he_o afterward_o this_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n be_v otherwise_o advise_v by_o his_o friend_n do_v disclaim_v from_o that_o arrest_n because_o it_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o exchange_n and_o claim_v the_o say_a privilege_n insomuch_o that_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o learned_a advocate_n on_o both_o side_n do_v thereupon_o assemble_v in_o the_o town-house_n as_o it_o be_v the_o guild-hall_n and_o there_o the_o matter_n be_v debate_v and_o discuss_v at_o large_a according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v at_o last_o conclude_v and_o determine_v that_o the_o say_a arrest_n be_v void_a in_o law_n for_o the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n by_o any_o particular_a privilege_n the_o renunciation_n of_o a_o privilege_n can_v abolish_v the_o privilege_n or_o many_o person_n can_v derogate_v or_o abrogate_v any_o custom_n or_o privilege_n not_o only_o in_o the_o general_a but_o also_o in_o the_o particular_a so_o that_o within_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n after_o he_o may_v have_v be_v arrest_v again_o but_o he_o be_v non_fw-la inventus_fw-la and_o upon_o this_o arrest_n he_o be_v to_o find_v caution_n to_o answer_v the_o law_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o all_o privilege_a place_n as_o church_n chapel_n churchyard_n and_o other_o place_n of_o jurisdiction_n and_o diverse_a city_n and_o town_n do_v not_o permit_v any_o man_n to_o be_v arrest_v upon_o foreign_a plea_n for_o debt_n or_o contract_n make_v in_o other_o town_n place_n or_o country_n which_o be_v as_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o some_o merchant_n as_o the_o town_n of_o middleborough_n in_o zealand_n refuge_n town_n of_o refuge_n and_o the_o town_n of_o dort_n in_o holland_n and_o other_o city_n and_o town_n in_o other_o country_n and_o most_o city_n and_o town_n where_o a_o nation_n or_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n do_v agree_v to_o make_v their_o residence_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n and_o other_o common_o the_o say_a city_n and_o town_n do_v exempt_v they_o from_o all_o litigious_a suit_n which_o happen_v between_o themselves_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o their_o governor_n or_o court_n master_n so_o as_o only_a controversy_n happen_v between_o they_o and_o stranger_n or_o inhabitant_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o merchant_n difference_n they_o will_v also_o free_v they_o from_o all_o debt_n owe_v by_o king_n prince_n and_o state_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n good_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o to_o the_o end_n that_o traffic_n be_v not_o interrupt_v the_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n which_o make_v these_o arrest_n be_v know_v by_o their_o habit_n habit_n officer_n know_v by_o their_o habit_n or_o by_o a_o rod_n to_o be_v see_v in_o their_o hand_n and_o may_v not_o by_o stealth_n come_v upon_o a_o man_n whereby_o many_o insolence_n be_v prevent_v and_o sergeant_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o be_v kill_v as_o many_o time_n they_o be_v with_o us._n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o their_o habit_n or_o colour_n no_o man_n be_v to_o assist_v they_o if_o they_o be_v abuse_v and_o the_o rescue_v of_o a_o man_n then_o be_v no_o offence_n and_o howsoever_o if_o a_o man_n arrest_v or_o to_o be_v arrest_v do_v run_v away_o every_o man_n give_v he_o way_n as_o desirous_a to_o help_v he_o to_o keep_v he_o out_o of_o trouble_n account_v the_o arrest_v of_o a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o hangman_n office_n and_o nevertheless_o their_o hangman_n be_v see_v to_o be_v always_o in_o rich_a apparel_n and_o be_v repute_v as_o necessary_a member_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o in_o england_n it_o be_v very_o contemptible_a and_o base_a return_v to_o speak_v again_o of_o attachment_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consideration_n with_o we_o not_o to_o admit_v any_o to_o be_v do_v either_o in_o london_n or_o any_o other_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a specialty_n attachment_n to_o be_v grant_v upon_o specialty_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o london_n unless_o it_o be_v upon_o plain_a specialty_n and_o also_o with_o put_v in_o good_a surety_n for_o the_o cost_n for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a thing_n for_o merchant_n dwell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o merchant_n which_o dwell_v in_o remote_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v their_o factor_n at_o london_n if_o they_o upon_o any_o surmise_n or_o pretence_n of_o debt_n shall_v make_v secret_o any_o attachment_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n of_o their_o master_n good_n either_o when_o they_o know_v their_o master_n to_o be_v dead_a or_o travel_v in_o some_o foreign_a country_n upon_o a_o long_a voyage_n as_o occasion_n may_v fall_v out_o and_o so_o by_o practice_n deceive_v they_o of_o their_o estate_n by_o plead_v afterward_o the_o say_a attachment_n or_o judgement_n have_v thereupon_o in_o bar_n as_o aforesaid_a chap._n xii_o of_o sequestration_n and_o execution_n the_o magistrate_n consider_v that_o abuse_n may_v be_v commit_v many_o way_n by_o attachment_n do_v common_o use_v sequestration_n of_o good_n by_o deliver_v they_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o three_o person_n or_o take_v of_o they_o into_o their_o own_o custody_n or_o power_n for_o by_o these_o mean_n also_o be_v many_o attachment_n prevent_v which_o man_n will_v do_v if_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o good_n or_o debt_n do_v come_v into_o their_o own_o power_n wherein_o they_o have_v a_o care_n not_o to_o feed_v the_o humour_n of_o contentious_a person_n which_o be_v mere_o contrary_a to_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n do_v consist_v they_o do_v proceed_v gradatim_fw-la law_n execution_n be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o law_n and_o if_o any_o such_o sequestration_n be_v make_v unjust_o or_o without_o cause_n the_o civil_a law_n as_o also_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n hereafter_o declare_v will_v give_v good_a cost_n and_o damage_n execution_n considerable_a execution_n in_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o say_a magistrate_n there_o be_v many_o persuasive_a mean_n use_v by_o they_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o debtor_n with_o the_o creditor_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o composition_n if_o not_o than_o some_o officer_n be_v send_v to_o the_o party_n house_n to_o keep_v he_o as_o it_o be_v a_o prisoner_n to_o who_o he_o must_v give_v meat_n drink_n lodging_n and_o a_o daily_a fee_n according_a to_o the_o judge_n appointment_n and_o as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v of_o moment_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o pecuniary_a punishment_n he_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o creditor_n which_o be_v aggravate_v by_o send_v two_o officer_n at_o the_o first_o than_o two_o more_o and_o so_o six_o or_o eight_o of_o they_o to_o eat_v he_o out_o of_o house_n and_o home_n for_o these_o man_n will_v gnaw_v he_o to_o the_o very_a bone_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v clyvers_a or_o devourer_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n will_v not_o endure_v this_o and_o do_v go_v wilful_o to_o prison_n than_o the_o creditor_n must_v find_v the_o debtor_n maintenance_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o may_v if_o he_o will_v present_o put_v he_o to_o bread_n and_o water_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o do_v but_o when_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o party_n have_v mean_n and_o will_v not_o satisfy_v his_o creditor_n who_o after_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o person_n can_v come_v upon_o the_o good_n again_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o arcta_fw-la custodia_fw-la with_o
bread_n and_o water_n for_o a_o time_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v so_o poor_a and_o notwithstanding_o have_v such_o a_o cruel_a adversary_n that_o will_v make_v die_n of_o his_o bone_n that_o be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o debtor_n die_v in_o prison_n and_o to_o hang_v up_o a_o bale_n of_o dice_n for_o he_o in_o the_o crown_n office_n as_o be_v do_v by_o the_o officer_n in_o place_n or_o the_o gaoler_n then_o have_v the_o law_n beyond_o the_o sea_n provide_v some_o relief_n for_o this_o poor_a man_n for_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o germany_n france_n italy_n spain_n and_o the_o low_a country_n that_o no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o debt_n above_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o which_o time_n the_o creditor_n have_v power_n to_o take_v seize_v and_o sell_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o debtor_n which_o be_v do_v or_o before_o the_o woman_n in_o most_o place_n may_v claim_v her_o dower_n for_o her_o relief_n &_o child_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o creditor_n as_o far_o as_o it_o will_v go_v and_o so_o the_o debtor_n be_v free_v from_o those_o debt_n for_o ever_o for_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la vult_fw-la cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la liberatus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o debito_fw-la if_o the_o debtor_n do_v relinquish_v his_o estate_n to_o the_o creditor_n he_o be_v free_a from_o the_o debt_n and_o all_o good_n fall_v to_o he_o afterward_o be_v his_o own_o but_o this_o man_n be_v ever_o after_o disable_v to_o come_v to_o any_o preferment_n and_o such_o a_o creditor_n as_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o will_v be_v hate_v and_o account_v worse_a than_o a_o jew_n or_o pagan_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la or_o to_o make_v session_n of_o good_n be_v very_o heinous_a bonis_fw-la the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la and_o of_o wonderful_a disgrace_n so_o that_o most_o man_n will_v rather_o die_v in_o misery_n than_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o because_o it_o happen_v not_o once_o in_o twenty_o year_n yet_o be_v it_o far_o inferior_a to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o pillory_n or_o the_o strike_n over_o the_o leg_n use_v in_o russia_n at_o the_o creditor_n instance_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o debt_n pay_v the_o party_n come_v before_o the_o town-house_n and_o stand_v upon_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o unloose_v his_o girdle_n he_o desire_v they_o and_o all_o the_o world_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o he_o have_v nothing_o leave_v he_o to_o pay_v his_o creditor_n and_o so_o renounce_v all_o what_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v his_o or_o what_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n he_o may_v pretend_v and_o in_o token_n thereof_o he_o may_v not_o wear_v his_o girdle_n any_o more_o nor_o be_v employ_v in_o any_o business_n as_o a_o live_a man_n yet_o afterward_o by_o some_o composition_n to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o creditor_n he_o may_v be_v restore_v by_o a_o declaration_n to_o be_v make_v by_o some_o officer_n upon_o the_o say_a stone_n and_o then_o he_o be_v permit_v to_o wear_v his_o girdle_n again_o in_o the_o say_a country_n no_o gentleman_n or_o man_n of_o quality_n may_v be_v imprison_v at_o all_o for_o debt_n his_o estate_n only_o be_v liable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o with_o reservation_n of_o such_o necessary_a thing_n as_o honesty_n honour_n humanity_n and_o christianity_n do_v challenge_v namely_o the_o soldier_n person_n his_o arm_n his_o apparel_n bed_n and_o chamber_n convenient_o and_o necessary_o furnish_v which_o may_v not_o be_v take_v for_o debt_n and_o the_o like_a reservation_n be_v make_v to_o every_o other_o man_n of_o quality_n so_o that_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n according_a to_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o england_n be_v a_o great_a burden_n and_o bondage_n than_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o christian_n or_o heathen_a country_n and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o mischief_n and_o incovenience_n arise_v to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o imprison_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n have_v be_v propound_v heretofore_o in_o parliament_n by_o a_o print_a remonstrance_n which_o like_o unto_o a_o pamphlet_n may_v be_v lose_v whereby_o good_a matter_n be_v many_o time_n put_v in_o oblivion_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o make_v a_o abstract_n thereof_o in_o the_o manner_n as_o the_o say_a reason_n be_v lay_v down_o to_o be_v insert_v in_o this_o book_n in_o hope_n of_o some_o relief_n unto_o decay_a merchant_n who_o estate_n may_v remain_v liable_a to_o answer_v their_o creditor_n without_o imprison_v of_o their_o body_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o law_n of_o man_n the_o rule_n of_o justice_n the_o law_n of_o conscience_n and_o christian_n charity_n and_o against_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o country_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o final_o against_o the_o creditor_n own_o profit_n the_o law_n of_o god_n will_v and_o command_v every_o man_n to_o follow_v a_o vocation_n to_o do_v the_o honour_n god_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n duty_n and_o service_n owe_v to_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n and_o parent_n and_o to_o maintain_v his_o wife_n child_n and_o family_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o in_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o direct_o or_o indirect_o forbid_v the_o say_a christian_n duty_n in_o the_o perform_n thereof_o by_o a_o imprisonment_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n whereupon_o all_o humane_a law_n ought_v to_o be_v ground_v no_o law_n of_o god_n will_v or_o command_v imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n nor_o be_v it_o warrant_v by_o any_o example_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o efficient_a mean_n bring_v man_n into_o prison_n as_o usury_n be_v appear_v plain_o to_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n as_o have_v be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o old_a law_n neither_o have_v the_o law_n of_o the_o gospel_n a_o word_n of_o command_n or_o warrant_v for_o imprison_v a_o christian_n brother_n for_o debt_n 34.14_o exod._n 22.26_o deut._n 23.19_o levit._fw-la 25_o 35._o ezech._n 18_o 8._o jeremy_n 34.14_o but_o rather_o contain_v a_o command_n to_o relieve_v he_o if_o he_o be_v fall_v into_o decay_n to_o take_v care_n how_o and_o wherein_o he_o shall_v sleep_v to_o set_v he_o free_a at_o six_o year_n end_n and_o then_o to_o reward_v he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o man_n it_o be_v not_o so_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n man_n against_o the_o law_n of_o man_n which_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a most_o eminent_a &_o most_o bind_a law_n no_o man_n may_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v for_o debt_n but_o the_o creditor_n be_v to_o take_v satisfaction_n upon_o the_o debtor_n estate_n of_o good_n &_o land_n according_a to_o magna_fw-la char._n 3._o h._n 3._o and_o 14._o ed._n 3._o although_o after_o accountant_n only_o be_v to_o be_v imprison_v until_o they_o pay_v which_o be_v make_v general_a against_o all_o debtor_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 17._o yet_o prisoner_n in_o execution_n might_n and_o do_v follow_v their_o vocation_n and_o affair_n by_o bail_n mainprize_n or_o baston_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o rich._n 2._o cap._n 12._o and_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o be_v prisoner_n tie_v up_o short_a to_o the_o writ_n of_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la or_o the_o king_n special_a mandate_n upon_o surmise_n corpus_fw-la habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la that_o the_o say_v debtor_n make_v secret_a estate_n in_o trust_n to_o defraud_v their_o creditor_n or_o be_v wilful_a and_o obstinate_a to_o pay_v they_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v these_o objection_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v all_o promiscuous_o aswell_o frauder_n as_o non_fw-la frauder_n without_o and_o before_o any_o proof_n make_v yet_o if_o the_o fraud_n be_v prove_v or_o his_o ability_n and_o sufficiency_n either_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o imprison_v his_o body_n because_o the_o law_n do_v give_v the_o estate_n fourthwith_o to_o the_o creditor_n whether_o the_o debtor_n will_v or_o no_o so_o it_o be_v still_o needless_a to_o imprison_v the_o body_n for_o twenty_o year_n imprisonment_n discount_v never_o a_o penny_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o yet_o the_o debtor_n have_v suffer_v more_o misery_n and_o punishment_n than_o a_o guilty_a traitor_n or_o rebel_n suffer_v for_o the_o high_a offence_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n justice._n against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice._n that_o man_n equal_o free_v bear_v shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o common_a and_o equal_a liberty_n and_o be_v give_v into_o the_o power_n of_o another_o without_o criminal_a cause_n or_o guilt_n the_o debtor_n be_v either_o punish_v for_o guilt_n or_o cohersion_n if_o for_o guilt_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o
for_o in_o the_o execution_n consist_v the_o life_n of_o all_o law_n and_o the_o perfect_a of_o man_n action_n which_o aim_v at_o some_o certain_a end_n for_o it_o have_v be_v well_o observe_v by_o some_o that_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n differ_v in_o this_o fool_n difference_n between_o the_o action_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n and_o a_o fool_n that_o the_o wise_a have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o end_n in_o what_o they_o undertake_v and_o the_o fool_n without_o consideration_n permit_v the_o end_n to_o manifest_v in_o self_n whereof_o ignorant_a man_n judge_v according_a to_o the_o event_n although_o the_o enterprise_n be_v never_o so_o advise_o take_v in_o hand_n and_o as_o if_o the_o success_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o divine_a power_n to_o be_v guide_v by_o his_o providence_n the_o determination_n of_o all_o cause_n and_o controversy_n especial_o of_o merchant_n affair_n be_v do_v and_o execute_v as_o follow_v 1_o concern_v seafaring_a cause_n which_o be_v determine_v according_a to_o the_o sea-lawe_n already_o write_v and_o in_o the_o premise_n abridge_v controversy_n four_o meaneâ—_n to_o end_v controversy_n we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n brief_o declare_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o second_o mean_a to_o end_v controversy_n be_v by_o arbitrator_n choose_v and_o elect_v by_o both_o party_n to_o end_v their_o difference_n with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n to_o avoid_v suit_n in_o law_n which_o unto_o merchant_n be_v inconvenient_a 3_o the_o three_o mean_v be_v the_o authority_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o merchant_n for_o the_o merchant_n court_n according_a to_o the_o privilege_n which_o prince_n have_v grant_v unto_o they_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o their_o traffic_n and_o maintenance_n of_o their_o custom_n whereof_o most_o judge_n be_v either_o ignorant_a or_o content_v to_o determine_v matter_n according_o 4_o the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_v to_o determine_v question_n and_o difference_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a or_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o several_a dominion_n of_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o they_o wherein_o we_o be_v especial_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a for_o all_o nation_n do_v frame_n and_o direct_v their_o judgement_n thereafter_o give_v place_n to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o merchant_n custom_n which_o make_v proper_o their_o law_n now_o by_o i_o methodical_o describe_v in_o this_o book_n which_o allow_v to_o every_o man_n and_o nation_n his_o proper_a right_n and_o due_a and_o hure_v no_o man_n law_n three_o precept_n of_o all_o law_n according_a to_o the_o three_o general_a precept_n of_o all_o law_n set_v down_o by_o caius_n and_o after_o he_o by_o tribonianus_n namely_o honest_a vivere_fw-la alterum_fw-la non_fw-la laedere_fw-la &_o ius_n suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la tribuere_fw-la whereof_o the_o second_o tri_v and_o rule_v the_o two_o other_o whereof_o more_o hereafter_o touch_v the_o first_o mean_v to_o determine_v seafaring_a cause_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v needful_a to_o speak_v much_o of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o admiral_n at_o the_o sea_n admiral_n a_o admiral_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n magnus_n dux_n classis_fw-la and_o drungarius_n magnus_fw-la or_o admiratus_fw-la from_o amiras_n a_o word_n use_v by_o the_o spaniard_n to_o see_v or_o adelantado_n as_o go_v before_o the_o rest_n of_o ship_n also_o by_o the_o italian_n l'amiraglio_n or_o admiral_n in_o french_a because_o his_o call_n be_v know_v to_o all_o but_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o ready_a obedience_n to_o the_o great_a admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o power_n over_o the_o life_n of_o man_n a_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n only_o proper_a to_o themselves_o court._n the_o admiral_n court._n in_o all_o seafaring_a cause_n and_o debate_v civil_a and_o criminal_a so_o that_o no_o other_o judge_n shall_v meddle_v therewith_o and_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n be_v his_o deputy_n judicial_o to_o decide_v they_o by_o the_o advocate_n and_o other_o assistant_n for_o the_o better_a and_o just_a proceed_n of_o the_o say_a court_n also_o the_o admiral_n clerk_n be_v veric_a necessary_a and_o herein_o it_o have_v be_v think_v convenient_a that_o all_o proctor_n or_o attorn'ey_n of_o that_o court_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n before_o they_o be_v hear_v etc._n advocate_n and_o proctor_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o shall_v do_v nothing_o malicious_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o find_v their_o action_n to_o be_v unrighteous_a in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o process_n they_o be_v to_o tell_v it_o to_o their_o client_n and_o if_o the_o client_n will_v insist_v then_o to_o show_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n oath_n the_o proctor_n oath_n also_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o reveal_v their_o client_n secret_n to_o the_o adversary_n and_o last_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o propound_v delay_n nor_o be_v peremptory_a against_o their_o conscience_n and_o the_o like_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v take_v of_o other_o officer_n at_o their_o admission_n the_o cause_n to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n do_v extend_v very_o far_o and_o many_o be_v otherwise_o decree_v or_o determine_v especial_o by_o the_o merchant_n court_n admiralty_n cause_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o admiralty_n and_o office_n of_o assurance_n whereas_o heretofore_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n do_v minister_v justice_n upon_o all_o complaint_n contract_n offence_n plea_n exchange_n assurance_n debt_n account_n charterparty_n covenant_n and_o all_o other_o writing_n concern_v lade_v and_o unlade_v of_o ship_n fraight_n hire_n money_n lend_v upon_o hazard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o other_o seafaring_a business_n do_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o acknowledge_v of_o writ_n and_o appeal_n from_o other_o judge_n letter_n of_o reprisal_n or_o mart_n to_o arrest_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n to_o inquire_v within_o and_o without_o liberty_n by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n upon_o all_o offence_n and_o trespass_n and_o namely_o first_o touch_v the_o revealer_n of_o the_o king_n and_o country_n their_o secret_n over_o sea_n especial_o in_o time_n of_o war_n against_o pirate_n their_o assister_n or_o abettor_n outreader_n or_o receiver_n against_o fortefier_n of_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o harmer_n of_o friend_n against_o the_o breaker_n of_o the_o admiral_n arrest_n and_o attachment_n against_o good_n forbid_v and_o merchandise_n not_o custom_a and_o yet_o transport_v against_o the_o resister_n of_o the_o admiral_n officer_n in_o execute_v his_o precept_n against_o forestaller_n regrater_n and_o dearther_n of_o corn_n and_o victual_n etc._n etc._n final_o against_o transporter_n of_o traitor_n rebel_n manifest_a transgressor_n and_o fugitive_n from_o justice_n or_o caster_n of_o ballast_n sand_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n in_o harbour_n or_o channel_n extortioner_n by_o ship_n and_o boat-wrights_a for_o take_v away_o the_o boigh_n from_o the_o anchor_n cutter_n of_o cable_n or_o towe_n false_a weight_n and_o measure_n by_o sea_n shedder_n of_o other_o man_n blood_n on_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o port_n or_o lame_v by_o misdemeanour_n customer_n and_o water-bailifes_a take_n more_o custom_n or_o anchorage_n than_o they_o ought_v for_o absent_v from_o muster_n in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o all_o transgression_n commit_v by_o seaman_n ferry-man_n watermen_n fisher_n pilot_n shipwrights_a press_a man_n contain_v the_o admiral_n authority_n and_o to_o amerce_v they_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n the_o good_n of_o pirate_n felon_n capital_a offender_n their_o receiver_n assister_n attaint_v convict_v condemn_v and_o outlaw_v waif_n and_o stray_v good_n wreck_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o cast_v good_n deodando_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o thing_n whether_o boat_n or_o ship_n etc._n etc._n that_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n or_o whereby_o a_o man_n do_v perish_v sea_n beacon_n to_o give_v light_n on_o the_o sea_n share_n lawful_a prize_n or_o good_n of_o the_o enemy_n or_o lagon_n floatson_n and_o jetson_n before_o declare_v with_o the_o anchorage_n beaconage_n swine_n sturgeon_n and_o whale_n cast_v on_o shore_n &_o all_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a greatness_n call_v regal_a of_o all_o these_o the_o admiral_n have_v authority_n to_o deal_v correct_v and_o punish_v according_a to_o their_o desert_n and_o the_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o same_o by_o statute_n enact_v and_o all_o other_o law_n and_o mean_n before_o declare_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o admiral_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o skilful_a and_o honest_a and_o be_v to_o have_v diverse_a register_n for_o congee_n safeconduct_n passport_n sea-briefe_n without_o which_o no_o ship_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v to_o pass_v clerk_n the_o register_n of_o the_o clerk_n nor_o yet_o in_o far_a voyage_n in_o time_n of_o
peace_n another_o register_n for_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o captain_n and_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o their_o return_n a_o three_o register_n for_o the_o name_n of_o merchant_n passenger_n and_o owner_n which_o the_o master_n ought_v to_o deliver_v up_o to_o have_v they_o enrol_v and_o all_o pilot_n name_n although_o record_v in_o the_o office_n call_v the_o trinity_n house_n ought_v to_o be_v set_v down_o and_o know_v to_o the_o admiral_n clerk_n also_o all_o money_n deliver_v upon_o hazard_n or_o bottomarie_a as_o be_v heretofore_o declare_v call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la or_o pecunia_fw-la traiectitia_fw-la now_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o seafaring_a cause_n proceed_v the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n aforesaid_a or_o the_o custom_n write_v and_o if_o the_o debate_n or_o cause_n can_v be_v determine_v thereby_o the_o last_o refuge_n be_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o skilful_a and_o upright_a man_n in_o their_o own_o trade_n but_o all_o this_o must_v be_v do_v as_o the_o law_n say_v velo_n levato_fw-la so_o brief_o and_o summary_o without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o other_o ordinary_a court_n and_o judgement_n only_o look_v to_o god_n and_o the_o truth_n and_o all_o complaint_n to_o be_v end_v instant_o especial_o of_o shipwreck_n for_o it_o be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v so_o miserable_a person_n with_o tedious_a proceed_n whereupon_o in_o this_o case_n the_o judge_n may_v proceed_v to_o execution_n upon_o every_o interlocutorie_a and_o make_v restitution_n present_o upon_o good_a caution_n to_o be_v give_v to_o satisfy_v the_o appellation_n if_o any_o be_v make_v and_o herein_o there_o be_v a_o further_a privilege_n to_o they_o for_o whereas_o by_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n where_o no_o litiscontestation_n be_v past_a or_o as_o we_o say_v bill_n and_o answer_v depend_v no_o witness_n shall_v be_v receive_v nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la eternam_fw-la rei_fw-la memoriam_fw-la privilege_n extraordinary_a privilege_n ac_fw-la adversario_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la citato_fw-la yet_o in_o shipwreck_n as_o a_o case_n to_o be_v commiserate_v any_o of_o the_o ship-broken-man_n may_v come_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o part_n where_o the_o wreck_n happen_v and_o by_o witness_n bring_v with_o he_o may_v make_v proof_n and_o as_o this_o be_v a_o extraordinary_a privilege_n even_o so_o may_v merchant_n ordinary_o and_o master_n sail_v together_o bear_v witness_v each_o one_o to_o other_o of_o their_o society_n within_o the_o ship_n if_o they_o have_v neither_o to_o lose_v or_o gain_v thereby_o and_o especial_o mariner_n for_o or_o against_o the_o master_n when_o the_o voyage_n be_v end_v privilege_n ordinary_a privilege_n and_o they_o free_a of_o his_o commandment_n for_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o doctor_n when_o truth_n can_v be_v otherwise_o try_v then_o unable_a person_n may_v be_v hear_v and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o trade_n be_v not_o interrupt_v by_o vexation_n of_o quarrelsome_a person_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o not_o only_o the_o common_a caution_n judicio_fw-la sisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la be_v keep_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o defendant_n but_o also_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n or_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v find_v caution_n de_fw-fr expensis_fw-la soluendis_fw-la if_o he_o fail_v in_o proof_n likewise_o if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n after_o three_o citation_n or_o four_o at_o the_o most_o call_v quatuor_fw-la defaltae_fw-la he_o be_v take_v for_o contemptuous_a the_o judge_n may_v ordain_v the_o marshal_n or_o officer_n to_o put_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o possession_n by_o his_o sentence_n or_o primum_fw-la decretum_fw-la provide_v that_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v within_o the_o year_n and_o pay_v the_o cost_n and_o expense_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o hear_v upon_o the_o propriety_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o any_o attachment_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n it_o shall_v upon_o caution_n give_v summary_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v for_o this_o law_n of_o admiralty_n intend_v nothing_o but_o expedition_n for_o the_o better_a advancement_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xv._o of_o arbitrator_n and_o their_o award_v the_o second_o mean_v or_o rather_o ordinary_a course_n to_o end_v the_o question_n and_o controversy_n arise_v between_o merchant_n be_v by_o way_n of_o arbitrement_n when_o both_o party_n doâ—_n make_v choice_n of_o honest_a man_n to_o end_v their_o cause_n which_o be_v voluntary_a and_o in_o their_o own_o power_n and_o therefore_o call_v arbitrium_fw-la or_o free_a will_n whence_o the_o name_n arbitrator_n be_v derive_v and_o these_o man_n by_o some_o call_v good_a man_n give_v their_o judgement_n by_o award_v according_a to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n observe_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v void_a of_o all_o partiality_n or_o affection_n more_o nor_o less_o to_o the_o one_o than_o to_o the_o other_o have_v only_a care_n that_o right_o may_v take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o truth_n and_o that_o the_o difference_n may_v be_v end_v with_o brevity_n and_o expedition_n insomuch_o that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v call_v a_o arbitrator_n who_o to_o please_v his_o friend_n make_v delay_n and_o propagate_v their_o difference_n but_o he_o be_v rather_o a_o disturber_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o justice_n and_o truth_n and_o therefore_o the_o manner_n to_o elect_v arbitrator_n arbitrator_n the_o manner_n to_o choose_v arbitrator_n be_v worthy_a the_o observation_n some_o be_v content_v to_o name_v four_o or_o six_o person_n on_o either_o side_n in_o writing_n and_o refer_v the_o name_n or_o elect_v of_o four_o out_o of_o they_o by_o reciprocal_a proceed_n when_o one_o name_v the_o first_o person_n another_o the_o second_o and_o then_o again_o the_o three_o and_o the_o other_o the_o four_o person_n other_o put_v several_a name_n in_o a_o paper_n be_v content_v that_o a_o mere_a stranger_n shall_v upon_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o paper_n prick_v their_o name_n with_o a_o pin_n or_o that_o as_o they_o be_v number_v the_o dice_n shall_v be_v cast_v upon_o they_o according_o by_o the_o number_n other_o put_v their_o name_n in_o several_a paper_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v mingle_v and_o draw_v by_o way_n of_o lot_n by_o a_o indifferent_a person_n which_o course_n may_v be_v think_v allowable_a as_o we_o have_v note_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o divide_n of_o commodity_n by_o lot_n other_o will_v do_v the_o same_o by_o nomination_n of_o they_o and_o draw_v of_o the_o long_a or_o short_a straw_n or_o by_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a mean_n of_o point_v number_v or_o describe_v all_o tend_v to_o one_o end_n to_o have_v indifferency_n and_o that_o partiality_n may_v be_v avoid_v by_o all_o mean_n consideration_n must_v be_v have_v also_o whether_o two_o three_o or_o all_o four_o shall_v have_v authority_n to_o determine_v the_o cause_n seal_n award_v be_v to_o be_v give_v under_o hand_n and_o seal_n if_o they_o can_v to_o be_v do_v within_o a_o limit_v time_n wherein_o their_o award_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v name_v a_o umpire_n or_o not_o all_o which_o must_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o bond_n of_o compromise_n unless_o the_o question_n be_v only_o upon_o one_o point_n to_o be_v determine_v wherein_o no_o bond_n be_v needful_a but_o by_o way_n of_o assumpsit_fw-la by_o deliver_v a_o piece_n of_o coin_n each_o to_o other_o and_o thereby_o bind_v themselves_o reciprocal_o upon_o the_o penalty_n of_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n it_o be_v end_v and_o the_o say_a penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n by_o assumpsit_fw-la may_v be_v recover_v by_o law_n and_o the_o merchant_n court_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forfeiture_n upon_o bond_n if_o the_o party_n do_v not_o perform_v the_o sentence_n or_o award_n if_o the_o award_n be_v lawful_o make_v award_v five_o point_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o award_v to_o which_o end_n arbitrator_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o five_o point_n follow_v which_o by_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a all_o award_v 1_o that_o the_o award_n be_v give_v up_o in_o write_v within_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o the_o bond_n of_o compromise_n make_v between_o the_o party_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v limit_v or_o appoint_v by_o the_o award_n some_o reciprocal_a act_n to_o be_v do_v by_o each_o party_n to_o other_o which_o the_o law_n require_v to_o be_v quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quâ—_n albeit_o never_o so_o small_a 3_o that_o they_o make_v a_o final_a end_n and_o do_v determine_v upon_o all_o the_o point_n or_o difference_n produce_v before_o they_o by_o specification_n or_o otherwise_o if_o they_o be_v require_v so_o to_o do_v and_o authorize_v thereunto_o 4_o that_o they_o do_v not_o award_v any_o of_o the_o party_n to_o do_v or_o perform_v any_o unlawful_a act_n or_o thing_n prohibit_v and_o
equity_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o the_o pay_v of_o custom_n imposition_n factoridge_n portage_n carriage_n and_o the_o like_a charge_n be_v much_o to_o be_v respect_v by_o they_o as_o also_o the_o execution_n of_o will_n and_o testament_n the_o publication_n of_o witness_n before_o they_o be_v without_o delay_n and_o no_o more_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v examine_v after_o the_o time_n of_o few_o day_n limit_v be_v expire_v consul_n sentence_n of_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n but_o sentence_n be_v immediate_o to_o be_v give_v in_o writing_n after_o pronunciation_n clear_o make_v by_o they_o according_a to_o the_o proof_n and_o allegation_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o high_a court_n and_o in_o france_n by_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n upon_o reformation_n of_o their_o decree_n the_o manner_n of_o this_o summarie_a proceed_n be_v so_o brief_a that_o upon_o come_v of_o the_o party_n before_o they_o in_o person_n or_o by_o their_o attorney_n they_o be_v present_o to_o nominate_v their_o place_n of_o residence_n or_o else_o there_o be_v refusal_n make_v of_o their_o petition_n or_o demand_v then_o there_o be_v but_o one_o delay_n admit_v and_o in_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n or_o obligation_n there_o be_v admit_v but_o one_o default_n after_o which_o the_o bill_n be_v hold_v as_o confess_v and_o avileable_a judge_n the_o authority_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v great_a than_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o judge_n wherein_o their_o authority_n be_v great_a than_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o other_o judge_n for_o their_o say_a ordinance_n do_v extend_v but_o to_o the_o adiourn_v of_o person_n and_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n upon_o one_o only_a default_n and_o notice_n leave_v at_o the_o lodging_n of_o the_o offendor_n may_v aver_v all_o bill_n and_o declare_v the_o same_o to_o be_v payable_a which_o notice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o messenger_n or_o sergeant_n of_o the_o say_a office_n by_o fix_v the_o copy_n of_o the_o demand_n upon_o the_o door_n if_o he_o can_v find_v the_o person_n and_o by_o one_o witness_n or_o two_o to_o be_v affirm_v and_o hereupon_o they_o may_v seize_v upon_o the_o party_n good_n if_o his_o body_n be_v absent_a and_o can_v be_v imprison_v to_o pay_v and_o satisfy_v their_o say_a sentence_n and_o decree_n and_o thâ—_n good_n by_o they_o seize_v upon_o once_o warn_v give_v may_v be_v sell_v by_o they_o to_o that_o end_n if_o opposition_n be_v make_v against_o the_o seize_v sale_n or_o delivery_n of_o good_n or_o against_o the_o cry_n or_o interposition_n of_o decree_n or_o against_o any_o other_o chief_a point_n where_o opposition_n may_v be_v admit_v justice_n remain_v due_o garnish_v the_o party_n so_o oppose_v themselves_o shall_v be_v send_v to_o their_o judge_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o their_o province_n to_o declare_v before_o they_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o opposition_n and_o if_o the_o party_n adiourn_v do_v offer_n surety_n yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o shall_v be_v cause_v to_o garnish_v and_o lay_v down_o caution_n and_o then_o have_v power_n to_o call_v his_o surety_n so_o that_o the_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n to_o be_v give_v shall_v be_v against_o the_o principal_a debtor_n for_o the_o principal_a sum_n and_o against_o the_o surety_n for_o the_o charge_n damage_n and_o interest_n only_o and_o this_o surety_n be_v liable_a after_o one_o default_n also_o unless_o he_o put_v in_o a_o three_o man_n for_o surety_n to_o who_o also_o but_o one_o default_n can_v be_v allow_v how_o be_v it_o that_o â—ll_a delay_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n use_v a_o diournment_n and_o delay_n use_v who_o will_v admit_v none_o but_o upon_o very_o pregnant_a cause_n and_o if_o they_o find_v to_o have_v grant_v any_o delay_n upon_o untrue_a suggestion_n they_o may_v impose_v a_o forfeiture_n upon_o the_o party_n according_a to_o their_o discretion_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o person_n and_o in_o the_o proceed_n there_o may_v be_v two_o citation_n and_o adiournment_n sometime_o use_v by_o they_o use_v inquiry_n use_v especial_o upon_o inquiry_n where_o the_o witness_n be_v admit_v with_o the_o privity_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v call_v thereunto_o otherwise_o all_o the_o proceed_n be_v of_o no_o value_n the_o inquiry_n be_v to_o be_v do_v within_o a_o limit_a time_n and_o may_v once_o be_v prolong_v upon_o especial_a cause_n and_o not_o otherwise_o all_o lawful_a proof_n must_v be_v do_v before_o they_o summary_o within_o three_o day_n without_o any_o further_a protraction_n unless_o there_o be_v manifest_a contradiction_n and_o that_o by_o default_n thereof_o they_o pay_v the_o penalty_n to_o be_v impose_v impose_v penalty_n impose_v the_o like_a penalty_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v if_o the_o party_n do_v produce_v any_o frivolous_a thing_n in_o writing_n for_o there_o be_v always_o expedition_n and_o brevity_n intend_v in_o all_o their_o proceed_n office_n the_o register_n office_n the_o register_n of_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o little_a inventory_n of_o all_o the_o writing_n that_o shall_v be_v produce_v and_o shall_v cause_v the_o party_n that_o do_v produce_v they_o to_o write_v their_o name_n upon_o every_o one_o of_o they_o and_o the_o say_a register_n be_v not_o to_o take_v out_o any_o copy_n of_o matter_n of_o moment_n out_o of_o the_o inventory_n of_o the_o say_a writing_n neither_o for_o the_o one_o party_n nor_o for_o the_o other_o but_o only_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o end_n wherefore_o the_o say_v writing_n be_v produce_v upon_o a_o penalty_n etc._n etc._n etc._n charge_n and_o damage_n to_o be_v tax_v etc._n etc._n all_o charge_n and_o damage_n shall_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n and_o be_v pay_v or_o the_o party_n imprison_v not_o to_o be_v release_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o this_o course_n to_o determine_v cause_n be_v the_o short_a and_o most_o peremptory_a of_o all_o devise_n invention_n and_o mean_n which_o can_v be_v imagine_v i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o set_v down_o the_o french_a king_n edict_n concern_v the_o same_o as_o the_o most_o complete_a a_o edict_n make_v by_o the_o french_a king_n concern_v the_o court_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o rouen_n henry_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n soever_o greeting_n as_o we_o have_v be_v heretofore_o advertise_v that_o our_o city_n of_o rouen_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a city_n in_o all_o our_o kingdom_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n and_o aptness_n for_o all_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n where_o diverse_a merchant_n as_o well_o of_o this_o our_o realm_n as_o of_o many_o other_o nation_n do_v usual_o hold_v a_o intercourse_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v for_o the_o continuance_n and_o propagation_n of_o which_o trade_n there_o have_v of_o late_a by_o our_o letter_n missive_a be_v erect_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o same_o city_n a_o common_a place_n for_o merchant_n and_o their_o factor_n to_o assemble_v themselves_o in_o twice_o every_o day_n at_o the_o hour_n accustom_v to_o dispatch_v their_o affair_n and_o negotiation_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o be_v common_o use_v in_o the_o change_n at_o lion_n thoulouze_n change_v at_o lion_n bourse_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o the_o bourse_n at_o thoulouze_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n of_o other_o country_n may_v more_o ready_o be_v transport_v and_o exchange_v away_o with_o those_o which_o our_o own_o bring_v forth_o be_v it_o therefore_o know_v to_o all_o man_n that_o we_o through_o our_o ardent_a zeal_n and_o desire_n that_o we_o carry_v to_o advance_v the_o general_a good_a of_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n and_o to_o augment_v the_o common_a benefit_n and_o ease_v of_o all_o merchant_n negotiate_v there_o and_o in_o all_o thing_n possible_a to_o gratify_v they_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v distract_v and_o draw_v from_o their_o affair_n and_o business_n into_o sundry_a court_n and_o jurisdiction_n by_o mean_n of_o suit_n and_o variance_n arise_v at_o any_o time_n about_o their_o traffic_n by_o the_o deliberate_a advice_n of_o our_o privy_a council_n together_o with_o diverse_a nobleman_n and_o prince_n of_o our_o blood_n beside_o other_o great_a and_o honourable_a personage_n of_o our_o own_o proper_a motion_n assure_a knowledge_n and_o regal_a authority_n have_v approve_v and_o confirm_v and_o by_o these_o present_n do_v approve_v and_o confirm_v the_o make_n and_o establish_v of_o the_o say_v common_a place_n in_o that_o our_o city_n of_o rouen_n instant_o ratify_v the_o same_o in_o all_o point_n with_o the_o change_n of_o lion_n and_o bourse_n of_o thoulouze_n will_v and_o ordain_v and_o our_o pleasure_n be_v that_o
all_o merchant_n factor_n and_o all_o other_o of_o what_o nation_n soever_o may_v assemble_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o twice_o every_o day_n at_o the_o hour_n accustom_v and_o in_o their_o meeting_n shall_v free_o use_v their_o traffic_n and_o pass_v their_o business_n as_o well_o by_o exchange_n as_o otherwise_o not_o only_o in_o the_o same_o place_n exchange_n licence_n to_o exchange_n but_o also_o in_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o within_o the_o liberty_n of_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n when_o and_o where_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a with_o all_o assurance_n and_o safety_n to_o their_o merchandise_n and_o withal_o those_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o merchant_n trade_v to_o our_o town_n of_o lion_n and_o thoulouze_n do_v enjoy_v and_o use_v according_a to_o the_o grant_n of_o our_o predecessor_n king_n of_o france_n and_o of_o vs._n furthermore_o we_o will_v and_o ordain_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o say_a town_n of_o rouen_n frequent_v the_o same_o place_n shall_v every_o year_n cause_n a_o society_n of_o merchant_n to_o be_v in_o the_o lodge_n of_o the_o say_a bourse_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n in_o the_o say_a city_n and_o at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a in_o which_o meeting_n they_o shall_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o say_a number_n three_o officer_n viz._n a_o prior_n and_o two_o consul_n to_o remain_v â—n_v their_o authority_n for_o one_o year_n and_o so_o yearly_a to_o be_v change_v and_o there_o new_a to_o be_v elect_v according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a form_n of_o most_o voice_n election_n indifferent_a election_n not_o only_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rouen_n but_o also_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v to_o be_v present_a and_o assistant_n in_o the_o say_a election_n which_o election_n and_o nomination_n be_v full_o end_v the_o say_a prior_n aâ—d_a consul_n shall_v have_v present_a power_n in_o they_o to_o take_v knowledge_n &_o to_o give_v judgement_n between_o all_o man_n of_o what_o estate_n quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v of_o all_o suit_n controversy_n and_o difference_n touch_v matter_n of_o merchandise_v or_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o conseruator_fw-la of_o the_o fair_a at_o lion_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n at_o thoulouze_n do_v as_o well_o for_o obligation_n bill_n of_o debt_n receipt_n blank_n sign_v bill_n of_o exchange_n association_n general_n and_o particular_a association_n answer_v by_o surety_n association_n of_o merchant_n either_o general_a or_o particular_a assurance_n account_n transportation_n bargain_n and_o partenership_n for_o matter_n aforesaid_a or_o any_o thing_n belong_v thereunto_o with_o as_o full_a strength_n and_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n and_o condemnation_n of_o the_o say_a conseruator_n of_o lion_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o that_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n decree_n and_o ordinance_n commission_n and_o commandment_n of_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n of_o rouen_n by_o speech_n provision_n or_o definitives_n shall_v stand_v in_o as_o much_o force_n and_o effect_n for_o any_o matter_n judicial_o determine_v as_o those_o cause_n which_o the_o conseruator_fw-la of_o lion_n and_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o other_o of_o our_o judge_n do_v decide_v and_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v execute_v by_o our_o sergeant_n and_o officer_n in_o such_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o behalf_n above_o name_v either_o by_o commit_v to_o prison_n execution_n the_o manner_n of_o execution_n or_o by_o inflict_v severe_a punishment_n if_o it_o be_v so_o decree_v and_o ordain_v and_o to_o that_o end_n shall_v our_o messenger_n and_o officer_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v the_o execution_n our_o gaoler_n and_o keeper_n of_o our_o prison_n shall_v likewise_o be_v bind_v to_o receive_v and_o keep_v all_o such_o prisoner_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o be_v commit_v unto_o they_o by_o our_o abovesaid_a judge_n and_o with_o the_o like_a bond_n and_o penalty_n if_o any_o escape_n happen_v as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v the_o prisoner_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a judge_n for_o so_o we_o have_v enjoin_v and_o do_v enjoin_v our_o messenger_n and_o other_o officer_n gaoler_n and_o keeper_n of_o prison_n upon_o such_o penalty_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v and_o according_a as_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n shall_v be_v set_v down_o and_o declare_v without_o any_o default_n according_a as_o the_o offence_n commit_v shall_v require_v moreover_o we_o have_v permit_v and_o do_v permit_v our_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n to_o take_v unto_o they_o 20_o of_o the_o say_a merchant_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v reasonable_a to_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o proceed_n and_o judgement_n in_o cause_n of_o merchandise_n bill_n of_o exchange_n execution_n aid_v in_o their_o execution_n assurance_n and_o difference_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o to_o cause_v to_o be_v execute_v their_o sentence_n judgement_n and_o ordinance_n of_o pawn_n and_o consignement_n provision_n seize_v of_o good_n and_o all_o their_o other_o condemnations_n sentence_n or_o appointment_n to_o proceed_v therein_o by_o cry_n proclamation_n give_v notice_n to_o themselves_o or_o leave_v notice_n at_o their_o house_n by_o proof_n sale_n dipositing_n delivery_n and_o execution_n definitive_a as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v likewise_o we_o give_v they_o power_n to_o direct_v the_o same_o process_n proceed_n summarie_n proceed_n and_o to_o proceed_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o ordinance_n as_o well_o in_o matter_n summary_o as_o by_o provision_n as_o acknowledgement_n of_o bill_n subscription_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a in_o act_n of_o pawn_n and_o consignement_n by_o one_o only_a fault_n due_o prove_v by_o summon_v the_o person_n at_o his_o house_n or_o fix_v there_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o commission_n or_o process_n in_o all_o place_n where_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v and_o touch_v other_o matter_n where_o two_o default_n shall_v be_v make_v or_o summon_v in_o person_n they_o shall_v proceed_v observe_v and_o keep_v the_o course_n according_a to_o the_o king_n ordinance_n and_o for_o all_o matter_n wherein_o they_o shall_v give_v sentence_n of_o execution_n according_a to_o their_o knowledge_n we_o will_v and_o do_v permit_v they_o as_o aforesaid_a to_o cause_v the_o execution_n to_o pass_v in_o all_o place_n of_o our_o court_n of_o parliament_n at_o rouen_n and_o in_o all_o other_o place_n of_o our_o kingdom_n where_o need_n shall_v require_v without_o any_o disturbance_n or_o let_v to_o be_v do_v by_o any_o of_o our_o judge_n justice_n or_o officer_n either_o against_o they_o or_o their_o deputy_n neither_o shall_v they_o let_v or_o hinder_v any_o summons_n or_o arrest_v exploit_n or_o assignment_n to_o be_v do_v before_o they_o and_o to_o give_v their_o assistance_n in_o all_o cause_n appertain_v to_o their_o knowledge_n touch_v matter_n of_o traffic_n and_o all_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v against_o all_o merchant_n trade_v in_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n and_o as_o touch_v their_o factor_n dealer_n and_o intermedler_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o they_o be_v send_v by_o they_o into_o diverse_a country_n region_n and_o province_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o our_o kingdom_n country_n and_o dominion_n under_o our_o obeisance_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o traffic_n merchandise_v and_o do_v of_o business_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v we_o will_v and_o ordain_v etc._n constraint_n to_o bring_v their_o caâ—â—_n les_fw-fr etc._n etc._n that_o they_o may_v be_v constrain_v to_o bring_v their_o cause_n and_o proof_n for_o all_o matter_n aforesaid_a before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o that_o shall_v hereafter_o execute_v these_o office_n be_v it_o either_o for_o the_o render_n of_o account_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o part_n or_o of_o whole_a or_o condemnation_n in_o penalty_n or_o other_o condemnation_n for_o amends_n for_o trespass_n and_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v requisite_a concern_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v deserve_v whereof_o we_o have_v permit_v they_o and_o do_v give_v they_o power_n to_o use_v the_o form_n even_o as_o the_o say_v conseruator_fw-la at_o lion_n prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o other_o our_o judge_n do_v and_o to_o cause_v execution_n to_o be_v serve_v on_o the_o offender_n either_o by_o arrest_n attachment_n of_o good_n and_o sale_n thereof_o or_o by_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o party_n condemn_v judge_n prohibition_n to_o other_o judge_n even_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a inhibit_v all_o our_o judge_n to_o presume_v to_o take_v knowledge_n of_o any_o matter_n or_o plea_n thereunto_o belong_v which_o our_o command_n we_o will_v be_v notify_v unto_o they_o and_o unto_o who_o it_o shall_v
appertain_v by_o the_o first_o of_o our_o officer_n or_o sergeant_n that_o shall_v be_v require_v who_o we_o enjoin_v to_o perform_v the_o same_o according_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o all_o those_o charge_n and_o extraordinary_a expense_n which_o merchant_n may_v be_v put_v unto_o in_o follow_v their_o suit_n against_o their_o factor_n and_o dealer_n before_o many_o judge_n may_v by_o these_o mean_n be_v utter_o avoid_v furthermore_o we_o have_v permit_v and_o do_v give_v authority_n to_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n etc._n half_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n to_o the_o prior_n etc._n etc._n that_o all_o such_o penalty_n of_o money_n as_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v inflict_v upon_o man_n for_o contempt_n or_o any_o other_o offence_n shall_v be_v forfeit_v the_o one_o half_a to_o we_o the_o other_o half_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_v common_a place_n or_o bourse_n of_o rouen_n to_o supply_v the_o want_n thereof_o allow_v they_o likewise_o absolute_a liberty_n and_o power_n to_o choose_v and_o constitute_v one_o councillor_n attorney_n a_o councillor_n and_o one_o attorney_n and_o one_o attorney_n who_o shall_v by_o all_o lawful_a mean_n labour_v the_o benefit_n and_o advancement_n of_o the_o say_a place_n and_o shall_v defend_v the_o same_o to_o direct_v their_o process_n and_o cause_n as_o well_o before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n as_o before_o all_o other_o judge_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o merchant_n may_v assemble_v themselves_o as_o well_o to_o consult_v of_o their_o common_a affair_n as_o to_o constitute_v the_o say_a councillor_n and_o attorney_n without_o be_v subject_a to_o repair_v to_o we_o or_o to_o our_o judge_n for_o leave_v when_o need_n shall_v require_v therefore_o all_o such_o judgement_n as_o shall_v pass_v before_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v seal_v with_o their_o seal_n and_o sign_v by_o a_o register_n by_o they_o appoint_v be_v it_o by_o imprisonment_n sale_n dispose_v of_o good_n or_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v hold_v for_o real_a and_o lawful_a be_v pass_v in_o manner_n aforesaid_a without_o any_o constraint_n to_o have_v our_o further_a commission_n or_o like_n even_o according_a as_o be_v permit_v by_o our_o most_o honourable_a our_o father_n the_o king_n unto_o the_o merchant_n of_o our_o city_n of_o lion_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n give_v in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n parliament_n appeal_v to_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1535_o reserve_v unto_o our_o say_a court_n of_o parliament_n at_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n for_o a_o last_o conclusion_n and_o by_o appeal_n the_o jurisdiction_n and_o knowledge_n of_o the_o say_a discord_n and_o difference_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o such_o appeal_n as_o shall_v proceed_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n that_o shall_v be_v give_v and_o declare_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n may_v be_v speedy_o and_o without_o delay_n end_v in_o our_o say_a court_n we_o have_v ordain_v and_o do_v ordain_v enjoin_v and_o command_v all_o our_o love_a and_o trusty_a precedent_n and_o councillor_n hold_v our_o say_a court_n of_o parliament_n to_o declare_v to_o the_o say_a merchant_n without_o delay_n one_o day_n in_o every_o week_n such_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v convenient_a to_o hear_v determine_v and_o dispatch_v the_o say_a appellation_n by_o order_n of_o roll_n for_o that_o purpose_n ordain_v expedition_n justice_n with_o all_o expedition_n and_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o process_n by_o writing_n there_o shall_v be_v one_o other_o roll_n make_v a_o part_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o say_v appeal_n may_v be_v end_v in_o the_o same_o day_n to_o avoid_v the_o prolong_n of_o suit_n to_o the_o ruin_n and_o consume_n of_o the_o suitor_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o say_a place_n of_o meeting_n of_o the_o merchant_n twice_o a_o day_n may_v be_v quiet_a and_o without_o disturbance_n our_o pleasure_n be_v and_o we_o do_v strait_o command_v that_o none_o of_o our_o sergeant_n and_o officer_n presume_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o same_o place_n etc._n no_o arrest_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o burse_n etc._n etc._n not_o to_o make_v any_o arrest_n for_o any_o cause_n of_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o during_o the_o time_n of_o those_o two_o accustom_a hour_n of_o meeting_n and_o if_o such_o arrest_n shall_v be_v make_v during_o the_o say_a hour_n we_o have_v declare_v heretofore_o and_o do_v declare_v at_o this_o present_a the_o same_o to_o be_v void_a and_o insufficient_a charge_v all_o our_o judge_n not_o to_o have_v any_o regard_n thereunto_o and_o as_o we_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o trade_n of_o assurance_n be_v of_o late_o great_o advance_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n a_o work_n so_o honourable_a that_o it_o do_v even_o beautify_v and_o great_o advance_v the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o the_o say_a city_n we_o to_o the_o end_n those_o say_a policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o all_o other_o writing_n thereunto_o belong_v may_v receive_v full_a vigour_n have_v permit_v and_o do_v permit_v that_o all_o merchant_n frequent_v the_o say_a place_n both_o now_o and_o hereafter_o to_o come_v to_o assemble_v themselves_o at_o all_o time_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v needful_a to_o choose_v and_o nominate_v according_a to_o the_o most_o voice_n one_o merchant_n among_o they_o such_o a_o one_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v meet_a be_v a_o man_n trusty_a and_o expert_a in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o assurance_n who_o shall_v make_v and_o register_v the_o say_a policy_n assurance_n a_o register_n for_o assurance_n whereunto_o the_o assuror_n shall_v set_v their_o hand_n at_o all_o time_n hereafter_o in_o the_o say_a place_n and_o liberty_n of_o rouen_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o merchant_n who_o office_n shall_v likewise_o be_v to_o draw_v forth_o account_v of_o such_o arrearage_n as_o shall_v happen_v be_v thereunto_o call_v receive_v for_o his_o pain_n and_o time_n spend_v about_o the_o business_n of_o the_o same_o assurance_n according_a as_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v meet_a by_o the_o say_a merchant_n and_o keep_v a_o perfect_a and_o true_a register_n of_o the_o same_o assurance_n to_o the_o which_o register_n and_o copies_n thereof_o and_o all_o other_o act_n and_o write_n by_o he_o make_v concern_v matter_n of_o assurance_n and_o by_o he_o sign_v we_o will_v and_o ordain_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o credit_n shall_v be_v thereunto_o give_v before_o all_o judge_n and_o other_o to_o who_o it_o shall_v appertain_v without_o that_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n shall_v have_v to_o do_v or_o meddle_v in_o the_o say_a business_n of_o assurance_n or_o any_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v unless_o he_o be_v before_o choose_v and_o admit_v thereunto_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n and_o by_o the_o say_a merchant_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o we_o do_v command_v and_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o all_o person_n hold_v our_o court_n of_o parliament_n great_a consell_n admiral_n vice-admirall_n steward_n and_o their_o deputy_n and_o to_o all_o other_o judge_n and_o officer_n who_o it_o shall_v concern_v that_o you_o do_v cause_n to_o be_v read_v proclaim_v and_o register_v this_o our_o present_a will_n declaration_n permission_n and_o ordinance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o keep_v by_o all_o they_o according_o that_o the_o merchant_n may_v use_v and_o enjoy_v the_o force_n and_o benefit_n thereof_o plain_o and_o peaceable_o without_o any_o contradiction_n moreover_o we_o do_v charge_n and_o command_v our_o attorney_n general_a that_o he_o do_v with_o all_o diligence_n cause_n all_o these_o thing_n to_o be_v plain_o and_o true_o execute_v and_o that_o he_o do_v certify_v we_o of_o his_o diligence_n so_o do_v for_o such_o be_v our_o pleasure_n for_o that_o of_o our_o mere_a motion_n and_o power_n we_o will_v have_v it_o do_v and_o that_o notwithstanding_o any_o ordinance_n custom_n statute_n privilege_n commandment_n defence_n or_o letter_n to_o the_o contrary_a the_o which_o in_o this_o cause_n without_o do_v prejudice_n to_o other_o cause_n we_o have_v make_v void_a and_o do_v make_v void_a and_o for_o that_o man_n shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o use_v this_o our_o grant_n in_o diverse_a place_n our_o pleasure_n be_v that_o credit_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o all_o such_o copy_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v by_o any_o our_o love_a and_o trusty_a notary_n and_o sergeant_n secretary_n or_o under_o in_o ample_a manner_n as_o to_o the_o original_n and_o to_o this_o effect_n we_o do_v give_v you_o full_a power_n authority_n and_o especial_a charge_n and_o commission_n by_o these_o present_n command_v all_o our_o justice_n officer_n and_o subject_n to_o obey_v you_o in_o this_o case_n and_o to_o the_o end_n this_o may_v remain_v establish_v for_o ever_o our_o own_o right_n in_o all_o other_o cause_v reserve_v we_o
principle_n which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n or_o reason_n be_v many_o more_o than_o those_o which_o be_v of_o man_n and_o give_v by_o the_o absolute_a discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o concern_v the_o prudence_n of_o the_o law_n which_o hold_v this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o suffer_v a_o mischief_n law_n a_o maxim_n in_o law_n than_o a_o inconvenience_n attribute_v the_o word_n mischief_n unto_o one_o or_o some_o few_o man_n and_o the_o word_n inconvenience_n to_o all_o person_n or_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o general_n and_o here_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n consider_v we_o that_o ars_fw-la est_fw-la causarum_fw-la consideratio_fw-la art_n definition_n of_o art_n ex_fw-la finibus_fw-la assumptis_fw-la art_n be_v the_o consideration_n of_o cause_n from_o certain_a end_n propound_v according_a to_o which_o definition_n a_o orderly_a consideration_n must_v be_v take_v of_o the_o cause_n which_o can_v be_v without_o art_n for_o art_n make_v nothing_o but_o of_o thing_n already_o make_v put_v a_o dictinct_a determination_n which_o be_v do_v with_o a_o reform_a reason_n proper_o call_v logic_n which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o all_o science_n so_o be_v it_o also_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o law_n and_o although_o the_o law_n be_v now_o infinite_a in_o practice_n yet_o be_v the_o same_o finite_a in_o precept_n so_o that_o as_o in_o infinitis_fw-la omne_fw-la concurrunt_fw-la the_o law_n be_v finite_a in_o her_o principle_n may_v easy_o be_v compile_v or_o incorporate_v and_o experience_n teach_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o understand_v many_o principle_n well_o put_v together_o than_o to_o put_v many_o principle_n well_o together_o whereby_o a_o man_n may_v understand_v the_o law_n hear_v the_o same_o deliver_v by_o a_o lawyer_n yet_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o wiseman_n for_o we_o have_v our_o finite_a original_n or_o element_n act_n person_n thing_n and_o their_o adjunct_n and_o concern_v they_o finite_a reason_n of_o which_o we_o do_v compound_v case_n infinite_a yet_o be_v all_o those_o case_n decide_v according_a to_o the_o finite_a reason_n of_o the_o finite_a element_n so_o have_v the_o physician_n finite_a simples_n though_o he_o do_v make_v infinite_a compound_n yet_o be_v they_o all_o prove_v good_a or_o bad_a to_o that_o whereunto_o they_o be_v prepare_v by_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o finite_a simples_n now_o by_o the_o element_n of_o the_o law_n law_n element_n of_o the_o law_n we_o must_v understand_v matter_n and_o form_n not_o as_o in_o thing_n natural_a and_o compound_v but_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v so_o in_o all_o case_n there_o be_v matter_n of_o law_n matter_n of_o fact_n or_o both_o and_o the_o twelve_o man_n or_o juror_n be_v only_o ordain_v to_o try_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o they_o be_v ignorant_a in_o the_o law_n so_o that_o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v if_o both_o party_n do_v agree_v upon_o the_o fact_n and_o each_o do_v claim_v that_o by_o law_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o and_o will_v still_o in_o that_o sort_n maintain_v their_o right_n than_o it_o be_v call_v a_o demurrer_n in_o law_n law_n demurrer_n in_o law_n which_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n so_o that_o if_o all_o case_n be_v reduce_v under_o these_o few_o title_n namely_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o right_a or_o title_n of_o land_n of_o debt_n of_o trespass_n of_o account_n of_o trover_n and_o of_o the_o case_n then_o may_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v bring_v naked_o before_o the_o jury_n distinguish_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n for_o all_o case_n be_v either_o criminal_a or_o civil_a personal_a case_n criminal_a real_a and_o personal_a or_o criminal_a real_a and_o personal_a for_o life_n honour_n and_o good_n or_o land_n and_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o describe_v the_o nature_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a action_n the_o law_n be_v singular_a in_o her_o distinction_n which_o will_v diminish_v the_o practice_n thereupon_o whereas_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o fact_n be_v first_o examine_v by_o witness_n law_n original_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n indices_fw-la torment_n and_o the_o like_a probation_n to_o find_v the_o truth_n thereof_o and_o that_o do_v the_o advocat_n do_v dispute_v of_o the_o law_n to_o make_v of_o it_o what_o they_o can_v say_v exit_fw-la facto_fw-la ius_fw-la oritur_fw-la which_o be_v long_o and_o tedious_a the_o plead_n of_o general_a issue_n with_o addition_n of_o the_o word_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la make_v the_o matter_n difficult_a many_o time_n when_o the_o jury_n conceive_v that_o this_o mean_v some_o matter_n of_o law_n when_o it_o be_v only_a matter_n of_o fact_n the_o juror_n therefore_o be_v principal_o to_o look_v whether_o the_o issue_n and_o evidence_n do_v concur_v which_o they_o ought_v to_o follow_v true_a it_o be_v there_o be_v sometime_o matter_n of_o law_n which_o alter_v the_o case_n when_o there_o must_v be_v prove_v a_o lawful_a consideration_n of_o quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la what_o it_o be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la oritur_fw-la actio_fw-la wherefore_o i_o have_v see_v some_o plea_n plain_o distinguish_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o jury_n may_v perceive_v the_o naked_a issue_n of_o the_o fact_n before_o they_o in_o question_n with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v sometime_o do_v by_o way_n of_o replication_n there_o be_v a_o maxim_n or_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o if_o the_o defendant_n or_o tenant_n in_o any_o action_n plead_v a_o plea_n that_o amount_v not_o to_o the_o general_a issue_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v the_o general_a issue_n issue_n the_o plead_n of_o general_a issue_n and_o if_o he_o will_v not_o he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v for_o lack_v of_o answer_n the_o general_a issue_n in_o assize_n be_v that_o he_o that_o be_v name_v the_o disseisor_n have_v do_v no_o wrong_n nor_o no_o disseisin_n and_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o entry_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o assize_n the_o general_a issue_n be_v that_o he_o disseise_v he_o not_o and_o in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n that_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a and_o so_o every_o action_n have_v his_o general_a issue_n assign_v by_o the_o law_n and_o the_o party_n must_v of_o necessity_n either_o take_v the_o general_a issue_n or_o plead_v some_o plea_n in_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o the_o cause_n why_o this_o be_v do_v be_v because_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n m_o r._n fortescue_n say_v that_o the_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n be_v more_o indifferent_a than_o the_o trial_n before_o a_o judge_n because_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o find_v out_o two_o man_n among_o a_o number_n of_o man_n that_o may_v be_v of_o the_o party_n acquaintance_n so_o void_a of_o charity_n and_o conscience_n which_o for_o dread_n love_n or_o profit_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o gainsay_v all_o truth_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o allege_v the_o example_n of_o the_o two_o witness_n against_o susanna_n according_a to_o which_o precedent_n the_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v examine_v asunder_o and_o not_o in_o the_o hear_n of_o one_o another_o as_o be_v now_o accustom_a and_o if_o their_o oath_n touch_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v record_v brief_o the_o evidence_n will_v be_v more_o certain_a for_o witness_n will_v be_v more_o careful_a upon_o which_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o jury_n depend_v if_o the_o action_n be_v local_a of_o land_n or_o house_n juror_n proceeding_n of_o juror_n the_o jury_n be_v empanel_v of_o man_n from_o as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v to_o that_o county_n where_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n lie_v nevertheless_o the_o defendant_n may_v take_v exception_n against_o some_o of_o the_o juror_n albeit_o for_o little_a or_o no_o cause_n and_o then_o other_o be_v take_v in_o place_n for_o there_o be_v twenty_o before_o man_n warn_v but_o twelve_o be_v sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o action_n real_a where_o twenty_o four_o must_v be_v empanel_v and_o the_o oath_n give_v to_o juror_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v deal_v just_o and_o true_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o the_o witness_n be_v to_o speak_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n and_o so_o they_o take_v their_o oath_n and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o proceed_n in_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v therefore_o if_o the_o juror_n fall_v out_o not_o to_o be_v full_a in_o number_n circumstantibus_fw-la decem_fw-la tales_n dâ—_n circumstantibus_fw-la than_o the_o sheriff_n may_v take_v decem_n tales_n de_fw-la
retail_n 14_o because_o the_o same_o be_v most_o agreeable_a with_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o country_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fertility_n afford_v very_o convenient_a mean_n for_o the_o trial_n thereof_o by_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n be_v gentle_a 15_o because_o man_n be_v to_o reduce_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o their_o cause_n upon_o one_o peremptory_a exception_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n whereby_o matter_n be_v determine_v with_o expedition_n 16_o for_o that_o it_o command_v not_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o be_v honest_a reasonable_a and_o possible_a in_o itself_o and_o all_o impossibility_n be_v exclude_v thereby_o 17_o for_o that_o thereof_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n in_o manner_n before_o declare_v see_v the_o same_o be_v finite_a in_o her_o precept_n according_a to_o the_o old_a maxim_n or_o principle_n whereunto_o every_o thing_n be_v reduce_v and_o explain_v as_o aforesaid_a all_o ambiguity_n and_o dark_a sentence_n will_v be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o judge_n shall_v easy_o give_v a_o clear_a understanding_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o solon_n who_o make_v the_o arropagit_n of_o athens_n to_o be_v as_o guardian_n of_o the_o law_n 18_o for_o that_o the_o trial_n thereof_o by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n upon_o one_o point_n peremptory_o or_o in_o certainty_n be_v brief_a and_o substantial_a because_o the_o witness_n which_o be_v produce_v before_o they_o by_o who_o evidence_n the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v make_v must_v be_v approve_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n as_o aforesaid_a 19_o for_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o be_v according_o decide_v either_o by_o the_o jury_n upon_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n upon_o demurrer_n or_o otherwise_o upon_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n 20_o for_o the_o indifferency_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o controversy_n and_o question_n between_o the_o native_a subject_n and_o alien_n for_o they_o may_v have_v their_o trial_n per_fw-la medietatem_fw-la linguae_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v half_o the_o jury_n of_o stranger_n and_o the_o other_o half_n of_o english_a subject_n to_o avoid_v partiality_n 21_o for_o that_o the_o sergeant_n and_o councillor_n at_o the_o law_n be_v to_o give_v counsel_n and_o to_o help_v the_o poor_a which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o prosecute_v law_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n which_o they_o do_v in_o forma_fw-la pauperis_fw-la by_o direction_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n and_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o common_a pleas._n 22_o final_o the_o common_a law_n be_v excellent_a for_o have_v few_o fault_n and_o imperfection_n than_o any_o other_o law_n be_v most_o sufficient_a to_o uphold_v the_o commonwealth_n in_o quietness_n thus_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n have_v like_o a_o queen_n a_o predominant_a power_n from_z whence_o proceed_v mutual_a love_n and_o sure_a amity_n from_o the_o prince_n to_o the_o subject_n and_o from_o the_o subject_n again_o due_a obedience_n to_o the_o prince_n in_o a_o most_o pleasant_a harmony_n and_o concord_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o a_o law_n receive_v publish_v and_o record_v without_o any_o reason_n to_o be_v render_v for_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v lex_fw-la cum_fw-la prologo_fw-la wherewith_o seneca_n find_v fault_n when_o he_o say_v jubeat_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la suadeat_fw-la and_o as_o the_o law_n be_v derive_v à _fw-la ligare_fw-la to_o bind_v so_o be_v the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n bind_v to_o the_o head_n and_o may_v be_v make_v easy_a in_o practice_n for_o as_o the_o saâ—d_n seneca_n say_v nil_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la pertinax_fw-la opera_fw-la &_o diligens_fw-la cura_fw-la non_fw-la expugnat_fw-la of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n the_o law_n of_o france_n be_v either_o write_v or_o customary_a and_o according_a to_o this_o division_n the_o country_n be_v divide_v acquitanie_n and_o a_o part_n of_o celtica_n next_o unto_o it_o be_v call_v pay_v the_o droict_n escript_n because_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n â—â—_o there_o in_o force_n law_n write_a law_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v think_v to_o be_v because_o the_o roman_n do_v continue_v long_o in_o those_o part_n after_o the_o frankes_n have_v make_v a_o thorough_a conquest_n of_o the_o other_o belgica_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o celtica_n be_v call_v coustumier_n because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v govern_v by_o their_o ancient_a custom_n custom_n ancient_a custom_n which_o among_o they_o have_v the_o force_n of_o law_n howbeit_o neither_o the_o civil_a law_n nor_o the_o customary_a be_v further_o in_o force_n than_o they_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o king_n under_o the_o law_n write_v be_v comprehend_v the_o civil_a law_n the_o king_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o advice_n either_o of_o the_o privy_a council_n or_o of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o the_o arrest_n or_o ordinance_n of_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o the_o erection_n of_o their_o university_n of_o law_n the_o king_n express_o declare_v that_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o receive_v it_o for_o further_a use_n than_o to_o draw_v instruction_n of_o good_a government_n and_o reason_n from_o it_o as_o appeareth_z in_o the_o charter_n at_o orleans_n by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell_n anno_fw-la 1312_o wherein_o he_o show_v that_o this_o realm_n be_v govern_v by_o custom_n and_o not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n except_o in_o some_o province_n which_o the_o king_n have_v permit_v in_o some_o case_n so_o to_o do_v not_o as_o bound_v but_o as_o willing_a to_o continue_v the_o law_n which_o their_o subject_n of_o ancient_a time_n have_v use_v so_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n general_o be_v not_o in_o force_n but_o only_o for_o direction_n and_o form_n of_o plead_v and_o proceed_v in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o process_n and_o where_o it_o be_v most_o in_o force_v the_o court_n of_o parliament_n have_v authority_n to_o construe_v and_o interpret_v it_o as_o they_o think_v good_a of_o all_o the_o write_v law_n in_o france_n the_o ordinance_n and_o edict_n of_o the_o king_n be_v most_o in_o force_n insomuch_o as_o they_o be_v acknowledge_v for_o the_o only_a law_n and_o all_o other_o have_v their_o life_n from_o they_o and_o be_v so_o far_o forth_o available_a as_o they_o be_v strengthen_v by_o they_o the_o arrest_n of_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n be_v of_o great_a authority_n be_v pronounce_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v as_o law_n to_o be_v follow_v in_o all_o case_n in_o like_a manner_n their_o ordinance_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v only_o during_o the_o time_n that_o the_o king_n provide_v not_o otherwise_o and_o in_o their_o own_o circuit_n only_o for_o they_o have_v not_o authority_n to_o make_v law_n general_a and_o perpetual_a the_o custom_n which_o diverse_a province_n claim_v be_v of_o late_a year_n draw_v into_o writing_n and_o publish_v in_o print_n for_o the_o more_o easy_a understanding_n of_o they_o and_o the_o avoid_v of_o confusion_n so_o that_o now_o all_o the_o law_n of_o france_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v write_v law_n this_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o seven_o anno_fw-la 1453_o and_o order_v also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o anno_fw-la 1579._o jmposition_n subsidy_n and_o jmposition_n this_o manner_n of_o government_n cause_v subsidy_n and_o jmposition_n to_o be_v make_v as_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o king_n authority_n which_o be_v at_o the_o first_o grant_v by_o the_o three_o estate_n upon_o urgent_a necessity_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n only_o comâ—inaâ—le_a clergy_n nobility_n and_o comâ—inaâ—le_a but_o now_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o be_v ordinary_a charles_n the_o seven_o be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v they_o ordinary_a for_o the_o payment_n of_o soldier_n francis_n the_o first_o and_o henry_n the_o second_o do_v the_o like_a personal_a subsidy_n be_v take_v by_o the_o pole_n whereof_o ecclesiastical_a man_n nobleman_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o child_n be_v exempt_v real_a or_o patrimonial_a subsidy_n be_v levy_v by_o land_n in_o some_o province_n as_o languedoc_n and_o provence_n whereof_o no_o person_n be_v exempt_v mix_v subsidy_n be_v levy_v of_o the_o yeomandrie_n and_o some_o person_n of_o mean_n the_o great_a imposition_n be_v upon_o wine_n now_o fifteen_o sou_n upon_o every_o mew_v and_o upon_o salt_n appoint_v by_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n salt_n magazine_n of_o salt_n call_v magazine_n or_o gremer_n for_o salt_n forbid_v merchant_n to_o traffic_v for_o it_o set_v a_o rate_n of_o four_o denier_n upon_o every_o pound_n of_o
salt_n francis_n the_o first_o make_v the_o same_o perpetual_a as_o the_o domaine_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o magazine_n upon_o pain_n of_o punishment_n this_o impost_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n for_o two_o million_o of_o crown_n or_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a the_o right_a of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o may_v lay_v imposition_n thirty_o league_n from_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o no_o other_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v not_o within_o that_o precinct_n there_o be_v eight_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o france_n and_o eight_o chamber_n of_o account_n at_o paris_n erect_v 1302_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell._n at_o paris_n parlement_n court_n of_o parlement_n at_o tholouze_n also_o and_o confirm_v by_o charles_n the_o 7._o in_o britain_n at_o grenoble_n 1453_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o dion_n account_n court_n of_o account_n at_o bourdeaux_n 1462_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o monpellier_n at_o aix_n 1501_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12._o in_o dolphin_n at_o dion_n 1476_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11_o for_o burgundy_n in_o provence_n at_o rouen_n 1449_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12_o for_o normandy_n at_o blois_n at_o rheame_n 1553_o by_o h._n the_o 2_o for_o britainie_n at_o rouen_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n of_o france_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a receive_a opinion_n that_o pharamont_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o law_n other_o think_v it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o gaul_n that_o be_v call_v salie_n among_o who_o that_o law_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n term_v all_o their_o law_n either_o ripuarie_n or_o salic_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n they_o be_v call_v salique_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v invent_v of_o latter_a time_n as_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n to_o frustrate_v the_o daughter_n of_o lewis_n huttin_n or_o else_o to_o have_v have_v the_o first_o strength_n from_o a_o usual_a custom_n of_o all_o barbarian_n which_o be_v never_o to_o suffer_v the_o female_n to_o inherit_v the_o crown_n and_o so_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o line_n of_o the_o king_n it_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o three_o and_o by_o custom_n it_o be_v rather_o confirm_v than_o to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o law_n at_o any_o time_n ordain_v have_v be_v little_a account_n make_v thereof_o until_o the_o controversy_n between_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n and_o end_v duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o claim_v it_o for_o his_o niece_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n huttin_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n the_o book_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v but_o a_o collection_n howbeit_o there_o be_v no_o example_n ever_o hear_v of_o that_o any_o woman_n govern_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n concur_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n in_o substance_n the_o court_n of_o equity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o bill_n and_o answer_v replication_n and_o rejoinder_n and_o sometime_o duplication_n and_o at_o last_o conclusion_n with_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n in_o serious_a manner_n the_o whole_a proceed_n be_v deliver_v to_o certain_a doctor_n or_o learned_a man_n which_o be_v as_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o belong_v to_o certain_a university_n to_o be_v abreviate_v which_o be_v call_v ad_fw-la rotulandum_fw-la who_o do_v cut_v off_o all_o superfluous_a thing_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v confess_v on_o both_o side_n process_n to_o abreviate_v long_a process_n or_o be_v not_o material_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o bring_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o party_n to_o certain_a point_n or_o head_n whereupon_o the_o say_a party_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n or_o learned_a counsel_n do_v dispute_n and_o debate_v the_o say_a difference_n to_o bring_v they_o as_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o perfect_v before_o the_o judge_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n will_v take_v covert_o any_o exception_n against_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n he_o may_v have_v the_o whole_a process_n make_v up_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a.b._n and_o c.d._n as_o it_o be_v complainant_a and_o defendant_n without_o name_v either_o of_o the_o party_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v under_o the_o town_n seal_v unto_o doctor_n or_o other_o learned_a man_n of_o university_n elect_v thereunto_o in_o other_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v give_v their_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n thereupon_o and_o return_v the_o same_o back_n again_o under_o seal_n before_o the_o judge_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v depend_v who_o call_v both_o party_n before_o he_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o he_o shall_v open_v the_o process_n and_o whether_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n therein_o contain_v and_o if_o the_o complainant_n descend_v thereunto_o then_o be_v the_o defendant_n thereby_o conclude_v see_v he_o have_v his_o choice_n and_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n appeal_v from_o the_o judge_n whereupon_o execution_n be_v present_o have_v and_o matter_n be_v end_v with_o expedition_n by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o other_o law_n be_v variable_a and_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a in_o her_o custom_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v infringe_v but_o serious_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o all_o the_o four_o precedent_a mean_n or_o some_o select_a course_n of_o execution_n to_o be_v devise_v concur_v with_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n whereof_o and_o more_o exact_a explanation_n by_o contrary_n i_o have_v for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o this_o work_n add_v hereunto_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n which_o will_v illustrate_v the_o most_o material_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n chap._n xviii_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n have_v heretofore_o publish_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n which_o have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o with_o a_o three_o paradox_n observe_v by_o i_o do_v proper_o allude_v to_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n or_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o substance_n of_o they_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o the_o same_o be_v paradox_n what_o it_o be_v the_o rather_o because_o paradox_n be_v thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o will_v also_o make_v all_o the_o premise_n more_o manifest_a and_o apparent_a by_o their_o conclusion_n the_o say_v two_o paradox_n present_v by_o monsieur_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o finance_n or_o treasury_n in_o france_n be_v as_o follow_v say_v 1_o that_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n commodity_n commodity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dear_a these_o three_o hundred_o year_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n and_o money_n and_o or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o the_o three_o paradox_n which_o i_o have_v add_v hereunto_o be_v 3_o that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n for_o money_n exchange_n exchange_n make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n and_o property_n of_o real_a and_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la mounseur_fw-fr malestroit_n say_v that_o since_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n dearth_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o therefore_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n since_o that_o time_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o
coelo_fw-la the_o rather_o for_o that_o so_o many_o good_a act_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v make_v long_o since_o concern_v the_o same_o when_o the_o staple_n of_o our_o commodity_n do_v flourish_v both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o 1622._o the_o maintenance_n of_o â—ree_a trade_n anno_fw-la 1622._o and_o have_v of_o late_o publish_v ten_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v think_v convenient_a to_o examine_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o say_a point_n 1_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o overualuation_n consequent_o of_o foreign_a coin_n unto_o we_o which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n 2_o usury_n politic_a practise_v by_o many_o and_o abandon_v trade_n 3_o the_o litigious_a suit_n in_o law_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o trade_n 4_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n preoccupy_v by_o other_o nation_n 5_o the_o endrape_n of_o wool_n in_o other_o country_n of_o late_a much_o increase_v 6_o the_o policy_n of_o merchant_n of_o several_a society_n 7_o the_o false_a make_n of_o cloth_n and_o other_o manufacture_n 8_o the_o exportation_n of_o the_o material_n of_o wool_n woolfel_n etc._n etc._n 9_o the_o war_n of_o christendom_n pirate_n and_o bankerupt_v 10_o the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n within_o the_o realm_n but_o before_o we_o come_v to_o this_o examination_n staple_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o staple_n let_v we_o observe_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o their_o privilege_n in_o the_o government_n thereof_o the_o most_o ancient_a foundation_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandise_v in_o this_o kingdom_n both_o for_o trade_n and_o government_n have_v by_o continuance_n of_o time_n before_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o do_v obtain_v the_o name_n of_o staple_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o wool_n leather_n woolfells_n fell_n lead_v tin_n butter_n cheese_n clothes_n and_o other_o commodity_n be_v call_v staple_n merchandise_n the_o port_n from_o whence_o the_o say_v commodity_n be_v to_o be_v transport_v be_v call_v staple_n port_n as_o london_n westminster_n hull_n boyston_n bristol_n southampton_n new_a castle_n and_o other_o place_n the_o place_n of_o residence_n of_o these_o merchant_n both_o within_o this_o land_n and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v the_o staple_n the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o say_a merchant_n be_v call_v staple_n law_n under_o their_o government_n consist_v of_o a_o mayor_n two_o constable_n and_o other_o officer_n have_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n flourish_v to_o the_o great_a enrich_n of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n and_o it_o have_v be_v support_v and_o assist_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o state_n in_o all_o age_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o 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be_v take_v by_o they_o to_o import_v bullion_n either_o the_o 1_o â—_o or_o 1_o â—_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o commodity_n export_v the_o debt_n between_o merchant_n be_v transfer_v or_o set_v over_o by_o bill_n to_o be_v register_v before_o the_o mayor_n or_o constable_n which_o be_v currant_n without_o the_o strict_a proceed_n of_o our_o common_a law_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v now_o by_o a_o register_n authorise_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n parent_n 2_o in_o those_o day_n usury_n be_v account_v to_o be_v a_o abominable_a thing_n for_o it_o be_v not_o use_v by_o any_o course_n politic_a but_o see_v it_o be_v now_o so_o general_a in_o all_o country_n the_o best_a remedy_n to_o abate_v the_o same_o in_o price_n be_v to_o procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o mean_v before_o mention_v which_o will_v be_v more_o effectual_a of_o course_n than_o any_o law_n that_o will_v be_v devise_v for_o the_o moderation_n thereof_o 3_o to_o avoid_v the_o litigious_a suit_n in_o law_n the_o say_a mayor_n and_o constable_n of_o the_o staple_n have_v authority_n to_o determine_v they_o with_o all_o expedition_n and_o if_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o difference_n between_o a_o stapler_n and_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n there_o be_v two_o merchant_n stranger_n admit_v and_o join_v with_o the_o mayor_n or_o constable_n to_o determine_v the_o same_o and_o that_o with_o a_o present_a execution_n without_o delay_n especial_o upon_o a_o statute_n staple_n acknowledge_v before_o the_o mayor_n or_o constable_n as_o aforesaid_a 4_o the_o fish_n trade_n be_v not_o preoccupy_v by_o foreign_a nation_n as_o it_o have_v be_v within_o these_o hundred_o year_n as_o have_v be_v note_v albeit_o such_o ship_n as_o be_v permit_v to_o fish_n in_o the_o king_n sea_n and_o dominion_n pay_v six_o penny_n for_o every_o ton_n burden_n which_o be_v now_o eighteen_o penny_n and_o this_o trade_n may_v be_v establish_v with_o we_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o several_a society_n of_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n russia_n and_o eastland_n merchant_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o england_n can_v maintain_v the_o same_o and_o the_o cloth_n trade_n together_o as_o they_o have_v certify_v 5_o the_o indrape_n of_o wool_n or_o make_v of_o cloth_n be_v of_o late_a much_o increase_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o less_o cloth_n make_v with_o we_o may_v give_v the_o better_a mean_n to_o establish_v the_o fish_n trade_n as_o aforesaid_a 6_o the_o policy_n of_o merchant_n of_o several_a country_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v withal_o as_o the_o stapler_n do_v in_o time_n past_a look_v to_o the_o sale_n both_o of_o wool_n and_o all_o other_o staple_n commodity_n and_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a in_o price_n of_o the_o say_v foreign_a ware_n with_o our_o native_a commodity_n 7_o to_o prevent_v the_o false_a make_n of_o cloth_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o at_o these_o staple_n merchant_n good_n be_v always_o diligent_o and_o careful_o view_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o corrector_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o staple_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o good_n exported_a may_v be_v answerable_a in_o goodness_n to_o their_o expectation_n upon_o the_o view_n require_v whereby_o this_o staple_n trade_n continue_v without_o any_o interruption_n for_o they_o be_v the_o sole_a merchant_n of_o the_o realm_n without_o competitor_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o four_o at_o which_o time_n certain_a mariner_n and_o mercer_n of_o london_n use_v to_o barter_n english_a clothes_n in_o holland_n zealand_n brabant_n and_o other_o place_n have_v by_o the_o say_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o a_o governor_n set_v over_o they_o only_o to_o be_v a_o judge_n to_o hear_v and_o decide_v their_o controversy_n and_o to_o punish_v their_o misdemeanour_n with_o licence_n that_o they_o may_v congregate_v themselves_o for_o that_o
justice_n for_o to_o be_v find_v a_o debtor_n in_o the_o law_n be_v no_o criminal_a guilt_n and_o therefore_o unjust_a to_o punish_v he_o criminal_o if_o for_o cohersion_n to_o make_v the_o debtor_n bring_v forth_o his_o estate_n to_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n it_o be_v also_o against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n to_o enforce_v a_o man_n by_o punishment_n to_o do_v that_o which_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v in_o his_o power_n or_o whereof_o the_o law_n be_v already_o certify_v that_o there_o be_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o do_v according_a to_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o capias_fw-la grant_v against_o the_o body_n by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v also_o against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n to_o thrust_v all_o kind_n of_o debtor_n into_o a_o prison_n together_o in_o a_o heap_n without_o respect_n to_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o man_n to_o more_o or_o less_o guilt_n of_o fraud_n or_o obstinacy_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o honest_a or_o a_o usurious_a debt_n life_n plutarch_n in_o solon_n life_n to_o more_o or_o less_o mean_n of_o the_o debtor_n whereby_o he_o must_v live_v or_o starve_v in_o prison_n or_o to_o the_o hold_v he_o one_o or_o twenty_o year_n in_o prison_n for_o some_o be_v great_a debt_n for_o thousand_o some_o be_v small_a debt_n for_o trifle_n some_o be_v suppose_v debt_n not_o yet_o prove_v and_o in_o truth_n some_o be_v no_o debt_n but_o for_o certain_a all_o or_o nine_o in_o ten_o be_v usurious_a debt_n and_o forfeiture_n scarce_o one_o honest_a debt_n of_o a_o hundred_o but_o all_o by_o unlawful_a gain_n upon_o corrupt_a and_o desperate_a adventure_n but_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o imprisonment_n be_v no_o punishment_n for_o prisoner_n live_v at_o ease_n and_o pleasure_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o received_a opinion_n but_o the_o misery_n and_o affliction_n of_o imprisonment_n be_v inexplicable_a and_o can_v be_v conceive_v by_o any_o that_o have_v not_o feel_v or_o have_v proof_n thereof_o the_o ancient_a roman_n construe_v and_o repute_v imprisonment_n to_o be_v a_o guard_n or_o saâ—e_v keep_v of_o slave_n and_o bondman_n but_o a_o heavy_a punishment_n to_o free_v bear_v man_n and_o it_o be_v record_v that_o the_o prophet_n micha_n be_v send_v to_o prison_n to_o be_v feed_v with_o the_o bread_n of_o affliction_n for_o imprisonment_n be_v a_o corporal_a punishment_n imprisonment_n a_o description_n of_o imprisonment_n a_o grief_n and_o torture_n of_o the_o mind_n a_o long_a and_o linger_a die_v and_o sometime_o a_o short_a kill_n by_o plague_n etc._n etc._n it_o overthrow_v a_o man_n reputation_n and_o destroy_v all_o that_o be_v good_a and_o dear_a unto_o he_o his_o kindred_n grow_v strange_a his_o friend_n forsake_v he_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n suffer_v with_o he_o or_o leave_v he_o or_o rebel_n or_o degenerate_a against_o he_o and_o lie_v open_a to_o all_o disgrace_n and_o villainy_n of_o the_o world_n in_o who_o misery_n the_o prisoner_n suffer_v more_o than_o in_o his_o own_o suffering_n before_o he_o the_o sight_n of_o all_o these_o misery_n and_o evil_n and_o which_o be_v not_o the_o least_o he_o lie_v open_a to_o every_o arrow_n of_o scandal_n or_o calumny_n that_o a_o malicious_a adversary_n will_v shoot_v at_o he_o which_o he_o can_v neither_o resist_v nor_o avoid_v because_o he_o be_v absent_a to_o confront_v they_o behind_o he_o grief_n for_o loss_n of_o liberty_n credit_n friend_n estate_n and_o all_o good_a fortune_n his_o bail_n and_o surety_n who_o common_o be_v his_o near_a kin_n or_o dear_a friend_n lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o adversary_n or_o be_v already_o imprison_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o ill_a air_n straight_a place_n hard_a lodging_n unwholesome_a diet_n with_o the_o noise_n noisomeness_n pester_v and_o fetter_n the_o body_n of_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o least_o of_o many_o evil_n charity_n against_o conscience_n and_o charity_n let_v this_o be_v weigh_v in_o the_o balance_n of_o conscience_n and_o christian_a charity_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o these_o proceed_n can_v subsist_v for_o they_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o not_o warrant_v by_o scripture_n but_o to_o induce_v diverse_a necessary_a consequence_n for_o proof_n hereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v how_o many_o way_n any_o man_n may_v guiltless_o and_o innocent_o fall_v by_o the_o law_n innocent_o guiltless_o or_o innocent_o be_v convict_v of_o debt_n or_o damage_n and_o cast_v into_o prison_n thereupon_o viz._n by_o misprision_n or_o ignorance_n of_o himself_o or_o his_o attorney_n in_o plead_v of_o the_o cause_n by_o careless_a or_o unskilful_a councillor_n especial_o when_o false_a thing_n be_v cunning_o lay_v or_o true_a thing_n uncertain_o lay_v by_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o defendant_n want_v mean_n to_o pay_v his_o attorney_n or_o council_n and_o by_o combination_n of_o the_o adversary_n with_o the_o defendant_n attorney_n solicitor_n or_o councillor_n or_o with_o the_o witness_n or_o juror_n for_o love_n malice_n or_o end_n of_o their_o own_o by_o perjury_n of_o witness_n in_o conceal_v pervert_v and_o misapply_v truth_n or_o depose_v untruth_n and_o by_o subornation_n of_o witness_n juror_n or_o officer_n in_o the_o impannel_a of_o juror_n and_o corruption_n of_o the_o judge_n casualty_n by_o casualty_n a_o man_n may_v likewise_o be_v disable_v and_o become_v insoluent_a by_o as_o many_o casualty_n and_o act_n of_o honest_a and_o good_a intention_n and_o consequent_o become_v a_o debtor_n and_o be_v cast_v into_o prison_n thereupon_o as_o by_o suretyship_n bail_n or_o security_n for_o kinsman_n friend_n or_o other_o likewise_o by_o loan_n unto_o they_o who_o pay_v not_o again_o also_o by_o falsehood_n of_o friend_n servant_n and_o other_o put_v in_o trust_n with_o money_n evidence_n office_n trade_n and_o land_n again_o by_o move_v a_o just_a suit_n in_o law_n where_o may_v practice_n or_o falsehood_n overbear_v he_o or_o many_o year_n suit_n consume_v he_o also_o by_o fire_n water_n shipwreck_n and_o such_o like_a sudden_a and_o unresistable_a accident_n at_o sea_n or_o at_o land_n by_o robbery_n of_o thief_n and_o pirate_n by_o unprofitable_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o land_n lease_n merchandise_n etc._n etc._n by_o arrest_v seizure_n or_o pretence_n and_o detriment_n of_o foreign_a prince_n by_o sudden_a loss_n of_o friend_n or_o master_n on_o who_o favour_n any_o man_n estate_n depend_v also_o by_o error_n in_o make_v or_o keep_v reckon_n and_o account_n or_o by_o lose_v or_o not_o call_v for_o acquitance_n bill_n bond_n release_v or_o engagement_n and_o assurance_n for_o warranties_n annuity_n dower_n joyncture_n legacy_n and_o such_o like_a by_o vsuror_n and_o usury_n eat_v up_o a_o man_n estate_n by_o interest_n and_o forfeiture_n and_o by_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o mean_n whereby_o no_o man_n be_v secure_v but_o may_v become_v a_o debtor_n and_o insoluent_a and_o this_o law_n take_v no_o consideration_n or_o admit_v no_o information_n hereof_o but_o in_o summo_fw-la jure_fw-la juâ—_n summuâ—_n juâ—_n give_v the_o whole_a forfeiture_n without_o any_o conscionable_a respect_n and_o the_o after_o proceed_n be_v suitable_a for_o after_o judgement_n though_o the_o debtor_n by_o his_o good_n discharge_v ninety_o and_o nine_o pound_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n principal_a yet_o the_o body_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v imprison_v till_o he_o pay_v the_o whole_a forfeiture_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o he_o have_v no_o good_n nor_o chattel_n or_o not_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o whole_a his_o body_n shall_v be_v imprison_v for_o the_o rest_n till_o he_o make_v payment_n or_o agreement_n marlebridge_n cap._n 23_o anno_fw-la 52_o h._n 3_o etc._n etc._n so_o every_o way_n it_o be_v in_o the_o absolute_a will_n and_o power_n of_o the_o creditor_n to_o cast_v the_o debtor_n body_n into_o prison_n when_o in_o all_o conscience_n and_o equity_n if_o he_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o pay_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v let_v out_o of_o prison_n or_o not_o to_o be_v imprison_v at_o all_o because_o the_o debtor_n body_n can_v give_v no_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o creditor_n be_v in_o itself_o consider_v some_o prisoner_n have_v mean_n and_o be_v willing_a cannoâ—_n mean_v to_o pay_v &_o yet_o cannoâ—_n but_o can_v pay_v either_o because_o the_o present_a power_n of_o their_o estate_n be_v not_o in_o they_o or_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n that_o they_o can_v sell_v or_o receive_v payment_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o worth_n for_o scarce_o any_o will_v buy_v a_o prisoner_n land_n lease_n or_o good_n at_o half_a the_o worth_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o other_o interress_v without_o who_o consent_n he_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o or_o the_o estate_n be_v entangle_v with_o dower_n joyncture_n warranties_n assurance_n statute_n etc._n etc._n some_o have_v not_o mean_n sufficient_a to_o pay_v all_o and_o some_o
circumstantibus_fw-la and_o empannell_n they_o that_o be_v to_o take_v other_o person_n of_o the_o stander_n by_o which_o be_v do_v before_o the_o judge_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trial_n when_o the_o jury_n have_v deliver_v up_o their_o verdict_n execution_n verdict_n judgement_n and_o execution_n if_o nothing_o be_v allege_v in_o respite_n of_o judgement_n than_o judgement_n be_v have_v of_o course_n and_o alsoe_o execution_n be_v award_v to_o be_v execute_v as_o the_o final_a end_n of_o law_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v three_o mean_n to_o dissolve_v the_o say_a judgement_n and_o execution_n namely_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o attaint_n a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o a_o audita_fw-la quaerela_fw-la which_o writ_n be_v ground_v upon_o equity_n by_o law_n and_o conscience_n the_o writ_n of_o attaint_n be_v not_o only_o tedious_a and_o thargeable_a attaint_n write_v of_o attaint_n but_o also_o never_o for_o seldom_o try_v for_o the_o same_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o party_n grieve_v against_o the_o twelve_o man_n and_o the_o party_n for_o who_o the_o sentence_n be_v give_v and_o whereas_o before_o common_o upon_o the_o first_o enquest_n they_o be_v all_o yeoman_n or_o man_n of_o mean_a call_n now_o upon_o this_o attaint_n must_v go_v twenty_o four_o gentleman_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o forty_o eight_o must_v be_v warn_v to_o appear_v then_o there_o must_v in_o the_o attaint_n no_o more_o evidence_n be_v bring_v in_o but_o only_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o allege_v before_o the_o first_o enquest_n which_o not_o appear_v of_o record_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v make_v a_o plain_a matter_n again_o gentleman_n and_o other_o be_v loath_a to_o discredit_v their_o neighbour_n yet_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o apparent_a that_o they_o must_v needs_o find_v they_o attaint_v then_o mean_n be_v find_v to_o defer_v the_o judgement_n and_o it_o may_v be_v the_o party_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o agreement_n or_o at_o the_o least_o one_o of_o they_o that_o be_v of_o the_o attaint_v juror_n will_v die_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o then_o the_o attaint_n cease_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o party_n be_v in_o prison_n which_o bring_v the_o writ_n of_o attaint_n he_o may_v be_v bail_v as_o be_v in_o natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la the_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v more_o easy_a error_n write_v of_o error_n and_o be_v heretofore_o usual_a to_o prolong_v suit_n in_o law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o jeofaile_v be_v make_v mean_v in_o good_a french_a i'ay_fw-fr failly_fw-fr for_o every_o small_a error_n if_o it_o be_v but_o false_a latin_a will_v overthrow_v a_o cause_n but_o now_o it_o run_v into_o another_o extreme_a for_o if_o the_o party_n grieve_v speak_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n and_o show_v some_o material_a error_n upon_o motion_n make_v the_o adverse_a party_n may_v have_v it_o amend_v as_o often_o as_o error_n be_v open_v the_o record_n therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v first_o remove_v and_o not_o only_o by_o transcript_n be_v put_v into_o another_o court_n but_o the_o party_n be_v to_o plead_v thereunto_o in_o nullo_n est_fw-la erratum_fw-la and_o then_o the_o danger_n of_o open_v error_n be_v pass_v if_o there_o be_v no_o trick_n use_v in_o amend_v of_o the_o record_n under_o hand_n wherein_o lie_v a_o cerciorare_fw-la to_o satisfy_v the_o court_n where_o the_o record_n be_v bring_v namely_o from_o the_o common_a plea_n to_o the_o king_n bench_n court_n from_o the_o king_n bench_n to_o the_o exchequer_n which_o heretofore_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o the_o party_n grieve_v and_o in_o prison_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n can_v be_v bailable_a upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n after_o judgement_n and_o execution_n as_o he_o be_v upon_o a_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n for_o this_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n challenge_v some_o priority_n herein_o quaerela_fw-la the_o writ_n of_o audita_fw-la quaerela_fw-la the_o writ_n of_o audita_fw-la quaerela_fw-la be_v grant_v out_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n court_n if_o the_o judgement_n do_v depend_v there_o and_o returnable_a in_o the_o say_a court_n or_o else_o out_o of_o the_o chancery_n returnable_a in_o the_o king_n bench_n whereupon_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n take_v four_o bail_n in_o the_o vacation_n time_n before_o a_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o matter_n do_v mere_o depend_v upon_o the_o bail_n the_o suggestion_n of_o the_o writ_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n be_v a_o late_a contract_n after_o judgement_n and_o execution_n a_o escape_n in_o law_n if_o the_o prisoner_n be_v by_o the_o gaoler_n permit_v to_o go_v abroad_o without_o the_o king_n writ_n or_o if_o he_o break_v prison_n in_o which_o case_n the_o gaoler_n be_v to_o pay_v the_o debt_n or_o upon_o a_o payment_n make_v since_o the_o execution_n also_o a_o wrong_a recovery_n by_o a_o executor_n who_o the_o prerogative_n court_n do_v afterward_o disavow_v such_o and_o the_o like_a suggestion_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o another_o jury_n upon_o evidence_n to_o be_v produce_v to_o prove_v the_o say_a allegation_n law_n a_o strict_a law_n this_o common_a law_n be_v so_o strict_a that_o the_o proverb_n be_v summum_fw-la ius_fw-la summa_fw-la iniuria_fw-la for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n have_v issue_n two_o son_n the_o elder_a son_n go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o because_o a_o common_a voice_n be_v that_o he_o be_v dead_a the_o young_a brother_n be_v take_v for_o heite_n the_o father_n die_v the_o young_a brother_n enter_v as_o heir_n and_o alienate_v the_o land_n with_o a_o warranty_n and_o die_v without_o any_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n and_o after_o the_o elder_a brother_n come_v again_o and_o claim_v the_o land_n as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o law_n the_o elder_a brother_n shall_v be_v bar_v by_o the_o warranty_n of_o the_o young_a brother_n again_o partner_n can_v sue_v each_o other_o by_o the_o law_n law_n partner_n can_v sue_v each_o other_o by_o the_o law_n if_o two_o man_n have_v a_o wood_n joint_o and_o the_o one_o sell_v the_o wood_n and_o keep_v all_o the_o money_n whole_o to_o himself_o in_o this_o case_n his_o fellow_n shall_v have_v no_o remedy_n against_o he_o by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o as_o they_o when_o they_o take_v the_o wood_n joint_o put_v each_o other_o in_o trust_n and_o be_v content_v to_o occupy_v and_o deal_v together_o so_o the_o law_n suffer_v they_o to_o order_v the_o profit_n thereof_o the_o law_n therefore_o be_v not_o complete_a without_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n or_o equity_n for_o the_o imperfection_n and_o rigour_n of_o it_o be_v qualify_v thereby_o call_v to_o be_v aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la which_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o this_o case_n two_o stranger_n joint_o do_v deliver_v in_o trust_n unto_o a_o widow_n woman_n a_o round_a sum_n of_o money_n with_o condition_n not_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o out_o of_o her_o hand_n but_o when_o they_o both_o shall_v demand_v the_o same_o within_o a_o while_n after_o one_o of_o they_o come_v unto_o she_o and_o do_v assure_v she_o by_o good_a indices_fw-la and_o probability_n that_o the_o other_o his_o companion_n be_v dead_a and_o thereupon_o do_v entreat_v she_o to_o deliver_v he_o the_o money_n which_o she_o do_v not_o suspect_v any_o fraud_n so_o the_o party_n go_v away_o with_o the_o money_n afterward_o come_v the_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v dead_a and_o demand_v the_o money_n of_o the_o woman_n and_o understand_v that_o she_o have_v pay_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o other_o be_v much_o offend_v therewith_o and_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v adiourn_v before_o the_o judge_n the_o woman_n appear_v do_v declare_v the_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o truth_n show_v how_o the_o other_o have_v deceive_v she_o and_o she_o do_v whole_o rely_v upon_o the_o integrity_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o judge_n equity_n example_n of_o law_n and_o equity_n here_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n may_v have_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o woman_n by_o the_o law_n and_o cause_v she_o to_o seek_v the_o party_n that_o have_v deceive_v she_o but_o the_o judge_n temper_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n do_v give_v sentence_n that_o the_o woman_n shall_v pay_v the_o money_n unto_o the_o party_n so_o as_o he_o bring_v his_o companion_n with_o he_o to_o demand_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o covenant_n they_o both_o joint_o have_v repose_v a_o trust_n in_o she_o here_o i_o call_v to_o mind_v the_o question_n which_o no_o judge_n can_v determine_v a_o covetous_a doctor_n at_o the_o civil_a law_n will_v not_o instruct_v a_o young_a student_n unless_o he_o do_v pay_v he_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n whereunto_o the_o student_n do_v condescend_v conditional_o that_o he_o shall_v
king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n in_o the_o year_n 1328_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o flowerdeluce_n as_o good_a in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n as_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o be_v then_o worth_a but_o twenty_o sou_n tournois_n common_o account_v to_o be_v two_o shilling_n sterling_a in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o french_a ell_n or_o yard_n of_o velvet_n be_v worth_a four_o liver_n which_o be_v four_o crown_n or_o eight_o shilling_n sterling_a the_o say_a ell_n of_o velvet_n do_v now_o cost_v ten_o liver_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v then_o value_v at_o two_o shilling_n be_v now_o value_v at_o fifty_o sou_n or_o five_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o crown_n do_v make_v the_o say_v twenty_o shilling_n yet_o the_o say_a french_a crown_n do_v not_o contain_v more_o gold_n in_o weight_n or_o fineness_n than_o before_o and_o consequent_o the_o velvet_n be_v not_o now_o dear_a than_o it_o be_v then_o the_o gentleman_n that_o have_v now_o five_o hundred_o liver_n by_o the_o year_n to_o spend_v have_v no_o more_o than_o he_o that_o have_v one_o hundred_o liver_n to_o spend_v in_o those_o day_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n he_o proceed_v for_o corn_n wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v that_o the_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v but_o imaginary_a and_o a_o vain_a opinion_n to_o conceive_v that_o thing_n shall_v be_v dear_a now_o than_o in_o those_o day_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n although_o the_o same_o be_v give_v in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n it_o be_v receive_v this_o say_v monsieur_n malestroit_n be_v a_o old_a and_o common_a error_n root_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o most_o man_n that_o be_v far_o from_o the_o mark_n and_o without_o their_o reckon_n as_o he_o will_v manifest_v in_o the_o former_a term_n in_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o king_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n the_o french_a crown_n aforesaid_a be_v worth_a but_o twenty_o sou_n which_o be_v now_o currant_n for_o fifty_o sou_n the_o gentleman_n that_o have_v fifty_o sou_n rend_v or_o income_n do_v receive_v for_o it_o two_o crown_n and_o ahalfe_n or_o so_o much_o in_o silver_n according_o for_o which_o two_o crown_n and_o a_o half_a he_o have_v half_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o velvet_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o four_o liver_n the_o yard_n which_o be_v the_o price_n of_o velvet_n then_o now_o for_o this_o fifty_o sou_n the_o gentleman_n do_v receive_v but_o one_o crown_n or_o so_o much_o of_o silver_n money_n and_o for_o that_o one_o crown_n now_o he_o can_v buy_v but_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n of_o velvet_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o liver_n that_o velvet_n be_v now_o worth_a whereas_o before_o he_o have_v half_o a_o yard_n and_o half_a a_o quarter_n although_o he_o have_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n for_o fifty_o sol_n which_o be_v the_o price_n for_o which_o he_o receive_v the_o say_a crown_n and_o so_o proceed_v with_o other_o the_o like_a example_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n with_o silver_n coin_n or_o in_o the_o receive_n of_o rent_n or_o income_n add_v further_o thereunto_o that_o if_o any_o man_n will_v object_v and_o say_v i_o care_v not_o what_o the_o crown_n liver_n or_o sou_n be_v worth_a so_o as_o i_o have_v a_o hundred_o liver_n of_o rent_n pay_v i_o and_o that_o i_o can_v pay_v out_o again_o the_o say_v hundred_o liver_n this_o man_n say_v he_o must_v then_o make_v proof_n that_o he_o can_v have_v now_o as_o much_o ware_n for_o two_o sou_n as_o he_o can_v have_v have_v in_o time_n pass_v for_o two_o sou_n which_o be_v of_o fine_a silver_n and_o now_o almost_o of_o copper_n and_o in_o do_v so_o he_o shall_v make_v a_o three_o paradox_n more_o strange_a than_o the_o former_a for_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o prove_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v become_v better_a cheap_a which_o can_v be_v prove_v the_o substance_n and_o intention_n of_o these_o two_o paradox_n be_v say_v he_o to_o show_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n do_v buy_v all_o thing_n as_o dear_a as_o in_o time_n past_a for_o that_o they_o must_v give_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o by_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o money_n of_o gold_n from_o whence_o of_o necessity_n proceed_v the_o abate_n of_o the_o silver_n money_n they_o inhaunce_v of_o gold_n abate_v the_o silver_n in_o regard_n of_o proportion_n between_o they_o the_o king_n do_v not_o receive_v in_o payment_n of_o his_o revenue_n such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o his_o predecessor_n in_o like_a manner_n noblemen_z and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v great_a revenue_n and_o incombe_n do_v not_o receive_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o king_n be_v in_o copper_n in_o lieu_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o which_o copper_n according_a to_o the_o second_o paradox_n they_o can_v have_v so_o much_o ware_n as_o they_o may_v have_v for_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n so_o that_o the_o loss_n which_o we_o have_v by_o the_o grow_a dear_a of_o all_o thing_n come_v not_o by_o give_v more_o but_o by_o receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o before_o whereby_o we_o see_v manifest_o that_o the_o more_o we_o do_v enhance_v the_o price_n of_o money_n the_o more_o we_o lose_v mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n the_o famous_a and_o learned_a politician_n politician_n the_o great_a french_a politician_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v a_o answer_n unto_o those_o two_o paradox_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o set_v down_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v five_o in_o number_n namely_o 1_o the_o principal_a and_o almost_o only_a cause_n the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o extant_a in_o the_o kingdom_n more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a 2_o the_o monopoly_n 3_o the_o want_n of_o thing_n cause_v by_o excessive_a trade_n and_o waste_v thereof_o 4_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n that_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n 5_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n to_o prove_v the_o first_o case_n and_o principal_a he_o allege_v diverse_a example_n plutarch_n and_o pliny_n do_v witness_n wealth_n example_n of_o great_a wealth_n that_o paulus_n aemilius_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o macedon_n against_o the_o persian_n do_v bring_v such_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o rome_n that_o the_o people_n be_v free_v of_o all_o impost_n and_o the_o price_n of_o land_n advance_v unto_o two_o three_o part_n sudden_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n bring_v such_o great_a treasure_n from_o egypt_n that_o the_o price_n of_o usury_n do_v decrease_v and_o land_n become_v much_o dear_a and_o the_o like_a at_o jerusalem_n by_o the_o come_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o candace_n and_o in_o the_o west_n indies_n by_o the_o spaniard_n conquest_n there_o and_o hereunto_o he_o make_v a_o comparison_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o time_n past_a etc._n the_o french_a king_n john_n in_o england_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o ransom_n of_o prince_n take_v prisoner_n in_o those_o day_n and_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o wealth_n by_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n the_o propagation_n of_o the_o people_n in_o france_n their_o trade_n for_o turkey_n and_o barbary_n their_o bank_n at_o lion_n and_o other_o accident_n concern_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o monopoly_n he_o do_v pass_v over_o the_o same_o as_o a_o matter_n not_o considerable_a and_o do_v limit_v monopoly_n only_o to_o the_o combination_n of_o merchant_n and_o artificer_n in_o the_o set_n of_o a_o price_n to_o commodity_n or_o their_o handy_a work_n by_o augment_v their_o wage_n touch_v the_o three_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o want_n or_o waste_v of_o they_o he_o observe_v some_o especial_a thing_n that_o corn_n and_o wine_n be_v better_a cheap_a during_o the_o time_n of_o war_n than_o peace_n because_o the_o husbandman_n be_v drive_v to_o sell_v and_o to_o make_v money_n of_o his_o ware_n and_o the_o gentleman_n find_v the_o same_o perishable_a when_o the_o merchant_n dare_v not_o lade_v his_o ship_n do_v abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o make_v the_o people_n to_o live_v good_a cheap_a which_o according_a to_o the_o proverb_n france_n can_v never_o be_v famish_v will_v always_o continue_v france_n the_o fertility_n of_o france_n if_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o stranger_n their_o storehouse_n be_v not_o empty_v concern_v the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n impose_v a_o price_n upon_o commodity_n
which_o they_o do_v affect_v plato_n say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n in_o state_n matter_n that_o prince_n do_v not_o only_o give_v law_n unto_o their_o subject_n but_o also_o by_o their_o example_n they_o do_v change_v the_o manner_n of_o man_n man_n the_o example_n of_o prince_n do_v change_v the_o manner_n of_o man_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o do_v use_v the_o example_n of_o their_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o who_o be_v hurt_v in_o the_o head_n cause_v his_o hair_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o wherein_o the_o people_n do_v present_o imitate_v he_o we_o have_v see_v say_v he_o three_o great_a prince_n strive_v as_o it_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o best_a artificer_n namely_o the_o say_v great_a king_n francis_n the_o first_o henry_n the_o 8_o king_n of_o england_n and_o pope_n paul_n the_o three_o insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n can_v never_o have_v the_o learned_a and_o reverend_a beda_n and_o the_o french_a king_n do_v pay_v seventie_o two_o thousand_o crown_n for_o a_o diamond_n rather_o than_o king_n henry_n shall_v have_v have_v it_o hereupon_o present_o the_o people_n do_v give_v themselves_o to_o study_v and_o to_o buy_v precious_a stone_n when_o the_o nobility_n do_v imitate_v the_o king_n and_o when_o the_o king_n give_v over_o the_o same_o the_o price_n of_o they_o be_v much_o abate_v if_o any_o man_n shall_v here_o object_v say_v monsieur_n bodin_n that_o if_o thing_n shall_v still_o become_v dear_a partly_o through_o the_o waste_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o live_v because_o of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v true_a but_o the_o war_n and_o calamity_n happen_v to_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v stay_v the_o course_n of_o it_o as_o we_o may_v note_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v live_v with_o scarcity_n and_o to_o speak_v proper_o in_o want_n and_o misery_n almost_o five_o hundred_o year_n when_o they_o have_v but_o copper_n money_n of_o a_o pound_n weight_n weight_n copper_n money_n of_o one_o pound_n weight_n and_o without_o stamp_n for_o their_o gold_n and_o silver_n come_v unto_o they_o in_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n by_o the_o spoil_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o rome_n by_o the_o scipion_n paul_n emilyus_fw-la marius_n sylla_n lucullus_n pompey_n and_o caesar_n especial_o by_o the_o two_o last_o for_o pompey_n do_v conquer_v so_o much_o land_n roman_n great_a wealth_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o make_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o be_v eight_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o crown_n caesar_n notwithstanding_o all_o his_o prodigality_n bring_v to_o the_o treasury_n forty_o million_o of_o crown_n have_v give_v at_o one_o time_n unto_o paul_n consul_n 900_o thousand_o crown_n to_o hold_v silence_n and_o unto_o curion_n tribune_n 1500_o thousand_o crown_n to_o take_v his_o part_n mark_v anthony_n go_v further_o as_o plutarch_n and_o appian_n have_v write_v for_o he_o give_v unto_o his_o army_n for_o their_o service_n do_v 200_o thousand_o talent_n be_v 120_o million_o of_o crown_n so_o do_v adrian_n the_o emperor_n to_o have_v the_o good_a will_n of_o forty_o legion_n give_v ten_o million_o whereby_o appear_v great_a abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o have_v be_v at_o rome_n but_o it_o do_v not_o last_v ever_o for_o in_o less_o than_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o parth_n goth_n hercules_n hongres_n and_o other_o cruel_a nation_n do_v overcome_v the_o empire_n and_o all_o italy_n and_o overcome_v the_o roman_n burn_v their_o city_n and_o take_v the_o spoil_n of_o they_o the_o like_a do_v happen_v unto_o all_o commonweal_n to_o wax_n and_o increase_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o to_o flourish_v for_o a_o time_n in_o wealth_n and_o power_n commonweal_n the_o property_n of_o commonweal_n and_o afterward_o to_o grow_v old_a and_o decline_v until_o they_o be_v utter_o ruinate_v and_o destroy_v touch_v the_o last_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n he_o show_v how_o monsieur_n malestroit_n have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n in_o the_o money_n themselves_o make_v within_o three_o hundred_o year_n for_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o saint_n lewis_n cause_v the_o first_o sol_n to_o be_v coin_a worth_a twelve_o denier_n whereof_o sixty_o four_o piece_n go_v to_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n and_o that_o in_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n his_o time_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o flower_n de_fw-fr luce_n without_o number_n and_o as_o good_a as_o the_o crown_n now_o be_v value_v but_o at_o twenty_o sol_n and_o that_o afterwards_o king_n john_n cause_v the_o frankes_n to_o be_v make_v of_o sine_fw-la gold_n which_o be_v but_o value_v twenty_o sol_n and_o that_o the_o sol_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a five_o of_o our_o sol_n he_o do_v not_o say_v of_o what_o weight_n and_o fineness_n the_o money_n be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o in_o conclusion_n he_o say_v that_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n be_v not_o alter_v by_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n but_o if_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n according_a to_o his_o wisdom_n and_o deep_a judgement_n in_o other_o matter_n have_v due_o consider_v of_o these_o two_o paradox_n he_o will_v have_v make_v a_o direct_a answer_n thereunto_o before_o he_o will_v have_v proceed_v in_o his_o former_a discourse_n the_o first_o paradox_n be_v consider_v with_o the_o second_o will_v show_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n or_o contrariety_n paradox_n the_o contratierie_a of_o the_o paradox_n for_o the_o first_o do_v consist_v in_o give_v of_o more_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n now_o than_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o deni_v and_o the_o second_o in_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o than_o in_o time_n past_a which_o he_o affirm_v which_o both_o way_n be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o nature_n of_o commutation_n now_o if_o we_o do_v not_o give_v more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o commodity_n than_o in_o time_n past_a how_o can_v we_o receive_v less_o commodity_n for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o thereby_o receive_v a_o loss_n as_o in_o the_o second_o paradox_n be_v allege_v again_o if_o we_o do_v receive_v less_o quantity_n of_o commodity_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o in_o time_n past_a according_a to_o the_o second_o paradox_n whereby_o we_o sustain_v a_o loss_n how_o can_v the_o first_o paradox_n be_v true_a that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a for_o that_o we_o give_v no_o more_o quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o in_o time_n past_a commodity_n and_o money_n lie_v by_o this_o comparison_n in_o a_o equal_a balance_n but_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o monsieur_n malestroit_n have_v a_o intention_n which_o he_o may_v have_v express_v in_o few_o word_n if_o he_o have_v the_o true_a ground_n and_o understand_v the_o matter_n he_o go_v about_o by_o prove_v only_o that_o when_o money_n do_v alter_v in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n or_o in_o valuation_n etc._n cause_n of_o the_o denomination_n of_o money_n etc._n etc._n or_o in_o all_o three_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n do_v alter_v only_o by_o denomination_n if_o the_o valuation_n be_v make_v according_o yet_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n have_v not_o make_v a_o good_a interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a paradox_n and_o mistake_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n touch_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n which_o he_o compare_v within_o themselves_o in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n whereas_o the_o comparison_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o thereby_o find_v out_o whether_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a with_o we_o or_o with_o they_o in_o effect_n so_o that_o they_o both_o mistake_v their_o ground_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o say_a treatise_n that_o they_o have_v lose_v ariadne_n her_o line_n wherewith_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o money_n and_o their_o property_n before_o declare_v be_v like_a unto_o a_o man_n who_o have_v lose_v his_o way_n among_o the_o wood_n the_o further_o he_o go_v the_o more_o he_o err_v from_o the_o right_a way_n to_o entreat_v therefore_o of_o commodity_n and_o money_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n between_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n be_v not_o sufficient_a but_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o they_o must_v be_v regard_v as_o the_o principal_a and_o overrule_a part_n thereof_o for_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v frame_v a_o silogisme_n in_o manner_n follow_v he_o shall_v find_v the_o same_o full_a of_o fallacy_n and_o misprision_n nay_o a_o very_a dilemma_n nothing_o cause_v merchant_n to_o export_v more_o money_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n than_o they_o bring_v