Chest for although there may seem many particulars yet there wanteth at the least forty more that may not in true method be omitted in a due proportion as namely all the instruments for manual uses and operations all the most useful of which are expressed in an Index following the Preface in the beginning of the Book Place this Chest betwixt Fol. 26. and 27. AN ABRIDGMENT OF The vertues of certain EMPLAISTERS mentioned which are most usual in the SURGEONS Chest Emplastrum stipticum Paracelsi THis composition devised by the famous Philosophers Philippus Theophrastus and Paracelsus excelleth in the cure of piercing wounds and stabs as also in the cure of all dangerous wounds whatsoever it hath the precedence as well for contused as incised wounds for it asswageth pain defendeth from accidents discusseth mollifieth attracteth incarneth digesteth and consolidates and is also good for an old ach proceeding of a cold cause It is further especially good for ulcers on the leggs or elsewhere in any part of the body it is of temperament warm and very comfortable For approbation whereof you may see Paracelsus his own words which I have here inserted Hoc Emplastrum est magis vertutis divinae quam humanae Valet ad omnes plagas novas antiquas Abstergit mundificat carnem bonam generat consolidat ex fundo plus una septimana quam aliâ—d quodcunque in mense nec permittit fieri aliquam putrefactionem corruptionem nec malam carnem generat Valet omnibus nervis incisis ut conquassatis musculis Valet omnibus inflaturis abstrabit ferrum lignum plumbum de plaga eidem suppositum Valet contra omnes morsuras cujuscunque morsurae bestiae venenosae puncturas Serpentis maturat sanat omne generatum cujuscunque Apostumatis superpositum Valet in membris generationis si ibi fuerit corruptio Valet contra Cancrum fistulas contra ignem persicum sedat dolores cujuscunque plagae Haec Theophrast Bombast Diachilon magnum cum gummis THis Emplaister dissolveth maturateth and mollifieth hardnesses and is principally good in Apostumes it is of temperament warm and moist It was first devised by a certain Artist named Serapis Avicenna as some think invented it but others judge that Mesues was the inventor thereof Diachilon parvum THis Emplaister is very good to dissolve schirras tumours of the liver spleen reins belly or elsewhere it is wholly composed of mollifying and discussing ingredients it serveth generally for hot or cold causes but chiefly for hot For I hold it to be of temperament cold the rather by reason of the much Litharge in it which if a mineral may be called either hot or cold Litharge cold it is without question It was devised by Mesues Diacalcitheos THis Emplaster mitigateth pain it is a good defensative against all venemous humours and will very well induce a cicatrice in wounds and ulcers also it hath an especial good quality to asswage the pain in the small of the back proceeding from distempered kidnies by hot causes aswell concerning the stone and gravel as in the Gonorrea and dissolved or relented with oyl of roses or elders or of linseed it is a very good medicine to heal burnings and scaldings It was devised first by Galenus of temperament it is cooling and drying Empl. Oxicrâ—ceum THis is a very ancient composition but ascribed chiefly to Nicolaus an ancient Writer as Author thereof it is of quality anodine attracting mollifying and comforting asswageth pains in the gout proceeding of a cold cause and is good in cold Aches and by that attracting vertue it hath it draweth out vapors per por os cutis or the sweat vents in the skin whereby it often unladeth the body of vicious and noisome humors which otherwise might indanger the Patient of temperament it is hot and moist c. Empl. Melilotum per splen THis Emplaster mollifieth all hardnesse of the liver spleen and ventricle dissolveth windinesse ceaseth vehement pains provoked by wind as namely in the disease called flatus hypocrondriacus which is a flatuous or windy pain gathered near unto the Spleen it is also generally good against the gathering together of any congealed cold substance in the stomack or liver of temperament it is warm and comforting exceedingly It was devised by Meâ—ues an ancient writer Empl. Melilotum simplex THis is good in green wounds for it draweth and healeth well also â—t attracteth and bringeth forward a cold Apostume and is an especial secret and the best thing I ever knew in curing kybed heels and chilblains it is of temperament hot and moist and was devised by Mesues Emplastrum de lapide calaminari or Grisium THis Emplaster I may speak of my own experience is a good healer of ulcers which are hard to be cicatrized and hath an especial vertue in curing of buboes as well venereal as pestilential It is also the best incarnative of all the Plasters that ever I used Emplastrum de Minio THis Minium-plaster is a good discusser of hot humors a good swager of pains mollifieth well repelleth somewhat and is very commodiously used upon wounds and ulcers to further good healing it induceth also a good cicatrice In the tumour of scrâ—tum or rather of the Testicles called Hernia humoralis commonly following the sudden stopping of Gonorrae it is a very convenient anodine and discussing Plaster This Emplaster likewise is very good to asswage pain in any case where safely an anodine Emplaster is required as namely in contused or distorted joynts onely note that this Emplastrum de Minio is meant of the composition set down by that reverent Master Galle in his Dispensatory for I make mine according to his description Emplastrum calidum THis Emplastrum stomachi or calidum is a composition described by Johannes Jacobus Weckerus under that name pag. 953. of his Dispensatory it is onely used where a comforting Emplaster of a very warm temperament is required it is a needful Emplaster of a very warm temperament is required it is a needful Emplaster in the Surgeons Chest for it comforteth much the liver or stomack debilitated by cold humours and helpeth well digestion yet in want thereof Paracelsus Plaster though not so fitly may serve AN ABRIDGMENT OF The vertues of certain Unguents most usual in the SURGEONS Chest Vnguentum Basilicon THis unguent doth digest and incarn wounds and ulcers and will also prepare and bring to suppuration an Apostume either hot or cold being somewhat thick spread on towe or leather and applyed thereto it also mitigateth the pain and pulsation thereof and is likewise very fitly mixed either with praecipitate Unguentum Egyptiacum or the like medicine the more easily and better to mundifie and cleanse an ulcer this unguent is of temperament warm and it is ascribed to have been devised by Galen it is also good for burnings and scaldings Vnguentum Apostolorum THis unguent serveth well to cleanse and scowre ulcers and fistula's and to make a good ground to healing
of the several uses of the same medicine in divers parts of Chirurgery as well as in the opening of tumours but my hast calleth me to the next Wherefore at this time I crave pardon Sal Absinthii Geâ—â—â—ae Nitri VVHat my leisure hath not here permitted me to speak of them or any Salt else I have rehearsed in my Treatise general of Salt in their particular places to which I refer the friendly Reader The Index will guide him thereto Oleum Rosarum OYl of Roses is anodine and doth refrigerate and corroborate and therefore is good against hot diseases as Erysipelas Also with Mel Rosarum it is a good Balm for new wounds of the head and elsewhere and hath divers other worthy uses in Chirurgery Oleum Anetheninum OYl of Dill is anodine and comforting it concocteth crude tumors causeth sleep mitigateth the head-ach refresheth the wearied members strengtheneth the sinews discusseth wind is profitable for convulsions and asswageth aches easeth pains and hath many other good uses Oleum Chamomelinum OYl of Chamomil resolveth moderately and calefieth by anointing the parts grieved is good for the Collick stone wearinesse and for aches fevers and for all other things with the former It is also very convenient in Glisters for all gripings and tortians of the guts and yeeldeth great comfort to the intrails by the good odour and warmth thereof Oleum Lumbricorum OYl of Earth-worms helpeth the aches of the joynts in any part of the body and doth strengthen and comfort well the sinews weakned and pained and is good against convulsions and cramps it is also a good Balme for sinews wounded Oleum Liliorum OYl of Lilies doth moderately warm and resolve asswageth pain mollifieth hard tumours doth much mitigate the violence of diseases and is very effectual against pains of the breast and stomack and allayeth the inordinate heat of the reins and bladder Oleum Hipericonis simplex OYl of St. Johns wort simple is of a thin essence it is of temperament dry and anodine healing sinews pricked or wounded Also it is very profitable to them that have the Sciatica to anoint them against the swellings in the Temples Belly and Leggs through Melancholy and it is of very good use for cold aches and convulsions cramps burnings scaldings and good to cure new wounds Oleum Hipericonis compositum Oleum Aparici or Balme Artificial THese three several names of oyles or different medicines according to that Intend in the Surgeons Chest are but one and the same medicine A better balme then which to heal new wounds the Surgeons Mate need not desire to learn or know Some Writers call it by the name of Oleum Hipericonis cum gummis some Oleum Aparici some Balm Artificial The composition whereof with the rest shall follow It is best to be used in wounds as hot as the Patient can endure it and for the first time rather hotter It is a sure medicine for all venemous wounds all bitings of mad doggs or of venemous worms very hot applyed and the parts about anointed therewith warm remembring in all venemous griefs a Cordial is also requisite In my own practice it is almost all the unctious medicine I ever use for the curing of wounds and contusions and I never repented my self of the use thereof In piercing wounds and stabs it is a medicine a Surgeon may well relye on it will not disgrace him It is a very comfortable medicine against all pains aches and witherings of the outward limbs proceeding of cold causes using it warm with good friction and a plaister of Burgundy pitch spread on leather and applyed thereon or rather Empl. Stipticum Paracelsi I speak this of practice and I could say much more of my own experience touching the praise of this worthy medicine if time would serve but for this present accept of this abridgment Oleum Sambucinum OYle of Elder-flowers doth lenifie and purge the skin is good for the obstructions of the liver helpful for the joynts and nerves pained the parts grieved being anointed therewith given in glisters it procureth stools healeth the yellow Jaundise amendeth belly-ach and easeth the griping pains thereof Oleum Lini OYl of Linseed is anodine cureth convulsions mitigateth the hardnesse of the arteries muscles and nerves asswageth the pain of the Hemorrhoides and helpeth the unnatural clefts chaps and fissures of the fundament Oleum Ovorum OYl of Eggs clenseth the skin taketh away the filthinesse and all the sears thereof occasioned by cuts or bitings or at the least much diminisheth them so that they can hardly be seen it cureth burnings killeth ring-worms healeth excoriations and is prevalent against any ulcer chaps or ill matter arising out of the flesh either in the hands feet arms leggs or in any other part of the body Oleum Laurinum OYl of Bayes is a medicine calefying mollifying opening and discussing it doth much mitigate the Collick delivered into the body by glister it is a present remedy against cold griefs of the brain nerves arteries and loins the parts anointed therewith it represseth the violence of a fever the spina dorsi or region of the back bone anointed therwith it is good for the Palfie Sciatica the hardnesse and pains of the spleen and is much used as well to cure the scab and ring-worm as the Scurvy Oleum Absinthii OYl of wormwood doth calefie and corroborate especially the stomack raiseth an appetite concoeteth crude humours dissipateth and disperseth wind killeth worms and taketh away obstructions proceeding from a cold cause the parts grieved being anointed therewith and likewise it is good in glisters for the like occasions Oleum Papaverum OYl of Poppies cureth the intemperature of heat in the reins and fevers and procureth sleep being anointed on the nose temples or eares maketh lubrick and lenifieth the sharpnesse thereof Oleum Petreoli OYl of Peter is hot and dry and by the tenuity of the essence thereof doth penetrate and digest all excremental matter it is used with profit for the falling sicknesse palsie giddinesse of the head and is good for many other griefs arising from cold causes Oleum Scorpionum Oyl of Scorpions is of especial use to break the stone in the reins and bladder and Manardus commendeth it against the pestilence all contagion and fevers but chiefly in expelling poyson It is likewise good to asswage the pains of the back proceeding by distempered kidnies Oleum Amygdalarum dulcium Oyl of sweet Almonds doth lenifie the roughnesse of the breast and throat as also the hardnesse drinesse of the joynts is good against the consumption of the lungs it is also of good use to be drunk in the hectick fevers it stayeth the cough asswageth the heat of urine healeth ulcers by injection is very good in Colica or Iliaca Passio to be drunk and administred in glisters Oleum Amygdalarum amararum OYl of bitter Almonds doth open obstructions discusseth wind and vapours but chiefly it healeth deafnesse the hissing and pain of the ears
well to incorporate which done and that they are mixed all in one and added to the former the Laudanum is readie onely if you could forbear your Medicine so long that it might afterwards stand in a small Alimbeck of glasse with a blinde head one moneth it would be much the better To compose this Opiate aright is bâ—rd to a Bungler This Medicine though it would put many that professe much knowledge in the Art of the Apothecarie to their trumps truely to prepare it yet to an artist which is a true preparer of Medicines it is plain and pleasant to be done and once done it is for his whole life a sure medicine and will do the work-master credit that useth it I have the rather explained this medicine for that so many grosse and dangerous compositions are daily hatched up and uttered abroad for currant under the name of Laudanum Paracelsi opiati to the extream hazard of the lives of very many and to the great prejudice of the Common-wealth from the danger whereof God deliver each honest Christian And for that the younger sort of Artists should not easily be deceived with false compositions though I confess it is Marks to discern the false from the true Laudanum not possible to espie some cunning deceits which may passe in farre plainer compositions then this is yet take these few notes following when you would buy it for remembrances First note that the medicine is fals if it be uneven I mean if it have any course or grosse thing in it so that it will not all clearly dissolve as a juice of Liquorice well made will Notes of the true Laudanum For this is an infallible rule extracts are the pure parts of things and will wholly dissolve or be dissolved Further note that if either honie or sugar be found in the medicine it is false Also if it be more liquid then the ordinarie bals of Liquorice made up in London it is false or foolishly made and will not keep Also if it retain the lothsome smell of Opium it is not to be trusted Also if it be not merely of one colour so that you see nothing of the ingredients appear at all it cannot be good For assure thy self this composition truely made must be smooth and well smelling of such an indifferent hardnesse that without additions you may roule it into pils and is not greatly ponderous or heavie but it is of an unpleasant taste I must tell thee and therefore I use to give it as I have said in a pill except necessitie by weaknesse of the Patient when he cannot swallow a pill urge the contrary or that I use it in outward griefs as to othache c. Iliaca Passio ILion or Iliaca Passio is a most painful disease proceeding from an A fearful viâ—â—â—ation obstruction of the small guts which suffering nothing to passe downwards causeth a great wringing and pain so that many which are oppressed with this disâ—ase do perish and die a very miserable death ending their dayes with their feces or their own excrements issuing out at their mouthes and it is many times noted for a disease infectious Iliaca and Colica differ in place This woful kind of belly-ache or Iliaca Passio differeth from the Collick in the situation in that it hath his place and being in the smal guts and the chollicke onely in the great guts so that a vomit sometimes giveth ease herein but glisters seldome or never give any help for that seldome any thing will be brought forth downwards though the glisters be never so strong but herein the help that is to be hoped for by glisters is farre better effected by the glister Siringe then by the glister bag for one may deliver it with that Instrument with as great force as you please Causes THe causes of this disease are almost one with the Chollick both which are obstructions in the small or great guts and proceed chiefly of three causes as saith Dominicâ—â— Lâ—â— namely 1 The drinesse of the ordure or excrements 2 Abscessus or a bâ—le or a botch in the guts 3 Thick and drie humours Also this disease sometimes commeth by distemperature of the aire being very cold also by a blow or bruise upon the gut â—lion the inward causes may be very many namely by drinking of poyson or cold water meats of hard digestion binding of the belly and such like Signes or tokens THe signes or tokens whereby this disease is known are as Galen affirmeth 7. Aphoris 19. is an intolerable pain and wringing in the upper part of the guts and no excrements descending downward Sometimes it moveth heavie and sore vomits so that the very feces are vomited upward of which disease or grief scarce any in that kind doe escape as Galen witnesseth lib. 6. cap. 2. I have seen the like in a A fearfull vomiting Rupture by reason of a part of the gut Ilion that was fallen through the Peritoneum into Scrotum that could not be reduced the sick vomited his excrements and died the second day Also much watching sometimes causeth great pain in the small guts or Ilion unrest strong Note Convulsions cold in the extream parts and if any feces be gotten forth of the fundament by any means they being put into water will swimme aloft Item if this grief come of poyson drunke then the Patient will suffer Tremor Cordis soundings debilitie of the faculties of the body and vomit doe commonly goe before the pangs and all these aforesaid signes are usually more vehement and stronger then in the Collick Prognostica VVHen the Iliack cometh with distilling or dropping of urine the partie dieth within seven daies Galen aphoris 44. except an Ague happen so that in the mean time sufficient quantitie of urine do come Item vomit the Hicket foolishnesse or idle convulsions are evilâ— signes Avicen upon the 7. aphor 10. A deadly sign The vomiting upward of the excrements deadly yet young folks escape in this disease sooner then old folks A good sign The Ilion where the pain doth change from place to place is of least danger because it dependeth or proceedeth of winde which is easily rosolved Another The breaking of winde upwards or downwards and stinking much is evil and deadly as also the excrements much stinking is the like Cure Promise nâ— cure IN the cure of this disease no Physician or Chirurgion respecting his credit will take upon him absolutely the cure thereof especially if the Scurvie be confirmed in the patient but with protestation of death if the Patient doe vomit the feces or excrements upward but if the Promise no cure Scurvie be not yet confirmed in the Patient then the cure of this disease differeth little from the cure of the Collick and may be indifferently used and is all one but that onely the stronger medicines and greater diligence is to be used in the Iliack then in the Collick which if
lenifieth the hardnesse of the sinewes and maketh the face and hands fair c. Balsamum Naturale NAtural Balsamum or Opobalsamum is very good for them that are short winded for the obstructions of the liver and for griefs of the stomack it helpeth the consumption of the lungs and causeth an appetite besides the excellent vertue sanative it hath both inwardly and outwardly in the cure of wounds it hath also many other good vertues Oleum Vitrioli OYl of Vitrial is exceeding hot and cold mixed in waters decoctions sirrupes or conserves maketh them in tast tart or sowrish and in colour purple-like delighting them that are sick of fevers freeth obstructions recreateth the bowels and is very effectual in the pestilence falling sicknesse palsie and stopping of urine See more hereof in the treatise of Salt Oleum sulphuris per Campanam OYl of Sulphur made from the humide vapours thereof is good to make the teeth white to take away the morphew cureth venereal ulcers expelleth diseases arising from wind or cold is good against the falling sicknesse shortnesse of breath evil affections of the lungs easeth the tooth-ach and is being well prepared a true cordial medicine Oleum Garyophilorum OYl of Cloves not unlike to Opobalsamum in strength doth sweeten the breath driveth away putrede humours discusseth wind openeth the pores of the liver digesteth cold humours dissipateth the melancholick humours healeth old and new ulcers stayeth the putrefaction of the bones and asswageth the pain of the teeth proceeding from a cold cause Oleum Macis OYl of Mace doth calefie and digest cold humours roborate the stomack helpeth concoction raiseth an appetite aud procureth many other benefits to him that useth it Oleum Philosophorum OYl of Philosophers or of tile-stones or brick-bats the eldest is the best very like it is to Oleum Petreoleum in vertue it doth attenuate and penetrate upward digesteth and consumeth all excremental matter and is profitable for cold affections of the spleen reins bladder nerves womb and joynts for the Lethargie Apoplexie and falling sicknesse and many other the like griefs Oleum Anisi OYl of Anise-seeds prevaileth against the collick arising from wind and cold against the Tympany inflation and crudity of the stomack against the gripings and the crying of the intestines c. Oleum Terebinthinae OYl of Turpentine is taken inwardly for shortnesse of breath the ptysick against the stone the collick cold and windy affections of the breast it is outwardly used for to heal sinews wounded or troubled with any intemperature also to fill ulcers with flesh and knit them up leaving no cicatrice in them Oleum Juniperiunm OYl of Juniper is commended for the cure of the morphew of the skin it provoketh urine and agreeth with the cure of diseases of the reins it is good to be taken certain drops thereof against any pestilential vapours for the stone it is also good and to be drunk certain drops against penetrating wounds Oleum Spicae OYl of Spike doth calefie attenuate discusse and is very profitable to them that have the Gout proceeding of a cold cause or to comfort any member benummed also it is good against the falling sicknesse and convulsions the temples nape of the neck yea and the whole head to be anointed therewith is very profitable Oleum Antimonii OYl of Antimony or Stibium is good for them that have convulsions or any astonishing disease and other evil affections of the brain four grains thereof drunk it asswageth the pain of the gout and collick cureth fevers helpeth the bladder ulcerated and wonderfully helpeth the Canker Fistula phagedena the fretting or eating pockes the wolfe and all other sorts of ulcers Oleum Succini Chimice OYl of Amber helpeth the pain in the head resolution of the sinews and falling evil if one dop or two be taken with water of Betony or Lavender or in fair water it preserveth also from poyson and mixed with parsley water or Malmesey is a singular remedy in discussing diseases of the reins and bladder bringing forth the stone and opening the passages of the urine it profiteth in the collick and strangullion Four drops put into a little Angelica water and so given to a woman in travel refresheth all the weak faculties of the body confirmeth and openeth the brain Oleum Absinthii Chimice OYl of wormwood is good for the stomack to strengthen it to stay vomiting to kill worms asswageth the pain of the teeth and is used in agues Oleum Origani OYl of Origanum cureth malancholy helpeth the dropsie and cureth the cough the quartane fever and the tooth ach Syrupus Absinthii SIrupe of wormwood is said to corroborate the stomack help concoction cause an appetite discusse wind open the veins and to move urine kill worms c. Syrupus Limonum SIrupe of Limons is Cordial and refrigerating and I may say calefying too it doth please and profit the appetite and comforteth all that are sick of the pestilence continual and contagious fevers as also all diseases on which exceeding great heat attendeth cheareth up the heavy heart and dispelleth sorrow therefrom and against all obstructions of the spleen it is a good help and also well approved in the cure of the Scurvy Syrupus Papaverum SIrupe of white Poppies hath an astringent quality it procureth fleep helpeth the cough hindereth the humours which distill from the head into the throat tickling and is of precious use against the Palsie if it be used in the beginning thereof Syrupus Cinamomi SIrupe of Cynamon is commended to be very good to old men that are cold and weak and to them whose vigour humidity and natural heat diminisheth it nourisheth much begetteth blood and quickneth all the vitall parts Syrupus Rosarum simplex SIrupe of Roses simple doth quench thirst especially in fevers mitigateth their heat refrigerateth the stomack and liver being very hot Syrupus Rosarum solutivarum SIrupe of Roses solutive is used as a gentle and safe purge both to old and young when they are molested either with burning or pestilent fevers or any hot distemperature of the body Syrupus Violarum SIrupe of Violets doth break the acrimony of melancholy tempereth the heat of the bowels bringeth down the belly by purging it helpeth the diseases of the throat as hoarsenesse and the dry cough and is a chief aide to the curing inflammations of the breast against the pleurisic and quencheth thirst in fevers and is cordial Oximel simplex OXimel simple is in great use for the cure of inflammations of the lungs and throat helpeth expectoration and difficult breathing cutteth and attenuateth thick and slimy humours purgeth the entrails without trouble and is good both in cold an hot affections Mel Rosarum OR Honey of Roses strengtheneth and cleanseth the stomack purgeth clammy humours helpeth concoction with the temperate heat thereof allayeth and stoppeth hot fluxes the phlegmon of the mouth gums and jawes is singular good with oyl of Roses for wounds in the head These two with Aqua
Argentum vivum It is of two kinds either natural which few know or artificial and then it is compounded of Quick-silver and Brimstone and so is that we buy in the shops Flores Anthos FLores Anthos or Rosemary flowers are hot and dry in the second degree comfort the brain heart and memory and other senses amend the speech help digestion mollifie cleanse and cut away flegme Flores Balaustiarum FLores Balaustiarum or flowers of Pomgranats are cold and dry in the third degree they are also astringent close up and stop they cure the bloody flix bleeding of green wounds they are good in lotions for moist and weak gums kill worms and fasten loose teeth Rosae rubrae ROse rubrae or Red-roses are cold and dry in the first degree refrigerate and are astringent they purge cholerick humours downward open strengthen and cleanse the liver from obstructions comfort the head stomack and heart help against consumptions and inflammations cause sleep and stop spitting of blood Flores chamomillae FLores chamomillae Camomile flowers are hot and dry in the first degree provoke the monthly termes and urine are good against windinesse the collick gravel stone aches fevers proceeding from obstructions cure wearied parts also they open loose mollifie the hard-swollen and stopt parts of the intrails Flores Melliloti FLores Milliloti or flowers of Mellilote are of a dry and hot quality digest consume dissolve and maturate prevail against all hot swellings provoke urine break the stone asswage the pain of the kidnies bladder and belly ripen flegm and clear the eye-sight Flores Centaurii FLores Centaurii or flowers of Centory are of a hot and dry complexion in the second degree purge choler and grosse humours downward open the obstructions of the liver kill worms cause the course of flowers are good against the Jaundice hardnesse of the spleen griefs of the sinewes clear the eyes heal wounds and drive forth young fruit Flores Hyperici FLores Hyperici or flowers of Saint Johns wort are hot and dry in the third degree break the stone provoke urine bring down womens flowers stop the laske drive away fevers are good for burnings and cure old and fistulated sores Flores Sambuci FLores Sambuci or flowers of Elders are hot and dry in the third degree open the belly purge slimy slegme and cholerick humours and are good for hot swellings and tumours and for the asswaging the pain of the gout Baccae Juniperi BAccae Juniperi or Juniper berries are hot in the third degree dry in the first and astringent are good for the stomack cough windinesse gripings of the belly venomous bitings infection contagion of the aire help the lungs liver kidnies and bladder and provoke urine Baccae Lauri BAccae Lauri or Bay-berries are hot and dry in the second degree they resist poyson help deafnesse contracted and wearied parts and the pain of the breast cut of flegme and take away the scurfe Farina Tritici FArina Tritici or Wheat flower is hot in the first degree stoppeth spitting of blood distillations of subtill humours helpeth the cough roughnesse of the sharp artery dissolveth tumours and cleanseth the face from lentils and spots appeaseth hunger and thirst and is the principal natural upholder of the life and health of man Farina Fabarum FArina fabarum or Bean meal is cold and moist dissolveth all swellings is very good for ulcers evils and blastings of the genitories and taketh away inflammations of womens paps Farina Hordei FArina Hordeacea or Barly meal is cold and dry in the first degree dissolveth hot and cold tumours digesteth softeneth and ripeneth hard swellings stoppeth the laske and humours falling into the joynts discusseth wind is good against the scurfe and leprofie and allaieth the inflammations of the Gouts Furfur Tritici FUrfur or Wheat bran is good against the scurfe itch and spreading scab dissolveth the beginnings of hot swellings doth slake and swage the hard swellings of womens breasts and the decoction thereof is singular good to cure the painful exulcerations in the intrails given by glisters as is montioned in the cure of Dysenteria Farina Volatilis FArina volatilis or Mill dust is used in compositions to stay fluxes of bleeding wounds Rosemary ROsemary is hot and dry in the second degree cureth the Jaundice and the Regius morbus or Kings-evil comforteth the brain memory and inward senses and restoreth the speech lost or broken Menthae MEnthae or Mints are hot and dry do profit the stomack appease the hickok stop vomiting cure chollerick passions griping pain of the belly and the inordinate course of menstruall issue ease women in their travel of child-bearing soften breasts swolne with milk and keep the milk from curdding therein Millilotus MEllilotus or Mellilote is hot and astringent it doth asswage and mollifie hot swellings of the eyes matrix fundament and genitories healeth the scurfe and putrified ulcers dissolveth apostumes of the stomack is good for the head-ach provoketh urine breaketh the stone helpeth the pain of the kidnies bladder and belly and taketh away the webbe and pearle of the eye Salvia SAlvia or Sage is hot and dry in the third degree and somewhat astringent stoppeth the bleeding of wounds and bloody flix openeth the stoppings of the liver cureth the cough breaketh the stone provoketh urine comforteth the heart asswageth the head-ach and pain in the side Thymum THymum or Thyme is hot and dry in the third degree is good to cleanse the breast ripen flgme and for the Asthma purgeth cholerick humours corrupt blood bringeth to women their natural terms expelleth the secondine provoke urine discusseth wind extenuateth cold swellings and helpeth the cure of the falling sicknesse Absinthium ABsinthium or Wormwood is hot in the first degree and dry in the third it is bitter sharp and astringent cleansing purging and comforting excellent to purge the stomack liver and reins from the cholerick humours and to stay the weak stomack from vomiting cureth the Jaundice resisteth pestilent infection helpeth the dropsie and splenetick and killeth worms in the body Carduus benedictus CArduus benedictus or the blessed Thistle is very bitter and hot comforteth the heart and vital parts moveth sweat resisteth poyson is of much use in pestilent diseases mitigateth the pain of the reins and sides killeth the worms of the belly and prevaileth against bitings of Serpents Melissa MElissa or Balm this herb is hot in the second and dry in the first degree doth bring down womens termes helpeth against venomâ— of scorpions spiders and dogs comforteth the head increaseth the memory and refresheth the vital faculties Sabina SAbina or Savin is hot and dry in the third degree provoketh urine with blood moveth the flowers driveth forth the secondine living and dead birth cureth ulcers and eating sores aud cleanseth the skin of lentils Radices Altheae RAdix altheae or Hollihock roots are hot and dry in the first degree they are profitable for the gravel stone bloody flix tooth-ach Sciatica and cough they cure new wounds
of maturation or no also by depressing the cutis a little with your finger When an Apostume will suppurâ—â—e Hâ—ppocrat cap. 2. lib. 47. Mark also out of the words of the Ancients to know when an Apostume will proceed to suppuration Hippocrates lib. 47. cap. 2. hath these words that whilest Pus is in making paines and feavers do afflict but Pus being made paines and feavers do decline And to Tagalt Instit confirm the former words Tagaltius in his Institutions cap. 3. hath these following verses Duritia longa pulsus dolor calor aucti Signant pus fieri sed facto dicta remissa Sub digito undans albescens pars acuta The fourth time of an Apostume The declination of Apostumes I cannot stand to amplifie but I refer you as before to Mr. Galles Institution of a Chirurgion as also to Johannes Vigo and other good writers for a more ample doctrine in that point onely note that when the tumour or apostume is ripe mine opinion is rather it be opened by a potential caustick medicine then by actual incision when it may be as conveniently effected and that for many good reasons and one sufficient reason in mine opinion is if you use incision you must needs put in tents dossels or the like with medicines to keep open the orifice and also to enlarge it which doing you stop the passage of natures true evacuation twixt each dressing offending the parts adjacent and hinder the unition of the disjoyned parts against conscience detracting good healing yea and thereby hazard divers evil accidents to follow as fistulaes c. from Caustick incision commended all which by caustick incision you are freed and fear not at all the application of a convenient potential caustick medicine in due time and place especially the impostume being ripe and the skin thin for you can pierce no further then thorow the cutis though you would for being onely thorow the skin the matter will choak your caustick or corrasive medicine neither doubt at all that your work shall succeed otherwise then well for nature will provide remedy speedily easily and safely to heal your patient provided you be also careful to use your endeavour with good warm medicines duly applyed and with also the use of good ligature which is one principall good help good diet and other reasonable means likewise had for I have ever observed in my practise that a hot tumour in any outward part of the body growing either by repletion obstruction fever or by the evil disposition of the bloud for the most part yea even in pestilential and venemous Fevers in good bodies not being pocky nor too too old are easily healed by any understanding Artist that can joyn reason and experience together many several wayes namely for one if you perceive a beginning or 〈◊〉 of humours together in any part of the body consider what might be the cause thereof as near as you can if you find it to be fulnesse of the body or costivenesse you have divers present remedies that way to flye unto Laxative Medicines fitting viz. at the first make the Patient a suppository then give him a glyster if need be and a Laxative medicine also according as you shall see cause regarding the quality and quantity of the humour abounding but remember where the body is costive you were best to begin as is said with a suppository first and that having caused one stoole proceed with a purge if you see further cause or a glyster for often onely one suppository doth what you require also good fomentations that may by the pores of the skin help to breathe some part of the matter will do well and so the rest by discussing and mollifying medicines the easier be cured If the grief begin in the head or throat you may use phlebotomy either under the tongue on the forehead or on the arm in the head vein or median vein but if you perceive that by emptying the body artificially and cooling the blood with convenient medicines as also answerable slender diet and opening a vein that the collected peccant humours will not be discussed nor put back then may you proceed to attraction and suppuration as you see cause for it were most grosse to seek to detain that which Nature hath resolved to cast forth wherefore if you see cause to bring forward any Apostume you may then consider by the quality thereof what course to take namely by attractive alterative or suppurative Medicines as touching attractive medicines good attractives at Sea to be had are Gum Elemni of it self spread on lether and 〈◊〉 applied and Galbanum also is very good provided it be dissolved in wine and not in vineger Mellilot plaister will well bring forward an Apostume hot or cold and helpeth suppuration Commonpitch is a good attractive Burgundy pitch is also good Of these the discreet Chirurgions Mate may use the fittest in his discretion and if he desire violent attraction of any slothful cold tumour let him set a large cupping glasse thereon Maturatives or alterative Medicines in the 〈◊〉 Chest and Ship to be had are very many yea more then I can call to mind at this time wherefore to be brief Emplastrum Diachylon cum Gummis I put for the principal for it is for that purpose only Paraâ—elsus Plaisters applyed thick spread the place first anointed with oyl of Lillies will do well But where time and place is convenient in my opinion a mean Cataplasme warm and thick applyed suppurateth best and easiest viz. make a decoction of Althaea roots or Line seeds and the cause being cold add Fenigreek a little to this decoction adde Bean or Barley meal oyl of Camomil Dill and Lillies of each a small quantity Dialthaea a little or Axungia porcina and apply it warm and shift it twice in 24 houres Or â„ž flowers of Camomil Mellilote and of Elders an a M. ss Wormwood M. ss Althaea roots bruised â„¥ ss make a decoction thereof in fair water a sufficient quantity adding of Bean meal or Barley meal M. j. and being boyled into a due form of a Cataplasme adde oyl of Camomil or Dill â„¥ iiij Axungia porcina â„¥ ij In want of some one of these flowers another for need will serve and if none of them were to be had yet there is many other meaner helps to bring forward an Apostume which time will not now permit me to rehearse When you have an intent to bring any tumour to suppuration you must neither purge nor bleed your Patient neither appoint him a thin dyet When you would an Apostume should go back if it be above the navil in the breast back or head then let your purging Medicines be such as purge downward onely but if it be below the navil or in the arms or legs vomitive Medicines do best except some especial hinderances as Asthma or the like And to those uses none are so effectual as those
Nature that is onely every day or the second day a naturall stool or an artificial help by suppositories or glysters if there be great necessitie not otherwise and if a Fever happen give him a barley water with a little oyle of Vitrioll therein and if that help uot open a vein on the contrarie side and if you fear putrifaction of humours give him a little Diatesseron Triacle or Mithridate or the like if he complain much of the pain search the cause namely see that the ends of the bones lie right and that the splints gall him not also that there be no wrinckles in the clouts applied The ingredients of a restrictive the manner of composing it and that it be not too hard or too soft bound all these things duely considered The Medicines I use are as followeth either I use a restrictive stuffe which is as followeth â„ž Bole â„¥ iij. Aluminis Thus ana â„¥ ss Radix Consolidae in powder â„¥ ij Lapis Zabulosus â„¥ i ss These all made into fine powder and mixed with the yolkes and whites of two egges together if they may be had adding wine vineger and mixed as much as will serve to make this medicine into the form of a Cataplasme and in want of egges use water and vineger onely so much as is needfull also if Comfry roots be not to be had or Thus they may be forborne you may in their places for need though not so very well use Bean-meal I have done very well many times onely with Allum Bole Egs water and vineger though Bean flower is also very good or Wheat flower and as for the medicine called Lapis Zabulosus here recited it is a medicine found out in the Arch-Duke of Brandenburg his Countrey named in the Germane Tongue Bc in broucke which in our language is a broken bone being in substance like chalk and in form like a bone some pieces like ribs other like fingers others like legs or armes bones of nature so growing This medicine I know to excell many other in healing Fractures both outwardly applied in Cataplasmes and inwardly taken daily the quantitie of Ê’j in fine powder in wine beere or water the patient fasting for two houres after the taking thereof In great Fractures the Germane Chirurgions prescribe this aforesaid medicine dayly to be taken for twentie foure dayes if they see cause so long to use it The other form of application to Fractures used and commendable as I have said and from which I am digressed is a good strong Lixivium made with fresh water and ashes till it be slipperie namely let the water be made seething hot ere the ashes be put in adding if th ey be ready or may be had in the Ship these hearbs following St. Johns wort Wormwood Centaury Rosemary Sage Camomile and Mellilote flowers or at the least some of them also you may adde Lupines thereto but howsoever though there be no herbs adde salt good store when it is cleared but not before and then though you have neither hearbs nor lupines it will be of good force for it is the vegetable salt in the ashes which is the best healer the next best is the minerall or Sea-salt wet the clowts rehearsed therein and wring them out hard and apply them smooth close and hot about the member binding it so up this second form is esteemed of most Artists the safer for avoyding Gangrenes which fractures are much incident unto by reason of great store of contused bloud gathered that can hardly be discussed on the instant which thereby causeth obstructions whereupon followeth inflammation and pain and consequently a Gangrene and surely the first is not inferiour to this for by the means of the Allum and the Vineger it swageth pain tempereth well the parts and yet repelleth and discusseth the bloud gathered and being once baked to it fortifieth mightily the member by sticking close and hard to it I have used it long without repcntance and the other sometime but for that it helpeth of it self to keep the member to his straightnesse I the rather use it Observation for the cure of the great bone of the legge fractured These things ready I mean the one or the other form suppose then the greater fossill or bone of the leg were fractured make true extention as is said that both ends of the bones meet together namely let one strong man take the one end of the fractured limbe and another the other end thy self standing free and let them draw out the member directly when thou art ready and not before neither by jumps but leisurely and together likewise if they bear their hands too high or too low in drawing they cause great pain to the Patient How to know when the â—â—ds of the bones meet arâ—ght and likewise cause the bone to lie unapt to thine hand to reduce it It is known when the ends of the bones meet for that not onely the member is returned to his former beautie again but also by it much of the pain is eased for it is a sure rule if the pain abate not all is not well The bone I say first well reduced bring your stuffe formerly rehearsed and put it under the leg the parties that extended not forsaking their hold and lap it about smooth and close as you can without wrinckles lumps or seams and that the ends may also fold smooth one over the other wrapping it double and smooth over the shin bone the cause why I use to fold it double on the shin bone leaving it there to be opened is that if it chance there be a wound it may be dressed the better without undoing all but if no wound be yet it fortifieth the bone the better by the doublenesse thereof being smooth then lay your next cloth broader and longer then the first over the first being wet in water and vineger if there be cause and wrung out Let the second cloth I fay as also the first be longer then the splints that the ends of the splints may rest thereon and not on the bare leg placing the splints in their order about the leg till you have compassed the leg laying them as is said not too close together that they ride not one over another neither touch each other nor come upon the ioynts remembring to put all your tapes under together in number it were fit to have five or sixe namely two on each end and two for the midst Also if there be a wound you must so order the matter that you may daily apply to the wound necessary medicines whereas otherwise if there be no great cause namely through much pain or the like you may well forbear six daies or ten daies provided that you see the leg be straight and well laid in an even position or form and that it may lye the safer it were good to be provided with the afor esaid bundles of reeds or bents as thick as the leg or thicker to come
sit over the fume of Franckincense Manuall help or Amber with a chafing dish and a few coales in a close stoole is likewise very good this disease in our climate for the most part by skilful Physitians and Surgeons is well and speedily cured but in the Indies it is very hardly cured in so much that many have To sit 〈◊〉 died of it partly by the great wilfulnesse and disorder of the Patient and by your leave also by the ignorance of the Surgeon being a thing they had not been warned of before nor practised in and by not having good remedies and instruments fit at hand to give men help wherefore let young Artists have a care to these afore mentioned rules and medicines not scorning them A fume And among other needfull instruments for poore Sea-men in fluxes never be unfurnished in the ship of one or two close stooles with doores to them and Brasse pailes that poore miserable men in their weaknesse may be eased thereon and not to be constrained to goe to either the beak-head or shrouds as they term it for that not onely increaseth the disease but also causeth the falling down of the care to be bad Ano or Arse-gut a fearful accident except the Surgeon be very careful diligent and ready handed in which cases all nicenesse lazinesse and disdainfulnesse too much cleaving to some young men must be laid aside for the very omitting of his dutie in reducing the gut fallen A dangerous accident may easily be the death of the Patient whose bloud will cry to God for revenge Wherefore young Artists that professe to fear the Almightie ought to be compassionate to the meanest creature in this disease as they would others should do to them in the like case and not even otherwise Petrus Bayerius an ancient learned Writer alledging Galen in his second book de locis affectis defineth this disease as followeth It is saith he tearmed Dysenterium whereas varietie of substances are sent out with the excrement producing excoriation with dolour and pain as if somewhat were shaven from the small guts and that shaven saith Admonition to young Artists he proceedeth from the choler and turneth to ulceration of the guts and is compleat in two weeks or proceedeth of a glassie coloured substance and hath its termination in foure weeks or proceedeth of a Melancholy humour and is in perfection in forty daies first beginneth the fluxe then followeth the excoriation c. But to trouble the Reader much or my self with long definitions either of the causes or signes of this disease my leisure will not permit me and the rather will I not insist thereon for that in reading I find divers learned and reverend Writers that have entred into long discourses of the signes and causes of this grief prescribing divers methodical rules and yet Ambiguity impertinent they conclude of the cure of Dysentery for the most part of them with a kind of Emperical form of curing namely some reciting one some another medicine for the general cure of this disease many of them ending without any rational or methodical form at all which argueth in my opinion that it is impossible either to finde out all the causes thereof or to prescribe any one true form for the general cure of the same but the discreet Chirurgion must be armed with judgement in these following principles namely that if he perceive it to proceed by fulness of bloud or humours to seek the health of the Patient by sundry the most rational and fittest evacuations as namely Advise to the Artâ—st bleeding purging and slendernesse of diet then also to proceed to medicines which take away the acrimony and heale the inward parts then to those which are Anodine and doe cause rest A learned French Chirurgion named Guillemeau writing a Treatise of this Guillimeau his opinion disease in his conclusion saith as followeth The Empericall Medicaments which the methodical Physitians so disdain and esteem of little worth are those which we through our experience and through the diuturnal use of them have found to be most excellent which being used with judgement are not to be disdained seeing that Galen Ground of Arts. himself testifieth that the Physitian must be established on two foundations to wit reason and experience whereof reason is as it were the soul of the same which measureth and pondereth all things and experience the body as a provident Tutour and Schoolmaster Rubarb pray sed wherefore seeing that experience teacheth us that Rubarb in what manner soever we administer the same but especially the infusion thereof is very commodious and profitable in this disease as likewise is Spiritus Vitrioli with Rose-water and Plantane-water and also being administred with Cinamon water saith Guillemeau there is a sugarlike dulcor or sweetnesse extracted out of Lead which never deceived thehope of the right reverend Master Duion a very learned Physitian where of I have attained the best of these discourses the tincture of Coral and of yellow Amber extracted with Aqua vitae is in operation admirable also Crocus Martis or flos Surphur is being in season administred with the Conserves of Roses Marmalet Citron rindes Saccbaram Saâ—â—â—i with other such like things are very commodious because among natural things I know nothing exsiccateth more and opposeth it self more against all corruptions To conclude there are innumerable sorts of remedies which we must so compound that they may have one similitude or one Analogy with the disease finally we must in extream Dysentery for the last remedy indeavour tâ—â—â—itigate the pain with narcotical things as is the Oleum Jusquiâ—â—â— mandragorae the cold seeds the Philonium requies Nicolai and many other such like compositions which are unto this disease used and which may not be administred except great judgement and advise had thereon Thus much what people most subâ—ect tâ— this disease and where out of Guillimeau This disease chiefly afflicteth Souldiers in Warres and Sea-men in long Voyages and namely in hot countries chiefly when after short and hard allowances they shal happen on the sudden to get great store of raw fruit fresh meat flesh or fish or any other great change of pleasant diet in which cases reason and judgement as the principal helps are to be used as for instance this disease is incident much to such as change the place of their abode for a farre hotter or a far colder Countrey but chiefly into hotter witnesse the mortalitie through that disease which hath often befalne our Souldiers in the wars in France c. As also now at Bantham how much doth it afflict them that live there Moreover as is said if it proceed of repletion evacuation and thin diet is the mean to proceed in the beginning of the cure thereof if it proceed of an acrimonious fretting humor then one of your first helps must be a present purge if strength will bear it namely
death waiteth at the dore The third pleadeth in this manner following and saith the former The third supposition answered supposition granted yet for my patient although his wounds received be desperate as formerly is suggested it would be held great rashnesse and unadvised cruelty in me if I should but offer to take off this member especially in the wounded part yeâ— or elsewhere at the least before it be brought to digestion wherefore I hold it my safest way to follow a rational method by joyning the parts fitting to be joyned as aforesaid and to proceed in the cure the which if by Art I could effect I should rejoyce though my patient were left with an unprofitable limb but if the hope of healing came short then I should hold it fit if it must be taken off to do it in a sound part and not in a putrid according to the now general practice in that kind which is warrantable But yet let the The resolution young Artist take this note from me that when he apparently seeth that a limb cannot be saved without amputation that whilest his patient is yet in strength as afore is expressed that he do his duty first to shew the patient his opinion grounded upon Art and good reason and if his patient give way to it then in the Name of God the sooner he taketh it off he better but if the patient do not approve of the motion good reasons tbeing given him the errour rests in him but if he consent to the work let him take it off in the wounded part although it be not wholly gangrenated circular regarding that memorable old verse Principiis obsta serò medicina paratur Quum mata per longas invaluere moras And further let the understanding Artist consider as followeth that if the bullet have taken away one full third part of a legge or arm in the circumference thereof with the breach of both the bones the great contusion and laceration considered with also the losse of blood and spirits thereby happening it may be feared justly that the limb although the party live will hardly or never be saved but howsoever it will be no way serviceable being done by a contused wound lacerated so that if ever it be healed the wound must come to suppuration and thereby to digestion so that by that reason some part more will be spent and lost by quitture and by consequent if by the part taken away the part contused so fall out that the half limb with the office and vigour thereof be lost or come away by the just course of Art in the healing scarce one often scape with life by reason of the pain and great expence of blood and spirits incident as is said and by reason of the long continuance of the griefe so that it falleth out that for the most part Nature is tyred out and the Patient dyeth in Marasmus or hecticke and such an end is more to be feared at Sea where want of fitting nourishment is then at Land So much I held fit to expresse of my experience and opinion for young Artists to ruminate on And now forward again to my yet unfinished scope of dismembring in the mortified part in the prosecution whereof let me as by the way yet again put the Reader in mind once more of the old document or phrase viz. That there is no general rule but may admit an exception even so in this case there are divers times places and causes Amputation in a mortâ—fied part in some casâ—s forbidden wherein amputation in a mortified part is utterly forbidden as namely the Patient being in a violent Feavour or in a Delirium for one case and yet even then neither is it wholly desperate and so to be utterly inhibited but onely during that paroxisme for if by Gods mercy through the help of the expert Surgeon or Physician the prefent fit I mean the Delirium be but removed and the Feavour taken away if there be any way to save the life of the Patient such amputation I mean in the mortified part is in my opinion the most safe easie and rational way being of all other the most likely way to preserve the life of the Patient for by that the Artist without pain or effusion of the blood may ipso facto remove impurum à puro the putrid from the sound and utterly alter the so much imagineâ— or suggested corrosion or venomous quality thereof so as justly it may be said then it is in this effected Causa ablata est ergo tollitur effectus the cause is taken away and therefore the effect ceaseth A second inhibition Another inhibition is when an amputation is to be done and there is no mortified place to do it in which in the most happeneth and then in such a case the Reader will grant the expert Surgeon is freely admitted to chuse his place so that he chuse it secundum Artem according to Art and so proceed and such occasions are very frequent as namely for one when the occasions of dismembring proceed from corrosive putrid or fistulous Ulcers in Joynts or by foul bones or by fractured bones or by dislocated bones or members distorted or otherwise by diseases incurable and unsufferable when and whereas no mortified place can fitting be found the Surgeon then must be left to take the convenientest whole place A third inhibition Another inhibition generally is when an occasion hapneth in a putrid body where Gangrenous and livid spots or otherwise discoloured spots happen here and there to and fro upon the body presaging a hidden and venomous humour or violence or otherwise deficiency in Nature from within him Gangrenes do proceed de abdita causa Naturae by occult causes in Nature or when a dissolution in the harmony of Nature manifestly appeareth to be at hand or when Pestilential or Carbunculous spots happen upon a Patient which many times mortifie even to the bone and yet such Pestilential Gangrenous spots after separate of themselves and the Patient liveth and is healed for that often in such cases the patients receive an ordinary Cure which my eyes have seen more then one so escape and cured in the Plague time and many other occasions may hinder such amputations which are not now in the apprehension of my memory to unfold Onely I desire that younger Artists would observe to hold the general rule in wounds made with Gun-shot formerly touched namely that they foresee where they cannot save a Limb to be serviceable that they with the approbation of the Patient and likewise by Advice for younger Artists in the cure of Gun-shot by amputation good advice they take it away in time whilest Nature is in her strength and if they have a fit mortified place then to do it there if possibly they can and the rather because there the work is in part done to their hand not regarding though the stump fall out somewhat too long for
comforteth all the parts of the body which are evil disposed through cold infirmities it is also good against stiffnesse and pains of the joynts in the Scurvy Dialthea simplex THIs hath the properties of the former but the former is better Unguentum potabile THis unguent is a sure Balsame for wounds of any sort or in any part of the body either penetrating or not penetrating in wounds penetrating either inject it warm or pour it into the wound Also upon any occasion it is to be drunk Ê’ i. or ii at once or for a dose It healeth wounds within the body Also it healeth burnings and scaldings without any scar And further it cureth the wind-chollick drunk with sack the dose is to be â„¥ i. without â—ear but I give usually but one dram or Ê’ ii Vnguentum de Mercurio I Have else-where said and it is too much apparent that for healing and killing Mercury hath no fellow and where I recite Mercury in any of my instructions you must understand me Quick-silver for so it is truly stiled by the Learned and not without good reason This Unguent joyne with it what other ingredients you please yet if Mercury be one it will shew his valour in despight of the rest though it have 20. for one odds against it so puissant is that volatile and excellent spirit of his which I may boldly say could truly never be tamed and yet many worthy medicines are made thereof which in their several places I mean to explain as I shall have time God willing You may make this Unguent of Dialthea oleum Laurini ana lib. ss Mercurius vivus or quick-silver â„¥ ii oleum spice or Tereb If you have them ana â„¥ ss and if you see cause in very cold bodies you may add of Euphorbium in powder Ê’ ii This unguent is good to provoke a flux You may make it of one of these unguents alone for need But I wish not the Surgeon to carry any of this unguent ready made to the East-Indies for the Quicksilver it is to be feared will fall to the bottome but if he will needs have it ready made let him add to the composition wax a sufficient quantity but it must be made as followeth The wax and unguent must be melted together which being yet warm â„ž Terebinthinae clarae â„¥ i. being put into the bottome of the woodden bowle or brasse bason not a pewter bason and stirring it so long till all the Quick-silver be clean lost and turned into a blew salve no more to be seen then by little and little mix it with the former and being almost coagulated I mean almost clean cold neither liquid through heat nor altogether cold work the Terebinthinae with the Mercury altogether strongly till it be cold You must use it cold and neither let the Patient himself chafe it in till it be warm or which is better let the Patient stand before the fire and chafe it in But note he which anointeth other therewith if he use it too often let him put a bladder on his hands for the often use thereof causeth many evils This unguent hath as many vertues as vices and as many vices as vertues a whole week may be easily spent with good profit to the Reader in waiting of Mercury I heartily wish some learned and worthy man would take in hand truly to anatomize that subject I am perswaded yea and know well he might thereby save the lives of many an innocent soul who with great infamy perish through the inordinate use of this unguent notwithstanding the medicine is good But I refer the Surgeons Mate for the use of this unguent to Mr. Clowes his book of Surgery But concerning the ordinary uses thereof if you anoint the joynts therewith it killeth the itch but if you anoint too plentifully it provoketh a flux sometimes upward sometimes downward If you anoint the seams of his shirt which is lowsie therewith it driveth away all the lice the same it doth to the lice of the eye-browes and secret parts wherewith many are troubled Also for the pils it is a very good medicine I use it in that case first to purge the Patient and after to anoint him with Vnguentum album wherein Quick-silver is mixed namely of the unguentum â„¥ i. of MercuryÊ’ i. misce and anoint therewith daily three times and keep the place very warm Linamentum Arcei I Cannot but reverence the Author of this precious plain Linament whose desert is highly to be esteemed of by the Commonwealth for it is as sufficient a Balm for new wounds especially in the head as that a better can scarce be found out by art It doth all the intentions of healing a wound in the head meerly of it self the flux being stayed For it digesteth mundifieth incarneth and cicatrizeth it defendeth from accidents and is very anodine it may also fitly be applyed to painfull ulcers and fistula's upon occasion The Author or manifester of this Linament was Franciscus Arceus as is manifest by a small treatise of his translated by Mr. John Read a Surgeon It is of temperament hot and moist Vnguentum Aragon THis unguent is numbred amongst the four hot unguents It profiteth generally against all cold affects of the outward parts of the body it much warmeth and comforreth the sinewes it is good against convulsions and cramps it is good to anoint the ridg-bone of the back and the parts near the kidnies against the pains thereof and also to anoint the stomack and belly upon any cold grief it is good to anoint the body of them which have the quartane fever the falling sicknesse the pains of the joynts and also it is good to be used as a Morbus ointment according to the common phrase adding the due quantity of Mercury thereto which I account to be of Quick-silver â„¥ ii to the unguent lib. i. But I find it will not retain his vertues above one year as witnesseth Johannes Jacobus Weckerus wherefore I forbear this composition in the Surgeons Chest Vnguentum Martiatum THis unguent as it is composed of many ingredients so it is said to be effectual for many griefs for saith the Author it discusseth cold causes in the head sinewes and joynts it removeth pain from the breast and stomack proceeding from colds it prevaileth aganst convulsions it helpeth the resolution of the sinewes dead palsie and them that are troubled with the Sciatica or hip-gout the gout in the hands feet and other joynts of the body it mollifieth hard puscles and tumors in the flesh it asswageth the hard swellings of the liver and spleen easeth the pain in the small guts it cureth the ach in the reins It hath his name as Salaritanus saith of Martianus or as Maâ—lius which is more probable saith of Martiatus a most skilful Physician supposed to be the inventer thereof and it is described in the Dispensatory by Nicolaus Alexandrinus who also describeth the vertues thereof in effect as is here set down
dissolve cold tumours wennes hard kernels impostumes sores of the mother and chaps of the fundament are good for cramps burstings trembling of the members Radices raphani sylvestris RAdices Raphani sylvestris or Horse-redish roots are hot in the third degree dry in the second are good for the stomack eaten before meat cause wind and desire to vomit but after meat digest purge flegme provoke urine break the stone help the dropsie liver sicknesse old congh stopping of the reines lithargie collick and hardnesse of the spleen stay fretting and festring ulcers cause hair to grow and cleanse the face from spots Radices Pyrethri RAdices pyrethri or Pellitory roots are hot and dry in the third degree good for cold diseases of the head and brain falling sicknesse and apoplexie mitigate the tooth-ach chewed bring forth much waterish flegme help the resolution of the sinewes and cause salivation or a flux of spitting Radices Angeilcae RAdices Angelicae or Angelica roots are hot and dry in the second degree they do open attenuate digest cut and discusse grosse humours they are adversary to poyson help pestilent diseases cause the flowers comfort the heart and vital powers Radices consolidae majoris RAdix symphiti magni seu Consolidae majoris or Comfry roots are hot and dry in the second degree they do help spitting of blood the breast and lungs cure inward wounds and ruptures are glutinative mitigate hot tumours and heal fresh wounds Calx viva CAlx viva or unslak'd lime is hot and dry in the fourth degree having a fiery sharp and burning force it concocteth mollifieth dissipateth and cureth corrupt stinking ulcers very hard to be cured and bringeth them to a cicatrice or skar Album Graecum STercus caninum seu Album Graecum is hot and astringent stayeth the laske cureth the Squinancy helpeth the Dysenteria and driveth away fevers that come by course and is very good to strew the fundament fallen withall for it cureth the slipperinesse thereof and causeth it being gently put up to stay up and being mixed and boyled with sallatoyl to the thicknesse of an unguent is very good to cure the painful Hemorrhoides The Conclusion touching what hath been spoken of the vertues of Medicines Simple or Compound for the Surgeons Chest THe vertues uses and doses of all the precedent medicines here noted have been gathered from such Authors as either were the Inventors of them or formerly have taken them upon them to whose works I refer the Reader which thing if any well disposed Artist upon good ground shall question I doubt not to satisfie him The Authors I have used herein are these following Galenus Mesues Avicenna Tagaltius Vigo Paracelsus Josephus Quercitanus Renodeus Johannes Jacobus Weckerus Dodoneus Valerius Cordus Riolanus Rulandus Oswoldus Crollius Dorncrellius Augustanus Montanus Matheolus Fernelius Dioscorides Franciscus Arceus Monardus Nicolaus Alexandrinus Serapius And some others whose names sometimes I have remembred and noted sometimes for haste pretermitted wherein I confesse I have done them hard measure like him which in hast sleighteth his good friends a fault too common OF WOVNDS A Wound is a recent solution of a continuity or a division of that which was knit together without putrefaction and Definition of a wound is common as well to the soft and organick parts as also to the harder it may though seldom it doth arise from an internal cause as the malice of bad humours but more commonly it comes from an external cause namely by the violence of some instrument For which cause a wound is said to differ in his denomination for sometimes it is called a thrust or punction which is made by stabbing with any thing sharp pointed as a Dagger Rapier or the The divers appellations of wounds like sometimes it is named a Contusion when by a weighty thing offending as timber falling down or violently cast down as a stone the flesh is bruised and broken sometimes also it hath the appellation of Incision or incised wound for that it is done by an edged instrument as a knife or sword And these wounds are either simple or compound the simple are onely in the upper skin or flesh without detriment or losse of substance which also have their several species or kinds because of their divers forms some being greater or smaller profound or superficial long or little streight round or crooked of a facile cure of difficile or mortal And for the sounder judgment and better cure of all wounds which are either external or internal and penetrating there are several signes of ancient tradition with much diligence to be had in remembrance which daily practice also verifieth The several differences of all external wounds are discerned by sight or handling The places of internall wounds Those which are termed internal and penetrating wounds are either in the head breast or inferiour venter and are discovered likewise by sight by feeling or by searching with an instrument into them The hurt or ruption of the membranes or brain is accompanied with sneesing vomitting bleeding at the nose or eares raving and the like but if the substance of the brain be hurt those signes are encreased and a bilious or sharp vomitting is seen also a fever dull understanding with alteration of favour and countenance do ensue stupidity also and dumbnesse signifie the brain contused The breast is observed to be wounded and penetrated when aire commeth forth of the wound or when the person sick hath in his mouth a sense of the things applied to his grief It appeareth that the lungs are hurt if the respiration be difficult a a ratling sound in breathing be heard and the excrement which is voided from the mouth be spumous pale and crude The Pericranium hurt hath sometimes sudden and often swounding for a sign though some neverthelesse having the Penicranium wounded or contused have no evil symptomes extraordinary to other mean wounds of other parts The Heart wounded hath the refrigeration of all the parts extinction of natural heat and death attending thereon If the great Veins and Arteries in the breast be offended and immoderate flux of blood defection of vertue in all the faculties a cold and an unsavoury sweat doth ensue and death within a few hours The solution of continuity in the sinewie parts of the Diaphragma causeth convulsion difficile respiration an acute fever raving and death but if the fleshy part onely be agrieved it is capable of remedies and suffereth not such dangerous symptomes If the recurrent Nerves be wounded there followeth losse of speech immediate motion and sense also is suppressed and that without recovery In the wounds of the Liver appear vomiting bloody dejections much pain a continual fever and if they be deep fainting resolution of the spirits cold sweat and death follow The Spleen offended is as the Liver affected save that the symptoms are in the right side the other in the left The Ventricle is demonstrated to be wounded by the voiding
regiment of the sick be carefully observed namely that as much as is possible he use wholsome aliments such as resist putrefaction as sowre and tart things and which are grateful to the vital faculties and when he eateth let it be sparing and often let him drink very little wine If you fear venemous vapours may be gathered give him of good Mithridate Venice TriacleÊ’ ss or DiatesseronÊ’ ss These rules at Sea are not so well to be observed as at Land wherefore let the Sea-Surgeon therein do his best let his ordinary drink be Ptisans or Barley water conceal from him the magnitude of his wound keep him loose onely with Glisters or suppositories let him blood if need be and yet but a little lest poyson or venome setled in the outward parts be thereby drawn in back into the more noble parts and abstain to give him remedies calefying the humour especially at the first In these wounds often appear exudations of clammy humours supposed by some to proceed from membranes and sinowie Ligaments bruised and broken being changed from sound to unnaturall and vicious those humours are to be evacuated or their dangers prevented by good alterative remedies namely abstersive medicines as a good Lixivium or by suppurative mundificative and desiccative things having faculty of confirming and strengthening the parts affected Therefore the fear of a Gangreen being taken away suppuration must be intended in the flesh contused but if in the parts contused there be a vicious humour and the flesh about do putrifie in such cases it is convenient to help suppuration with all speed But first of all let a good Alexipharmacon or Preservative against poyson be given the sick if you see cause namely a little Venice Triacle other Triacle on the point of as knife if it be right and good but if you do fear the vertue thereof to be doubtful as often it is give it dissolved in spirit of wine Cinamon water or good aquavitae whereunto add certain drops of Oyl of Vitriol for it exceedingly resisteth putrefaction You may for a need give Mithridate London Triacle or Diatesseron alone or if the party be of a cold constitution then give him Diatrion piperion or good Rosa solis a little And if he be strong after he is dressed you may lay him to bed to sweat and procure him thereto by a dose of Diaphoreticon given in Triacle or Mithridate regarding as is said that the sick have the benefit of a natural open body yet not many laxative stools for fear of danger Let care also be had of his dyet as is said so much as the time and place can permit Which effected in the next place consider by the view of the wound what manner of local medicaments are most fit And for the first intention of curing it were fit the Surgeon at Sea were never wanting of a good Lixivium to foment the parts percussed or contused let it be such a Lixivium as I have described in the cure of Fractures but somewhat sharper to which for brevity I referr the Surgeons Mate Also have ready Ung. Aegyptiacum and the Caustick stone if it may be also the Artificial Balm Oyl of Vitriol a good Restrictive powder good Ligatures of all sorts stitching needles ready with all other fit instruments not far off if occasion should be as tents splints dorsels spunges clowts rollers tape tow lint plaisters ready spread and the like that when an occasion happeneth he might be ready to perform his duty The most notable differences I have ever observed betwixt wounds made with Gunshot and other contused wounds is onely a furrive Hemorrage and a dangerous disposition to a Gangreen which two accidents warily prevented the cure of such wounds differ nothing from ordinary wounds contused In the curing of wounds of the head as is said Arceus Linament is the chiefest Balm the next thereunto in common use is Mel Rosarum Oleum Rosarum mixed then Honey and Mel mixed with good Sp. vini if the party be not too hot of constitution Unguentum Basilicon is a good healing Balm also the Unguentum Incarnativum or Unguentum aureum is generally a good healing Balm you shall find it no lesse Ung. Necotâ—anum is also a good healer of new wounds but the best is the Artificial Balm For dangerous wounds Oyl of Terebinthine is very good but Venice Terebinthine alone is much better and common Terebinthine is not to be despised and no more is the ordinary Digestive of Terebinthine and the yolk of an egg of each a like quantity well mixed together And yet I would not doubt at all without all these recited medicines to find sufficient healing medicines in the Surgeons Chest for double the occasion that can be imagined which if time would permit me I would write of Directions how to prevent putrefaction to great wounds incident by â— Gunshot And whereas putrefaction as is mentioned alwayes attendeth great wounds made with Gunshot all care in time is to be had to prevent the same Let therefore your first local application if you fear putrefaction be Unguentum Egyptiacum mixed with Wine or Sp. Vini or alone being also very hot injected into the wound or applied on lint And if you fear it will require yet more exsiccation or cauterization add some bumt Vitriol and foment somewhat the outward parts of the grief with a hot Lixivium and apply a hot stupe wet in the Lixivium and wrung out round about the member but if the outward parts about the wound be altered in colour or grow either stinking or insensible make scarification and foment well with strong hot Lixivium and inject thereof into the wound very hot and after such fomentation scarification and injection used as is said then if you yet see cause you may use the former mentioned Egyptiacum with a hot stupe and remove not that dressing without extraordinary cause I mean the Egyptiacum in lesse then 48. hours but rather if you have caused a good Esker The next dressing after the Esker procured by the former dressing it is likely you shall find digestion though imperfect namely durty and foul and the wound will also be very tender and sensible and subject to alteration by the ayre if care be not had Wherefore all things for your next intention of application being first ready ere the wound be opened make a very short dressing and of as gentle medicines as may be I have used an Arceus Linament warm and with soft lint applyed and the edges or parts neer the wound anointed therewith and gently filled the wound with lint then over that a Paracelsus plaister and moreover a large hot stupe wet in a good Lixivium and wrung out with also convenient soft and warm Ligature which is a great help to healing The third dressing I would leave Arceus Linament and betake me to the Artificial Balme which Balme I would apply warm anointing the parts about therewith applying also thereto some good emollient discussing
anodine plaister as namely Paracelsus plaister I hold chief next that I hold Emp. Betonica described by Arceus then Diacalfithios Minium Gratia Dei or Mellilote any of which as thy discretion and store affords is proper The rest of the Cure I refer to be proceeded in with balm and plaisters as is said in ordinary form and if any loose bones be remove them onely force none out before their time without great cause if no bones be imagined strive not to keep the wound open neither keep any hard tents wirhin the wound open Many by a custome keep tents to the bo ome of the grief so long till they make the disease incurable you need not be too vigilant in keeping new wounds too long open for the fear of putrefaction being once put away and digestion procured and no bones to come out the sooner you can heal the safer Many Surgeons also have a grosse custome of arming tents as they term it with precipitated Mercury or other the like Caustick medicines and put them into wounds to mundifie and also the better to digest them as they imagine but I may boldly affirm that as is said if neither fear of a Grangrene be neither broken bones to be taken out there is no cause of any Caustick medicines to applyed for the curing of a new wound at no time And I find by practice plain that Caustick medicaments within ulcers or fistula's have no other use but to take away a callous substance commonly in them to alter the viciousnesse of the humour and dispose the grief to a good healing which healing after followeth chiefly by the benefit of nature together with gentle and sanative applications for sublâ—ta cansatollitur effectus the cause removed the effect ceaseth and so fo wounds An admonition to Surgeons It is a shamefull errour of many foolish Empericks still to be too busie with Caustick medicines for how apparent is it that thereby they lame many through ignorance They will not see a wound incarn and red and good flesh to grow but straight they slander it of pride and call it proud flesh like their own and then must at the fairest Precipitate or Vitriolburnt go to work yea though the Patient be lame for it or at the least the grief put back again Truely the abuse of good Caustick medicines bringeth much slander to the Art of Surgery In the cure of Ulcers and fistula's and else where I have noted down my opinion of the true use of Caustick medicines to which I refer the Reader If therefore wounds happen with Gunshot which give no cause to fear a Grangrene then begin the first dressing with Balm Artificial very hot applyed the next dressing reasonable hot and so to the end of the cure using emplaisters and Ligatures convenient Of Burnings Of burning by Gunpowder Necessary Ruleâ— for the Cure BUrning by Gunpowder which wanteth no grievous accidents often-times is incident in Arms to Souldiers and others therefore be ready at all times with remedies fit and effectual to asswage them And beginning thy work with Lotions as namely either a fomentation made with oly and water or with a decoction of the seeds of Quinces or of Mallowes March-mallowes Violets and a little Purslaine seed these and the like take away all the powder that sticketh in the flesh for it hindereth the cure And to asswage both the dolour thereof and the vicious humours Mel Saponis is an approved remedy for it taketh the fire out And to make it more easie for suppuration use Anodine Medicaments as Ceratum refrigerans Galeni Poputeon mixt with a third part of Unguentum album or a third part of Triapharmacon and oyl of Roses or Oyl of Eggs or of Roses mixt with the white of an egg Axunglaporcina washed in the juyce of Plantane or the juyce of Solanum or in water also the fat of rustie bacon washed in Rose-water or the â—â—ke Also a decoction of wine vineger lib. i. Litharge in powder â„¥ s and gently fomenting the part therewith taketh away all pains But to perfect the cure let good sanative medicines be applyed as the Unguentum coâ—â—â—a ignem set down in the Chest whose composition shall be manifest hereafter Observe also if occasion be that blood-letting be used which is very requisite to avert fluxions and to avoid putrefactions of humours But abstain from purging potions and the like at the first With these recited helps administred in their due time and place with also a good dyet the Surgeons Mate shall perform much in short time to the praise of the Almighty and his own comfort The Cure of Apostumes First what an Apostume is The Definition of an Apostume AN Apostume is a tumour composed of three kinds of diseases as Avieen affirmeth namely Intemperature Incommoderation and Solution of continuity all gathered into one magnitude and Tagaltius in his institutions affirmeth every tumour against nature is an Apostume The differences of tumours are many and are by many learned Writers handled at large of which my leisure will not permit me now to write The times of an Apostume are four The times of Apostumes are also at large handled learnedly by Mr. Gale Johannes de Vigo Ambrose à Paris and divers other good Writers and are noted to be in number four as namely Beginning Augmentation State and Declination What the begining of an Apostume is A good rule The beginning of an Apostume is noted to be the first collection of humors extraordinarily intruding into any one part of the body at which time with the Chirurgions care the proceeding of the disease is easily hindered according to that old Poetical verse Principiis obâ—â—a c. The next time of an Apostume is the Augmentation when the disease hath taken root and is not so well to be put back neither is it alwaies necessary nor safe to attempt it for it may be nature hath determined to send it out and this second decree or time of an Apostume is sometimes known by heat and pulsation increaseth a distemper generally of the body and an inclining to a feaver especially if the Apostume be hot or have malignity therein but the augmentation of cold Apostumes have often no other signs notable but onely an appearance of increase without any other distemper of the body for a long time together what the state of an Apostume is and the signs thereof The third time or degree which is the state or ripenesse of the grief is well to be known divers waies as namely the Apostume by this time is come to perfect maturity and the pain is either wholly or partly asswaged and the matter being neer the skin each child in Chirurgery may judge what is next in Art to follow by the beating out and discolouring of the skin for usually it is discoloured blacker or is very soft and if the Apostume lye deep by feeling you shall also sensibly perceive whether there be perfection
which are of Mercury truly prepared for that they do not only duly evacuate but also divert and draw back the humours from the place offended which in truth is a great help to nature Also blood letting where occasion is may be used for diverting and mitigating a stubborn disease but after the use of Mercurial purges it is held of many not to be good to open a vein of which opinion I am without extraordinary reason urge the contrary And further if you intend to repel an Apostume you may make use of this following Cataplasme of Bean meal or wheat meal boyled with water and vinegar a convenient quantity that it be not over sharp adding a little Terebinthine and very warm apply it with also good close ligature and shift renuing the medicine every sixth or eight hours but observing as it is rehearsed that to repel an Apostume slender diet with convenient evacuation of the belly and Phlebotomy are as principals to be used Also a safe Cataplasme to repel an Apostume in the beginning is â„ž farina fabarum or Bean flower and castle sope ana â„¥ j. wine vineger as much as will suffice boyl these one quarter of an hour together and you may mix a little water with the vinegar for fear it break the skin and apply it warm Note further that to an Apostume broken by a causticke I commonly use no other thing then unguentum basilicon warm from the first to the end of the cure or my artificial balm which I much rather commend upon my long experience except some dressings now and then I apply to it onely dry lint and if nature be not beneficial to incarn and help healing to my desire I use a gentle absterfive medicine namely a little precipitate mixed with the said basilicon or else unguentum Aegytiacum very hot but that only for one dressing one time and then to my former course again for certain daies together namely till the Esker be faln and at the least three dressings after which if it give me not good content in hope of amendment then I proceed further one degree namely I use for one dressing of oleum sulphuris per campanam or oleum Vitrioli with which I onely touch the Ulcer within I also give a purge thereupon if the Patient be strong and then to my old form again till nauure be at rest I mean as is said till the Eskar be clean gone and yet five or six daies further but if then I see it be still stubborn I proceed to the next step or degree and crave help from my honest old friend Mercury who if he fail me judiciously applied then I confess I am almost to seek but he seldom failed me performance if my Patient were not the cause the disease being by Art curable The mercurial medicine I most use in such cases you shal find to be rehearsed in the cures of Fistulaes and Ulcers If an Apostume be opened by a caustick medicine the Apostume of it self being concavous I mean having a great hollowness going deep this way or that way strive you not at all either with tents plegents or dorssels to fil the said concavities and to divide the parts asunder which desire unition but only dress the outward or superficial part with warm basilicon artificial Balm or the like convenient medicine putting it a little within the entrance of the orifice of the Apostume upon a little lint on the end of thy Probe until the first second and third dressing after the opening be past and if thou have any of thy Cataplasme remaining with which thou didst ripen the Apostume apply the same very warm if not apply some good Emplaster over it anointing it with balm artificial and tpplying daily thereto a good balm or basilicon warm and fear not if thou make thy applications warm and use good rowling and boulstring which is a principal part of the belly where thou seest cause but thou shalt heal comforably onely forget not if occasion be that sometime thou make injection into the concavity of the Apostume with some fitting mundificative or abstersive medicament namely with a fitting Lotion it will do well but use it warm and charge it not often with it not at all except great cause yet upon due occasion if an Apostume turn to a moist watry concavous Ulcer thou maist then add to thy Lotion Aegyptiacum but be not too busie with such medicines It may be also thou maist think how shall a good healing follow where the sore is not searched and with tents and like medicines A Caution healed first at the bottome my loving Brother in that thou shalt behold the excellency of Nature in our bodies which being once eased of the burden of that vicious and offending humour which was the cause of the disease it will at first seem admirable to thee being a divine work for nature intends healing without thy help first by little and litle she avoideth the dregs of the disease and ever as fast within by Gods providence incarning new flesh as the quitture is outwardly avoided not by means of thy incarnitives I must tell thee whereon I advise thee not to trust albeit they be never so good experience will shew thee that Abstersive medicines namely such as have vertue to scower and exiccate or drie leaving a certain stâ—pticknesse behind them do best incarn judiciously applyed yea and those medicines which are most caustick of all are truly most incarnative for I speak this upon my known experience that upon the true and judicious use of them the Ulcer will soon incarn only with the use of dry lint far more then with any unctious Medicine whatsoever yea though it be Unguentum aureum for it is an infallible rule in An infallible rule that divine mystery of healing who so can dry well can heal well if thou with thy over many causticks following each other or by keeping the parts too much asunder hinder it not for too much exiccation or drying will make work not heal which beware of Some Artists have in use long hard tents this way that way or dorsels or plegents for perpetual keeping open an Apostume for say they I will see a good ground and a sound healing at the bottome ere I take out my tents and then I will begin to shorten them I say such are unworthy Surgions yet I deny not an Apostume or Ulcer may be in such a part of the body as namely in the corner of the eye or in ano which in no wise will safely suffer healing till some caustick medicine have well searched yea and as it were seared the bottom which once effected go on in the name of God with your precedent courses of healing again namely with all soft gentle and speedy healing means as before said For Natura naturans naturat omnia and mark it for by this reason an old wife oftentimes exceedeth a great Artist in healing for she wrestleth not
this sicknesse to come by the multitude of Melancholike humors gathered in Vena Porta by which it is said the Milt doth draw unto it Melancholly humors and so transporteth it from the Milt into the Ventricle But truly the causes of this disease are so infinite and unsearchable as they far pass my capacity to search them all out some men conceive this disease happeneth to Sea-men onely through long being at Sea without touch at land as it is seen in East India voyages our men have it betwixt England and the Cape de bon speraâ—ce as they term it and at their coming on the land there they presently grow Aire and fresh food helpeth well this disease in Sea-men strong again and are by the very fresh ayr and fresh food cured without much other help and likewise twixt the Cape and the Indies they are touched with it again and as aforesaid the fresh air of that land the next they come on and good dyet together cureth them with small physical helps and the same again home-ward bound The chief cause whereof is the continuance of salt diet either fish or flesh as pork and the like which is not to be avoided at sea as I suppose by the wit of man another cause is want of sufficient nourishing food and of sweet water and also for want of Aqua vita wine beer or other good water to comfort and warm their stomackes which by contrary winds men are two much incident unto in long voiages howsoever the Marchants are careful provident and bountiful in that point An other cause of this disease to the ordinary sort of poor men is want of fresh apparel to shift them with which indeed amongst poor Sailers especially a sort of them that are carelesse and lazy of disposition is too frequent partly also by the not keeping their apparel sweet and dry and the not cleansing and keeping their Cabins sweet this also ingendreth and increaseth the infection Some charge Bisket as a cause of the Scurvy but I am not of their opinion Some say inordinate watchings are cause therseof Some say extream labour wanting due nourishment Some also affirm cares and grief to be some cause thereof others affirm the very heat of the 〈◊〉 resolving the spirits but what shall I amplifie further for it is 〈◊〉 true that they which have all the helps which can be had for mony and take as much care as men can devise are even by the evil disposition of the aire and the course of nature strook with a Scurvy yea and die thereof at sea and land both yet this giveth no warrant to the Surgeon or his Mate to leave their duties unperformed for the bloods of those men which either by their wilfulnesse or slothfulnesse perish under their charge will surely be required at their hands But it is plain that this grief is a lazie foul disease with obstructions of the liver or spleen or of both as also it appeareth that the head is much diseased and that there is great obstructions in the brain for that the eyes not onely look evil coloured but also the gummes putrifie and the teeth grow loose and all the sinewy parts of the body bear their part in the disease for the shrinking and withering of the sinews with the great pains the party hath declareth no lesse Of the Scurvy or Scorbutum the signes THe signes of the Scurvy are many as namely a general laziness and evil disposition of all the faculties and parts of the body saving the stomack and the appetite which oftentimes is greater then ordinary with them a long time A discolouring of the skin as if it were fouler then ordinary with spots darker coloured then the rest and sometimes also darkish blew spots A fever at sea commonly ends in the Scurvy wherefore by the way beware of too large purging or phlebotomy which increase oft the grief and make it incurable I speak this because I have noted there is a fault in young Surgeons of forwardnesse in taking too much blood at Sea Also itching or aking of the limbs are signes of the grief Sometimes the legs falling away and drying the calves of the legs growing hard and dry as also immoderate swellings of the legs also the legs and thlghes discoloured into frekels or spots of a durty brown sad colour much like the colour of a gangrenated or mortified member Stinking of the breath Great obstructions of the liver or spleen or both and in the exercising of the bodyes their limbs and their spirit failing them Shortnesse and difficulty of breathing especially when they move themselves but lying still finde little grief or pain Their eyes of a leady colour or like dark violets Great swellings in the face legs and over all the body paleness or a foul pale colour in the face Swellings of the gums rottenness of the same with the issuing of much filthy blood and other stinking corruption thence looseness of the teeth Also some are troubled with an extream costivenesse that for 14. dayes together they go not to stool once wherefore the Chirurgion is constrained with an Instrument to take out the excrements to avoid death after which extreme costivenesse often followeth a great flux of blood and a painful also many have stoppings of the urine or at least making lesse water in two dayes then the party drinketh in one day A coldnesse and stiffenesse of the sinewy parts chiefly of the legs Some also have their Muscles yea and sinews of their thighes arms and legs so wasted away that there seemeth to be left only the Certain signes of the Scurvy by the dead opened discovered skin covering the bones Also it is manifest that divers of those which have been opened after death have had their Livers utterly rotted Others have had their Livers swoln to an exceeding greatnesse some the Spleen extreamly swoln others have been full of water others their Lungs putrified and stunk whilst they have lived these and divers other signs too many for to be mentioned here do afflict poor Sea-men which often are past mans help in such place and time as they happen the Cure whereof resteth only in the hands of the Almighty And yet to any man of judgement it may seem a wonder how a poor miserable man coming on Land from a long Voyage even at the point of death namely swoln sometimes to an unreasonable greatnesse not able to lift a leg over a straw nor scarce to breath by reason of strong obstruction yet in a few daies shall receive the fulnesse of former health yea with little or no medicine at all The Cure of this disease as a famous Writer named Johannes Echthius in a Treatise De Scorbuto affirmeth consisteth chiefly in four things namely in opening obstructions evacuating the offending humors in altering the property of them and in comforting and corroborating the parts late diseased Remedies touching the Scurvy Johannes Vierius another famous writer ascribeth the
themselves and let them avoid slothfulnesse avarice envie fear pride or what else may hinder these duties that God may give a blessing to their labours and then the praise and comfort shall return to themselves which God grant And for the elder sort of grave Artists I crave their charitable censures of my weake or undigested instructions which I no way mean to them but to babes in Chirurgery and so I conclude to the honour of the Almightie concerning the Scurvie for this time Concerning the Fluxes of the Belly THe principal Fluxes of the belly by a common consent of divers ancient Writers are chiefly referred to three kinds namely Leienteria Diarrhoea Dysenteria What Leienteria is Leientaria is distinguished to be that Fluxe which either passeth the sustenance taken wholly digested and that without any blood at all and without great pain or as it were half digested The true causes of Leienteria proceed chiefly through imbecillitie and weaknesse of The causes of Leienteria the stomack which may be occasioned many wayes whereby the vertue retentive is weakned yea and sometimes the stomack by some Crudity a cause Apostumation is either wholly weakned and cold or broken or otherwise by crude humidities is oppressed and must be strengthned both inwardly and outwardly by things that corroborate and warm the same as is Syrupe de absinthio or oleanâ— absinthii Chimice 3 or 4 drops thereof in wine or beere for need and I have found it good to a strong body at first namely in the beginning of the disease to give him a vomit of the infusion of stibium or rather of A vomit at first Salvitrioli ten grains if it may be had or of Aquila vitae four grains or of Cambogia twelve grains and so the medicine having done working To corroborate let him presently sleep fasting if he can if not give him a little Cinamon-water or a little sanguis prunellorum if you have it or a draught of good Aligant or conserve of Sloes or Quinces and shortly after namely three houres if he cannot take his rest give him An opiate three grains of Laudanum in a pill and so appoint him to rest but if you conceive or feare the disease to proceed of Apostumation in the stomack then beware of giving any vomit before perfect suppuration of the same for it is deanly but outwardly you may apply then Stomack comforted to the stomack a bag with Worm-wood Mints or sweet Majoram nd warm being sprinkled with Rose water and Vineger or else a Bisket bedued well with Rose water and Vineger being steeped must Pecteral unguent be applied to the stomack or anoint the stomack with unguentum pectorale or with oyl of Nutmegs made by expression also Theriaca andromachi or theriaca LondiniÊ’i ss is very good given him upon the Coâ—â—â—als point of a knife or Marmalad of Quinces is also good Mithridate is very fit and approved or grated Nutmegs is very good and Cinamon in powder taken in meats or drinks is good likewise if these things answer not thy desire thou maist proceed to medicines more astringent Astringent medicines such as follow in the cure of Dysenterie one verie familiar and good Medicine is sanguis prunellorum aforesaid the dose is â„¥ j. or â„¥ ij with Mint or Worm-wood or Carduus water taken going to rest or taken of it self But your mentioned Laudanum in all Fluxes judiciously Cordial water administred is the onely sure help neverthelesse in this grief trie other good things first all Aromatized strong waters are convenient in this case moderately used as well to avoid further fluxes as also in these fluxes to comfort the stomack stiptike wines serve well for it likewise Theriace diatesseron â„¥ j. now and then also electuarium diatrion piperion â„¥ ss on a knifes point given is very good for it mightily Diatrion piperion warmeth and strengthneth the stomack But sometimes it happeneth that not onely the meat passeth away by stoole but also other undigested matter with it in which case Petrus Bayrus in his Veni mecum folio 273. adviseth to use things sowre with meat as Verjuice or the juice of sowre Pomgranats and the like in want whereof the juice of Lemmons is good or rather syrup of Lemmons or syrup de Agrestis or oyle or spirit of Vitriol taken in some fitting drink as Cardâ—us water or fair water wine or Barly water the oyle of Vitriol 3. Syrupe of Lemons Oyl of Vitriol drops taken with conserve of Roses is also good in this disease also keep warm the region of the stomack and Liver and inwardly as is said it is good to use all good comfortable helps that warm Of Diarrhoea DIarrhoea is a flux of the belly which is either merely watrish or with humors and with slime mixed for the signes of the disease are manifest the causes too many for my leisure to note unto you concerning the cure of Diarrhoea if you see that the Patient be strong there is no great hast of stopping this disease for that it is many times a benefit of Nature whereby she avoideth superfluous or venemous or Stop not at the first otherwise vicious and offensive humours but when you shal perceive that it hath continued certain dayes and that the partie is weakned thereby then begin the cure as followeth First give him ℈ ij of Rubarb dried as they use to drie Tobacco and poudered either in wine or Carduus or fair water or the infusion thereof without the substance A purge and after the working thereof a gentle glister will doe well which may likewise leave a stiptick qualitie in the guts but not too strong such as hereafter shall be mentioned and let the partie be laid to rest very warm covered and warm clothes applied to the belly and fundament of the partie and if that helpeth not you may give him Warmth is very good within three houres three or foure grains of Laudanum and let him again incline himself to rest and by Gods help he shall be cured but if he have a Fever give him an opiate first I mean the Laudanum Good helps to the cure of this disease and all Fluxes of the belly are Laudanum these following first to refrain and resist as much as is possible the motions of going to stool not to strain or force the body being at stool not to sit long being at stool in rising to remember to put up worth the observing the fundament with a clout and that if it may be with a warm soft clout to sit as hot as the partie can namely if it may be often to sit upon an oaken board hot is very good hot trenches or pieces of boards heated and applied to the belly are very good and to take the fume of wine vineger sprinkled on a hot brick or iron and sit over it on a close stoole is approved very good and to
Dysenteria Galen s rule if the Dysenteria proceed from humours proceeds of mauy humours or having and ill quality the cure as Galen witnesseth hath one chief and most common intention to that which is contrary to the disposition to be taken away Therefore let there be given Myrabolans which in this case are most excellent for they correct the acrimony of the humours and strengthen the ventricle and the intestines in want whereof Rubarb may be as well given being dried a little But if the flux be pestilential let the matter be purged presently by sweating as is said not respecting the concoction of humours Of Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi and the Vertues thereof THere are many diseases which can hardly be cured without Anodine medicines therefore in the Cure of such diseases I mean where want of rest through extream pain or other the great disquiet of nature doth foretel an imminent danger of death if rest be not speedily procured in all such cases Anodine medicines may doubtless with great reason and good warrant be inwardly given To procure therefore safe and quiet rest sheweth great skill in the Artist and to the Patient is more precious in his grievous infirmitie then much treasure but in no one infirmitie have such medicine more shewed their admirable vertues then that noble medicine The chief vertue of Laudanum called Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi hath done in the cure of that lamentable disease called Dysenterie or the bloudy Fluxe as witnesseth divers of our Nation coming from the East Indies upon good proofe as also being no lesse approved of not onely by ancient and modern Writers but by every expert Chirurgion coming from those countries of their own too many experiences thereof have been made The vertues of this precious Anodine to be I mean here recited as they are noted and set down very learnedly by that famous Writer Oswaldus Crollius late Physitian to Matthias the third Emperour of Ozwaldus 〈◊〉 Crossiâ—e 〈◊〉 of the vertues of Laudanum Germany in his book called Bazilica Chymica and not by him onely but also by divers good Authors of credit which have written of the same medicine before which vertues being very many may seem almost incredible though many of them my self am witness of to be true out of my daily practise onely they are meant by the true composition according as Theophrastus Paracelsus hath prescribed it and is the same composition which the said Writer mentioneth Touching the virtues of the Medicine Ozwaldus concerning Laudanum THis Laudable medicine saith Ozwaldus Crollius deserveth rightly his name although thou call it Laudanum for in all sharp pains whatsoever hot or cold within the body or without the body yea even when through extreamitie of pain the parties are at deaths doore or almost mad with the vehemencie of the same this precious medicine giveth ease presently yea and quiet sleep and that Laudanum more efficâ—cious if the body be soluble safely but much better the body being first soluble either by nature or Art and you may give it safely provoking first onely one stoolâ— by a suppositorie or a glister were better in the collick with Mint-water it easeth the gripings forthwith In the pains and gravel of the kidnies likewise it giveth present ease In the plurisie it presently and safely giveth ease In pains of the joints it is verie good In the staying of rheumes as tooth-ache and other like defluxions in the beginnings it is a singular good medicine as namely in the tooth-ache dissolve foure graines thereof in Plantane water and put it into the eare on the aking side and take three grains into the body and lie to rest it is a sure help In all fluxes of the belly whether they proceed of sharp or slipperie humours or whatsoever else offending cause taken with mastick Terra Sigillata fine Bole or with any other appropriate good medicine it is exceeding sure for it fortifieth the other medicines and doubleth their forces adding his own also thereto In extream watchings and want of rest either inwardly or outwardly taken it is profitable if outwardly you would use it take foure or six grains with three drops of oyl of Nutmeggs which is pressed out mixed together and binde it in two little clouts and put it into the nostrils it will marvellously asswage pains in the head and cause quiet rest In the extream bleedings of the nose called Hemoragie it is an approved secret that sixteen grains thereof divided into two pils and thrust up into the nostrils into each nostril one part helpeth the same In all kinds of Fevers it is good to be given with water of Worm-wood or pill-wise alone and if the heat remain after sixe houres you may give it the second time and after that again in like time safely not exceeding the dose yet let your own experience lead you that where you see three grains will not cause rest in the next potion you give one grain more and so increase paulatim but increase not but upon good deliberation In burning Fevers it asswageth thirst and provoketh sleep chiefly in those Fevers in which the partie seemeth to have some shew of rest with tedious dreams and slumbrings mixed In the disease called Asthma and in the Tysick if it be used in water of Hyssope it will preserve the diseased Patient a long time It conserveth the natural heat strengthneth the spirits repaireth strength lost It is also effectual to be given to melancholy people which are void of reason and are troubled with the passions of the heart It is likewise used with good effect against vomiting and the Hickcock proceeding of wind faintnesse or debilitie of the Ventricle In the superfluous defluxions of the excremental or menstrual bloud it is an excellent remedy with Crocus Martis or red coral In phrensies and madnesse both in wardly and outwardly it is good mixed with Aqua vitae and the temples anointed therewith In the falling sicknesse with spirit of Vitriol or the quintessence of Camphire with also oyle of Almonds it is usually taken The dose of this opiate medicine is two or three or foure grains if there be loosnesse of the belly as is rehearsed it worketh much the better Note that in some parts of the world this medicine in the mentioned dose will doe no ease wherefore when you finde that by experience in the next Patient give more but not to the same Patient without great reason It is best given in any occasion accompanied with waters or The best way to administer it other medicines which are most appropriate to the diseases land parts diseased and yet may very well be given alone in a pill which I willingly do for that the Patient then is least troubled with the taste thereof A caution remarkable But beware you use not this medicine to any which are feeble through a great cough being oppressed with tough phlegme and shortnesse of breath for there it is not
put in practise as preparing the humours by evacuation remission and resolution all which require some long time and therefore other meanes are first to be used to take away the paine or at least to mitigate the same with Anodines first Anodine medicines and the due application of convenient helps of warme and moist temperatures which not helping you must againe Necrotical medicines if need have recourse to Necroticall and Stupifying things which indeed are not to be used but in great extremities to give the patient some present ease Anodine medicines are to be adminstred so well inwardly as outwardly as first inwardly namely in glysters consisting of moist and fat substance as the decoction of Camomill Dill Linseed Mellilot Mallowes Hollihock Fenigreek Bayberies or some of these with one ounce of the new extract of Cassia and some suger with Linseed oyle and butter administred Outwardly these are to be applyed either Unctions Cataplasmes Fomentations Baths or some such like convenient medicines as time and place best fitteth But if these should not help then in great extremities you are to flie yet againe to Necroticall or stupifying medicines as namely Landanum Paracelsi which exceedeth all Necroticis or Philonium Romanum is also a good medicine these are onely to be used in causes proceeding of heat and never of cold causes for in cold causes that were rather to confirm the disease and yet in the judging whether the cause be hot or cold sometimes a good Artist deceives himself If the Collick come of winde then you must apply warm resolving medicines I mean dissolving and dispersing medicines Notes to be considered of by the Chirurgion in the beginning tf the Cure of the Collick FIrst whilst the meat is yet in the crude gut I mean before it be digested A caveat and turned into excrement no loosing medicines are to be administred but rather a small and spare dyet and in the beginning to begin with mollifying glysters and then afterwards to proceed with more sharp and stronger But before all things if the Patient have a full stomack and withal queasie after a glyster then a vomit is principally Glysters and vomits to be administred Secondly Repletion or overfulnesse as well as too much fasting is to be avoided Thirdly no Agarick is to be used in any of your medicines for the Collick because that cleaveth to the guts and most bringeth terrible pain and tortions yet Stokinus a learned Germane Writer doth Beware of Agaricum highly extol the same to be put in Glysters to give it present ease Fourthly you must by cordials have a care to preserve the Liver Heart and Head least they be hurt or offended by the vapours and A caveat over-much heat of the oyntments cataplasms and fomentations which are usually applyed to the parts agrieved Fifthly in the beginning over vehement warmings are to be avoided A second caveat especially if the Collick proceed of the dry feces for thereby they be the more dryed Sixthly cold water is to be avoided and not any waies to be permitted to be used to quench thirst withal but rather let the patient use some stewed prunes Julip of Violets conserves and such like or a barly water with a few drops of oyl of Vitriol and some licoras are good Specifical remedies Specifical things that cure the collick are very many as horse-dung drunk in wine hares-dung or hen-dung drunk in Oxicratium where such may be had Also the powder of Harts-horn corral cockel-shels burnt or swines hoofs burnt or Calcined till they be white and such like according to the diversity of the causes Further in the particular cures of this disease there are very many things observed by the learned Physitians according to the diversity of the causes which were too much to trouble the Chirurgions Mate withal at this present as the ayre dyet and divers other good helps to the cure of this grief which cannot be observed at sea onely fish and water-fouls are to be avoided as much as may be The Cure To cure the Collick which cometh by means of the feces remaining and being dried up which happeneth most commonly at the sea in long voyages and especially in hot countries there are three sundry intentions to be observed The first to mollifie the feces and supple the guts Secondly in Evacuating to discharge the belly Thirdly to remove or take away the cause of exsiccation or drying up of the feces or excrements The first is performed with glysters made of common oyl or butter with the decoction of Mallows Violets Beets c and by drinking oyl of sweet almonds or a decoction of Polypodium The second thing which doth bring forth the mollified feces or excrements is Cassia fistula or Manna or Diaphenicon or Hiera or sharp glysters The third intention curative if it could be attained to at Sea were to remove first the external causes of the disease as over-warm ayre over-salted dry meats and small quantity of food fasting watching melancholy and the like inwardly to help the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty with Treakle Mithridate Conserva rosarum or the like cordial helps helping also the expulsive faculty with glysters and such like good things For further inward remedies you may use the aforesaid glysters or half a drachme or Ê’j of Sulphur vivum drunk in warm wine and the belly well covered with warm clothes helpeth somewhat Item Carraway seeds made warm in wine but not boyled therein being drunk helpeth Item a glyster made of Sope and Honey is a present remedy Item a bag stuffed with bran and made very warm sprinkled a little with vineger and applyed to the belly is good Item Goats milk or other milk boyled with honey and applyed to the belly with a spunge or cloth warm in manner of a foment healeth the Collick and driveth away worms and ceaseth the pain Item the gall of a bullock Salgem Aloes common oyl ana partes equales mingle them and make an oyntment thereof wherewith annoint the fundament before the fire that looseth the belly and bringeth forth the hard feces Tenasmus The definition of Tenasmus TEnasmus or Tenasmus as Hippocrates calleth in his sixth Aphorisme and in the seventh book is a disease of extention or straining out of the right gut called intestinum rectum being oppilate or stopped and of some English writers it is called Costivenesse This disease as Galen saith in his second book De methodo medendi is when a man hath an extraordinary provocation lust or desire and a vehement straining to go to the stool but cannot void any thing at all except sometimes some small quantity of slymy matter which now and then is mixed with blood or a bloody substance and the extraordinary desire of emptying or going to the stool ceasing The causes of Tenasmus outward and inward Outward as Cold. Heat Drought A corrupt asire Bathing in cold wâ—ter Necrotical ointments Inwardly as salt humours
This disease preceedeth of divers causes and accidents both outwardly and inwardly Outwardly by cold coming accidentally to the hinder parts arsegut as the long sitting upon a cold stone upon iron a boord upon the cold ground or any hard thing whereby the Sphincture or round muscle compassing the straight gut is pressed or bruised It cometh also by intemperate heat and drought and corruptnesse of the ayre and weather sometimes by long bathing in cold water and sometimes by much using narcotial oyntments and such like Also inwardly this disease proceedeth of salt biting humours abounding throughout the whole body of man also by means of some hot or cold impostume or after a Dysentery or Flux whereas some cholerick matter remaineth behinde in the right-gut yet unevacuated And sometimes too happeneth here in our Countrey as some English Writers affirm by little drinking of Beer or Ale and sometimes it cometh by drinking Too much drinking of wine Nature of Tenasmus too much wine and by eating of costive meates and superabundance of choler adust This disease is of the nature or disposition of a Dysentery or Flux but that the Dysentery paineth the Patient with greivous tortions through all the guts but Tenasmus paineth the Patient usually in the right gut onely as appeareth by Galen in his third book De causis Symptomat And Trajanus in his sixth Chapter and Gal. de causis sympt lib. 3. Trajan cap. 8. lib. 6. The signs of Tenasmus eighth book who affirmeth the same saying Tenasmus recti inteâ—tini est effectus c. The signs and tokens of this disease are chiefly to be known by the Patients relation of the temperature of the body slender diet and egestions whether it be hard or costive or else thin or liquid The pain described In Tenasmus the pain doth not ascend so high as the navel but is chiefly felt with heat pricking and burning with a desire of emptying in the end of the sphincture the excrements being of a yellowish colour Another sign in young men like their starching now adayes but in old persons the excrements are of a more pituos slimie and bloodie substance If the disease proceed of an Impostume the Patient will feel a continual pain and the more augmented and grievous when he goeth to the stool Prognistica Tenasmus after a Dysentery is most hard to be cured Necessary observations Tenasmus in a woman with child causeth oftentimes abortion sobbing vexing or the hickoke and is very pernitious and betokeneth much drynesse Tenasmus long continuing bringeth the Collica and Iliaca Passio or Swoonding and diseases of the head Tenasmus is not numbred amongst long nor sharp diseases for that it is soon cured and if the Patient do eat and drink well there is no danger The cure How to cure Tenasmus proceeding from cold Tenasmus is cured by taking away the causes thereof from whence it doth proceed as if it come by outward cold then let there be applyed to the Ose pecken and hippes warm resolving fomentations and applications as bags of millium with salt being rosted or fried or sacks with bran sodden in wine or water and so applyed as hot as may be suffered and the fundament and parts anointed with oyles of Rew Lillies Bayes Vnguentum martiatum and such like Alexander in his sixth Chap. and eight book saith Tenasmus is cured with foments of Fenigreek and the roots of Altheae being boyled and injected into the belly and also the Patients hinder parts well suffumigated with the same decoction the Patient being compassed about close with clothes and so set over it and then the fundament afterward annointed with oyl of Roses fresh butter or goose grease with wax dissolved Bears and Capons grease and such like Item A fume of Frankencence and pitch being cast upon burning coales and the Patient set close over the fume helpeth presently Item To give present ease to that pain let two bags be filled with wheaten-bran and steeped in boyling vineger and the Patient to sit thereon so hot as may be suffered and to change them continually as the one cooleth to take another Note that in this disease of Tenasmus no cold things are to be applyed A special instruction in administring a glyster for Tenasmus at all Item such glysters as are used in this disease should not exceed half a pound and the glyster-pipe to be put into the gut not above two fingers bredth at the most in length within the gut Concerning exitus vel progressus vel procidentia Aâ—i in English the falling of the fundament THis disease for the most part is accidental to our Nation in hot countries and that chiefly after or in the time of a great flux of blood or humours although it is manifest it also happeneth in all Children more subject to this disease then old people countries and places both to young and old but chiefly to children upon divers several occasions which I list not here to amplifie having no intent to set out my work in painted phrases for I would onely arm the Chirurgions Mate how to proceed in the cure thereof at Sea and yet I know the same will take good effect also at land where that disease happeneth The Causes Causes of the falling of the fundament THe causes of this grief are too many to be named the sign thereof is manifest that it is a resolution or a relaxation of the muscles of those parts whereby the gut slippeth or slideth down lower then the natural place thereof namely out of the body The cure of this grief is for the most part short and likewise if the Patient at Sea be careful and go not out to the shrowds or Beak-head of the ship to stool neither in going force the expulsive vertue of his body over much it will not easily fall down again The Cure It is cured as followeth namely at the first going out use no other remedy then a warm soft clout and thy hands and gently return it into his due place and let the party after it is reduced sit on a hot board or have a very hot napkin doubled and applied to his fundament and another to his belly but whereas this disease for the The cure if it proceed of the fluxes of the belly most part proceedeth from the fluxes of the belly in such cases you must proceed to the cure of such fluxes of the belly and that effected you shall hear no more of this accident but if it usually fall out it is The cure if it useth often to fall down the more dangerous then you may proceed as followeth set the party over a close stoole and fume the place as warm as he can suffer it with a fume of Thus Mastick amber rosin or pitch or any one of these and being fumed well and very warm bestrew the gut fallen down with Album Gracum well powdered and fine for this is precious though
with the Quick-silver which Quic-silver flieth up to the top of the helm or head of the Still together with the spirits of salt leaving the substance of the salt as also the Colcother in the The subtile quality of Quick-silver bottome of the glasse which is thereby said to be sublimed yet neverthelesse though it seem easily to be made let none attempt to make this medicine without good direction or experience for there is no small danger in the working thereof and yet it is a good medicine well used and hath much helped the Surgeon in the outward cures of desperate diseases as namely fistulaes and rebellious ulcers Of Precipitate How Precipitate is made PRecipitate is also Quick-silver distilled in Aqua fortis which by reason of the strong spirits contained in the violent and fierce vapors of the Aqua fortis or strong water it is coloured red or glistering or yellowish as experience sheweth the vapors proceeding from this kind of preparation are also dangerous and so are the medicines made therewith being often without due respect admiÌ„nistred yea â„¥ j. of Praecipitate one dosse often Pilâ— wise by Eâ—peâ—icks And again some others which would be esteemed more excellent for invention have this medicine a little removed And then they style it Turâ—â—th mineral attributing thereto the perfect cure of the Pox perswading themselves none can do like wonders to themselves but they are children in understanding and know iâ— not onely they are opinionated and The subtilty of Mercury bold and more often kill or spoil then heal as their consciences know for mercury is a fox and will be too crafty for fools yea and will oft leave them to their disgrace whâ—n they relying upon so uncertain a medicine promise health and in the stead of healing make their Patient worsethen before Of Sinabar Whereof Sinabrium is made and the use and abuse thereof SInabar which is used in fumes for the Pox is a deadly medicine made half of quick-silver and half of Brimstone by Art of fire I mean by distillation I know the abuse of these three recited medicines hath done unspeakable harm in the Common-wealth of England and daily doth more and more working the utter infamy and destruction of many an innocent man woman and child which I would my wits or diliÌ„gence knew to help for every horse-leech and bawd now upon each triâ—â—e will procure a Mercurial flux yea many a pitiful one whereby divers innocent people are dangerously deluded yea perpetually defamed and ruinated both of their good names goods healths and lives and that without remedy Me thinks I could spend much time if I had it even in setting down the good and bad things of quick-silver and yet I confess I am too weak to to describe the tenth part of his wonders In Laudem Mercurii OR IN PRAISE OF Quick-silver or Mercurie VVHereto shall I thy worth compare whose actions so admired are No medicine known is like to thee in strength in vertue and degree Thou to each Artist wise art found a secret rare ye safe and sound And valiantly thou plai'st thy part to cheerup many a doleful heart Yet makest thy patient seem like death with ugly 〈◊〉 with stinking breath But thou to health him soon restores although he have a thousand sores The perfect'st cure proceeds from thee for Pox for Gout for Leprosie For scabs for itch of any sort These cures with thee are but a sport Thou humors canst force to sublime and them throw down when thou seest time Yea from each end diseases flie when thou art prest thy force to try Sweat to provoke thou goest before and urine thou canst move good store To vomit for diversion best in purging down thou guid'st the rest Mans body dry thou canst humeckt performing it with respect And being too moyst thou mak'st it dry who can that secret cause descry Quid non men term thee wot's thou why thou canst be faithful yet wilt lye Thy temperament unequal strange is ever subject unto change For thou art moist all men may see and thou art dry in th' highest degree Thou' rt hot and cold even when thou please and at thy will giv'st pain in ease Yet thou hast faults for I dare say thou heal'st and kil'st men every day For which I will not thee excuse nor hold them wise that thee abuse But for my self I do protest as trusty friend within my brest Thy secrets rare most safe to hold esteeming them as finest gold And why thou art the Surgeons friend his work thou canst begin and end For tumours cure yea hot or cold thou art the best be it new or old For recent wounds who knoweth thee hath got a peerlesse mystery A Caustick thou art strong and sure what callous flesh can thee indure In maturation where 't is dew thou art the best I ever knew For repercussion thou win'st praise by dissolution thou giv'st ease What 's virulent thou do'st defie and sordid Ulcers dost descry Yea fistulaes profound and fell thou searchest out and curest well No ulcer can thy force indure for in digestion thou art sure Mundification comes from thee and incarnation thou hast free To sigillate thou do'st not fail and left strange symptoms should assail The grief late heal'd thou canst convay th' offending cause another way The Alchymist by Vulcan sought from volatile thee fixt t' have wrought But thou defiest his trumpery and changest him to beggery Had I but all thy healing Art it would so much advance my heart I should not doubt equal to be In wealth to Lords of high degree But from thy ve nemous vapours vile thy corrosive sting that bones defile Thy noysome savors full of pain God give me grace free to remain For when thou ragest Bird nor Tree nor fish nor fowl can withstand thee What mineral so stout can say she can withstand thy force one day In Saturns brest thou seem'st to dwell by Jupiter foyl thou dost excel Thou Lion-like surprisest Mars rich Sol thou mak'st as pale as ash Thou Venus beauty canst allay thou Hydrage dost Elipse Luna And though thou seem'st to wrong all six not one without thee can be fix Thou art their Mother so sayes Fame which gives them cause t' adore thy name Ready thou art as women be to help poor men in misery Humble to dust and ash at will water and oyl from thee men still Tost up and down in fire thou art yet subtil Mercurie plaies her part Meek as a Lamb manly cake soft as the Wool Tiger like Millions in one one in a Million Male and Female in thy pavillion Thou Hermaphrodite as Fathers know seeming solid truly not so Thou 'lt be in all none rests in thee thy boldnesse brings Calâ—mitie Thou Idoll of the Chymists old who shall thy secrets all unfold Swift is thy wing none can thee stay when thou seem'st dead thou' rt flown away If thou be in all things as men say daily
and pleasing to your Patients as much as in true Art may be and cram not the wound too full at any time especially Wounds incised for hindring unition of parts Also if you can conveniently come to the work inlarge not especially Inlarging of Wounds in contused wounds where danger may be feared otherwise doe it warily observing that you doe it not to thwart any member neither any Veine Artery Nerve or Muscle as neare as you can possible Gun-shot wounds over compound No wound of Gun-shot can be said to be a simple wound neither ever was there any Artist that could truely say that he healed any gun-shot wound by the first intention of Vnition without due suppuration no nor any contused wound whatsoever for the composition of Gun-shot wounds are ever real and very substantial witnesse the poore patient where Fibres Nerves Membranes Veines Arteries Bones quid non suffer together so that such wounds in their recency they resemble Vlcers rather then wounds and the differences of these from other contused wounds is That other contused Difference of contused wounds Wounds for the most part suffer but by way of contusion onely and these by contusion and dilaceration if not fraction of bones c. whereby all the whole member suffereth together and also the parts adjacent and that in a high degree If discolouring blistering or other apparent shewes of a Gangrena appeare give the patient a Diaphoreticke cordial then scarify gently at the first and deeply afterwards as cause shall urge and have ready a Lixivium made of water and ashes to the height of an ordinary Lee that women use to drive bucks with and put a reasonable quantity of common Salt into it and when it is cleared if you have hearbs as Scordium wormewood Centaury Hypericon Camomil Melilot or the like or Lupnies make use of them according to Art it will be much the better if not use it without and apply it very warme with stupes often shifted and wrung out and if that cannot be had use salt water for a fomentation very warm rather then want a medicine Aqua vitae is also precious in all Lixiviums against Gangrens but you must boyle the Aqua vitae without errour for the spirits will evaporate and the vertue resteth in them Observe in great lacerated wounds as followeth viz. If you find by the wound the one halfe of the member to be taken away there is no hope to save on the rest but you are rather to make present Amputation Iust cause of amputation especially if the patient upon information of his danger be willing for that the rest is contused and must therefore admit by consequent some losse of substance by suppuration ever in a contused wound and then the remaining part can doe no service to the body but will much indanger the life of the patient by the expence of blood and spirits in the striving to save it and be but a hindrance and I dare say that if but halfe any member be taken away with the fracture of the bone it is impossible to save the rest of it on to do any service If you have haemorrage I mean bleeding or furtive bleeding or weeping of veines or arteries in your worke search for the vein or artery that bleedeth or gleeteth and try if you can make ligature on it if you cannot make ligature which seldome or never you can in Gunshot wounds then apply to the end of the veine that weepeth an actual cautery a small one will serve but apply it like it selfe very hot and apply it not all over the wound onely to that veine if you can that bleedeth you may if the flux be not great use burning hot Egyptiacum upon a button of lint dipt and quickly and neatly brought to the place whilst it is hot and then well boulstred Actual Cautery But a small actual cautery is the safer and maketh better worke or the Surgeon may use restrictive powder adding thereto burnt Vitriol Restrictive Powder a little or burnt allum and precipitate mixed which maketh a strong eskar and often restraineth a great Flux being applied thereon artificially onely precipitate will surely make bones soul in contused wounds for which cause I affect it not To take heed of an old error But ever take heed to avoid the old received error of unwise practitioners whose use is to cram the wounds be they incised wounds or contused wounds as is said ful of bole or restringent powder or some other stuffe and then thrust in pledgents or dorsels into each corner of the wound yea sometimes forgetting to take all out at the next dressing yet think they have done all workman like and very artificially not considering the harm that often ensueth thereby I dare say that in contused wounds of Gunshot by such errors they force and draw a Gangrena if not death thereby by hindering natural unition by obstructing the parts and grieving the patient in keeping the woundded parts from healing It is a safe and fair way at the first dressing ever to strive to joyn together the parts of all recent wounds and unite the wounded parts if it may be with this caution to order that fit breathing be left to evacuate the peccant humours whereof there is small feare in lacerated wounds and then to apply apt and fitting astringent medicaments outwardly over all together with apt and due ligature and by that course to stay a fluxe but in contused and lacerated wounds of Gunshot the Surgion hath not that benefit but must trust to other helps not so ready namely as is said in the lesser wounds to very warme Balmes astringent defensatives and good ligature and in greater wounds to caustick medicaments Cauteries and forcible helps to repel fluxes c. But in the Surgeon his careful desire to restraine fluxes let him ever A Caveat beware of over hard ligature as much as is possible which is also a common dangerous error and certainely draweth on evill accidents as Plegmon Gangrena c. as daily experience telleth Likewise one the other side over-slack binding is also bad due comly and smooth ligature with the due composing the parts wounded with soft and smooth boulstring greatly honoreth the Artist and cureth the patient almost as much as the medicines doe Observe also that you put never one Caustick or Escarotick medicine after another too soone namely not until the first eskarre hath beene gone at the least three daies If in a contused wound of Gunshot any slough or putrid part as proceeding from the heads of the muskets arteries veines or the like appeare in a contused wound which needeth an Escaroticke medicine and the Surgeon doe desire to cleanse that part let him use an artificial Caustick medicine namely hot Egyptiacum or an actual Cautery if you can apply it onely in that place and not all over the wound for in truth the use of them is very good in
it Solo visu interficit hominem onely by his sight killeth mankind but faith he with a limitation as not simply done Actualiter per se per speciâ—m visibilem not by the act it self and visible species of the creature but by reason of the aqueous and humid substance thereof Moreover the body of the Creature being as the Author affirmeth very porous and hollow there are sent out of it such vapours as infect the ayr which infected ayr so soon as it is drawn into mans body it doth immediately kill him in like manner this Monster in mankind the Plague killeth those whom it breatheth upon so that no man can account himself safe the disease proceeding from the influence of the Heavens as many of the most learned Writers testifie it doth so that by their great distemperatures the ayr being poysoned and infected which we are enforced to receive into the secret closets of our bodies which undoubtedly hath its original De Praescientia Dei What safety have we then or what can be a more fearful enemy to mankind then l estilential Vapours which seize upon mankind as a Thief and invade him at unawares which lurk in every corner of the house yea in his most secret chambers threatning to take away his life when he least mistrusts yea when he is in his quiet sleep as is said such is this horrid disease from the which God of his infinite Mercy deliver us and our land Of the parts of Mans body that this Disease chiefly invadeth Of the parts of man most subject to infection The parts of the body of man that this Disease chiefly delighteth to invade or seize upon are the three principall and most noble parts of man viz the Animal vital and the natural faculties which have their Three parts especially several seats in the brain the heart and the liver upon one or all these principal parts this infection useth to take hold and being on entred therein as it were in a moment of time it surpriseth subjugateth captivateth yea and triumpheth over the whole body of man and over all the faculties thereof to his utter ruine and destruction if God be not the more merciful unto him in his preservation and howsoever as it is said that the disease chiefly doth seize upon the three principal parts of mans body aforenamed yet having first so done it feareth not to shew his subtil fury all over the body and sets its mark every where without order or control Whether the Plague may be called a Feaver or not There hath been much dispute amongst ancient Writers whether the Plague be a Fever or no by reason of the subtility and unequality thereof but for what I can gather by my experience I am out of doubt The Plague a Fever that he which hath the plague is not without a Fever neither is he ever freed from the danger of that Fever untill one or more then one Crisis happen for untill either Botch Carbuncle Blayne or Spots called pestities do manifest themselves no just indication can be had what will become of the patient but that he is alwayes in expectation of Death the distemper continuing But if upon production of any the former Symptomes a digestion in nature follow as is said namely the Feaver cease the sicke person take moderate rest a Botch come to good suppuratiâ—n a Carbuncle to separation or a Blayne to yeeld his usâ—al â—nindigested quitture Symtones of recovery with mitigation of the dolour or that the Blaynes drying and withering by Gods mercy through cordial Diaphoreticks or the like that a chearfulnesse in the sicke appeare or but some one of these good signes shewing it selfe in a favourable manner there is great hope and the fear is almost past And let no man so much flatter himselfe in his owne coneir in the time of contagion when he perceiveth the ayre to be manifestly infected the disease being popular as to think with himselfe that because the Disease perhaps at the first beginneth slowly and the distemper yet dull and not much outwardly apparent upon the patient that he hath no feaver nor danger and that he may take time till the next day to consider wheather he will use remedies or no let no wise man so presume for I have seene very many strucken even at the heart when the disease could not be adjudged dangerous neither by the pulse urine nor any other certaine indicateon save onely by the complaint of the patient who under favour in that disease is not alwayes sensible of his own danger and againe how many have at the very first an apparent fierce Feaver which can no way be removed but by some of the former wayes of digestion or by Death whereby it is manifest the Plague is never without a Feaver and so all men will adjudge it that either have had it or that have followed the cure thereof in others Of the supernatural causes of this Disease The first cause Six The material causes thereof as is already declared are in part and in the prime place esteemed to be our sinnes which draw Gods wrath upon us as witnesse the Prophet Amos where he saith Shall there be evill in a City and the Lord hath not done it c. Whereby we may justly gather that when the Almighty will shew him selfe in his fury against dust and ashes he can put the Hoast of Heaven in his order to fight against us in which case we have no way to escape his judgment but by Prayer or unfained Repentance and as for all other natural or efficient causes they have as their subordinated dependances and effects from the former and are constellated put on and put off by Divine Providence viz. ex Praescientia Dei By the fore-knowledge of God Nam astraregunt homines regit astra Deus As the Poets say and the very Heathens conclude no lesse that the starres govern mans body and God governs the starres and also experience tells us that when any of the foure seasons of the yeare prove unnatural mens bodies accordingly become unnatural as sometimes by pestilential diseases wherefore to multiply words further of the primitive causes of this disease were but to detract good time and the truth thereof is manifest to all men in that this furious disease as it were disdaines any generall Method or order of cure after mans intention as it is said when it is in Rage Quicquid facimus mortale genus Quicquid patimur venit ab altâ— Which may be thus Englished That whatsover man doth or whatsoever man suffereth all proceedeth from above Of the natural causes of the Plagues by the judgment of the most ancient and moderne Writers The terrestrial causes thereof are by common consent of most writers as followeth Venemous and stincking vapors arising from Fens The causes of the Plague standing ponds or pooles Ditches Lakes Dunghils Sinckes Channels Vaults or the like as also uncleane
slaughter-houses of Beasts dead carkasses of men as in time of Warre and of stincking fish fowl or any thing that hath contained life and is putrid as also more particularly in great Cities as in London the unclean keeping of houses Lanes Allies and streets from those recited and the like infectious venemous vapors by warmth of the Sun exhaled are apt and able to infect the living bodies of men and thereby to produce the Plague which once produced is too apt by infection to spread it selfe The corruption of the Ayre a cause and become popular as experiene too much sheweth and as by corrupt meats and drinkes mens bodies are corrupted and infected even so by corrupt ayre as I have said which we can no way avoid to draw into the secretest parts of our bodies the spirits are likewise infected and poysoned to the production both of sicknesse and death if God be not the more merciful unto us for where the disease once beginneth there are many unhappy evils incident as causes conducing to Want of food a cause the increase thereof besides Vapors and one not of the least is it bringeth scarcity of food with it and that brings emptinesse of the belly and where emptinesse is there evill aire is not wanting and that aboundeth too much with the poorer sort and also where food is wanting all kinds of food how infectious or pernitious soever is used in necessity namely all raw fruits as plums peaches yea musty Corn and many things of far wilder condition and so by consequent lack of food is a great cause of the increase of the Plague so that in the Vâ—wholsome food a cause sicknesse time it is by experience dayly found that far more of the poorer fort usually have dyed then of the richer for where emptinesse and unwholsome food is in use as is repeated there the corrupt ayre doth the most harme And likewise genreally observe that where war is for the most part there is famine and those two conclude to make up a third evill namely the pestilence which God be praised we have bin long freed from the two first Thus much in brief of the Terrestrial causes of the Plague Of the precedent and accidentall signes of the Plague The precedent and accidential fignes notable in the Disease of the Plague are various and uncertaine because in truth they are seldome in any one person as in another but to speak as of the most general first appearance of the Plague it beginneth cold and with pain in the head and stomach and sometimes in the backe and if so then it is commonly taken for an Ague and therefore at first little feared Again some begin to complain of pain in the backe and such kinds of beginning are more generally hopeful of healing then when it beginneth hot in my opinion in some also it beginneth hot with pain and giddinesse of the head and pain in the stomach others at the first stroak or touch find a general discouragement and weaknesse over all the whole body others at the first being taken in the head their senses are stupified and dulled in others it beginneth with a raging and fierce fevour so that their countenance is changed their speech fayling or fainting their eyes strangely turning to and fro in a feareful manner Again others complaine of an extraordinary pain with extreame heat inward in the stomach and intrals when the outward parts are chil and cold and ready to shake again some in the beginning complain of great thirst others complain of shortnesse of breath and paine in breathing others swelling and sorenesse of their throats which being sought into no cause appeareth Others have the Almonds or Glandules of their throat much swelled and inflamed Also many are taken with great defire to sleep and with frequent yawnings and it is unsafe in my judgment to permit such to sleep before a Diaphoretick or sweating Medicine have by the patient bin taken and that it hath breathed out some of the venemous vapours by sweat with keeping them waking till the medicine have wrought his effect Others are subject to great watchfulnesse and commonly those are in their slumbers oppressed with grievous and fearful dreames and fantasies Others it beginneth with sweatings with pain of the back and a stinking of the breath and such are ever of very doubtful cure and in my opinion such have inward Carbuncles Others have swellings in the brest some also have losse of appetite evill digestion and faintnesse and some are troubled with deep hickcoks and hollow belchings Others from the beginning to the end of their sicknesse and till death have neither swelling sores nor spots also upon some at first there appeare diverse spots of a duskish colour their countenance of an unequal aspect the one cheek red the other pale Others with sweat drops on their noses a fierce countenance with grinding of the teeth And to be briefe touching signes and accidents in this most feareful disease I perswade my selfe that no man can speak of any No symptome of any disease but is incident to the infected of the Plague terrible symptome signe or indication of any disease whatsoever that hath befallen any man but that the like hath been seen and observed in some one person or more sick of the Plague for the fiercenesse thereof in some persons forceth Hemorrhage both from the greater and lesser veines and some it afflicteth with a Dissenteria Diarraea Lienteria all these from the belly and from the head it produceth Apoplexia Paralysis Lythergi Vertigo Mania with diverse other symptomes also from the throat Squinancia Angina c. Also obstructions of the bowels retention of Urine Colica and Iliaca Passio Singultus Gangrena Convulsions Contractions of Nerves and what not this fierce disease produceth to devoure poore mankind by and surely for that cause I am perswaded it is vulgarly called the sicknesse as comprehending and including all other sicknesse in it selfe Accidental signes which in this disease commonly presage death to the partie are these that follow Signes that presage death Namely when the Patient is possessed with sounding and faintings with cold and clammie sweats often changing of the countenance vomiting of slimie sharp and ill-coloured flegme either greenish yellowish blackish or bloud-coloured sanies or avoiding of Excrements disordered and discoloured either fattie blackish unctious or unnaturally stinking Convulsions Contractions of the Nerves graveling and pidling with the fingers plucking up the Bed-clothes a sudden flux of the belly of stinking matter of rustie or greenish colour a sudden going back of an Apostume Carbuncle or Bubo also when the Patient is insensible of the departure of his Urine and Excrements And yet to Gods glory I here affirme that notwithstanding the aforesaid signes or some one of them I have seene I say some one or more of the afore-named symptomes appear and that the sicke hath even in mans judgment bin as at the point of
of Amputating or cutting off of putrid members in the mortified part I after considered with my self that I could not properly proceed therein except by the defining of a Gangrene in the first place because a Gangrene is ever the fore runner of a Sphacelus and the material cause of Amputation either in the general body of Man or in any the particular parts thereof and from the which no Animal creature no not Man himself can decline from Ab initio statutum est omnibus semel mori For from the beginning all men are constituted once to dye and yet there is an interim for each man of not being in health neither really dead but quafi moriens vel semi mortuus dying or half dying In the which iâ—terim or intermission of time a man may by an accident be said to be in such a distemper as he may be gangrenated or in a Gangrena as the Artist tearms it either in part or in all and yet by the permission of God and by the help of Art that supposed dying man or member of man may receive cure and be heaâ—d again although in mans judgment not well versed in the mystery of healing he be supposed to be at the gates of death Even so a Gangrene presaging a Sphacelus may in some cases be cured as daily experience sheweth that divers Gangrenes receive cure so that to conclude a man that hath a Gangrene in one or more parts of his body untill it be taken away that man is evâ—r as it were under the Shadow of Death Nam Mors sequitur ut umbra Death attendeth us as our shadow Thus much briefly by way of Preface touching the Gangrene A Treatise of Gangrena A Definition of a Gangrene and the several causes thereof A Gangrene in his progresse may justly be termed an effect destroying nature and therefore against nature it is a disease woful painful horrible and fearful to man-kind and justly so for that it often endeth in Sphacelus which is the destruction of the part affected if not of the whole body Causes The causes thereof are infinite for number but to speak in brief in one generall term for all how the dâ—sease commeth first to invade mâ—ns body it ever proceedeth ex intemperie which is of distemper ever by force invading nature this intemperies or distemper may be said generally two wayes to be taken either Externally or Internally Externally It may be tearmed external or from without as well when it proceedeth by externall violence of the ayr by thunder and lightning or otherwise by the mighty and immediate hand of God as it doth to many or by feavours violent contagious or pestilential as Anthrace the small Pox or the like whose secret causes with the reasons thereof are hidden in God and therefore â—y mans wisdome are not to be found out although some affirm the Conjunction or Opposition of the Planets have power or give cause hereunto according to the Poet Astra regunt homines sedregit Astra Dâ—us The Stars govern mans body and God governeth the starres or it proceedeth of outward violence namely sometime by mans hand his intention or invention as by great wounds whereof great hemorrage and so as by a just consequent a Gangerne followeth as also by a violent contusion given either by violence of weapons as by wounds made by Gun-shot Swords Speares knives c. And oftentimes by obstructions in the blood sometimes caused by stripes c. whereby fractures of bones distortions of joynts contusious inflammations Convulsions great and sudden fears and other distempers proceed among which great accidents Gangrena is to be feared will be one and not the least although it may be called one of the last and it may also happen by the fall of a house a tree any weighty thing yea by a tyle a stone by the bite of any venemous Beast of a Dog and innumerable other accidents according to Gods secret appointment or permission Nam Accidit in puncto quod non reparatur in anno That may happen in a moment that cannot be repaired in a year And further a distemper may fall out to be a disease of the similar parts deprived of their naturall and proper temperament this deprivation 1. What a distemper is Simple distemper Compound distemper is caused two wayes either by a simple distemper by reason of the excesse of one quality viz. of heat cold dry or moisture or by a compound distemper by reason of the extuberance or over bearing of the two qualities together hot and moist hot and dry cold and moist and cold and dry again a distemper is either a fault of the meer quality Phlogosis alone viz. an inflammation or it hath an adjuâ—ct fâ—ult of the humours as a Phlegmon again many times a Gangrene proceedeth Phlegmon from a surfeir or a distemper of fulnesse or inanition which may proceed Intemperies by starving or recessus of dew nutriment to satisfie nature A second definition of a Gangrene Second definition of the Gangrene A Gangrene is a beginning of putrefaction being a dreadful Symptome of a disease in any member of the body and sheweth it self for the most part by inflammation with great dolour the grieved How to know it part often appearing of a sad dusky reddish colour or livid though not alwaies and being for the most part tumifieed or swollen the pain being to the judgment of the Patient so intolerable as if there were a fire-coal burning therein or the like in effect and for that reason the German Writers call this by the violent heat of the disease the Heisbrant or the hot burning coal for in truth a Gangrene is of a burning sudden fierce destroying nature and therefore against nature being a disease dreadful to mankind as is said and justly so for that it menaceth to the part affected if not to the whole body eminent destruction yea death it self except speedy remedy by Gods mercy be at hand The causes of this disease as aforesaid are many for number whereof The causes of Gangrene I will set down but part viz. It may proceed either from great hemorrage mentioned that is exceeding effusion of blood and spirits or by a distemper of the four humours proceeding either by Repletion or Inanition Or by extream erosion or corrosion of caustick Medicines or corrosive humours By imbecillity of nature as by weaknesse of infants and old age by a venemous and poysoned blood as in contagious times and namely when the small Pox or Plague reigneth Small Pox or Plague may prâ—ducâ— Gangrena's causing sudden putrefaction of humours also it may proceed by great burnings and scaldings by over-much hunger and thirst by the pricking of a nerve or of nerves by a Feavour precedent by a Frost and also by extream cold by the bitings of venemous Beasts or Wormes or mad Dogs by want of good concoction or humours by obstructions of or from any
the principall members of the body as the Heart Brain or Liver causing Convulsions Palsies Dropsies Scorbutes or the like which oft-times termine in Gangrena and after a further time they conclude in Sphacelus Also Gangrenes proceed by great incâ—sed wounds and namely amongst other wounds contused wounds chiefly I mean those of Gunshot also sometimes by fractures and dislocations also by Fistulaes and inveterate Ulcers by unreasonable stripes as with a Buls Pisle or a thong cut from an Elephants skin much used for correction in Poland Hungary and the Turkish Dominions finally from all interceptions intersections or interruptions of the spirits what or wheresoever may produce a Gangrena De Gangrena A third Definition gathered from learned Authours The third Definition of Gangrena A Gangrene is a partial mortification of a member commonly by reason of a phlegmon it may be said to be partial in that the part affected so long as the member is not throughly dead but hath in it self still a sense and feeling of pain and therefore not altogether desperate although yet it be tending to mortification and so unlesse there be some sudden help in the staying thereof it will soon turn to a total and perfect mortification after which it may no more be tearmed a Gangrene but is called of the Grecians Sphacelus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of the extinction of Sphacelus the natural heat therein and of the Latines it is called Sideratio Sideratio a totall and perfect putrefaction and moreover of the later Writers Esthiomenon in that it is so sudden piercing and penetrating unto Esthiomenon the bone and doth as it were overcome the whole man so as again it may be concluded that the difference between a Gangrene and Sphacelus as is said is a Gangrene is truly tearmed an unperfect Dif in Gang. Sphacel mortification in the fleshy parts onely but Sphacelus is a perfect and total privation of sense being a mortification not only of the fleshy parts but also of the nervous parts even unto the very bone yea and of the bone it self also The causes of a Gangrene Causx Gangr by some learned Writers are reduced to three the first is when as a member cannot receive the vital spirits proper or natural due to it from the heart by the Arteries by reason of a dissolution in the mixture or harmony of the member caused externally by extreame frigidity as sometimes it chanceth to be in a very cold and sharp Winter also by the inconsiderate and too too immoderate and rash refrigeration of a Phlegmon as also extreame calidity as by scalding Liquor or through some poysonous disposition in nature invested in the parts affected all or any of which do or may sufficiently extinguish the natural heat thereof if wholesome remedies in time be not applyed a Gangrene may justly be expected to follow Another cause is when as the vitall spirits in any member are obstructed suffocated and finally extinguished by reason of some obdurate schirrous hardnesse and constipation of the Veines arteries or pores of the skin as in venemous or pestilential Apostumes or Carbuncles is often seen so that little or none of the venemous matter conteined in the Apostume or venemous tumour can be digested or receive discussion nor be brought to suppuration by apt Medicines whereby Nature being above her strength oppressed and Art not sufficiently succouring a Gangrene is produced Another cause may be by extreame strong ligature through the indiscretion of unworthily termed Artists or of unexpert Artists as too often is manifest and sometimes by compressions or other interceptions of blood or spirits by which the vital spirits should be transported to the member grieved The signes of a Gangrene are these an extinction of the lively Sign of Gangr colour which was in the precedent Phlegmon grievous pain and continual pulsation in the diseased part apparent by the Arteries being at the first very sensible but afterwards declining their due force the part agrieved seeming for the most part in colour to be blackish blewish or of a duskie or livid colour yea sometime putrid and being opened a filthy Ichor and of an unsavoury smell proceeding from it Thus much of the signs Of the Cure of Gangrena Cure TO the performance of the cure of this disease there must be first a due consideration had of the cause Secondly of the part affected Thirdly of the fitting apt remedies for the Cure and how to proceed in the curing that disease and of the Symptomes thereof and lastly of the removing the cause which if that may be effected health doubtlesse will follow according to that Axiome of the Philosopher Ablaâ—a causa tollitur effectus but that must be expected in his due time in which there must be first considered What to be considered in the cure of a Gangrene Diet to be used for a Gangrene whether the disease proceed of repletion and if so then a general evacuation with a cooling and spare dyet must be prescribed the Patient Viz. Water with the milk of Almonds and thin brothes with cooling herbs as Lactuca Spinachia Portulaca Sorrâ—l or the like as also advising with the learned Physician where time and place serveth Barley waters also are good and the sick must be forbidden all wine and strong drink and must be contented with posset-drink Barley water and small Beer it were also fitting that there were prescribed to the patient some preparative medicaments as these Syrup Acetos Preparatives necessaâ—y Simp. Syrup Endiviae Syrup Citri Violar any of these mixed with waters as may be convenient in such a disease and after these preparatives may be used such purgatives as may purge and cleanse the blood viz. Confect Hamech Caria costrirum Diacatholicon Cassia fistula or some one of them being according to Art performed Phlebotomy usefull And if you perceive further occasion you may reiterate the use of any of them and further you may not omit the use of Phlebotomy scarrification and application of Ventoses Leeches or Vesicatories upon or nigh the part affected and according to the Patient his strength let him blood moderately and observe that in scarrification regard is to be had concerning the gangrenated part whether it penetrate or be superficial and so accordingly is scarrification to be used as for the application of Leeches it may be done upon any part thereto adjoyning or upon the part affected it self and further note that if a Gangrene follow a contusion for the most part it proceeds either by the vehemency of the contusion whereby eruption of the capillar veins yea and the larger veins also blood is forced into the Muscles confusedly as by the Echymosis may appear of the evil disposition of the Patient or it may also proceed for want of a Surgeon to apply fit and artificial applications in due time not seldome under favour by over-hard ligature But if the Gangrene appear to have
the facility thereof and for the saving of blood and spirits I have thought fit to commend to your consideration this new method as to the discretion of the Artist shall be esteemed fit Also I have observed that in surfeited delicate bodies of great personages such as are over-pomper'd with pleasure ease and fulnesse if by any way or accidents such happen to have a Gangrene seldome one of them escapeth death especially if they be ancient and have the dropsie or Scorbute and on the contrary amongst those which are weak poor indigent and miserable people which have bin by long continued ulcers fistulaes or other grievous maladies spent to extream weaknesse although seeming half dead before the work begin scarce two of ten dye amongst them upon amputation if the work be judiciously and in a fit way and time performed for I by practice have often observed that where an infirmity hath pulled down a Patient low and almost past hope of recovery especially if the disease proceeded by any outward violence that such bodies have bin by my experience found to be generally most hopeful of recovery either by amputation in the one or the other kind as the occasion will most fittest bear and on the contrary persons that are to be dismembred in full strength if it be to be acted in the sound part bear a far greater venture of their lives then the miserable dejected wretches do as aforesaid except it can be effected in the putrid part And one observation more to be by all men had in regard namely that our God in Naturehath created in mans body such a strong antipathie betwixt the living and the dead parts thereof that when by any violence in Nature either by distemperature from within testified by Feavours Pestilential or others or by the outward violence of Engines of Warre or other incident mischances as by Fractures Contusions c. whereby one part or limb of mans body becommeth sphacelated and dead before the other it is manifest that the living parts do as it were either in fear or disdain of the dead parts or for some other secret cause in Nature though not without great pain and grief notably withdraw themselves each from the other as in disdain leaving neither warmth not at all any comfort motion nor sense either by blood or spirits or ought else moving in the dead Veines Nerves nor Arteries neither any sense in the Periostcon that sensible Panicle that covereth the bones but as by a comparison of a Snail may in part be explained they wholly withdraw themselves for the Snail having by the vertue of natural warmth stretched her self out of her shell either for her necessity nourishment or delight in a moment apprehending cold or danger retyres into her shell and with all her force by her own slime shuts her self close up again and so rests her self in a supposed safety with her no doubt content even so all the living instruments faculties or vessels of Nature as in a nauseous disdain contempt or fear of the dead parts forsake the sphacelated parts and leave them utterly desperate and impotent and by vertue of the Radical Balsam of Nature contracts and shrowds her relict living parts as Artists may judge by the mortified toes of children but much the better where Art is at hand to aid Nature so that thereby the dead parts become as a noysome and heavy burthen to the living parts so as if you wound the sphacelated part it is not onely senselesse but also it is without blood or spirits at all neither doth blood or humours run any more nor so much as move in the sphacelated or putrid Veines at all and whilest lively Nature is as aforesaid shutting her dead enemy out of her living doores by stopping up all the breaches that she may hold the relict of her own if animal Art have not the charity to take her dead enemy from her yet vital agility assisted by natural motion and will in his due time doth efficiate what fairly can be expected for the assisting of Nature and supplying all defects proceeding ex intemperie all which excellent offices in Nature no question proceed de praesciencia Dei Here followeth a brief relation of amputation or of dismembring in general but more particularly being for the taking off of members in the rotten or mortified places which haâ—h in many cases been approved by the Authour thereof by his own long experience FOr brevity sake in this place I will not spend time to write of the general diseases causes or reasons that might urge the amputation of any member having elsewhere written somewhat thereof onely my intent for the present is to aquaint the younger sort with my long experienced practice for the manner of dismembring in a mortified part where just cause is offered having undertakeen it meerly for the publique good by informing the younger sort of Surgeons as well for their incouragements in the safe and warrantable putting in practice my pactical Method therein as also to shew and fore warn them from being over-much mis-led in the insisting upon old errours and traditions of their Masters Patrons and Predecessours too punctually As for example A Chirurgical â—ase put betwixt two Surgeons Suppose the younger Surgeon in consultation with his Friend or Brother Surgeon by way of asking advice should put the case and say I have a Patient that hath the toes of his feet putrefied fistulated and many wayes perforated with foul bones therein so that it is unsound even almost to the joynts of the ankle or the like and I have endeavoured by Art and with advice the best I can to heal him and cannot prevail in the Cure Wherefore since the toes of the foot cannot be cured the rest of the foot as unprofitable were as I suppose best to be taken away and no lesse of the legge also for it will be but a hinderance to the Patient considering that he cannot stand thereon and is full of grievous pain I will therefore conclude according to custome to take all off a little below the Gartering place leaving a fit room for the stilt to rest the body upon The which his said friend admitteth of as good practice and so he proceedeth to the work as being a rational and fair course and warrantable If the rest of his suggestion or indications be answerable The Chirurgical case answered and admitted unto the aforesaid allegation the work is doubtlesse good and so I my self would heretofore have done untill my practice taught me better things but now by my own practice which I much rather would ground on then upon ipse dixit I take a shorter course For if the bones of the toes of the feet onely were foul fistulated c. as is suggested yea and therefore incurable for so stands the suggestion as being so by reason of some great contusion wound or ulcer or otherwise as aforesaid with divers fragments of foul bones in them or the
Cantharides 74 Calcother or Deadhead 216 25â— Carduus Benedictus 81 Cariophili 70 Carunckle in the bladder 15 Cassia Fistula 66 Cathetor 15 Catlings 1 2 Carbuncles signes of the Plague nature and cure 331 Commentare 252 Cementum Cementatio 268 Cera citrina 74 252 Ceratio 268 Cerussa Venetarum 76 252 Chasing-dish 24 Chalibs 251 Characters usuall with Chymists from 248 to 260 China 66 253 Cinefactio 268 Cineres ligni 252 Cinnabrium 78 252 Cinnamonum 70 Circulatio 268 Clarificatio 270 Clouts 24 Close-stoole 25 Coadunatio 270 Coagmentatio 270 Coagulatio 270 Coctio 270 Cohobatio 270 Colatio 270 Colliquatio 270 Coloratio 270 Collâ—ca passio nature of it signes cures 197 198 199 200 Combustio 270 Comminutio 270 Complexio 270 Compositio 270 Confectio Alkermes 58 Hamech 56 Confrictio 270 Confusio 270 Congelatio 270 Conglutinatio 270 Conservae Anthos Cidoniorum Lujulae Prunellorum Rosar rubr 55 Contusio 270 Convulsion 88 Copperas vide Vitriol Copper vide Venus Corallus albus rubr 252 Cornu cervi 65 Corrosio 270 Cortex Granatorum Guaci 67 Costivenesse 9 200 201 Cribratio 270 Crocus Commun Martis Veneris 66 252 Crowes Bills 7 Cupping-glasses 22 Cupping ibid. Cups for Physicall potions 24 D. Decoctio 253 Deliquatio 270 Deliquium 270 Descensio 270 Despumatio .. 270 Dentes Elephantini 59 Diacodion 60 Diamoron 54 Diaprunum simplex 56 Diarrhaea or flux of the belly the cure 177 to 183 Diascordium 60 Diaphoreticks to procure sweat 318 Diatessaron 53 346 347 Diatrion piperion 57 Dies nox 253 Diet pot 23 Difflatio 270 Digestio 253 270 Dislocations 153 154 155 Dismembring 146 156 158 in Gun-shot 304. in putrid parts 387 Dissolutio 270 Distractio 270 Distillatio 270 Divaporatio 270 Drink for the Calenture 23 205 Drink for the Lask 23 Dysenteria and cure 182 183 184 185 E Ear-pickers 12 Elaboration 271 Election 271 Electuarium Diacatholicon 56 Diaphaenicon 56 de Ovo 58 344 345 de sncco Rosarum 56 Elementa 253 Elevation 271 Elixation 271 Elution 271 Emplastrum Calidum 29 De Lapide Caluminari vel grifium 29 Diacalsithres 28 Diach cum gummis 27 parvum 28 Melilot simplex pro splene 28 de Minio 29 Oxicroceum 28 Stipticum Paracelsi 27 Esker when to be pricked in Apostumes 47. lying long a good sign 47 Eskers fall must not be hastned where Nature hath breathing 47 Esker cannot by Art be kept in Apostumes 47 Evaporation 271 Euphorbium 65 Exaltation 271 Exhalation 271 Expression 271 Exitus Ani the causes and cures by fomentation and otherwise 212 213 Expressio 271 Extinctio 271 Extractio 271 Extract Cathol purg 56 Eyes ill affected to cure 215 F Farina Fabarum Hordei Tritici Volatilis 88 Fermentatio 271 Ferruminatio 271 Fever what it is with cure in generall 88 Files with their uses 10 11 Filtrum 253 Filteratio 271 Fimus Equinus 253 Fish living draw Carbuncles 365 Fission 271 Fistula's and Vlcers with cures 147 Fixatio 253 271 Fluxes the divers kinds cures 177 178 179 180. an approved remedie for the flux 25 26 Flos Aeris 253 Flores Anthes 78 Balaustiarum 78 Centauriae 79 Chamomeli 78 Hyperici 79 Melilot 79 Sambucin 79 Folia Sennae 64 Forcers 16 Forceps 17 Fractio 271 Fractures with the parts and divers cures 149 150 Falling of the Fundament vide Exitus Ani. 112 113 A Funnell necessary 24 Frixion 271 Fulmination 271 Fumigation 271 Fumes for infected aire and houses apparell 337 338 Fulnesse of stomack by nauseous humours 348 Furfur Tritici 80 G GAngreen the definition and cause 381. cure 384 385 386 Gangreene caused by losse of blood 397 Examples of Gangreâ—â—â— amputated by the Authour 397 398 Galbanum 72 Gallae 75 Gallens unguent in Amputation 159 Galens rule in Dysenteria 188 Ginger vide Zinziber Glasses 24 Glister pot 12 Glister Siringe vide Siringe Glister how to prepare with rules in the administration of it 12 13 Glister vocat Enema Fumosum with the draught or description of the Instrument or Pipe whereby we deliver it 49 Gold vide Sol. Goose Bills 7 Gradation 272 Gradus 254 Granatorum Cortex 67 Granulation 272 Gravers 10 11 Gray paper 24 Guaci Cortex 67 Lignum 67 Gummi 71 Gummi 254 Gummi Ammoniacum 71 Galbanum 72 Guacum 71 Opopanac ibid. Sagapaenum 72 Tragacanth 73 Bdellium 71 Myrrha 72 Mastick 72 Styrax 72 Benzoin 73 Ladanum 72 Pix Burgundiae 73 Communis 73 Resina 73 Gums over-grown with filthy skin and rotten with their cures 213 Guttigamba vel Cambogia 66 H HAmules 11 Hemorrhaea 87 171 Head Saw with rules in Sawing 5 Hermodactyli 65 Hooks 11 Hernia humoralis with Cure 308 Horsleeches draw Carbuncles 365 Hordeum Commune Gallicum 67 Humectation 272 Hyems 254 I IGnis 254 Ignition 272 Iliaca passio what it is the signes cures by Cataplasmes Fomentations Glisters Potions c. 194 195 196 Illiquation 272 Imbibition 272 Imbution 272 Incarnative medicines 89 Inceration 272 Incineration 272 Incision 1 2 Incision by Caustick 1 Incision by the Caustick stone 47 Ink. 24 Incorporation 272 Infusion 272 Inhumation 272 Injections into the yard with the manner how to insert 14 Injections of Mercury bad for the yard 14 Insolation 272 Intemperature in general what it is and what intemperature of the Liver is 87 Irons to cauterize 7 Irrigation 272 Iron vide Mars 248 Jupiter or Tin ibid. K KNives for Amputation or dismembring with their use 2 Knives for Incision 1 2 L LAc Virginis 240 Ladanum 72 306 Lanxthorn 24 Lapis Calaminaris 254 Granatus 254 Hematites 254 Magnetis 254 Prunellae 254 Sabulosus 254 Lateres Cribrat Integr 255 Ladanum Opiat Paracelsi 59 189 to 194 Lancet with the use 18 Lead vide Saturn 239 Lenticular 316 A Levatory 4 Levigatio 273 Limatio 273 Limatura Martis 255 Limon juyce 165 Limon water 39 Linimentum Arcei 35 Liquatio 273 Liquefactio 273 Liquiritia 67 Lixivium 210 Lixivium Commune Forte 44 Lixivium lucinium 255 Lotio commun 43 273 Lues Venerea 254 Luna 239. Crescens decrescens 254 Lupines 74 Lutation 273 Lutum Commune Sapientia 255 Lienteria 177 Lythargicum 77 Argenti 256 Auri. 256 Ptumbi 256 M MAcis 70 Maceration 273 Mallet and Chissel for Amputation 5 Marchasita 256 Mars or Iron 236 Mastick 70 Maturation 273 Mel simplex 37 257 Mel. Rosarum 54 Saponis 33 Measures for Chirurgions 310 Melissa 81 Mellilotum 81 Mensis 256 Mentha 80 Mercurius 238 248 Mercurius Jovis 256 Lunae 256 Martis 256 Praecipitat 256 Saturni 256 Sublimat 256 Solis 256 Veneris 256 Mercury praised in general and also dispraised 239 256 Methridatum 58 Metals sâ—ven in number their vertues names and Characters 239 248 Minium 77 Minii Emplastrum 29 Mint-water 40 Minutum 257 Mirabolans 65 Mistion 273 Mollition ibid. Mortar and Pestel 24 Mullets 11 Multiplication 273 Mundification 273 Mummia 74 Myrrhe 70 N NEck of a glister Siringe may be crooked 12 Nippers for Amputation 5 Needles and stitching quills 18 Niter salt 47 217 Nutrition 273 Nux Muscata
it is of temperament hot and dry it was devised by Avicen named Apostolorum for that it consisteth of twelve several ingredients joyned into one body Vnguentum Aureum THis unguent serveth well to incarn wounds and ulcers being first well mundified it is also to be used as a balm to them to heal them and is a good healer of burnings and scaldings the fire first taken out The composition which I do make is of the practice of Josephus Querâ—itanus whose good use I have made trial of Vnguentum Egyptiacum THis unguent serveth to scowre it mundifieth all rotten foul ulcers and is best to be put into the grief scalding hot for then the usual pain and corrosion it procureth will be quickly past in like manner it is to be used in any venemous wounds made either with poysoned shot or bitten with mad dogs or any other venemous creature or great contused wounds wherein for preventing them from fear of a Gangreen it excelleth It serveth also well to be used alone or mixed with any lotion for ulcers of the mouth and throat especially in the scurvie This unguent drieth vehemently and is abstersive it is of temperament hot and dry and was devised by Mesues Vnguentum album Camphoratum THis unguent is very good to cool and heal any hot moist pustles it cureth excoriations of the skin in any place but chiefly in the yard betwixt glans and praeputium it also healeth burnings and scaldings very well and is good to be applyed to any painfull ulcer for it asswageth pain and healeth well It was invented by Avicen it is of temperament cold anodine mollificative and attractive and therefore of very good consequence in the Surgeons Chest Vnguentum Diapompholigos THis unguent is good to heal painful ulcers in any part of the body especially of the yard or betwixt glans and praeputium as also any fretting or painful ulcers of the leggs or elsewhere I have found it good before all other unguents in ulcers of the yard indeed against virulent painfull and corrosive ulcers scarce a better composition is known in Noli me tangere in the face I have had good experience of it and in many other occasions I have found it a very useful unguent of temperament it is cold and dry Nicolaus Alexandrinus was the Author of it Vnguentum Pectorale IT swageth the pains and stitches of the breast and sides easeth the cough helpeth expectoration as also to digest grosse humours and to attenuate them it warmeth and comforteth a cold stomack This composition is set down in the Dispensatory of Augustanus Vnguentum Rosatum THis is used against inflammations Ignem sacrum and all hot pains of the head it asswageth the pains of the liver kidnies and belly proceeding of heat and hath vertue to corroborate It was invented by Mesues Vnguentum Tripharmacon or Nutritum THis serveth well to cure an Erysipilas excoriation or bladderings of the skin such also as are termed the Shingles it is also good for to take the fire out of burnings and scaldings and for any moist humour flowing to any ulcers in any part of the body being spread upon cap-paper thin and laid over the whole distempered part also against any sleight scabbinesse or itching humour whence soever it is it â—â—â—an especial good defensative against any scalding or vicious humour flowing to any ulcer Of temperament this unguent is cold and dry it is subject to divide it self namely the Oyl Litharge and Vinegar asunder which if it be wrought together again will be as good as at the first and if it be over dry add vinegar and oyl thereto and it will be as good as ever Unguentum Populeum THis serveth well to asswage the pains of the Sourvy by anointing the parts grieved there with I may justly say upon the experience of divers skilful Surgeons and my own also that as well in hot as in cold countries it hath been found so exceeding comfortable and behoveful that scarce any composition of an Unguent in the Surgeons Chest may compare with it which some may think is a very absurd affirmation in reason but that experience will have it so It is good also to annoint the Temples to provoke rest in hot fevers as also the palms of the hands and soles of the feet It is likewise good to be applyed for swaging of pain in any part of the body and being applyed cold upon a Plegent where you have laid any corrosive it easeth the dolour of the caustick medicine Of temperament it is cold and moist it was devised by Nicolaus Mel Saponis MEl Saponis is honey and sope mixed ana partes aequales and is a medicine appointed to be first applyed upon a burning or scalding to take the fire out It is a linament of ancient use amongst our countrey Surgeons and good but I find it not mentioned in ancient Writers in want whereof use Tripharmacon or an infusion of Vinegar and Litharge namely â„ž Litharge of gold in powder â„¥ 4. wine Vinegar lib i. mix them well and boil them very gently a little on the fire and the Vinegar will become sweet as sugar and very anodine foment the grief therewith and you shall find present ease to the party Or take Populeum and unguentum album mixed and apply it on soft cap-paper first being well rubbed with your hand to make it so or take Diacalcithios or Minium plaster and mix it with Linseed-oyl or oyl of Elders till it be a gentle unguent and so apply it or Tripharmacon alone will do well also Honey alone is a good medicine Unguentum contra ignem THis composition used that purpose you shall find in Johannâ—s Weckerus his Dispensatory pag. 1174. I have found it very good against burnings and scaldings as also against burnings with Gunpowder Where I write the compositions of my medicines in general that also shall be expressed In want of this composition the Vng. album either alone or mixed with Tripharmacon will do very well which if it be too hard or dry you may mix oyl of Roses or Linseed with it and for want of this you may take Diacalcithios or Minium mixed or relented with any of the said oyles or any other fitting oyl as oyl olive simple also unguentum Basilicon is very good in burnings and scaldings Unguentum contra scorbutum THe composition of this Unguent is recited in the cure of the Scurvy I have had the practice thereof and found it very good to attenuate grosse tumors of the Scurvy to asswge the pains of them and by the use thereof to dissolve such tumors I use this Unguent in cold causes and in want thereof ung Martiatum or Oleum Laurini or Dialthea but in hot griefs and very painful I use Populeum Unguentum Dialthea compositum THis Unguent Nicolas an ancient writer seemeth to be the Author of It is profitable against pains of the breast proceeding of a cold cause and against the Pleurisie it warmeth mollifieth and
affirmeth it safe and good of his own Practise and M. Richard Wood a worthy Father in Chirurgery confesseth the same in small joynts to be good but not in the knee Note also it is convenient if the occasion of dismembring grow by reason of a Gangrene the body of the party and spirits not wasted before with long sicknesse to let go some reasonable quantity of blood in dismembring because it is supposed to be venomous but in a spent weak body who hath had a long pining disease preserve his blood and spirits as careful as if they were thine own and yet remembring this one rule which all the London Hospital Chirurgions hold there is more hope in a weak spent body then in a full body note further that if the legg be taken off above the knee there is the more danger also there is great care to be had to the great vein and artery namely that thou take them up and pierce them thorow and make strong ligature about them which must be speedily done if thou canst do it but at first I fear thou wilt miss yet be not discouraged nor stand too long to seek them but go on with like hope Also if the occasion of dismembring proceed of a Gangrene by reason of an inward cause it were requisite to take the member off four fingers above the Gangrene at the Least if the member will bear it and let the Patient have some cordial potion furthermore in dismembring where there be two bones as namely in the leg it is not amiss to set the Saw first on the outward part of the leg that both the bones might be cut at once for the lesse thou shalt shake the member the better and the more ease to the Patient moreover concerning the second The composition of M. GallesVaguent and the good use of it dressing M. Gall teacheth this unguent following if occasion be as a good remedy to swage pain and cause the Eskar to fall but for my part except pain did cause me I should never respect the hasting of the Eskar to fall for I am of opinion as I have said in other places that it is frivolous to hasten the fall of any Eskar whatsoever which Eskar was forced by caustick medicines and yet I deny not this or the like unguent may be found to be of good use to swage pain therefore I have set it down and it is as followeth â„ž Terebinthine â„¥ ij Butyrirâ—ceâ—tis â„¥ iiij Cera â„¥ i ss Ung. Populeon lib. ss melt these together and it is made then being warmed dip plegents therein and apply them but in want of this ungueâ—t a good digestive of Tâ—â—ebinthine and the yolk of an egg is as good Erplastrum de minio mollified with a little oyl of Roses Ung. Basilicum or Arceus Liniment are likewise good remedies the rest of the cure differeth little from the ordinary cure of ulcers only a great care must be had that all your dressings be warm and keep the cold from the end of the stump as much as you can and chiefely from the end of the bones to which purpose warm oyl of Roses daily applyed to the ends thereof will do well further to foment it with a good Lixivium wherein is strong wine is good after some fourteen daies sometimes also it will do well to make one dressing with Aqua viâ—â—e wherein a stup hot wrung out of the same may be warm applyed to the grief and then warm clothes and convenient rowlings and sometimes also one dressing with dry lint or of soft tow is likewise good and sometimes unguentum mixtum viz. Basilicum Aegyptiacum ana partes aequal The compositiâ—â— of the Cataplasme The defensative Cataplasme or stuff often mentioned is made of the ordinary restrictive powder prescribed in the chest mixed with the white of an egge and wine venegar the strongest restrictive of all is already set down but in ordinary fluxes in wounds Bole may serve very well Thus much for this time touching dismembring being according to mine own practise Of the Scurvy called in Latine Scorbutum The Preface Marineâ—s most subject to the Scurvy THis lamentable disease which hath so long and so fiercely assailed Saylers and Sea-men of all sorts more then Landmen It is strange in so many ages past that no one Chirurgeon of our countrey men hath out of his experience taken in hand sincerely to set down to posterities the true causes signes and cure thereof neither left any instructions caveats or experiences for the prevention or cure of the same yet it may be some may say the cure thereof is common and we have in our own countrey here many excellent remedies generally known as namely Scurvy-grasse Horse-Reddish roots Nasturtia Aquatica Worm-wood Sorrel and many other good means the truth is we have so but mark how far they extend onely to the Cure of those which live at home or else it may be said they also help some Sea-men returned from far who by the natural disposition of the fresh air and amendment of diet nature her self in effect doth the Cure without other helps as daily it is seen This thing therefore being so what should I spend my time in teaching that Method or those medicines to the Chirurgions Mate which will not be had at Sea neither if they could be had will suffice for the Cure thereof where the disease raingneth fiercely This Treatise most concerneth Sea-men Having therefore very small time I must constrain my self to go briefely to the businesse in hand namely to enform the Chirurgions Mate how he should demean himself to comfort his Patients at Sea in that most dangerous disease neither will I here strive to give the curious Reader other content then this that if he like it not let him amend it himself which I should heartily rejoyce to see any good man do knowing mine own weakness A learned Treatise befits not my Pen and to declare those good medicines which cannot be had at Sea is but time lost What the Disease called the Scurvy is Definition of the Scurvy and the nature thereof THE Scurvy is a disease of the spleen whereby it is sometimes wholly stopped sometimes onely distempered sometimes also appearing with hard Scyrros swellings beginning and shewing themselves in divers parts of the body but more particularly on the thighes and leggs causing them to seem of a Leady colour the sharpnesse of which infectious humor oft offendeth the mouth and gummes of the diseased and causeth the flesh thereof to rot and stink The names of the Disease The divers appellations thereof THe Scurvy is called of some Cathexia universalis of other Sceletyrbe and of some Stomacacen it is a Chronical disease not simple but compound of many other diseases The causes of the Disease FIrst the Disease comes as is said by obstructions of the spleen and by the thicknesse of the humour not the multitude Some judicious Writers do affirm