obligations and the saide Iuell to king Francis willing him on his part to signifie vnto the king first for the 400000. crownes of debt dew vnto the sayde king of England by the Emperour the king his master would giue the King libertie to paye them in fiue yeares The 500000. crownes forfayted to him by the Emperour for not marrying the Lady Mary the sayde king of Englands Daughter hee would frankely giue him and the flower de luce hee woulde lykewyse giue to his Godsonne Henry Duke of ORLEANS the kings second sonne and thus was the sayde flower de luce and all the Emperours oblygations by the king of Englands commandement delyuered contrarie to the Emperours expectation into the kings hands and the sayd Emperour satisfied in all his demaunds therevpon the kings children set at libertie the article for the restitution of Burgundie released and the amitie betwene the two kings continewed And the next yeare 1530. the king maried Elenor 1530. the Emperours sister and the sayde Emperour receaued the crowne Imperiall of the Pope at Bolonia vpon Saint Mathias day being his birth day where the peace betwene the king him was sworne anew All the states of Italie were reconciled to the Emperour Francis Sforce was restored to his duchie of Milan and the Emperour was inuested by the Pope of the Realme of Naples who also at the Popes request sent an armie to besiege Florence beecause the Florentines during the time of the Popes emprisonment in the hands of the Imperials had chaced all the house of Medices out of Florence and spoyled all their goods In this siege the Prince of Orenge generall of the Emperours armie was slaine But the sayd Citie was so distressed that in the end it yelded was deliuered into the Popes hands who punished them with great seueritie suppressed their liberties and cleane altered their state This yeare also Ferdinand the Emperours brother was chosen King of Romaines and the Realme of Fraunce for certaine yeares remayned in peace Cap. II. The Practises of the kings of Fraunce and England against the Emperour The Turke inuadeth Hungarie The Pope and the Emperour meete at Bolonia and the Pope and the king at Marseilles Henry the kings sonne marrieth the Popes niece The King of England falleth from the Pope Pope Clement dyeth Paulus the third succedeth The Duke of VVirtemberg recouereth his Duchie NOtwithstanding both the KINGS 1531. minde likewise the king of Englands were exulcerated against the Emperour the one beecause he saw himselfe dispossed of the Duchie of Milan the conquest whereof had beene so chargeable both to his predecessor and to him the other because the Emperour defended against him the cause of his Aunt wife to the said king of England disswaded the Pope from graunting any Bull of deuorce betweene him and the sayde Lady whom the king was desirous to put away because she had beene first his brothers wyfe and by the lawes of God could not bee lawfull wyfe to him But the king of Fraunce was so impourished and wearied with long warres that he thought it not time to attempt aught against the Emperour as yet Notwithstanding he laboured to draw the Pope to his partie by offering a mariage beetweene the second sonne of Fraunce Catherin niece to the sayd Pope which afterward also tooke effect And not content therewith hee sought also to stirre vp the Turke against the Emperour and farther both he and the king of England practised a consederacie with such of the Princes of Germanie as they knew to be euell affected to him In this yeare also the kings mother dyed and the duchie of Britaine was incorporated to the crowne of Fraunce In the yeare 1532. the Turke by the kings perswasion as the Emperour sayde inuaded Hungarie hauing 1532. spoyled and robbed all the Countrey retourned sodainely to Constantinople contrarie to the expectation of the king of England and Fraunce both the which hating the Emperour most deadly met together about this time at Bouloyne and after went both together to Calais where they were agreed to haue proclaymed warr against the Emperour during the Turkes inuasion of Hungarie But the Turkes sodaine departure out of the sayde Realme and his retourne to Constantinople caused them to alter their mindes and to deferre the warre till a more conuenient time Notwithstanding wisely they gaue foorth that their meeting was to conferre together how to make resistance against the Turck the better to colour their pretence they sent Ambassadours to diuers Princes of Germanie other potentates of christendome to perswade thē to enter into league with them against the sayd Turck But the Emperor 1533. on the otherside not being ignorant of these their practises came into Italie and the Pope and he met together at Bolonia wher in outward demonstrations were great signes of loue and amitie But it well appeared that their harts were farre asunder for the Emperour obtained no thing of that he desired For first he perswaded the Pope to bestow his niece Catherine of Medices vppon Francis Sforce Duke of Milan and secondarelie that he would assemble a generall councell both the which were denied him onely the Pope at the Emperours earnest sollicitation and because he would not altogether discontent him agreed to enter into league with the Emperour with the king of Romains his brother and the other potentates of Italie all saue the Venetians who refused to be comprehended in the sayd league for the defence of their estates in Italie and each man was rated what charges he should beare in those warrs But with what minde this league was made soone after well appeared for the Emperour was no soner departed into Spaine but the Pope the king met at Marseilles wher the mariage betwen the second sonne of Fraunce and the Popes niece was accomplished farther the king moued the Pope for the Bull of deuorce betwene the king of Engand and his wife the Emperours Aunt which had before bene graunted in the yeare 1529. and sent into England to Cardinall Campegius in whose hands it remained till the Pope for feare of the Emperour commaunded it to be burned and at this time also notwithstanding the kings solicitation for the same reason it could not be obtained Wherefore the king of England withdrew him selfe and 1534. his Realme from the Popes obedience and proclaimed him selfe supreme head of the Church within his owne dominions Soone after this meeting the Pope dyed and Alexander Farnese succeded him by the name of Paule the third Farther the Duke of Wirtemberg ioyning vnto him the Lantzgraue of Hesse by the kings solicitation with his monie inuaded the Duchie of Wirtemberg wherof the sayd Duke had before bene dispossessed by the king of Romaines and recouered it little to the sayd king of Romaines contentment who notwithstanding fearing farther troubles in the absence of his brother the Emperour in Spaine was forced to wink
Venetians beeing thus low brought and seeing so many princes against them determined to take some course to dissolue this cōfederacie wherfore they humbled themselues first vnto the Pope and found meanes to be reconciled vnto him for you shal vnderstand that after this victorie aboue mentioned partly commiseration of the venetians moued him to fauour them but especially the kings greatnesse in Italie beecame very odious terrible vnto him in such sort that he also secretly withdrew the king of Aragon from the kings friendship ioyned him in league with the Venetians they restoring vnto him the ports in Pouille aboue mencioned which they held and the Pope himselfe putting him into a continuall ielousie that if the french affaires prospered in Italie he should bee constrained againe to fight for the realme of Naples notwithstanding his mariage with the kings niece But in very truth the thing that most troubled the Pope most caused him to enuie the kings good successe was ielousie of his owne estate beecause many cardinalls hated him and obiected many crimes against him all the which had intelligence with the king wherfore the saide Pope to the ende hee mought omit no thing that tended to the ouerthrow of the kings proceedings these Cardinalls practises hiered the Swyssers 1510. to inuade the Duchie of Milan and to abandon their league with the french which being begun by Lewis the xi expired at this very instant could not be renewed beecause the Swyssers demanded proudly greater pēsions thē they had before which the king partly through disdaine partly through couetousnesse would not condescend vnto wherevpon they entered into league with the Pope against the king inuaded the dutchie of Milan but for wāt of victuals monie they were forced at this time to returne home without any exploit done Farther the said Pope now shewing himselfe openly to bee the kings enemy together with the Venetians prepared a nauie to surprise Genoua and so this Pope that was the first kindler of this warre against the Venetians the principall author of the league of Cambray was also himselfe the first that brake it notwithstanding all the kindenesse that hee had receaued at the kings hands But the nauie aboue mentioned appoynted to inuade Genoua was ouerthrowen and dispersed by the French nauie and so all the Popes enterprises against the king fayled and came to naught farther you shall vnderstand that the Pope had a quarell to the Duke of Ferrara as well for certaine townes which hee withheld from the Church as also for selling of salt at Comache without the Popes permission which thing beeing his vassall hee mought not doe as the Pope sayde for the which cause hee inuaded his countries but the king to requite the Popes disloyaltie and ingratitude towards him receiued the Duke into his protection and defended him against the Pope which not a litle increased their euill will The king also to crie quittance with the Pope 1511. tooke Bolonia from him which not long beefore hee had deliuered to him and restored it to the Bentiuoli whom also hee receiued into his protection by meanes whereof extreame hatred grew beetweene the Pope and the King so farre foorth that the King withdrew his Realme from his obedience and celebrated a councell at Pisa against him which was afterward transported to Milan And the Pope on the otherside excomunicated the whole Realme of Fraunce and celebrated a counsell at Lateran against the king But not onely spirituall but also temporall armes were exercised betweene them for the Pope hiered the Swyssers to inuade the Dutchie of Milan the second time but they being corrupted with French crownes soone returned bome deluded the Popes hope which hee perceauing waged a great armie of Spaniards and Italians against the king and against the Counsell or as hee termed it the Conuenticle of Pisa and the king on the other side in the name of the sayde counsell of Pisa sent a mightie armie against the pope as a Simoniac a trobler of Christendome a drunkard and a periure And after diuers skirmishes beetweene the two armies and surprises of townes and such like feates of warre achieued ensewed the great battayle of Rauenna which was fought vpon Easter day It is written by diuers that Pope Iulius seeing his forces issew out of Rome 1512. tooke Peters keyes and threw them into the Riuer and withall girt himselfe with a sword adding these wordes that since Peters keyes could doe him no more seruice hee would see if Paules sword could stand him in any better steede which accion of his the learned Melanthon hath properly expressed by these verses folowing In Gallum vt fama est bellum gesturus a cerbum armatam educit Iulius vrbe manum accinctus gladio claues in Tibridis amnem proijcit saeuus talia verba facit Cum Petri nihil efficiant ad prelia claues auxilio Pauli for sitan ensis erit Which may bee thus Englished When Iulius against the force of Fraunce sent foorth his troups armed with pike launce this fury fell inflamde with ire and moode the sacred keyes into the famous flud of Tyber flange and tho with might and maine wayuing his glaiue thus spake in great disdaine sith Peters keyes auayle naught in this case the sword of Paule shall now supply their place But to returne to the Historie In the battaile of Rauenna aboue mentioned the Pope with his confederats namely the king of Aragon the Venetians wer ouerthrowen But Monsieur de Foix the kings nephew generall of his forces through his owne to great hardinesse or rather rashnesse pursuing his enimies with a small troupe was entrapped and slaine whose death the king tooke so greuously that he wished he had redemed his life with the losse of al that he held in Italie The said de Foix his death so astonished the French armie though victorious that for want of a generall sufficient to supplie his place they pursewed not the victorie as they ought to hauedone but gaue their enemies libertie to breath repaire their forces which if they had not done the king mought not onely haue recouered the realme of NAPLES but also haue disposed of all the rest of Italie as it had pleased himselfe Rauenna was sacked in reuenge of Monsieur de Foix his death Cap. 7. The king celebrateth the counsell of Pisa against the Pope and the Pope the counsell of Later an against him The Pope stirreth vp Maximilian the Emperor the kings of England Spaine the venetians the swissers against the king The king loseth Milan and Genoua The king of Spaine conquereth Nauarra Aeter this victorie the king returned to celebrate the counsell of Pisa and by authoritie thereof to deposse the Pope hauing the Emperour Maximilian in apparance concurring with him and as some report affecting the Papacie for himself meaning to resigne the empire to his nephew Charles though as yet but a childe
and townes confederated with them against him perswading the Pope who sent him ayde in these warrs that his quarel was Religion but to the princes Protestāts of Germanie many of the which were in his Camp ayded him he pretended that he made warr vppon them for their rebellion although in truth neither of both these were the cause motife of this warre but his owne ambition for his purpose was by vsing the Germanies help against the Germaines so to weaken both parts and in the meane time so to plant garrisons of Spaniards in the strong places of the countrey that in the ende he mought make the easier conquest of the whole And such successe he had at the beginning of these warrs that he toke the Duke of Saxonie prisoner made the Lantzgraue come yeld him selfe to his mercie but with this condition that he should not be detained in prison which article the Emperour so gloased with a Spanish exposition that that notwithstanding he emprisoned him alleadging that the article mentioned onely perpetual emprisonment The Palfzgraue also and the Duke of Wirtemberg and diuers other Princes and free Townes submitted them selues to him and with their money bought their peace You haue heard before how Henry the eight king of England dyed a little before king Francis and left behinde him Prince Edward his sonne a childe about tenne yeares of age the sayed King Henry before his death had practised a marriage in Scotland betwene the sayd prince his sonne afterward called Edward the vj and the heyre of Scotland being about foure yeares of age and so farre this matter was proceded in that the greatest part of the states of Scotland had giuen their consent thereunto but after king Henrys death by the perswasion of the Queene mother being of the house of Guyse and by the practise of the French faction who could not endure this vniting of these two Realmes by the sayd mariage the treatie made with king Henry was disauowed and a practise set on foote to bestow this yong Princes vpon the Daulphin of Fraunce for the which cause the English men entered into Scotland with a mightie armie spoiled all the countrie whom the Scotts encountering with all their forces at a place called Muscleborow were ouerthrowen and a great number of them slayne in September this yeare 1547. after the which victorie the English men tooke manie Castles and strong places and entered as farre as Edemborough the chiefe Citie of the Countrey and fortified Hedington a strong Towne where what happened what issue these warres had hereafter you shall heare The Emperour hauing ended his warres aboue mentioned in Germanie and established the 1548. Interim which was a forme of Religion to bee obserued till the assemblie of a generall counsell came downe into the low countries leading the Duke of Saxonie and the Lantzgraue with him as it were in triumph to the no small griefe of diuers Princes of the Empire especially of Duke MAVRICH sonne in law to the sayde Lantzgraue as the sequell shall well declare About this tyme also the Prince of Spaine the Emperours sonne came out of Spaine into Italie and from thence to Bruxelles to his father beeing honorably receaued in all places through which he passed But the Realme of Fraunce beeing deliuered from forrayne warres beeganne to bee vexed with domesticall seditions for a great rebellion was raysed at BOVRDEAVX and through all GVIENNE and XAINTOIGNE for a newe imposition increased vppon Sault for the appeasing whereof the Constable and Monsieur d'Aumalle were sent into those partes who punished very sharply them of BOVRDEAVX because they had slaine the kings officers and commited many disorders and tooke from them all their priuiledges and condemned both them and other townes that had offended in great summes of money and so appeased the tumult Cap. 2. The King aydeth the Scots against the English hee inuadeth the Countrey of Boulonoys The Queene of Scots is caried into Fraunce Paule the third dyeth Iulius the third succedeth peace betwene England and Fraunce YOu haue heard how the last yeare the English men were entered into Scotland as farre as Edingbourg and had ouerthrowen the Scots at Muscleborow for the which cause the Scots sent into Fraunce for ayde and the King knowing how preiudiciall it should bee for him and his Realme to suffer the English men to nestle in Scotland sent thether an armie of 6000. men vnder the leading of Monsieur d'Esse Strozzi the Rhingraue and others who made head against the English men and much endamaged them wanne Hedington which they had fortefied from them while in the meane time their nauie conueighed the young Queene into Fraunce notwithstanding the English nauie that lay vpon the Sea to stoppe their passage purposly to haue surprised the sayde young Queene and to haue brought hir into England but the French nauie escaped them and ariued safly in Fraunce After the conueighing away of the young Queene the king reuoqued d'Esse and sent de Thermes a valiant souldier and a wise man to take the charge of his armie in Scotland willing him to busie the English men on that side while the French forces entered into the Countrey of Boulonoys for notwithstanding that peace had beene concluded as before you haue heard betwene king Francis and king Henry before their death and afterward confirmed also betwene the two Realmes yet that notwithstanding the French perceauing the Realme of England to be vexed with seditions because of the alteration of Religion vsed that opportunitie and besieged Bouloyne but could not take it notwithstanding diuers other small peces held by the English in the countrey of Boulonoys namely Boulonberg Hambletow and Montlambert and diuers other they toke This yeare also the tenth of Nouember died Pope Paule the third to whom after three moneths dissencion in the Consistorie succeded Iulius the third and this yeare also in December died Margaret Queene of Nauarra sister to king Francis a Lady of an excelent spirit But after these wars aboue mentioned had thus passed as you haue hard since the beginning of this kings 1550. reigne betwene the French English nations as well in Scotland as in Boulonoys both parts disposed thēselues to peace England was afflicted not onely with sorraine warrs but also with domesticall seditions of the commons and dissentions among the nobles the French king was entered into practise against the Emperour both in Italie with Octauio Prince of Parma and in Germanie with duke Maurice and diuers other Princes who hated the Emperour deadly for his extreame tiranie vsed against the liberties of their country Wherefore the King meaning to attempt somewhat against the Emperour was the more inclined to make peace with England thereby to haue all cleere on that side of Fraunce Both the Realmes therfore being thus disposed to concord their commissioners met concluded peace with these cōditions Boloyne was restored to the French for the which they payed
to the king of England 400000. crownes The king of England promised to marie Elizabeth the eldest daughter of Fraunce afterward wife to Philip king of Spaine Both English and French departed Scotland which was ordained to be gouerned by one of their owne nation and both the Kings were made knights each of others order Cha. 3. The warres of Parma and Mirandula The kings nauie spoyleth diuers Holandish shippes The Turke winneth Tripoli THe king hauing thus established peace on that side of his realme began to attend to his forraine practises against the Emperor as well in Italie as in Germanie The first attempt that he made against the Emperour was the warre of Parma in Italie which began 1551. vpon this occasion Petrus Aloisius Franesius sonne to Pope Paule the third had giuen him by his father with the consent of the consistorie of Cardinalls Parma and Placencia in exchaunge of other lands and was created Duke thereof This Peter the tenth of September in the yeare 1547. was slaine in his owne house not without the consent of Ferdinando Gonzaga gouernour of Milan for the Emperour as it was thought For presently vpon his death the said Ferdinando came to Placencia and entered into it and placed a garrison in it to the Emperours vse and farther alowed Giouanni Aguzzolo who killed the sayde Peter with his owne hands twentie souldiours for his guard Octauius Peters sonne and sonne in law to the Emperour for he had married the Emperours base daughter widow of Alexander Medices duke of Florence demaunded of the Emperour against Gonzaga iustice of his fathers death and that Placentia mought bee restored to him againe but receauing frō him no thing but delatorie answers fearing to be spoiled of Parma as alreadie he was of Placentia hee sought for succour at the hands of Iulius tertius newly chosen Pope who misliking the Emperours greatnes in Italie perswaded Octauius to put himself vnder the protection of France not so much regarding Octauius good thereby as hoping by this meanes to set these two Princes at variaunce which hee accompted the onely preseruation of his owne estate But the Emperour on the other side beeing exceedingly offended with this reuolt of Octauio to the French practised with the Pope to claime Parma as the right of the Church and to excomunicate Octauio as the Church rebel promising him if he would so doe that hee would enter into these warres and besiege Parma and restore it to the Church if it were recouered Wherevpon the Pope respecting his owne profit more thē his credit or the goodnesse of the cause vtterly abandoned Octauio and ioyned with the Emperour in this warre But the king hauing receaued Octauio into his protection and that by the Popes owne perswasion promised to defend him both against the Emperors ambition and violence and likewise against the Popes trecherous inconstancie who as you haue heard being reuolted from Octauio ioyned with the Emperour in this warre in hope to recouer Parma for the Church wherefore the king fortefied Parma and manned it and likewise Mirandula the Earle whereof fearing continually to be surprised by Gonzague ioyned with the French and receaued into the towne certaine French bands sent thither out of Piemont by the marshal Brissac Gonzague on the other side by the Emperours commaundement went and besieged Parma but all in the Popes name for neither would the Emperour seeme to attempt any thing against the King but onely to aide the Pope in a iust cause neither would the King seeme to attempt any thing against the Emperour but onely to ayde Octauio beeing vnder his protection in his iust cause But this dissimulation betweene these two Princes held not long for as Monsieur d'Andelot passed through the Emperours dominions in Lombardie with certaine bandes of men to put himselfe into Parma by the Kings commandement notwithstanding that they passed quietlie without harme doing as in their friendes country yet was the said d'Andelot staied prisoner by the Imperialls and iustefied for a good przse wherevpon the King charged the Emperour with breach of the truce and beegan to make warre vpon him on all sides A man may thinke the King was not well aduised to enter into this warre for Octauios cause in whom being the Emperours sonne in law he could repose no assured trust and who hee mought assure himselfe vpon the restitution of Placentia would alwaies be ready to giue him the slip so in deede he did being restored therevnto in the yeare 1556. But you must know that the king vsed this matter but as a coulour to prouoke an open warre beetweene the Emperour and him as hee was sure it would in the ende and the which thing he principally desired both because hee was yong and naturally enclined to martiall affaires and also because hee hoped while the Emperour was busied with the Princes of Allemaine with whom the king had good intelligence to recouer the duchie of Milan in the which as also in diuers other parts of Italie he had many good friends But the warrs of Germanie had a speedier end then hee expected after the which the Emperour held him play in so many places that hee had no leasure to looke ouer the mountaines in a good many yeares after this and sped but euill when he toke that enterprise in hand as heereafter you shall heere And so it appeereth that whatsoeuer man purposeth God disposeth afterwards thereof as it pleaseth him Gonzague as you haue heard besiged Parma the Pope on the other side to distract the kings forces besieged Mirandula But the King auowing the truce to bee broken beecause of Monsieur d'Andelots imprisonment aboue mentioned sent to Brissac new supplies into Piemont commaunding him not onely to succour Parma and Mirandula but also to endamage the Emperours dominions in those partes by all the meanes he mought Wherevpon the saide Brissac wanne diuers townes in Piemont in the Marquisate of Montferrate from the Imperialls and put the whole Duchie of Milan into so great feare that Gonzague was forced for the defence thereof to abandon the siege of Parma retire thether The Pope also preuailed no better beefore Mirandula but lost many of his men before the towne and among the rest his Nephew Giouanni Battista de Monte. Wherfore seing his hope frustrate for the recouerie of Parma and Mirandula and being cōsumed with the charges of the warres and farther perceauing a new tempest readie to arise against the Emperour from Duke Maurice and other princes of Germanie with whom while the Emperour was busied himselfe by the French mought be vtterly ruinated Wherevnto I also adde that the king had alreadie forbidden any cause whatsoeuer to be remoued out of his realme to Rome which was no small blow to the Popes purse and farther had vtterly refused to send any of the Clergie of his Realme to the counsell of Trent or to accept that as a generall counsell and had also perswaded the Swyssers to doe
or truely it is vncertaine that the Colonnesi who alwayes haue beene and yet are Imperiall made secret assemblies against him in Rome for the which cause some of them hee emprisoned some hee banished and seazed all their lands and goods into his owne hands The Imperials say that this was but a quarell picked to them by the Pope because hee had secret intelligence with the king of Fraunce perswaded him to attempt the recouerie of the Realme of Naples as well therby to abate the Spaniards greatnes in Italie who held Naples Milan Siena disposed of the stats of Genoua Florence as of his owne as also hoping if the French had good successe in Italie that some part of the bootie would fall to his share which hee was the more desirous of because he was a Neapolitaine borne himselfe But howsoeuer it were the Colonnesi being thus iniuried complained to king Philip and desired his succour who sent the Duke Alua to their ayde yet offering the Pope any reasonable conditions of peace which he vtterly refused and sent to the king and the duke of Ferrara being his confederats for succours but before they could arriue the duke of Alua inuaded the Church dominions and toke Ostia Palestrina and much distressed Rome But the King with all speede sent the Duke of Guyse with a mightie armie into Italie who entering into Lombardie tooke Valentia in the duchie of Milan put a garison into it on an other side also the French inuaded Artoys and spoyled all the Countrey they besieged Douay but could not take it Notwithstanding Lens they toke and burned it Farther the kings forces in Piemont tooke Valfiniere and Cairas and thus the fiue yeares truce concluded the yeare before helde not one yeare great coÌ„trouersie is betwene the French and Spanish which of the two Princes first brake the truce The French say the Spaniard first brake it by inuading the Pope whom the king as an obedient sonne to the Church was bound to defend But the answere herevnto is easie for besides that the inuading of the Pope being an indifferent friend to both the Princes could not bee a breach of the truce towards the French king it is also most certaine that the first iniurie proceded froÌ„ the Pope towards the king of Spaines friends and coÌ„federats and therefore the French were not to ayde him in an euell cause But admit the ayding of the Pope were no breach of the truce yet the King ought not to haue proceded farther then to send the Pope ayde but hee inuaded king Philip before he tooke weapon in hand in Milan in Piemont in Artoys and in Flaunders which could not bee other then a flatte breach of the truce But to retourne to the warres of Italie The Duke of Guyse by the Popes perswasion and vppon promise of ayde from him was passing with his armie towards the realme of Naples with purpose to inuade it But seeing the Duke of Alua to make head against him and being also disapoynted of the ayde promised him by the Pope he was forced to retire with his armie being in very pore estate and cursing the Pope and all his trecheries While these matters thus passed in Italie the Queene of England by hir husbands perswasion entered into an vnnecessarie warre with Fraunce for she should haue done much better to haue continued as shee began a mediater for peace thâ—n vpon no occasion to become the French kings enemie but shee sped accordingly Cha. 10. The King of Spaine taketh Saint Quentin The battaile of Saint Laurens in the which the Constable is ouerthrowen and taken prisoner The duke of Guyse is reuoqued out of Italie The Pope maketh peace with the king of Spaine The French take Calais The marriage of the Daulphin The French take Theonuille BVt to proceede the king of Spaine seeing him selfe thus inuaded vpon a sodayne leuyed a mightie armie of Duch Flemish and English and went and besieged Saint Quentin a stronge towne in Vermandoys for the defence whereof the Admirall of Fraunce Gasper Chastillon with diuers bandes of men put himselfe into the towne But his brother d'Andelot issewing out of Perona with 15. enseignes of footmen purposing to doe the like was defeated Notwithstanding the king tendering greatly the saftie of the towne sent the CoÌ„stable to succour it with an armie of 16000. foot and 4000. horse who vpon Saint Laurence day very earely in the morning by certaine boates which he had brought with him vpon cartes put Mon sieur d'Andelot by the riuer with certaine bands of footmen into the towne But King Phillips army as the said Constable retired charged him brake him defeated his forces slew 2500 of his men with the losse onely of 50. on their part and tooke him prisoner with two of his sonnes and likewise the Dukes of Montpensier and Longueuille the Marshall of Saint Andre the Rheingraue and diuers other great personages Wherevpon the King presentlie reuoqued the Duke of Guise with his forces out of Italy commaunded the Duke of Neuers to leauy a new army In the meane time King Phillip tooke Saint Quentin by assault and tooke prisoners therin the Admirall and d'Andelot his brother but d'Andelot soone after escaped away The King of Spaine wan also Catelet and Han and diuers other places The Duke of Alua on the other side in Italie tooke diuers places from the Pope who in the end seeing the Dukes forces so great that he came without resistance euen to Rome gates and that the Duke of Guise in verie poore estate was reuoqued home into Fraunce made peace at Caui with King Philip contraty to his promise made to the French King and obtayned better conditions of him than he deserued and among the rest of the conditions this was one that the Duke of Guise should returne home in safetie and he his armie bee well intreated wheresoeuer they passed through king Philips dominions which was all the recompence the French receaued at the Popes handes for the great losses they had receaued in Italie by his meanes such commonly is the ende of all vnnecessarie warres The King being much grieued with these his manifolde losses and supposing his honour to be stayned if he atchieued not some enterprise that might counteruaile these his misfortunes so soone as the Duke of Guise and Strozzi were returned with his forces out of Italie by sea and Monsieur d'Aumalle by land ioyned to them a great army of Swissers and Almaines who vnder the leading of the said Duke of Guise were sent to besiege Calais in the verie middest of winter Strozzi not long before the comming of the army thether had beene brought in disguised apparaile into the towne by a French man an inhabitant thereof and had veiwed all the fortisications both within the towne and without and the garison within it for the defence thereof which was very weake and to say the truth the said Strozzi was the onely author of