an assembly The French Embassadors oration in the Councell of Trent The choise of Bishops and Cleargie denied to the Pope The enacting of La Pragmatique Sanction 12. Articles in Fraunce The K. letters and complaints against the Pope The K. answere to the Emperours obiection The originall and differēce of Christian religion in Fraunce How the doctrine of the Vaudois and Albigeois was dispersed thorough Europe Opinions soner changed by ease and rest then violence The English Lords of Guienne in france Normandie Poictou Anioy c. The Religion of the Vaudois dispersed thorough England VVicklife his Doctrine Lollards in England Liuonia Sermatia c. How the doctrine of the Vaudois and Wicklife was carried into Polonia Bohemia and other countries of Almaine The Bohemians and Almaines persecuted by the Popes inquisitors before Iohn Hus. Councell of Constance summoned for the refomation of the Church Iohn Hus cōdemned and burnt as an heretique at Constance notwithstanding the Emperours safe conduct Popes deposed Ierome of Prag condemned and burned at Constance as Iohn Hus. The Bohemians angrye growe more resolute by the death of Hus and Hierom. Captain Zischa leuieth men against the Priests Monkes of Bohemia Luther his beginning 1518. Generall pardons published through Christendom 1517. Luther cited to Rome What caused a stay of Luthers reformation Martin Luthers beginning profession and carriadge of life Luther himselfe confesseth it in his answer to the book which H. D. of Brunwick wrote against him 1541. as Sleyden reporteth in the 14. of his history repeating Luthers words who discouered the occasions which moued him to preach and write against pardons My name saith he began to grow famous because no man was found else that durst oppose himselfe This little glory was pleasing as then vnto me c. Selim King of Turkes dreadfull to his enemies Selims crueltie towards his father bretheren and race Pope Leo endeuoureth the Christian Princes to enter league against the Turkes How the Christians armie should be bestowed to annoy the Turke Christian Princes rather respected their perticular then the common cause Selim dieth Soliman succeedeth The palorepiscopal mantle how made and giuen by Popes (4) Made of the wool of two white Mattons set vpon the Aulter in S. Agnes Church while Agnus Dei is sung vpon that holy day and afterwards giuē to the Subdeacons of S. Peters who shere them at shering time and of the yarne which cōmeth from them among other maketh a mantle three fingers broad reaching from the shoulders to the calfe of the leg with little knobs of lead at the skirts from thence laide vpon the corps of S. Peter S Paul with certaine praiers and kept there one night with great ceremony after deliuered to him that must haue it and is only for Archbishops Luther appereth before Caietan the Popes Legat. Luther apealeth from Caietan The foundation of pardons and Indulgences Luther eager against the Court of Rome Erasmus his opinion of Luther Luther condemned by Pope Leo. Luther appealed againe from the Pope Luther publiquely burneth the cannon law and Popes Bull. Luther banished by Charls his letters pattents at Wormes The Masse first abolished in Germany Iohn Hus prophecieth of Luther The Emperour visiteth in person the K. of England Images broken downe in Germanie Luther misliketh the breaking of Images by the people Leo 10. dieth Adrian 6. succeedeth Adrian dieth Clement 7 de Medices succeedeth Letters from the Pope to the Parliament of Paris King Francis writeth in the behalfe of Iacques Faber League betweene the regent and Henrie the 8. King of England Peace concluded between the Emperor Charles and Francis y e first Suissers reformed Geneue a first retreate to French Lutherans The decree of Spire permitted euerie mā to maintaine his Religion without alteration The beginning of the league of Smalcade among the Protestants Whence the name of Protestants first sprong The opinion of the Supper being diuers among the reformed is cause of great inconueniences The King of Fraunce and England succour the Lutheranes The Protetestants demaund of the Emperour Election of the K. of Romanes Frederic of Saxe elector dieth Accord between Fredederic K. of Bohemia and the D. of Saxe Peace thoroughout Germany and Religion free The race and descent of Medices in which the translator doth desire the indifferēt Reader to consider what scandalous libels haue of late yeares by to humorous affections bene cast out in disgrace of the house of Medices onely to a base the royal race of Vallois of this look Guicciardin in his first booke c. The Q. Mother descended out of the house of Bologne by the mother side K. Frauncis aideth the Protestants Pope Clemēt dieth Paul Ferneze succeedeth Persecutions in Fraunce The Pope hath no authoritie to assigne a councell (4) According to the Romaine Emperours who named the informers quadruplatores The Emperours Interim The Protestants oppose themselues to the decree of the Emperour Councell of Trent Decree of the Councell of Trent Martin Luther dieth 1546. The Emperour writeth to the townes for succour The townes send answers Speach betweene the Emperour and Landgraue The holy league betweene Pope Emperour and other Princes The Emperors army against the Lutheranes The Emperor banisheth and condemneth the D. of Saxe Protestants defie the Emperour The Emperors deuice to draw Maurice against his Cosin Elector of Saxe The Protestants fault and error Maurice warreth against his cosin and the Protestants The Elector hurt taken broght to the Emperour Great ransomes which the Emperour had of the Germaines The Emperor would haue the Councell remoued frō Bolonia to Treat Melancthons answere Persecution of Lutherans Diet of Ausbourge The Landgraue discouered minding to haue made an escape Difference about succession in the empire Councell Maurice demaundeth a more safe-conduct The Catholiques helde that faith was not to be holden with heretiques Safe conduct from the coūcell at Basle for the Bohemians Magdebourg deliuered vp Embassage from the king of Fraunce to Maurice Maurice and Brandebourg Embassadors speech The Princes Embassadors Maurices demaunds at the councell Diuersities of opinions in the Councell of Trent The Councell of Trent deferred for 2. yeares Crescence Cardinall Legat and president for the Pope died of an apprehension The birth of H. 3. K. of France and Pologne The Baronnie of Montmotency erected into a Duchie with right of a Petre. The K. letter to the Electors Hostages of Fraunce and Germany The propositions of Maurice The resolution of peace deserred and wherefore The Vaudois of Prouence how when by whom and wherefore persecuted as Heretiques Arrest of the parlament of Aix They were about 24. as well inhabitants of Merin dolas other their neighbours Particular iudgements vpon the merite of the arrest The president La Chassane differreth the execution of the arrest and his reasons Cause of delay of the execution Catalogus gloriae mundi made by Chassane and printed at Lions Guillaume du Bellay L. of Langeay lieuetenant for the
they were all as well strangled as burned There was not then any kinde of cruelty that was not practised some but very few escaped the slaughter who saued themselues at Geneue and places bordring vpon it Now for that the K. before continued the persecutions and burning paines against the Lutheranes In the moneth of May the Protestant Princes of Germany besought the K. by letters written from Ratisbone for his subiects who were so researched pursued for the same faith which they helde And for that some made their owne peace redeeming their life their goods and estates by abiuration of their faith they besought him that that condition might be taken away declaring how dāgerous a thing it was so to wound and make seruile the consciences of men But the brute of so strange an effusion of bloud animated them the more and offended many which greatly abated the credit which the King had gotten throughout Germanye no lesse then in Zuizerland where the reformed ceased not as neerest neighbors to be mediators towards the K. that he would take pittie of th'escaped but for a full answere he sent vnto thē word that for iust cause he had commaunded that execution to be done and that they had no more to doe with what he did in his owne country or what punishment of iustice he made ouer his malefactors then he had to intermeddle with their affairs See now how the will and nature of men changing with the affaires and reportes King Frauncis ordained a punishment for the Authors of this tragedie how his sonne Henry carryed himselfe in the execution thereof and all that which followed to serue for most remarqueable occurrences which may possible happen to any estate That which moued Henry 2. King of Fraunce to publishe his letters pattentes in forme of adiournement against those of the Parlament of Prouence who had shed the bloud of the inhabitants of Cabriere and Merindol and other neighbours about was that his Father King Francis at the point of death touched with remorce and greefe that he could not before he died make a punishment in example of such as vnder his name authority had wrought so strange cruelties against his subiectes of Prouence charged his son with great obtestations not to defer the punishment how otherwise God who leaueth no such outrages and sackings vnpunished would worke the reuenge and so much the more saith he as this affaire toucheth our honour among all nations it cannot be better repaired then in making all them suffer who in such cruelty abused the dutie of their charge without sparing great or small weake or mightye that by their example all men hereafter might take heede of any the like enterprises This was the occasion why King Henry decreede by his letters pattents as followeth Letters pattents against the executioners of the arrest in Prouence vpon Cabrieres and Merindol HEnry by the grace of God King of Fraunce to our first Hussier greeting Our Proctour in our great Councell appointed by vs Proctour in causes after mentioned hath caused to be deliuered and tolde vnto vs how in the yeare 1540. the 18. day of Nouember there was a certaine iudgement giuen in our Court of Prouence which they would call and terme the arrest of Merindol by vertue of which 14. or 16. particular men therin named inhabitantes of Merindol stoode condemned for defaulte and contumacy to be burned as heretiques and Vaudois and in case they could not be apprehended to be burned in picture and their wiues infants and maidens were defeated and abandoned and in case they could not be taken they were then pronounced banished and their goods confiscate a matter notoriously iniust against al law reason And albeit that the inhabitāts of the said Merindol were neuer heard nor called to their answer yet by the said iudgemēt it was set down that al the houses of the said Merindol should be thrown down the town made vnhabitable And in the yere 1544. the said inhabitāts made their repair to the late K. of famous memory our father last deceased whom God absolue others who were likewise helde for heretiques declaring how against all truth they were tearmed Vaudois and heretiques They obtained letters of our said late Lord and father whome they had let to vnderstand how they were dayly troubled and molested by the Bishops of the Countrie and by the Presidents and Councellors of our Parliament of Prouence who had already sued for their confiscations and landes for their kinsfolkes minding hereby to driue them cleane out of the Countrye beseeching our saide late Father that he would search out the truth Whereupon it was ordained that a Maister of Requests and a Doctor of Diuinity should goe downe to those places and throughly enquire of their manner of liuings and for that the said Lord could not so readilye send thither he should in the meane time take into his owne hands all such sutes as were depending by reason thereof and forbid all cognoissance thereof to the people of our courte of Parliamēt of Prouence the which euocation was signified to our said court the 25. of October following which standing much discontented with the contents therof sent to the K. an Hussier to pursue letters of reuocation which were obtained the first of Ianuary after by which vpon information made to the late Lord the King how they had beene in armes in great assemblie forcing towns and Castles pulling prisonners out of prisons and rebellious to all iustice keeping it in subiection the saide late Lord permitted them to execute the Arrestes giuen against them reuoking the saide letters of euocation in regarde of the relapse hauing not abiured And ordained that all such as should be found charged and culpable of heresie and the Vaudoise sect should be extermined And that to that end the Gouernour of the Countrie or his Lieuetenant should therto imploy his forces wherby iustice might be obeyed which letters were not signified but kept vntill the 12. of Aprill following which was the day of Quasimodo on which day after dinner the first President Master Iohn Minier caused the said Court to assemble and caused our Proctour to present the saide letters and require execution of the saide pretended Arrest of the 18. of Nouember 1540. of which no mention was made in the said letters but only in generall termes of arrests giuen against the Vaudois and hereupon it was set downe that the said pretended arrest should be executed according to the forme and tennor making like errour as before And that the saide Commissioners already deputed should goe to the saide place of Merindol and other places requisite and necessary for the execution thereof and that all those that were of the saide sect should be extermined and such as were taken prisonners should be led into the Gallyes for a prison there were appointed for the executioners Maister Francis de la Fond second President Honore de Tributiis and Bernard
and his Cardinals be of the same opinion and if the like be helde and taught at Rome there is no doubt but that it is the true seate of Antechrist wherefore Greece and Bohemia were most happie that were seperated from it and those contrariwise miserable that helde neuer so little thereof if then the Pope would not represse this Prieras if he made him not vnsay it he protested that hee would be at discorde with him and that he would be so far from acknowledging the Church of Rome for a true church that he would contrariwise holde her for a taste of all villanie and for a place vowed to all impiety vpon this difference heated by Siluestre he made him be cited to Rome to come and defend his propositions Leo commaunded Caietan rather by force of th'emperour to bring him to Ausbourghe and from thence to Rome commaunding all men to obey this commaundement on paine of infamie and losse of goods yea giuing entire absolution of all sinnes to such as would imploy themselues to the execution thereof as abouesaide and praying Frederic not to fauour him but to send him away with speede promising to send him back againe if hee were not found culpable he warned also that Gabriel a Venetian great Vicar of the Iacobins that hee should not suffer him to teach and earnestly sollicited him by letters and messages for by extreame diligence said he the fire alreadye kindled must bee quenched As things newly sprung vp cannot cary any great force but if by delay a mischiefe be suffered to grow stronger it is to be feared that afterwards it may grow vncurable considering that day by day the euill encreased in which nothing is more to be shunned then delay Luther would not goe thither saying that the place stood very suspitious and dangerous for him but sollicited to haue the cause debated in some free place of Germany The vniuersitie of Witemberg wrote in his fauour to Pope Leo to whom hauing protested that he would neither think nor speake against the faith receaued in the holy Sea gaue notwithstanding attestation of his good life and better doctrine and besought him to ordaine indifferent Iudges in Germanie Frederic in the end dealt so farre with Caietan that by the safe conduct of the Emperour hee should be admitted to defende his cause at Ausbourghe before him without going at all to Rome who set before him that hee should repent himselfe by acknowledging of his errour and that hee should no more wright ought which might trouble the peace of the Church for the first he said he could not acknowledge that he had failed but for the second he would obey it But Caietan telling him that he did not esteem so highly of the Popes authoritie as he ought that in his propositions he should say the merites of Christ were not the treasure of Indulgences contrarye to the decree of Clement the sixth and that faith is necessary to such as would receiue the holy SacrameÌ„t in sorte that they assured themselues their sinnes wer pardoned It is false said he before diuers witnesses one Notaire and foure Councellers of the Emperours protested that he had euer honoured reuerenced the Church of Rome and that if he had said ought repugnant thereunto he would not abide by it but in that hee was vrged to renounce his errour hee said hee did not think that euer hee spake any thing contrary to the scripture opinion of ancient fathers decree of Popes or the right reason it selfe Notwithstanding for that he confessed he might faile a matter naturall to man hee submitted himself to the knowledge of the holy church refused not that the vniuersities of Germany and Paris should yeeld their opinion requiring then that the knowledge of the fact might bee sent to the Pope nothing being able to come more pleasing vnto him then to haue the voice of the Church vpon the same he acknowledged how he had bene too bitter and lesse reuerent towards his dignitie but the faulte was to be laide vpon th'importunitye of the Questors and praied that hee might be pardoned promising euer after greater modesty and that euen in his preachings he would content the Pope and would speake no more of pardons if they would likewise shut vp the mouthes of his aduersaries wherupon seeing that Caietan pressed him so sore to recant otherwise threatned him with paines ordained by the Pope and excoÌ„munication if he repented not he was couÌ„celled to appeal from him to the Pope The appeale contained that the question of Pardons had bene disputed by many and yet neuer certainly determined that in such questions it was lawful especially for Diuines to dispute the which he the rather did by reason of so sottish Questors as exacted the people in so many kinde of sorts and yet not to affirme any thing therin but the better to know the truth leauing the whole to the iudgment of the most learned Leo himself Notwithstanding by the aduise of the B. of Scoli and Prieras his Iudges established by the Pope he had bene cited to Rome from theÌ„ce the cause sent back to Caietan whom as suspected he might well haue refused yet for all that he rendred all obedience but seeing himselfe still pressed to recant threatned with great paines yea and ready to haue had worse greeued with such preiudicies hee appealed from an ill informed Pope to a Pope better councelled The decree of Clement which hee so vrged is in the extrauagants of the Cannon where speaking of the benefite of Christ he saith that one droppe of his bloud was sufficient to haue redeemed mankinde but so much being shedde as nothing whole and entyre rested behinde it was lefte for a great treasure to the vse of the Church commaunding Peter and his successors to distribute the same as good Stewardes to such as should be truely repentant and confesse their sinnes in pardoning them such temporall paines as were due vnto their sinnes adding thereunto the merittes of the Virgin and other Saintes so as this treasure could not be drawen dâ—ye Now as hee founded the vertue of pardons vpon this decree Luther on the other side maintained that there was nothing committed to Saint Peter and his successors but the Keyes and administration of the word by which Christ would that in a full affiance in him they should pronounce remission of sinnes to the beleeuers and if that the decree did agree with so true a sence of the Scripture it was then good if otherwise false besides that the merittes of Saintes were cleane repugnant to the word for what men soeuer they be they doe neuer more then they ought nay they neuer come neere their dutie and therefore not saued but by the meere mercie of God As touching that councel which approued the souerainty of Popes to be aboue couÌ„cels see what it is in the 4. 5. session of the councell of Constance as in sundry other
faith necessary to the Sacraments Thirdly that hee preferred his owne opinions and rauinges before the Scriptures and that hee referred nothing to any councell which hee offred to approue whensoeuer it pleased his superiours Then hee besought the Emperour and the rest of the Magistrates that for the honor of God and defence of a Councels libertye they would receaue his appeale that they would bridle the tirannie of the Pope that they would not account his Bul any manner of way able to touch thē and that they would innouate nothing vntill the cause might be worthely pleaded for all this notwhithstanding the Pope vrged Frederic to burn all his Books and that he should either cut of his head or making him Prisonner deliuer him vp to be punnished in example Frederic praied him not to proceede so eagerlye but to choose good and skilfull Personages to confer of the whole matter amyablye to giue sure safe-conduct to Luther and that his bookes might not bee burned before hee had defended his cause then if he were conuicted by sure testimonies of the scripture he would not approue his enterprise albeit that alreadye hee consented not to his doctrine and though he should not be able to maintain his fact yet hee hoped the Pope would not require at his hands a matter which he could not performe for the rest he hoped by Gods assistance to fulfill the office of a Prince of th'empire and of an obedient Sonne to the Church To which the deputies of Leo hauing in vaine replyed the end of the conference was that necessity pressed them to do according to the contents of the Popes Bull wherfore anon after they burned Luthers bookes then began he much more eagerlye to goe to worke for being aduertised of all this passed hee assembled together all his schollers of Witemberge and in the presence of many learned personages hee publiquely burned the Cannon law togither with the Popes new Bull the 10. of December Afterwards to render reason of his exploite he alleadged these First that it was an ancient custome to fling corrupt bookes into the fire as it is seen in the Acts of the Apostles besides it is his part which is baptized into Christ which is a professor and publique teacher of the Scriptures to combat against false doctrine and propose that which is wholsome for mankinde as touching the Pope and his sequel they are so miserable and accursed that they doe not onely withstand the holy ordinances but condemne the doctrine of Christ and his Apostles to make their owne shine for the brighter from thēceforth he imploied himselfe euer after to write against the excessiue abuses and mischiefes which hee said was in the Court and doctrine of Rome as others on the other side very bitterly maintained the contrary each with many iniuries and reciprocall inuectiues far vnworthy of Christians So as a certaine desire of honor stirred vp by a dutie to the explaining according to his charge of the holye scripture made him become so resolute and stubborne by the peeuish thwarts of his aduersaries that then he became open banker out to the catholicke and romain doctrine so as hauing bene summoned to the Diet of Wormes whither he had the Emperours safe-conduct to render an account of his faith there to be punished or iustified according as he should maintaine he said frankely the 18. of April 1521. that he would not recant one inch except lawfully they made the contrary to appeare vnto him being the cause that the Emperour on the next morrowe sent his letters to the assemblye of Princes in which hee contained that his ancestors who had made profession of Christian Religion had euer obeyed the Church of Rome now since Luther oppugned the same his dutye was to followe the steppes of his Predecessors and to defende Christian Religion in succouring the Church of Rome wherefore hee determined to banishe Luther and his Adherents and vse other remedies fit for the quenching of this fire but because of his faith which he had plighted hee would send him home safe The 24. of Aprill the Archbishop of Treuues and other of the Lords called him to them where after hauing wished him to recant or at the least submit his writinges to the iudgement of the Emperour and of the councell of the Princes and generall councell to come hee would not in any case but that all should be resolued by the authoritie of the holy scripture which Eccius the Lawyer and others saide was not reasonable considering the diuers sence of Scripture which euery man interpreteth after his owne fansie and that further by this meanes should neuer any thing be sure or clearely determined that it was not to be suffered that euery man should aske a reason of euery point as of a matter impossible in nature Breefe that since it was not a thing reasonable to dispute a matter alreadye resolued or condemned by the Church men ought simply and absolutely to holde that doctrine which their good Fathers had left vnto them In summe Charles the 5. of the age of one twenty yeares banished him the eight of May 1521. by his Letters Pattentes by which considering it was his duetye to take order that no filthe should enter into the Empire by the example of his Predecessors hee assembled all the Princes and States of the Empire at Wormes where hee communycated the matter of Luther and diligentlye examyned it Now albeit the lawes forbid to heare a manifest heretique so many times condemned and seperated from the communion of the Church yet to stop the passage to all calumnie he sent him a letter and dispatched his Herald with safe conduct to cause him to come vnto him and render account of his writings afterwardes hauing recited the propositions desseines Luthers answeres and all that had passed at Wormes he said that in case Luther did still defend his errors and wilfully perseuere in them he approued the Popes bul and to witnes that he would maintain it he cōdemned and banished Luther as an author of schism and an obstinate heretique cōmanding al men to hold him for such and after 21. daies which he gaue him of fauour to reclaim himself he charged euery man with all force to endeuour to take him and deliuer him vp into his hands he banished also all such as any manner of way whatsoeuer fauoured him enioyning his bookes to be vtterly abolished with great paines from thence forward for any booke-binders that should sell any of them and ordained that his decree made in the councell of the Princes and all the estates should remaine for euer inuiolable Luther then much spiting at his hauing beene thus condemned and his bookes burnt by the Deuines of Cologne and Louaine after 1521. by those of Paris was at Rome giuen vp to the Diuell the 28. of March 1521. by the Pope togither with all heretiques Pyrates Imposers of new tributes falsefiers of Buls Marchants furnishing the enemies of
those as had cōmitted so base and lewd an act to haue thē punished in example so as hauing recouered the trumpetors clothes horse with recōpence for such other things as had beene taken frō him he caused him to be safely cōueied backe by one of his owne Now for that some of the imperials had caused the bruite to run how that the French did flie before thē that if they woulde but stay 24. howers the Prince shold giue thē battel they answered that they saw no cause to be so brag nor so lightly to vsurp such glory occasion of cōbat hauing already beene often enough presented vnto them if they themselues had listed Notwithstanding if the Prince had so great desire thereto as he made shew for he assured them on the K. behalfe that he would stay full 24. howers no more or if he would come find him out neer Cambray he did assure him that would tarry for him 8. daies together wher nothing should be refused him But whilst they sought out the most cōmodious places to lodge their battellons men at armes the imperials in the end retired to their first lodgings neere to Bauets An occasion that at their departure thence the French with one march got as far as Craeuecaeur neere Cambray where the enemies had determined to fortefie and repaire the Castle hauing already begun to make certaine trenches conduits to tast the water purposing there to lay their foundations which the same day being the 26. of Iuly their pioners began to raise where the first wound of the miserable Cambresius was renued who had already set vp builded some little cottages only to keepe thēselues dry imagining that a long time there would not so great misfortune befal them hauing according to their habilitie againe sowed part of their fields to haue wherwith all to nourish and keepe themselues from famine so as the richer sort glad to that they were with their best moueables retired within the strong townes were not exempt out of al these losses aduersities for whē the tennant is poore afflicted the Lord fareth neuer a whit of ought the better Now whilst that in the plain countrie they made wast of Corne alredy ripe ready to be reaped many braue salies and skirmishes dayly fel out between them of Cambray the French the Citadel stil troubling darkning the aire with shot of Cānon which lighted only among the worst sort without slaying of any person of renowne which they did only by al meanes possible seeking to hinder the losse ruine of their fruits being notwithstanding often enough repelled and driuen into their owne gates so as these bickerings continued for the space of 8. daies whilst that the French lay ther encamped The imperiall armie in the meane time was pitched and fortefied in a place called Arçon betweene Cambray Le Quesnoy Valeciennes vpon the little riuer of Montet which commeth towards the Castle of Cambresy a little lower falleth into Leascau still continuing their courses to cut off the waies which the Prince De La Roche Sur-yon well perceiuing came thither incorporating his armie with the K. which hee succoured with great quantitie of victuals whereof they stoode in great want and necessitie In this time was the marriage concluded betweene Philip of Austria and Mary of England though with much more honor to the English then to the Spanniards hauing taken from him by the contract of marriage many commodities which ordinarily are proper and incident vnto a husband yea so farre as to denie vnto him the curtesie of England which carrieth That a Queene enheritrice to England comming to be married to a Prince stranger and afterwards dying the husband shoulde enioy such goods as appertained vnto her during his life though no heires at al were issued by marriage wherein likewise may be very well noted the power of the estates and Parliament of England ouer the disposition whether liuing or testamentarie of their Prince This marriage notwithstanding though very honorable to their nation yet stucke sore in the minds of many Lords and other of the countrie as well for the displeasure which they tooke in that they were to be commaunded by a stranger as for the change of Religion and pollicie already as it were growne olde and setled in the harts of many so as with a full resolution to hinder the same and to set vp Iane of Suffolke as Queene they rose in armes vnder Henrie of Suffolke Thomas Wyat and sundrie other as well in Cornewale as the North countrie Wyat vndertooke to bring his men straight to London chiefe Citie of the Realme hoping to draw the Londoners vnto him vnder a pretext of the countries libertie hinderance of the alliance with a stranger The Q. on the other side hauing leuied a great number of men caused the Duke to flie to Warwicke from whence seeking to escape into Fraunce hee was apprehended and brought to London by the Earle of Huntington who marched against Wyat gathering men out of the Dutchie of Norfolke the Duke whereof being taken prisonner by Wyat in no case would be perswaded to combat with this partie but afterwards being released hee reuealed vnto the Q. all the enterprise of Wyat and his partners with whome stoode likewise suspected and kept as prisonner Elizabeth daughter to Henry and Anne Boulen Wyat notwithstanding being ariued at London was much astonied But the Queene though with small force hauing publikely to all men rendred the cause which moued her to take the Spanniard to her husband and how that the countrie should there by receiue much more good then by her alone or any other English Prince besides how she would loose nothing of her owne nor any waies diminish the libertie of her subiectes encouraged them so farre as Wyat cleane out of hope of entring the Cittie and seeking to retire into Kent being pursued was defeated by the Earle of Penbrooke afterwards brought to London within short space both the D. of Suffolke and himselfe had their heads cut off being not long after followed by Iane of Suffolke and her husband for not hauing refused the vnfortunate Crowne which was offred vnto them Thus began the marriage of Marie with th' effusion of her subiectes bloud as almost all the rest of her Raigne consumed in diuision and full of murther and punishments of the most notable personages of her Realme These troubles being appeased the Prince of Spaine ariued about the end of Iuly in the Ile of Wight from whence being honorably conducted by my L. Paget and other entring afterwards further in to England followed by the D. of Alua Earles of Padille Rigomes Aiguemont the Admiral of Castile and Marquis of Languillare the mariage was solemnised the 23. of Iuly at Winchester wher Masse being finished the Emperors deputies declared how in fauour of that marriage his Maiestie did giue vnto his sonne the realme of
whether Ecclesiasticall or Temporall and towardes all other of the Church and towards their collegues into what part soeuer they shall retire to inhabite prouided that they acquite themselues of their ministerie as heerafter shall be declared To all these they shall permitte in libertie their religion and ceremonies their lawes possessions tributes and other rights and no man shall hinder their enioying of the same That if any suites or processe shall fall but they shall be determined both of the one side and the other accordinge to the customes and lawes of the Empire They which are neither of the one nor the other religion are not to be comprehended within this peace If any Archb. Bishop Prelate or other ecclesiasticall person doe renounce the auncient religion that he quit his Byshopricke Prelature Benefice and together there with all the fruites which he hath receaued which notwithstanding shal not any waies turne to his dishonour or infamie But the chapitre or they to whome it appertaineth by custome or right shall haue power to substitute another in his roome so as hee be of the auncient Religion To the ende that the rightes of institutions election presentation may remaine with the entire possession of their goods vppon conditon notwithstanding that in anye respect thereof anie future accorde of religion wherof it hath beene spoken be not anie waies impaired And for so much as certaine estates of the Empire and their ancetours haue vsurped certaine prouostships monasteries and like goods appertaining to the Church which they haue appropriated to their ecclesiasticall ministeries Schooles and other holy vses that by no meanes they be disquieted for that nor called into any courte of iustice but that all such goods shall remaine in their order to wit all such as did not appertaine to the estates of the Empire or to any other Subiect to the Empire whereof the Clergie were not in possession at the time of the transaction of Passau nor after And that it be not permitted to the Iudges of the Chamber to proceede by law or cōmence any sutes against them or decide any thing by reason of any such goods so vsurped or aliened That the ecclesiasticall iurisdiction be not exercised nor take place against the Leaguers in the confession of Ausbourg against their religion faith ceremonies lawes by ecclesiasticall ministeries but that she haue therin her hands bound not doing vnto them any disturbance vntil that the different shuld be apeased In other matters not appertaining to their Religion ceremonies lawes and ministeries that they carrie themselues according to the auncient right and custome of the Countrie Further that all Ecclesiasticall persons enioye their goods entirely their reuenues and other rights prouided notwithstanding that they in whose seigneurie such goods are loose nothing of such politique right as they had before the discorde of Religion Moreouer that out of such goods they ordaine and maintaine as heretofore it hath already beene established the necessarie ministeries Parishes Schooles Almes houses and Hospitals for the poore afflicted without any regard of what Religion they bee for whose vse succour and nourishment they be ordained If for this nourishment and quantitie thereof there should arise any strife or debate then arbitrators shall bee chosen by the consent of the parties who after enquirie made therof shall determine within six monethes how much should bee sequestred to the vse of such ministeries During the hanging of which processe they to whom it doth appertaine to giue aide and contribute to such vsances shall not bee disturbed in their possession but onely shall contribute as they were wont in olde time vntill the successe shall bee determined Now if the Almanes were willing by these meanes to maintaine themselues in peace the French Chatholiques seemed to be more and more animated towardes the research and curious pursuite of such as they tearmed reformed The K. of Fraunce stirred vp by his fauorites had made an Edict by which it was commaunded to all Iudges to punish without delay according to the exigence of the case such as should bee condemned by the Ecclesiasticall Iudges and inquisitors of the faith without any waies deferring vpon any appeales Afterwards it was sent to the Parliament of Paris to the ende it should bee there read and published and after publication enregistred in the Grefferie and proclaimed according to the custome They of the Courte finding it strange that the succour and last refuge to the miserable should bee denied to the condemned demaunded a time of aduice and afterwards on the six twentie day of October 1555. they sent deputies of their body vnto the King to informe him of their opinion and take in good part the remonstrances which followe the which they sent vnto him at such time as the Cardinals of Lorraine and of Turnon were gone to Rome By your owne Edict Sire fower yeares since you haue reserued to your selfe and your Iudges the entire connoissance and punishment of the Lutherane heresie without any exception sauing that heresie required some declaration ere that sentence should be giuen vpon those that had receiued holy orders In present the Edict whereof the question groweth ordaineth mearely the contrarie for it subiecteth the people to the iudgment of the Ecclesiastical persons and of the inquisitors In which they diminish your dignitie wherein you surpasse all other Princes giue iust occasion to the people to grieue to see themselues abandoned from you and made subiect to the power of another But yet the displeasure much more aboundeth when without the succour of appeale all their goods their life and their honour shall be in the power of the saide Ecclesiasticall persons For without doubt appeale is the refuge and safegarde of innocencie you are the tutor and protector as well of the appeale as of the innocents and so is there none but you which hath power ouer the people Now if authoritie be giuen to the inquisitors and officers of Bishops to iudge without appeale it shall bee as much as to open a window and beate a path for to condemne the innocent and make them to loose both body and goods Iointe that the iudges of Churches seeing themselues in such authoritie and Royall credit will forget their dutie not keepe within their bounds seeing all estates subiect vnto them and managing them at their owne post wil not only leaue to regarde the vulgar sort but will carrie no respect at all to Princes It lyeth for all that in you if it please you thus to meditate these matters To wit that your Iudges take cognoissance of the causes and therein giue sentence and if there be found any doubtfull Article or opinion that then Ecclesiasticall persons may giue resolution Likewise that such as haue receiued orders be iudged by their Iudges As touching appeales that commission may be obtained at the Popes hands whereby it may bee permitted vnto the subiectes and in case it shall fall out that sentence must
him he seased vpon the strongest places which were about Rome into which he put Garrisons And at the same instance caused to be imprisoned or assigned a brefe day to the authors of their commotion among the rest the Cardinall S. Fleur Camille Collone Iulian Cesarin and Ascaigne de la Corne. All which stomacking that they were so strangely handled fled vnto the Emperour and his sonne vowing themselues vassals vnto them where by they might find succour causing them so much to mislike the forme wherewith the Pope had proceeded and to doubt in such sorte the desseins of the French partie in Italy as they sent straight to the Dukes of Alua and Flourence to assemble all their forces and hauing ioyned them together with such new as they appointed vnto them so to shut vp the Pope and his adherents that no meanes shoulde bee left vnto them but bare words to expresse the repentance of such an attempt which they performed in a very short space hauing by the meanes and conduct of the Colonois among other regained from the Pope manie fortresses whereof they rendred some to these complainants Afterwards building many forts about Rome neere Ostia vpon the banke and course of Tiber they put the Pope in such a straight within the Castle of Sainte Angelo Rome in such necessitie and her supports so bare of meanes as they were constrained to demaund succour of the King of Fraunce as of the first sonne of the Church sending vnto him by the Cardinall Caraffe nephew vnto Pope Paul 4. his Legate a Hat after the fashion of the auncient Romane Senators and a Sword signifying the defence of the Church and Apostolike Sea Who being come to Fontainbleau about the end of Iune deliuered the presents vnto the King whome hee summoned and abiured to succour the head of the Christian Religion according vnto the title of most Christian which was giuen vnto him thourough the endeuour of his predecessors who had many times restored the Popes into their seates against tyrants paganes and other especially as his late father in fresh memorie did touching Pope Clement besieged within Rome afterwards in the Castle of S. Angelo by the troupes of Charles of Bourbon and Prince of Orâ—nge successiuely generals ouer the Imperiall armie To whome hauing answered that he would take counsell vpon it he put him notwithstanding in a good hope assuring him that hee would faile no whit in the vertuous deportments of his auncestors and would succour the holy Father with al his might in any reasonable sort Afterwards notwithstanding hauing giuen aduice to the Emperour and his sonne endeuouring to meditate the whole rather by perswasions then to come to action contrarie to the couenants so solemnly sworne of each parte for the repose of all the Christian Churches According to which at a feast which the King made at Fontaine-bleau he caused before supper all the Embassadours to retire into the Chappell in the presence of whome he told the Emperours to this effect That his master was not able to excuse himselfe but that the warre which the Seigneur Marc Anthoine Colone made against the Pope was maintained and conducted at his expences and prouisions Moreouer this Cardinal had beene not long before seene in Fraunce a man of war at the Kings seruice and was so fauourably entertained that he was soone laden with presents Now for that there was no Bishoppricke voide at that time Bertrande the Lord-keeper of the great Seale being requested by the King lent vnto him his Bishoppricke of Cominges which he bestowed vpon the Cardinall Caraffe and afterwards Bertrande was made Cardinall of Sens. Charles Cardinall of Lorraine being returned a little before from Rome hauing beene sent thether to congratulate the election of the Pope confirme the amitie of the French and if it were possible to draw him in League against the Emperour and who with great capitulations had made Hercules the second Duke of Ferrare the Kinges Lieutenant generally in Italy seemed to fauour the desseine of the Pope In such an occurrence the King wanted no aduise that very diuers they which councelled him to breake the truce laide before him the immortall honour which he should obtaine to defend yea and to free out of such a seruitude the great Pontife the holy Father and the vniuersall head of all the Christians in the world which he was tyed the rather to doe for that he seemed pricked forwardes thereunto by a generall emulation of so many Kings his auncestors who to retire him out of his enemies hands and to carrie themselues as the true piller of the Christian building haue attained and preserued as it were from hand to hand that faire and so honourable title of Most Christian and eldest sonne of the Catholique Church They likewise set before him the incredible profit which he should make in the conquest of that goodly Realme of Naples which being withdrawne from the Crowne of Fraunce by the ingenious malice of the Castilians and Aragonois stoode so smally assured betweene their hands that with the great authoritie which the Pope had thoroughout all Italy and the particular meanes of his owne house within that Realme together with the fauours of so many Princes who desired nothing more then to see againe the Flower de Luce better founded there then heretofore there was no doubt but that the armie which he might send thether would carrie it away euen at their first aboorde considering the discontentment which the Italians carried against the Spanniards who mastred them with all kinde of Rigor and considering the small forces which were there and the retreate of the Emperour Charles the fift who not to confounde himselfe in the vanities of this world had quitted all his goods and estates thereby to liue priuate and out of all managing of humaine affaires And to remoue from him any opinion of dishonour which they would imprint vnto him that diswaded him from breaking of his faith giuen to the obseruing of this truce they declared vnto him that the accident since happened vnto his holines caused so much more all occasions to vanish which might moue him to keepe his word as the Pope is aboue all the persons of the world And as the Sonne could not be thought to doe his dutie if he did not rush vpon his kinsman or allie what friendship soeuer were sworne betweene them which went about to endamage his Father So the malicious ambition of Charles and Philip of Austria who holde the Pope prisonner to enforce him to doe their will to the seruitude of all Italy whence they determined to chase out the credit of the French was sufficient cause enough for him to declare himselfe protectour of the holy Sea against all violence All good conuentions are lawful and to be kept but the Pope Christes Vicar is aboue all is alwaies in al things excepted as euery Soueraigne is in a reciprocall oth made among his subiectes for they
to compell the siege to be raysed a Counsell was helde and resolued to abandon Cony to martch right towardes the Marquesse But as soone as hee perceyued the Mareschall to approache he retired into Fossan to the which the Frenche still approached By meanes whereof the Marquesse fearing to bee enclosed there consequently himselfe to reduce this place to extreame necessitie he wrought so well as with the whole Infanterie he gayned Cony But from thence not knowing howe to returne he was constrayned to leade his men a trauerse the mountaines to gayne the Sea shoare and saue his people as well as hee mought The difficultie of the wayes notwithstanding was founde such as he lost many of his people and they which saued themselues so wearie and defeated as it was not possible to bee more As for his men at armes and his Cauallerie they remayned still within Fossan Therefore it was agreed that waste shoulde bee made there round about And further that Forces should be layed all a longest the passages and wayes that none of the Cauallerie mought escape During the time that it was thus enclosed many fayre feates and notable skirmishes were vndertaken and diuersly executed Namely by the Vidasme of Chartres Colonell of the Fanterie of Piemont D'Anuille de Terrides and others with so good watche kept all alongest the passages as many Troupes of this Cauallerie which was no lesse then betweene one thousande and twelue hundred horse were entrapped and defeated The Frenche in the meane space entertayned the siege before Cony and many Gentlemen and Captaynes trauayled who shoulde be marked to worke most to the damage of the besieged Among the rest woorde was sente vnto the King of the feates done by the Vidasme since the raysing of the siege Especially in the breaking vp of milles which had bene repayred by them of the Towne blocked with a nomber of Fortes which marueilously annoyed him And likewise the happie enterprises atchieued about Fossan by De Termes Gonor D'Anuille and other who gaue so small reste to their Troupes of Cauallerie especially their light horse whose coursings out were more ordinarie remarkeable as all thought they had yeilded occasions enough vnto his Maiestie to be well and sufficiently requited for so well perfourming of their duetie You shall see howe and wherefore the meanes wanted vnto their Prince rather then the will through the accidents which lesse fortunate in other places of Fraunce then in Piemont happened at the same time to counterpease the Mareschals good fortune by the disgrace of his Conestable as I will make you to perceyue if you well and dilligently marke all the notable particularities which I will deduce vpon such and so important an occurrence For it is lesse then nothing to knowe the inconuenience of the iourney of Saint Quentins That is knowne as well to fooles as wise men younge and olde men and women homebirdes and straungers friendes enemies But to applie it to ones profite to the suretie and aduauncement of the State one must vnderstande the beginning and true motiue dilligently and with affection marke the meanes as well forced as voluntarie by which this disfauour happened then note the effectes of them and in the ende consider the good and the badde which hath ensewed vnto Fraunce and the Countreyes aboute vnder the obedience of these two Princes This is called to reason of and to reade Histories as it appertayneth The which I will doe hauing represented vnto you the deportement of the Duke of Guise and his Armie in Italie From Plaisantin the Duke of Guise went to Regge a Towne which appertained to the D. of Ferrara his father in law who mette him at Pont de Leuz all in company with the Cardinall Caraffe sente thither by the Pope entered within Regge where they consulted of the dissein meanes conduct of this warre Some would haue gone into Lombardie to attempt the getting of Cremone and Pauia whilest that Brissac dyd his dutie vpon that side of Nouarre and Valence Other who considered that in so dooing they should giue leasure to the Duke of Alua to fortifie himselfe and to make a leauie of men as well within the kingdome of Naples as Tuscane without forcing for all that any one of those Townes furnished with all thinges necessarie were of opinion that they should rush vpon Tuscane to deliuer Siene out of the Florentines and Spaniardes handes The Cardinall Caraffe founde it most aduantagious to assayle the kingdome of Naples by the March of Ancone the territorie of the ancient Picentines saying that on that side of Terre de Labour hee might conquere as much of the Countrie as seemed good vnto him But the Duke of Ferrara maintained that the Duke of Guise being come for the cause of his holynesse he ought likewise to go straight on to Rome and imploy himselfe to the defence of the Pope And that afterwardes the rest should bee thought of That in the meane time hee would keepe himselfe with his forces in his owne Countries forasmuch as he trusted not the Duke of Parma his neighbour hauing entered into league with king Phillip and that he feared besides least the Florentine would make roades into his lands if hee esloigned himselfe So as according to this aduise the Duke of Guise marched with Caraffe towardes Bologne and the Duke of Ferrara leauing the Prince Alphonce his sonne for his lieutenant went to Venise to aunswere the Embassadour of Spaine who made there grieuous complaintes against him blaming the Pope and King Henrye to make warre vniustly against his Maister and to breake the truce so necessarie to Christendome beseeching the Seigneurie to make warre against the Ferrarois and to enter into league with the Catholique King Now as the Duke of Ferrara soiorned at Venise the Marquesse of Pescare seased vppon the Towne of Corregge whence sprange the first beginning of the war in the Countrie of Ferrara An occasion that the Duke leauing Venise returned into his owne lands to fortifie Modene Carpi and other places of his Seigneuries whilest that the Duke of Guise at Bologne complayned to the Popes ministers howe he sawe no such preparation of warre as had bene promised vnto the King But they contented him when they tolde him that there were tenne thousand men in the March d'Ancone And hauing passed by Imole Rauenne Faenze Cesene he came to Rimini where he viewed and mustered his Troupes which he found to amount vnto fiue thousande Swizers ouer which the Marquesse d'Albauf his brother commaunded foure thousand Grisons seauen thousand French and Gascoignes some Italians fiue hundred and fiftie men at armes and fifteene hundred light horse Ouer the Fanterie commaunded the Duke of Neuers Cipierre was Maister of the Campe. Tauannes and La Motte Gondrin were Mareschalles of the Campe. On the other side the Mareschall Brissac comming out with his Forces into the fielde caused Valle-Feniere to bee besieged a strong place scituate betweene
a peace with the Spaniarde Who in the meane time determined to plant agayne the siege before Rome not that hee was in anie hope to take it but onely to inforce the Pope to a peace which hee knew was greatly desired by the Catholike king But the Duke of Guise vnderstanding this desseine and the effects thereof fayled not to approach vnto Tiuoli a place scituated vppon the Teueron to front the enemie and to inforce him to leauie his siege The which was the cause that by all the meanes they possiblie coulde they hastned the treatie of the peace sought by the Venetians and the Duke of Florence The Pope sending on the eight of September in his name the Cardinalles Carlo Caraffe Saint Fior and Vitolloce with some Romane Lordes towardes the Duke of Alua who as then laie at Canie a place scituate in the Romane Countrie neere to Pilastrine to conferre of the whole Betweene whome it was concluded and agreed that the Duke of Alua and the Cardinall Caraffe woulde resolue thereof together at Benessan which is not farre from them hauing each of them ample power and commission from theyr master to determine and conclude of all thinges according as the Popes Letters carryed for the Cardinall Caraffe dated the eighth daie of September 1557. at Rome and king Phillips for Don Ferdinande Aluarez de Toledo Duke of Alua dated the fiue and twenteeth of Iuly In summe the peace was concluded betweene the Pope and the Spaniard and such were the Articles That the Duke of Alua dooing all kinde of obeysances due and submissions in the name of the king of Spaine his master should beseech pardon of the Popes holynesse That hee shoulde receiue him as his good and obedient sonne participating vnto him such graces as were common to other That king Phillip shoulde doo the lyke by an Embassadour expresly sent from him to Rome That the Pope as a mercifull and debonarie Father shoulde receiue the Catholique king as his sonne and giue vnto him all such graces as hee was wont to doo and accorde to other Christian kings That his holynesse shoulde renounce the league with the French king and declare himselfe a father to the one and the other of both the kinges wythout anie one more than the other That the Catholique King shoulde render vp all the townes places castles and fortresses beeing of the domaine of the Church which had bene taken since the ouerture of this warre Hee shoulde make bee builded agayne and repayred all such as had beene ruined and dismembred by the Spaniardes That all the artillerie taken on the one side or the other in what sorte so euer shoulde bee restored againe into the handes of his auncient possessour That they shoulde forget all such executions as had ben done by iustice during this warre were it by death or bannishment and all confiscations of what persons whatsoeuer wythout anie mannes researching after into them As also all such as thorough this dissention were driuen out of theyr landes goods and dignities shoulde bee restored into theyr good renowme goods honours states and dignities right actions and Seignouries Prouided that they had lost these thinges by meanes of this warre to the ende this peace might not bee auaileable to Marke Anthonie Colone nor to Ascaigne de la Corne but that they shoulde remayne outlawed at the will and discretion of the holy Father That the Dutchie of Palliane should bee put in such estate as it was then by the consent and good liking of both partyes into the hands of Iean Barnardin Carbon which was the sequestrer who should sweare to the Pope and the Catholique King to keepe faith to both parties and obserue the articles and agreements made and accorded betweene the Duke of Alua and the Cardinall Caraffe Which Carbon was to haue the keeping of the Towne of Palliane hauing vnder him eight hundred souldyers payed by the Pope and the Catholique king These Articles were sworne to in the name of the sayde Princes the Pope and king Phillip by the Cardinall Caraffe and the Duke of Alua according to the Commission and faculties giuen vnto them swearing by the soules of theyr Princes to obserue all the whole without fraude cauelling or anie exception whatsoeuer adding a truce for a certayne time contayning pasport and safeconduct to the Duke of Guise and to all the Captaines and souldyers of the king of France to departe out of Italie and the Countries appertayning vnto king Phillip as well by sea as by land Afterwardes they signed and sealed the whole in the presence of the Cardinals of S. Flour and Vitelle who lykewise signed the present Treatise And forsomuch as it was not set downe therein to whome Palian shoulde appertaine since that the sequestrer kept it in the name of both the princes contracting there were secrete articles agreed vpon between the Cardinal Caraffe and the Duke of Alua. In which it was contained how that it should remaine at the will and discretion of the catholike king either to ruine or leaue that place in her entire without being lawful for him to repair or fortifie it vntill the sayd Lord King had giuen some place of like value and reuenew to the Popes sonne for recompence And anie difference falling out vppon that exchange the Senate of Venice shoulde giue iudgement thereof wythout either the one or the other parties refusing to obey what shuld be ordayned by that Seignorie And the recompence beeing once made by king Phillip hee might then bestowe the place of Palian vppon whom it liked him best sauing anie such as were an enemie to the Church of Rome And that he which should haue Palian in sequestration should bee bound to depart so soone as the place were dismembred Such was the issue of the affayres of Italie and of the armie which the King sent for the Popes succour the which was followed with a strange ouerflowing inundation of Tiber as I will cause you to see elsewhere Now that each partie had of a long time turned his desseignes to the warre couered notwithstanding by the conclusion of this truce yet had the Spanish Councell much better and from longer hande prouided for the preparatiues and inconueniences thereof For Phillip put as soone an armie agaynst that of Italie by which he drew out of the realme the flower of the nobilitie and the most renowmed Captaines and souldiers which were there the most accomplished and best furnished with all necessaries of anie that had beene seene of long time To the end hee would not faile to set forward his first fortune which he meant to proue in the view of all the potentates of Europe especially of the French in whome hee meant to ingraue by the beginning of his enterprises such a dread of his forces means as that for euer after they should bee more stayed and lesse stirring against him than they had beene against anie of his ancestors Henrie on the contrarie as the
the Duke of Guise that after that hee had to his best aduauntage accorded with the Pope and the Spaniardes hee shoulde bringe awaye the Armye into Fraunce with as much speede as were possible This Prince sodenlie let the Pope to vnderstand thereof and made him priuie of the necessity which called him backe into Fraunce and how his Princes affayres went Beinge the cause which made him to beseech his holines to license him and permit him to retyre after such time notwithstanding as he had compounded to his owne profit the estate of his affaires The Pope then being alredy desirous to ende this warre from which hee knewe that on the other side to bee proceeded as hee sawe it euidently and doubted least it woulde take ende with the ruine of one of these Princes and finally with his owne together with a confusion of the Ecclesiasticall estate and infinitnes of other mischeefes purposed more then before to bee agreed with Kinge Philip which wrought that ende whereof I before made mention So as the peace beinge concluded and published with all magnificence on Sonday being the 19. of that moneth the Duke of Alua entred into Rome about one of the clocke in the after noone with great apparances of ioy aswell by the salutations of the artillarie as an infinite number of squibs and other merimentes which they are accustomed to make especially in those parts at the welcome and amiable entertainement of any great Prince The Monday following they helde Consistorie where there were chosen deputed two Legates to intreate of an vniuersall peace The one which was the Cardinall of Tiuoli towardes the most Christian Kinge of France and the other which was the Cardinall Carlo Caraffe towardes the Catholique King Philip. The Duke of Guise in the meane space departed out of Italie to take his way into Fraunce and to imbarke himselfe at Ostia in the gallies french vessels which attended him with a sorte of Lordes Captaines and two thousande harquebusiers the other parte of the Armye vnder the conducte of the Duke D' Aumalle returned through the Popes lands towardes Bologne and Ferrara and so from thence they passed all for the most parte through the Grisons and Zuizers into Fraunce where the Duke of Guise beinge arriued was sodenly sent for to addresse an armie at Compienne At which place the Kinge being anone after arriued declared all such as were then in Courte beeing present howe that the Duke of Guise was come iumpe for the preseruation of his Realme and it was proposed to treate him Viceroy of Fraunce But this title beinge thought strange it was commaunded that letters shoulde bee dispatched to make him Lieuetenante Generall ouer all the Countries within his obedience The which were dispatched by Du Thier secretarie of the Commaundementes and afterwardes receyued and verified by the Parlamente of Paris and other soueraigne Courtes of the Realme whereof notwithstanding shortely after the Kinge excused himselfe towardes his Goship so he named the Constable sendinge him worde by secreate Letters that hee was constrained to doe as hee did and that hee shoulde not bee greeued for ought in that hee still reserued his place for him for he was so farre off from hauing the frendshippe which hee boare vnto him any wayes cooled through his absence and captiuitie that contrariwise it inflamed him the more so farre as that hee most diligently aduertysed him of all his secretest affayres without communicating ought gently aduertysed him of all his secretest affayres without communicating ought to any other Whereof Kinge Philip being aduertysed knew well enough how to make his profit as you shall see else where In this same tyme there happened in like sorte straunge floudes and inundations of Riuers at Rome and likewise at Florence That at Rome fell out the same day of the peace beeing the fourteenth of September Tiber one of the most renowned Riuers of Europe which some notwithstandinge number amonge the swift snowie streames being greatly swelled as though it woulde threaten Rome with great ruines encreasinge howrely for the night followinge it began to inlarge it selfe ouer all the lowe groundes of the medowes and vineyardes rounde about The next day it being encreased and broken in throughout the towne all the channels and gutters of the streetes and houses standing full the depth thereof was found in some places of the towne of the height of a man and more in the place D'Agone A la Roconde and A la Doanâ— So farre was this meruelous and dreadfull inundation from giuing leasure to the people to reioyce at this peace as that it made them more astonished and desolate then before which caused a number to thinke that it happened as a signe and aduertisement from God eyther for matters present or to come or rather to moue vs to a conuersion and amendement of our sinnes Nowe this furie of the water endured all that day and vntill foure of the clocke at night that it began a little to ebbe and decrease so as by the next morning at breake of day it was ebbed more then a shaftemente and then by little and little decreasing euery man in the afternoone might easily goe about this busines The depth of the water as some haue saide in many places exceeded the marke which was left at the other inundation in the yeare 1530. Others were of opinion that it wanted an handbredth Whereupon they alleadged many reasons among other that the Caues which were made and coured within Rome for it is augmented in buildinges a third parte had receiued and swallowed vp a great parte of the water Some iudged that the great number of newe streetes was a cause of the depth and other affirmed howe that the earth which was raysed vp since that time caused it seeme higher then it was But they which iudged it to bee the greatest say that it fell out so for that in the towne of Horta and Narin and all other places where it passed alongest it left behinde it a great abatement and ruine of houses hauing caried away halfe the bridge of Saint Marie together with the excellent chappell which Pope Iulie the thirde caused to bee builded there it vndermined and remoued certaine great peeces of marble great quarters of stone which defended the bridge of Saint Ange. It raysed and renuersed a great parte of the bulwarkes and bastions which they had caused to bee builded a yeare since ioyning to the Castle Besides that it threwe downe halfe the Temple and most parte of the buildinges of Saint Barthlemewes monasterie seated in the Ilande of Tiber. Briefely there was not within all Rome either pallace or building alongest which this furious rage of waters had passed which carried not some marke and testimonye of the wrath and violence of this angrie Element As touching that of Florence by the breaking forth of the Riuer Arno men iudged it farre greater then that at Rome and to haue
battered vndermined taken and sacked by the Imperials Horace Farneze D. of Castres De Magny the Vicount of Martigues Moninuille Cizieux Dampierre Lusignan and others dead at Hedin The French army assembled neere Amiens and Pequigny The D. of Ascoâ— prisonner The French army in the field A new ordinance of harquebusiers mounted Bapaulme represented The dessein of Charles 5. Emperour against the French Their answere of Cambray to the King Skirmishes before Cambray Description of the towne of cambray This towne of Cambray was euer coueted of the K. of France but neuer able to be reduced to the Flower delice vntil Francis D. of Brabant Aniou and Sonne of France and onely brother to the King had by siege taken the same and so annexed by his prowes at this day to the Crowne of Fraunce The Citadell of Cambray Feeble places ought not so much as to offer to holde out against an army bringing canon Representation of the Imperials forte The order of the French army hoping to gaine the battaile neer Valenciennes An inuention of the French so to order as all their troupes in one day should fight in battaile taken from the ancient Romanes How the artillery was ordered and disposed The K. presence giueth great encouragement to the Souldiers The charge of the French Cauallerie Consultation whether the enemies were to be assailed within their own forte or no. Retraite of the French Retrait departure of the French army The Marshall S. Andre sent with part of the army to recouer the County of S. Poul Count Reingraue A marriage treated between the K. of Spaine and the infant Mary new Q. of England Cardinal Pole sent to treat a peace betweene the K. and the Emperour Birth of Mounsier The K. army assembled in diuers pleces The French entreth in 3. places within the Emperours country The army of the D. of Neuers and his exploites The difficulty of the Ardennes The fort of Linchant ruined Streame of Semois The Castle of Orcimont summoned besieged battered and yeelded vp by the flight of the Defendants Valsimont the 4 lodging of the D. of Neuers armie Streame of Vouye The Castle of Beaurin summoned Beaurin Castle yeelded Cap. Salsede commissioner generall for victuals conquered al the Castles along the riuer Mariembourg taken by the French Rocroy a small village between Maubert-fontaine and Mariembourg fortified for the safetie of the passage Their answere of Disnan to the D. Harroâ—lde and trumpeter The K. armie Bouines furiously battered and taken by assault Forts punished for holding against the K. power A chiefe of an armie ought not to be to ventrous English Scotts takeÌ„ at the ports of Giuets by the Bourguignons The Emperours armie vnder the prince of Piemont An act of a most christian K. The imperial armie followeth the French from place to place Marimont a hous of pleasure to Q. Marâ—e burned The imperials enterprises vpon the French armie Marriage of Philip of Austria Mary Q. of England Courtesie of England Iane of Suffolke and her husband with sundry other beheadded at London The K. army before Rentry and his desseines The Emperour before Renty his disseines The Emperours and K. Henries desseines before Reinty The Imperial army to giue battaile to the French The French army represented before Renty to giue battaile The D. of Guises speech to the gentlemen of his company The K. answere to the Zuizers The second combate in which the imperials were ouerthrowne Number of the dead French and Imperial The K. army dissolued Mariembourg Pope Iuly 3. deceased Pope Marcel poysoned Pope Paul 4. Iesuistes Cardinal Pole his perswasions to a peace The place appointed to treat of the Peace Captaine Saluoson The Turks scoured the coast of Tuscane D. of Sauove Isle of Corse Syene desieged by the Marques of Marignan Ciuitelle besieged by the French A Captaine punished for cowardly yeelding vp a place furnished Turkes come to the aide of the French sacke all the coast of Italy Siene besieged by the Imperials Pope Marcel more deuout then watâ—er Montalcin the retreate of the Sienois Setean taken Port of Hercule a road for the french Gallies surprised by the Marquisse Ferdinand Gonzague disapointed by the Emperour The Duke of Alua Lieutenant generall in Italy for the Emperour The Marquisse of Marignau malcoÌ„tent with the Duk of Alua retyreth to his owne home Affaires of Piemont The first exploits of the D. of Alua rigorous to astonish them of the countrie Vulpian victuaaled by the D. of Alua. Saint Iaco besieged battered lest by the Imperials The D. of Alua retireth vulpian besieged battered and assaulted yeeldeth to composition Montcaluo taken Certain captains hanged for so slightly yeelding Combat at the sharpe betweene 4. French and as many Spaniards and Italians Surprises of certain companies in Piemont Desseins of the Imperial army A notable accident The part of a Brother Appeale of the last refuge of the condemned and safegarde of innocencie Charles 5. Emperour yeeldeth vp all his estates and retireth into Spaine to liue priuately Mary Q of Hungarie Gouernesse of the Lowe Countries Grace sweetenesse the first actions of Princes Letters plaints of Mary aspiring the Crowne of England Libels against the Spanniardes in England An accorde beetweene the King and the Duke of Estampes for his clame to the Dutchie of Bretaigne Occasions which moued K. Philip Marie of England to harken to a peace Charles Cardinall of Lorraine and his vyage in into Italy Perswasions to periurie Marriage of Mareschall Montmorency eldest sonne to the Conestable The Pope the last succour to flie vnto for breach of truce and oathes The King of Spaines answere to such griefes as the K. alleadged on the Popes behalfe Particular causes of the breache of Truce by the Imperialles Iean de Lune a Fugitiue into Fraunce Plaisance rendred to Octauian D. of Parmâ—â— Point of Honour in a Cardinall The Duke of Alua beseaâ—e hâ— Rome with the Pope and cardinals so harde as he thought to famiâ—lâ—e them The meanes which the French and Italians helde to a liâ—e Rome and the Pope against the enemies attempts attending succours out of Fraunce Ostia taken by the D. of Alua. The Venetians succour not the Pope The D. of Guise matcheth to Rome with the French armie The port of Ostia rendred by composition to the Spanyardes Truce betweene the Pope and the D. of Alua. D. of Ferrara named the Defender of the Church League between the Pope the K. of Fraunce and D. of Ferrara Italie in armes upon the comming of the French The D. of Alua his disseins The first attempts of the French armie ioyned with the Mareschal Brissae Valence yeilded vp to the D. of Guise Ostia and 〈◊〉 fort there of taken 〈◊〉 Stroâ—zy Monlâ—c To vnes taken from the Spaniardes The D. of Guise taketh Counâ—â—h of what is best to be done attâ—… taking of Valence Dauid George heretique deâ—… the discourse of his life Informations proceedinges iudgementes of the