be_v sin_n and_o we_o consider_v it_o as_o it_o act_v and_o so_o it_o be_v ens_fw-la paradox_n 2._o contra_fw-la epicureos_n illud_fw-la tamen_fw-la arcte_fw-la tenent_fw-la accurate_a que_fw-fr defendunt_fw-la voluptatem_fw-la esse_fw-la summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o he_o reason_n that_o pleasure_n can_v be_v the_o goodness_n of_o a_o man_n because_o it_o be_v the_o goodness_n of_o a_o beast_n and_o man_n and_o beast_n be_v contrary_n sic_fw-la libertas_fw-la &_o servetus_fw-la apud_fw-la tibullum_fw-la 2._o lib._n sic_fw-la mihi_fw-la servitium_fw-la video_fw-la dominamque_fw-la paratam_fw-la tu_fw-la mihi_fw-la libertas_fw-la illa_fw-la now_o i_o see_v bondage_n shall_v befall_v i_o ergo_fw-la fare_v well_o liberty_n pro_fw-la marcello_n nunquam_fw-la enim_fw-la temeritas_fw-la cum_fw-la sapientia_fw-la commiscetur_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la consilium_fw-la casus_fw-la addmittitur_fw-la he_o make_v temeritas_fw-la and_o sapientia_fw-la adversa_fw-la consilium_fw-la and_o casus_fw-la contrary_n but_o indeed_o they_o be_v disperate_v for_o temeritas_fw-la be_v a_o special_a kind_n of_o modus_fw-la efficiendi_fw-la namely_o necessitate_v aut_fw-la fortuna_fw-la and_o consilium_fw-la belong_v to_o causa_fw-la natura_fw-la aut_fw-la consilio_fw-la so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o under_o one_o next_o genus_fw-la chap._n vi_o de_fw-fr contradicentibus_fw-la contraria_fw-la negantia_fw-la sunt_fw-la quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la ait_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la idem_fw-la eaque_fw-la sunt_fw-la contradicentia_fw-la aut_fw-la privantia_fw-la contradicentia_fw-la sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la negantia_fw-la quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la ubique_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o have_v hear_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v we_o have_v also_o hear_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o this_o or_o that_o as_o a_o divers_a or_o as_o a_o opposite_a as_o a_o opposite_a either_o by_o a_o general_a nature_n which_o be_v disparate_v or_o by_o a_o more_o particular_a nature_n which_o be_v contrary_n we_o have_v hear_v that_o one_o thing_n be_v oppose_v to_o one_o thing_n or_o one_o thing_n be_v oppose_v to_o nothing_o one_o thing_n be_v oppose_v to_o one_o thing_n either_o as_o a_o relate_v or_o in_o adversa_fw-la now_o we_o come_v to_o show_v how_o a_o thing_n be_v from_o his_o cause_n be_v not_o a_o nothing_o contraria_fw-la where_o there_o be_v a_o fight_n of_o one_o to_o one_o negantia_fw-la here_o one_o of_o they_o be_v nothing_o ergo_fw-la it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o here_o be_v one_o to_o one_o yet_o our_o logic_n here_o make_v nothing_o something_o per_fw-la oppositum_fw-la ens_fw-la and_o in_o very_a deed_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o ens_fw-la be_v from_o his_o cause_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v another_o thing_n so_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v nothing_o negantia_fw-la not_o that_o he_o speak_v here_o of_o the_o negation_n that_o we_o shall_v hear_v of_o afterward_o in_o a_o axiom_n but_o he_o mean_v a_o not_o be_v ramus_n have_v not_o a_o better_a word_n ergo_fw-la he_o keep_v this_o deliver_v it_o in_o the_o active_a voice_n desire_v to_o commend_v to_o we_o the_o act_n or_o argue_v or_o the_o faculty_n whereby_o argument_n do_v act_v now_o nothing_o give_v name_n to_o contradicentia_fw-la of_o contra_fw-la and_o dicens_fw-la because_o the_o affirmer_n that_o that_o be_v a_o thing_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o before_o it_o be_v common_a to_o affirmantia_fw-la ergo_fw-la because_o that_o be_v it_o which_o be_v only_o special_a here_o he_o mean_v they_o by_o the_o negative_a part_n sunt_fw-la for_o as_o there_o be_v a_o something_o so_o there_o must_v be_v a_o nothing_o because_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v except_o ens_fw-la primum_fw-la as_o it_o be_v not_o once_o so_o may_v it_o not_o be_v again_o quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la ait_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la idem_fw-la that_o be_v the_o one_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la that_o be_v the_o other_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la he_o have_v not_o better_a word_n to_o utter_v they_o to_o the_o act_n of_o our_o understanding_n ergo_fw-la borrow_v these_o word_n ait_fw-fr negate_fw-la which_o be_v a_o metonimy_n of_o the_o adjunct_n for_o the_o subject_n but_o remove_v the_o rhetoric_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v what_o he_o mean_v idem_fw-la for_o it_o be_v by_o oppositum_fw-la ens_fw-la that_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v ens_fw-la and_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o nothing_o contradicent_fw-la that_o nothing_o be_v a_o argument_n here_o we_o see_v the_o force_n of_o reason_n that_o make_v non_fw-la ens_fw-la to_o be_v ens_fw-la but_o it_o be_v by_o oppositum_fw-la ens_fw-la only_a so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o idem_fw-la they_o be_v not_o contrary_n no_o not_o opposite_n object_n but_o may_v it_o not_o have_v be_v leave_v out_o be_v teach_v general_o before_o answ_n no_o there_o must_v be_v a_o denial_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n for_o the_o whole_a entity_n that_o we_o give_v to_o a_o negant_fw-la be_v per_fw-la oppositum_fw-la ens_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o must_v have_v reference_n to_o idem_fw-la sunt_fw-la contradicentia_fw-la aut_fw-la privantia_fw-la as_o the_o consentany_n proceed_v from_o cause_n to_o effect_n and_o so_o to_o subject_n and_o adjunct_n so_o do_v dissentany_n disagree_v less_o or_o more_o the_o less_o dissent_v argument_n must_v go_v before_o because_o they_o be_v common_a to_o the_o other_o and_o be_v contain_v in_o they_o now_o opposite_n be_v not_o this_o or_o that_o by_o a_o lesser_a or_o a_o more_o earnest_a opposition_n contrary_n be_v of_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o or_o of_o one_o thing_n to_o nothing_o and_o here_o be_v a_o sharp_a contention_n and_o again_o among_o these_o the_o contradicent_fw-la though_o it_o take_v away_o the_o same_o thing_n ubique_fw-la yet_o it_o leave_v something_o in_o room_n of_o it_o sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la negantia_fw-la which_o we_o hear_v before_o quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la ubique_fw-la quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la namely_o the_o deny_v negate_fw-la ubique_fw-la that_o be_v in_o every_o subject_n and_o put_v another_o thing_n in_o room_n thereof_o as_o visus_fw-la non_fw-la visus_fw-la non_fw-la visus_fw-la deny_v visus_fw-la in_o my_o eye_n hand_n and_o foot_n and_o in_o every_o part_n of_o my_o body_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o take_v away_o every_o thing_n but_o there_o may_v be_v some_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v there_o negate_fw-la ubique_fw-la good_a reason_n for_o when_o it_o pursue_v the_o contrary_a in_o every_o part_n it_o can_v be_v so_o strong_a a_o fight_n as_o where_o the_o contrary_a fight_n with_o the_o other_o in_o the_o same_o subject_n ut_fw-la iustùs_fw-la non_fw-la iustùs_fw-la for_o the_o use_n of_o they_o we_o seldom_o find_v they_o direct_o oppose_v but_o in_o a_o axiom_n we_o chief_o find_v they_o as_o when_o i_o say_v it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v not_o so_o or_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o often_o by_o way_n of_o mock_v as_o when_o we_o cry_v at_o a_o thing_n and_o say_v if_o it_o be_v not_o it_o be_v not_o here_o be_v the_o antecedent_n negative_a and_o the_o antecedent_n affirmative_a sic_fw-la in_o defensicne_fw-la murenae_fw-la &c_n &c_n nihil_fw-la ignoveris_fw-la say_v the_o stoic_a imo_fw-la aliquid_fw-la non_fw-la omne_fw-la here_o be_v contradicent_fw-la axiom_n make_v one_o axiom_n to_o consist_v of_o contradicent_fw-la argument_n so_o that_o by_o this_o example_n we_o may_v see_v where_o they_o be_v use_v they_o be_v call_v contradientia_fw-la because_o the_o contrariety_n be_v in_o the_o denial_n of_o the_o word_n affirm_v quasi_fw-la contrarietas_fw-la in_o dictione_n but_o it_o be_v in_o re_fw-mi indeed_o so_o that_o this_o be_v contradiction_n when_o two_o talk_n together_o and_o the_o one_o deny_v that_o which_o the_o other_o say_v as_o dives_n non_fw-la dives_fw-la bella_fw-la non_fw-la bella_fw-la pvella_fw-la non_fw-la pvella_fw-la so_o cicero_n count_v atticus_n a_o epicure_n by_o profession_n that_o mortui_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la miseri_fw-la because_o non_fw-la sunt_fw-la now_o when_o we_o find_v contradiction_n in_o a_o speech_n we_o show_v it_o by_o the_o rule_n we_o find_v many_o argument_n among_o the_o papist_n to_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n and_o also_o among_o our_o own_o man_n the_o fallace_n be_v general_a to_o opposite_n and_o there_o be_v non-contradicents_a for_o contradicent_n when_o man_n contend_v about_o nothing_o chap._n 17._o de_fw-fr privantibus_fw-la privantia_fw-la sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la negantia_fw-la quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la negatâ—in_fw-la eo_fw-la tantum_fw-la subjecto_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la suapte_v natura_fw-la inest_fw-la now_o we_o come_v to_o see_v a_o thing_n in_o his_o be_v and_o with_o his_o compliment_n may_v not_o be_v that_o absence_n of_o a_o thing_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v for_o privans_n be_v nothing_o else_o privan_n will_v neither_o let_v the_o habit_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o deni_v be_v there_o nor_o any_o other_o thing_n but_o itself_o ergo_fw-la there_o be_v the_o great_a contention_n that_o can_v be_v and_o between_o something_o and_o nothing_o in_o the_o same_o place_n there_o be_v the_o great_a distance_n and_o nothing_o pull_v out_o something_o as_o
be_v accidental_a to_o a_o axiom_n for_o it_o may_v be_v subjectum_fw-la as_o well_o and_o both_o be_v accidental_a ad_fw-la arguendum_fw-la why_o ad_fw-la arguendum_fw-la because_o the_o end_n of_o a_o argument_n be_v to_o argue_v to_o play_v the_o argument_n as_o the_o eye_n to_o see_v ad_fw-la arguendum_fw-la because_o evermore_o when_o we_o fetch_v a_o argument_n to_o show_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o arguens_fw-la and_o do_v agere_fw-la the_o aliquid_fw-la be_v also_o a_o argument_n but_o it_o do_v pati_fw-la so_o that_o as_o quoth_v be_v general_a that_o be_v arguens_fw-la or_o do_v argue_v so_o it_o tell_v i_o that_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v argue_v so_o hâ—mo_fw-la est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la here_o homo_fw-la be_v the_o aliquid_fw-la and_o be_v argue_v by_o his_o genus_fw-la which_o charge_v homo_fw-la therefore_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n but_o be_v a_o argument_n and_o may_v argue_v or_o be_v argue_v but_o remember_v that_o both_o quod_fw-la and_o the_o aliquid_fw-la that_o be_v both_o the_o arguens_fw-la and_o argutum_fw-la do_v arguere_fw-la but_o the_o one_o first_o the_o other_o second_o the_o one_o do_v agere_fw-la the_o other_o do_v pati_fw-la and_o so_o reagere_fw-la the_o aliquid_fw-la tell_v i_o it_o be_v the_o first_o and_o then_o quod_fw-la come_v and_o argue_v it_o now_o will_v you_o argue_v than_o evermore_o look_v first_o and_o that_o careful_o whether_o your_o quod_fw-la will_v argue_v your_o aliquid_fw-la as_o will_v you_o build_v a_o house_n with_o sand_n that_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o it_o be_v not_o affectum_fw-la to_o it_o neither_o have_v it_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o it_o so_o that_o by_o any_o mean_n let_v we_o keep_v close_o to_o our_o rule_n and_o we_o shall_v not_o do_v wrong_a the_o fallacian_n of_o the_o common_a logician_n of_o coxismus_n or_o petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la or_o cuculi_fw-la cantus_fw-la for_o they_o be_v all_o one_o as_o the_o cuckoo_n cry_v cuckoo_n the_o cuckoo_n be_v cuckoo_n ergo_fw-la the_o cuckoo_n cry_v cuckoo_n for_o here_o be_v no_o three_o argument_n and_o this_o be_v common_o the_o woman_n reason_n because_o it_o have_v so_o little_a reason_n in_o it_o as_o they_o will_v say_v it_o be_v so_o because_o it_o be_v so_o so_o that_o simplex_fw-la conuersio_fw-la among_o logician_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o this_o rule_n as_o omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n ergo_fw-la aliquod_fw-la animal_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la other_o logician_n as_o polanus_fw-la call_v argumentum_fw-la thema_fw-la which_o be_v too_o special_a for_o thema_fw-la be_v take_v among_o school_n for_o a_o question_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o way_n of_o oration_n again_o every_o argument_n be_v not_o take_v as_o thema_fw-la than_o he_o say_v thema_fw-la est_fw-la simplex_fw-la which_o be_v argumentum_fw-la or_o compositum_fw-la which_o be_v quaestio_fw-la and_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o our_o logic_n go_v most_o orderly_o and_o that_o it_o look_v at_o ens_fw-la as_o it_o be_v simmont_v with_o another_o thing_n quales_fw-la sunt_fw-la singulae_fw-la rationes_fw-la solae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la consideratae_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v what_o argumentum_fw-la be_v and_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o we_o be_v to_o look_v at_o in_o simples_n be_v this_o the_o glue_n to_o be_v affection_a as_o if_o we_o shall_v look_v for_o a_o cause_n see_v whether_o it_o be_v affect_v to_o be_v so_o we_o have_v hear_v the_o fallacian_n in_o part_n before_o as_o first_o where_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n but_o petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la and_o that_o either_o where_o there_o be_v no_o petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la and_o that_o either_o where_o there_o be_v no_o petitio_fw-la at_o all_o or_o where_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v utter_v in_o a_o synonymie_n or_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n again_o it_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o this_o rule_n when_o that_o be_v bring_v for_o a_o argument_n which_o be_v no_o argument_n as_o baculus_fw-la stat_fw-la in_o angulo_fw-la or_o when_o the_o three_o argument_n be_v more_o obscure_a and_o doubtful_a than_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o question_n these_o and_o all_o other_o petitiones_fw-la principii_fw-la be_v breach_n of_o this_o rule_n in_o general_n and_o not_o of_o any_o special_a one_o again_o it_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o argument_n when_o we_o mistake_v the_o aliquid_fw-la though_o the_o argument_n be_v good_a and_o so_o that_o heterozetesis_n be_v a_o fallace_n of_o argumentum_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la as_o when_o i_o talk_v of_o chalk_n he_o talk_v of_o cheese_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o commoration_n after_o argumentum_fw-la quales_fw-la sunt_fw-la fingula_fw-la rationes_fw-la solae_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o have_v define_v argumentum_fw-la from_o that_o affection_n that_o be_v continual_o in_o it_o for_o the_o act_n be_v accidental_a and_o may_v be_v want_v for_o potentia_fw-la as_o we_o hear_v in_o nature_n arise_v from_o the_o act_n of_o the_o form_n upon_o the_o matter_n now_o he_o say_v singulae_fw-la that_o be_v argument_n by_o argument_n the_o cause_n alone_o the_o effect_n alone_o and_o so_o all_o the_o argument_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n he_o say_v rationes_fw-la rather_o than_o argumenta_fw-la first_o because_o there_o be_v a_o equivocation_n in_o that_o word_n many_o have_v think_v it_o to_o belong_v to_o a_o syllogism_n only_o and_o so_o when_o we_o say_v i_o deny_v your_o reason_n there_o it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o axiom_n now_o it_o be_v take_v sometime_o for_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_n sometime_o for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o thing_n here_o he_o show_v that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o with_o argumentum_fw-la solae_fw-la that_o be_v as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o invention_n without_o judgement_n and_o that_o he_o explain_v further_o per_fw-la se_fw-la that_o be_v they_o be_v in_o their_o definition_n not_o respect_v with_o some_o thing_n external_o these_o be_v tale_n that_o be_v such_o as_o i_o have_v define_v unto_o you_o so_o that_o he_o do_v here_o commorari_fw-la because_o of_o difference_n with_o aristotle_n or_o rather_o with_o the_o aristotelian_o even_o as_o he_o stay_v before_o upon_o the_o definition_n of_o dialectica_fw-la for_o they_o think_v there_o be_v no_o argument_n but_o in_o judgement_n and_o therefore_o have_v question_n with_o ramus_n whether_o a_o argument_n be_v to_o be_v teach_v before_o we_o come_v to_o a_o syllogism_n ramus_n here_o propound_v it_o and_o determine_v it_o for_o his_o own_o part_n that_o it_o may_v be_v without_o judgement_n and_o look_v at_o other_o and_o you_o shall_v see_v they_o define_v all_o argument_n from_o their_o use_n in_o a_o syllogism_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o all_o topic_a place_n of_o aristotle_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o straight_o as_o they_o take_v it_o and_o ramus_n will_v teach_v we_o here_o that_o to_o argue_v be_v accidental_a to_o a_o argument_n and_o disposition_n to_o so_o that_o their_o mistake_n make_v he_o here_o to_o demur_v and_o stay_v upon_o it_o now_o indeed_o there_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v a_o simple_a consideration_n of_o argumentum_fw-la for_o though_o thing_n in_o nature_n be_v dispose_v together_o yet_o they_o be_v sever_v at_o the_o first_o and_o again_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v they_o so_o still_o though_o they_o be_v together_o consideratae_fw-la he_o use_v this_o word_n because_o thought_n invention_n and_o judgement_n be_v join_v together_o in_o nature_n yet_o he_o will_v here_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o be_v to_o sever_v they_o by_o our_o consideration_n as_o thus_o i_o can_v see_v heat_n without_o fire_n cold_a without_o water_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o singulae_fw-la rationeâ—_n be_v solae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la consideratae_fw-la non_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la for_o so_o they_o can_v be_v but_o they_o be_v solae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la consideratae_fw-la in_o consideration_n for_o so_o they_o be_v he_o say_v quail_n because_o argumentum_fw-la be_v define_v from_o his_o quality_n or_o property_n of_o affection_n and_o property_n be_v quality_n argumentum_fw-la est_fw-la artificiale_a aut_fw-la inartificiale_a this_o affection_n or_o glue_v be_v artificiale_a or_o inartificiale_a as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v argumâ—ntum_fw-la have_v this_o affection_n ex_fw-la sese_fw-la and_o it_o be_v in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la or_o it_o be_v not_o ex_fw-la sese_fw-la but_o from_o some_o other_o thing_n so_o that_o every_o argument_n be_v affect_v but_o two_o way_n one_o as_o a_o artificial_a argument_n the_o other_o as_o a_o inartificial_a now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o distribution_n be_v this_o god_n have_v make_v all_o thing_n for_o man_n and_o at_o the_o begin_n for_o one_o man_n and_o they_o be_v to_o conduce_v to_o one_o but_o all_o thing_n can_v come_v under_o one_o man_n eye_n of_o reason_n therefore_o that_o he_o may_v be_v better_o furnish_v herein_o god_n have_v provide_v these_o two_o the_o one_o whereby_o he_o may_v see_v by_o himself_o
best_o except_o the_o hebrew_n for_o those_o that_o invent_v the_o greek_a tongue_n be_v great_a scholar_n and_o be_v very_o good_a rhetorician_n and_o so_o make_v their_o speech_n more_o eloquent_a whereas_o our_o inventor_n of_o english_a be_v not_o so_o bene_n be_v here_o a_o adverb_n join_v to_o the_o verb_n to_o show_v his_o signification_n and_o be_v not_o another_o word_n from_o loqui_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v this_o a_o man_n may_v loqui_fw-la but_o not_o bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la as_o bone_fw-la vinum_fw-la be_v as_o good_a as_o their_o wine_n but_o not_o good_a grammar_n as_o a_o man_n may_v dispute_v sophistical_o or_o ignorant_o and_o so_o break_v the_o rule_n of_o logic_n so_o likewise_o he_o may_v malè_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o break_v the_o rule_n of_o grammar_n again_o since_o the_o fall_n of_o man_n as_o there_o be_v a_o bona_fw-la and_o a_o mala_fw-la ratio_fw-la so_o there_o be_v a_o be_v and_o malè_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o grammar_n give_v not_o precept_n of_o that_o malè_fw-la loqui_fw-la which_o be_v attract_v by_o sin_n but_o only_o of_o that_o bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la which_o be_v a_o creature_n of_o god_n object_n but_o many_o have_v think_v that_o this_o be_v be_v nothing_o but_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o definition_n of_o art_n in_o general_n and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o be_v repeat_v in_o every_o special_a art_n answ_n but_o they_o be_v to_o know_v since_o the_o fall_n as_o we_o say_v before_o there_o be_v a_o be_v and_o malè_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o art_n give_v precept_n only_o to_o the_o bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v must_v be_v add_v for_o distinction_n sake_n again_o they_o confess_v themselves_o that_o be_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o arse_n be_v the_o same_o that_o expeditè_fw-fr and_o that_o be_v a_o habit_n in_o man_n whereas_o this_o be_v be_v essential_a unto_o grammar_n as_o it_o be_v a_o art_n again_o here_o be_v be_v join_v with_o the_o form_n not_o with_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v another_o genus_fw-la which_o be_v more_o special_a over_o and_o above_o that_o which_o be_v before_o for_o so_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o species_n contain_v more_o in_o they_o than_o the_o genus_fw-la do_v now_o for_o those_o who_o to_o avoid_v be_v will_v put_v more_o word_n into_o the_o definition_n let_v they_o know_v that_o into_o how_o many_o word_n they_o divide_v the_o form_n into_o so_o many_o part_n they_o cut_v it_o which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v because_o the_o form_n be_v but_o one_o argument_n now_o it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n among_o many_o scholar_n which_o language_n be_v the_o first_o and_o that_o be_v indeed_o the_o hebrew_n goropius_n will_v have_v the_o dutch_a to_o be_v the_o first_o and_o he_o argue_v for_o it_o subtle_o and_o have_v many_o notation_n of_o word_n as_o fast_o backward_o be_v staff_n because_o when_o we_o have_v a_o staff_n we_o stand_v fast_o so_o litera_fw-la be_v of_o let_v and_o oer_o which_o signify_v to_o wander_v because_o when_o we_o write_v we_o let_v our_o pen_n wander_v about_o benè_fw-la loquendi_fw-la here_o because_o the_o form_n be_v not_o easy_o find_v out_o and_o when_o it_o be_v find_v out_o we_o have_v not_o one_o word_n to_o express_v it_o in_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o imagine_v the_o form_n to_o be_v include_v in_o this_o gerund_n in_o di_fw-mi for_o because_o we_o have_v not_o a_o word_n to_o deliver_v the_o form_n in_o hence_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o take_v the_o next_o argument_n to_o forma_fw-la which_o be_v finis_fw-la and_o include_v it_o in_o that_o and_o we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o in_o very_a deed_n every_o precept_n be_v a_o member_n of_o that_o art_n whereof_o it_o be_v a_o precept_n so_o that_o every_o precept_n have_v a_o certain_a vigour_n or_o life_n or_o soul_n as_o it_o be_v which_o soul_n take_v up_o from_o all_o the_o precept_n be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o art_n and_o again_o howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o grammar_n be_v not_o in_o every_o thing_n for_o many_o thing_n have_v no_o name_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o general_a art_n yet_o the_o work_n of_o grammar_n be_v in_o every_o thing_n so_o also_o though_o man_n only_o can_v speak_v yet_o grammar_n work_n be_v general_a and_o so_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v it_o to_o answer_v in_o proportion_n to_o logic_n for_o as_o i_o see_v every_o thing_n with_o my_o eye_n of_o reason_n so_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o after_o i_o have_v receive_v it_o i_o shall_v carry_v every_o thing_n to_o another_o and_o that_o i_o must_v do_v by_o grammar_n and_o grammar_n have_v a_o double_a reference_n one_o in_o regard_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v and_o another_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o thing_n he_o speak_v of_o or_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o e._n we_o that_o here_o be_v to_o look_v out_o at_o the_o thing_n he_o speak_v and_o his_o meaning_n and_o in_o very_a deed_n ens_fw-la à _fw-la primo_fw-la be_v god_n creature_n and_o have_v every_o art_n in_o it_o so_o that_o though_o grammar_n that_o be_v speech_n be_v proper_a to_o man_n yet_o grammar_n work_n be_v in_o every_o thing_n the_o reason_n be_v this_o every_o thing_n in_o nature_n be_v distinct_a and_o i_o apprehend_v they_o so_o with_o my_o logic_n and_o they_o be_v so_o must_v needs_o have_v distinct_a name_n otherwise_o i_o can_v carry_v they_o to_o other_o distinct_o and_o as_o they_o be_v so_o that_o grammar_n be_v general_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o so_o adam_n by_o see_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o creature_n can_v see_v their_o name_n though_o we_o can_v do_v it_o so_o he_o name_v the_o fire_n esh_n because_o of_o the_o noise_n it_o make_v in_o green_a wood_n so_o water_n maiim_fw-mi which_o signify_v quid_fw-la that_o be_v the_o essence_n for_o so_o thales_n think_v that_o every_o thing_n be_v make_v of_o water_n and_o in_o the_o second_o verse_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n it_o be_v say_v the_o spirit_n of_o god_n move_v upon_o the_o water_n where_o water_n be_v put_v for_o the_o first_o matter_n so_o we_o call_v it_o in_o latin_a aqua_fw-la quasi_fw-la à _fw-la quâ_fw-la the_o efficient_a cause_n so_o he_o call_v darkness_n lajil_v which_o signify_v rest_n because_o it_o be_v the_o time_n of_o rest_n so_o god_n call_v the_o day_n jam_fw-la because_o of_o the_o jumble_a noise_n that_o be_v make_v in_o it_o so_o the_o earth_n eret_n from_o rashat_v tero_fw-la to_o ware_n and_o there_o be_v no_o name_n but_o it_o have_v a_o reason_n of_o it_o and_o that_o logic_n tell_v i_o when_o it_o handle_v notatio_fw-la for_o ens_fw-la à _fw-la primo_fw-la have_v that_o in_o it_o which_o be_v in_o every_o general_a art_n loquendi_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o dicere_fw-la signify_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o come_v to_o be_v distinguish_v thus_o because_o that_o rhetoric_n to_o which_o dicere_fw-la do_v belong_v be_v see_v most_o especial_o in_o plead_v before_o judge_n hence_o they_o give_v it_o that_o name_n dicere_fw-la which_o come_v of_o dico_fw-la and_o dico_fw-la come_v of_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v the_o decision_n of_o a_o controversy_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bifariam_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d divido_fw-la which_o may_v well_o be_v because_o in_o plead_v of_o controversy_n they_o divide_v their_o speech_n loquendi_fw-la not_o ars_fw-la scribendi_fw-la for_o if_o they_o take_v it_o for_o the_o orthography_n of_o a_o word_n it_o be_v accidental_a neither_o be_v the_o letter_n the_o same_o in_o every_o tongue_n therefore_o not_o the_o same_o write_n of_o they_o again_o the_o letter_n may_v be_v change_v though_o not_o well_o for_o the_o hebrew_n letter_n be_v give_v with_o great_a reason_n and_o the_o other_o be_v take_v from_o they_o if_o they_o take_v write_v as_o general_a as_o speak_v it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o grammar_n now_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v this_o man_n receive_v into_o his_o understanding_n the_o notion_n of_o thing_n these_o notion_n be_v express_v and_o make_v know_v from_o he_o to_o another_o man_n by_o word_n now_o because_o man_n be_v not_o to_o live_v always_o neither_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n can_v speak_v unto_o every_o one_o hence_o be_v the_o necessity_n of_o writing_n bene._n for_o a_o man_n may_v loqui_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o be_v loqui_fw-la i._n e._n according_a to_o bona_fw-la locutio_fw-la whereof_o grammar_n give_v precept_n but_o he_o that_o speak_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o grammar_n whether_o he_o know_v he_o do_v so_o or_o no_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n he_o do_v be_v loqui_fw-la i._n e._n he_o speak_v such_o a_o speech_n as_o be_v pure_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o
have_v a_o efficient_a and_o a_o end_n ergo_fw-la be_v create_v then_o again_o he_o be_v seipso_fw-la ergo_fw-la he_o must_v be_v uncreated_a hence_o also_o he_o can_v be_v annihilate_v neither_o generate_v nor_o corrupt_v again_o hence_o he_o be_v independe_v aliunde_fw-la and_o therefore_o supremum_fw-la again_o hence_o he_o be_v without_o matter_n now_o if_o he_o be_v without_o matter_n therefore_o he_o be_v without_o genus_fw-la ergo_fw-la be_v not_o a_o species_n either_o subalterna_fw-la or_o specialissima_fw-la again_o if_o he_o be_v without_o form_n as_o without_o genus_fw-la than_o he_o can_v be_v define_v ergo_fw-la he_o must_v be_v without_o limitation_n of_o essence_n ergo_fw-la without_o limitation_n of_o quantity_n ergo_fw-la without_o limitation_n of_o place_n and_o because_o he_o be_v without_o beginning_n from_o any_o other_o thing_n therefore_o he_o be_v without_o any_o duration_n and_o because_o he_o be_v without_o any_o matter_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v true_o spiritual_a for_o so_o we_o account_v thing_n spiritual_a according_a to_o the_o subtleness_n of_o their_o matter_n but_o he_o have_v no_o matter_n at_o all_o again_o he_o be_v without_o matter_n and_o form_n ergo_fw-la can_v be_v no_o membrum_fw-la because_o every_o member_n contain_v a_o portion_n of_o matter_n and_o form_n neither_o can_v he_o be_v a_o integrum_fw-la because_o that_o consist_v of_o member_n which_o contain_v part_n of_o matter_n and_o form_n now_o in_o that_o he_o be_v absolute_o first_o therefore_o he_o can_v be_v but_o unum_fw-la for_o else_o there_o shall_v be_v more_o again_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v more_o than_o one_o than_o the_o one_o will_v say_v as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o i_o be_o as_o forward_o as_o thou_o and_o so_o none_o can_v be_v absolute_o first_o again_o he_o be_v no_o genus_fw-la for_o that_o be_v a_o universal_a or_o synopsis_n of_o many_o together_o whereas_o he_o be_v but_o one_o so_o that_o now_o he_o be_v not_o proper_o a_o ens_fw-la but_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o above_o our_o logic_n again_o in_o that_o he_o be_v absolute_o first_o he_o must_v needs_o be_v without_o accident_n to_o use_v their_o term_n without_o adjunct_n for_o they_o be_v second_o thing_n arise_v from_o their_o substance_n and_o in_o absolute_a primo_fw-la ente_fw-la there_o must_v be_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o be_v absolute_a primum_fw-la so_o that_o here_o we_o see_v his_o most_o simple_a be_v and_o that_o he_o be_v beyond_o our_o logic_n now_o if_o he_o be_v without_o all_o potentia_fw-la both_o essentialis_fw-la and_o accidentalis_fw-la he_o be_v pure_a act_n so_o that_o this_o act_n now_o of_o his_o must_v needs_o be_v his_o esse_fw-la because_o he_o be_v pure_a act_n for_o if_o he_o be_v agere_fw-la than_o his_o esse_fw-la and_o agere_fw-la be_v the_o same_o so_o that_o if_o any_o one_o do_v any_o thing_n as_o every_o ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la do_v by_o potentia_fw-la it_o be_v not_o pure_a act_n some_o say_v the_o angel_n do_v agere_fw-la per_fw-la essentiam_fw-la but_o it_o be_v false_a unless_o they_o mean_v that_o they_o act_v first_o by_o potentia_fw-la now_o indeed_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o it_o do_v act_v per_fw-la faoultatem_fw-la essentiae_fw-la first_o the_o form_n that_o be_v the_o beginner_n of_o act_n and_o when_o it_o act_v upon_o matter_n internal_a that_o be_v habitual_a or_o a_o faculty_n when_o it_o act_v by_o the_o matter_n upon_o some_o external_a object_n that_o be_v a_o act_n for_o first_o there_o be_v the_o essence_n the_o matter_n and_o the_o form_n than_o the_o faculty_n the_o form_n act_n upon_o the_o matter_n internal_o last_o the_o act_n which_o be_v of_o the_o form_n by_o the_o matter_n external_o now_o these_o be_v not_o in_o god_n but_o be_v his_o very_a essence_n now_o we_o find_v then_o that_o this_o primum_fw-la ens_fw-la must_v be_v actus_fw-la and_o purus_fw-la actus_fw-la because_o there_o be_v no_o potentia_fw-la in_o he_o at_o all_o ergo_fw-la it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o he_o be_v primus_fw-la actus_fw-la ergo_fw-la optimus_fw-la actus_fw-la for_o primus_fw-la actus_fw-la and_o optimus_fw-la actus_fw-la be_v all_o one_o again_o hence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o act_n of_o other_o thing_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v from_o he_o and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n actu_fw-la it_o must_v be_v from_o he_o so_o then_o thus_o we_o have_v find_v he_o absolute_a in_o every_o thing_n ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la now_o to_o return_v to_o the_o first_o syllogism_n if_o there_o be_v reason_n there_o must_v be_v a_o adaequatum_fw-la subjectum_fw-la of_o it_o ergo_fw-la ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la for_o we_o have_v hear_v that_o ens_fw-la primum_fw-la be_v beyond_o our_o reason_n so_o that_o there_o must_v be_v ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la which_o be_v adequatum_fw-la subjectum_fw-la rationi_fw-la and_o that_o now_o be_v liable_a to_o all_o our_o logic_n for_o it_o have_v cause_n effect_n subject_n adjunct_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o we_o will_v go_v on_o and_o see_v all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o art_n in_o the_o concretion_n of_o ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la which_o the_o philosopher_n say_v can_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o we_o may_v dig_v deep_a and_o lay_v our_o foundation_n of_o art_n sure_a i_o have_v show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o be_v and_o that_o it_o be_v double_a the_o one_o from_o who_o art_n be_v the_o other_o in_o who_o it_o shine_v now_o we_o hear_v that_o ens_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o true_a notation_n of_o ens_fw-la resolve_v by_o grammar_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la now_o for_o the_o continual_a succession_n of_o thing_n which_o some_o dream_n of_o this_o it_o be_v if_o all_o thing_n be_v effect_n there_o must_v be_v so_o many_o cause_n ergo_fw-la in_o the_o end_n we_o shall_v come_v to_o a_o first_o cause_n that_o be_v not_o effectum_fw-la further_n we_o hear_v that_o ens_fw-la primum_fw-la be_v quod_fw-la est_fw-la seipso_fw-la that_o be_v without_o any_o other_o so_o that_o in_o propriety_n be_v be_v neither_o essentia_fw-la nor_o ens_fw-la but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hence_o he_o neither_o have_v cause_n neither_o be_v any_o argument_n that_o do_v arise_v from_o cause_n ergo_fw-la be_v a_o individuum_fw-la but_o not_o a_o species_n he_o be_v without_o end_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hence_o he_o therefore_o be_v never_o make_v ergo_fw-la he_o make_v all_o thing_n he_o be_v without_o definition_n distribution_n and_o property_n because_o he_o be_v without_o cause_n ergo_fw-la there_o can_v be_v no_o art_n of_o he_o but_o he_o must_v be_v the_o author_n of_o art_n as_o we_o shall_v hear_v hereafter_o he_o be_v merus_fw-la actus_fw-la because_o he_o be_v without_o all_o potentia_fw-la both_o substantialis_fw-la and_o accidentalis_fw-la again_o he_o be_v primus_fw-la actus_fw-la ergo_fw-la optimus_fw-la actus_fw-la ergo_fw-la whatsoever_o be_v well_o do_v of_o any_o thing_n be_v first_o from_o he_o again_o he_o be_v infinitus_fw-la actus_fw-la ergo_fw-la able_a to_o do_v any_o finite_a thing_n yea_o and_o infinite_a eâ—s_v a_o primo_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la ut_fw-la est_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la sie_fw-fr est_fw-fr ex_fw-la nihilo_fw-la proter_fw-la primum_fw-la first_o we_o prove_v before_o that_o there_o be_v ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la for_o proprium_fw-la &_o adaequatum_fw-la subjectum_fw-la rationis_fw-la est_fw-la at_o ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la est_fw-la proprium_fw-la &_o adaequatum_fw-la objectum_fw-la rather_o than_o subjectum_fw-la rationis_fw-la ergo_fw-la est_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la that_o we_o hear_v before_o for_o it_o can_v be_v of_o itself_o for_o than_o it_o shall_v be_v absolute_o first_o ergo_fw-la not_o the_o subject_n of_o our_o reason_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v aliunde_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o be_v in_o the_o end_n for_o he_o that_o be_v not_o aliunde_fw-la propter_fw-la primum_fw-la every_o ens_fw-la a_o primo_fw-la be_v make_v ergo_fw-la for_o a_o end_n ergo_fw-la at_o last_v propter_fw-la primum_fw-la as_o propter_fw-la finem_fw-la again_o optimus_fw-la actus_fw-la must_v do_v nothing_o in_o vain_a it_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o nature_n in_o school_n that_o god_n and_o nature_n nihil_fw-la agunt_fw-la frustra_fw-la which_o indeed_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n of_o logic_n apply_v to_o two_o special_a art_n natural_a philosophy_n and_o divinity_n now_o then_o at_o last_o we_o shall_v find_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v make_v for_o that_o which_o be_v never_o make_v ergo_fw-la propter_fw-la primus_fw-la ens_fw-la object_n but_o some_o thing_n may_v be_v make_v for_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v answ_n i_o suppose_v mediate_o yet_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v effect_n ergo_fw-la make_v for_o a_o end_n at_o length_n we_o shall_v come_v to_o a_o end_n that_o be_v not_o a_o effect_n as_o all_o creature_n be_v make_v for_o man_n and_o man_n also_o be_v make_v be_v therefore_o for_o a_o end_n ergo_fw-la for_o god_n hence_o therefore_o we_o see_v that_o ens_fw-la a_o prima_fw-la be_v propter_fw-la
rule_n of_o grammar_n join_v a_o nominative_a case_n and_o a_o verb_n together_o i_o can_v also_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n undo_v they_o again_o and_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a and_o this_o we_o call_v construe_v of_o latin_a which_o indeed_o be_v distrue_v for_o it_o be_v analysis_n for_o we_o pull_v that_o asunder_o which_o tully_n have_v lay_v together_o and_o indeed_o none_o can_v well_o undo_v a_o thing_n but_o he_o that_o have_v make_v it_o or_o one_o that_o know_v how_o to_o make_v it_o and_o therefore_o we_o do_v not_o send_v for_o a_o joiner_n to_o pull_v down_o a_o house_n but_o for_o a_o carpenter_n ergo_fw-la if_o every_o thing_n have_v his_o genesis_n and_o analysis_n art_n must_v also_o have_v they_o which_o follow_v the_o thing_n genesis_n est_fw-la progressus_fw-la artis_fw-la a_o simplicibus_fw-la ad_fw-la composita_fw-la this_o art_n have_v his_o genesis_n which_o be_v a_o progress_n for_o genesis_n begin_v at_o the_o simples_n and_o so_o go_v to_o the_o composites_n therefore_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o progress_n now_o every_o thing_n but_o god_n be_v compose_v of_o simples_n therefore_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o genesis_n of_o every_o art_n which_o still_o follow_v the_o thing_n so_o logic_n first_o look_v at_o the_o invention_n of_o thing_n then_o at_o the_o axiom_n syllogism_n and_o method_n so_o grammar_n first_o begin_v with_o letter_n then_o with_o syllable_n then_o with_o word_n then_o with_o sentence_n and_o arithmetic_n first_o consider_v simple_a number_n then_o comparative_a etc._n etc._n so_o geometry_n first_o look_v at_o line_n then_o at_o superficies_n then_o at_o corpus_fw-la so_o natural_a philosophy_n first_o begin_v with_o simple_a nature_n then_o with_o composites_n first_o with_o those_o that_o be_v without_o life_n than_o those_o that_o live_v first_o a_o simple_a life_n second_o those_o that_o live_v a_o composite_a life_n analysis_n est_fw-la regressus_fw-la a_o compositis_fw-la ad_fw-la simplicia_fw-la analysis_n be_v a_o unwind_n of_o a_o bottom_n of_o thread_n which_o we_o wound_v up_o before_o so_o we_o analyse_v that_o which_o be_v genise_v before_o so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o regressio_fw-la &c_n &c_n for_o that_o way_n that_o you_o take_v in_o genesi_fw-la the_o same_o way_n you_o take_v in_o analysi_fw-la only_o you_o begin_v at_o divers_a end_n so_o in_o logic_n we_o take_v a_o axiom_n and_o resolve_v it_o into_o argument_n and_o so_o in_o grammar_n we_o take_v a_o sentence_n and_o resolve_v it_o into_o word_n and_o so_o when_o i_o ask_v what_o a_o word_n signify_v he_o that_o tell_v i_o the_o signification_n of_o it_o do_v analyse_v it_o and_o so_o for_o the_o other_o art_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o genesis_n now_o the_o school_n think_v that_o genesis_fw-la and_o analysis_n belong_v to_o method_n in_o logic_n which_o happy_o they_o may_v have_v from_o aristotle_n who_o intitule_v his_o book_n analytic_n and_o thence_o they_o make_v method_n to_o be_v double_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o they_o belong_v to_o every_o art_n therefore_o must_v be_v teach_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o again_o there_o be_v genesis_fw-la and_o analysis_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o axiom_n as_o when_o i_o seek_v for_o a_o cause_n or_o any_o other_o argument_n to_o make_v a_o axiom_n or_o when_o i_o resolve_v it_o into_o a_o cause_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o when_o i_o ask_v what_o be_v latin_a for_o such_o a_o word_n i_o genise_v it_o and_o english_n it_o i_o analyse_v it_o so_o that_o they_o belong_v not_o to_o method_n which_o be_v a_o disposition_n for_o they_o may_v be_v of_o one_o word_n again_o they_o may_v be_v as_o well_o of_o any_o other_o rule_n as_o of_o method_n now_o because_o they_o do_v observe_v the_o analysis_n and_o genesis_fw-la in_o method_n more_o usual_o than_o of_o art_n in_o general_n therefore_o they_o think_v they_o to_o belong_v only_o to_o it_o now_o indeed_o if_o i_o take_v any_o rule_n of_o art_n from_o other_o rule_n of_o art_n i_o practise_v method_n therefore_o they_o may_v be_v special_a practice_n of_o method_n for_o as_o say_v before_o they_o may_v be_v in_o any_o other_o rule_n of_o art_n as_o well_o as_o in_o it_o and_o method_n be_v not_o double_a because_o of_o they_o no_o more_o than_o any_o rule_n of_o art_n be_v double_a because_o of_o the_o double_a use_n of_o it_o and_o these_o be_v the_o life_n of_o art_n therefore_o those_o that_o will_v be_v expert_a for_o practice_v of_o any_o art_n let_v they_o practice_v these_o now_o for_o the_o general_a art_n i_o think_v none_o will_v doubt_v but_o that_o they_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o for_o the_o special_a art_n there_o may_v be_v some_o doubt_n if_o you_o draw_v any_o deduction_n from_o any_o first_o rule_n of_o any_o special_a art_n it_o be_v genesis_fw-la or_o if_o you_o draw_v deduction_n unto_o a_o first_o rule_n from_o it_o it_o be_v analysis_n etc._n etc._n so_o when_o you_o examine_v the_o sun_n course_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o astronomy_n it_o be_v genesis_fw-la analysis_n contra_fw-la this_o analysis_n if_o it_o be_v imitate_v for_o so_o it_o please_v the_o lord_n to_o let_v we_o resolve_v his_o creature_n that_o we_o may_v work_v alike_o that_o be_v call_v imitatio_fw-la so_o that_o those_o that_o have_v write_v so_o much_o of_o imitatio_fw-la be_v to_o bring_v it_o hither_o and_o imitatio_fw-la be_v general_a as_o we_o imitate_v some_o analysis_n of_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v genise_v and_o indeed_o all_o our_o practice_n be_v nothing_o but_o genesis_fw-la imitative_a of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o a_o child_n when_o he_o write_v a_o copy_n by_o his_o master_n example_n do_v imitate_v he_o for_o first_o he_o look_v at_o the_o line_n then_o at_o the_o sentence_n then_o at_o the_o word_n and_o last_o at_o the_o letter_n so_o a_o apprentice_n when_o he_o work_v according_a as_o his_o master_n reach_v he_o do_v imitate_v his_o example_n and_o thus_o as_o we_o see_v god_n wisdom_n make_v up_o the_o thing_n so_o we_o see_v man_n work_n in_o imitate_v god_n vbi_fw-la genesis_fw-la desinit_fw-la ibi_fw-la incipit_fw-la analysis_n for_o if_o genesis_fw-la be_v progressus_fw-la a_o simplicibus_fw-la ad_fw-la composita_fw-la and_o analysis_n regressus_fw-la a_o compositis_fw-la ad_fw-la simplicia_fw-la then_o genesis_fw-la definit_a ubi_fw-la incipit_fw-la analysis_n at_o ergo_fw-la again_o it_o follow_v that_o analysis_n conjuncta_fw-la be_v veer_fw-la hermineutica_fw-la or_o interpretativa_fw-la for_o when_o i_o have_v a_o example_n and_o do_v resolve_v the_o prattomenon_n give_v to_o every_o art_n his_o own_o i_o tell_v you_o all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o thing_n as_o in_o this_o example_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la bulla_fw-la but_o this_o late_a consecution_n will_v come_v in_o better_a in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o prattomenon_n prattomenon_fw-mi est_fw-la res_fw-la motu_fw-la artis_fw-la facta_fw-la prattomenon_fw-mi be_v that_o that_o the_o art_n have_v do_v by_o his_o praxis_fw-la for_o actio_fw-la must_v go_v before_o passio_fw-la and_o praxis_fw-la be_v before_o prattomenon_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o it_o be_v make_v for_o man_n and_o therefore_o must_v have_v a_o prattomenon_n for_o else_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o will_v be_v little_a worth_n now_o to_o prattomenon_n there_o belong_v two_o thing_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o when_o art_n have_v act_v and_o act_v a_o work_n it_o rest_v not_o there_o for_o it_o be_v for_o a_o use_n therefore_o there_o must_v go_v with_o prattomenon_fw-mi a_o use_n thereof_o now_o this_o use_n may_v be_v confuse_v with_o the_o prattomena_fw-la of_o other_o art_n so_o that_o this_o rule_n be_v here_o to_o be_v teach_v that_o the_o art_n for_o their_o precept_n be_v distinct_a but_o not_o for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o prattomena_n for_o use_n hold_v the_o prattomena_fw-la of_o art_n together_o as_o in_o this_o example_n all_o flesh_n be_v grass_n if_o it_o be_v examine_v for_o in_o this_o there_o be_v the_o prattomenon_n of_o logic_n grammar_n rhetoric_n natural_a philosophy_n and_o last_o the_o prattomenon_n of_o divinity_n hence_o we_o say_v the_o use_n of_o art_n be_v general_a but_o we_o mean_v the_o use_n of_o the_o prattomenon_n of_o art_n for_o the_o precept_n of_o art_n be_v not_o only_o distinct_a but_o the_o praxis_fw-la to_o and_o the_o prattomenon_n also_o till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o it_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o shipwright_n his_o rule_n of_o art_n be_v distinct_a his_o motus_fw-la be_v distinct_a and_o his_o prattomenon_n be_v distinct_a till_o you_o come_v to_o look_v at_o the_o manifold_a use_n of_o his_o prattomenon_n so_o first_o the_o shepherd_n have_v his_o prattomenon_n than_o the_o grazier_n he_o use_v the_o prattomenon_n of_o the_o
the_o other_o whereby_o he_o may_v see_v by_o another_o man_n eye_n again_o that_o which_o we_o be_v to_o see_v be_v either_o in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la or_o not_o in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la so_o that_o all_o thing_n be_v seeable_a but_o not_o to_o be_v see_v with_o one_o man_n eye_n but_o by_o many_o this_o word_n artificiale_a teach_v we_o these_o thing_n first_o there_o be_v no_o artificial_a argument_n but_o you_o shall_v see_v it_o in_o fabrica_fw-la rei_fw-la therefore_o belong_v to_o some_o art_n because_o art_n deliver_v the_o frame_n of_o the_o thing_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o axiom_n that_o consist_v of_o artificial_a argument_n but_o it_o belong_v to_o some_o art_n now_o though_o we_o hear_v no_o argument_n in_o art_n but_o the_o cause_n and_o property_n yet_o notwithstanding_o we_o have_v all_o argument_n indeed_o for_o there_o be_v no_o quality_n but_o be_v proton_fw-mi in_o some_o general_a thing_n as_o heat_n in_o fire_n cold_a in_o water_n now_o this_o give_v we_o great_a light_n yet_o effect_n must_v be_v there_o if_o they_o be_v proper_a and_o the_o effect_n belong_v to_o that_o rule_n where_o the_o property_n be_v teach_v and_o dissentany_n belong_v to_o art_n too_o as_o nature_n be_v constans_fw-la or_o inconstans_fw-la argumentum_fw-la est_fw-la artificiale_a aut_fw-la inartificiale_a so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o axiom_n affirm_v or_o deny_v true_a or_o false_a but_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o in_o some_o art_n either_o as_o a_o first_o rule_n or_o a_o deduct_v by_o consequence_n necessary_a so_o that_o hence_o be_v the_o great_a light_n that_o can_v be_v to_o a_o scholar_n to_o analyse_v his_o example_n and_o bring_v every_o thing_n to_o his_o art_n where_o he_o shall_v see_v it_o in_o causa_fw-la so_o that_o if_o one_o will_v make_v a_o common_a place_n book_n let_v he_o make_v the_o rule_n of_o art_n his_o head_n and_o let_v he_o take_v any_o example_n and_o see_v whether_o argument_n be_v more_o special_a and_o so_o carry_v the_o axiom_n to_o that_o art_n and_o to_o that_o rule_n of_o the_o art_n whether_o it_o belong_v as_o homo_fw-la est_fw-la iustùs_fw-la homo_fw-la belong_v to_o nature_n justitia_fw-la to_o moral_a philosophy_n ergo_fw-la this_o axiom_n belong_v to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o justice_n so_o that_o moral_a philosophy_n borrow_v man_n from_o nature_n to_o deliver_v itself_o the_o use_n of_o this_o be_v unspeakable_a i_o can_v deliver_v it_o unto_o you_o the_o use_n itself_o will_v better_o testify_v it_o for_o thus_o may_v a_o man_n try_v every_o thing_n whatsoever_o yea_o though_o it_o be_v a_o contingent_a axiom_n as_o audentes_fw-la fortuna_fw-la juvat_fw-la audacia_fw-la belong_v to_o ethic_n fortuna_fw-la to_o logic_n and_o in_o audacia_fw-la we_o shall_v find_v this_o for_o it_o be_v that_o which_o thrust_v a_o man_n desperate_o and_o here_o we_o may_v see_v what_o a_o true_a predicament_n be_v not_o the_o predicament_n but_o the_o art_n be_v the_o storehouse_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v 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what_o may_v we_o not_o see_v if_o we_o will_v make_v a_o brief_a argumentum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la aliquid_fw-la arguendum_fw-la affectum_fw-la est_fw-la artificiale_a ex_fw-la se_fw-la primum_fw-la primitus_fw-la the_o fallacian_n be_v many_o as_o they_o that_o think_v they_o be_v conjugate_v that_o be_v in_o name_n as_o he_o have_v virtue_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v studiosus_fw-la so_o homo_fw-la dormit_fw-la quia_fw-la somnit_fw-la here_o be_v nothing_o but_o cause_n and_o effect_n and_o so_o synonimy_n for_o conjugata_fw-la be_v nomina_fw-la so_o again_o when_o orta_fw-la be_v take_v for_o prima_fw-la or_o teach_v before_o aut_fw-la contra_fw-la so_o do_v the_o common_a logician_n in_o the_o predicable_n when_o they_o teach_v genus_fw-la species_n differentia_fw-la proprium_fw-la accidens_fw-la first_o see_v the_o orta_fw-la contain_v the_o prima_fw-la whence_o they_o arise_v symbolice_n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o cognizance_n here_o we_o learn_v this_o we_o must_v first_o 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or_o be_v so_o a_o thing_n be_v make_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n primitus_fw-la but_o when_o we_o consider_v how_o first_o singular_a part_n be_v make_v of_o that_o matter_n then_o organical_o be_v make_v of_o the_o singular_n and_o the_o whole_a make_v of_o the_o organical_a here_o be_v the_o second_o invention_n and_o here_o the_o matter_n be_v consider_v immediate_o in_o the_o part_n mediate_o in_o the_o whole_a this_o be_v something_o subtle_a but_o yet_o evident_a and_o plain_a as_o first_o imagine_v that_o thing_n justice_n in_o a_o man_n here_o be_v subjectum_fw-la and_o adjunctum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o invention_n then_o from_o that_o quality_n in_o he_o i_o can_v denominate_v he_o a_o just_a man_n and_o this_o be_v the_o second_o invention_n so_o i_o look_v at_o a_o thing_n who_o matter_n be_v make_v of_o wood_n and_o can_v conjugate_v a_o name_n to_o it_o wooden_a as_o a_o wooden_a chest_n etc._n etc._n so_o when_o i_o say_v a_o man_n be_v make_v ab_fw-la
humo_fw-la here_o be_v the_o material_a cause_n and_o effect_v but_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n when_o i_o consider_v how_o man_n be_v make_v ab_fw-la humo_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o denominate_v he_o homo_fw-la there_o it_o be_v that_o second_o logic_n so_o that_o the_o first_o invention_n only_o look_v at_o the_o thing_n without_o consideration_n of_o the_o name_n the_o second_o invention_n look_v both_o at_o the_o thing_n and_o at_o the_o name_n so_o when_o i_o denominate_v homo_fw-la from_o that_o thing_n justice_n in_o he_o to_o be_v iustùs_fw-la i_o mean_v not_o the_o name_n nor_o the_o thing_n but_o the_o name_n and_o the_o thing_n together_o for_o orta_fw-la a_o primis_fw-la perinde_v sunt_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la arguunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la prima_fw-la unde_fw-la oriuntur_fw-la ergo_fw-la there_o must_v be_v both_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o first_o argument_n in_o they_o and_o that_o affectio_fw-la also_o so_o in_o a_o distribution_n if_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la effect_n be_v as_o in_o navi_fw-la alii_fw-la malos_fw-la scandunt_fw-la alii_fw-la per_fw-la fores_fw-la cursitant_n etc._n etc._n here_o malos_fw-la scandere_fw-la per_fw-la fores_fw-la cursitare_fw-la sentinam_fw-la exhaurire_fw-la be_v cause_n and_o effect_n first_o but_o as_o these_o nautae_fw-la be_v distribute_v by_o their_o effect_n here_o be_v the_o orta_fw-la categoria_fw-la the_o arise_v argue_v so_o in_o a_o distribution_n ex_fw-la causis_fw-la of_o integrum_fw-la into_o membra_fw-la the_o first_o invention_n be_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o second_o invention_n be_v they_o two_o together_o in_o the_o member_n make_v up_o the_o integrum_fw-la so_o in_o a_o distribution_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n as_o in_o animali_fw-la there_o be_v essentia_fw-la corporea_fw-la plena_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o sensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o homo_fw-la and_o brutum_fw-la then_o there_o be_v a_o symbolum_fw-la of_o they_o when_o we_o jumble_v they_o together_o so_o in_o a_o distribution_n ex_fw-la adjunctis_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v aeger_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v sanus_fw-la here_o be_v both_o subjectum_fw-la and_o adjunctum_fw-la but_o when_o i_o make_v a_o distribution_n and_o say_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la aeger_fw-la aut_fw-la sanus_fw-la this_o be_v the_o second_o logic_n and_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o community_n of_o a_o cause_n a_o effect_n a_o subject_n a_o adjunct_n for_o that_o cause_v these_o distribution_n so_o in_o a_o definition_n there_o be_v first_o genus_fw-la which_o arise_v from_o matter_n and_o form_n then_o the_o second_o invention_n of_o they_o be_v the_o heap_v of_o they_o together_o so_o as_o they_o make_v but_o one_o argument_n namely_o definitio_fw-la so_o in_o a_o distribution_n though_o there_o may_v be_v more_o argument_n yet_o be_v they_o also_o heap_v together_o to_o make_v one_o argument_n namely_o descriptio_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la suae_fw-la originis_fw-la this_o be_v true_a in_o respect_n of_o ortum_fw-la which_o make_v ramus_n so_o define_v it_o but_o i_o have_v rather_o respect_v the_o definition_n of_o argumentum_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la aliquid_fw-la arguendum_fw-la affectum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o to_o say_v artificiale_a ex_fw-la se_fw-la primum_fw-la primitus_fw-la and_o so_o we_o shall_v deliver_v it_o as_o it_o act_v which_o be_v best_a primum_fw-la est_fw-la simplex_fw-la seu_fw-la absolutum_fw-la aut_fw-la comparatum_fw-la i_o rather_o say_v absolutum_fw-la because_o absolutum_fw-la and_o simplex_fw-la be_v more_o oppose_v and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v oppose_v now_o these_o simple_a argument_n do_v look_v at_o those_o that_o be_v in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n for_o that_o be_v his_o meaning_n as_o when_o i_o say_v the_o wall_n be_v white_a here_o i_o look_v at_o the_o wall_n as_o it_o be_v simple_a and_o absolute_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o in_o like_a sort_n at_o whiteness_n as_o it_o be_v simple_a and_o absolute_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n so_o that_o the_o absolute_a argument_n look_v evermore_o at_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v absolute_a in_o themselves_o as_o when_o i_o say_v a_o chest_n be_v make_v of_o wood_n i_o look_v at_o both_o of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v simple_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n now_o the_o comparate_a do_v not_o consider_v the_o thing_n absolute_o but_o with_o another_o so_o in_o a_o chest_n if_o i_o consider_v the_o quantity_n of_o it_o here_o the_o chest_n and_o its_o quantity_n be_v simple_a argument_n but_o when_o i_o say_v it_o be_v great_a than_o a_o less_o chest_n or_o contra_fw-la than_o they_o be_v comparate_v so_o that_o the_o comparison_n lie_v as_o it_o be_v respect_v with_o some_o other_o thing_n so_o that_o the_o comparative_a quantity_n or_o quality_n be_v another_o thing_n the_o absolute_a greatness_n or_o littleness_n likeness_n or_o unlikeness_n for_o that_o which_o be_v absolve_v greatness_n may_v be_v comparative_a littleness_n aut_fw-la contra_fw-la absolutum_fw-la est_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la aut_fw-la dissentaneum_fw-la object_n but_o how_o be_v disagreer_n in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la answ_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o one_o part_n of_o disagreer_n be_v not_o but_o the_o other_o be_v so_o that_o the_o absolute_a consideration_n have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o thing_n wherewith_o it_o agree_v aut_fw-la contra_fw-la as_o ratio_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o itself_o so_o it_o be_v argumentum_fw-la simplex_fw-la seu_fw-la absolutum_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o homo_fw-la it_o be_v consentaneum_fw-la and_o go_v to_o his_o constitution_n consider_v it_o with_o irrationale_fw-la and_o there_o it_o tell_v i_o it_o will_v not_o be_v that_o so_o that_o which_o make_v fire_n not_o to_o be_v water_n be_v in_o the_o artificio_fw-la of_o fire_n so_o that_o which_o cause_v dissension_n be_v in_o the_o artificio_fw-la of_o that_o thing_n that_o be_v dissentaneum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v consentaneum_fw-la and_o dissentaneum_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o thing_n wherein_o it_o be_v dissentaneum_fw-la if_o we_o look_v at_o another_o thing_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o black_a and_o white_a there_o be_v that_o in_o black_a which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v black_a and_o there_o be_v moreover_o that_o in_o black_a which_o make_v it_o not_o to_o be_v white_a so_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o divers_a respect_n be_v consentanie_n and_o dissentanie_n so_o that_o white_a or_o black_a consider_v with_o the_o wall_n may_v be_v consentanie_n consider_v it_o with_o that_o which_o dissent_v from_o it_o so_o it_o be_v dissentaneum_fw-la and_o all_o these_o must_v we_o see_v if_o we_o will_v see_v any_o thing_n thorough_o first_o we_o must_v see_v the_o affectio_fw-la in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la then_o primitus_fw-la then_o absolute_a than_o consentanie_n then_o absolute_a quod_fw-la consentit_fw-la cum_fw-la re_fw-la therefore_o this_o be_v clear_o in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la and_o so_o be_v dissentaneum_fw-la too_o that_o consentit_fw-la hence_o we_o see_v consideration_n to_o be_v general_a between_o thing_n and_o they_o be_v make_v so_o for_o else_o they_o will_v never_o make_v up_o one_o whole_a as_o all_o creature_n make_v up_o the_o world_n for_o it_o be_v concordia_fw-la discors_fw-la and_o discordia_fw-la concor_fw-la that_o make_v all_o thing_n now_o as_o there_o be_v consention_n in_o all_o thing_n so_o also_o there_o be_v dissension_n for_o else_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v one_o thus_o the_o lord_n make_v all_o thing_n to_o show_v forth_o his_o wisdom_n and_o mighty_a power_n that_o all_o thing_n shall_v consent_v together_o and_o yet_o be_v many_o consentaneum_fw-la est_fw-la absolute_a aut_fw-la modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la for_o some_o thing_n agree_v absolute_o other_o but_o after_o a_o sort_n absolutum_fw-la be_v absolute_o require_v for_o the_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n the_o other_o be_v but_o complemental_a so_o that_o here_o he_o tell_v we_o if_o we_o will_v see_v any_o thing_n first_o look_v what_o be_v in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la then_o look_v what_o be_v primitus_fw-la there_o than_o what_o be_v absolute_a than_o what_o be_v consentanie_n than_o what_o be_v simple_o require_v to_o the_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n absolute_a that_o be_v so_o agree_v to_o the_o thing_n that_o if_o the_o one_o be_v not_o there_o the_o other_o will_v not_o be_v there_o &_o contra_fw-la as_o if_o any_o one_o cause_n be_v want_v there_o will_v be_v no_o effect_n if_o there_o be_v a_o concur_v of_o all_o the_o cause_n than_o a_o effect_n if_o no_o cause_n no_o effect_n &_o contra_fw-la if_o a_o effect_n then_o all_o the_o cause_n if_o no_o effect_n no_o concurrence_n of_o cause_n so_o that_o this_o absolute_a agreement_n do_v put_v a_o necessity_n of_o each_o other_o being_n now_o absolute_a and_o modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la be_v definition_n of_o themselves_o for_o he_o want_v word_n and_o therefore_o deliver_v the_o definitum_fw-la by_o the_o definitio_fw-la so_o that_o to_o ask_v a_o definition_n of_o absolute_a or_o
modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la be_v as_o if_o one_o shall_v ask_v a_o definition_n of_o animal_n ratione_fw-la absolute_a ut_fw-la causa_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la the_o cause_n give_v esse_fw-la to_o the_o effect_n therefore_o without_o these_o esses_fw-la the_o thing_n can_v existere_fw-la ergo_fw-la there_o be_v absolute_o require_v in_o like_a sort_n in_o the_o existere_fw-la of_o the_o effect_n you_o may_v see_v the_o concurrence_n of_o all_o the_o esses_fw-la of_o all_o the_o cause_n therefore_o these_o be_v absolute_a consentanea_fw-la hence_o we_o learn_v that_o all_o the_o cause_n must_v go_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o effect_n and_o again_o if_o any_o effect_n than_o there_o must_v be_v all_o the_o cause_n so_o than_o we_o see_v how_o the_o one_o being_n depend_v necessary_o upon_o the_o other_o ut_fw-la causa_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la therefore_o the_o cause_n must_v first_o be_v look_v at_o as_o if_o i_o will_v look_v at_o ens_fw-la or_o any_o thing_n whatsoever_o therefore_o our_o author_n take_v this_o course_n take_v the_o very_a way_n of_o god_n in_o his_o creature_n can_v any_o man_n see_v any_o thing_n thorough_o and_o not_o see_v the_o cause_n first_o he_o can_v and_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o thing_n before_o the_o cause_n there_o be_v not_o therefore_o that_o be_v always_o first_o in_o nature_n and_o therefore_o first_o also_o in_o reason_n now_o here_o be_v fallacian_n as_o to_o think_v a_o effect_n may_v be_v from_o some_o cause_n and_o to_o think_v the_o cause_n may_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o effect_n which_o be_v a_o common_a fallace_n aristotle_n organon_n tully_n office_n etc._n etc._n here_o be_v aristotle_n and_o tully_n casuality_n still_o though_o they_o be_v dead_a now_o we_o see_v how_o orderly_o we_o go_v to_o work_v if_o we_o have_v not_o do_v so_o we_o can_v not_o have_v come_v to_o causa_fw-la all_o the_o argue_v of_o they_o before_o as_o of_o artificiale_a primum_fw-la absolutum_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la simplex_fw-la be_v here_o in_o causa_fw-la and_o effectum_fw-la so_o that_o there_o be_v many_o clasp_n as_o it_o be_v as_o the_o cause_n be_v in_o artificio_fw-la of_o the_o effect_n it_o be_v also_o there_o primitus_fw-la and_o absolute_a and_o consentanie_n and_o simpliciter_fw-la so_o that_o this_o descent_n do_v very_o much_o clear_a truth_n we_o have_v our_o flesh_n blood_n bone_n from_o causa_fw-la then_o afterward_o we_o have_v our_o compliment_n from_o modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la consentanea_fw-la than_o we_o may_v see_v we_o be_v not_o this_o or_o that_o see_v a_o imperfect_a garment_n at_o the_o tailor_n and_o you_o may_v ask_v what_o it_o be_v but_o let_v the_o tailor_n make_v it_o up_o complete_a with_o all_o its_o cut_n and_o jag_n than_o you_o may_v see_v it_o yourself_o and_o need_v not_o ask_v what_o it_o be_v for_o further_a knowledge_n of_o it_o de_fw-fr efficiente_a procreante_n &_o conservante_fw-la chap._n i._n causa_fw-la est_fw-la cujus_fw-la vires_fw-la est_fw-la remember_v the_o purpose_n of_o logic_n be_v to_o direct_v man_n to_o see_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n which_o that_o reason_n may_v do_v well_o it_o act_n double_o first_o by_o take_v at_o simples_n then_o by_o lay_v they_o together_o that_o which_o we_o take_v with_o the_o first_o eye_n be_v argumentum_fw-la that_o be_v any_o thing_n so_o far_o as_o it_o have_v the_o affection_n to_o argue_v first_o as_o it_o be_v in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la which_o therefore_o be_v in_o a_o art_n now_o it_o be_v first_o there_o or_o second_o first_o it_o be_v there_o absolute_a by_o way_n of_o consention_n respect_v the_o thing_n wherein_o it_o be_v or_o dissent_v from_o the_o thing_n wherein_o it_o be_v not_o those_o that_o consent_n be_v absolute_o consent_v or_o modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la absolute_a as_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o cause_n here_o we_o must_v begin_v because_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o come_v to_o man_n reason_n be_v the_o cause_n so_o if_o we_o take_v the_o world_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o let_v we_o resolve_v it_o and_o in_o the_o end_n we_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o first_o cause_n a_o first_o efficient_a etc._n etc._n so_o god_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o himself_o without_o all_o cause_n ergo_fw-la the_o cause_n be_v first_o of_o all_o thing_n than_o the_o first_o matter_n be_v first_o in_o his_o kind_n the_o first_o form_n in_o his_o kind_n and_o the_o first_o end_n in_o his_o kind_n so_o aristotle_n say_v god_n be_v primum_fw-la intelligibile_fw-la so_o than_o if_o we_o will_v see_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n in_o the_o creature_n we_o shall_v see_v the_o cause_n the_o beginner_n then_o again_o aristotle_n do_v confess_v that_o causa_fw-la be_v primum_fw-la motus_fw-la again_o what_o be_v the_o initium_fw-la of_o every_o thing_n but_o his_o be_v and_o that_o be_v from_o the_o cause_n therefore_o they_o be_v first_o again_o the_o next_o cause_n be_v the_o far_a thing_n we_o can_v go_v unto_o as_o if_o we_o work_v any_o thing_n now_o if_o we_o take_v cause_n and_o look_v into_o they_o than_o we_o make_v they_o effect_n not_o cause_n as_o if_o i_o look_v at_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o garment_n i_o find_v the_o tailor_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n but_o if_o i_o look_v at_o his_o cause_n i_o make_v he_o a_o effect_n yet_o i_o can_v make_v the_o first_o efficient_a a_o effect_n etc._n etc._n the_o greek_n call_v causa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d peto_o because_o it_o be_v that_o which_o be_v first_o grant_v or_o require_v as_o the_o geometrician_n require_v a_o petitum_fw-la or_o as_o our_o author_n shall_v say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o demonstration_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n est_fw-la argumentum_fw-la absolute_a consentaneum_fw-la etc._n etc._n causa_fw-la est_fw-la if_o a_o cause_n be_v absolute_o require_v for_o the_o effect_n than_o there_o be_v a_o cause_n then_o again_o logic_n serve_v we_o to_o behold_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n and_o himself_o also_o through_o the_o creature_n now_o all_o thing_n but_o god_n be_v make_v and_o be_v compose_v ergo_fw-la they_o must_v have_v cause_n est_fw-fr absolute_a consentaneum_fw-la because_o they_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o effect_n no_o shipwright_n no_o ship_n no_o wood_n no_o ship_n no_o form_n no_o effect_n no_o end_n no_o effect_n and_o all_o these_o together_o a_o effect_n &_o contra_fw-la cujus_fw-la vires_fw-la est_fw-la first_o here_o he_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o vis_fw-la than_o he_o say_v it_o be_v vis_fw-la essendi_fw-la then_o vis_fw-la essendi_fw-la rei_fw-la so_o that_o as_o there_o be_v four_o word_n so_o four_o thing_n causa_fw-la be_v here_o a_o concrete_a signify_v the_o thing_n cause_v as_o argumentum_fw-la be_v before_o signify_v the_o thing_n argue_v for_o our_o logic_n that_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o first_o cause_n do_v but_o show_v he_o as_o he_o argue_v not_o as_o he_o be_v in_o his_o be_v causa_fw-la be_v the_o 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doublet_n with_o thread_n they_o be_v not_o do_v till_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v there_o so_o a_o house_n be_v not_o a_o house_n so_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v a_o efficient_a and_o matter_n but_o when_o it_o have_v also_o a_o form_n and_o end_n now_o our_o author_n will_v not_o use_v potentia_fw-la and_o actus_fw-la first_o because_o they_o be_v barbarous_a word_n second_o they_o be_v improper_a because_o they_o can_v be_v call_v potentia_fw-la and_o actus_fw-la but_o potentiate_v and_o act_v then_o again_o the_o form_n and_o end_n be_v potentia_fw-la as_o well_o as_o efficiens_fw-la and_o materia_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la therefore_o he_o make_v two_o couple_n of_o cause_n for_o so_o we_o see_v the_o efficient_a be_v the_o first_o mover_n move_v quite_o through_o with_o the_o matter_n single_o and_o the_o form_n and_o end_n move_v they_o inseparable_o together_o therefore_o they_o be_v thus_o distinguish_v efficiens_fw-la est_fw-la motus_fw-la a_o quo_fw-la in_o a_o line_n the_o matter_n ex_fw-la qua_fw-la and_o form_n per_fw-la quem_fw-la finis_fw-la ad_fw-la quem_fw-la but_o because_o there_o be_v a_o scope_n at_o matter_n therefore_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n for_o as_o the_o efficient_a and_o end_n terminate_v the_o thing_n so_o the_o form_n and_o matter_n mediate_v the_o thing_n run_v quite_o through_o the_o same_o so_o god_n make_v a_o matter_n and_o give_v it_o a_o form_n and_o so_o a_o end_n ergo_fw-la reason_n must_v see_v they_o thus_o the_o same_o order_n there_o be_v also_o in_o god_n providence_n so_o man_n also_o do_v imitate_v god_n when_o he_o do_v any_o thing_n orderly_o the_o first_o care_n be_v for_o a_o workman_n than_o a_o matter_n than_o a_o form_n and_o then_o a_o end_n though_o we_o may_v have_v cloth_n before_o a_o tailor_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o matter_n till_o it_o begin_v with_o the_o tailor_n to_o bring_v a_o effect_n to_o pass_v so_o then_o the_o efficient_a be_v in_o nature_n before_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o matter_n before_o 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as_o it_o be_v a_o minister_n and_o a_o instrument_n here_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v there_o
which_o work_v a_o effect_n but_o non_fw-la sva_fw-la facultate_fw-la but_o be_v move_v by_o some_o other_o thing_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o work_v after_o a_o sort_n sva_fw-la facultate_fw-la but_o not_o sva_fw-la facultate_fw-la if_o we_o respect_v the_o effect_n as_o fire_n dry_v a_o cloth_n by_o remove_v the_o moisture_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o cloth_n dry_a which_o drought_n be_v in_o the_o cloth_n ut_fw-la in_o his_o quae_fw-la fiunt_fw-la necessitate_v vel_fw-la fortuna_fw-la necessitate_v cum_fw-la efficiens_fw-la vi_fw-la cogitur_fw-la ad_fw-la effectum_fw-la here_o we_o see_v a_o necessity_n in_o invention_n which_o be_v all_o one_o with_o coaction_n by_o fortuna_fw-la we_o be_v to_o understand_v the_o special_a providence_n of_o god_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o next_o cause_n for_o ignorance_n of_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o of_o the_o next_o cause_n have_v cause_v that_o man_n say_v what_o fortune_n have_v i_o when_o they_o be_v cross_v in_o play_n or_o such_o like_a now_o necessity_n answer_v to_o nature_n cum_fw-la efficiens_fw-la cogitur_fw-la so_o that_o this_o necessity_n here_o be_v a_o coaction_n and_o yet_o be_v it_o efficiens_fw-la tho_o vi_fw-la cogitur_fw-la cogitur_fw-la when_o as_o the_o work_n of_o it_o per_fw-la se_fw-la be_v rather_o of_o some_o other_o thing_n now_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o one_o respect_n may_v be_v causa_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o in_o another_o respect_n causa_fw-la per_fw-la accidens_fw-la for_o they_o be_v but_o modi_fw-la vi_fw-la externa_fw-la ad_fw-la effectum_fw-la so_o that_o it_o do_v it_o not_o natura_fw-la or_o consilio_fw-la object_n why_o say_v he_o effectum_fw-la rather_o than_o res_fw-la answ_n all_o come_v to_o one_o for_o he_o mean_v res_fw-la neither_o do_v he_o define_v effectum_fw-la here_o here_o he_o mean_v violence_n not_o that_o vis_fw-la in_o causa_fw-la this_o vis_fw-la do_v not_o work_v the_o effect_n but_o work_v upon_o the_o cause_n and_o be_v that_o facultas_fw-la whereof_o he_o speak_v before_o qualis_fw-la est_fw-la pompeianorum_n excusatio_fw-la at_o mihi_fw-la quidem_fw-la ait_fw-la orator_n si_fw-la proprium_fw-la &_o verum_fw-la nomen_fw-la etc._n etc._n before_o he_o say_v he_o be_v causa_fw-la consilio_fw-la of_o go_v with_o pompey_n against_o caesar_n he_o say_v he_o be_v compel_v fatali_fw-la necessitate_v and_o hither_o belong_v fatum_fw-la in_o school_n fortuna_fw-la est_fw-la causa_fw-la per_fw-la accidens_fw-la quando_fw-la praeter_fw-la etc._n etc._n our_o author_n before_o do_v tell_v we_o of_o fortuna_fw-la in_o the_o ablative_a case_n here_o he_o put_v it_o in_o the_o nominative_a because_o fortune_n be_v a_o principal_a cause_n of_o that_o effect_n that_o another_o do_v per_fw-la accidens_fw-la the_o argue_v we_o ascribe_v it_o to_o fortune_n and_o say_v fortune_n do_v it_o so_o that_o our_o author_n will_v have_v we_o consider_v first_o that_o it_o be_v fortune_n do_v it_o second_o that_o it_o take_v away_o the_o title_n of_o do_v it_o from_o he_o that_o do_v it_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la that_o be_v work_v externa_fw-la facultate_fw-la now_o whereas_o he_o say_v he_o do_v it_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la he_o mean_v fortune_n as_o it_o be_v common_o take_v when_o we_o make_v she_o blind_v not_o see_v what_o she_o do_v for_o hence_o it_o do_v arise_v when_o we_o do_v not_o a_o thing_n by_o counsel_n but_o â—ab_v nab_n as_o they_o say_v that_o cause_v we_o to_o make_v fortune_n blind_a quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la accidit_fw-la that_o be_v happen_v for_o here_o it_o be_v principal_a the_o improvidence_n as_o it_o be_v he_o neither_o see_v himself_o a_o cause_n neither_o do_v he_o see_v who_o be_v the_o cause_n and_o therefore_o he_o say_v accidit_fw-la not_o efficit_fw-la for_o he_o say_v i_o do_v it_o not_o so_o again_o ask_v he_o who_o do_v it_o and_o â—e_n will_v say_v i_o know_v not_o so_o that_o accidere_fw-la be_v the_o special_a efficere_fw-la of_o this_o modus_fw-la praeter_fw-la scopium_fw-la efficientis_fw-la fortune_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v oppose_v to_o counsel_n which_o evermore_o have_v a_o scope_n whereat_o it_o level_v now_o when_o any_o thing_n happen_v praeter_fw-la scopum_fw-la it_o be_v fortuna_fw-la we_o say_v now_o thing_n in_o nature_n may_v have_v a_o scope_n which_o be_v beyond_o their_o nature_n and_o then_o it_o be_v fortuna_fw-la so_o that_o praeter_fw-la scopum_fw-la be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v praeter_fw-la scopum_fw-la fortunae_fw-la if_o it_o be_v causa_fw-la fortuna_fw-la or_o praeter_fw-la scopum_fw-la naturae_fw-la if_o it_o be_v causa_fw-la natura_fw-la sic_fw-la pheraeo_n jasoni_fw-la profuit_fw-la hostess_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o his_o enemy_n go_v about_o to_o kill_v he_o heal_v he_o in_o hoc_fw-la genere_fw-la causarnm_fw-la imprudentia_fw-la connumerari_fw-la solet_fw-la imprudentia_fw-la be_v one_o modus_fw-la of_o fortune_n as_o here_o cur_n aliquid_fw-la vidi_fw-la cur_n noxia_fw-la lumina_fw-la feci_fw-la cur_n imprudenti_fw-la cognita_fw-la culpa_fw-la mihi_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o unaware_o have_v see_v that_o which_o have_v do_v i_o harm_n then_o ovid_n be_v causa_fw-la per_fw-la accidens_fw-la of_o work_v that_o effect_n he_o shall_v not_o so_o actaeon_n be_v causa_fw-la inscius_fw-la of_o see_v diana_n wash_v herself_o and_o here_o ovid_n reason_n a_o simile_n as_o actaeon_n be_v tear_v in_o piece_n of_o his_o dog_n for_o see_v diana_n unaware_o so_o be_o i_o banish_v for_o see_v that_o i_o will_v scilicet_fw-la in_o superis_fw-la etiam_fw-la fortuna_fw-la luenda_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o mean_v augustus_n so_o if_o a_o man_n go_v forth_o and_o a_o tile_n fall_v from_o a_o house_n and_o break_v his_o head_n this_o be_v causa_fw-la fortuna_fw-la it_o be_v natura_fw-la as_o it_o break_v his_o head_n be_v hard_a than_o his_o head_n and_o fortuna_fw-la as_o it_o hit_v he_o and_o consilio_fw-la it_o break_v his_o head_n if_o it_o be_v fling_v for_o it_o have_v a_o scope_n true_a it_o be_v nothing_o but_o counsel_n have_v his_o end_n in_o its_o intendment_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n but_o have_v his_o end_n of_o the_o effect_n it_o work_v hinc_fw-la sumitur_fw-la deprecatio_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o our_o author_n say_v before_o accidit_fw-la therefore_o we_o be_v cause_n ergo_fw-la it_o ought_v to_o be_v pardon_v deprecatio_fw-la be_v from_o this_o manner_n of_o work_v fortuna_fw-la so_o they_o will_v say_v he_o be_v a_o proper_a man_n but_o have_v no_o luck_n fortunae_fw-la autem_fw-la nomen_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la causarum_fw-la confinxit_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o ramus_n do_v commorari_fw-la in_o the_o name_n lest_o he_o shall_v be_v mistake_v it_o be_v a_o unchristian_a word_n it_o be_v ignorance_n not_o only_o as_o it_o be_v oppose_v to_o counsel_n but_o as_o it_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o thing_n that_o work_v by_o fortune_n many_o other_o modi_fw-la there_o be_v among_o other_o logician_n all_o which_o may_v be_v bring_v hither_o as_o causa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v either_o causa_fw-la necessitate_v or_o efficiens_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v causa_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la if_o he_o shall_v say_v anger_n do_v it_o than_o there_o be_v a_o trope_n in_o it_o as_o when_o i_o say_v he_o write_v i_o mean_v his_o pen_n write_v if_o i_o say_v he_o write_v with_o his_o pen_n than_o i_o make_v he_o causa_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la if_o i_o say_v he_o write_v he_o be_v efficiens_fw-la now_o for_o the_o order_n of_o cause_n one_o efficient_a may_v be_v cause_n of_o another_o efficient_a etc._n etc._n and_o so_o causa_fw-la causae_fw-la be_v causa_fw-la causati_fw-la but_o this_o will_v fail_v as_o when_o i_o look_v at_o a_o child_n and_o commend_v he_o from_o his_o grandfather_n not_o respect_v the_o mean_a cause_n there_o be_v not_o causa_fw-la causae_fw-la but_o causa_fw-la causati_fw-la so_o when_o i_o say_v he_o come_v of_o scipio_n etc._n etc._n hactenus_fw-la de_fw-fr efficiente_a and_o this_o we_o must_v always_o look_v at_o first_o in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la moreover_o observe_v here_o in_o every_o thing_n the_o manner_n of_o work_v for_o so_o god_n be_v say_v to_o do_v some_o thing_n necessitate_v as_o when_o we_o say_v he_o do_v that_o he_o will_v not_o though_o he_o will_v it_o in_o another_o sense_n and_o fortuna_fw-la as_o man_n fall_n be_v praeter_fw-la scâ—pum_fw-la legis_fw-la chap._n vi_o de_fw-fr materia_fw-la materia_fw-la est_fw-la causa_fw-la ex_fw-la qua_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o his_o manner_n of_o move_v in_o that_o work_n of_o he_o now_o these_o be_v essential_a to_o logic_n because_o in_o the_o very_a manner_n there_o lie_v the_o force_n of_o the_o argument_n and_o whatsoever_o have_v reason_n belong_v to_o logic_n many_o distinction_n there_o be_v among_o the_o logician_n all_o which_o may_v be_v bring_v to_o these_o that_o of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o say_v be_v that_o efficient_a cause_n that_o work_v internal_o the_o
physician_n call_v it_o causa_fw-la evidens_fw-la and_o meat_n and_o drink_v be_v causa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o a_o disease_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v that_o cause_n that_o work_v external_o the_o physician_n call_v it_o causa_fw-la continens_fw-la but_o here_o be_v no_o distinction_n of_o cause_n neither_o have_v these_o quatenus_fw-la causae_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d any_o force_n to_o argue_v the_o effect_n but_o only_o quatenus_fw-la efficiens_fw-la whereas_o we_o hear_v in_o every_o special_a modus_fw-la of_o ramus_n that_o they_o do_v press_v the_o effect_n strong_o as_o do_v thou_o kill_v thy_o father_n or_o do_v thou_o it_o alone_o etc._n etc._n so_o also_o in_o causa_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o argue_v a_o conclusion_n if_o he_o do_v it_o natura_fw-la there_o be_v no_o rebuke_v of_o that_o for_o it_o be_v from_o his_o nature_n if_o he_o sin_v by_o counsel_n the_o punishment_n be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a if_o he_o do_v it_o well_o consilio_fw-la he_o deserve_v the_o more_o praise_n fortuna_n indeed_o be_v such_o a_o cause_n as_o it_o be_v not_o a_o cause_n by_o ramus_n definition_n for_o fortune_n be_v but_o god_n providence_n unknown_a now_o if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o respect_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o will_v fall_v to_o the_o same_o with_o causa_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la now_o we_o come_v to_o materia_fw-la that_o as_o we_o have_v hear_v have_v a_o community_n with_o the_o efficient_a which_o community_n be_v to_o move_v with_o it_o a_o great_a while_n before_o the_o form_n and_o end_v come_v so_o soon_o as_o the_o efficient_a move_v present_o the_o matter_n move_v but_o the_o form_n and_o end_n move_v not_o a_o good_a while_n after_o now_o because_o this_o difference_n which_o cause_v the_o distribution_n of_o causa_fw-la appear_v in_o great_a thing_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v also_o in_o less_o thing_n but_o our_o logic_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o efficient_a must_v go_v before_o the_o matter_n and_o how_o agreeable_a do_v our_o logic_n go_v to_o god_n work_n in_o the_o creature_n if_o we_o shall_v take_v a_o thing_n and_o resolve_v it_o into_o his_o cause_n and_o make_v they_o effect_n and_o look_v at_o their_o cause_n for_o so_o when_o we_o look_v at_o their_o cause_n we_o make_v they_o effect_n so_o that_o absurd_a be_v that_o definition_n of_o causa_fw-la to_o be_v either_o go_v before_o or_o concomitans_fw-la to_o the_o effect_n at_o last_o we_o shall_v come_v to_o a_o first_o efficient_a that_o have_v nihil_fw-la prius_fw-la to_o he_o ergo_fw-la he_o be_v not_o make_v ergo_fw-la he_o ever_o be_v ergo_fw-la all_o other_o thing_n once_o be_v not_o for_o they_o be_v make_v ergo_fw-la they_o now_o be_v be_v from_o the_o first_o ergo_fw-la the_o first_o matter_n be_v not_o eternal_a as_o aristotle_n dream_v but_o indeed_o he_o will_v cross_v plato_n in_o what_o he_o can_v yet_o one_o may_v confute_v he_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n for_o he_o grant_v there_o be_v a_o primus_fw-la motor_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v movens_fw-la but_o not_o move_v for_o than_o he_o shall_v have_v some_o thing_n to_o move_v he_o and_o so_o not_o be_v first_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v aristotle_n believe_v he_o be_v immovable_a because_o he_o be_v first_o ergo_fw-la he_o must_v move_v other_o only_o for_o he_o be_v infinite_a ergo_fw-la without_o limit_n of_o place_n ergo_fw-la in_o every_o place_n ergo_fw-la nusquam_fw-la inclusus_fw-la or_o exclusus_fw-la ergo_fw-la unmoveable_a now_o the_o first_o matter_n be_v first_o in_o his_o kind_n namely_o the_o first_o matter_n but_o not_o the_o first_o thing_n and_o we_o may_v conclude_v from_o this_o that_o the_o first_o efficient_a be_v before_o the_o first_o matter_n for_o if_o both_o be_v first_o neither_o be_v first_o for_o if_o the_o one_o shall_v say_v he_o be_v first_o the_o other_o will_v say_v nay_o i_o be_o as_o forward_o as_o thou_o and_o so_o there_o will_v be_v none_o absolute_o first_o and_o again_o one_o be_v before_o two_o ergo_fw-la he_o that_o be_v absolute_o first_o can_v be_v but_o one_o materia_fw-la for_o his_o name_n as_o efficiens_fw-la be_v extrafaciens_fw-la move_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o not_o move_v of_o they_o but_o as_o it_o be_v pater_fw-la so_fw-mi materia_fw-la be_v quasi_fw-la mater_fw-la out_o of_o which_o the_o thing_n spring_v as_o out_o of_o a_o mother_n so_o that_o we_o may_v see_v the_o name_n to_o be_v give_v a_o simili_fw-la but_o yet_o with_o very_o good_a reason_n as_o the_o child_n be_v not_o a_o patre_fw-la but_o of_o the_o mother_n so_o the_o effect_n be_v from_o the_o efficient_a but_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o matter_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o matter_n thus_o it_o may_v appear_v there_o be_v nothing_o compose_v but_o its_o essence_n and_o itself_o a_o distinct_a for_o to_o make_v essentia_fw-la and_o ens_fw-la to_o be_v the_o same_o be_v peculiar_a to_o god_n again_o whatsoever_o be_v finite_a that_o may_v be_v limit_v in_o his_o essence_n now_o god_n only_o be_v infinite_a and_o every_o other_o thing_n finite_a ergo_fw-la may_v be_v define_v ergo_fw-la itself_o and_o its_o essence_n be_v distinct_a ergo_fw-la it_o must_v have_v a_o matter_n again_o if_o every_o thing_n have_v not_o essence_n as_o they_o speak_v of_o angel_n why_o be_v not_o they_o finite_a ergo_fw-la they_o may_v be_v define_v ergo_fw-la their_o essence_n and_o themselves_o be_v distinct_a again_o if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o matter_n what_o have_v they_o nothing_o but_o a_o efficient_a and_o a_o end_n then_o they_o shall_v be_v imperfect_a and_o be_v either_o the_o first_o matter_n or_o the_o first_o form_n again_o if_o they_o have_v a_o form_n and_o no_o matter_n than_o this_o form_n must_v be_v another_o thing_n from_o they_o and_o how_o be_v that_o possible_a for_o if_o the_o form_n and_o they_o be_v all_o one_o than_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n will_v be_v the_o same_o but_o logic_n be_v a_o general_a art_n and_o because_o every_o thing_n have_v a_o matter_n ergo_fw-la materia_fw-la belong_v hither_o and_o the_o first_o matter_n have_v not_o a_o matter_n for_o than_o it_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v first_o but_o be_v incomplete_a materia_fw-la est_fw-la for_o it_o give_v esse_fw-la and_o as_o the_o force_n of_o the_o efficient_a be_v requisite_a for_o the_o esseficate_a of_o the_o thing_n so_o the_o matter_n much_o more_o for_o not_o only_o its_o esse_fw-la but_o its_o nature_n and_o self_n couch_v in_o the_o effect_n and_o make_v a_o bulk_n and_o if_o the_o vis_fw-la of_o the_o efficient_a be_v essential_a because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o essefication_n of_o the_o effect_n without_o it_o much_o more_o must_v the_o matter_n be_v essential_a for_o if_o we_o take_v away_o the_o matter_n we_o take_v away_o both_o the_o force_n and_o the_o thing_n itself_o now_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o ens_fw-la and_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v the_o subject_n of_o logic_n and_o as_o argumentum_fw-la be_v concretum_fw-la and_o also_o causa_fw-la so_o when_o i_o say_v materia_fw-la i_o mean_v a_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v of_o a_o matter_n exit_fw-la qua_fw-la that_o be_v out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v raise_v it_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o every_o thing_n as_o we_o often_o speak_v of_o the_o earth_n because_o every_o thing_n indeed_o be_v make_v of_o the_o four_o element_n but_o more_o especial_o nourish_v of_o the_o earth_n now_o the_o matter_n do_v not_o only_o by_o his_o virtue_n cause_v the_o effect_n but_o be_v interest_v in_o it_o and_o the_o effect_n rise_v out_o of_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o child_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o mother_n only_o it_o go_v further_a in_o that_o its_o essence_n go_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o effect_n now_o though_o the_o essence_n be_v from_o â—atter_n and_o form_n yet_o the_o ens_fw-la itself_o be_v from_o all_o the_o cause_n res_fw-la est_fw-la that_o effect_n as_o we_o shall_v hear_v hereafter_o for_o in_o this_o doctrine_n of_o causa_fw-la effectum_fw-la be_v the_o aliquid_fw-la which_o we_o must_v call_v res_fw-la till_o we_o come_v to_o it_o est_fw-la every_o cause_n give_v a_o esse_fw-la to_o the_o effect_n and_o this_o esse_fw-la be_v the_o bulk_n of_o it_o and_o from_o whence_o arise_v the_o greatness_n or_o littleness_n of_o the_o effect_n by_o the_o form_n now_o it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n in_o school_n whether_o the_o matter_n do_v any_o thing_n indeed_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o efficient_a it_o be_v patience_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n it_o do_v causare_fw-la and_o so_o do_v agere_fw-la for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n in_o respect_n of_o every_o cause_n than_o every_o cause_n be_v after_o a_o sort_n the_o efficient_a of_o that_o
effect_n and_o if_o you_o ask_v i_o what_o his_o action_n be_v i_o answer_v it_o do_v materia_fw-la or_o substantiare_fw-la the_o effect_n as_o the_o efficient_a do_v efficere_fw-la the_o effect_n it_o be_v also_o passive_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o form_n but_o both_o together_o cowork_n to_o make_v the_o effect_n though_o forma_fw-la be_v principium_fw-la motus_fw-la in_o the_o thing_n by_o the_o matter_n now_o this_o be_v the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v inquire_v after_o we_o see_v who_o make_v it_o then_o whereof_o it_o be_v make_v both_o which_o we_o see_v in_o every_o thing_n and_o see_v they_o as_o they_o be_v do_v now_o the_o common_a logician_n bring_v in_o distinction_n of_o materia_fw-la as_o kickerman_n say_v it_o be_v proxima_fw-la or_o remota_fw-la but_o he_o may_v say_v so_o of_o every_o argument_n as_o well_o as_o of_o materia_fw-la he_o say_v man_n be_v make_v of_o the_o first_o matter_n then_o of_o the_o element_n which_o be_v more_o remote_a but_o ex_fw-la semine_fw-la that_o be_v near_o alas_o we_o do_v not_o here_o consider_v priority_n or_o posteriority_n neither_o do_v these_o any_o more_o press_v the_o effect_n here_o be_v no_o logic_n still_o but_o materia_fw-la est_fw-la causa_fw-la ex_fw-la qua_fw-la ergo_fw-la this_o will_n not_o fall_v in_o logic_n and_o if_o you_o mark_v it_o present_o when_o he_o come_v to_o materia_fw-la prima_fw-la and_o to_o the_o element_n he_o be_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n ergo_fw-la here_o be_v no_o distinction_n of_o materia_fw-la in_o logic_n but_o of_o the_o particular_a thing_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o particular_a art_n hoc_fw-la argumento_fw-la ficto_fw-la apud_fw-la ovid._n 2._o metam_fw-la solis_fw-la domus_fw-la auro_fw-la pyropo_fw-la ebore_fw-la argento_fw-la componitur_fw-la regius_fw-la solis_fw-la erat_fw-la sublimibus_fw-la alta_fw-la columnis_fw-la clara_n micante_fw-la auro_fw-la flammasque_fw-la imitante_fw-la pyropo_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o ramus_n bring_v a_o example_n out_o of_o ovid_n which_o be_v a_o common_a school_n book_n and_o here_o a_o feign_a cause_n argue_v a_o feign_a effect_n ens_fw-la and_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v the_o subject_n of_o logic_n but_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la gratia_fw-la entis_fw-la for_o so_o logic_n look_v at_o they_o first_o and_z gives_z entity_n to_o ens_fw-la fictum_fw-la and_o therefore_o grammar_n and_o rhetoric_n must_v follow_v it_o for_o they_o be_v attendant_n on_o it_o the_o regius_fw-la solis_fw-la be_v here_o distribute_v into_o his_o part_n and_o they_o be_v argue_v by_o their_o matter_n it_o have_v his_o pillar_n of_o gold_n for_o their_o matter_n and_o pyropus_fw-la another_o matter_n of_o the_o column_n the_o cover_n or_o seel_v of_o ivory_n the_o leaf_n of_o the_o door_n make_v of_o silver_n observe_v how_o these_o causae_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la in_o the_o matter_n do_v not_o force_v the_o effect_n any_o thing_n at_o all_o ergo_fw-la he_o do_v not_o teach_v they_o here_o for_o whether_o they_o be_v make_v of_o one_o matter_n or_o of_o more_o matter_n all_o be_v one_o ergo_fw-la there_o be_v no_o logic_n in_o that_o ergo_fw-la it_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o logic_n caesar_n 1_o belli_fw-la civilis_fw-la imperat_fw-la militibus_fw-la caesar_n ut_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o milites_fw-la be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o ship_n then_o he_o distribute_v the_o ship_n into_o his_o part_n keel_n rib_n carinae_fw-la primum_fw-la and_o statumina_fw-la ex_fw-la levi_fw-la materia_fw-la the_o rest_n be_v viminibus_fw-la contextum_fw-la line_v within_o with_o leather_n so_o that_o here_o be_v distributio_fw-la integri_fw-la in_o membra_fw-la and_o every_o part_n be_v argue_v by_o the_o material_a cause_n chap._n vii_o causae_fw-la primum_fw-la genus_fw-la est_fw-la inefficiente_a &_o materia_fw-la secundum_fw-la sequitur_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o efficient_a and_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o this_o be_v the_o conclusion_n of_o it_o now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o second_o which_o be_v in_o forma_fw-la &_o fine_a so_o that_o while_o he_o say_v causae_fw-la primum_fw-la genus_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o tell_v i_o it_o be_v a_o distribution_n before_o where_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v subsistent_a in_o speciebus_fw-la efficientis_fw-la &_o materiae_fw-la for_o so_o genus_fw-la be_v totum_fw-la partibus_fw-la essentiale_fw-la and_o be_v never_o but_o in_o speciebus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o they_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o they_o two_o part_n secundum_fw-la sequitur_fw-la in_o forma_fw-la &_o fine_a he_o do_v not_o say_v secundus_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la &_o fine_a now_o as_o the_o efficient_a and_o matter_n be_v combine_v together_o as_o move_v together_o a_o while_n without_o the_o form_n and_o end_n so_o the_o form_n and_o end_n though_o the_o form_n be_v before_o yet_o the_o end_n come_v present_o after_o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o pedissequa_fw-la to_o the_o form_n and_o indeed_o where_o we_o can_v find_v the_o form_n of_o a_o thing_n we_o put_v the_o end_n as_o be_v next_o to_o it_o and_o best_a express_v it_o so_o bene_fw-la disserere_fw-la the_o end_n of_o logic_n be_v put_v for_o the_o form_n of_o logic_n now_o as_o this_o distinction_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v see_v in_o great_a matter_n so_o be_v it_o also_o in_o less_o for_o there_o be_v a_o co-operation_n of_o the_o efficient_a and_o end_n together_o first_o then_o of_o the_o form_n and_o end_v together_o also_o though_o not_o without_o the_o efficient_a and_o matter_n in_o forma_fw-la &_o fine_a for_o the_o form_n be_v before_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o before_o the_o form_n be_v induce_v or_o ingenerate_v in_o the_o matter_n it_o can_v be_v good_a for_o his_o end_n and_o the_o end_n be_v causa_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n not_o of_o the_o efficient_a so_o we_o say_v a_o coat_n have_v a_o form_n before_o it_o have_v a_o end_n for_o it_o may_v be_v a_o coat_n and_o yet_o not_o fit_a to_o serve_v i_o now_o then_o as_o the_o efficient_a begin_v the_o motion_n and_o the_o motion_n redound_v out_o of_o the_o matter_n so_o it_o run_v per_fw-la formam_fw-la &_o finem_fw-la forma_fw-la est_fw-la causa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o same_o that_o forma_fw-la be_v in_o latin_a there_o be_v but_o a_o transposition_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d proper_o signify_v the_o face_n and_o fas_fw-la and_o facies_fw-la in_o latin_a come_v of_o facere_fw-la because_o when_o it_o be_v make_v it_o have_v the_o face_n of_o a_o thing_n so_o a_o thing_n when_o it_o have_v its_o form_n it_o have_v a_o face_n it_o will_v seem_v something_o so_o that_o the_o efficient_n esse_fw-la be_v not_o facies_fw-la rei_fw-la nor_o the_o matter_n esse_fw-la for_o they_o may_v be_v otherwhere_o ergo_fw-la the_o efficient_a and_o matter_n be_v common_a cause_n this_o be_v a_o particular_a one_o which_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o the_o efficient_a and_o matter_n go_v before_o be_v more_o general_a so_o that_o when_o once_o he_o have_v the_o face_n of_o a_o man_n then_o be_v he_o a_o man_n this_o word_n forma_fw-la both_o in_o latin_a and_o greek_a be_v take_v abusive_a for_o the_o outward_a figure_n of_o a_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o metonimy_n of_o the_o subject_n for_o the_o adjunct_n for_o figuration_n be_v not_o forma_fw-la as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o water_n put_v in_o a_o round_a glass_n or_o in_o a_o square_a glass_n the_o same_o water_n have_v the_o same_o form_n will_v have_v a_o round_a figure_n or_o square_a figure_n according_a to_o the_o glass_n wherein_o it_o be_v now_o because_o the_o figure_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o form_n ergo_fw-la they_o say_v it_o be_v forma_fw-la and_o in_o school_n they_o call_v it_o forma_fw-la accidentalis_fw-la now_o the_o figure_n follow_v the_o form_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o essential_a but_o it_o may_v be_v change_v and_o yet_o the_o water_n be_v the_o same_o because_o the_o water_n be_v variable_a into_o divers_a figure_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o in_o water_n the_o school_n say_v that_o no_o artificial_a thing_n have_v any_o other_o form_n ergo_fw-la ask_v they_o in_o what_o predicament_n any_o artificial_a thing_n be_v and_o they_o will_v answer_v in_o quality_n but_o thus_o they_o will_v make_v geometry_n to_o give_v the_o form_n of_o thing_n figura_fw-la be_v a_o quality_n ergo_fw-la to_o make_v quality_n a_o form_n be_v very_o absurd_a again_o as_o before_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n have_v divers_a figure_n and_o only_o one_o form_n that_o make_v the_o thing_n one_o again_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o table_n the_o form_n of_o it_o then_o the_o table_n belong_v to_o geometry_n not_o to_o the_o joiner_n art_n again_o whether_o do_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o table_n belong_v to_o substantia_fw-la ergo_fw-la the_o form_n too_o or_o else_o it_o be_v in_o divers_a predicament_n again_o figura_fw-la be_v a_o accident_n but_o forma_fw-la be_v a_o cause_n and_o give_v essence_n to_o the_o thing_n
consectary_n that_o make_v a_o rule_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d must_v be_v a_o rule_n of_o art_n for_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o be_v a_o first_o property_n in_o his_o kind_n though_o there_o be_v more_o of_o they_o together_o now_o it_o be_v here_o proton_fw-mi and_o agree_v to_o the_o part_n afterward_o as_o risus_fw-la first_fw-mi agree_v to_o homo_fw-la and_o to_o richard_n william_n and_o john_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o agree_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o that_o all_o real_a distinction_n be_v from_o the_o form_n and_o here_o be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o differentia_fw-la with_o other_o logician_n it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o property_n and_o be_v here_o ideoque_fw-la hinc_fw-la a_o caeteris_fw-la rebus_fw-la distinguitur_fw-la so_o that_o that_o which_o be_v differentia_fw-la constitutiva_fw-la in_o regard_n of_o the_o effect_n be_v differentia_fw-la divisiva_fw-la as_o it_o make_v it_o differ_v from_o other_o thing_n et_fw-la forma_fw-la simul_fw-la cum_fw-la reipsa_fw-la ingeneratur_fw-la again_o here_o be_v another_o property_n he_o say_v forma_fw-la simul_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o be_v two_o thing_n adjoin_v to_o forma_fw-la as_o property_n the_o first_o be_v that_o forma_fw-la ingeneratur_fw-la the_o second_o be_v that_o simul_fw-la cum_fw-la reipsa_fw-la ingeneratur_fw-la for_o the_o first_o there_o be_v much_o question_n how_o the_o form_n come_v to_o thing_n the_o philosopher_n say_v it_o be_v a_o heavenly_a nature_n and_o come_v by_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o quinta_fw-la essentia_fw-la from_o the_o element_n and_o must_v be_v extrinsice_n now_o these_o influence_n they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o be_v if_o they_o be_v quality_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n than_o they_o can_v be_v form_n for_o the_o form_n give_v essence_n ergo_fw-la be_v no_o quality_n if_o they_o be_v not_o quality_n than_o they_o be_v substance_n what_o substance_n be_v they_o if_o they_o be_v of_o their_o substance_n than_o they_o be_v corruptible_a shall_v it_o be_v from_o their_o matter_n then_o it_o shall_v be_v celestial_a for_o they_o be_v not_o make_v of_o the_o element_n neither_o can_v matter_n make_v a_o form_n and_o again_o it_o can_v be_v of_o their_o matter_n for_o than_o they_o shall_v be_v diminish_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v of_o their_o form_n alone_o for_o one_o thing_n can_v make_v a_o three_o distinct_a from_o it_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v not_o from_o they_o but_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n send_v down_o fire_n which_o make_v a_o mistion_n with_o the_o other_o element_n and_o so_o from_o their_o form_n arise_v the_o form_n of_o mist_n for_o so_o mistio_fw-la be_v alteratorum_fw-la unio_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o be_v make_v one_o and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o form_n of_o the_o four_o element_n be_v all_o operative_a that_o be_v their_o quality_n be_v in_o every_o thing_n but_o they_o hold_v as_o it_o be_v a_o meeting_n of_o many_o star_n together_o at_o the_o conception_n of_o thing_n but_o as_o for_o their_o work_n it_o be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v respect_v for_o we_o see_v esau_n and_o jacob_n bear_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o yet_o of_o divers_a manner_n ingeneratur_fw-la some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o form_n be_v in_o the_o thing_n before_o the_o thing_n be_v but_o now_o it_o be_v educt_v and_o bring_v out_o true_a it_o be_v it_o be_v before_o in_o the_o part_n but_o they_o be_v not_o membra_fw-la so_o that_o after_o that_o sort_n it_o be_v before_o cum_fw-la reipsa_fw-la how_o can_v this_o be_v whereas_o the_o end_n come_v between_o the_o form_n and_o the_o effect_n answ_n this_o be_v a_o propriety_n and_o every_o propriety_n be_v a_o adjunct_n to_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o adjunct_n be_v after_o the_o subject_n so_o that_o this_o come_v after_o the_o form_n cum_fw-la re_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v tell_v we_o the_o form_n lie_v in_o the_o matter_n after_o a_o hide_a manner_n but_o this_o property_n be_v before_o the_o end_n ingenerari_fw-la be_v another_o thing_n than_o the_o form_n ergo_fw-la forma_fw-la be_v before_o it_o but_o it_o be_v together_o with_o the_o thing_n we_o have_v make_v a_o entrance_n into_o the_o formal_a cause_n and_o have_v hear_v how_o that_o it_o be_v after_o the_o efficient_a and_o the_o matter_n again_o whereas_o every_o cause_n give_v a_o esse_fw-la the_o form_n do_v that_o and_o more_o too_o the_o efficient_a give_v a_o bare_a be_v the_o matter_n give_v a_o be_v and_o part_n of_o his_o essence_n and_o the_o form_n give_v his_o whole_a essence_n and_o make_v it_o that_o which_o it_o be_v and_o that_o reason_n of_o that_o make_v it_o differ_v from_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o this_o the_o common_a logician_n do_v consider_v when_o they_o make_v differentia_fw-la to_o be_v divisiva_fw-mi or_o constitutiva_fw-la now_o here_o be_v their_o mistake_n that_o they_o call_v it_o 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because_o it_o be_v portionated_a from_o the_o member_n the_o organical_a part_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v make_v of_o simular_a part_n and_o the_o simular_a part_n be_v make_v of_o the_o element_n both_o for_o matter_n and_o form_n the_o element_n of_o the_o first_o form_n now_o if_o you_o ask_v i_o further_o what_o they_o be_v i_o can_v only_o say_v they_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o first_o efficient_a incomplete_a in_o themselves_o so_o that_o if_o you_o will_v penitus_fw-la introspicere_fw-la this_o be_v the_o way_n and_o look_v what_o element_n be_v most_o predominant_a in_o the_o mist_n so_o much_o more_o the_o near_o you_o shall_v come_v to_o see_v the_o form_n ingenerate_v if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o element_n they_o be_v extrinsice_v and_o be_v ingenerate_v in_o the_o matter_n again_o if_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n this_o be_v extrinsice_v infuse_v but_o the_o form_n of_o other_o thing_n be_v within_o and_o be_v educe_v out_o of_o the_o matter_n but_o there_o be_v nothing_o new_a in_o this_o for_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o too_o ingeneratur_fw-la true_o thus_o far_o as_o the_o form_n be_v not_o make_v but_o by_o composition_n of_o the_o element_n when_o the_o form_n be_v not_o make_v but_o in_o nature_n there_o be_v that_o misture_n or_o in_o art_n that_o composition_n that_o there_o be_v a_o new_a form_n as_o in_o a_o stone_n by_o the_o misture_n be_v make_v one_o form_n arise_v from_o the_o form_n of_o the_o four_o element_n by_o their_o action_n and_o passion_n so_o in_o artificial_a thing_n the_o form_n be_v a_o compound_n form_n make_v of_o the_o form_n of_o the_o part_n and_o because_o that_o thing_n be_v now_o that_o which_o it_o be_v not_o ergo_fw-la this_o form_n must_v needs_o be_v that_o now_o which_o it_o be_v not_o ergo_fw-la ingeneratum_fw-la and_o the_o whole_a work_n of_o the_o efficient_a whilst_o he_o do_v dollar_n or_o hew_v a_o thing_n be_v nothing_o but_o his_o prepare_v of_o it_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o make_v a_o new_a thing_n forma_fw-la be_v diverse_o ingenerate_v if_o it_o be_v by_o composition_n than_o it_o be_v compose_v if_o it_o be_v of_o simples_n than_o it_o be_v make_v by_o shave_v or_o cut_v it_o now_o whilst_o he_o say_v simul_fw-la at_o once_o it_o may_v seem_v by_o this_o that_o the_o form_n and_o effect_n be_v together_o he_o mean_v not_o together_o in_o nature_n for_o the_o form_n must_v be_v before_o the_o effect_n because_o it_o constitute_v the_o effect_n and_o the_o constituter_n be_v before_o the_o thing_n constitute_v therefore_o how_o be_v they_o simul_fw-la he_o mean_v forma_fw-la simul_fw-la ingenerat_fw-la thus_o i_o suppose_v two_o go_v together_o and_o yet_o one_o of_o they_o go_v before_o the_o other_o here_o be_v a_o priority_n and_o simul_fw-la too_o he_o that_o be_v before_o go_v
you_o shall_v see_v a_o compose_a form_n so_o that_o the_o logician_n do_v not_o look_v at_o the_o outward_a face_n of_o a_o thing_n but_o at_o the_o inward_a essence_n here_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o deliver_v the_o form_n by_o many_o other_o argument_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o description_n of_o forma_fw-la est_fw-la in_o secessu_fw-la longo_fw-la locus_fw-la ensula_fw-la portum_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o he_o have_v by_o the_o position_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o haven_n tell_v we_o the_o form_n of_o it_o chap._n viii_o de_fw-fr fine_a finis_fw-la est_fw-la causa_fw-la cujus_fw-la gratia_fw-la res_fw-la est_fw-la we_o have_v go_v through_o the_o esse_fw-la of_o a_o thing_n we_o have_v but_o hear_v of_o three_o when_o the_o four_o come_v that_o make_v up_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o thing_n namely_o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la for_o the_o name_n it_o be_v borrow_v from_o geometry_n for_o that_o that_o be_v terminus_fw-la there_o be_v here_o call_v finis_fw-la and_o it_o be_v bring_v hither_o to_o signify_v that_o final_a cause_n that_o serve_v to_o make_v up_o the_o effect_n so_o that_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o we_o keep_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o esses_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o last_o part_n and_o member_n thereof_o as_o they_o make_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o last_o member_n of_o some_o whole_a as_o method_n be_v the_o last_o member_n of_o logic_n finis_fw-la be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o esse_fw-la of_o a_o thing_n not_o of_o the_o member_n of_o it_o now_o it_o be_v call_v finis_fw-la because_o it_o limit_n the_o thing_n for_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o for_o his_o essence_n and_o it_o be_v the_o last_o thing_n that_o limit_n it_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v call_v finis_fw-la est_fw-la causa_fw-la because_o with_o force_n thereof_o the_o thing_n be_v and_o the_o end_n though_o it_o do_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o effect_n by_o it_o own_o essence_n yet_o by_o it_o virtue_n it_o do_v efficere_fw-la as_o do_v the_o efficient_a cujus_fw-la gratia_fw-la therefore_o the_o final_a cause_n be_v that_o that_o grace_v the_o effect_n and_o thence_o have_v the_o thing_n his_o commendation_n cujus_fw-la gratia_fw-la for_o who_o grace_n for_o gratia_fw-la here_o signify_v not_o only_o for_o who_o sake_n but_o for_o who_o grace_n as_o if_o the_o final_a cause_n be_v that_o which_o do_v grace_v the_o effect_n and_o so_o indeed_o it_o do_v for_o as_o bonum_fw-la quo_fw-la communius_fw-la eo_fw-la melius_fw-la so_o communior_fw-la finis_fw-la have_v more_o grace_n than_o finis_fw-la specialioâ—_n for_o that_o cause_n that_o which_o be_v next_o the_o chief_a end_n be_v more_o noble_a and_o excellent_a then_o that_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a hence_o man_n be_v more_o excellent_a than_o any_o other_o creature_n because_o he_o be_v make_v immediate_o for_o god_n so_o then_o the_o end_n grace_v it_o evermore_o and_o the_o more_o excellent_a the_o end_n be_v the_o more_o excellent_a be_v that_o effect_n this_o then_o be_v the_o esse_fw-la that_o the_o final_a cause_n do_v give_v to_o the_o effect_n namely_o that_o which_o be_v good_a for_o that_o effect_n so_o that_o the_o goodness_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o vis_fw-la in_o the_o effect_n that_o it_o have_v from_o the_o end_n as_o in_o a_o knife_n the_o efficient_a may_v be_v a_o slave_n the_o matter_n likewise_o naught_o the_o form_n though_o that_o be_v something_o yet_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o end_n neither_o the_o efficient_a matter_n or_o form_n will_v move_v ergo_fw-la the_o final_a cause_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o happiness_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v happy_a till_o it_o be_v serviceable_a to_o that_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v make_v a_o garment_n well_o make_v as_o touch_v the_o skill_n of_o the_o efficient_a and_o of_o good_a stuff_n for_o the_o matter_n and_o fit_a for_o a_o garment_n and_o so_o of_o a_o good_a form_n yet_o not_o fit_v he_o for_o who_o it_o be_v make_v it_o want_v his_o end_n or_o happiness_n and_o so_o be_v not_o perfect_a again_o this_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o formal_a cause_n and_o the_o end_n for_o the_o form_n may_v be_v as_o we_o see_v and_o not_o the_o end_n again_o we_o know_v there_o be_v many_o thing_n that_o have_v not_o their_o perfection_n but_o by_o growth_n and_o yet_o have_v all_o the_o cause_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o end_n present_o follow_v after_o the_o form_n so_o man_n be_v make_v by_o god_n here_o god_n be_v the_o efficient_a earth_n the_o matter_n reason_n the_o form_n yet_o here_o be_v not_o his_o end_n namely_o fitness_n to_o serve_v god_n and_o thus_o we_o have_v hear_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n whereon_o the_o effect_n be_v build_v physicis_fw-la rebus_fw-la finis_fw-la homo_fw-la propositas_fw-la est_fw-la homini_fw-la deus_fw-la of_o natural_a thing_n man_n be_v the_o end_n the_o grace_n of_o man_n be_v god_n and_o god_n make_v he_o good_a not_o as_o a_o efficient_a but_o as_o a_o end_n omnium_fw-la artium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquod_fw-la summom_n bonum_fw-la &_o finis_fw-la extremus_fw-la that_o be_v that_o end_n which_o they_o reach_v unto_o but_o that_o be_v not_o the_o summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la of_o all_o thing_n for_o logick_n end_n be_v be_v disserere_fw-la grammar_n bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o be_v the_o further_a end_n of_o logic_n and_o grammar_n but_o not_o the_o further_a end_n of_o all_o they_o be_v indeed_o the_o proper_a end_n of_o they_o but_o not_o the_o summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la so_o that_o he_o mean_v by_o summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la the_o outmost_a or_o far_a end_n of_o they_o and_o the_o end_n of_o logic_n lie_v in_o the_o precept_n of_o it_o as_o they_o act_n bene_fw-la disserere_fw-la this_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o end_n and_o the_o effect_n a_o house_n be_v make_v to_o dwell_v in_o though_o it_o never_o be_v dwell_v in_o so_o for_o a_o garment_n to_o be_v wear_v be_v one_o thing_n and_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o wear_v another_o so_o if_o i_o go_v forth_o to_o speak_v with_o one_o and_o he_o be_v go_v yet_o i_o obtain_v my_o end_n they_o common_o say_v he_o be_v frustrate_v of_o his_o end_n but_o not_o frustrate_v of_o finis_fw-la quatenus_fw-la finis_fw-la but_o quatenus_fw-la effectum_fw-la juno_n primo_fw-la aeneidos_fw-la connubii_fw-la finem_fw-la assumit_n cum_fw-la aeolo_fw-la deiopeiam_fw-la pollicetur_fw-la solatii_fw-la scilicet_fw-la prolisque_fw-la gratia_fw-la sunt_fw-la mihi_fw-la his_fw-la septem_fw-la praestanti_fw-la corpore_fw-la nymphae_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o juno_n persuade_v aeolus_n to_o let_v his_o wind_n out_o and_o she_o will_v give_v he_o one_o of_o her_o nymph_n which_o she_o press_v upon_o he_o by_o final_a cause_n first_o that_o she_o may_v spend_v all_o her_o year_n with_o he_o and_o second_o that_o she_o may_v make_v he_o the_o father_n of_o a_o fair_a offspring_n in_o defension_n ligarii_fw-la cicero_n tuberonem_fw-la accusatorem_fw-la urget_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la certe_fw-la ait_fw-la contra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la caesarem_fw-la est_fw-la congressus_fw-la armatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v tubero_n thou_o have_v thy_o sword_n draw_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsalio_n thou_o do_v strike_v his_o side_n mark_v the_o variety_n of_o the_o phrase_n and_o so_o of_o the_o end_n what_o mean_v thy_o sword_n what_o be_v thy_o mind_n here_o be_v the_o propositum_fw-la what_o mean_v thou_o to_o have_v do_v even_o to_o have_v kill_v caesar_n so_o that_o the_o final_a cause_n be_v not_o accidental_a to_o the_o thing_n but_o even_o substantial_a and_o therefore_o we_o have_v it_o so_o often_o in_o the_o definition_n of_o art_n use_v for_o the_o form_n and_o that_o for_o this_o reason_n because_o it_o be_v the_o next_o argument_n to_o it_o and_o presuppose_v the_o form_n so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o use_n of_o the_o final_a cause_n in_o the_o definition_n of_o arts._n as_o dialectica_fw-la est_fw-la ars_fw-la bene_fw-la disserendi_fw-la here_o bene_fw-la disserere_fw-la be_v the_o end_n and_o it_o be_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v dialectica_fw-la have_v such_o a_o soul_n as_o that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o perform_v and_o execute_v this_o or_o that_o thing_n for_o which_o it_o be_v make_v so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o art_n i_o but_o what_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o general_n why_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o effect_n of_o all_o art_n answ_n but_o as_o every_o thing_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o end_n of_o it_o ergo_fw-la if_o a_o man_n will_v do_v any_o logicum_fw-la opus_fw-la he_o must_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o thus_o we_o have_v hear_v the_o doctrine_n
a_o thing_n indeed_o let_v it_o be_v from_o the_o effect_n we_o may_v commend_v one_o from_o his_o fair_a building_n but_o that_o be_v beggarly_a as_o tully_n say_v or_o a_o woman_n for_o her_o beauty_n but_o this_o be_v childish_a for_o the_o true_a commendation_n be_v from_o the_o effect_n so_o man_n be_v here_o to_o be_v disprayse_v from_o his_o sin_n so_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o be_v praise_v from_o his_o effect_n quarum_fw-la pleni_fw-la sunt_fw-la libri_fw-la sacri_fw-la &_o prophani_fw-la why_o in_o scripture_n because_o divinity_n stand_v in_o action_n not_o in_o theory_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v they_o so_o often_o commend_v that_o have_v do_v well_o &_o contra_fw-la aenei_fw-la 6._o facta_fw-la variorum_fw-la populorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n excudent_fw-la alii_fw-la spirantia_fw-la mollius_fw-la aera_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o roman_n be_v commend_v from_o their_o effect_n first_o regere_fw-la imperio_fw-la populos_fw-la again_o parcere_fw-la subjectis_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o act_n of_o other_o people_n and_o they_o be_v make_v minora_fw-la to_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o roman_n excudent_fw-la alii_fw-la spirantia_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o the_o corinthian_n will_v carve_v you_o any_o thing_n orabant_fw-la causas_fw-la melius_fw-la as_o the_o orator_n among_o the_o athenian_n coelique_fw-la meatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o the_o chaldaean_n and_o egyptian_n will_v do_v huc_fw-la dicta_fw-la scriptaque_fw-la referenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la that_o be_v dicta_fw-la and_o scripta_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o author_n but_o if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o thing_n write_v or_o speak_v so_o they_o be_v testimony_n so_o pericles_n and_o hortensius_n be_v famous_a for_o speak_v well_o demosthenes_n and_o tully_n for_o both_o ad_fw-la hunc_fw-la locum_fw-la referuntur_fw-la consilia_fw-la &_o deliberationes_fw-la etc._n etc._n counsel_n and_o deliberation_n be_v effect_n of_o they_o that_o consult_v and_o deliberate_a etiam_fw-la si_fw-la omnio_fw-la ad_fw-la exitum_fw-la perductae_fw-la non_fw-la fuerint_fw-la and_o this_o appear_v evident_o in_o that_o parmenio_n and_o philotas_n be_v put_v to_o death_n be_v suspect_v of_o conspiracy_n against_o alexander_n so_o also_o be_v lentulus_n and_o cethegus_n and_o other_o companion_n of_o catiline_n sunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la effecta_fw-la virtutum_fw-la &_o vitiorum_fw-la quid_fw-la non_fw-la ebrietas_fw-la designat_fw-la operta_fw-la recludit_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o it_o be_v a_o common_a conceit_n that_o nothing_o be_v a_o effect_n but_o that_o which_o be_v substantial_a but_o accidental_a cause_n as_o i_o may_v call_v they_o may_v have_v accidental_a effect_n as_o drunkenness_n first_o operta_fw-la recludit_fw-la second_o in_o praelia_fw-la trudit_fw-la inermem_fw-la it_o make_v a_o man_n go_v to_o war_n leave_v his_o weapon_n behind_o he_o it_o will_v make_v a_o man_n think_v himself_o as_o good_a as_o my_o lord_n mayor_n faecundae_fw-la calices_fw-la here_o be_v cup_n for_o drink_n and_o drink_v for_o drunkenness_n quem_fw-la non_fw-la fecere_fw-la desertum_fw-la that_o be_v a_o dizzard_n he_o mean_v a_o logician_n contracta_fw-la quem_fw-la non_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o make_v a_o man_n in_o poverty_n a_o brave_a mind_a fellow_n chap._n x._o de_fw-fr subjecto_fw-la argumentum_fw-la modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la succedit_fw-la ut_fw-la subjectum_fw-la &_o adjunctum_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o so_o have_v see_v the_o thing_n in_o his_o essence_n and_o we_o see_v how_o logic_n do_v direct_v the_o eye_n of_o our_o reason_n to_o see_v the_o most_o inmost_a thing_n in_o it_o now_o we_o come_v to_o see_v the_o complemental_a thing_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o thing_n not_o belong_v or_o concur_v to_o the_o existere_fw-la of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o simular_a part_n these_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o blood_n in_o the_o sinew_n etc._n etc._n to_o 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inseparabilis_fw-la as_o homini_fw-la risus_fw-la aequo_fw-la hinnitus_fw-la be_v but_o act_n of_o the_o soul_n work_v in_o the_o body_n of_o their_o subject_n succedit_fw-la why_o because_o they_o be_v after_o those_o that_o agree_v absolute_o we_o have_v hear_v that_o the_o effect_n arise_v from_o all_o the_o cause_n and_o can_v existere_fw-la without_o they_o ergo_fw-la it_o must_v be_v a_o thing_n of_o necessity_n before_o it_o be_v subject_a or_o adjunct_n or_o before_o it_o can_v have_v a_o subject_n or_o adjunct_n for_o that_o which_o have_v adjunct_n be_v a_o subject_n &_o contra_fw-la ut_fw-la subjectum_fw-la &_o adjunctum_fw-la a_o subject_n be_v by_o nature_n before_o a_o adjunct_n and_o a_o thing_n be_v first_o a_o subject_n before_o it_o be_v a_o adjunct_n and_o there_o must_v be_v a_o thing_n subject_v to_o a_o adjunct_n before_o a_o thing_n can_v be_v adjoin_v to_o a_o subject_n again_o the_o subject_n be_v more_o general_a than_o the_o adjunct_n not_o that_o there_o 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as_o subjectum_fw-la do_v intimate_v a_o thing_n lay_v underneath_o so_o the_o adjunct_n do_v intimate_v a_o thing_n lay_v upon_o it_o so_o that_o the_o adjunct_n do_v depend_v and_o hang_v upon_o the_o subject_n as_o upon_o a_o hook_n or_o as_o one_o thing_n tie_v to_o another_o thus_o have_v we_o hear_v the_o subject_n argument_n to_o be_v so_o as_o if_o his_o adjunct_n be_v remove_v from_o he_o or_o he_o from_o his_o adjunct_n yet_o he_o stand_v firm_a in_o his_o cause_n now_o for_o the_o manner_n anima_fw-la est_fw-la subjectum_fw-la scientiae_fw-la ignore_fw-la antiae_fw-la virtutis_fw-la vitii_fw-la quia_fw-la haec_fw-la praeter_fw-la essentiam_fw-la accedunt_fw-la anima_fw-la be_v a_o spiritual_a thing_n so_o be_v these_o adjunct_n scientia_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la etc._n etc._n of_o the_o same_o kind_n too_o now_o these_o take_v hold_v one_o of_o another_o quodam_fw-la modo_fw-la ergo_fw-la if_o they_o be_v remove_v yet_o the_o soul_n remain_v entire_a ergo_fw-la it_o be_v but_o subjectum_fw-la of_o they_o scientia_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o be_v but_o adjoin_v to_o it_o the_o anima_fw-la he_o esse_fw-la be_v not_o of_o their_o esse_fw-la aut_fw-la contra_fw-la some_o be_v of_o opinion_n as_o scaliger_n that_o the_o angel_n and_o man_n soul_n esse_fw-la and_o agere_fw-la be_v the_o same_o but_o then_o their_o actus_n shall_v be_v perpetual_a again_o than_o they_o have_v no_o adjunct_n than_o no_o cause_n than_o god_n ergo_fw-la they_o have_v their_o quality_n again_o it_o be_v a_o most_o sound_a and_o sure_a argument_n that_o they_o be_v creature_n not_o god_n because_o they_o be_v finite_a ergo_fw-la have_v cause_n ergo_fw-la be_v effect_n ergo_fw-la have_v adjunct_n object_n but_o how_o be_v these_o join_v to_o the_o soul_n it_o have_v two_o faculty_n reason_n and_o will_n now_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o understanding_n be_v the_o intellectual_a virtue_n when_o it_o can_v prompt_o and_o ready_o perform_v its_o act_n as_o when_o it_o be_v prompt_v and_o 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thing_n receive_v as_o when_o i_o say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v in_o my_o chamber_n here_o i_o consider_v my_o chamber_n not_o as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o build_n but_o as_o it_o be_v receive_v he_o again_o if_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v in_o logic_n it_o shall_v rather_o be_v in_o geometry_n than_o in_o nature_n for_o limitation_n of_o place_n be_v next_o and_o immediate_o from_o the_o limitation_n of_o quantity_n and_o there_o we_o hear_v of_o locus_fw-la as_o there_o be_v repletio_fw-la loci_fw-la locus_fw-la here_o be_v put_v for_o the_o space_n of_o that_o place_n by_o a_o metonimy_n of_o subject_n for_o the_o adjunct_n est_fw-la subjectum_fw-la here_o that_o which_o we_o hear_v of_o in_o adjunct_n be_v res_fw-la locata_fw-la because_o it_o do_v apply_v that_o special_a kind_n of_o adjunct_n that_o answer_v to_o this_o subject_a locus_fw-la now_o it_o be_v not_o essential_a to_o the_o thing_n ergo_fw-la be_v but_o complemental_a again_o that_o which_o be_v now_o in_o one_o place_n may_v remove_v to_o another_o place_n ergo_fw-la be_v not_o absolute_o consent_v to_o the_o thing_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v it_o must_v needs_o belong_v to_o logic_n as_o be_v but_o in_o respect_n they_o say_v only_o corpus_fw-la be_v in_o loco_fw-la descriptive_a and_o not_o spirit_n they_o be_v but_o in_o ubi_fw-la or_o in_o loco_fw-la designatione_fw-la but_o what_o be_v this_o but_o a_o rule_n of_o geometry_n where_o we_o hear_v of_o completio_fw-la loci_fw-la by_o corpus_fw-la and_o therefore_o aristotle_n bring_v locus_fw-la to_o quantity_n then_o again_o they_o question_v whether_o the_o space_n that_o contain_v a_o thing_n be_v locus_fw-la or_o no._n answ_n space_n belong_v to_o nature_n and_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o measure_n that_o do_v fill_v the_o place_n and_o be_v nothing_o but_o that_o quadrangula_fw-la sex_n complent_fw-la locum_fw-la or_o a_o pint_n will_v receive_v a_o pint_n and_o therefore_o to_o receive_v be_v to_o measure_v the_o space_n i_o confess_v you_o may_v name_v it_o in_o nature_n but_o not_o define_v it_o sic_fw-la philosophi_fw-la divinis_fw-la entibus_fw-la licet_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o magnitudine_fw-la carentibus_fw-la attribuunt_fw-la locum_fw-la so_o the_o philosopher_n give_v place_n to_o the_o intelligence_n whereas_o he_o make_v they_o to_o move_v the_o heaven_n say_v they_o be_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o they_o licet_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o magnitudine_fw-la carentibus_fw-la here_o he_o speak_v according_a to_o the_o common_a conceit_n in_o school_n but_o i_o marvel_v how_o he_o or_o any_o other_o can_v say_v so_o scaliger_n say_v they_o be_v in_o divine_a predicament_n of_o quantity_n but_o not_o in_o this_o gross_a predicament_n of_o quantity_n and_o they_o have_v a_o figure_n in_o what_o figure_n be_v angel_n first_o create_v an._n in_o what_o figure_n be_v water_n first_o make_v they_o can_v take_v any_o figure_n as_o water_n can_v but_o i_o think_v they_o be_v first_o make_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o roundness_n so_o aristotle_n say_v they_o be_v make_v as_o puncta_fw-la so_o be_v fire_n round_o for_o that_o be_v figura_fw-la capacissima_fw-la
here_o come_v in_o their_o predicament_n of_o qualitas_fw-la and_o qualitas_fw-la be_v no_o genus_fw-la of_o any_o thing_n ergo_fw-la that_o distinction_n of_o qualitas_fw-la to_o be_v naturalis_fw-la or_o moralis_fw-la be_v not_o at_o all_o but_o a_o special_a use_n of_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v teach_v in_o a_o general_a art_n for_o qualitas_fw-la be_v but_o a_o logical_a term_n and_o as_o adiunctum_fw-la be_v genus_fw-la to_o they_o so_o be_v qualitas_fw-la every_o example_n be_v infima_fw-la species_n in_o logic_n so_o that_o calor_fw-la be_v a_o adjunct_n to_o fire_n and_o when_o i_o have_v say_v so_o i_o have_v consider_v the_o logical_a respect_n and_o no_o more_o praeter_fw-la causas_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v that_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o must_v have_v cause_n and_o so_o the_o existere_fw-la of_o a_o thing_n be_v from_o the_o esses_fw-la that_o the_o cause_n give_v and_o then_o the_o adjunct_n come_v over_o and_o above_o the_o thing_n now_o quality_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n proper_a and_o common_a these_o be_v but_o special_a modi_fw-la of_o these_o quality_n they_o may_v be_v proper_a because_o they_o argue_v at_o proper_a common_a because_o they_o argue_v at_o common_a or_o at_o random_n as_o we_o say_v now_o whatsoever_o have_v affection_n to_o argue_v that_o belong_v to_o logic_n ergo_fw-la these_o because_o they_o have_v affection_n to_o argue_v rather_o as_o modi_fw-la that_o as_o adjunct_n as_o modi_fw-la efficientis_fw-la before_o so_o therefore_o they_o be_v distinguish_v thus_o so_o risus_fw-la do_v argue_v homo_fw-la not_o so_o much_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o adiunctity_n as_o of_o its_o property_n now_o qualitates_fw-la propriae_fw-la have_v these_o property_n with_o they_o conveniunt_fw-la they_o come_v together_o with_o the_o subject_n and_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o whole_a and_o afterward_o with_o the_o part_n ergo_fw-la he_o say_v well_o conveniunt_fw-la omni._n this_o be_v somewhat_o hard_a for_o omni_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la de_fw-fr uno_fw-la aut_fw-la de_fw-la duobus_fw-la but_o tria_fw-la simul_fw-la omne_fw-la that_o be_v three_o will_v make_v a_o omne_fw-la and_o our_o author_n teach_v in_o judgement_n that_o a_o special_a axiom_n be_v quando_fw-la consequens_fw-la non_fw-la omni_fw-la and_o there_o it_o may_v be_v of_o one_o or_o two_o but_o here_o it_o must_v be_v take_v more_o general_a for_o one_o or_o two_o etc._n etc._n but_o because_o the_o school_n think_v property_n convenire_fw-la omni_fw-la speciei_fw-la only_o and_o think_v that_o individua_fw-la have_v no_o property_n as_o they_o also_o think_v that_o forma_fw-la be_v only_o speciebus_fw-la and_o individua_fw-la be_v distinguish_v accidentibus_fw-la but_o our_o logic_n teach_v that_o every_o thing_n have_v a_o form_n and_o therefore_o have_v property_n for_o common_o property_n arise_v from_o the_o form_n ergo_fw-la he_o say_v conveniunt_fw-la omni_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v omni_fw-la speciei_fw-la omni_fw-la individuo_fw-la soli._n soli_n shut_v out_o all_o other_o else_o it_o be_v not_o a_o property_n semper_fw-la so_o that_o if_o they_o agree_v omni_n and_o non_fw-la soli_fw-la or_o soli_fw-la and_o non_fw-la omni_fw-la or_o omni_fw-la and_o soli_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la semper_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la omni_fw-la &_o soli_fw-la they_o be_v no_o property_n ergo_fw-la a_o property_n do_v argue_v with_o this_o virtue_n that_o it_o argue_v omni_fw-la soli_fw-la and_o semper_fw-la and_o so_o it_o be_v meet_v because_o they_o will_v come_v into_o art_n and_o will_v make_v a_o rule_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o this_o it_o be_v every_o art_n ought_v to_o deliver_v the_o cause_n quality_n and_o act_n of_o a_o thing_n for_o so_o there_o be_v in_o nature_n first_o the_o thing_n than_o the_o quality_n or_o faculty_n than_o the_o act_n which_o point_v out_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o that_o if_o one_o will_v make_v a_o art_n of_o homo_fw-la that_o part_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n he_o must_v speak_v of_o risus_fw-la because_o he_o do_v some_o thing_n in_o nature_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o quality_n so_o heat_n and_o cold_a first_o agree_v to_o elementum_fw-la calidum_fw-la and_o frigidum_fw-la and_o afterward_o to_o the_o species_n not_o by_o the_o immediate_a act_n of_o their_o form_n upon_o their_o matter_n but_o by_o the_o common_a act_n of_o fire_n and_o agree_v to_o produce_v heat_n and_o water_n and_o earth_n to_o produce_v cold_a ut_fw-la homini_fw-la risus_fw-la aequo_fw-la hinnitus_fw-la cani_fw-la latratus_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o mean_v the_o faculty_n not_o the_o act_n so_o neigh_v to_o a_o horse_n every_o beast_n have_v his_o peculiar_a voice_n though_o we_o can_v discern_v it_o so_o well_o common_a adjunct_n be_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o that_o which_o be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o be_v first_o in_o the_o part_n and_o then_o in_o the_o general_n as_o learning_n first_o agree_v to_o socrates_n plato_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o to_o man_n and_o this_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o proper_a and_o common_a adjunct_n the_o proper_a adjunct_n agree_v first_o to_o the_o general_n and_o then_o to_o the_o singular_n the_o common_a agree_v first_o to_o the_o singular_n and_o then_o to_o the_o general_n hoc_fw-la genere_fw-la argumenti_fw-la faunium_n chaeriam_fw-la cicero_n pro_fw-la roscio_n comaedo_fw-la cavillatur_fw-la nun_n ipsum_fw-la caput_fw-la &_o supercilia_fw-la illa_fw-la penitus_fw-la abrasa_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o have_v not_o a_o hair_n for_o he_o shave_v they_o off_o ergo_fw-la he_o reason_n from_o thence_o that_o he_o be_v a_o knave_n and_o it_o may_v be_v true_a because_o they_o be_v hot_a head_v that_o be_v bald_a this_o be_v a_o new_a modus_fw-la and_o he_o reason_n from_o sign_n which_o be_v common_a quality_n they_o do_v not_o agree_v omni_n soli_fw-la and_o semper_fw-la and_o yet_o a_o knave_n do_v omni_fw-la soli_fw-la and_o semper_fw-la common_o sic_fw-la martialis_n 2._o lib._n zoilum_fw-la ludit_fw-la crine_fw-la ruber_fw-la niger_n over_o brevis_fw-la pede_fw-la lumine_fw-la luscus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o cause_n of_o these_o not_o make_v a_o good_a man_n be_v this_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o red_a head_n be_v colour_n ergo_fw-la there_o be_v much_o heat_n and_o where_o there_o be_v much_o heat_n there_o will_v be_v much_o fancy_n and_o where_o there_o be_v much_o fancy_n there_o will_v be_v much_o juggle_a niger_n over_o that_o come_v from_o melancholy_a that_o lie_v in_o the_o muscle_n about_o the_o mouth_n brevis_fw-la pede_fw-la that_o may_v have_v some_o reason_n with_o it_o for_o such_o a_o one_o will_v go_v apace_o lumine_fw-la luseus_fw-la for_o when_o a_o man_n think_v he_o look_v on_o he_o than_o he_o look_v asquint_o and_o when_o one_o will_v think_v he_o look_v asquint_o than_o he_o look_v on_o he_o siv_n vestitus_fw-la &_o comitatus_fw-la res_fw-la adiunctae_fw-la sunt_fw-la quo_fw-la circumstantiae_fw-la genere_fw-la dido_n etc._n etc._n oecanâ—m_fw-fr intera_fw-fr surgens_fw-la aurorarelinquit_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o not_o only_a accident_n but_o substance_n may_v be_v adjunct_n a_o man_n may_v be_v a_o adjunct_n as_o he_o be_v a_o servant_n so_o dido_n go_v a_o hunt_n be_v argue_v first_o from_o the_o time_n aâ—rora_fw-la than_o the_o attendance_n of_o young_a man_n than_o their_o hunt_a instrument_n etc._n etc._n est_fw-la vero_fw-la adiâ—nctorum_fw-la ad_fw-la subiecta_fw-la quibus_fw-la occupantur_fw-la usus_fw-la item_n magnus_fw-la there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o adjunct_n which_o be_v occupantia_fw-la as_o we_o hear_v before_o of_o subicta_fw-la occupata_fw-la so_o plato_n prove_v that_o those_o city_n be_v miserable_a which_o want_v physician_n and_o judge_n quia_fw-la multa_fw-la quoque_fw-la &_o intâ—mperantiam_fw-la &_o iniustitiam_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la civitate_fw-la versari_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la sed_fw-la consentaneorum_fw-la categoria_fw-la sic_fw-la est_fw-la unde_fw-la quidvis_fw-la alteri_fw-la consentaneâ—m_fw-la vel_fw-la idâ—m_fw-la vel_fw-la unâ—m_fw-la diâ—i_fw-la possit_fw-la we_o have_v now_o see_v both_o what_o go_v to_o the_o esse_fw-la and_o bene_fw-la esse_fw-la of_o a_o thing_n now_o he_o call_v it_o categoria_fw-la the_o argue_v categeria_n signify_v to_o plead_v against_o and_o they_o that_o give_v it_o that_o name_n first_o to_o argue_v do_v discern_v truth_n by_o the_o contrary_a which_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o lawyer_n and_o we_o know_v when_o we_o will_v see_v a_o thing_n that_o if_o we_o take_v the_o contrary_a it_o will_v make_v it_o make_fw-mi be_v illucescere_fw-la afterward_o it_o come_v to_o signify_v not_o that_o gainsaying_n one_o of_o another_o but_o one_o man_n plead_n alone_o for_o his_o client_n than_o it_o come_v to_o signify_v the_o argument_n that_o he_o use_v in_o his_o speech_n for_o his_o client_n and_o last_o it_o come_v to_o signify_v any_o argument_n and_o thence_o come_v argumentum_fw-la the_o predicament_n be_v call_v so_o namely_o categoria_fw-la and_o so_o ramus_n will_v have_v we_o consider_v every_o argument_n to_o be_v a_o predicament_n idâ—m_fw-la vel_fw-la unum_fw-la moreover_o he_o do_v commorari_fw-la a_o
husband_n and_o wife_n bind_v child_n and_o servant_n etc._n etc._n but_o now_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v not_o relate_v because_o the_o bound_n and_o free_a be_v relate_v all_o these_o be_v special_a example_n of_o relate_v contain_v nothing_o under_o they_o so_o that_o relate_v not_o possible_o be_v a_o predicament_n according_a to_o their_o own_o doctrine_n no_o more_o than_o causa_fw-la and_o effectum_fw-la and_o by_o that_o course_n that_o they_o take_v i_o can_v prove_v that_o socrates_n est_fw-la genus_fw-la in_o go_v backward_o and_o say_v he_o be_v substantia_fw-la he_o be_v genus_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o because_o the_o whole_a relation_n stand_v in_o their_o mutual_a causation_n for_o that_o cause_n they_o be_v call_v relate_v ut_fw-la pater_fw-la qui_fw-la filium_fw-la habet_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o we_o say_v be_v he_o such_o a_o man_n son_n here_o be_v a_o metonimy_n of_o the_o adjunct_n for_o the_o subject_n son_n put_v for_o man_n when_o i_o say_v paul_n be_v a_o servant_n of_o christ_n here_o i_o mean_v paul_n calling_n servant_n have_v a_o double_a respect_n in_o it_o one_o as_o it_o be_v in_o oeconomy_n another_o as_o it_o have_v logical_a relation_n which_o we_o may_v see_v thus_o for_o if_o he_o be_v christ_n servant_n than_o christ_n be_v his_o master_n relata_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la simul_fw-la esse_fw-la natura_fw-la the_o reason_n stand_v in_o this_o the_o whole_a be_v of_o the_o one_o relate_v be_v contain_v in_o the_o other_o ergo_fw-la they_o be_v simul_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v mutual_a cause_n they_o must_v be_v mutual_a effect_n ergo_fw-la as_o one_o be_v the_o cause_n so_o the_o other_o be_v the_o effect_n &_o contra_fw-la ergo_fw-la they_o must_v be_v simul_fw-la natura_fw-la because_o their_o nature_n spring_v from_o they_o mutual_o for_o nature_n be_v arise_v from_o cause_n here_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o trinity_n that_o one_o person_n be_v not_o before_o another_o there_o be_v no_o respect_n of_o priority_n or_o posteriority_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o contrary_n because_o there_o be_v no_o force_n of_o argue_v from_o thence_o we_o hear_v before_o that_o all_o of_o they_o be_v aeque_fw-la manifesta_fw-la that_o be_v aeque_fw-la intelligibiâ—ia_fw-la and_o not_o as_o consentany_n where_o the_o cause_n clear_v the_o effect_n more_o then_o contra_fw-la because_o the_o cause_n be_v more_o simple_a and_o single_a so_o likewise_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o behold_v to_o the_o adjunct_n but_o contra_fw-la again_o the_o â—ause_n and_o subject_n do_v more_o argue_v the_o effect_n and_o adjunct_n than_o contra_fw-la again_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o qui_fw-la alterum_fw-la perfect_v norit_fw-la norit_fw-fr &_o reliquum_fw-la for_o they_o be_v mutual_a cause_n and_o our_o scientia_fw-la est_fw-la e_fw-la causis_fw-la pro_fw-la marcello_n exit_fw-la quo_fw-la profecto_fw-la intelligis_fw-la quanta_fw-la in_o dato_fw-la beneficio_fw-la sit_fw-la laus_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o accepto_fw-la tanta_fw-la sit_fw-la gloria_fw-la dare_v and_o accipere_fw-la are_z relate_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v if_o it_o be_v glorious_a to_o receive_v than_o it_o be_v much_o more_o glorious_a to_o give_v now_o his_o principal_a driâ—t_n of_o argue_v be_v a_o minore_fw-la but_o yet_o the_o argument_n be_v relate_v so_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o give_v till_o it_o be_v receive_v and_o again_o he_o that_o know_v the_o one_o know_v the_o other_o tum_o serum_fw-la sis_fw-la tâ—_n genitum_fw-la blandeque_fw-la fateris_fw-la cum_fw-la dicis_fw-la dominum_fw-la sosibiane_fw-la patrem_fw-la sosibian_a be_v a_o servant_n to_o his_o father_n because_o he_o be_v his_o master_n sic_fw-la portorum_fw-la rhodiis_fw-la locare_fw-la honestum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o her_o macreonti_fw-la conducere_fw-la if_o it_o be_v honest_a to_o let_v out_o than_o it_o be_v honest_a to_o hire_v for_o they_o be_v mutual_a cause_n and_o in_o usury_n i_o think_v both_o take_n on_o usury_n and_o let_v out_o to_o usury_n be_v unlawful_a by_o reason_n of_o this_o relation_n as_o jeremy_n speak_v so_o discere_fw-la and_o docere_fw-la are_z relate_v jamilla_n inquit_fw-la matura_fw-la uxor_fw-la generi_fw-la noverca_fw-la silij_fw-la filiae_fw-la pellex_fw-la here_o he_o play_v with_o the_o name_n and_o indeed_o all_o name_n of_o kindred_n be_v relate_v ovid_n 1_o metamorphosios_fw-gr non_fw-la hospes_fw-la ab_fw-la hospite_fw-la tutus_fw-la non_fw-la socer_fw-la a_o generâ—_fw-la fratrum_fw-la quoque_fw-la gratia_fw-la rara_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n atque_fw-la argumentum_fw-la talis_fw-la relationis_fw-la contrarium_fw-la nihil_fw-la habet_fw-la etc._n etc._n indeed_o here_o be_v no_o contrariety_n in_o these_o example_n neither_o consention_n in_o that_o respect_n but_o they_o be_v paria_fw-la happy_o he_o can_v find_v no_o example_n of_o they_o in_o their_o disagree_a nature_n and_o so_o will_v here_o commend_v unto_o we_o their_o use_n to_o be_v more_o often_o in_o the_o consentany_a affection_n then_o in_o their_o dissentany_a nature_n as_o when_o we_o say_v how_o can_v that_o be_v why_o he_o be_v his_o son_n chap._n xv._o de_fw-fr adversis_fw-la adversa_fw-la sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la affirmantia_fw-la quae_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la velâ—ti_fw-la e_fw-la region_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la adversantur_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o be_v what_o go_v to_o the_o be_v and_o what_o to_o the_o well-being_n of_o it_o and_o how_o thereby_o it_o dissent_v from_o other_o thing_n by_o a_o diversity_n or_o opposition_n diverse_o may_v consent_v between_o themselves_o but_o they_o be_v make_v to_o divert_v one_o from_o another_o again_o for_o opposition_n it_o be_v re_fw-mi &_o ratione_fw-la dissent_v either_o by_o a_o disparate_a nature_n or_o by_o a_o contrary_a nature_n contrary_n be_v either_o of_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o thing_n or_o of_o one_o thing_n to_o nothing_o the_o former_a kind_n also_o be_v of_o thing_n that_o may_v agree_v or_o of_o they_o that_o will_v never_o be_v at_o peace_n now_o therefore_o we_o come_v to_o adversa_fw-la and_o these_o have_v their_o name_n of_o turn_v not_o aside_o as_o diversa_fw-la or_o as_o one_o to_o many_o as_o disparate_v neither_o as_o relate_v which_o have_v a_o double_a aspect_n a_o conjunct_a aspect_n be_v set_v face_n to_o face_n and_o a_o opposite_a aspect_n be_v set_v back_o to_o back_n but_o adversa_fw-la be_v in_o a_o oppsite_a aspect_n hence_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o one_o aspect_n through_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o other_o aspect_n will_v be_v a_o right_a line_n so_o that_o here_o be_v no_o peace_n they_o be_v overthwart_a neighbour_n continual_o sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la contrary_n be_v oppose_v one_o to_o one_o so_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o a_o adverse_a but_o as_o it_o be_v oppose_v to_o some_o other_o thing_n sunt_fw-la affirmantia_fw-la that_o be_v they_o be_v thing_n positive_a whereof_o the_o one_o thing_n be_v not_o nothing_o but_o both_o be_v something_o contraria_fw-la quorum_fw-la utrumque_fw-la affirmat_fw-la sunt_fw-la affirmantia_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la veer_fw-la entia_fw-la at_o haec_fw-la contraria_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la sunt_fw-la ergo_fw-la adversa_fw-la sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la affirmantia_fw-la adversantur_fw-la that_o be_v according_a to_o their_o nature_n set_v one_o against_o another_o by_o a_o right_a line_n perpetuo_fw-la 2._o relate_v may_v be_v friend_n though_o they_o will_v be_v foe_n but_o adversa_fw-la can_v never_o be_v reconcile_v this_o dissension_n of_o adversa_fw-la do_v arise_v from_o a_o particular_a form_n for_o homo_fw-la be_v adverse_a to_o brutum_fw-la as_o brutum_fw-la be_v animale_a irrationale_fw-la and_o as_o man_n be_v animale_a rationale_fw-la and_o these_o can_v never_o be_v reconcile_v and_o every_o thing_n have_v his_o contrary_n though_o we_o can_v see_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o form_n subtlety_n for_o contrariety_n arise_v from_o the_o form_n inter_fw-la se_fw-la this_o show_v that_o contrary_n be_v not_o opposite_a but_o when_o they_o be_v set_v one_o against_o another_o as_o blackness_n in_o a_o shoe_n be_v not_o opposite_a to_o whiteness_n in_o a_o band_n veluti_fw-la e_fw-la region_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v if_o one_o stand_v here_o or_o there_o the_o other_o will_v face_v he_o and_o if_o the_o one_o remove_n the_o other_o also_o will_v remove_v so_o that_o they_o be_v two_o overthwart_a neighbour_n direct_o oppose_v one_o to_o another_o continual_o disparate_v be_v behind_o one_o another_o or_o on_o the_o one_o side_n one_o of_o another_o never_o before_o one_o another_o relate_v also_o may_v be_v friend_n but_o these_o will_v always_o be_v foe_n in_o that_o he_o say_v veluti_fw-la e_fw-la region_fw-la he_o show_v that_o they_o differ_v from_o disparate_v and_o perpetuo_fw-la show_v that_o they_o differ_v from_o relate_v virgilius_n aeneidos_n 11._o nulla_fw-la salus_fw-la bello_fw-la pacem_fw-la te_fw-la poscimus_fw-la omnes_fw-la salus_n and_o bellum_fw-la be_v adversa_fw-la sic_fw-la albor_fw-la &_o niger_n calidum_fw-la &_o frigidum_fw-la virtus_fw-la &_o vitium_fw-la opponuntur_fw-la indeed_o we_o make_v they_o thing_n though_o their_o original_n be_v defect_n for_o vice_n
it_o be_v by_o the_o root_n and_o make_v that_o something_o to_o be_v a_o absolute_a nothing_o privantia_fw-la they_o be_v so_o call_v because_o of_o the_o privant_fw-la that_o pull_v the_o habit_n out_o of_o his_o house_n as_o it_o be_v in_o eo_fw-la tantum_fw-la subjecto_fw-la he_o do_v not_o mean_a that_o privantia_fw-la be_v always_o adjunct_n to_o some_o subject_n for_o they_o may_v be_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o when_o i_o say_v sight_n be_v not_o blindness_n but_o this_o he_o mean_v that_o the_o habit_n be_v deny_v and_o the_o denier_n take_v away_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n without_o leave_v any_o deputy_n thereof_o as_o cecity_n deny_v the_o very_a entity_n of_o visus_fw-la where_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o pluck_v up_o as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o it_o suapte_v natura_fw-la inest_fw-la he_o do_v not_o understand_v by_o nature_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n consider_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n but_o in_o that_o thing_n where_o unto_o it_o may_v be_v consentany_a ergo_fw-la by_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o that_o any_o way_n or_o by_o any_o rule_n of_o art_n shall_v agree_v to_o the_o thing_n so_o that_o simplex_fw-la natura_fw-la be_v as_o much_o as_o consentaneum_fw-la or_o that_o which_o be_v confentanie_n as_o a_o cause_n effect_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o thing_n at_o que_fw-la hic_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la dicitur_fw-la habitus_fw-la negatum_fw-la autem_fw-la privatio_fw-la he_o keep_v the_o common_a term_n it_o be_v call_v habitus_fw-la because_o it_o shall_v be_v habitual_a to_o the_o thing_n whereunto_o it_o be_v give_v negatum_fw-la autem_fw-la privatio_fw-la because_o it_o pull_v out_o the_o habit_n by_o the_o root_n sic_fw-la motus_fw-la &_o quies_fw-la sic_fw-la ebrius_fw-la &_o et_fw-la sobrius_fw-la our_o author_n bring_v such_o example_n as_o be_v receive_v in_o school_n otherwise_o ebrietas_fw-la be_v a_o vice_n and_o indeed_o all_o vice_n be_v privantia_fw-la so_o sin_n be_v a_o habit_n as_o it_o cause_v the_o subject_n to_o act_v imperfect_o so_o non_fw-fr es_fw-la ebrius_fw-la quia_fw-la sobrius_fw-la he_o take_v away_o the_o privant_fw-la by_o put_v the_o habit_n sic_fw-la cecum_fw-la esse_fw-la et_fw-la videre_fw-la existat_fw-la igitur_fw-la ex_fw-la hac_fw-la familia_fw-la aliquis_fw-la ac_fw-la potissimum_fw-la caecus_fw-la ille_fw-la let_v blind_a appius_n come_v because_o while_o he_o can_v see_v he_o will_v take_v the_o less_o grief_n at_o she_o so_o pauper_fw-la and_o dive_v mors_fw-la and_o vita_fw-la and_o indeed_o this_o show_n what_o sin_n be_v that_o bring_v death_n a_o privant_fw-la cause_n a_o privant_fw-la effect_n item_n tacere_fw-la et_fw-la loqui_fw-la so_o mortalitas_fw-la be_v the_o privation_n of_o immortality_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o make_v it_o a_o privant_fw-la sed_fw-la dissentaneorum_fw-la categoria_fw-la sic_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n our_o author_n tell_v we_o before_o that_o there_o be_v a_o categorie_n of_o consentany_n show_v we_o where_o aristotle_n ten_o category_n be_v and_o here_o be_v categoremata_fw-la of_o dissentanie_n also_o and_o a_o categoria_fw-la of_o they_o now_o because_o we_o can_v see_v categoria_fw-la or_o argue_v without_o we_o first_o see_v the_o argument_n ergo_fw-la we_o be_v here_o first_o teach_v the_o categoremata_fw-la for_o the_o categorias_fw-la sake_n vnde_fw-la quidvis_fw-la ab_fw-la altero_fw-la differre_fw-la quolibet_fw-la modo_fw-la potest_fw-la vnde_fw-la quidvis_fw-la that_o be_v any_o thing_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v not_o another_o thing_n or_o nothing_o but_o it_o be_v some_o of_o these_o way_n chap._n 18._o de_fw-fr paribus_fw-la argumenta_fw-la simplicia_fw-la it_o a_o fuerunt_fw-la in_o consentaneis_fw-la et_fw-la disentaneis_fw-la comparata_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la comparantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o complete_a and_o as_o it_o be_v first_o in_o the_o cause_n and_o afterward_o with_o his_o compliment_n and_o see_v it_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o it_o be_v not_o another_o thing_n notwithstanding_o we_o come_v now_o to_o see_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o comparison_n betwixt_o it_o and_o another_o thing_n happy_o to_o match_v it_o or_o to_o be_v unequal_a like_a or_o unlike_a now_o while_o we_o see_v thing_n thus_o we_o see_v the_o inside_n &_o outside_n of_o they_o the_o argument_n be_v call_v comparate_v for_o this_o afection_n in_o they_o rest_v as_o it_o be_v to_o argue_v so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v sunder_v as_o for_o example_n lay_v one_o thing_n to_o another_o it_o may_v be_v great_a though_o less_o to_o another_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o these_o do_v not_o look_v at_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v absolute_a but_o as_o they_o be_v lay_v together_o the_o reason_n of_o these_o argument_n in_o nature_n be_v this_o there_o be_v more_o thing_n in_o nature_n than_o there_o be_v degree_n of_o quantity_n or_o resemblance_n of_o similitude_n ergo_fw-la some_o of_o they_o must_v be_v match_n some_o great_a some_o less_o and_o as_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o question_n one_o be_v ask_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o two_o man_n in_o the_o world_n that_o have_v a_o like_a number_n of_o hair_n upon_o their_o head_n he_o say_v yes_o because_o there_o be_v more_o man_n in_o the_o world_n than_o any_o man_n have_v hair_n on_o his_o head_n so_o it_o be_v here_o there_o be_v more_o thing_n in_o nature_n than_o there_o be_v degree_n of_o quantity_n and_o they_o be_v finite_a ergo_fw-la some_o have_v the_o same_o quantity_n and_o some_o have_v not_o and_o again_o because_o some_o thing_n be_v like_o other_o and_o some_o unlike_a ergo_fw-la there_o must_v be_v a_o look_v at_o that_o argumenta_fw-la simplicia_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o be_v a_o transition_n contain_v the_o doctrine_n of_o that_o which_o go_v before_o and_o this_o be_v the_o conclusion_n comparata_fw-la sunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n therefore_o it_o be_v imperfect_a want_v the_o proposition_n the_o name_n come_v of_o con_v and_o paro_fw-la to_o bring_v together_o or_o lay_v together_o so_o that_o howbeit_o the_o denomination_n of_o comparate_v may_v seem_v to_o rise_v principal_o from_o parity_n yet_o we_o must_v take_v they_o more_o general_o because_o imparia_fw-la similia_fw-la and_o dissimilia_fw-la be_v also_o compare_v but_o be_v unmatche_n for_o as_o our_o english_a word_n matches_n may_v be_v take_v for_o equal_a match_n or_o unequal_a so_o may_v the_o latin_a word_n comparata_fw-la be_v take_v for_o paria_fw-la or_o imparia_fw-la etc._n etc._n quae_fw-la compar_fw-la antur_fw-la so_o that_o this_o word_n deliver_v the_o reference_n that_o one_o thing_n not_o be_v another_o have_v to_o it_o by_o way_n of_o reference_n inter_fw-la se_fw-la that_o be_v the_o one_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o other_o and_o the_o other_o with_o that_o and_o both_o comparate_v the_o cause_n be_v of_o the_o effect_n the_o subject_n of_o the_o adjunct_n et_fw-la contra_fw-la dissentany_n have_v one_o denomination_n too_o but_o comparate_v though_o they_o have_v the_o same_o denomination_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o consider_v they_o absolute_a ely_z as_o dissentany_n be_v but_o as_o they_o be_v lay_v one_o to_o another_o and_o the_o other_o to_o it_o quae_fw-la tamet_fw-la si_fw-la ipsa_fw-la comparationis_fw-la natura_fw-la aeque_fw-la nota_fw-la sunt_fw-la attamen_fw-la alterum_fw-la altero_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o comparat_n be_v like_a unto_o dissentany_n in_o this_o that_o they_o be_v aeque_fw-la nota_fw-la natura_fw-la as_o dissentany_n be_v aeque_fw-la manifestae_fw-la but_o though_o they_o be_v so_o yet_o herein_o they_o dissent_v from_o dissentany_n that_o the_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o one_o man_n may_v be_v more_o know_v and_o more_o notable_a than_o the_o other_o so_o that_o though_o they_o be_v aeque_fw-la nota_fw-la natura_fw-la yet_o quoad_fw-la nos_fw-la the_o one_o may_v be_v better_o know_v to_o a_o man_n than_o the_o other_o ergo_fw-la here_o we_o must_v always_o take_v heed_n that_o when_o we_o make_v comparison_n which_o do_v not_o conclude_v but_o illustrate_v as_o they_o say_v that_o we_o take_v our_o comparison_n from_o a_o thing_n as_o well_o or_o better_o know_v to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v than_o the_o thing_n we_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v otherwise_o we_o teach_v sophistical_o and_o break_v this_o rule_n saepeque_fw-la notis_fw-la brevius_fw-la judicantur_fw-la aliquande_fw-la partibus_fw-la plenius_fw-la distinguntur_fw-la again_o this_o be_v general_a to_o all_o comparat_n judicantur_fw-la that_o be_v declare_v show_v paint_a ergo_fw-la he_o say_v rather_o judicantur_fw-la than_o demonstrantur_fw-la notis_n he_o mean_v this_o comparat_n use_v be_v double_a they_o be_v either_o short_a either_o with_o note_n or_o make_v full_a with_o part_n quae_fw-la propositio_fw-la redditioque_fw-la nominantur_fw-la the_o part_n of_o a_o full_a comparison_n be_v these_o where_o the_o proposition_n be_v the_o argument_n argue_v and_o the_o redditio_fw-la the_o aliquid_fw-la atque_fw-la omnino_fw-la comparata_fw-la etiam_fw-la ficta_fw-la arguunt_fw-la fidemque_fw
not_o to_o this_o atque_fw-la ut_fw-la distinctio_fw-la totius_fw-la in_o part_n distributio_fw-la sic_fw-la collectio_fw-la partium_fw-la etc._n etc._n many_o logician_n have_v make_v this_o to_o belong_v to_o argumentatio_fw-la but_o they_o be_v deceive_v for_o they_o belong_v hither_o and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o to_o do_v and_o undo_v to_o divide_v the_o whole_a into_o part_n and_o to_o colligere_fw-la the_o part_n to_o make_v up_o the_o whole_a distributio_fw-la sumitur_fw-la ex_fw-la argumentis_fw-la toti_fw-la quidem_fw-la consentaneis_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la autem_fw-la dissentaneis_fw-la here_o he_o show_v from_o whence_o distribution_n arise_v namely_o from_o consentany_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o part_n with_o the_o whole_a and_o also_o from_o dissentany_n either_o disparate_v or_o contrary_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o part_n between_o themselves_o itaque_fw-la tanto_fw-la accuratior_fw-la erit_fw-la quanto_fw-la partium_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v a_o deduction_n from_o that_o that_o go_v before_o for_o if_o the_o former_a be_v true_a than_o this_o also_o now_o the_o great_a dissension_n be_v of_o contrary_n and_o the_o great_a of_o all_o be_v between_o something_o and_o nothing_o ergo_fw-la to_o distribute_v into_o tricotomy_n and_o quadricotomy_n etc._n etc._n be_v to_o skip_v over_o something_o that_o shall_v be_v teach_v and_o thus_o much_o for_o distribution_n in_o general_n chap._n xvi_o de_fw-fr distributione_n ex_fw-la causis_fw-la distributio_fw-la prima_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la absolute_a consentaneis_fw-la causis_fw-la nempe_fw-la &_o effectis_fw-la concern_v this_o doctrine_n of_o distributio_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v the_o generality_n the_o ground_n from_o whence_o a_o distribution_n do_v arise_v be_v for_o that_o the_o first_o argument_n be_v common_a as_o a_o common_a cause_n may_v be_v distribute_v by_o the_o effect_n in_o like_a sort_n a_o common_a effect_n may_v be_v distribute_v into_o special_a cause_n and_o so_o for_o the_o subject_n and_o adjunct_n so_o that_o beside_o that_o community_n there_o be_v nothing_o new_a in_o this_o second_o invention_n in_o a_o distribution_n we_o observe_v a_o whole_a and_o a_o part_n the_o whole_a contain_v the_o part_n and_o the_o part_n be_v contain_v of_o the_o whole_a ergo_fw-la if_o either_o the_o whole_a contain_v not_o all_o the_o part_n or_o all_o the_o part_n be_v not_o contain_v of_o the_o whole_a there_o will_v be_v no_o distribution_n now_o these_o argument_n do_v arise_v from_o consentany_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o from_o dissentany_n inter_fw-la se_fw-la itaque_fw-la tanto_fw-la accuratior_fw-la erit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ergo_fw-la a_o distribution_n into_o a_o dicotomy_n which_o be_v of_o contrary_n be_v the_o best_a yet_o if_o it_o can_v be_v have_v we_o must_v be_v fain_o to_o make_v a_o tricotomy_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o species_n of_o distribution_n distributio_fw-la prima_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la absolute_a consentaneis_fw-la causis_fw-la nempe_fw-la effectis_fw-la a_o distribution_n be_v a_o derivative_a argument_n from_o cause_n or_o from_o modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la consentaneorum_fw-la ut_fw-la subjectorum_fw-la et_fw-la adjunctorum_fw-la now_o the_o use_n of_o distribution_n be_v this_o that_o we_o may_v range_v every_o thing_n in_o his_o own_o order_n and_o place_n for_o when_o we_o have_v see_v a_o thing_n in_o his_o esse_fw-la and_o bene_fw-la esse_fw-la and_o then_o that_o it_o be_v not_o this_o or_o that_o and_o have_v also_o compare_v it_o with_o other_o thing_n to_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v equal_a or_o unequal_a like_a or_o unlike_a and_o likewise_o have_v give_v it_o a_o name_n in_o the_o next_o place_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o we_o set_v it_o in_o his_o rank_n for_o so_o the_o lord_n have_v range_v every_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n as_o man_n under_o his_o genus_fw-la animal_n for_o the_o lord_n have_v make_v all_o thing_n liable_a to_o our_o logic_n ergo_fw-la they_o must_v be_v range_v under_o some_o head_n that_o we_o may_v see_v how_o they_o agree_v and_o how_o they_o disagree_v distributio_fw-la prima_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n distributio_fw-la be_v double_a as_o i_o say_v before_o ex_fw-la absolute_a consentaneis_fw-la et_fw-la modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la consentaneis_fw-la so_o that_o he_o call_v that_o distribution_n which_o arise_v from_o a_o general_a cause_n and_o a_o general_a effect_n distributio_fw-la prima_fw-la it_o be_v prima_fw-la in_o a_o double_a respect_n first_o because_o causa_fw-la and_o effectum_fw-la be_v prima_fw-la second_o as_o they_o be_v before_o subjectum_fw-la and_o adjunctum_fw-la he_o take_v distributio_fw-la here_o in_o the_o active_a signification_n and_o according_a thereunto_o must_v the_o species_n be_v prosecute_v for_o he_o do_v define_v they_o from_o the_o part_n divide_v for_o the_o notation_n of_o the_o word_n which_o give_v great_a light_n it_o come_v of_o tribuo_fw-la and_o dis_fw-fr as_o if_o it_o signify_v that_o distribution_n that_o justice_n give_v it_o be_v a_o term_n belong_v to_o law_n as_o many_o of_o our_o logical_a term_n do_v and_o here_o it_o signify_v a_o sever_n of_o the_o part_n and_o a_o give_v to_o every_o part_n his_o due_a as_o when_o a_o common_a cause_n be_v distribute_v and_o then_o to_o every_o special_a effect_n his_o own_o cause_n be_v give_v so_o that_o here_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o new_a invention_n but_o this_o distribution_n the_o rest_n be_v the_o first_o invention_n as_o when_o i_o say_v a_o man_n be_v sick_a and_o a_o man_n be_v well_o here_o be_v two_o subject_n and_o two_o adjunct_n but_o when_o i_o say_v of_o man_n some_o be_v sick_a and_o some_o be_v well_o here_o be_v a_o distribution_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o join_v both_o causa_fw-la and_o effectum_fw-la together_o say_v ex_fw-la absolute_a consentaneis_fw-la causis_fw-la nempe_fw-la &_o effectis_fw-la be_v because_o that_o in_o a_o distribution_n as_o there_o be_v part_n so_o there_o be_v a_o whole_a distributio_fw-la be_v both_o active_a and_o passive_a though_o it_o be_v principal_o denominate_v from_o the_o part_n so_o that_o where_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o whole_a there_o the_o effect_n must_v be_v part_n distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la causis_fw-la est_fw-la quando_fw-la part_n sunt_fw-la causae_fw-la totius_fw-la so_o that_o here_o the_o effect_n be_v the_o whole_a and_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o part_n now_o he_o prosecute_v the_o doctrine_n of_o distribution_n by_o the_o part_n because_o he_o go_v according_a to_o the_o act_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o part_n here_o constitute_v the_o whole_a again_o a_o whole_a the_o very_a name_n do_v deny_v a_o distribution_n for_o if_o it_o be_v whole_a it_o be_v not_o distribute_v but_o the_o part_n show_v a_o whole_a ergo_fw-la we_o must_v apply_v distribution_n to_o the_o part_n hence_o distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la causis_fw-la be_v not_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v a_o whole_a but_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v part_n hence_o a_o distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la integro_fw-la be_v before_o a_o distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la genere_fw-la because_o there_o the_o part_n be_v effect_n distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la causis_fw-la be_v here_o the_o first_o invention_n in_o that_o he_o say_v ex_fw-la causis_fw-la the_o second_o invention_n in_o that_o he_o say_v distributio_fw-la again_o there_o be_v the_o first_o invention_n when_o he_o say_v quando_fw-la part_n sunt_fw-la causae_fw-la the_o second_o invention_n when_o he_o say_v quando_fw-la part_n sunt_fw-la causae_fw-la totius_fw-la so_o that_o take_v the_o common_a effect_n and_o make_v it_o a_o whole_a the_o cause_n and_o make_v they_o part_n and_o this_o be_v the_o second_o invention_n hic_fw-la distributio_fw-la integri_fw-la in_o sva_fw-la membra_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la laudatur_fw-la this_o now_o be_v a_o special_a modus_fw-la of_o distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la causis_fw-la there_o may_v be_v a_o distribution_n of_o the_o effect_n by_o the_o efficient_n by_o the_o material_n by_o the_o formal_n and_o from_o the_o end_n but_o he_o do_v not_o stay_v upon_o they_o but_o present_o come_v to_o the_o distributio_fw-la integri_fw-la in_o membrae_fw-la because_o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o of_o more_o practice_n hic_fw-la that_o be_v in_o the_o distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la causis_fw-la so_o that_o membra_fw-la be_v part_n but_o all_o part_n be_v not_o membra_fw-la and_o integrum_fw-la be_v totum_fw-la but_o every_o totum_fw-la be_v not_o integrum_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la laudatur_fw-la why_o because_o it_o be_v of_o so_o great_a use_n second_o because_o it_o be_v more_o secret_a the_o other_o more_o familiar_a integrum_fw-la est_fw-la totum_fw-la cuiparte_v sunt_fw-la essentiales_fw-la the_o integrum_fw-la the_o entire_a as_o we_o call_v it_o be_v totum_fw-la that_o be_v quod_fw-la continet_fw-la part_n ergo_fw-la the_o membra_fw-la must_v be_v contain_v of_o the_o integrum_fw-la give_v thereunto_o both_o portion_n of_o matter_n and_o portion_n of_o form_n hence_o nail_n and_o hair_n be_v not_o membra_fw-la of_o a_o man_n body_n because_o they_o give_v not_o a_o portion_n of_o matter_n and_o form_n to_o it_o cui_fw-la part_n sunt_fw-la essentiales_fw-la so_o then_o if_o the_o member_n be_v essential_a to_o the_o
etc._n etc._n that_o be_v when_o special_a cause_n may_v be_v give_v to_o one_o common_a effect_n for_o as_o integrum_fw-la though_o it_o be_v singular_a yet_o be_v it_o totum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o the_o member_n so_o here_o the_o effect_n be_v make_v of_o their_o genus_fw-la now_o he_o say_v distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la effectis_fw-la because_o it_o arise_v ex_fw-la effectis_fw-la for_o there_o be_v the_o cause_n distribute_v and_o the_o part_n distribute_v so_o that_o here_o we_o may_v see_v why_o these_o argument_n be_v right_o call_v orta_fw-la quando_fw-la part_n sunt_fw-la effecta_fw-la so_o as_o the_o whole_a do_v symbolice_n contain_v the_o cause_n so_o the_o part_n do_v symbolice_n contain_v the_o effect_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v effecta_fw-la we_o hear_v of_o in_o the_o first_o invention_n but_o effecta_fw-la here_o sunt_fw-la part_n this_o be_v the_o second_o invention_n god_n as_o he_o make_v all_o thing_n so_o have_v he_o range_v and_o order_v they_o one_o under_o another_o so_o that_o in_o this_o definition_n this_o be_v all_o the_o part_n be_v the_o effect_n and_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o whole_a mariner_n be_v general_a cause_n but_o they_o have_v special_a effect_n for_o some_o climb_v the_o shroud_n some_o run_v up_o and_o down_o some_o pump_n etc._n etc._n here_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n so_o we_o may_v distribute_v from_o the_o matter_n as_o of_o wood_n be_v make_v a_o wooden_a chest_n or_o table_n or_o stool_n etc._n etc._n so_o from_o the_o form_n as_o we_o may_v from_o the_o genus_fw-la but_o this_o always_o consider_v in_o general_a that_o the_o part_n be_v part_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o that_o they_o be_v homogenie_n part_n for_o if_o we_o shall_v divide_v a_o whole_a into_o part_n and_o particle_n there_o will_v be_v no_o distribution_n as_o if_o a_o man_n body_n be_v anatomize_v because_o the_o particle_n will_v agree_v with_o the_o part_n distributio_fw-la generis_fw-la in_o species_n hic_fw-la excellit_fw-la he_o do_v here_o hasten_v to_o genus_fw-la as_o be_v the_o principal_a thing_n in_o this_o place_n and_o it_o be_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o distribution_n which_o we_o usual_o hear_v of_o and_o which_o we_o have_v so_o often_o in_o school_n of_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n they_o be_v but_o modi_fw-la of_o a_o distribution_n ex_fw-la effectis_fw-la and_o it_o be_v true_a and_o whilst_o the_o common_a logician_n see_v not_o this_o they_o know_v not_o the_o truth_n of_o they_o nor_o their_o original_a and_o this_o make_v they_o to_o begin_v with_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n in_o their_o logic_n so_o they_o know_v they_o not_o in_o their_o cause_n but_o only_o in_o their_o second_o nature_n hic_fw-la excellit_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v this_o be_v the_o chief_a modus_fw-la in_o this_o distribution_n genus_fw-la genus_fw-la signify_v first_o a_o stock_n or_o kindred_n now_o because_o all_o the_o species_n come_v from_o one_o root_n as_o a_o family_n come_v from_o one_o stock_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v call_v genus_fw-la or_o as_o the_o parent_n be_v cause_n of_o their_o child_n so_o be_v genus_fw-la cause_n of_o the_o species_n so_o the_o hiraclide_n be_v they_o that_o come_v of_o hiracles_fw-mi species_n this_o signify_v in_o the_o original_a the_o countenance_n of_o a_o thing_n nâ—w_o we_o come_v to_o see_v nothing_o but_o singular_n ergo_fw-la individua_fw-la and_o species_n infimae_fw-la be_v proper_o species_n it_o come_v of_o a_o old_a verb_n specio_fw-la or_o spicio_fw-la species_n it_o be_v that_o which_o be_v look_v on_o excellit_fw-la that_o be_v of_o principal_a use_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n thereof_o the_o lord_n have_v range_v all_o thing_n under_o his_o own_o general_n but_o this_o kind_n of_o range_v be_v more_o general_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o genus_fw-la give_v essence_n to_o the_o species_n it_o draw_v the_o species_n with_o it_o wheresoever_o it_o go_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o wheresoever_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o any_o thing_n be_v teach_v there_o a_o so_o must_v the_o species_n be_v teach_v and_o this_o be_v the_o father_n of_o predicament_n so_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o be_v under_o a_o genus_fw-la but_o genus_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la genus_fw-la est_fw-la totum_fw-la partibus_fw-la essentiale_fw-la totum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la continet_fw-la part_n for_o the_o part_n we_o hear_v be_v hold_v together_o in_o the_o whole_a for_o before_o whilst_o the_o member_n do_v contribute_v every_o one_o a_o portion_n of_o matter_n and_o form_n they_o make_v up_o the_o whole_a now_o genus_fw-la be_v totum_fw-la but_o contrary_a to_o integrum_fw-la for_o there_o the_o integrum_fw-la have_v his_o whole_a matter_n and_o form_n from_o the_o member_n but_o the_o genus_fw-la comprehend_v the_o species_n in_o a_o common_a matter_n and_o in_o a_o common_a form_n totum_fw-la essentiale_fw-la by_o this_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o which_o give_v essence_n that_o be_v matter_n and_o form_n so_o that_o integrum_fw-la do_v contain_v all_o that_o the_o member_n have_v but_o the_o genus_fw-la do_v not_o contain_v all_o that_o the_o species_n have_v so_o that_o though_o all_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v in_o the_o species_n yet_o the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o species_n be_v not_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la when_o i_o say_v totum_fw-la essentiale_fw-la i_o say_v two_o thing_n first_o that_o genus_fw-la be_v a_o totum_fw-la second_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la but_o be_v also_o in_o the_o species_n object_n but_o how_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o genus_fw-la give_v essence_n to_o the_o species_n whereas_o they_o have_v more_o in_o they_o than_o the_o genus_fw-la answ_n to_o contain_v be_v to_o hold_v together_o now_o because_o the_o species_n agree_v in_o one_o common_a matter_n and_o a_o common_a form_n as_o in_o uno_fw-la puncto_fw-la ergo_fw-la genus_fw-la do_v contain_v they_o so_o that_o reciprocation_n here_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o by_o their_o hypostatical_a union_n the_o specius_fw-la be_v make_v one_o in_o their_o genus_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o genus_fw-la must_v agree_v with_o the_o species_n therefore_o if_o any_o in_o distribute_v shall_v make_v any_o part_n as_o large_a as_o the_o genus_fw-la as_o logician_n distribute_v genus_fw-la into_o perfectum_fw-la and_o imperfectum_fw-la they_o make_v species_n totum_fw-la and_z not_o genus_fw-la so_o ens_fw-la be_v substantia_fw-la or_o accidens_fw-la will_v not_o come_v into_o any_o art_n for_o the_o part_n be_v consentany_n inter_fw-la se_fw-la be_v subjectum_fw-la and_o adjunctum_fw-la partibus_fw-la pars_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la continetur_fw-la non_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o toto_fw-la tâ—tâ—m_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la continet_fw-la as_o be_v the_o common_a punctum_fw-la wherein_o the_o part_n meet_v together_o he_o say_v also_o partibus_fw-la non_fw-la parti_fw-la species_n est_fw-la pars_fw-la generis_fw-la pars_fw-la we_o hear_v before_o generis_fw-la so_o that_o as_o membrum_fw-la be_v pars_fw-la integri_fw-la not_o generis_fw-la so_o species_n est_fw-la pars_fw-la generis_fw-la not_o integri_fw-la so_o that_o they_o which_o divide_v part_n into_o integral_n or_o simular_a understand_v not_o logic_n for_o a_o part_n simular_a be_v nothing_o but_o species_n which_o be_v pars_fw-la generis_fw-la as_o a_o pan_n of_o water_n &_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n be_v genus_fw-la &_o species_n a_o bone_n and_o a_o part_n of_o a_o bone_n be_v also_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n now_o they_o call_v it_o simular_a because_o they_o have_v the_o same_o denomination_n why_o so_o genus_fw-la do_v predicare_fw-la re_fw-la et_fw-la nomine_fw-la as_o they_o say_v pars_fw-la generis_fw-la here_o observe_v that_o species_n have_v reference_n only_o to_o genus_fw-la and_o so_o genus_fw-la to_o species_n even_o as_o causa_fw-la be_v effecti_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o subjectum_fw-la adjuncti_fw-la subjectum_fw-la for_o they_o be_v relate_v ergo_fw-la can_v repeat_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o one_o another_o so_o again_o genus_fw-la be_v totum_fw-la not_o speciei_fw-la but_o specierum_fw-la ergo_fw-la when_o we_o give_v a_o double_a face_n to_o he_o we_o make_v he_o like_o janus_n with_o a_o double_a forehead_n for_o they_o make_v the_o same_o species_n to_o be_v species_n to_o two_o thing_n species_n therefore_o be_v generis_fw-la species_n as_o one_o son_n be_v but_o son_n of_o one_o father_n now_o this_o be_v their_o trouble_n that_o they_o can_v distribute_v a_o species_n into_o individua_fw-la because_o say_v they_o individua_fw-la do_v but_o differre_fw-la numero_fw-la what_o be_v that_o defer_fw-la numero_fw-la be_v proper_o to_o reckon_v up_o or_o make_v a_o induction_n of_o the_o individua_fw-la to_o make_v up_o the_o species_n again_o when_o we_o distribute_v that_o species_n into_o all_o his_o individua_fw-la there_o be_v a_o distribution_n for_o there_o be_v a_o totum_fw-la and_o
quidres_n sit_fw-la we_o hear_v that_o the_o argument_n arise_v manifold_o be_v distribution_n and_o definition_n now_o definition_n arise_v as_o it_o shall_v fall_v out_o either_o from_o agreer_n or_o disagreer_n comparate_v or_o orta_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o arise_v from_o more_o argument_n than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v after_o all_o the_o rest_n though_o in_o lay_v down_o a_o art_n it_o will_v have_v the_o first_o place_n because_o if_o it_o be_v a_o perfect_a definition_n it_o lay_v out_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n immediate_o if_o it_o be_v a_o description_n it_o lay_v down_o the_o quantity_n etc._n etc._n a_o definition_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o box_n that_o lay_v up_o all_o the_o rule_n follow_v in_o the_o art_n even_o as_o the_o body_n do_v the_o member_n definitio_fw-la for_o the_o name_n we_o know_v finis_fw-la be_v terminus_fw-la and_o belong_v to_o geometry_n we_o hear_v it_o borrow_v from_o thence_o into_o logic_n to_o signify_v a_o cause_n here_o it_o signify_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o that_o definire_fw-la be_v to_o set_v down_o the_o extreme_a or_o utmost_a point_n of_o a_o thing_n ergo_fw-la it_o must_v be_v reciprocal_a with_o the_o thing_n define_v else_o can_v it_o not_o define_v it_o for_o if_o the_o definitum_fw-la be_v large_a than_o the_o definitio_fw-la than_o it_o out-reacheth_a the_o limit_n of_o the_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v less_o than_o it_o lay_v not_o out_o the_o essence_n full_o cum_fw-la explicatur_fw-la so_o that_o definitio_fw-la do_v lay_v abroad_o explicatio_fw-la be_v a_o lay_v abroad_o the_o quiddity_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o that_o he_o say_v definitio_fw-la do_v explicare_fw-la he_o mean_v all_o the_o argument_n before_o be_v clap_v together_o in_o the_o thing_n confuse_o but_o the_o definition_n do_v lay_v they_o abroad_o as_o in_o this_o word_n dialectica_fw-la there_o be_v a_o synopsis_n of_o all_o logic_n but_o when_o i_o say_v it_o be_v ars_fw-la bene_fw-la disserendi_fw-la here_o the_o definition_n lay_v out_o all_o more_o at_o large_a the_o definite_a be_v like_o a_o pedlar_n pack_n wherein_o his_o point_n pin_n knife_n etc._n etc._n be_v shut_v up_o altogether_o and_o the_o definitio_fw-la be_v like_o the_o lay_n of_o they_o out_o or_o show_v of_o they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v sell_v they_o the_o one_o may_v likewise_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o garment_n fold_v up_o the_o other_o to_o a_o garment_n spread_v abroad_o at_o large_a quid._n that_o be_v the_o essence_n for_o as_o in_o a_o perfect_a definition_n we_o may_v gather_v the_o other_o argument_n of_o a_o thing_n from_o the_o cause_n so_o in_o a_o description_n we_o may_v gather_v the_o cause_n from_o other_o argument_n this_o entity_n therefore_o or_o essence_n the_o definition_n always_o look_v at_o another_o difference_n of_o the_o definitum_fw-la and_o the_o definitio_fw-la be_v that_o the_o definitum_fw-la be_v ens_fw-la and_o the_o definitio_fw-la be_v essentia_fw-la res._n that_o be_v the_o ens_fw-la the_o subject_n of_o the_o general_a art_n that_o be_v aliquid_fw-la in_o the_o definition_n of_o argumentum_fw-la eaque_fw-la vicissim_fw-la definitio_fw-la argui_fw-la potest_fw-la as_o the_o definite_a call_v before_o res_fw-la may_v be_v argue_v a_o definitione_n so_o contra_fw-la though_o the_o definitio_fw-la be_v more_o often_o bring_v to_o argue_v the_o definite_a than_o contra_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o have_v the_o name_n definition_n not_o from_o definitum_fw-la but_o from_o the_o definitio_fw-la object_n kickerman_n say_v ramus_n will_v have_v definitio_fw-la both_o a_o argument_n and_o a_o axiom_n answ_n no_o we_o make_v it_o a_o argument_n when_o we_o speak_v proper_o we_o make_v it_o a_o axiom_n when_o we_o speak_v synecdochichos_n definitio_fw-la est_fw-la perfecta_fw-la aut_fw-la imperfecta_fw-la this_o distribution_n be_v now_o to_o good_a purpose_n for_o the_o school_n have_v not_o agree_v at_o any_o time_n of_o any_o perfect_a definition_n as_o they_o say_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n rationale_fw-la this_o be_v not_o a_o perfect_a definition_n ergo_fw-la some_o do_v add_v mortale_fw-la some_o capax_fw-la disciplinae_fw-la some_o both_o so_o that_o indeed_o we_o can_v give_v a_o perfect_a definition_n of_o any_o thing_n ergo_fw-la because_o it_o be_v so_o hard_a to_o find_v the_o special_a form_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o have_v a_o imperfect_a one_o to_o grope_v out_o the_o form_n thereby_o else_o we_o shall_v be_v undo_v if_o we_o can_v no_o way_n look_v at_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n we_o see_v the_o quiddity_n lay_v out_o perfect_o by_o a_o perfect_a definition_n and_o imperfect_o by_o a_o imperfect_a definition_n illa_fw-la proprie_fw-la definitio_fw-la haec_fw-la descriptio_fw-la dicitur_fw-la where_o we_o may_v see_v that_o perfecta_fw-la definitio_fw-la be_v proper_o the_o species_n of_o this_o definition_n and_o that_o the_o definition_n before_o be_v synecdochichal_a now_o that_o explio_fw-la catio_fw-la of_o the_o thing_n be_v perfect_a or_o imperfect_a the_o one_o call_v definitio_fw-la the_o other_o descriptio_fw-la the_o one_o contain_v the_o limitation_n of_o the_o essence_n the_o other_o the_o limitation_n of_o the_o quantity_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o have_v a_o essence_n distinct_a from_o itself_o must_v be_v limit_v ergo_fw-la may_v be_v define_v ergo_fw-la have_v their_o perfect_a definition_n though_o we_o can_v see_v what_o their_o form_n be_v definitio_fw-la perfecta_fw-la est_fw-la definitio_fw-la constancy_n solis_fw-la causis_fw-la essentiam_fw-la constituentibus_fw-la the_o reason_n be_v because_o it_o stand_v of_o more_o part_n namely_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o form_n lay_v out_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o thing_n ecausis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o do_v give_v existere_fw-la to_o the_o definite_a solis_fw-la because_o no_o other_o argument_n come_v in_o a_o perfect_a definition_n essentiam_fw-la constituentibus_fw-la that_o be_v materia_fw-la and_o forma_fw-la but_o materia_fw-la be_v include_v in_o genere_fw-la so_o that_o definitio_fw-la be_v ortum_fw-la double_o now_o there_o be_v four_o cause_n which_o give_v esse_fw-la but_o two_o of_o they_o only_o give_v essence_n so_o that_o the_o effect_n have_v his_o substance_n from_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n not_o from_o the_o other_o cause_n quales_fw-la causa_fw-la genere_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la comprehenduntur_fw-la ramus_n do_v commorari_fw-la upon_o this_o doctrine_n show_v that_o a_o perfect_a definition_n do_v lay_v out_o the_o substantial_a quiddity_n of_o a_o thing_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o say_v genere_fw-la and_o not_o materia_fw-la simple_o but_o materia_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o genere_fw-la be_v this_o because_o the_o genus_fw-la contain_v not_o only_o the_o matter_n but_o also_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o form_n the_o general_a form_n ergo_fw-la it_o must_v be_v the_o next_o genus_fw-la that_o we_o must_v bring_v in_o a_o perfect_a definition_n for_o if_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v more_o remote_a than_o the_o form_n of_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la must_v be_v leave_v out_o but_o if_o we_o take_v the_o next_o genus_fw-la than_o we_o bring_v in_o all_o above_o it_o et_fw-la forma_fw-la comprehenduntur_fw-la that_o be_v the_o special_a form_n the_o reason_n in_o nature_n be_v this_o we_o find_v that_o the_o totum_fw-la be_v not_o subsistent_a but_o in_o singularibus_fw-la now_o we_o find_v moreover_o that_o singular_n have_v that_o whereby_o they_o be_v singular_n beside_o for_o else_o one_o singular_a can_v not_o be_v destinct_n from_o another_o ergo_fw-la every_o singular_a must_v have_v his_o peculiar_a form_n and_o also_o his_o matter_n not_o as_o it_o be_v a_o first_o argument_n but_o as_o it_o be_v symbolice_n in_o genere_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o aenimali_fw-la &_o pars_fw-la formae_fw-la he_o mean_v of_o the_o general_a form_n for_o anima_fw-la vegetativa_fw-la and_o sensitiva_fw-la be_v the_o form_n of_o vivens_fw-la and_o so_o of_o animal_n totam_fw-la formam_fw-la hominis_fw-la as_o if_o the_o form_n of_o man_n do_v consist_v of_o these_o as_o of_o part_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o the_o truth_n be_v this_o there_o be_v in_o some_o thing_n a_o simple_a life_n in_o some_o thing_n more_o life_n as_o anima_fw-la vegetativa_fw-la be_v first_o in_o planta_fw-la now_o animal_n have_v that_o and_o somewhat_o more_o namely_o sensitiva_fw-la and_o man_n have_v both_o they_o and_o also_o reason_n so_o that_o one_o of_o the_o species_n have_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o the_o genus_fw-la have_v namely_o vivens_fw-la and_o planta_fw-la for_o planta_fw-la be_v vivens_fw-la quae_fw-la vivit_fw-la vitam_fw-la tantum_fw-la vegetativam_fw-la and_o so_o be_v vivens_fw-la only_o tantum_fw-la make_v the_o difference_n from_o other_o now_o from_o this_o discourse_n he_o gather_v that_o a_o definition_n be_v universale_fw-la symbolum_fw-la not_o that_o singular_n can_v be_v perfect_o define_v as_o well_o as_o universals_z but_o he_o mean_v it_o be_v a_o symbolum_fw-la contain_v universal_o the_o cause_n constitute_v the_o essence_n so_o that_o the_o individuum_fw-la have_v
the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o every_o genus_fw-la above_o he_o ergo_fw-la it_o be_v universale_fw-la in_o this_o respect_n have_v his_o peculiar_a form_n add_v to_o they_o naturam_fw-la here_o we_o may_v see_v what_o nature_n be_v in_o thing_n proper_o some_o make_v the_o form_n only_o to_o be_v nature_n some_o the_o matter_n only_o and_o some_o both_o form_n and_o matter_n here_o we_o see_v the_o essence_n and_o nature_n be_v all_o one_o in_o the_o first_o signification_n natura_fw-la signify_v res_fw-la nata_fw-la second_o it_o signify_v res_fw-la underes_fw-la nata_fw-la est_fw-la that_o be_v the_o cause_n so_o that_o here_o know_v that_o the_o cause_n be_v put_v all_o thing_n attend_v they_o follow_v for_o so_o natura_fw-la be_v take_v for_o the_o property_n of_o a_o thing_n e_z qui_fw-fr that_fw-mi formam_fw-la that_fw-mi formam_fw-la consequentiam_fw-la so_o that_o a_o perfect_a definition_n do_v deliver_v whatsoever_o come_v within_o the_o mame_n of_o nature_n tale_n definitiones_fw-la sunt_fw-la artium_fw-la no_o not_o tale_n if_o we_o shall_v exact_o try_v they_o by_o this_o rule_n but_o they_o be_v the_o best_a example_n now_o arse_n be_v not_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la to_o grammar_n neither_o be_v be_v loqui_fw-la the_o form_n but_o the_o end_n of_o grammar_n but_o he_o tell_v we_o hereby_o that_o there_o be_v a_o soul_n of_o grammar_n which_o be_v in_o every_o rule_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o simular_a part_n of_o the_o art_n tend_v to_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la chap._n xxxi_o de_fw-fr descriptiono_fw-la descriptio_fw-la est_fw-la definitio_fw-la ex_fw-la alliis_fw-la etiam_fw-la argumentis_fw-la rem_fw-la definiens_fw-la this_o we_o hear_v to_o be_v general_o call_v definitio_fw-la so_o that_o it_o do_v quodam_fw-la modo_fw-la definire_fw-la but_o as_o definitio_fw-la in_o general_a before_o be_v a_o trope_n so_o descriptio_fw-la be_v not_o a_o definition_n but_o as_o it_o do_v explicate_v quid_fw-la res_fw-la sit_fw-la not_o definiendo_fw-la from_o the_o essence_n but_o describendo_fw-la from_o the_o quantity_n so_o that_o the_o definitio_fw-la lay_v out_o the_o flesh_n bone_n etc._n etc._n and_o descriptio_fw-la lay_v out_o the_o compliment_n the_o definition_n be_v internal_a the_o description_n be_v but_o external_a limit_v the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v with_o chalk_n the_o description_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o carpenter_n chalk_v the_o definition_n to_o the_o thing_n chalk_v and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o thing_n itself_o lay_v out_o the_o quiddity_n of_o it_o better_o than_o the_o chalk_n do_v by_o so_o much_o be_v a_o perfect_a definition_n more_o excellent_a than_o a_o description_n so_o that_o here_o remember_v that_o howbeit_o a_o description_n can_v see_v the_o argument_n lay_v out_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o thing_n yet_o the_o intendment_n of_o it_o be_v to_o do_v it_o est_fw-la definitio_fw-la that_o be_v rem_fw-la definiens_fw-la that_o be_v quidditatem_fw-la rei_fw-la explicans_fw-la exit_fw-la aliis_fw-la etiam_fw-la argumentis_fw-la that_o be_v other_o beside_o the_o causis_fw-la so_o that_o a_o description_n must_v have_v a_o genus_fw-la with_o it_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o genus_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la that_o have_v no_o genus_fw-la again_o he_o say_v ex_fw-la aliis_fw-la not_o tell_v we_o which_o because_o any_o of_o the_o argument_n a_o forego_n may_v go_v into_o it_o even_o a_o distribution_n yea_o a_o testimonony_n also_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o descrption_n of_o fama_fw-la so_o that_o it_o may_v arise_v from_o in_o artificial_o yet_o must_v it_o not_o be_v teach_v after_o they_o because_o artificial_o must_v have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o inartificial_o atque_fw-la haec_fw-la succincta_fw-la brevitas_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la specie_fw-la perpetua_fw-la sed_fw-la saepe_fw-la illustriorem_fw-la &_o magnificentiorem_fw-la explicationem_fw-la desiderat_fw-la our_o author_n do_v commorari_fw-la upon_o the_o use_n of_o a_o description_n show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o brief_a as_o before_o but_o sometime_o we_o shall_v lay_v it_o out_o in_o all_o the_o simples_n in_o the_o thing_n sed_fw-la saepè_fw-la illustriorem_fw-la &_o magnificentiorem_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v when_o we_o deliver_v thing_n that_o be_v magis_fw-la illustriora_fw-la et_fw-la magnificentiora_fw-la it_o be_v requisite_a we_o shall_v lay_v they_o out_o more_o at_o large_a than_o those_o that_o be_v of_o less_o moment_n sic_fw-la gloria_fw-la describitur_fw-la in_o miloniaena_fw-la sed_fw-la tamen_fw-la ex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la praemiis_fw-la virtutis_fw-la si_fw-la esset_fw-la habenda_fw-la ratio_fw-la praemiorum_fw-la amplissimum_fw-la esse_fw-la praemium_fw-la gloriam_fw-la etc._n etc._n glory_n be_v argue_v from_o his_o genus_fw-la praemium_fw-la praemium_fw-la from_o his_o subject_n virtus_fw-la then_o à _fw-la comparatis_fw-la amplissimum_fw-la last_o ab_fw-la effectis_fw-la sic_fw-la 4._o aeneid_n fama_fw-la discribitur_fw-la extemplo_fw-la libyae_n magnas_fw-la ut_fw-la fama_fw-la per_fw-la urbes_fw-la fama_fw-la malum_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la aliud_fw-la velocius_fw-la ullum_fw-la etc._n etc._n fama_fw-la be_v the_o aliquid_fw-la argue_v by_o her_o effect_n of_o go_v than_o the_o subject_n of_o place_n urbes_fw-la and_o magnas_fw-la a_o adjunct_n to_o urbes_fw-la urbes_fw-la libya_n the_o integrum_fw-la extemplo_fw-la a_o adjunct_n of_o time_n malum_fw-la a_o genus_fw-la and_o malum_fw-la be_v argue_v by_o a_o adjunct_n swiftness_n à _fw-la minore_fw-la monstrum_fw-la another_o genus_fw-la horrendum_fw-la a_o adjunct_n mirabile_fw-la dictu_fw-la a_o testimony_n nec_fw-la dulci_fw-la declinat_fw-la somno_fw-la a_o disparate_a tale_n sunt_fw-la descriptiones_fw-la plantarum_fw-la animalium_fw-la in_o physicis_fw-la item_n fluminum_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v when_o we_o lie_v out_o their_o whole_a quiddity_n at_o large_a and_o thus_o have_v we_o see_v all_o the_o artificial_a argument_n that_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n and_o so_o have_v see_v the_o thing_n both_o within_o and_o without_o last_o we_o shall_v hear_v that_o have_v see_v all_o in_o a_o thing_n that_o we_o have_v hear_v before_o then_o may_v we_o safe_o give_v testimony_n of_o it_o as_o we_o see_v occasion_n and_o not_o before_o chap._n xxxii_o de_fw-fr testimonio_fw-la divino_fw-la exposito_fw-la artificiali_fw-la argumento_fw-la sequitur_fw-la inartificiale_a argumentum_fw-la inartificiale_a est_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la suae_fw-la natura_fw-la sed_fw-la assumpta_fw-la artificialis_fw-la alicujus_fw-la argumenti_fw-la vi_fw-la arguit_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v of_o artificial_a argument_n and_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o that_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o artificio_fw-la of_o any_o thing_n but_o we_o have_v hear_v it_o so_o that_o if_o we_o look_v at_o any_o of_o the_o creature_n of_o god_n to_o see_v the_o root_n the_o cause_n of_o it_o and_o then_o the_o whole_a circumference_n and_o limitation_n thereof_o we_o may_v by_o these_o argument_n teach_v before_o see_v it_o thorough_o now_o whereas_o one_o man_n can_v see_v all_o thing_n though_o at_o the_o first_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v for_o one_o man_n the_o lord_n have_v in_o wisdom_n ordain_v that_o we_o shall_v receive_v something_n by_o report_n from_o other_o for_o as_o the_o world_n be_v to_o increase_v both_o in_o man_n and_o other_o creature_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o one_o man_n shall_v see_v all_o thing_n intus_fw-la &_o incute_fw-la so_o that_o whereas_o at_o the_o beginning_n all_o thing_n be_v make_v for_o one_o man_n and_o he_o afterward_o can_v not_o see_v they_o yet_o still_o it_o be_v so_o far_o forth_o true_a while_o all_o man_n see_v all_o thing_n it_o be_v call_v inartificiale_a for_o the_o contrary_a reason_n that_o artificiale_a be_v so_o call_v namely_o of_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n whereas_o this_o be_v not_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o externè_fw-la altogether_o so_o that_o we_o may_v see_v his_o force_n by_o this_o have_v no_o far_a to_o do_v with_o the_o thing_n then_o only_o by_o witness_v of_o it_o exposito_fw-la artificiali_fw-la argumento_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o transition_n contain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o that_o go_v before_o and_o the_o proposition_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v and_o here_o again_o we_o may_v see_v how_o artificial_a argument_n go_v before_o inartificial_o because_o inartificiall_a argument_n have_v no_o ground_n but_o as_o they_o be_v back_v with_o artificial_o and_o this_o doctrine_n we_o may_v see_v to_o be_v true_a by_o the_o practice_n of_o common_a people_n for_o if_o a_o man_n give_v testimony_n of_o that_o he_o know_v not_o other_o will_v say_v he_o do_v he_o know_v not_o what_o for_o as_o no_o man_n can_v give_v testimony_n of_o that_o he_o know_v not_o so_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o receive_v a_o testimony_n but_o as_o it_o be_v back_v with_o artificial_o otherwise_o he_o know_v not_o the_o thing_n sufficient_o as_o he_o shall_v and_o if_o he_o first_o hear_v a_o testimony_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o afterward_o come_v to_o see_v the_o thing_n he_o will_v then_o say_v he_o know_v it_o not_o because_o one_o testify_v so_o much_o but_o because_o himself_o see_v it_o to_o be_v so_o it_o
belong_v to_o divinity_n for_o when_o the_o lord_n assure_v man_n by_o his_o spirit_n that_o he_o be_v reconcile_v unto_o he_o his_o will_n say_v present_o fiat_fw-la dictum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o three_o argument_n must_v give_v testimony_n of_o the_o honesty_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n which_o two_o part_n enter_v into_o the_o band_n the_o controversy_n be_v end_v collocato_fw-la here_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o general_a of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o argument_n but_o when_o it_o be_v to_o be_v place_v and_o where_o we_o shall_v hear_v hereafter_o syllogismi_fw-la antecedens_fw-la part_n dvas_fw-la habet_fw-la propositionem_fw-la &_o assumptionem_fw-la he_o do_v not_o define_v antecedence_n and_o consequence_n for_o there_o be_v antecedence_n and_o consequence_n in_o a_o argument_n as_o the_o cause_n be_v before_o the_o effect_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o a_o axiom_n and_o also_o here_o ergo_fw-la they_o be_v voces_fw-la ambiguae_fw-la ergo_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v define_v here_o propositio_fw-la &_o assumptio_fw-la propositio_fw-la be_v oftentimes_o use_v general_o for_o axioma_fw-la but_o it_o name_v a_o axiom_n only_o as_o it_o be_v use_v in_o a_o syllogism_n and_o to_o use_v it_o more_o general_o be_v to_o abuse_v it_o or_o at_o least_o to_o use_v a_o catathristical_a synecdoche_n assumptio_fw-la belong_v hither_o only_o propositio_fw-la est_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la antecedentis_fw-la qua_fw-la questionis_fw-la faltem_fw-la consequens_fw-la cum_fw-la argumento_fw-la disponitur_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o question_n and_o a_o argument_n which_o be_v a_o three_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o two_o in_o the_o question_n but_o he_o call_v it_o not_o a_o three_o before_o because_o in_o a_o composite_a it_o be_v dispose_v with_o the_o whole_a question_n not_o with_o the_o part_n than_o the_o dispositio_fw-la of_o the_o argument_n cum_fw-la quaestione_fw-la be_v not_o at_o random_n but_o so_o as_o there_o will_v be_v a_o antecedent_n and_o a_o consequent_a which_o antecedent_n be_v put_v the_o consequent_a will_v follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o be_v the_o inference_n of_o the_o conclusion_n will_v follow_v of_o necessity_n so_o that_o necessity_n here_o follow_v upon_o the_o inference_n of_o the_o conclusion_n not_o upon_o the_o conclusion_n now_o the_o part_n of_o the_o antecedent_n be_v the_o proposition_n and_o assumption_n for_o so_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o every_o syllogism_n stand_v of_o three_o part_n because_o they_o play_v at_o three_o hand_n and_o there_o must_v be_v two_o part_n of_o the_o antecedent_n because_o the_o argument_n be_v but_o one_o can_v play_v but_o twice_o namely_o with_o the_o two_o part_n of_o the_o question_n and_o therefore_o if_o it_o shall_v play_v the_o three_o time_n it_o must_v play_v with_o itself_o and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o it_o never_o come_v into_o the_o conclusion_n now_o in_o a_o composite_a syllogism_n there_o be_v silent_o contain_v the_o antecedent_n part_n of_o the_o question_n in_o the_o assumption_n though_o it_o be_v not_o express_v now_o the_o common_a logician_n call_v the_o proposition_n the_o major_n propositio_fw-la and_o the_o assumption_n the_o minor_fw-la propositio_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v this_o because_o the_o majus_fw-la extremum_fw-la namely_o the_o consequent_a part_n of_o the_o question_n be_v put_v in_o proposition_n and_o the_o minus_fw-la extremum_fw-la in_o the_o assumption_n for_o as_o touch_v a_o composite_a syllogism_n aristotle_n do_v not_o teach_v one_o word_n of_o it_o now_o ramus_n keep_v these_o term_n propositio_fw-la and_o assumptio_fw-la and_o he_o have_v reason_n for_o use_n have_v take_v up_o these_o word_n in_o good_a author_n for_o these_o thing_n as_o in_o tully_n cornelius_n agricola_n and_o other_o logician_n that_o follow_v the_o more_o pure_a latin_a and_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o for_o that_o which_o they_o call_v propositio_fw-la there_o be_v a_o thing_n propound_v to_o he_o with_o who_o we_o dispute_v and_o then_o the_o former_a be_v grant_v i_o do_v assume_v as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o proposition_n the_o assumption_n so_o the_o greek_n call_v propositio_fw-la prothesis_n and_o assumptio_fw-la hypothesis_n though_o i_o find_v some_o of_o they_o that_o call_v the_o proposition_n thesis_fw-la whereas_o the_o question_n be_v the_o thesis_fw-la now_o propositio_fw-la be_v that_o which_o be_v propound_v and_o carry_v a_o show_n of_o truth_n with_o it_o ergo_fw-la we_o seldom_o deny_v the_o proposition_n but_o rather_o the_o assumption_n or_o else_o distinguish_v of_o it_o ergo_fw-la our_o chief_a care_n must_v be_v of_o the_o assumption_n to_o discern_v truth_n and_o falsehood_n in_o that_o est_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la antecedentis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o question_n with_o the_o argument_n must_v have_v a_o proposition_n and_o that_o must_v be_v place_v first_o so_o that_o that_o which_o we_o shall_v hear_v of_o more_o particular_o hereafter_o here_o we_o hear_v it_o more_o general_o namely_o that_o it_o must_v be_v prima_fw-la pars_fw-la qua_fw-la questionis_fw-la saltem_fw-la consequens_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o this_o proposition_n there_o be_v a_o disposition_n of_o the_o question_n with_o the_o argument_n saltem_fw-la consequens_fw-la he_o speak_v this_o because_o whether_o our_o syllogism_n be_v simple_a or_o composite_a the_o consequent_a part_n of_o the_o question_n be_v in_o the_o proposition_n he_o say_v saltem_fw-la because_o the_o whole_a question_n be_v in_o the_o proposition_n of_o a_o composite_a syllogism_n ergo_fw-la the_o consequent_a part_n therefore_o observe_v this_o general_o in_o every_o proposition_n there_o be_v the_o consequens_fw-la quaestionis_fw-la dispose_v with_o the_o antecedent_n therefore_o whereas_o we_o hear_v before_o that_o a_o syllogism_n be_v qua_fw-la quaestio_fw-la cum_fw-la argumento_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o we_o hear_v that_o propositio_fw-la est_fw-la qua_fw-la quaestionis_fw-la saltem_fw-la consequens_fw-la cum_fw-la argumento_fw-la disponitur_fw-la assumptio_fw-la est_fw-la secunda_fw-la pars_fw-la antecedentis_fw-la quae_fw-la assumitur_fw-la e_fw-la propositione_n assumptio_fw-la the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o antecedent_n part_n be_v call_v assumptio_fw-la because_o adsumitur_fw-la it_o be_v take_v to_o the_o proposition_n for_o the_o proposition_n be_v settle_v we_o take_v the_o assumption_n out_o of_o it_o be_v more_o general_a i_o be_v wont_a to_o compare_v the_o proposition_n to_o a_o cow_n and_o the_o assumption_n to_o her_o calf_n that_o be_v take_v out_o of_o of_o she_o and_o go_v by_o her_o side_n est_fw-la secunda_fw-la pars_fw-la antecedentis_fw-la propositio_fw-la be_v before_o for_o in_o the_o question_n the_o consequent_a part_n be_v more_o general_a or_o at_o least_o equal_a to_o the_o antecedent_n quatenus_fw-la it_o be_v a_o axiom_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o proposition_n that_o contain_v the_o consequent_a part_n of_o the_o question_n with_o the_o three_o argument_n be_v more_o general_a than_o the_o assumption_n and_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a namely_o the_o three_o argument_n as_o si_fw-mi socrates_n est_fw-la animal_n est_fw-la substantia_fw-la at_o si_fw-la socrates_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n ergo_fw-la again_o here_o lie_v another_o reason_n qua_fw-la assumitur_fw-la è_fw-la propositione_n ergo_fw-la the_o proposition_n must_v be_v more_o capacious_a or_o at_o least_o equal_a as_o where_o the_o proposition_n and_o assumption_n shall_v be_v reciprocal_a for_o we_o can_v take_v two_o out_o of_o one_o assumitur_fw-la because_o when_o the_o proposition_n shall_v be_v grant_v than_o i_o will_v take_v my_o assumption_n out_o of_o it_o so_o that_o this_o be_v general_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o assumption_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o proposition_n this_o be_v the_o dianoia_fw-la of_o it_o qua_fw-la aliud_fw-la axioma_fw-la ex_fw-la alio_fw-la deducitur_fw-la it_o be_v as_o a_o case_n of_o box_n where_o one_o be_v take_v out_o of_o another_o now_o if_o the_o assumption_n be_v not_o take_v out_o of_o the_o proposition_n than_o it_o be_v not_o ad_fw-la idem_fw-la ergo_fw-la baculus_fw-la stat_fw-la in_o angulo_fw-la syllogismi_fw-la autem_fw-la pars_fw-la consequens_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la complectitur_fw-la part_n quaestionis_fw-la eamqueconcludit_fw-la unde_fw-la complexio_fw-la &_o conclusio_fw-la dicitur_fw-la so_o that_o we_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o we_o have_v not_o more_o in_o the_o conclusion_n than_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n for_o as_o it_o be_v a_o fallace_n if_o the_o assumption_n be_v not_o take_v out_o of_o the_o proposition_n so_o be_v it_o also_o here_o if_o any_o thing_n come_v into_o the_o conclusion_n beside_o the_o question_n if_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o other_o thing_n it_o will_v be_v either_o a_o heterozetesis_n when_o the_o question_n be_v not_o conclude_v as_o the_o school_n say_v it_o be_v not_o adrem_fw-la or_o else_o apoluzetesis_n i._o conclude_v many_o question_n in_o one_o ergo_fw-la a_o heterozetesis_n and_o apoluzetesis_n err_v against_o this_o rule_n eamque_fw-la concludit_fw-la the_o three_o argument_n can_v never_o come_v into_o the_o conclusion_n in_o a_o simple_a
sillogism_n the_o three_o argument_n be_v bring_v as_o a_o candle_n to_o see_v how_o it_o play_v with_o the_o consequent_a part_n of_o the_o question_n in_o the_o proposition_n and_o with_o the_o antecedent_n in_o the_o assumption_n and_o then_o the_o question_n be_v conclude_v in_o a_o composite_a syllogism_n we_o repeat_v the_o three_o argument_n in_o the_o assumption_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v mark_v this_o this_o be_v it_o that_o show_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o question_n concludit_fw-la that_o be_v shut_v they_o together_o in_o the_o axiom_n but_o if_o they_o dissent_v it_o sever_v thing_n vnde_fw-la complexio_fw-la &_o conclusio_fw-la dicitur_fw-la these_o be_v logical_a term_n which_o he_o bring_v to_o show_v we_o how_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v have_v divers_a name_n and_o hitherto_o we_o have_v hear_v general_o de_fw-la syllogismus_fw-la &_o ejus_fw-la partibus_fw-la now_o there_o be_v certain_a property_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o syllogism_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hiding_n for_o many_o time_n in_o our_o dispute_n we_o hide_v some_o part_n now_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o be_v indeed_o the_o distraction_n of_o our_o understanding_n for_o many_o time_n we_o hasten_v to_o be_v at_o the_o conclusion_n without_o any_o reason_n sometime_o we_o touch_v the_o reason_n without_o the_o conclusion_n and_o again_o many_o time_n we_o touch_v all_o the_o part_n but_o disorderly_o therefore_o this_o be_v in_o use_n we_o must_v have_v a_o doctrine_n thereof_o si_fw-mi qua_fw-la pars_fw-la syllogismi_fw-la defuerit_fw-la enthymema_fw-la dicitur_fw-la this_o by_o the_o common_a logician_n be_v make_v a_o special_a kind_n of_o argumentation_n but_o they_o mistake_v it_o for_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o syllogism_n want_v a_o leg_n as_o if_o a_o man_n want_v a_o leg_n be_v not_o a_o man_n so_o be_v this_o a_o syllogism_n though_o it_o be_v lame_a again_o in_o grammar_n we_o say_v quod_fw-la subintelligitur_fw-la non_fw-la dâ—est_fw-la ergo_fw-la here_o though_o a_o part_n be_v not_o express_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o want_v &_o the_o very_a name_n tell_v i_o as_o much_o it_o come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o ment_fw-la because_o i_o keep_v a_o part_n of_o it_o in_o my_o mind_n and_o even_o as_o in_o arithmetic_n syllogismus_fw-la be_v the_o totum_fw-la so_o enthumema_n be_v the_o reservation_n or_o keep_v of_o one_o in_o my_o mind_n and_o set_v down_o a_o cypher_n so_o that_o that_o retention_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v not_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n of_o argumentatio_fw-la si_fw-mi quid_fw-la praeter_fw-la illas_fw-la tres_fw-la part_n accesserit_fw-la prosyllogismus_fw-la many_o time_n we_o shall_v see_v the_o proposition_n back_v the_o assumption_n back_v and_o the_o conclusion_n back_v with_o a_o three_o argument_n than_o it_o be_v prosyllogismus_fw-la so_o that_o sometime_o as_o we_o be_v too_o straight_o so_o here_o we_o be_v too_o large_a divers_a ramist_n have_v also_o think_v there_o shall_v be_v proaxioma_n as_o tully_n that_o famous_a orator_n of_o rome_n declaim_v against_o verres_n here_o they_o say_v that_o famous_a orator_n of_o rome_n be_v a_o proaxioma_n and_o it_o be_v so_o for_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v add_v in_o a_o axiom_n beside_o the_o antecedent_n and_o consequent_a part_n it_o be_v but_o for_o illustration_n of_o that_o part_n whereunto_o it_o be_v join_v but_o in_o a_o prosyllogism_n there_o be_v a_o three_o argument_n that_o prove_v something_o back_v either_o the_o assumption_n or_o the_o conclusion_n as_o paul_n a_o apostle_n write_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o here_o apostle_n be_v part_n of_o the_o axiom_n and_o from_o that_o name_n he_o be_v enjoin_v to_o write_v that_o they_o call_v sorite_n be_v nothing_o but_o many_o prosyllogism_n one_o back_v another_o and_o one_o back_v the_o principal_a partium_fw-la etiam_fw-la ordo_fw-la saepe_fw-la confunditur_fw-la whereas_o the_o part_n shall_v be_v in_o order_n the_o proposition_n first_o than_o the_o assumption_n and_o last_o the_o conclusion_n sometime_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o assumption_n first_o than_o the_o proposition_n than_o the_o conclusion_n &_o contra_fw-la &_o alternè_fw-la &_o inverse_v as_o socrates_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la quia_fw-la animal_n etc._n etc._n as_o for_o dilemma_n it_o be_v nothing_o but_o syllogismus_fw-la disjunctus_fw-la and_o inductio_fw-la be_v nothing_o but_o a_o collectio_fw-la or_o a_o reason_n from_o the_o part_n to_o the_o whole_a attamen_fw-la si_fw-la qua_fw-la dubitatio_fw-la propterea_fw-la fuerit_fw-la explenda_fw-la quae_fw-la desunt_fw-la amputanda_fw-la quae_fw-la supersunt_fw-la &_o pars_fw-la quae_fw-la libet_fw-la in_o locum_fw-la redigenda_fw-la est_fw-la if_o any_o part_n be_v want_v so_o that_o some_o scruple_n may_v arise_v thereof_o set_v it_o down_o if_o there_o be_v more_o than_o needs_o take_v they_o away_o for_o the_o time_n if_o any_o part_n be_v disorder_v set_v they_o at_o right_n first_o the_o proposition_n than_o the_o assumption_n and_o last_o the_o conclusion_n chap._n x._o de_fw-fr syllogismo_fw-la simplici_fw-la contracto_fw-la syllogismus_fw-la est_fw-la simplex_fw-la aut_fw-la compositus_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o what_o it_o serve_v for_o namely_o to_o manifest_v a_o doubtful_a axiom_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o species_n of_o a_o syllogism_n est_fw-la simplex_fw-la aut_fw-la compositus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o have_v hear_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n that_o it_o be_v a_o brief_a of_o that_o which_o be_v more_o large_o deliver_v now_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o stoic_n call_v it_o a_o fist_n for_o it_o be_v not_o general_o of_o logic_n but_o belong_v to_o a_o syllogism_n these_o name_n simplex_fw-la and_o compositum_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v of_o more_o often_o in_o logic_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o argumentum_fw-la simplex_fw-la aut_fw-la comparatum_fw-la and_o we_o have_v hear_v that_o axioma_fw-la est_fw-la simplex_fw-la aut_fw-la compositum_fw-la and_o now_o that_o syllogismus_fw-la est_fw-la simplex_fw-la aut_fw-la compositus_fw-la but_o it_o be_v the_o community_n of_o name_n not_o the_o community_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o for_o want_v of_o fit_a name_n we_o may_v borrow_v the_o same_o often_o if_o so_o be_v the_o definition_n show_v the_o difference_n of_o they_o in_o a_o simple_a axiom_n there_o be_v one_o argument_n simple_o dispose_v with_o one_o in_o a_o simple_a syllogism_n there_o be_v also_o a_o simple_a disposition_n but_o of_o the_o consequent_a part_n of_o the_o question_n in_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o antecedent_n in_o the_o assumption_n ergo_fw-la from_o the_o break_n of_o this_o question_n thus_o as_o there_o be_v a_o simple_a disposition_n it_o be_v call_v simple_a but_o in_o a_o composite_a syllogism_n the_o whole_a question_n and_o the_o three_o argument_n be_v dispose_v together_o ergo_fw-la according_a to_o these_o two_o kind_n of_o disposition_n there_o be_v these_o part_n of_o a_o syllogism_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v this_o disposition_n in_o nature_n be_v this_o the_o three_o argument_n which_o be_v well_o call_v so_o here_o because_o here_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n be_v break_v the_o truth_n must_v either_o be_v such_o as_o be_v so_o doubtful_a as_o we_o must_v be_v fain_o to_o pull_v the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n in_o sunder_o to_o see_v it_o and_o then_o we_o make_v a_o simple_a syllogism_n or_o if_o the_o question_n be_v not_o so_o doubtful_a but_o that_o we_o may_v soon_o perceive_v it_o than_o we_o make_v but_o a_o composite_a syllogism_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o common_a logician_n never_o dream_v of_o a_o composite_a syllogism_n but_o only_o of_o a_o simple_a desire_v to_o make_v all_o thing_n more_o clear_a but_o there_o be_v often_o more_o fallace_n lie_v lurk_v under_o a_o composite_a syllogism_n then_o under_o a_o simple_a one_o hence_o in_o school_n we_o say_v dispute_v catagorice_n for_o in_o a_o composite_a the_o three_o argument_n be_v dispose_v with_o the_o whole_a question_n do_v not_o so_o clear_v it_o as_o in_o a_o simple_a it_o do_v yet_o none_o be_v to_o except_v against_o it_o the_o composite_a syllogism_n clear_v the_o whole_a question_n the_o simple_a clear_v both_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n simplex_n ubi_fw-la pars_fw-la consequens_fw-la quaestionis_fw-la disponitur_fw-la in_o propositione_n pars_fw-la antecedens_fw-la in_o assumptione_n this_o then_o be_v particular_a first_o in_o a_o simple_a syllogism_n that_o the_o consequent_a part_n of_o the_o question_n be_v dispose_v with_o the_o three_o argument_n in_o the_o proposition_n now_o whether_o before_o or_o after_o we_o shall_v hear_v hereafter_o for_o that_o be_v more_o particular_a before_o in_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o syllogism_n it_o be_v quaestio_fw-la cum_fw-la argumento_fw-la then_o quaestion_n be_v saltem_fw-la consequens_fw-la here_o it_o be_v pars_fw-la consequens_fw-la in_o propositione_n pars_fw-la antecedens_fw-la in_o assumptione_n and_o whether_o this_o be_v before_o or_o after_o we_o shall_v hear_v hereafter_o so_o that_o be_v general_a to_o
proprius_fw-la second_o a_o deny_v of_o all_o sort_n but_o not_o every_o deny_v for_o if_o the_o antecedent_n part_v disagree_v with_o the_o three_o argument_n than_o it_o will_v be_v conclude_v in_o the_o first_o kind_n of_o a_o explicate_v and_o therefore_o argumentum_fw-la antecedit_fw-la the_o consequent_a part_n of_o the_o question_n sequitur_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la the_o antecedent_n in_o the_o assumption_n as_o we_o hear_v general_o in_o a_o simple_a syllogism_n as_o for_o example_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o profit_n attend_v honesty_n the_o three_o argument_n be_v justum_fw-la for_o the_o proposition_n if_o it_o be_v not_o well_o get_v it_o will_v not_o thrive_v for_o the_o assumption_n the_o truth_n of_o that_o appear_v because_o justitia_fw-la generalis_fw-la or_o virtus_fw-la and_o honestaâ—_n be_v all_o one_o affirmatum_fw-la generale_fw-mi omne_fw-la justum_fw-la est_fw-la utile_fw-la cicero_n 2._o officiorum_fw-la it_o a_o concludit_fw-la summa_fw-la quidem_fw-la authoritas_fw-la philosophy_n etc._n etc._n here_o the_o proposition_n be_v first_o be_v back_v with_o a_o prosyllogism_n a_o testimonio_fw-la then_o the_o assumption_n and_o then_o the_o conclusion_n and_o this_o be_v generalis_fw-la quia_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la propositione_n &_o assumptione_n generalibus_fw-la quia_fw-la ex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la partibu_fw-la affirmatis_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n follow_v be_v so_o for_o the_o reason_n out_o of_o their_o definition_n neg._n go_v timidus_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la libre_fw-la hoc_fw-la ita_fw-la concluditur_fw-la &_o judicatur_fw-la ab_fw-la horatio_n 1_o epist_n quo_fw-la melior_fw-la servo_fw-la quo_fw-la liberior_fw-la sit_fw-la avarus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o question_n be_v whether_o a_o covetous_a man_n be_v free_a no_o for_o he_o will_v make_v himself_o a_o slave_n for_o a_o farthing_n the_o proposition_n be_v argue_v in_o the_o example_n with_o a_o prosyllogism_n and_o that_o be_v argue_v by_o another_o prosyllogism_n from_o his_o effect_n nam_fw-la qui_fw-la cupit_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v the_o assumptionâ—_n porro_fw-la qui_fw-la metuens_fw-la vivit_fw-la &c_n &c_n there_o be_v the_o conclusion_n back_v with_o a_o prosyllogism_n consslii_fw-la expers_fw-la consilio_fw-la reginon_fw-la potest_fw-la terentius_n in_o eunucho_fw-la here_o quares_n in_o se_fw-la neque_fw-la consilium_fw-la neque_fw-la modum_fw-la habet_fw-la ullum_fw-la love_n can_v be_v govern_v by_o counsel_n why_o because_o it_o be_v expers_fw-la consilii_fw-la any_o affection_n whatsoever_o if_o it_o be_v in_o excess_n it_o will_v hear_v no_o reason_n love_v especial_o for_o it_o be_v hot_a and_o that_o intoxicate_a the_o head_n and_o set_v fancy_n on_o work_n and_o will_v hear_v no_o judgement_n the_o proposition_n be_v first_o here_o quae_fw-la res_fw-la in_o amore_fw-la haec_fw-la omne_fw-la insunt_fw-la vitia_fw-la here_o instead_o of_o the_o assumption_n the_o cause_n of_o love_n be_v reckon_v up_o incerta_fw-la hac_fw-la situ_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v the_o conclusion_n back_v with_o a_o prosyllogism_n a_o contrario_fw-la affir_n spec_fw-la consules_a virtute_fw-la facti_fw-la studiose_fw-la rempub_fw-la tueri_fw-la debent_fw-la the_o question_n be_v whether_o cicero_n be_v to_o be_v causa_fw-la quae_fw-la â—ueatur_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la yes_o because_o he_o be_v make_v consul_n for_o his_o virtue_n sic_fw-la orator_n diligentiam_fw-la svam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o proposition_n be_v first_o be_v argue_v with_o a_o prosyllogism_n a_o minore_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la in_o incunabilis_fw-la that_o be_v not_o by_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o who_o have_v be_v consul_n say_v in_o campo_fw-it that_o be_v when_o they_o go_v to_o the_o field_n not_o to_o their_o progenitor_n and_o that_o he_o show_v by_o a_o contrary_a to_o himself_o then_o the_o assumption_n nulli_fw-la populo_fw-la and_o with_o a_o prosyllogism_n the_o conclusion_n i_o ipsum_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o do_v commorari_fw-la upon_o the_o assumption_n by_o a_o digression_n and_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o prosyllogism_n he_o repeat_v again_o the_o conclusion_n quod_fw-la optatum_fw-la redierit_fw-la gratum_fw-la est_fw-la the_o question_n be_v whether_o lesbian_n be_v welcome_a to_o catullus_n yes_o because_o she_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o his_o desire_n it_o be_v a_o connex_v axiom_n but_o we_o be_v to_o look_v at_o it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o simple_a axiom_n as_o the_o verb_n be_v the_o band_n that_o tie_v it_o caâ—ullus_n sic_fw-la concludit_fw-la si_fw-mi quicquam_fw-la cupidoque_fw-la optanti_fw-la obtigit_fw-la unquam_fw-la the_o proposition_n be_v first_o than_o the_o assumptio_fw-la argue_v a_o minore_fw-la carius_fw-la auro_fw-la last_o he_o do_v commorari_fw-la upon_o the_o conclusion_n lesbi_n animi_fw-la cupido_fw-la where_o there_o be_v also_o a_o comparison_n add_v a_o minore_fw-la neg._n spec_fw-la deceptor_n amantis_fw-la pvellae_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la laudandus_fw-la phillis_n apud_fw-la ovidium_fw-la fallere_fw-la credentem_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la operosa_fw-la puellam_fw-la now_o follow_v a_o negative_a special_a demophoon_n non_fw-la est_fw-la laudandus_fw-la from_o his_o effect_n the_o proposition_n be_v first_o fallere_fw-la with_o a_o prosyllogism_n simplicitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n then_o the_o assumption_n sum_fw-la decepta_fw-la than_o the_o conclusion_n with_o a_o execration_n by_o a_o testimony_n of_o the_o god_n and_o now_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o simple_a syllogism_n the_o question_n be_v make_v much_o more_o clear_a and_o evident_a then_o in_o composite_a syllogism_n because_o here_o we_o sever_v the_o question_n into_o his_o part_n and_o lay_v the_o three_o argument_n with_o each_o part_n to_o see_v the_o truth_n thereof_o whereas_o in_o a_o composite_a syllogism_n we_o dispose_v the_o three_o argument_n with_o the_o whole_a question_n and_o do_v not_o sever_v it_o at_o all_o now_o then_o that_o we_o may_v know_v ready_o where_o any_o question_n may_v be_v conclude_v it_o be_v but_o this_o look_v at_o the_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v general_a special_a or_o proper_a if_o it_o be_v a_o general_n affirm_v it_o can_v be_v conclude_v only_o in_o the_o second_o kind_n of_o a_o explicate_v not_o in_o the_o first_o explicate_v not_o in_o a_o contract_n if_o it_o be_v a_o general_n deny_v it_o may_v only_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o first_o explicate_v and_o also_o in_o the_o second_o explicate_v if_o the_o three_o argument_n agree_v with_o the_o antecedent_n part_n of_o the_o question_n if_o it_o be_v a_o particular_a affirm_v it_o may_v be_v conclude_v in_o a_o contract_n not_o in_o the_o first_o explicate_v but_o in_o the_o second_o explicate_v if_o the_o three_o argument_n agree_v with_o the_o antecedent_n if_o it_o be_v a_o particular_a deny_v it_o may_v be_v conclude_v in_o a_o contract_n and_o in_o the_o first_o explicate_v if_o the_o three_o argument_n disagree_v with_o the_o antecedent_n part_n of_o the_o question_n and_o in_o the_o second_o explicate_v so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o most_o general_a if_o it_o be_v a_o proper_a affirm_v it_o can_v only_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o second_o explicate_v not_o in_o the_o first_o explicate_v nor_o in_o a_o contract_n if_o it_o be_v a_o proper_a deny_v than_o it_o can_v be_v conclude_v only_o in_o the_o first_o explicate_v or_o in_o the_o second_o explicate_v if_o the_o three_o argument_n do_v agree_v with_o the_o antedent_a part_n of_o the_o question_n not_o in_o a_o contract_n chap._n xiii_o de_fw-fr syllogismo_fw-la connexo_fw-la primo_fw-la adhuc_fw-la syllogismus_fw-la simplex_fw-la fuit_fw-la syllogismus_fw-la compositus_fw-la est_fw-la syllogismus_fw-la ubi_fw-la tota_fw-la quaestio_fw-la est_fw-la pars_fw-la alâ—era_fw-la propositionis_fw-la affirmatae_fw-la &_o compositae_fw-la argumentum_fw-la est_fw-la pars_fw-la reliqua_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o simple_a syllogism_n and_o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v simple_a now_o it_o be_v call_v a_o composite_a by_o reason_n the_o whole_a question_n be_v place_v in_o the_o proposition_n with_o the_o three_o argument_n now_o which_o go_v first_o and_o which_o go_v last_o we_o shall_v hear_v in_o the_o special_n again_o this_o proposition_n must_v be_v affirm_v mean_v the_o part_n affirm_v and_o also_o composite_a the_o assumption_n and_o conclusion_n be_v always_o or_o at_o least_o may_v always_o be_v simple_a and_o it_o be_v call_v composite_a not_o so_o much_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o proposition_n but_o of_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o whole_a question_n with_o the_o three_o argument_n here_o we_o must_v not_o bring_v any_o part_n of_o the_o question_n into_o the_o assumption_n for_o if_o we_o bring_v in_o one_o part_n we_o wrong_v the_o other_o part_n and_o if_o we_o bring_v in_o the_o whole_a question_n we_o commit_v a_o tautology_n make_v the_o proposition_n and_o assumption_n the_o same_o but_o the_o three_o argument_n must_v come_v into_o the_o assumption_n because_o it_o be_v the_o light_n to_o clear_v the_o question_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v first_o place_v in_o the_o proposition_n with_o the_o whole_a question_n then_o alone_o in_o the_o assumption_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v this_o be_v it_o that_o be_v two_o foot_n long_o do_v you_o mark_v it_o or_o as_o if_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o corn_n and_o
be_v one_o then_o in_o the_o rule_n of_o aâ—ts_n for_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v only_o belong_v to_o rule_n of_o art_n so_o method_n be_v almost_o and_o principal_o of_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n though_o their_o order_n mâ—y_v be_v in_o many_o other_o thing_n quibus_fw-la quamvis_fw-la omnes_fw-la regulae_fw-la generales_fw-la sint_fw-la &_o universales_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n all_o be_v universals_z not_o that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v proper_a axiom_n in_o a_o art_n but_o he_o mean_v such_o as_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o if_o he_o shall_v not_o mean_v thus_o this_o generality_n will_v be_v only_o true_a of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o general_a art_n not_o of_o the_o special_a art_n but_o though_o all_o be_v general_a carum_fw-la tamen_fw-la gradus_fw-la distinguntur_fw-la as_o they_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o another_o as_o the_o definition_n of_o logic_n be_v before_o the_o distribution_n be_v more_o general_a than_o it_o and_o so_o the_o distribution_n be_v more_o general_a than_o the_o next_o and_o so_o for_o the_o rest_n again_o the_o most_o general_a rule_n in_o disposition_n be_v more_o special_a than_o the_o last_o rule_n of_o invention_n because_o invention_n use_n be_v more_o general_a than_o judgement_n though_o the_o rule_n of_o disposition_n may_v contain_v more_o in_o it_o than_o the_o rule_n of_o invention_n contain_v in_o it_o quantoque_fw-la unaquâ—que_fw-la genelarior_fw-la erit_fw-la tanto_fw-la magis_fw-la praecedet_fw-la that_o be_v as_o it_o be_v pro_fw-la naturae_fw-la suae_fw-la claritate_fw-la praeponendum_fw-la so_o must_v it_o be_v place_v generalissima_fw-la loco_fw-la &_o ordine_fw-la prima_fw-la erit_fw-la quia_fw-la lumine_fw-la &_o notitia_fw-la prima_fw-la est_fw-la this_o be_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n to_o proceed_v from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a for_o so_o we_o must_v place_v thing_n the_o reason_n follow_v now_o indeed_o ramus_n himself_o take_v no_o great_a pain_n about_o art_n in_o general_n and_o therefore_o imagine_v that_o every_o definition_n in_o art_n be_v absolute_o first_o whereas_o in_o very_a truth_n none_o of_o they_o be_v absolute_o first_o but_o only_o that_o rule_n of_o encyclopaedia_fw-la subalternae_fw-la consequentiae_fw-la sequentur_fw-la quia_fw-la claritate_fw-la sunt_fw-la proximae_fw-la atque_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la natura_fw-la notiores_fw-la preponentur_fw-la minus_fw-la notae_fw-la substituentur_fw-la tandemque_fw-la specialissimae_fw-la constituentur_fw-la among_o subaltern_n some_o be_v more_o general_a and_o some_o be_v more_o special_a ramus_n here_o speak_v allegorical_o allude_v to_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n subalternae_fw-la and_o specialissimae_fw-la in_o invention_n and_o here_o special_a rule_n be_v all_o one_o with_o other_o in_o themselves_o though_o not_o in_o comparison_n with_o they_o definitio_fw-la itaque_fw-la generalissima_fw-la prima_fw-la erit_fw-la ramus_n mean_v the_o definitio_fw-la and_o the_o definitum_fw-la not_o dâ—finitio_fw-la the_o argument_n now_o this_o must_v be_v first_o why_o one_o will_v think_v it_o shall_v rather_o be_v last_o because_o a_o perfect_a definition_n intend_v to_o lay_v down_o the_o whole_a essence_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o before_o a_o man_n can_v know_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o thing_n he_o must_v know_v it_o in_o the_o whole_a as_o it_o be_v comprise_v in_o a_o brief_a from_o the_o near_a cause_n thereof_o distributio_fw-la sequitur_fw-la quae_fw-la si_fw-la multiplex_fw-la fuerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o so_o we_o hear_v that_o a_o definition_n be_v manifold_a integri_fw-la in_o membra_fw-la generis_fw-la in_o species_n etc._n etc._n because_o as_o the_o definition_n lay_v out_o the_o whole_a in_o one_o lump_n at_o once_o from_o the_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o utmost_a thing_n so_o in_o a_o distribution_n there_o be_v the_o whole_a but_o lay_v out_o distributive_o in_o his_o part_n so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o they_o and_o the_o follow_a rule_n do_v prosecute_v every_o part_n according_a to_o their_o place_n praecedit_fw-la in_o part_n integras_fw-la partitio_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o the_o membra_fw-la make_v up_o the_o whole_a and_o be_v cause_n thereof_o as_o the_o definition_n be_v of_o the_o thing_n define_v again_o the_o distributio_fw-la of_o generis_fw-la in_o species_n be_v from_o the_o effect_n and_o they_o be_v after_o the_o cause_n ergo_fw-la distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la causis_fw-la must_v go_v before_o they_o again_o a_o distribution_n of_o the_o integrum_fw-la into_o the_o member_n in_o a_o art_n be_v common_a to_o a_o distribution_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n as_o for_o example_n in_o grammar_n vox_fw-la be_v divide_v as_o integrum_fw-la into_o litera_fw-la and_o syllaba_fw-la and_o both_o letter_n and_o syllable_n be_v general_a to_o vox_fw-la numeri_fw-la and_o sine_fw-la numero_fw-la which_o be_v the_o species_n of_o vox_fw-la sequitur_fw-la divisio_fw-la in_o species_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o distribution_n of_o the_o subject_n into_o the_o adjunct_n they_o must_v go_v before_o distributio_fw-la generis_fw-la in_o species_n as_o affirmatum_fw-la and_o negatum_fw-la axioma_fw-la must_v go_v before_o simplex_fw-la and_o compositum_fw-la because_o the_o adjunct_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o a_o axiom_n in_o general_n again_o if_o we_o set_v a_o distribution_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n before_o a_o distribution_n ex_fw-la adjunctis_fw-la we_o must_v handle_v the_o species_n distinct_o ergo_fw-la there_o will_v be_v no_o room_n for_o distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la adjunctis_fw-la to_o come_v in_o but_o we_o must_v know_v that_o we_o seldom_o have_v these_o distribution_n of_o the_o same_o art_n for_o where_o there_o be_v distributio_fw-la integri_fw-la in_o membra_fw-la there_o be_v seldom_o distributio_fw-la generis_fw-la in_o species_n though_o there_o may_v be_v either_o of_o these_o and_o likewise_o a_o distribution_n ex_fw-la adjunctis_fw-la et_fw-la transitionum_fw-la vinculis_fw-la si_fw-la longior_fw-la inter_fw-la eas_fw-la intersit_fw-la explicatio_fw-la colligandae_fw-la sunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o give_v we_o here_o a_o note_n by_o the_o way_n that_o if_o the_o distribution_n go_v long_o before_o that_o then_o we_o shall_v use_v a_o transition_n from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o so_o that_o here_o we_o see_v the_o use_n of_o a_o transition_n and_o that_o it_o belong_v to_o method_n and_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bridge_n to_o go_v from_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o and_o it_o serve_v auditorem_fw-la reficere_fw-la ac_fw-la recreare_fw-la omnes_fw-la definitiones_fw-la distributiones_fw-la regulae_fw-la grammaticae_fw-la repertae_fw-la sint_fw-la atque_fw-la unaquaeque_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la judicata_fw-la etc._n etc._n ramus_n suppose_v every_o rule_n of_o art_n already_o invent_v and_o judge_v how_o shall_v we_o dispose_v they_o not_o by_o any_o rule_v before_o but_o only_o by_o method_n which_o be_v behind_o for_o we_o speak_v of_o order_n as_o first_o the_o definition_n of_o grammar_n than_o the_o distribution_n because_o part_n simul_fw-la sumpta_fw-la be_v equivolent_a to_o the_o whole_a and_o let_v a_o art_n be_v lay_v down_o thus_o and_o we_o shall_v see_v every_o thing_n plain_o and_o evident_o chap._n xix_o de_fw-fr secunda_fw-la methodi_fw-la illustratione_fw-la per_fw-la exempla_fw-la poetarum_fw-la oratorum_fw-la historicorum_fw-la atqui_fw-la methodus_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la in_o materia_fw-la artium_fw-la &_o doctrinarum_fw-la adhibetur_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la quas_fw-la facile_fw-la &_o perspicue_n doc_fw-fr ere_o volumus_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o aristotle_n say_v in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o ethick_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n so_o every_o thing_n may_v orderly_o be_v lay_v down_o quas_fw-la facile_fw-la etc._n etc._n therefore_o poet_n orator_n etc._n etc._n observe_v this_o rule_n howbeit_o they_o do_v not_o usque_fw-la quaque_fw-la ingredi_fw-la and_o insistere_fw-la as_o art_n require_v virgilius_n in_o georgicus_n etc._n etc._n hactenus_fw-la avorum_fw-la cultus_fw-la &_o sidera_fw-la coeli_fw-la nunc_fw-la te_fw-la bacche_fw-it canam_fw-la poetry_n be_v a_o general_a art_n ergo_fw-la a_o poet_n be_v a_o general_a author_n therefore_o ramus_n bring_v example_n out_o of_o poetry_n to_o show_v this_o general_a art_n of_o logic_n virgil_n for_o example_n handle_v georgic_n that_o be_v husbandry_n and_o divide_v it_o into_o four_o part_n in_o his_o first_o book_n he_o handle_v that_o which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o husbandry_n but_o his_o distribution_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o it_o shall_v be_v if_o it_o be_v a_o art_n for_o virgil_n do_v as_o kickerman_n use_v to_o do_v namely_o divide_v it_o into_o its_o common_a property_n and_o into_o its_o special_a property_n common_a as_o astrologia_n meteorologia_fw-la than_o he_o come_v by_o a_o transition_n to_o tree_n then_o by_o a_o more_o imperfect_a transition_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr bobus_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o a_o transition_n be_v perfect_a or_o imperfect_a a_o perfect_a one_o consist_v of_o a_o
the_o place_n where_o the_o speech_n be_v speak_v for_o in_o nature_n there_o be_v great_a variety_n of_o speech_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o man_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v hence_o many_o consonant_n in_o dutch_a and_o our_o english_a tongue_n so_o thar_z variety_n of_o sound_n be_v not_o always_o from_o the_o party_n name_v but_o the_o party_n name_v and_o he_o that_o have_v more_o heat_n intentional_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o pronounce_v hence_o englishmen_n be_v almost_o to_o learn_v any_o tongue_n id_fw-la autem_fw-la latinis_fw-la latin_a here_o be_v a_o commoration_n where_o he_o come_v into_o the_o latin_a grammar_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v in_o latin_a after_o the_o latin_a manner_n for_o there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o grammar_n as_o there_o be_v kind_n of_o speech_n but_o it_o be_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v grammar_n be_v either_o the_o latin_a greek_a or_o hebrew_n grammar_n which_o be_v a_o distribution_n of_o the_o adjunct_n into_o the_o subject_n for_o as_o there_o be_v but_o one_o greek_a grammar_n yet_o many_o dialect_n so_o the_o several_a grammar_n be_v but_o so_o many_o several_a dialect_n or_o idiom_n of_o the_o general_a grammar_n part_n grammaticae_fw-la qua_fw-la sunt_fw-la etymologia_fw-la &_o syntaxis_fw-la here_o be_v a_o copulative_a axiom_n and_o the_o argument_n be_v grammatica_fw-la the_o integrum_fw-la and_o etymologia_fw-la and_o syntaxis_fw-la the_o membra_fw-la which_o be_v yoke_v together_o there_o be_v two_o part_n of_o grammar_n first_o because_o two_o of_o logic_n for_o if_o grammar_n be_v the_o carrier_n of_o logic_n betwixtman_n than_o it_o must_v be_v answerable_a to_o logic_n to_o carry_v the_o simples_n and_o composit_a for_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v not_o carry_v well_o again_o second_o speech_n be_v a_o garment_n to_o clothe_v our_o reason_n and_o as_o we_o will_v think_v a_o tailor_n a_o fool_n that_o shall_v make_v a_o garment_n with_o one_o sleeve_n for_o he_o that_o have_v two_o arm_n so_o for_o grammar_n if_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o with_o one_o sleeve_n to_o cover_v logic_n that_o have_v two_o arm_n et_fw-la contra_fw-la as_o we_o count_v that_o tailor_n a_o idiot_n that_o make_v many_o sleeve_n for_o he_o that_o have_v but_o two_o arm_n so_o for_o he_o that_o make_v many_o part_n of_o grammar_n to_o clothe_v logic_n that_o have_v but_o two_o part_n though_o now_o a_o day_n i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o sleeve_n and_o hangbys_a they_o make_v for_o orthography_n and_o prosody_n they_o be_v not_o part_v of_o grammar_n but_o common_a adjunct_n and_o run_v through_o whole_a grammar_n as_o blood_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n etymologia_fw-la come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d verus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sermo_fw-la i._n e._n veriloqutio_fw-la and_o in_o very_a deed_n according_a to_o the_o notation_n it_o belong_v rather_o to_o logic_n than_o to_o grammar_n for_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o notatio_fw-la and_o so_o the_o grammarian_n use_v to_o give_v example_n as_o lepus_fw-la from_o the_o adjunct_n quafi_n levipe_n but_o the_o grammarian_n it_o be_v before_o use_v in_o logic_n bring_v it_o into_o grammar_n and_o so_o use_n have_v receive_v it_o even_o as_o some_o will_v have_v dialectica_fw-la to_o come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d colloquor_fw-la and_o so_o belong_v to_o grammar_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o distribution_n be_v for_o that_o every_o speech_n consist_v of_o word_n for_o that_o as_o syntax_n answer_v to_o judgement_n so_o etymology_n to_o invention_n the_o occasion_n of_o it_o be_v this_o in_o ancient_a time_n when_o grammar_n be_v first_o invent_v in_o greece_n it_o be_v only_o observe_v in_o letter_n and_o syllable_n the_o next_o observation_n among_o the_o greek_n be_v to_o look_v at_o the_o notation_n and_o reason_n of_o word_n and_o so_o come_v to_o call_v that_o part_n of_o grammar_n etymology_n and_o afterward_o the_o grecian_n find_v out_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o grammar_n before_o any_o other_o nation_n syntaxis_fw-la come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d consuo_fw-la or_o construo_fw-la because_o in_o the_o beginning_n they_o lay_v the_o word_n together_o according_a to_o the_o matter_n so_o they_o do_v in_o greek_a and_o hebrew_n till_o the_o orator_n take_v that_o liberty_n to_o they_o to_o change_v and_o because_o as_o logic_n lay_v thing_n together_o so_o do_v syntax_n utter_v they_o if_o grammar_n be_v right_a it_o must_v tie_v nothing_o together_o but_o that_o which_o logic_n do_v tie_v hence_o be_v logic_n before_o grammar_n in_o genesi_fw-la but_o grammar_n before_o logic_n in_o analysi_fw-la so_o be_v grammar_n before_o rhetoric_n in_o genesi_fw-la but_o rhetoric_n before_o grammar_n in_o analysi_fw-la hence_o do_v we_o remove_v the_o rhetoric_n to_o see_v the_o grammar_n and_o logic_n in_o analysi_fw-la etym_fw-mi logia_fw-la est_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la grammaticae_fw-la quae_fw-la vocum_fw-la singularum_fw-la proprietates_fw-la interpretatur_fw-la this_o definition_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v est_fw-fr de_fw-fr voce_fw-mi or_o praecipit_fw-la de_fw-fr voce_fw-mi though_o praecipere_fw-la be_v too_o large_a for_o it_o be_v in_o art_n and_o etymology_n do_v interpretari_fw-la not_o only_o the_o property_n of_o word_n but_o also_o letter_n and_o fyllable_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o word_n est_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la here_o prima_fw-la and_o pars_fw-la be_v logical_a term_n therefore_o not_o genus_fw-la to_o etymologia_fw-la the_o word_n interpretari_fw-la belong_v to_o analysis_n and_o be_v all_o one_o with_o it_o etymologia_fw-la ergo_fw-la est_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la grammaticae_fw-la quae_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la voce_fw-mi here_o be_v a_o definition_n ab_fw-la integro_fw-la &_o subjecto_fw-la etymologia_fw-la est_fw-la if_o there_o be_v vox_fw-la then_o there_o be_v etymologia_fw-la but_o there_o be_v vox_fw-la ergo._n prima_fw-la pars_fw-la for_o there_o be_v a_o simple_a consideration_n of_o a_o thing_n therefore_o there_o must_v be_v a_o simple_a consideration_n of_o the_o name_n of_o a_o thing_n whereof_o etymoligia_fw-la must_v give_v precept_n it_o be_v prima_fw-la because_o i_o must_v consider_v a_o word_n first_o simple_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n before_o i_o join_v he_o with_o another_o de_fw-fr voce_fw-mi so_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o etymology_n be_v vox_fw-la oratio_fw-la and_o sermo_fw-la belong_v proper_o to_o syntax_n as_o argumentum_fw-la of_o invention_n and_o grammar_n go_v no_o far_a than_o vox_fw-la so_o that_o all_o we_o shall_v hear_v of_o in_o this_o part_n of_o grammar_n be_v of_o a_o word_n alone_o hence_o not_o the_o thing_n chest_n but_o the_o name_n chest_n be_v a_o noun_n for_o the_o three_o general_a art_n all_o take_v their_o notion_n from_o ens_fw-la and_o yet_o ens_fw-la itself_o may_v belong_v to_o physics_n logic_n take_v notion_n of_o it_o as_o it_o have_v cause_n effect_n subject_n and_o adjunct_n grammar_n as_o it_o do_v notify_v it_o by_o its_o name_n to_o another_o physic_n as_o it_o consist_v of_o principle_n and_o for_o that_o distinction_n of_o vox_fw-la to_o be_v primae_fw-la or_o secundae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la it_o be_v a_o toy_n as_o animael_o say_v they_o be_v primae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la genus_fw-la secundae_fw-la but_o i_o will_v ask_v they_o be_v animal_n &_o genus_fw-la the_o same_o thing_n no_o for_o they_o belong_v to_o divers_a art_n and_o genus_fw-la in_o his_o own_o art_n be_v as_o well_o primae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la as_o animal_n be_v and_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fallacia_fw-la accidentis_fw-la de_fw-fr voce_fw-mi simplici_fw-la not_o the_o vocibus_fw-la and_o for_o one_o word_n to_o be_v lay_v to_o another_o word_n be_v but_o accidental_a to_o it_o so_o that_o syntax_n do_v not_o handle_v vox_fw-la he_o say_v vox_fw-la not_o dictio_fw-la though_o sometime_o they_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v dictio_fw-la as_o rhetoric_n take_v the_o notion_n of_o it_o and_o here_o we_o may_v note_v two_o thing_n namely_o that_o first_o when_o we_o look_v at_o or_o consider_v a_o thing_n grammatical_o we_o first_o give_v it_o a_o vox_fw-la that_o be_v a_o name_n for_o that_o be_v the_o most_o simple_a consideration_n of_o a_o thing_n second_o it_o be_v not_o only_a vox_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v but_o which_o be_v write_v also_o vox_fw-la est_fw-la nota_fw-la quâ_fw-la unumquâ—dque_fw-la voco_fw-la some_o call_v it_o dictio_fw-la some_o vocabulum_fw-la but_o vox_fw-la be_v best_o because_o it_o name_v the_o thing_n from_o his_o special_a use_n à _fw-la vocando_fw-la nota._n here_o nota_fw-la be_v not_o general_a to_o vox_fw-la for_o nota_fw-la be_v a_o logical_a term_n and_o belong_v to_o adjunct_n so_o that_o this_o definition_n be_v from_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o conjugate_v and_o he_o mean_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v vox_fw-la be_v that_o whereby_o notice_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v give_v we_o it_o be_v nota_fw-la here_o he_o do_v not_o consider_v vox_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o
quality_n in_o man_n proceed_v from_o such_o cause_n but_o as_o it_o do_v notify_v the_o thing_n whereof_o it_o be_v vox_fw-la so_o our_o eye_n of_o reason_n as_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o man_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n belong_v to_o physics_n as_o vox_fw-la do_v but_o as_o it_o do_v act_n for_o that_o eupraxie_n for_o which_o it_o be_v make_v so_o it_o belong_v to_o logic_n in_o that_o he_o call_v it_o nota_fw-la we_o see_v it_o be_v another_o thing_n than_o the_o thing_n itself_o whereof_o it_o be_v a_o note_n and_o vox_fw-la be_v nota_fw-la i._n e._n a_o notify_n and_o make_v know_v the_o apprehension_n of_o man_n mind_n even_o as_o wax_v have_v the_o picture_n of_o the_o seal_n be_v to_o the_o seal_n itself_o and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v man_n to_o name_n thing_n and_o here_o be_v a_o fallacy_n very_o useful_a to_o say_v this_o or_o that_o be_v a_o true_a speech_n when_o it_o be_v not_o the_o speech_n in_o property_n but_o the_o logic_n clothe_v in_o the_o speech_n that_o be_v true_a or_o false_a vnumquodque_fw-la for_o grammar_n be_v a_o general_n art_n ergo_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v his_o subject_n more_o remote_a so_o that_o here_o he_o do_v but_o specialize_v ens_fw-la so_o that_o vox_fw-la be_v but_o the_o subject_n of_o grammar_n more_o special_a unumquodque_fw-la more_o general_n and_o as_o affectio_fw-la be_v to_o argumentum_fw-la so_o be_v vocatio_fw-la to_o the_o thing_n call_v so_o also_o that_o which_o be_v the_o aliquid_fw-la in_o argumentum_fw-la as_o grammar_n take_v his_o notion_n of_o it_o be_v unumquodque_fw-la and_o that_o definition_n of_o nomen_fw-la of_o a_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v see_v feel_v hear_v or_o understand_v be_v erroneous_a for_o i_o can_v see_v feel_v or_o understand_v a_o thing_n and_o yet_o name_v it_o not_o but_o do_v res_fw-la belong_v to_o grammar_n no_o but_o thing_n attend_v ens_fw-la for_o otherwise_o arse_n in_o general_n be_v about_o ens_fw-la and_o word_n be_v term_n give_v unto_o thing_n so_o their_o doctrine_n must_v be_v general_a so_o that_o every_o thing_n have_v its_o name_n which_z notatio_fw-la in_o logic_n show_v again_o here_o we_o may_v see_v that_o verb_n adverb_n and_o conjunction_n be_v voces_fw-la and_o hence_o we_o may_v see_v the_o definition_n of_o a_o noun_n to_o be_v too_o general_a and_o second_o their_o error_n in_o calling_n nomen_fw-la not_z vox_fw-la voco_fw-la here_o i_o be_o tell_v how_o this_o nota_fw-la be_v use_v which_o be_v for_o the_o call_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o the_o name_n of_o it_o hence_o when_o we_o be_v ask_v what_o part_n of_o speech_n such_o a_o thing_n be_v we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v no_o part_n of_o speech_n but_o the_o name_n of_o it_o so_o it_o be_v fallacia_fw-la divisionis_fw-la when_o they_o ask_v what_o part_n of_o speech_n a_o whole_a speech_n be_v it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n which_o scaliger_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr cau_v linguae_fw-la latinae_fw-la whether_o word_n be_v ex_fw-la thesi_fw-la or_o ad_fw-la placitum_fw-la but_o for_o compound_v word_n they_o be_v ex_fw-la thesi_fw-la as_o first_o word_n also_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n for_o we_o know_v that_o speech_n be_v the_o creature_n of_o god_n yea_o and_o that_o word_n signify_v this_o or_o that_o thing_n it_o be_v also_o from_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n so_o god_n teach_v adam_n to_o name_v the_o creature_n and_o so_o god_n wrought_v the_o confusion_n of_o tongue_n now_o man_n be_v to_o name_v they_o and_o god_n by_o man_n because_o that_o speech_n be_v to_o be_v the_o carrier_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n again_o man_n be_v to_o be_v the_o lord_n steward_n over_o his_o creature_n and_o therefore_o he_o must_v know_v their_o name_n and_o adam_n do_v name_n thing_n with_o reason_n and_o according_a to_o his_o apprehension_n which_o we_o may_v see_v by_o man_n now_o adays_o that_o name_n thing_n so_o as_o according_a to_o their_o apprehension_n they_o can_v give_v a_o reason_n thereof_o so_o that_o word_n be_v give_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o thing_n name_v and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n name_v be_v in_o the_o thing_n so_o that_o word_n be_v not_o ad_fw-la placitum_fw-la so_o we_o give_v to_o little_a thing_n little_a name_n so_o in_o english_a thing_n that_o be_v glib_a have_v their_o name_n run_v much_o upon_o l_o or_o other_o semi-vowel_n if_o great_a thing_n than_o their_o name_n run_v upon_o grosser_n letter_n now_o the_o art_n of_o speech_n be_v arse_n bexe_n sermocinandi_fw-la for_o that_o be_v general_a both_o to_o grammar_n and_o rhetoric_n and_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n concern_v speech_n be_v double_a pure_a and_o ornate_a and_o these_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n which_o rhetoric_n show_v in_o that_o there_o be_v reason_n in_o every_o trope_n and_o figura_fw-la teach_v we_o to_o figurate_a the_o speech_n as_o the_o thing_n be_v and_o if_o it_o be_v great_a we_o give_v it_o a_o great_a name_n if_o little_a we_o give_v it_o a_o little_a name_n and_o hence_o do_v arise_v the_o three_o style_n of_o tully_n that_o for_o a_o lofty_a thing_n we_o have_v a_o lofty_a stile_n for_o a_o mean_a thing_n a_o mean_a stile_n for_o a_o little_a thing_n a_o low_a stile_n and_o that_o with_o good_a reason_n for_o speech_n be_v the_o garment_n of_o reason_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o little_a or_o too_o great_a for_o it_o and_o for_o their_o rule_n these_o art_n be_v eternal_a though_o change_v by_o man_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o distinguish_v thing_n by_o their_o name_n and_o rhetoric_n be_v the_o same_o to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o so_o for_o grammar_n the_o rule_n for_o variation_n be_v eternal_a though_o the_o variation_n of_o word_n be_v according_a to_o the_o variation_n of_o man_n and_o this_o consist_v either_o in_o single_a word_n or_o in_o construction_n of_o more_o word_n where_o always_o note_n that_o as_o the_o word_n govern_v do_v depend_v upon_o the_o word_n that_o govern_v it_o so_o do_v the_o thing_n vox_fw-la constat_fw-la syllabâ_fw-la syllaba_fw-la constat_fw-la literâ_fw-la litera_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la sono_fw-la individuo_fw-la for_o sonus_fw-la be_v the_o material_a cause_n of_o it_o the_o form_n be_v from_o the_o figuration_n of_o it_o with_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o mouth_n for_o the_o word_n litera_fw-la some_o think_v it_o come_v from_o litteratura_fw-la and_o therefore_o write_v it_o with_o a_o double_a it_o whereas_o it_o shall_v be_v with_o a_o single_a t_z some_o think_v it_o come_v of_o lineatura_fw-la and_o so_o of_o linea_fw-la from_o the_o matter_n some_o think_v it_o come_v of_o litura_fw-la a_o blot_n which_o scaliger_n believe_v not_o because_o it_o be_v from_o the_o destruction_n of_o it_o but_o this_o reason_n be_v more_o witty_a than_o sound_n for_o man_n be_v call_v mortalis_fw-la of_o his_o death_n but_o i_o think_v it_o come_v of_o litura_fw-la a_o blot_n because_o when_o we_o set_v black_a upon_o white_a we_o do_v as_o it_o be_v blot_v the_o white_a paper_n and_o so_o sometime_o blote_v and_o write_v be_v confound_v n1_fw-la come_v of_o linum_fw-la linen_n make_v of_o flax_n because_o thread_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n that_o be_v consider_v for_o a_o line_n and_o not_o of_o lino_n which_o signify_v to_o blot_v out_o so_o as_o delinere_v be_v the_o same_o with_o delere_fw-la litera_fw-la est_fw-la vocalis_fw-la aut_fw-la consona_fw-la the_o reason_n in_o nature_n be_v because_o there_o be_v two_o principal_a sort_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o mouth_n the_o first_o be_v when_o we_o make_v a_o sound_n without_o any_o more_o ado_n the_o second_o be_v where_o there_o be_v a_o more_o special_a kind_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o organ_n in_o the_o mouth_n which_o letter_n either_o make_v a_o complete_a sound_n in_o themselves_o or_o a_o incomplete_a and_o even_o as_o in_o nature_n the_o first_o matter_n be_v incomplete_a yet_o make_v thing_n which_o be_v complete_a so_o the_o consonant_n which_o in_o themselves_o be_v incomplete_a with_o vowel_n make_v syllable_n which_o be_v complete_a this_o word_n vocalis_fw-la signify_v vocal_a i._n e._n sound_v of_o himself_o for_o he_o need_v no_o other_o though_o he_o be_v join_v with_o another_o now_o for_o vocalis_fw-la they_o usual_o define_v it_o litera_fw-la quae_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la syllabam_fw-la potest_fw-la efficere_fw-la this_o be_v à _fw-la priore_fw-la but_o not_o general_o true_a for_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n our_o w_n oo_z ee_o never_o make_v a_o complete_a sound_n neither_o in_o hebrew_n and_o yet_o there_o they_o make_v a_o complete_a sound_n though_o they_o be_v not_o without_o a_o consonant_n now_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v define_v a_o vowel_n to_o be_v litera_fw-la quae_fw-la completum_fw-la sonum_fw-la edit_fw-la or_o quae_fw-la plenè_fw-la sonat_fw-la or_o rather_o quae_fw-la constat_fw-la sono_fw-la completo_fw-la but_o in_o
for_o that_o be_v the_o effect_n itself_o where_o the_o form_n be_v and_o therefore_o ramus_n say_v distributio_fw-la generis_fw-la in_o species_n &_o formas_fw-la eadem_fw-la est_fw-la neither_o of_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o that_o can_v so_o determine_v because_o one_o thing_n may_v have_v many_o end_n object_n so_o the_o effect_n may_v have_v many_o efficient_n answ_n but_o then_o according_a to_o the_o several_a modi_fw-la of_o the_o efficient_a there_o will_v be_v several_a effect_n but_o there_o be_v not_o modi_fw-la of_o the_o final_a cause_n efficient_a cùminvent_v &_o author_n here_o inventor_n and_o author_n be_v the_o two_o modi_fw-la of_o the_o efficient_a the_o first_o example_n be_v of_o the_o inventor_n as_o tum_o cererem_n &c_n &c_n ceres_n be_v corrupt_v with_o water_n here_o be_v ceres_n the_o inventor_n of_o corn_n put_v for_o corn_n cerealiáque_fw-la arma_fw-la here_o arma_fw-la be_v a_o metaphor_n quos_fw-la amisimus_fw-la cives_fw-la those_o citizen_n which_o we_o have_v lose_v mars_n pro_fw-la bello_fw-la aut_fw-la dulcis_fw-la musti_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o he_o that_o do_v concoct_v the_o humour_n of_o sweet_a muskedine_n with_o vulcan_n i._n e._n fire_n and_o this_o be_v he_o that_o be_v call_v tubalcain_n often_o in_o scripture_n sinè_n cerere_fw-la &_o libero_fw-la etc._n etc._n without_o bread_n and_o wine_n lust_n ware_n cold_a and_o here_o be_v a_o allegory_n for_o the_o same_o trope_n be_v continue_v yet_o it_o be_v better_a to_o use_v venus_n than_o coitus_fw-la but_o liber_n and_o ceres_n be_v more_o than_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o judgement_n seat_n will_v bear_v est_fw-la preterea_fw-la hîc_fw-la valdè_fw-la usitat_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o be_v author_n the_o second_o modus_fw-la of_o the_o efficient_a and_o this_o be_v valdè_fw-la usitatum_fw-la yea_o of_o much_o great_a use_n than_o be_v the_o inventor_n so_o martial_a call_v the_o history_n of_o livy_n livy_n metonymy_fw-la materiae_fw-la this_o be_v a_o definition_n itself_o neither_o need_v it_o more_o to_o be_v add_v to_o it_o for_o there_o be_v not_o definitio_fw-la definitionis_fw-la yet_o i_o may_v say_v it_o be_v quando_fw-la nomen_fw-la materiae_fw-la traducitur_fw-la admateriatum_fw-la significandum_fw-la non_fw-la domus_fw-la &_o fundus_fw-la etc._n etc._n ae_z &_o aurum_fw-la pro_fw-la aeneis_fw-la &_o nureis_n nummis_fw-la ae_z &_o ferrum_fw-la duelli_fw-la brass_n and_o iron_n be_v sign_n of_o war_n not_o of_o peace_n pro_fw-la armis_fw-la aeneis_fw-la &_o ferreis_n so_o be_v silver_n put_v for_o silver_n householdstuff_n so_o plate_n for_o the_o dish_n make_v of_o plate_n chap._n iu._n metonymy_fw-la effecti_fw-la cùm_fw-la ex_fw-la effect_n etc._n etc._n he_o here_o make_v the_o effect_n to_o answer_v only_o to_o the_o efficient_a and_o in_o latin_a it_o do_v so_o but_o in_o hebrew_n sometime_o it_o do_v not_o as_o in_o genesis_n chap._n 1._o vers_fw-la 2._o the_o earth_n be_v wtthout_n form_n and_o void_a and_o sometime_o it_o be_v find_v so_o in_o english_a also_o in_o latin_a as_o it_o be_v call_v lavinium_n because_o it_o be_v build_v either_o from_o the_o material_a cause_n or_o the_o subject_n of_o place_n now_o this_o be_v a_o common_a metonymy_n neither_o do_v he_o lay_v down_o all_o the_o modi_fw-la which_o belong_v unto_o it_o so_o spes_fw-la be_v obscura_fw-la obscura_fw-la be_v a_o metaphor_n afterward_o a_o metonymy_n i._n e._n incerta_fw-la so_o be_v caeca_fw-la pro_fw-la ignorant_a a_o metaphour_n so_o pale_a death_n knock_v equal_o at_o poor_a man_n shop_n and_o king_n turret_n death_n be_v say_v to_o be_v pale_a because_o it_o make_v thing_n so_o pallentesque_fw-la habitant_fw-la etc._n etc._n morbi_fw-la efficiunt_fw-la pallentes_fw-la senectus_fw-la a_o metonymy_n of_o the_o adj_fw-la for_o the_o subject_n for_o the_o man_n that_o be_v old_a it_o be_v tristis_fw-la because_o it_o cause_v sorrow_n here_o sometime_o the_o efficient_a be_v put_v for_o the_o effect_n without_o any_o more_o ado_n as_o in_o these_o example_n that_o go_v before_o sometime_o the_o adjective_n be_v give_v to_o the_o substantive_a which_o note_v the_o vis_fw-la of_o the_o efficient_a and_o not_o the_o efficient_a itself_o as_o in_o this_o example_n that_o follow_v praecipitem_fw-la iram_fw-la many_o modi_fw-la there_o be_v of_o this_o metonymy_n of_o the_o effect_n which_o he_o omit_v as_o this_o when_o a_o man_n carry_v a_o sword_n in_o his_o hand_n we_o say_v this_o man_n carry_v death_n in_o his_o hand_n here_o be_v death_n put_v for_o the_o instrumental_a cause_n so_o mors_fw-la in_o olla_fw-es chap._n v._n metonym_n subj_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o have_v hear_v before_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n of_o metonymy_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v distribute_v according_a to_o the_o argument_n whence_o it_o be_v borrow_v namely_o to_o be_v of_o argument_n consentanious_a absolutè_fw-la or_o modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la absolutè_fw-la as_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v of_o the_o efficient_a or_o matter_n yet_o of_o these_o two_o cause_n the_o matter_n be_v more_o usual_o put_v for_o the_o effect_n as_o this_o chest_n be_v wood_n i._n e._n make_v of_o wood_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v so_o usual_a that_o the_o matter_n be_v put_v common_o for_o the_o effect_n be_v this_o because_o the_o genus_fw-la do_v arise_v from_o the_o matter_n and_o do_v predicate_v in_o quid_fw-la of_o it_o cùm_fw-la nomen_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v when_o that_o noun_n which_o proper_o signify_v a_o subj_fw-la be_v deliver_v to_o signify_v the_o thing_n adjoin_v here_o he_o say_v nomen_fw-la not_o verbum_fw-la as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o trope_n to_o show_v that_o he_o like_v both_o of_o they_o indifferent_o and_o therefore_o use_v they_o promiscuous_o here_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o this_o definition_n be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o every_o subject_n be_v not_o put_v to_o signify_v his_o adjunct_n or_o contrà _fw-la as_o whiteness_n be_v not_o put_v for_o wall_n yet_o this_o be_v the_o best_a definition_n that_o can_v be_v give_v and_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o his_o modi_fw-la that_o follow_n ut_fw-la cùm_fw-la ponitur_fw-la continens_fw-la etc._n etc._n neither_o be_v this_o general_o true_a for_o every_o continens_fw-la non_fw-la pro_fw-la quáque_fw-la re_fw-la contenta_fw-la ponitur_fw-la but_o be_v to_o be_v limit_v with_o his_o two_o modi_fw-la that_o follow_v the_o first_o whereof_o be_v when_o the_o place_n be_v put_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o special_a modus_fw-la of_o that_o modus_fw-la of_o continens_fw-la pro_fw-la re_fw-la contenta_fw-la invadunt_fw-la urbem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o city_n be_v not_o bury_v in_o sleep_n and_o wine_n but_o the_o people_n in_o the_o city_n so_o vrbs_fw-la pulcherrima_fw-la for_o cives_fw-la pulcherrimi_fw-la so_o quòd_fw-la in_o i_o carcerem_fw-la effudistis_fw-la they_o cast_v a_o prison_n upon_o i_o for_o the_o prisoner_n testis_fw-la est_fw-la italia_n here_o tully_n call_v italy_n france_n sicily_n spain_n to_o witness_v for_o the_o italian_n french_a sicilian_n and_o spaniard_n and_o here_o be_v also_o allegoria_fw-la now_o the_o second_o special_a modus_fw-la of_o that_o modus_fw-la of_o continens_fw-la pro_fw-la re_fw-la contenta_fw-la be_v when_o the_o place_n be_v put_v for_o the_o thing_n do_v in_o the_o place_n so_o the_o market_n be_v put_v for_o the_o rhetorical_a action_n do_v in_o it_o so_o by_o academia_n where_o plato_n teach_v lycéum_fw-la where_n aristotle_n teach_v and_o tusculane_n where_o tully_n teach_v be_v mean_v the_o learning_n make_v famous_a therein_o there_o be_v yet_o another_o special_a modus_fw-la of_o continens_fw-la pro_fw-la re_fw-la contenta_fw-la which_o i_o marvel_v that_o he_o leave_v as_o this_o reach_v i_o the_o cup_n for_o the_o drink_n in_o the_o cup_n and_o give_v i_o thy_o purse_n for_o the_o money_n in_o the_o purse_n here_o be_v continens_fw-la pro_fw-la re_fw-la contenta_fw-la and_o yet_o neither_o of_o the_o special_a modi_fw-la aforego_v exit_fw-la hoc_fw-la genere_fw-la est_fw-la illud_fw-la this_o be_v not_o a_o three_o special_a modus_fw-la of_o continens_fw-la pro_fw-la re_fw-la contenta_fw-la but_o a_o second_o from_o it_o and_o here_o the_o possessor_n be_v put_v for_o the_o thing_n poss_v as_o our_o neighbour_n vcalegon_n burn_v for_o his_o house_n vcalegon_n come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d non_fw-la curo_fw-la therefore_o he_o that_o dwell_v near_o such_o a_o careless_a neighbour_n have_v need_n to_o be_v careful_a for_o fear_n of_o fire_n this_o modus_fw-la be_v very_o useful_a in_o prose_n as_o he_o be_v with_o i_o that_o be_v at_o my_o house_n sic_fw-la dicimus_fw-la hominem_fw-la devorari_fw-la we_o say_v the_o man_n be_v undo_v or_o eat_v up_o when_o his_o good_n be_v take_v from_o he_o and_o this_o be_v another_o modus_fw-la the_o next_o modus_fw-la be_v the_o captain_n for_o his_o army_n the_o last_o be_v the_o advocate_n for_o his_o client_n chap._n vi_o we_o have_v hear_v the_o reason_n of_o
can_v so_o perfect_o see_v fish_n water_n be_v most_o cold_a and_o moist_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o form_n act_n be_v more_o active_a than_o the_o form_n of_o earth_n but_o how_o then_o be_v it_o most_o cold_a because_o though_o the_o form_n act_v more_o than_o the_o form_n of_o earth_n yet_o the_o matter_n do_v so_o strong_o reagere_n that_o it_o be_v more_o sensible_o cold_a because_o of_o the_o great_a action_n and_o passion_n even_o as_o when_o a_o ball_n or_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v forcible_o unto_o i_o if_o i_o meet_v it_o with_o my_o hand_n it_o do_v more_o sensible_o agere_fw-la than_o if_o i_o take_v it_o gent_n lie_v in_o my_o hand_n it_o be_v also_o moist_a because_o it_o be_v exceed_o cold_a be_v also_o moist_a and_o moisture_n cause_v softness_n so_o that_o softness_n be_v a_o quality_n arise_v from_o moisture_n and_o be_v proper_o of_o the_o air_n and_o second_o of_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n be_v most_o dry_a because_o the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v so_o little_a active_a can_v extend_v it_o ergo_fw-la to_o make_v it_o fluid_a and_o so_o it_o make_v it_o dry_a fire_n be_v more_o fluid_a than_o the_o earth_n but_o not_o so_o dry_a air_n have_v heat_n which_o do_v extend_v moisture_n make_v it_o most_o moist_a but_o not_o dry_a again_o it_o be_v cold_a but_o not_o actual_o as_o water_n because_o the_o form_n do_v not_o act_v so_o much_o upon_o it_o as_o the_o form_n of_o water_n upon_o water_n again_o hence_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o solid_a and_o least_o porous_a of_o any_o of_o the_o element_n again_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o dark_a and_o opake_v of_o all_o the_o element_n the_o air_n and_o water_n be_v capable_a of_o light_n and_o opacitie_n because_o the_o creature_n that_o live_v in_o they_o have_v a_o sensible_a life_n and_o shall_v have_v light_a and_o darkness_n night_n and_o day_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o element_n simple_o consider_v as_o they_o be_v element_n now_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o apposition_n of_o they_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o imperfect_a misture_n for_o they_o can_v give_v sapour_fw-la and_o such_o other_o quality_n as_o they_o have_v but_o as_o they_o be_v mista_fw-la ergo_fw-la we_o shall_v hear_v of_o they_o again_o in_o the_o meteor_n as_o also_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o mare_n and_o of_o other_o river_n which_o be_v meteor_n elementarium_fw-la elementare_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la elementis_fw-la est_fw-la ergo_fw-la for_o its_o matter_n it_o be_v make_v immediate_o of_o the_o materiale_a principium_fw-la and_o for_o the_o form_n of_o it_o it_o be_v make_v proximè_fw-la ex_fw-la formis_fw-la elementorum_fw-la obj._n but_o then_o the_o form_n of_o thing_n shall_v be_v compose_v answ_n so_o they_o be_v even_o as_o the_o body_n be_v compose_v of_o many_o part_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o many_o similar_v part_n which_o contain_v both_o matter_n and_o form_n again_o mistio_fw-la est_fw-la miscibilium_fw-la alteratorum_fw-la unio_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o be_v mistio_fw-la that_o make_v a_o thing_n unum_fw-la then_o must_v the_o form_n be_v mista_fw-la and_o so_o composite_a for_o that_o make_v the_o thing_n unum_fw-la now_o for_o those_o that_o say_v the_o form_n of_o thing_n be_v from_o the_o influence_n i_o will_v ask_v they_o what_o it_o be_v that_o unite_v the_o matter_n and_o form_n together_o for_o in_o logic_n we_o know_v there_o be_v nothing_o betwixt_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o form_n some_o say_v that_o spirit_n be_v the_o vinculum_fw-la of_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n yea_o but_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o the_o form_n and_o again_o what_o shall_v unite_v they_o in_o a_o stone_n where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o spirit_n object_n 2._o some_o deny_v the_o form_n of_o the_o element_n to_o be_v in_o the_o mist_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o how_o do_v they_o return_v into_o the_o element_n again_o and_o again_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o all_o that_o the_o quality_n be_v there_o ergo_fw-la their_o form_n must_v be_v there_o and_o the_o element_n be_v actu_fw-la in_o the_o mist_n yea_o and_o be_v agent_n there_o as_o we_o shall_v hear_v hereafter_o in_o mistione_n now_o the_o great_a objection_n i_o find_v against_o this_o be_v this_o say_v they_o how_o can_v thing_n without_o life_n cause_n thing_n to_o live_v there_o may_v be_v a_o vivens_fw-la of_o they_o because_o anima_fw-la vegetiva_fw-la and_o sensitiva_fw-la be_v nourish_v by_o nutriment_n for_o spiritus_fw-la vitalis_fw-la be_v the_o vegetative_a soul_n which_o be_v nourish_v by_o humidum_fw-la radical_a and_o have_v air_n predominate_v in_o it_o and_o spirit_n we_o animalis_fw-la be_v that_o sensitive_a soul_n which_o be_v nourish_v by_o moisture_n and_o heat_n and_o have_v fire_n predominate_v in_o it_o and_o the_o common_a people_n do_v use_v to_o say_v that_o these_o do_fw-mi vanescere_fw-la in_o auras_fw-la and_o the_o spiritus_fw-la animalis_fw-la be_v make_v of_o the_o vital_a spirit_n and_o the_o vital_a spirit_n be_v make_v of_o a_o natural_a spirit_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o meat_n which_o we_o eat_v ergo_fw-la if_o these_o can_v nourish_v and_o keep_v life_n they_o can_v also_o cause_v life_n if_o they_o shall_v say_v the_o vital_a spirit_n be_v not_o make_v of_o the_o natural_a than_o it_o must_v be_v make_v of_o nothing_o and_o so_o shall_v be_v eternal_a in_o nature_n keckerman_n say_v the_o element_n be_v corpora_fw-la incompleta_fw-la which_o be_v most_o false_a for_o they_o shall_v not_o exist_v but_o in_o composites_n but_o they_o do_v in_o themselves_o for_o they_o be_v effect_n i_o rather_o choose_v this_o word_n elementarium_fw-la then_o mistum_fw-la because_o mistum_fw-la be_v but_o a_o adjunct_n to_o it_o elementarium_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la elementis_fw-la and_o so_o the_o first_o matter_n but_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n and_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o element_n go_v into_o the_o mistum_fw-la but_o the_o great_a objection_n that_o ever_o i_o meet_v with_o concern_v this_o be_v that_o how_o can_v thing_n which_o have_v not_o life_n cause_n life_n yes_o for_o life_n be_v but_o a_o act_n and_o a_o composite_a act_n again_o life_n be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o element_n ergo_fw-la may_v be_v cause_v by_o they_o so_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v make_v of_o the_o vital_a and_o the_o vital_a of_o the_o element_n not_o only_o as_o they_o be_v act_n but_o also_o as_o they_o be_v membra_fw-la for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o soul_n in_o plant_n and_o beast_n for_o they_o be_v next_o to_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n now_o if_o they_o shall_v say_v these_o spirit_n vital_a and_o animal_n be_v not_o make_v of_o the_o element_n but_o of_o some_o other_o thing_n i_o will_v ask_v they_o of_o what_o of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v in_o the_o meat_n then_o the_o form_n of_o plant_n and_o beast_n must_v be_v make_v of_o the_o form_n of_o herb_n and_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o feed_v on_o if_o they_o will_v say_v they_o be_v make_v of_o the_o influence_n they_o be_v then_o either_o accident_n which_o can_v be_v form_n or_o substance_n if_o substance_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v portion_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o the_o star_n and_o then_o the_o star_n shall_v not_o remain_v the_o same_o thing_n mistio_fw-la they_o say_v be_v alteratorum_fw-la unio_fw-la so_o that_o in_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o form_n of_o thing_n there_o must_v be_v a_o alteration_n and_o another_o form_n distinct_a from_o any_o of_o these_o form_n from_o whence_o it_o do_v arise_v even_o as_o in_o a_o chest_n make_v of_o board_n i_o can_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n call_v they_o board_n but_o a_o chest_n make_v of_o these_o board_n so_o in_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v miss_v i_o can_v say_v the_o element_n form_n be_v their_o form_n but_o it_o be_v a_o mist_n form_n compose_v of_o the_o element_n which_o be_v incomplete_a in_o the_o mist_n so_o that_o true_a it_o be_v there_o be_v a_o alteration_n but_o a_o generation_n also_o though_o generation_n will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o corruption_n of_o the_o element_n which_o make_v the_o thing_n neither_o indeed_o do_v generation_n and_o corruption_n go_v always_o together_o for_o when_o a_o chicken_n be_v make_v of_o a_o egg_n there_o be_v not_o a_o corruption_n but_o a_o perfect_a of_o the_o egg_n neither_o be_v there_o acquisitio_fw-la novae_fw-la formae_fw-la but_o veteris_fw-la perfectio_fw-la and_o the_o element_n be_v member_n of_o the_o elementary_n but_o a_o part_n of_o fire_n be_v not_o a_o membrum_fw-la of_o fire_n but_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o fire_n now_o here_o be_v the_o chief_a question_n how_o these_o be_v in_o the_o mist_n first_o of_o all_o the_o element_n by_o the_o mutual_a action_n and_o passion_n of_o their_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v hold_v together_o
of_o the_o cause_n chap._n ix_o de_fw-fr effectis_fw-la effectum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la e_fw-la causis_fw-la existit_fw-la siveigitur_fw-la gignatur_fw-la sive_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o we_o come_v to_o see_v a_o thing_n make_v up_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o consideration_n to_o see_v how_o we_o begin_v at_o the_o far_a thing_n and_o at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v four_o esses_fw-la distinct_a which_o we_o must_v look_v at_o distinct_o and_o orderly_o if_o we_o â—ill_v see_v thing_n aâ—ight_v first_o the_o efficient_n than_o the_o matter_n etc._n etc._n now_o then_o let_v we_o see_v effectum_fw-la effectum_fw-la for_o the_o name_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v nominate_v only_o from_o the_o efficient_a for_o it_o come_v of_o efficior_fw-la which_o come_v oâ—_n efficio_fw-la whence_o efficiens_fw-la comes_fw-la and_o howbeit_o it_o may_v be_v denominate_v materiatum_fw-la formatum_fw-la or_o finitum_fw-la yet_o he_o rather_o name_v it_o of_o the_o efficient_a but_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o it_o have_v reference_n to_o all_o the_o cause_n even_o materiatum_fw-la formatum_fw-la finitum_fw-la object_n why_o shall_v there_o not_o be_v as_o many_o several_a kind_n of_o effect_n as_o there_o be_v of_o cause_n answ_n because_o no_o one_o cause_n alone_o can_v make_v a_o effect_n for_o it_o be_v existent_a from_o they_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v distinct_a in_o nature_n and_o their_o force_n be_v their_o own_o ergo_fw-la their_o doctrine_n must_v be_v distinct_a but_o because_o essectum_fw-la must_v be_v make_v of_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o four_o esses_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o can_v be_v but_o one_o so_o that_o i_o can_v say_v effectum_fw-la efficientis_fw-la effectum_fw-la materiae_fw-la effectum_fw-la formae_fw-la or_o effectum_fw-la finis_fw-la ergo_fw-la we_o must_v see_v effectum_fw-la alone_o in_o one_o lump_n as_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n now_o because_o it_o have_v all_o the_o esses_fw-la of_o the_o cause_n ergo_fw-la good_a reason_n that_o the_o efficient_a that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o work_v general_o quite_o through_o with_o every_o other_o cause_n matter_n form_n and_o end_n shall_v have_v the_o effect_n denominate_v from_o it_o so_o that_o this_o child_n bring_v forth_o by_o the_o four_o cause_n be_v denominate_v from_o the_o efficient_a est_fw-la all_o thing_n be_v effect_n but_o god_n alone_o ergo_fw-la effectum_fw-la est_fw-la therefore_o whereas_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v liable_a to_o our_o eye_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o as_o we_o see_v the_o cause_n that_o make_v up_o the_o thing_n so_o the_o effect_n which_o be_v a_o quinta_fw-la essentia_fw-la arise_v from_o they_o quod._n he_o mean_v argumentum_fw-la absolute_a consentancum_fw-la now_o we_o see_v plain_o how_o the_o cause_n be_v absolute_o agree_v to_o the_o effect_n but_o how_o be_v the_o effect_n absolute_o a-agreeing_a to_o they_o yes_o for_o if_o the_o effect_n be_v from_o they_o it_o will_v vouchsafe_v to_o acknowledge_v itself_o to_o be_v from_o they_o and_o we_o see_v in_o nature_n that_o if_o a_o effect_n be_v than_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v &_o contra_fw-la again_o that_o we_o may_v see_v it_o plain_o if_o we_o take_v away_o the_o efficient_a the_o effect_n will_v be_v imperfect_a so_o put_v the_o effect_n and_o we_o put_v the_o matter_n and_o form_n substantial_o and_o the_o esses_fw-la of_o the_o other_o so_o take_v away_o the_o effect_n and_o you_o take_v away_o they_o now_o if_o the_o efficient_a be_v rot_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n as_o this_o logic_n be_v ramus_n his_o effect_n though_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o rot_a for_o here_o we_o respect_v not_o time_n but_o the_o esse_fw-la again_o he_o put_v efficiens_fw-la general_o a_o qua_fw-la materia_fw-la ex_fw-la qua_fw-la forma_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la finis_fw-la cujus_fw-la gratia_fw-la and_o here_o effectum_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o he_o use_v quod_fw-la so_o often_o be_v because_o he_o will_v tell_v we_o that_o logic_n be_v general_a to_o every_o thing_n existit_fw-la esse_fw-la be_v of_o any_o one_o cause_n existere_fw-la be_v a_o compound_n of_o they_o all_o not_o that_o existere_fw-la have_v respect_n of_o time_n and_o place_n as_o some_o teach_v true_a it_o be_v time_n and_o place_n attend_v every_o thing_n when_o it_o do_v existere_fw-la but_o they_o be_v not_o of_o the_o esse_fw-la of_o the_o thing_n but_o be_v only_o complemental_a est_z be_v a_o causa_fw-la qualibet_fw-la existere_fw-la ex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la subsistere_fw-la ex_fw-la modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la consentaneis_fw-la existere_fw-la come_v of_o ex_fw-la and_z sto_z now_o it_o do_v stand_v upon_o its_o foot_n and_o do_v estare_fw-la out_o from_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v a_o five_o thing_n from_o they_o ecausis_fw-la here_z e_z be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o ex_fw-la per_fw-la and_o gratia_fw-la ecausis_fw-la that_o be_v ab_fw-la efficiente_a ex_fw-la materi_fw-la per_fw-la formam_fw-la gratia_fw-la finis_fw-la causis_fw-la not_o causa_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o all_o four_o cause_n must_v absolute_o concur_v or_o else_o the_o thing_n can_v existere_fw-la as_o the_o first_o matter_n do_v not_o ergo_fw-la if_o angel_n do_v existere_fw-la they_o must_v have_v all_o the_o cause_n so_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n after_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o body_n they_o can_v per_fw-la se_fw-la existere_fw-la without_o they_o have_v all_o the_o cause_n for_o if_o any_o one_o cause_n be_v want_v they_o will_v be_v incomplete_a sive_fw-la igitur_fw-la gignatur_fw-la sive_fw-la corrumpatur_fw-la ramus_n do_v here_o commorari_fw-la upon_o this_o doctrine_n of_o effectum_fw-la because_o the_o common_a aristotelian_o refer_v the_o doctrine_n of_o motus_fw-la not_o to_o logic_n but_o to_o natural_a philosophy_n but_o ramus_n teach_v it_o here_o in_o logic_n in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o effectum_fw-la sive_fw-la igitur_fw-la gignatur_fw-la sive_fw-la corrumpatur_fw-la &c_n &c_n whether_o it_o be_v make_v or_o corrupt_v sive_fw-la modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la moveatur_fw-la quidlibet_fw-la that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v augment_v or_o diminish_v etc._n etc._n generatio_fw-la and_o corruptio_fw-la be_v substantial_a motus_fw-la augmentatio_fw-la and_o diminutio_fw-la quantitatis_fw-la alteratio_fw-la and_o loci_fw-la mutatio_fw-la qualitatis_fw-la and_o all_o these_o be_v effect_n then_o again_o whereas_o the_o aristotelian_o teach_v that_o distruens_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v not_o causa_fw-la ramus_n teach_v that_o it_o be_v for_o whether_o a_o man_n do_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o same_o rule_n he_o do_v both_o ergo_fw-la both_o of_o they_o be_v motus_fw-la of_o his_o act_n to_o the_o opus_fw-la ergo_fw-la causa_fw-la distruens_fw-la be_v a_o motus_fw-la and_o a_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o opus_fw-la destructum_fw-la be_v a_o effect_n and_o privation_n though_o they_o be_v privation_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o habit_n yet_o they_o be_v effect_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o cause_n ergo_fw-la they_o be_v cause_n both_o alike_o they_o teach_v as_o if_o a_o man_n have_v do_v nothing_o when_o he_o do_v sin_n whereas_o he_o spoil_v the_o image_n of_o god_n in_o he_o ergo_fw-la whilst_o they_o be_v more_o nice_a than_o wise_a they_o become_v foolish_a if_o the_o lord_n shall_v bring_v to_o nothing_o that_o which_o he_o have_v do_v it_o will_v be_v his_o effect_n at_o least_o the_o corruption_n of_o nothing_o now_o the_o effect_n be_v double_a motus_fw-la and_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la every_o thing_n be_v make_v motu_fw-la god_n only_o be_v sine_fw-la motu_fw-la and_o do_v not_o move_v when_o he_o work_v for_o else_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v primus_fw-la movens_fw-la but_o motus_fw-la but_o if_o we_o resolve_v all_o thing_n it_o must_v needs_o bring_v we_o in_o the_o end_n to_o that_o which_o be_v immovable_a for_o so_o aristotle_n find_v out_o most_o thing_n by_o motus_fw-la now_o again_o there_o be_v those_o that_o sever_v motus_fw-la and_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la as_o the_o aristotelian_o which_o make_v ramus_n to_o commorari_fw-la they_o say_v something_n rest_v motu_fw-la only_o without_o a_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la but_o that_o be_v not_o so_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o god_n have_v make_v which_o do_v movere_fw-la but_o there_o be_v a_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la of_o that_o motus_fw-la they_o conceit_n that_o some_o art_n motion_n have_v no_o opus_fw-la post_fw-la se_fw-la relictum_fw-la as_o when_o one_o play_n on_o the_o virginal_n they_o say_v there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v behind_o answ_n what_o care_v i_o for_o that_o logic_n look_v not_o to_o that_o but_o as_o there_o be_v play_v so_o there_o be_v something_o play_v which_o be_v res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la and_o as_o there_o be_v writing_n so_o there_o be_v something_o write_v these_o namely_o motus_fw-la and_o res_fw-la motu_fw-la facta_fw-la be_v never_o distinct_a asunder_o one_o without_o another_o but_o only_o in_o that_o the_o one_o be_v not_o the_o other_o huius_fw-la loci_fw-la sunt_fw-la laudes_fw-la &_o vituperationes_fw-la as_o if_o ramus_n shall_v say_v if_o you_o will_v commend_v
while_n tell_v we_o that_o id_fw-la m_o and_o unum_fw-la as_o the_o aristotelian_o teach_v be_v nothing_o but_o these_o consentanie_n argument_n so_o id_fw-la m_o genere_fw-la do_v arise_v from_o idem_fw-la causa_fw-la so_o gemelli_fw-la be_v idem_fw-la tempore_fw-la that_o be_v adiuncto_fw-la so_o all_o modi_fw-la of_o they_o arise_v from_o hence_o tanquâ—m_fw-la a_o primis_fw-la &_o simplicibus_fw-la fontibus_fw-la we_o shall_v hear_v of_o idem_fw-la genere_fw-la and_o idem_fw-la specie_fw-la and_o idem_fw-la iâ—dividâ—o_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v but_o all_o of_o they_o huc_fw-la sunt_fw-la tanquam_fw-la ad_fw-la primos_fw-la &_o simplices_fw-la fontes_fw-la referendi_fw-la chap._n xii_o de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la argumentum_fw-la primum_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la expositum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o have_v hear_v of_o consentaneum_fw-la and_o why_o he_o shall_v put_v in_o primum_fw-la rather_o than_o simplex_fw-la i_o see_v not_o for_o if_o he_o mean_v to_o have_v repeat_v they_o he_o shall_v have_v put_v in_o all_o ergo_fw-la primum_fw-la will_v be_v put_v out_o now_o the_o use_n of_o a_o transition_n be_v to_o hang_v thing_n together_o when_o the_o one_o part_n be_v new_o go_v before_o as_o it_o be_v half_o forget_v than_o we_o must_v have_v a_o imperfect_a transition_n otherwise_o a_o perfect_a one_o this_o method_n observe_v for_o memory_n sake_n now_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o consider_v what_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o and_o thus_o we_o go_v orderly_o to_o work_v before_o we_o see_v what_o go_v to_o a_o thing_n for_o the_o make_n of_o it_o up_o now_o we_o can_v well_o see_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o till_o we_o see_v what_o it_o be_v for_o nonens_fw-la be_v see_v gratiaentis_fw-la now_o this_o respect_n arise_v not_o by_o way_n of_o argument_n but_o by_o see_v what_o it_o be_v dissentaneum_fw-la sequitur_fw-la this_o be_v opposite_a to_o consentaneum_fw-la sentio_fw-la be_v general_a to_o they_o both_o seutire_n be_v take_v for_o intelligere_fw-la consentire_fw-la be_v say_v of_o thing_n that_o have_v the_o same_o judgement_n mind_n and_o reason_n dissentany_n be_v of_o they_o that_o have_v not_o the_o same_o judgement_n ergo_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v no_o reason_n in_o they_o in_o respect_n of_o consentany_n ergo_fw-la aristotle_n deny_v dissâ—ntanie_n argument_n and_o make_v they_o follow_v sequitur_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o be_v by_o nature_n after_o second_o it_o be_v next_o to_o consentany_n because_o they_o be_v simple_a argument_n quod_fw-la a_o re_fw-mi dissentis_fw-la that_o differ_v from_o the_o thing_n it_o argue_v be_v still_o general_a so_o that_o because_o the_o creature_n of_o god_n be_v discreet_a and_o many_o ergo_fw-la there_o be_v dissension_n and_o because_o reason_n be_v make_v to_o behold_v the_o creature_n of_o god_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v handle_v in_o logic_n sunt_fw-la autem_fw-la dissentanea_fw-la here_o he_o call_v they_o dissentanea_fw-la in_o the_o plural_a number_n for_o that_o which_o be_v res_fw-la before_o be_v become_v dissentaneum_fw-la as_o it_o have_v a_o dissentany_a to_o argue_v it_o second_o because_o here_o dissension_n agree_v to_o they_o both_o as_o they_o be_v compare_v together_o aeque_fw-la manifesta_fw-la hear_v dissentany_n be_v make_v paria_fw-la argue_v equal_o for_o manifestation_n qua_fw-la aequa_fw-la manifesta_fw-la ergo_fw-la this_o property_n contain_v thus_o much_o that_o one_o dissentanie_n be_v not_o before_o another_o for_o the_o manifest_v of_o it_o as_o causa_fw-la be_v before_o effectum_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v not_o invention_n before_o judgement_n and_o they_o be_v opposite_a ans_fw-fr true_o for_o doctrine_n but_o invention_n do_v not_o clear_a judgement_n more_o nor_o contra_fw-la alterumque_fw-la ab_fw-la altero_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la arguitur_fw-la as_o there_o be_v not_o a_o priority_n and_o posteriority_n so_o they_o have_v equal_a force_n to_o argue_v contrary_a to_o consentany_n so_o that_o manifestation_n be_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o they_o and_o argue_v because_o they_o have_v the_o same_o doctrine_n but_o than_o what_o use_n of_o they_o tameâ—_n si_fw-la sva_fw-la dissensione_n clarius_fw-la elucescant_fw-la here_o it_o be_v why_o they_o come_v principal_o into_o logic_n as_o black_a be_v not_o so_o black_a till_o it_o be_v set_v by_o white_a etc._n etc._n magis_fw-la carendo_fw-la quam_fw-la fruendo_fw-la we_o see_v thing_n for_o when_o we_o have_v a_o thing_n and_o see_v not_o the_o privation_n of_o it_o we_o make_v not_o much_o reckon_n of_o it_o sva_fw-la dissentione_fw-la this_o be_v a_o discretion_n from_o the_o other_o property_n so_o than_o we_o see_v why_o a_o contrary_a make_v a_o contrary_n most_o clear_a namely_o this_o ergo_fw-la when_o we_o will_v show_v a_o thing_n that_o be_v obscure_a we_o show_v it_o by_o a_o contrary_a quia_fw-la sva_fw-la dissentione_fw-la clarius_fw-la elucescant_fw-la hitherto_o of_o the_o property_n which_o will_v not_o be_v in_o consentany_n for_o one_o be_v more_o manifest_a ergo_fw-la before_o another_o and_o more_o strong_o argue_v dissentanea_fw-la in_o the_o plural_a number_n because_o one_o argument_n serve_v for_o they_o both_o ergo_fw-la one_o name_n and_o because_o they_o aâ—e_v equal_o manifest_a again_o to_o set_v one_o before_o another_o be_v to_o say_v it_o be_v strong_a than_o the_o other_o again_o they_o will_v not_o be_v aeque_fw-la manifesta_fw-la sunt_fw-la diversa_fw-la vel_fw-la oppâ—sita_fw-la we_o be_v to_o look_v at_o the_o dissension_n of_o thing_n now_o there_o be_v a_o more_o weak_a and_o a_o more_o strong_a dissension_n the_o one_o turn_v but_o a_o little_a aside_o other_o turn_v clean_o back_o and_o be_v foe_n ergo_fw-la according_o do_v he_o divide_v these_o now_o remember_v it_o be_v ens_fw-la as_o ens_fw-la that_o logic_n consider_v and_o many_o time_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o one_o thing_n may_v be_v take_v for_o another_o but_o for_o diversity_n and_o common_o our_o distinction_n be_v diversa_fw-la diversa_fw-la be_v a_o more_o light_a dissension_n and_o opposite_n contain_v they_o so_o that_o diversa_fw-la will_v give_v great_a light_n to_o opposita_fw-la but_o not_o contra_fw-la ergo_fw-la diversa_fw-la be_v before_o diversa_fw-la a_o divertendo_fw-la of_o turn_v a_o side_n because_o they_o agree_v one_o with_o another_o common_o in_o dissension_n only_o they_o divert_v a_o little_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o this_o be_v it_o that_o the_o name_n commend_v unto_o we_o they_o may_v agree_v in_o nature_n but_o be_v make_v to_o divert_v ratione_fw-la ratio_fw-la we_o know_v belong_v to_o logic_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o argumentum_fw-la so_o that_o he_o mean_v they_o differ_v but_o only_o in_o some_o logical_a respect_n they_o be_v the_o subtle_a of_o all_o argument_n because_o of_o their_o little_a dissension_n sola_fw-la ratione_fw-la ergo_fw-la they_o do_v not_o of_o necessity_n make_v a_o deny_a axiom_n quo_fw-la de_fw-la genere_fw-la sunt_fw-la illa_fw-la frequentissima_fw-la non_fw-la hoc_fw-la sed_fw-la illud_fw-la quanquam_fw-la tamen_fw-la this_o be_v not_o a_o rule_n of_o art_n but_o a_o commoration_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v these_o argument_n have_v not_o be_v in_o school_n before_o but_o i_o have_v observe_v they_o by_o my_o experience_n and_o then_o again_o they_o be_v subtle_a ergo_fw-la i_o will_v help_v you_o when_o you_o find_v ergo_fw-la these_o note_n common_o commend_v unto_o you_o diversa_fw-la so_o forma_fw-la and_o facundia_fw-la be_v make_v to_o disagree_v in_o their_o adjunctive_a nature_n in_o respect_n of_o ulysses_n so_o that_o they_o differ_v not_o in_o their_o nature_n but_o only_o in_o logical_a respect_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o may_v both_o be_v adjunct_n to_o one_o subject_n but_o yet_o differ_v in_o ulysses_n priamus_n be_v ready_a to_o perish_v and_o yet_o withhold_v not_o his_o hand_n a_o man_n perish_v shall_v hold_v his_o hand_n but_o priamus_n do_v not_o so_o that_o causa_fw-la and_o effectum_fw-la which_o may_v consent_v be_v here_o diversa_fw-la not_o in_o respect_n of_o priamus_n but_o of_o themselves_o paula_n secus_fw-la in_o eunucho_fw-la he_o mean_v there_o be_v a_o difference_n of_o modus_fw-la suppose_v i_o be_v worthy_a of_o this_o reproach_n yet_o thou_o shall_v not_o tell_v i_o of_o it_o here_o be_v subjectum_fw-la and_o adjunctum_fw-la the_o diversity_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n they_o be_v diversa_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o item_n alia_fw-la aliusmodi_fw-la scelus_fw-la tu_fw-la illud_fw-la vocas_fw-la tubero_n here_o be_v a_o little_a difference_n too_o this_o fact_n be_v call_v scelus_fw-la by_o tubero_n tully_n tell_v he_o other_o give_v it_o other_o name_n alii_fw-la enim_fw-la errorem_fw-la appellant_n alii_fw-la timorem_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o no_o man_n beside_o thou_o call_v it_o scelus_fw-la here_o these_o name_n be_v make_v divers_a in_o respect_n of_o he_o that_o call_v it_o scelus_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v call_v it_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n but_o call_v it_o not_o scelus_fw-la and_o thus_o we_o have_v hear_v diversa_fw-la if_o i_o say_v though_o he_o be_v
rich_a or_o poor_a yet_o he_o be_v honest_a here_o be_v a_o diversity_n for_o so_o a_o discreet_a axiom_n may_v be_v affirm_v they_o be_v divers_a because_o riches_n common_o make_v unhonest_a and_o also_o poverty_n so_o we_o may_v make_v diversity_n between_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n or_o in_o give_v many_o cause_n to_o one_o effect_n aut_fw-la contra_fw-la or_o one_o subject_n to_o a_o adjunct_n aut_fw-la contra_fw-la or_o many_o subject_n to_o one_o adjunct_n aut_fw-la contra_fw-la and_o according_a to_o these_o way_n also_o there_o may_v be_v several_a modi_fw-la thereof_o chap._n xiii_o de_fw-fr disperatis_fw-la opposita_fw-la sunt_fw-la dissentanea_fw-la que_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o re_fw-la dissentiunt_fw-la in_o look_v at_o thing_n we_o first_o see_v the_o cause_n that_o give_v esse_fw-la than_o the_o compliment_n that_o give_v be_v esse_fw-la to_o the_o thing_n than_o we_o see_v what_o it_o be_v not_o and_o easy_o do_v by_o see_v they_o argument_n that_o give_v esse_fw-la and_o first_o we_o be_v to_o see_v the_o diversity_n which_o though_o they_o be_v conformable_a yet_o they_o do_v divert_v somewhat_o one_o from_o another_o and_o they_o be_v first_o because_o they_o give_v light_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o follow_v now_o we_o come_v to_o see_v their_o opposition_n that_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o have_v their_o cause_n effect_n subject_n and_o adjunct_n be_v not_o only_o dissent_v in_o a_o logical_a respect_n but_o be_v distinct_a real_n opposita_fw-la gain_n set_v it_o come_v of_o ob_n and_o pono_fw-la as_o it_o be_v set_v against_o ob_fw-la be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o bolt_n to_o bar_v one_o thing_n from_o another_o so_o that_o their_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v bar_v not_o only_a ratione_fw-la but_o it_o be_v principal_o in_o their_o realty_n and_o herein_o do_v diversa_fw-la differ_v from_o opposite_n diversa_fw-la be_v make_v to_o disagree_v in_o that_o wherein_o they_o may_v agree_v whereas_o opposite_n dissent_v in_o their_o nature_n sunt_fw-la dissentanea_fw-la we_o hear_v they_o be_v call_v dissentanea_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o their_o disagree_v they_o do_v not_o sentire_fw-la idem_fw-la but_o quot_fw-la capita_fw-la tot_fw-la sensus_fw-la sunt_fw-la among_o they_o whereas_o consentany_n be_v of_o the_o same_o judgement_n and_o these_o name_n do_v well_o fit_a argument_n because_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o thing_n dissentanea_fw-la that_o be_v such_o as_o think_v asunder_o be_v sever_v and_o distract_v our_o thought_n que_fw-fr ratione_fw-la &_o re_fw-la dissentiunt_fw-la ratione_fw-la that_o be_v as_o diversa_fw-la do_v because_o they_o do_v not_o only_o disagree_v quatenus_fw-la argumenta_fw-la that_o be_v as_o they_o have_v logical_a respect_n in_o they_o but_o quatenus_fw-la they_o be_v res_fw-la as_o black_a be_v not_o white_a they_o be_v opposite_n and_o there_o be_v a_o bar_n that_o black_a can_v be_v white_a &_o contra_fw-la which_o opposition_n be_v in_o their_o dissension_n be_v clean_o of_o another_o judgement_n so_o that_o there_o be_v dissension_n betwixt_o they_o in_o sensu_fw-la nostro_fw-la in_o behold_v of_o they_o re._n as_o if_o we_o say_v black_a be_v not_o white_a we_o say_v not_o only_o that_o black_a be_v not_o the_o cause_n not_o the_o effect_n subject_n or_o adjunct_n of_o white_a but_o that_o they_o be_v divers_a thing_n in_o nature_n ergo_fw-la this_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o bar_n be_v not_o only_o the_o bar_n of_o rational_a respect_n but_o of_o reality_n itaque_fw-la eidem_fw-la attribui_fw-la secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la idem_fw-la etc._n etc._n sure_o if_o they_o be_v bar_v from_o come_v one_o at_o another_o and_o that_o in_o nature_n then_o non_fw-la possunt_fw-la eidem_fw-la attribui_fw-la as_o first_o when_o i_o say_v blackness_n be_v not_o whiteness_n and_o again_o when_o as_o i_o say_v blackness_n and_o whiteness_n can_v be_v give_v to_o the_o same_o subject_n here_o the_o one_o dissension_n be_v in_o essence_n the_o other_o be_v in_o accident_n ergo_fw-la this_o idem_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o essence_n itself_o and_o likewise_o the_o subject_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la take_v away_o all_o possibility_n of_o join_v in_o one_o ergo_fw-la whatsoever_o makeâ—_n they_o consent_n break_v this_o rule_n for_o whereas_o this_o rule_n say_v sunt_fw-la dissentanea_fw-la they_o make_v they_o consentanea_fw-la and_o again_o whereas_o this_o rule_n say_v non_fw-la possunt_fw-la eidem_fw-la attribui_fw-la they_o say_v they_o may_v attribui_fw-la the_o attribute_n be_v always_o the_o consequent_a part_n of_o the_o axiom_n so_o that_o if_o we_o give_v they_o to_o subject_n they_o can_v be_v give_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o subject_n they_o may_v be_v the_o consequent_a but_o not_o the_o antecedent_n part_n so_o that_o contrary_n must_v be_v attribute_v for_o when_o i_o say_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n aut_fw-la brutum_fw-la i_o give_v they_o both_o to_o animal_n but_o not_o eidem_fw-la now_o antecedent_n contrary_n will_v have_v contrary_a consequent_n est_fw-la enim_fw-la par_fw-fr ratio_fw-la now_o they_o do_v dissentire_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o re_fw-mi ergo_fw-la can_v any_o way_n be_v consentany_n ergo_fw-la can_v be_v make_v by_o any_o mean_n to_o agree_v secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la according_a to_o the_o same_o divers_z think_v this_o be_v put_v in_o in_o respect_n of_o relate_v because_o of_o the_o example_n that_o follow_v pater_fw-la &_o filius_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la but_o it_o have_v a_o more_o general_a respect_n of_o opposite_n in_o their_o whole_a nature_n else_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v teach_v more_o special_o in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o relate_v now_o two_o contrary_n may_v be_v give_v eidem_fw-la but_o not_o secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la &_o adidem_fw-la &_o eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la eidem_fw-la that_o be_v eidem_fw-la genere_fw-la not_o eidem_fw-la specie_fw-la as_o a_o man_n may_v be_v well_o and_o a_o man_n may_v be_v sick_a but_o not_o the_o same_o man_n so_o that_o secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la have_v respect_n to_o the_o same_o individuality_n as_o it_o be_v or_o species_n so_o homo_fw-la may_v be_v aeger_fw-la and_o sanus_fw-la but_o not_o secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la for_o that_o identity_n can_v be_v now_o ratio_fw-la be_v give_v homini_fw-la secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la for_o herein_o omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la idem_fw-la still_o there_o be_v idem_fw-la for_o if_o we_o consider_v they_o not_o about_o idem_fw-la they_o be_v not_o opposite_n then_o again_o there_o must_v be_v the_o same_o respect_n and_o also_o ad_fw-la idem_fw-la that_o be_v the_o very_a same_o point_n for_o whiteness_n in_o the_o wall_n and_o whiteness_n in_o my_o hand_n be_v neither_o attribute_v eidem_fw-la nor_o secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la eodem_fw-la tempore_fw-la for_o if_o they_o be_v diversis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la than_o they_o may_v both_o agree_v eidem_fw-la as_o homo_fw-la nunc_fw-la sedens_fw-la potest_fw-la deinceps_fw-la ambulare_fw-la so_o all_o these_o respect_n come_v from_o be_v dissentanea_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o re_fw-mi so_o that_o all_o these_o must_v be_v respect_v so_o that_o black_a and_o white_a in_o general_n be_v not_o opposite_n but_o as_o they_o be_v consider_v in_o their_o dissent_v and_o opposite_a nature_n so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o opposite_n if_o ex_fw-la indocto_fw-la fit_a doctus_fw-la here_o be_v a_o difference_n of_o time_n and_o by_o this_o rule_n we_o may_v answer_v almost_o all_o the_o fallation_n that_o be_v make_v that_o fallation_n a_o divisione_n be_v from_o hence_o therefore_o this_o be_v a_o consecution_n from_o the_o definition_n go_v before_o and_o principal_o from_o the_o word_n re_fw-mi sic_fw-la socrates_n albus_fw-la &_o after_o eadem_fw-la parte_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la itaque_fw-la ex_fw-la altero_fw-la affirmato_fw-la alterum_fw-la negatur_fw-la &_o e_fw-la contra_fw-la et_fw-la e_fw-la contra_fw-la follow_v from_o hence_o for_o ramus_n leave_v it_o in_o his_o edition_n and_o if_o econtra_fw-la be_v not_o put_v in_o the_o rule_n be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o if_o we_o have_v a_o example_n where_o ex_fw-la altero_fw-la negato_fw-la alterum_fw-la affirmatur_fw-la that_o have_v otherwise_o no_o rule_n here_o ergo_fw-la we_o must_v say_v &_o e_fw-la contra_fw-la for_o they_o that_o leave_v it_o out_o as_o most_o have_v do_v since_o ramus_n here_o be_v their_o mistake_n because_o they_o think_v it_o be_v not_o a_o necessary_a consecution_n but_o contingent_a now_o ramus_n do_v not_o teach_v we_o consecution_n that_o belong_v to_o syllogism_n but_o argument_n use_v &_o if_o it_o be_v but_o contingent_o true_a yet_o it_o may_v belong_v to_o logic_n as_o well_o as_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o it_o be_v very_o common_a in_o speech_n to_o say_v it_o be_v not_o this_o or_o that_o but_o another_o thing_n again_o the_o meaning_n of_o these_o two_o be_v this_o ex_fw-la altero_fw-la affirmato_fw-la alterum_fw-la negatur_fw-la that_o be_v they_o both_o can_v be_v affirm_v for_o he_o teach_v invention_n here_o and_o not_o judgement_n &_o e_fw-la contra_fw-la that_o be_v they_o can_v