Fraginetta of the Family of the Forum Julianum and because his Parents and the Priests saw that he was a double Man he was baptized by the Name of Lazarus and John Baptist he was then twenty eight years of Age when I heard from him and saw these things Histories also witness that some are born with double Members Heads Arms Double and treble Parts and Feet and other lesser parts it is usuall to see six Fingers upon a Hand Six Fingers two Thumbs one lesser growing to the greater somtimes six Toes upon one Foot and seven upon another some have three Stones one Cod Three Stones these are called Triorcheis and this is very probable to be as well as in other parts of the body but this I have found by Experience to be a hard excrescens growing to the semenaries being insensible but like a stone The Teeth do not alwaies keep the same number some have two ranks of Teeth beneath which doth not deform or hinder Hairs because numberless are disorderly when they are in places improper for them and so are a Disease in number increased but when they abound they are a Disease in magnitude increased where we shall treat of them be cause then hairs do not grow anew but they which were before in the Pores for there is no Pore but hath a hair in it hidden and concealed do then grow manifest The greatest and most usuall Desormities are in the deficiency of number The Want of Parts as when some Instruments are wanting in the birth as we have seen some monsters wanting both Arms who have written and done other things with their Feet instead thereof as I saw Anno 1652. Nov. 29. a Woman born without Arms which gave her Child such and car ried it like a Nurse making also divers things with her Feet and with more dexterity then many could do with their hands Her Name was Maudlin Rudolphs of Thuinbut in the chief City of Sweedland being above sorty years of age and the year after February 20. I saw one that way a crooked Dwarf born without Arms that exercised all things with his feet which were to be done with hands with dexterity to the admiration of the Beholders his Name was Theodorick Stieb of Vienna an Austrian These are rare but the number of the parts is more usually by chance then by birth as by imputation which happens to parts that are most extended as have Feet Fingers Nose and Ears or when the Eyes are put out or flesh is lost from them which is called Rhyas Hither may be referred gelding Rhyat which though it be not in an apparent part and brings no Desormity apparent yet because when both Stones are cut out other Deformities follow especially if it be done in Youth which will declare them to be Eunuches as a womanlike voice want of a beard so it causeth Deformity apparent The Teeth are often defective in number not only in age which is common to all Want of Teeth but many loose their fore teeth which is an uncomely sight when the Mouth is open but this is no defect in Children for they will have others succeed The grinding teeth are also often taken out for Rottenness by which their number is fewer We have observed that the whol Nailes both of Toes and Fingers have fallen off of their own accord Fall of Nailes and sometimes others have grown up and sometimes not these are difficultly taken of by force The loss of Hair is usuall especially in the Head Want of Hair where being longest they cause the greatest Deformity being wanting as when there is Baldness all over this is ordinary to old and sometimes it befalls young People The Disease called Alopecia is a falling of the hair from some long and violent disease aforegoing Alopceia leaving the head bald in divers parts or equally about the hinder part of the Head and the Temples when it comes from the Pox Ophiasis or when two bald places reach on both sides from the hinder part of the head to the fore-head as in Ophiasis The same happens to the Beard the hair falls off inordinately and leave it thin or the Chin bare and this is when the hair of the Head falls most usuall and it is so with the Eye-brows and Eye-lids and especially in an Elephantiasis or Leprosie the same sometimes befalls all other hairy Parts The Deformity which is from magnitude increased hath two kinds The over largness of the whole Body first the increase of parts beyond their prescribed bounds which is commonly originall and this sometimes happens to the whol body not when one Man is bigger then any in that Country with Proportion and strength agreable without impediment this is not I say preternaturall but when the body is so excessive long or big as the party is burdened therewith and cannot exercise his functions deforming rather than setting forth the structure Such monsters are somtimes seen and I saw a wench in Durner in Basil not five years old bigger then any ordinary fat Woman The parts also of the Body are often bigger then ordinary and so bring Deformity and hinder action Over great parts and over large Orifices some are born with too big a Head some whereof we find to be fools some have Necks Feet Fingers disproportionable a long Nose broad Ears great Eyes long and large Teeth especially when one Tooth groweth into the cavity of the opposite Tooth whith is lost hitherto belong the over large Orifices a wide Mouth Nostrils and other parts too large these are Deformities but not Diseases except they hinder actions as when the Tongue is so big they cannot speak and Nayles so thick that they cannot take up small things besides which fault if they grow too long they are inserviceable this is rather from neglect of cutting then any other thing The like may be said of Hair if it grow too long for want of trimming The too great increase of Nayles and Hair either in parts where it usually or not usually groweth as when it covers the Forehead which is vulgarly counted more comely when bare especially it is counted very unseemly for a Woman to have a beard in which places if the hair be shaved yet the roots remaining it will grow again and shew the Deformity sometimes one are more hairs growing in a Wart deform the Face if they grow where hair should not be as upon a womans Chin resembling a beard The other kind of Deformity from magnitude increased Too much Flesh eomprehends Carnosity and Fatness and this is when from the aboundance of flesh or fat the Body or any parts thereof are so increased that it lookes not onely unseemly but is slow heavy and unwildy to perform duties these are for the most part idle sloathfull and drowsy and if they be so when yong they live not to be old as Hippocrates saith fleshy Men are shorter
Furfures because they fall off as dandrow from the Head scratched or combed This if usuall and falling thick upon the cloaths is a Deformity especially if it fal from the beard or Eye-brows or from other places where hair groweth not Hitherto is referred the Disease in French called Pelatella The Scalos in the palm of the hand called in French Paelatalla as when the skin is unequally divided in the Palm of the Hand and full of Scales which though it itch not they are alwaies picking which is noysome Those Deformities which come from the dissolved connexion of The separation of the Jaws from the Teeth parts if thereby the part be wholly taken off they belong to the Diseases of number deficient but if they still stick to the Body they belong to this kind as when the Teeth are loose and bare at the Root and will not be sastned to the Gums The third kind in which the Figure and proportion of parts deformed The continuation or growing together of parts that should be divided is when parts that should be divided continue and grow together as comes to pass by birth as well as by accidents divers waies by which the Functions are hindered as when any Orifices are closed as the Nostrils Lipps Eye-brows Fundament Womb the hole of the prepuce when either by birth or other accident breathing eating seeing evacuation or generation is hindered As also the glewing together of some parts though it be not hurtfull it is ugly as when two Toes grow together which often is from the birth but it is less offensive then the growing together of the Fingers To this preternatural continuation of parts An indecent and firme conjunction of parts may be referred that by which the parts are conjoyned so that they cannot be separated As when from a Convulsion the Mouth continueth closed which because it rather hinders and takes away action then deformeth shall be mentioned in hurt Action Hitherto belongs the mutuall and close intrication of hair which cannot be separated but is like a love-lock which the Germans cal Scherletin Sopf because it is supposed to be done by the fayries and the incubi The fourth kind of Deformity in Figure The Deformity of scituaation from luxations and fractures is when the scituation of a part is perverted or transmuted and one part inclined or translated into an other by which the continued Figure of the Member is destroyed Such is that which happens to the Feet Vari crooked Leggs when they bend inward or outward And that in the Toes which are continually used to straight Shoes and so in time are bent awry and sometimes laid upon the Foot As also abreviation elongation and crookedness of Members from luxations and breaking of Bones in divers parts belong hereunto these spoil the Figure of the part as well as hinder the Functions But chiefly Crookedness of back which destroys not only the shape of breast and back Gib bout or crooked Backs but makes the whol body short crooked and unhansome brings Deformity to Mankind Hitherto may be referred the Rupture or Falling of Entrals into the Cod or other parts causing Deformity But because then the tumour and falling forth is rather to be thought upon then the desormity it shall be spoken of in Diseases of Excretion in Extuberances Tumors or things thrust forth of the Body Also to this Deformity which comes from the perversion or altering of the scituation of parts belongs Eyes sticking forth Gogle Eyes or prominency so called when the Eyes are too much outward and yet without offence or hurt but yet uncomely whether it be from birth or accident Also here we may comprehend the looseness of Teeth especially those before Loose Teeth We have seen some who could bend the whol row of Teeth before foreward Also Teeth hanging forth though fixed are unseemly Teeth hanging forth and when they are not placed even and Nayles also when out of place or moveable though they presently fall not yet are a Deformity Loose Nayles The Causes of Deformity All the immediate Causes of the Deformities mentioned depend either upon adherent as adventitious causes those are inherent which come from the birth as we have declared and they consist either in number or magnitude abounding or deficient or in uncomly shape when parts are not rightly proportioned or divided or when they are continued or grown together And this comes chiefly from the seed of the Parents The indisposition plenty or want commission or permutation of the parents seed is the cause of Diseases naturall in number magnitude and figure in the Body or members as in the Teeth Nayles Hair of which all parts are made and Children sometimes resemble the Father somtimes the mother in likeness and sex and if the seed be unclean not only the externall members of flesh and skin receive the same but also the hair and the Nayles because as I have shewed in my Anatomy they are cartilagenous parts neither do they come from Excrements as is the vulgar Opinion of hair but from that seed in the first procreation as is to be seen in Infants or Embryons But after what manner the Father or Mothers seed should propagate these Deformities to their Children is a hard Question nor otherwise to be defined but from some indecent indisposition of the Seed which coming from all parts it receives from the corrupt and as they offend in figure magnitude or number so doth it impress the same in the Childs formation in the same parts producing either the like in part of the same Deformities But this doth not alwaies happen that when any parts exceed or are defective in number or magnitude the Child should have the same for often children have their Members compleat which the Parents have wanted by birth or by amputation though in some they are weaker But in the hair of the Head and beard we see often that they are more or fewer thinner or thicker and of divers colours like their Parents in the Children as we shall shew in the Chapter of discoloration And it is plain that it comes from the Seed and is hereditary because black Moores have black and curled hair all by Nature and the cause is the Seed which produceth an obliquity in the Pores of the Skin so that the hairs which comes through those Pores not directly but obliquely are curled so doth the Seed cause these matted locks which some have by the formation of the Pores when many oblique Pores are joyned together in the skin from whence grow more hairs in a little place being curled and wound together and they are born so It may also come from the plenty of Seed that more and greater parts then are needfull be produced as the contrary from the defect thereof which as it may be in any part so in the Teeth and Hair that they may be more or fewer Also the Child may have an
with a moderate heat it will not do the like and after the other way the teeth will also come forth Also Nayles and beasts Hooses with greater heat will come off The tender parts may be consumed by knawing and rotting Medicines as the Jaws and flesh in the Eyes c. Corroding and putrefying Medicines are the cause of consuming of the parts and fal of Hair and there are things called Psilothra or Depilatoryes which take away hair by Art these do it rather by consuming the Roots of the hairs then by opening the Pores Some of the Deformities mentioned come from internal causes namely from divers Humors and Diseases or by one part forcing another as I have shewed as by Blood since the parts are not only nourished and augmented by it so long as a Man groweth but after whatsoever is consumed is restored by the same And this consuming of parts comes from the Blood divers waies either in respect of its Quantity and the Fatness of the parts if the Blood abound in quantity it makes the parts too fleshy by too much Nourishment and this is not only when Bodies are growing but afterwards Plenty of Blood is the cause of much Flesh and then they grow exceeding fleshy and if this come not hereditary from the seed and blood of the Parents it must needs come from Blood Hence it is that plethorick Bodies are so carnous or fleshy of which Plethory or Fulness as there are divers causes so often and plentifull feeding is not the least This Appetite is stirred up by exercise of body because by that Meat is quickly distributed therefore Men that exercise moderately grow fleshy and gross as it was with the wrestlers in old time Rest also which is the contrary may cause the same for they which are idle and sedentary and given to much eating seeing they spend little of the substance of their Bodies and still are devouring grow very big and gross This grossness may also come from the suppression of Naturall Evacuation of blood Hence Women at that time when their courses leave them although formerly when they had them constantly and nourished their Children they were lean and slender grow very corpulent and gross From these causes you may gather that as from the aboundance of Blood flesh is produced so by the want hereof there is Leanness and Slenderness The want of blood cause of leanness But as the blood causeth flesh to be more or less so it maketh some parts to be greater or lesser as when the Juyce made thereof is more proper or less agreeable to such a part This is so in that time wherein people grow as then both soft and hard parts as bones increase but after only those parts increase which are decreased by externall injuries The aboundance or want of nourishment is the cause why some parts are bigger then others as Nayles Hair which grow thick and long or fall as in the teeth Nayles and Hair but after a divers manner for in the Teeth if one be not worn away by another which is opposite in chawing then the nourishing juyce abounding makes the tooth that hath no opposite to grow longer then the rest but in the Nayles and Hair if they have too much Nourishment they grow not only soon longer but thicker The cause of Nayles growing so is strong motion about the Roots thereof when the Hands are often violently exercised and there is an extraordinary attraction of Juyce hence is it that labouring Men have thickest Nayles This also may come by often paring especially if before they be bathed in warm water for then the juyce attracted makes them by degrees more thick The same is in hair which when it first comes forth like down upon the Chin if it be often shaved growes apparently thicker and longer It may also happen that from the defect of that juyce which nourisheth Nayles and Hair that that which growes after cutting is thinner then the former But it is more usuall that they should fall from the dryness of the Roots for want of Nourishment especially hair wherefore when Medicines are made for growing of hair they attract juyce by their heat as we shall shew in the Treatise thereof by which the Root is mantained for the want of juyce is the cause of baldness for though hair grows upon the Skin of the head and continue some time there yet after some long before aged some at the aproach of old Age grow bald because the Head grows less fleshy and is made up of bones skin and membranes therefore that part is soonest dry and so becometh bald This may come also from externall injuries which dry the body as from internall Cares from which Histories mention that Men have not only become gray suddenly by drying the hair but also bald by drying up the Moisture In other parts of the Body as the Nayles if from the same juyce which nourisheth other extuberances arise in regard they are tumors we shall speak of them in their order There is also another Fault in the figure of parts from the aboundance of Nourishment The nourishing juyce sweating forth is the cause of uniting the parts for by the nourishing juyce some parts that ought to be disjoyned are united for if the Skin be taken off and parts by Nature separated be laid together the juyce which cometh forth from both will unite them for this like Glue conjoyneth wounds and bones If the Blood be fat the body is sat Fatness in blood is the cause of fatness in body and the contrary if lean it is lean for seeing all blood consists of a fat matter as Milk of a buttery matter and that by sweating from the Veins in the membranous parts and not by congealing through cold as it was supposed in regard the Body is alwaies actually hot inwardly but of its own Nature grows together being separated from the Blood and so joyns to the Members as Glue increasing the substance of the Body as there is more or less of it in the Blood so there is more or less of it gathered together for the increase of the Body from which cause rather than from Flesh are bodies greater or less but this happens not to the whol Body but to those places in which Naturally fat is used to be more then in others as in the Belly and breasts of Women c. The reason why there is more or less fat in Blood is from the quantity of blood for in much blood there must be much Fat and hence Bodies grow more fat and fleshy or more lean and thin But if Blood not only in regard of its aboundance hath much Fat in it but also of its own Nature though it abound naturally in quantity be over fat which appears by that which swims at the top after it is taken out which the vulgar Chyrurgions call Flegm then those Bodies are more fat than fleshy which Fatness comes not only
from the constitution which is inclinable thereunto but from eating fat Meats with which some are much affected Also divers kinds of Deformities proceed from Humors and Diseases Evil ulcers are causes of consumtion of parts as Diseases of number deficient if not from externall causes as in Ulcers some parts are consumed by suppuration and corruption The Gravel of the Teeth makes the Gums separate which as in other parts so in the Eyes and Nose and Gums which usually are separated from the teeth by the gravell that grows underneath upon them and by which they are hindered from uniting together The cause of loose Teeth is a defluxion into the places where they are set Also the Loosness and Falling of teeth comes from a Defluxion into the the holes where they are set which moistneth and loosneth the Fibres and Membranes by which they are knit And also when any corrupt Humor is in the places where they are set it causeth them to fall out by corroding of their Roots As we have observed in great Diseases Also a corrupt Humor about the Roots of the Teeth causeth their loosness and falling out that the Teeth have afterwards fallen out And in the Pox by the use of Quick-silver after a Flux of spitting the teeth have been loose and sometimes fallen out Also the Falling of hair come from Diseases and evill Humors A Feaver causeth Hair to fall off when the roots are dried or made less and consumed thereby This comes from burning Feavers which do not onely dry the Body but the Roots of the Hairs which are soft and so they are attenuated and consumed as we may observe in the declination of Feavers In the Alopecia and Ophiasis when evill Humors are gathered about the Pores of the Skin An evil humor about the roots of the Hair causeth it to fall off they eat and consume the Roots of the hair and make them fal this they do by their sharpness and maglignity and not by loosning them with their moistness as some suppose because such Humors as are only moist and not malignant and sharp do never cause Falling of Hair Which Humors as they may come from divers causes so especially they be sent thither by an acute Disease and by Heat the Root of the hairs may be dried which may cause the Falling of hair And it is manifest that this comes from malignant Humors because in those Diseases which are venemous and fix more upon the Skin then upon other parts and produce divers Deformities thereon as in the Elephantiasis and French Pox the hair chiefly falls away in those places whereunto the Humors have most resorted In the Nayls also as we have said since they are of the same cartilaginous Substance with the hairs The heat of a Feaver is the cause of impression upon the Nayls and of their loosnese and stick only to the Skin as they do the same thing may happen and may suffer from the same causes with the hair and fall wholl off from the Fingers but more seldom because they are Naturally more firm yet somtimes from the heat of a Feaver they grow dry about the Roots or partly consume and after when the Feaver is gone they grow again with an Impression upon them and a kind of separation Also from an evill quality such as takes away hair in the Elephantiasis and French Pox An evil Humor is the cause of the corrosion and filthiness of the Nayls the Roots of the Nayls may be infected and receive such a blemish by which though they fall not off alwaies as hair doth or be consumed yet they may have such a filth that they may appear ugly and deformed thereby Also the number of parts is diminished by another part thrusting off the former as in the teeth The teeth and nayles throw themselves or by new which in young people grow up by degrees till they throw out the old This is also but seldome in Nayls a new growing will cast off that which is above and this is from aboundance of Moisture The Cure That Deformity which ariseth from number abounding if it come from the Birth The abounding of some parts either in the body or any Member and cause no impediment in regard it cannot be cured but by cutting off must not be attempted except it may be taken off without danger of life or lameness But if it hinder not much and may be taken off without danger then you may adventure as when there is a Tooth too many which hinders chewing which is seldom you may pull it out A sixth finger being yet small and weak may be taken off with a Raysor or Pincers which done The taking off of the sixth Finger as we said in wounds you must presently stanch the blood and cure it accordingly If any parts be wanting either from Birth or chance The cure of the want of some parts as of the Stones as when the Stones are cut out they can no waies be restored neither in Man or Beast as they may in Plants whose branches being cut off grow again Nature doth this but not Art Therefore here is no need of a Physitian but for the preventing of the perishing of a limb by keeping off external injuries and diverting of other Causes Yet there are some who rectifie Deformities The artificiall reparation of parts lost as a Foot a Hand an Arm a Nose an Eye by artificiall Instrument to supply parts that are lost make new Feet Arms Hands artificiall which are sometimes so flexible by Joynts that they afford some use for going and holding That horrid deformity of a lost Nose is repaired by a painted one and I have seen an Eye so artificially made of Ivory to be taken out and put in again without pain and constantly to be worn so that none could imagine it to be other then a true Eye only it moved not and the place was moister The teeth falling by chance or otherwise in Infants while the Roots remain The Cure of Teeth lost or by Reason of new Teeth which thrust out the first which are without Root fastned in the holes but held by only a membranous Substance in Children about six or seven years of Age and in Horses and other Creatures about three four or five years of age by which we know their Age is repaired by Nature and others come in their Rooms but if this chance to people in years when the Roots are fixed which are also carried away when the tooth falls or is drawn out or if any stump remain it is unprofitable and they cannot grow again I knew one who is now alive who is as a rare Example being a Man that had two new grinders in the place of teeth that were before plucked out And although while they are sound the teeth grow as they are worn away yet when they are rotten and taken out they will not grow again Yet this
suck The Cure of breasts consumed women use to apply an Acorn cup or half a Nut shell filled with Rosin of the Larix tree to the place where the Niple is wanting and let it stay on some time The Gums being naked as it were without a thick Skin The Cure of Gums consumed being worn away may be restored This is done first by taking away any thing that is rotten about them then rubbing them often with Vinegar of Squils or Oyl and Honey which is stronger with the pouder of Dragon roots and Honey or with Aegyptiacum and Wine and the like clensers and resisters of putrifaction mentioned in the Ulcers of the Mouth Afterwards let them often rub the Gums with drying things that breed flesh and glew the same to the Teeth as with this Pouder Take of Orris Root one dram of the Meale of Oroby two drams of Frankincense or mastich one dram of Sarcocol half a dram of burnt Allum one scruple of Angelica Roots for to give a Sent or Cipress roots as Dioscorides will have or Cloves or of Mosch or Ambergreese a little so make a Pouder Birthwort roots may well be added but they are bitter and Mirrhe but it is unpleasant therefore instead thereof Take Benzoin or Storax Sanguis Draconis is good to be mixed therewith and also Blood stone The ashes of Pennyroyal are good according to Dioscorides burnt Harts horn or Ivory and things aforesaid which six Teeth especially when they are loose by reason of the consuming of the Gums there are also things to rub the teeth mentioned in the Rottenness of teeth that are good Calcine Frankincense and Mastich and mix them with Honey a little pouder of Coral with Salt and Allum and rub therewith The Troches made of Orobus and Honey are used The Ponders may be made up with Honey or Oxymel of Squills into Troches and so dryed and kept for use The straigtness of Orifices as of the Womb and Praepuce or Foreskin if it be such The Cure of straight Orifices as doth not only bring Deformity but hinder Action is to be dilated by incision This may be done safely in a Phimosis by cutting off the Foreskin which is usuall in Circumcision When the womb is too narrow a division made by Infection hath been often practised The Cure of Phimosis though it be more painfull and difficult then the other Therefore first you must begin with the safer way of practise by somenting the part with things that loosen moisten and mollifie as Fomentations and Baths Oyntments or Pessaries such as are prescribed in the hardness of the womb which while you use you must put in a Tent somwhat large made of a dry Gentian root or a Sponge tyed close together that as it swells it may enlarge the Orifice by often use That Leanness which is not by a Consumption but Naturall The Cure of the Leanness of the Body and its parts is seldom altered Otherwise flesh or fat may be caused by things that increase blood and nourishing Juyce as good Diet and rest Natural Evacuations Motions of Body and Mind these will bring a better Habit to the Body When Breasts are lank and hang down they are unseemly The Cure of lank and loose Breasts and women that love to be neate desire their Cure this is done by applying things that make them harder and firmer such astringent and drying things which we said would hinder the growth of Breasts When parts are disproportioned and cause Deformity The Cure of the uncomely Figure of parts besides what is from number or magnitude of which we have spoken as a Head Nose or Mouth imshapen if they be so Naturally they are incurable as also the Teeth and Nayls If the Hair be too curling and much we cut it off The Cure of over curling Hair if little pluck it out but this being not very unseemly is not to be tampered with except it be troublesome as when in the Eye-brows and from thence they bend into the Eyes These hairs are to be rectified by often touching them with the slime of a Snaile or with Glew They say they will grow again when pulled out if the Pores be anointed with Oyl in which a Lizard hath been boiled or with Frogs blood especially if it be mixed with the pouder of Laurel root or the ashes of Organ Some desire their Hair may curle Things that cause Hair to curle and this is done by the use of strong astringents such as were mentioned among those which black the hair as the Decoction of Galls Pomegranate peels Cypress Nuts Pomegranate flowers and the like made into a Lixinium to which they ad things that cause curling as Daffodill roots and Dwarfe Elder roots and Leaves with the seed of Henbane Also Oyntments made of the same are used as Take of Oyl of Myrtles and Mastich two ounces Oyl of Henbane half an ounce Juyce of Myrtles and Vinegar each one ounce boyl them then add the ashes of Chestnuts Hedghog and Pine nuts each half a dram the shavings of Pams horns Gum Arabick and Draganth each one dram Myrrh half a dram Honey at much as will make an Oyntment They say Mucilages boyled in Water or Lye will do the same if made of Marsh-mallows roots Linseed Foenugreek and Fleabane seed and Gum Arabick this they beleeve will so soften the hair that they will be fitter to curle or the Pores being loosned thereby and made larger the hairs will come forth more crooked Others add Fern-roots Beets and Lythargy and when the hairs are dry anoint with Oyl of Myrtles Some anoint with the Roots of Dwarf Elder mixed with Oyl Women do more certainly with crisping Irons and when they go to Bed they twist them and with great pains put them under their Head geare and in the morning being combed out they continue curled the whol day If there be a Division of any part which should be united whether after the Cure of some wound The Cure of the separation of parts which should be united at of the hare Lip or Naturall if it be in a fleshy part it may be united as that of the upper Lip which Children are born with called a hare Lip in Dutch Hasenschart it will be united if it be cut on both sides and after the Lips be joyned together with Needles wrap about with Silk or with sowing and a Plaister laid over till it be cured this you may try in any other part where there is Deformity or Hindrance and in fleshy parts it will be done but scarsely in other parts Also these may be artificially united if you first take of the skin upon each side and apply sticking Plaisters to the sides with double or treble Clouts and Buttons with which and good Ligature the parts divided will be drawn together and united If the Gums be separated from the Teeth by biting hard things The Cure of Gums separated from the Teeth
speak are not of pure choller nor the Freakles which we have shewed to proceed from Nutriment as other spots and Pustles which rather trouble with heat and pain then discolour as Anthonies fire of which we spake concerning pain Divers spots rise from evil humors in malignant Diseases as in pure Evil Humors in malignant Diseases are the cause of evil spots in infectious Feavers and the Pox. putrid malignant pestilential and venemous Feavers and in the small Pox Elephantiasis Scurvey and the like as we shewed Which Humors or Poysons by what force they do it in those Diseases which they cause as well as spots we have shewed as much as we could find out in such hidden Causes The colour of the Skin is poluted by filth adhering Filth is the cause of an evil Colour in the Skin under the Nails and of the Yellowness and Blackness of the Teeth as we shall shew when we speak thereof in things cast off Also the dirt that gets in between the Nail and the Skin where they are divided shining through the Nails make them look black and filthy The teeth are very subject to pollution and either yellow or blew or black and when they are most white it appears soonest the causes whereof we shall shew hereafter in things rejected The Skin External colours are the causes of Discoloration of skin Nails and Teeth Teeth and Nails and Hair may have divers Colours from divers fouling things or that discolour So the skin of the Hands is made black by touching of Walnuts and so continueth for some daies sometimes it is made yellow red blew or the like by herbs and Paints And the Americans do paint themselves being naked that they may be comely And wanton Boys with us scarifying the skin and rubbing in Gun pouder do make certain Markes and Characters thereupon very artificially Also the Teeth are so coloured among which astringent things do chiefly black the Teeth The Nails are discoloured and made black in Curriers by often touching Lime and Lye or Lixivium and it lasteth long Heat as we shewed by attracting the Blood makes a lively red Colour Heat which enlargeth the skin is the cause of a red and lively color Cold which thickneth the skin is the cause of a dull Colour and cold by repressing the Blood makes Paleness also Heat by dilating the skin makes the red colour shine forth better and cold by astringing makes it less clear and this is the cause that they which are hot have a fresher Colour and they which are cold are more swarthy Also over dryness of the skin changeth the Colour and makes it more obscure The dryness of the skin is the cause of a worse Colour as black because by Dryness the skin is made thicker and by astringency or binding it wrinkled because thickness makes it black and Wrinkles making a shaddow render it more obscure as we see the skin being burnt and dryed by the heat of the Sun becomes blacker and being withered by age it is more dusty and black The same comes to pass if the skin be made by a Disease or looser by the Consumption of the flesh under it becomes wrinkled which before was stretched out or if over moistned with bathing it will wrinkle In the Eyes there are white Spots or Scars by reason of the horny Tunicle dried and made hard And by reason of the drying of the watery Humor this white spot or suffusion The dryness of the Membranes of the Eye is the cause of the white spots therein appears through the seat of the horny tunicle that is night against it when the prespicuity with which the Tunicle and Humor ought to be adorned is lost and that Whiteness follows it And we see the raw white of an Egg is clear and bright but being boiled or rosted it becomes exactly white and looseth its prespicuity We have sufficiently declared in the defects of the sight which come from spots what is the driness and hardness in the bright parts of the Eye and from what causes it cometh There are also white spots in the Nails The dryness of the Nails is the cause of the white spots in them where their transparency is lost in a point from the like causes and this comes from the Nourishment if there be in it the least portion differing from that which should repair and preserve the clear substance of the Nails though it be sit to nourish otherwise being different from the thick Nourishment of the Bones and mixed with this more bright Nourishment of the Nails the Nail makes that portion which is contrary unto it obscure white and not clear white as the rest is And this is most usual in young People because while their Bodies grow their bones grow also and it is then more plentiful because they abound with Nourishment and there may easily cause these spots as we have declared divers hard Tumors to grow from the confusion of nourishing juyce Moreover we have observed that the Nails have not been only streaked with white spots in some parts but that in some old people they have been all thick white they being so dryed by age and hardned that they have totally lost their cleaness and transparency from this reason we may observe that Hornes Bones and Quills being burnt grow white The same is in hair The dryness of Hair is the cause of Baldness they grow white and grey after they have lost their clearness which the hair hath as well as the Nails and the horny Tunicle although by reason of their smaleness it is not so apparent but it may be known by the splendor and shining through dryness and hardness And this happens often to them as to the rest more often because they are very dry and therefore in age they grow dryer as other parts and they are dryed first about the Roots and so grow altogether grey and some sooner some later as they grow dry sooner or later and they are grey either in the beginning or progress or end of their age This is not done by other causes because the hair is not easily altered albeit it is supposed by the vulgar that care and griese wil make them grey which can scarse be done but by their hastening of age although it be recorded that some have suddenly turned grey That hair is white in divers places distinct in some and not in others the uneven Disposition of the hair and the skin wherein they grow may be the cause And this is to be observed that the thicker the hair is the sooner it turnes grey and black sooner then red because when grey hairs appear they are sooner discerned And this is the Cause that the Beard being younger then the hair of the Head yet is sooner grey The Cure The Cure is divers as the Discoloration is either in the Eye or skin Teeth Hair or Nails The convenient Cure of Discolourations of the skin is applied
prevented If every morning you wash with water Wine ãâ¦ã a little Vinegar and rub the Teeth and after use Dentifrices if need require and then wash them again with the same If this should be done dayly as the Teeth need no less washing then the Hands they might be kept clean and sound til old age except some other accident and without these they cannot be kept clean white and uncorrupted Eating keeps the Teeth clean therefore on that side where the Teeth are rotten and they cannot shew is sooner infected and there are scales Therefore let them use to eat one both sides When meat fastned in the Teeth is picked out somthing is taken from the sides because it cannot be so easily come at when it is lodged within as when any filth is without Therefore it is good to dip the Tooth pickers made of wood as was shewed in Salt or Allum water You must take off the hard slakes with Iron Files or flegms for that purpose made broad or sharp CHAP. XIII Of the Voiding of Living Creatures The Kinds THere are some Living Creatures bred in the Body which are wholly besides nature as also the voiding of them And they are either Worms or Insects or Lice As for Fleas it is a doubt whether they be bred in mans body or not but no doubt they come from others There are divers kinds of Worms that come from divers parts of the Body Worms voided by Stool which are like other Worms The long worms are called Lumbrici Long Worms because they are like Earth worms They are round sharp at the both ends like Earth worms shewing neither head nor tail whitish and hard usual in Children They are voided more or fewer usually dead and somtimes alive Divers accidents accompany them the gentlest are pain of the belly gnawing at the Heart sighing a dry Cough Itching of the Nose therefore they rub it constantly grating of the Teeth restlessness heavy dreams which makes them suddenly awake and cry out The great accidents are greediness vomiting loosness Lientery Feaver Convulsion and Swouning The short worms that come from the Fundament are called Ascarides Arsworms they are round like Mites in Cheese or Worms in Ulcers These are voided alive with the Excrements with great itching and bring scarse any other accidents They reckon flat worms with these but because they neither live nor move as the other but are long membranes that grow in the body we shall mention them in other excretions Such Worms come also out at the mouths of Children in their sleep Worms comming out at the mouth and from others at other times causing Vomiting I cannot omit the mentioning of a monsterous worm very great behind the Head like a Canker worm hairy with a black shell like a beatle upon the back with many Legs like an Ear-wig voided by a souldier vomiting after long heart pains Some thought that worms breed in the Teeth within Worms of the Teeth being deceived by the smal Fibres found in broken teeth as in cavities of great bones Some thought them to be Nerves Others Wormes But they may be in hollow teeth The Lumbrici or long worms will come out at the Nose Worms in the Teeth or Mouth and cause itching Somtimes little worms have been blown out at the Nose from an Ulceration there A Bergen Physitian affirmed seriously to me that he saw a hairy worm with many Feet like an Ear-wig sneesed out at the Nose by a woman which a long time before felt a great Itching about her Fore-head It was shewed in Ulcers of the Ears that worms come forth with matter VVorms in the Ears VVorms coughed up VVorms pissed forth Some affirm that men in Consumptions have coughed up worms I saw a Man who had the Colick of whom I spake in the Colick that made Urin with infinite small worms like mites in cheese swimming alive therein which dying sanke down in a great lump to the bottom And I saw the same after in others And have since read of divers that have seen the same VVe shewed in verminous or worm Ulcers VVorms in Vlcers how they bred there VVe have seen in the bottom of the navel a long round worm Navel-wormes such as breeds in meal that thrust it self forth and drew in again Some affirm that the long worms of the Guts have come forth at an Ulcer which hath pierced through the Belly and Guts VVorms in a wound of the Belly It is reported that in some Diseases there are worms in the Arms Dracunculi or little dragons Leggs Thighs and sides called Dracunculi in high Dutch Mittfross But we leave the description of them to them that have seen them Besides these kinds of worms VVorms remaining inclosed in the Body others are bred in the Body where there is no passage for them to get out But after death are found in dissection or Anatomy of which neither the Patient that complained of other Diseases nor the Physitian knew These belong not to things voided or Excreta but to other accidents where they shall be spoken of Under the Heart it is reported that worms breed which prick and molest VVorms under the heart but they express not the part being deceived with those worms that rise to the mouth of the stomach and there molest the Heart For they cannot breed any where about the Heart or Pericardium or under it because it grows to the Midriff Lice come from divers parts of the Superficies of the Body Phtheiriasis or the lousie Disease and cause an Itching molestation which is called Phtheiriasis The kinds whereof are distinguished by the parts of the Body Lice breed most in hairy places Lice in hairy Parts especially the Head usually in Children and poor people and somtimes in other unclean persons When they are grown they are broad with many feet equal because they leap not but creep And they have a black spot in their backs sometimes The young ones are called Nits Somtimes they grow in the Beard and Eye-brows and cause Itching there But are little and are quickly routed from those small quarters Also in the Hair under the Arms VVorms that eat the Hair some teach that the Hair of the Head and Beard may be eaten and cleft with worms or lice scarce visible There are Lice found fastned to the skin about the hairy parts of the Privities Lice that grow to the skin or crab-lice that cause grievous itching and pricking and stick very fast Which the French call Morpions Or kil-Doves because they are like the Lice in Dove-cots that kill Pigeons We call them Crab-lice because they resemble the Crab-fish These somtimes creep into other parts and there stick in the skin There is a peculiar sort of Lice that breeds in the Palms of the Hands Hand-lice and in no other part except the Soles of the Feet under the skin which causeth a little
the progress also purgers must be repeated the humor being first prepared especially if it be thick and they must be reiterated again if the evil yeelds not to the former and that the Patient recover It shall be prepared therefore after this manner Take of the Syrup of Bettony of Hysop each two ounces Oxymel of Squills one ounce Syrup of french Lavender half an ounce Rosemary Sage Bawmwater each two ounces make a Julep for four doses aromatize it with Cinnamon or somwhat else Or take of the opening Roots steeped in Wine each one ounce of Orice half an ounce Angelica two drams Lyquoris six drams the herbs Sage Marjoram Time ground Pine Bettony each half an ounce Anise Fennel seed each one dram Gith Parsley each half a dram the flowers of Rosemary Lavender or french Lavender Elder Primrose each two drams make a Decoction and to a pint and half add Sugar or Honey or some of the foresaid Syrups to sweeten it clarifie it and aromatize it with Cinnamon for four doses Or let these simples be infused in white Wine adding the Topps of the lesser Centory two drams because it doth very much devide Flegm Wormwood three drams to give it a good smell and let him use it If you will make the Syrup for your use add to the forementioned Decoction of bastard Saffron Sena each an ounce and an half Agarick three drams Turbith two drams Ginger one dram and with Honey or Sugar let it boil let him take one ounce at a âime After the same Rule you may make a purging Wine by mixing these Purgers with other things according to art A purging Potion also may be made thus Take of Agarick infused in Oxymel and Sage and Rosemary Waters one dram and an half of Ginger likewise infused one scruple strain it dissolve afterwards of Diaphaenicon and Diacarthanum each two drams and an half make a Potion By the passages destined to purge Flegm as the Mouth Nose and Eyes we must derive the Flegm from the Head with those Medicines which do this by irritating the coat of the Mouth and Nose which is very sensible that the expulsive faculty being stirred up by these may drive forth the Flegm and Tears by these parts and the Eyes adjoyning but when as they are not able to Gargle or Masticate we do not use this form of Head Purgers till they come to themselves But we rub the Palate with those things that draw forth Flegm yet in that quantity and form that if they do fal into the rough Artery of the Apoplectical they may not suffocate them Mustard seed which is very powerful doth so provoke Flegm that it presently moves teares T is boyled in Aqua vita or strong Wine and the Palate is rubbed with that Decoction or reduced into a Pouder and mixt with Honey t is anointed instead of which the common Composition will serve which being made of Mustard seed is used at meals for savce which we may have quickly ready at hand The Root of Pellitory of Spain boyled in Oxymel doth the same used after the same manner Euphorbium also dissolved in Aqua vita and other things that fire the Jaws As also Castor mixed after the like manner and given Some rub the Hierae and other Purging Electuaries on the Palate but without any fruit or benefit instead of which t is better to use the Confection Anacardine which doth somwhat inflame Or make such a Composition Take of Mustard seed long Pepper the root of Pellitory of Spain Pouder them and mix them with Honey and the juyce of Rue Horse-Radish Make an Oyntment we omit the Vinegar which they add because it duls the vertue of those acrid things as we see itcomes to pass in Onions and Radishes if they be eaten with Vinegar A vellication of the coat of the Nostrils which is very sensible doth Egregiously draw forth Flegm either dropping from the Nose without violence and flowing forth by Tares from the Eyes or with a certain violence by sneezing which if it happen to the Apoplectical is a good sign Yet this violent rousing up is not to be attempted in a Sleepiness before the matter be a little emptied least the humor yet filling the Brain being moved do oppress it or suddainly falling into the beginning of the Nerves do breed a convulsion or resolution the which is scarce to be feared in the Apoplexy when as they are no otherwise cured unless a Palsie follow it but these things may be done divers waies amongst which Errhines are less proper when as the sick do not attract them there fore this may be performed after another manner Thus Let the Nostrils be anointed with the same Oyntment which we said ought to be rubbed on the Palate or least that thicker things should stop up the Nostrils which ought to be free for respiration sake in the Apoplectical we must use these that are more thin Take of the juyces of Radish Onions Orrice of each equal parts Let a Feather dipt in these be often put up into the Nose Let the Pouders of Hellebore Pellitory of Spain Pepper Euphorbium be blowed up but in a smal quantity The actual Irritation of the Nostrils with a Fibre of Hellebor or a Hogs brissel or some thicker Hair doth powerfully worke and draw forth Flegm The smel of Onions doth wonderfully provoke Tears upon which account if the thin outward Rinde be taken off and they applied to the Nose it doth much good the smel of Mustard seed also and Radish do the same and the Leaves of Spear wort bruised and smelt to do it most powerfully These being done if so they come to themselves that they can use Errhines Masticatories Gargarismes then these must not be neglected as shall be explained in their place We will endeavor also to revel the Humor from the part affected by those things that draw to the superficies of the Body whether they do it by heat or pain the which also will work more powerfully if together by dissolving the continuity they open a passage for the Humor attracted by which it may be emptied Upon this account strong Frictions must be made with the Hands or with a rough Cloth beginning with the Head and going downwards by the Back Also of the Arms Thighs and those places which are most cold which we ought to rub til they grow hot and red adding somtime also hot Oyl or Salt For which cause also Ligatures must be made in the extream parts which may cause pain which must be somtimes loosed and tied again Lotions also of the Feet will do good of the Decoction of Sage Rue Bettony Penny-royal Calamint Dill Chamomel Roses Cupping-glasses also with a great deal of Fire must first be applied to the hinder part of the Head if perhaps the Humor may be derived through its great mouth for which cause they must by and by be applied to the hinder part of the Neck then to the Shoulder blade and Shoulders
or impairedly The defect of Tasting the savours of things the which because it is endued also with the sense of Feeling either it looses the same also with the Taste or the Taste only is weakend he sense of Feeling remaning A Depravation of the sense of Tasting is when it perceives the savors of things not such as they are A Depraved or false Tasting but conceives them as if they were of another rellish then indeed they are as when those things which it tasteth whether they be Infipid Alimental or Medicamental it thinks them to be dry Sweet Salt Bitter Sharp Sour when yet their rellish indeed is nothing such The Causes The Cause of the hurt of Tasting seldom lies in a Nerve unless the Brain being hurt too as was said in an Apoplexy doth produce an Abolition of all the senses of which we have already treated but more commonly in the Instrument of the sense of Tasting viz. in the common coat encompassing the mouth chiefly there where it invests the Tongue and Gits the Palate if it be either too much dryed or covered with filth or besmeared with a strange Humor or Vapoâr If it be too much dried and hardned in that called a Roughness and Ruggedness The driness of the coat compassing the Mouth is the cause of the defect of Tasting then the tast is hindered or lost or impaired so that all things seem unto them to be tastless and woodden as they are wont to complain because for the sense to perceive aright a decent softness and moisture are required But this proceeds from the Inspiration or drawing in of the Air not by the Nostrils because so the Air naturally passing through the largness of the Nostrils presently into the rough Artery and not touching the inward parts of the Mouth it can no waies dry them but when t is drawn with an open Mouth then sucking up the moisture of the Tongue and Jawes and by so much the more if it be both hot and dry it dries up those parts and makes them hard and rough and unfed and useless to tast aright the which as it is wont to happen to the waking so especially to those that sleep with their Mouth open both sound and sick either from an evil custome or because the Nostrils being obstructed when the Natural way of respiration is stopt up either wholly or in part they are compeld to draw in the Aire through the Mouth either all of it or the greatest part if it come not sufficiently through the Nose The which also comes to pass if the Body being too much heated they have need of a greater inspiration of the Air The driness of the Coate compassing the Mouth with blackness is the cause of the want of Tasting then the Nostrils alone can admit that then they draw it both with ful Nostrils which upon that account are at that time wont to spred themselves for drawing in of Breath and with an open and dilated mouth as it befals them in their sleep who have filled themselves with hot Meats and in hot Diseases internal Inflammations and Feavers the driness of the Tongue is a frequent Symptome in which the necessity of Inspiration doth not so vehemently dry those parts as the hot Expiration kindled from those hot Diseases not only passing through the Nostrils but the Jawes also and dies them with a Black or Green or Yellow collour Which driness of the Tongue Jawes and Nostrils is felt by the Patients themselves because they very much complain of them and the Chyrurgeon may easily know it by the touch and sight the which also oftentimes grows so strong that the Tongue appears cleft not only long waies but cut crosse waies also and when for these causes they utter their words ill the Patients oftentimes stutter whence the Physitian somtimes guesseth at these affects of the Tongue before he looks upon it If the Tongue or Jawes be covered with that called Slime that they cannot by contact exactly perceive the savors of things The slime of the Coat compassing the Mouth the cause of the defect of Tasting they are so hindered byinterposition of this infensible matter that those things which they tast seem to have no rellish But this Slime is generated of the Spittle otherwise naturally moisting the Jawes but then especially in those places where it adheres to the Jawes either by reason of its driness obtaining a Tenacity or by the mixture of some other humor having gotten a thickness For it is dried for the same cause from which we have said the Succingent Coate was arefied whence a dryness of the Jawes and plenty of this slime especially on the Tongue do often concure in the same causes and Diseases and then also they do more prejudice the Tast the Cause being doubled but the spittle grows thick there by mixture by reason of a Vapor continually evaporating upwards from the first concoction cleaving to the Tongue Jawes and Teeth to which thisslimy matter grows and at length is turned into that which is Tophous and mixt with the spittle somtimes with various colors and stinkingness fouling those parts the which also is wont to happen in sound Bodies especially if they sleep at night with their mouth wholly shut so that the Vapor ascending cannot evaporate and they do not wash their mouth in the morning whence the forementioned parts for the most part are successively infected with this white slime and in sick people resembling the condition of the putrid and malignant humors being somtimes white like pulse somtimes yellowish somtimes black it affects and bespots the Tongue Jawes and Teeth but the spittle being made more Tenatious by the mixture of Flegm sticks to these parts as if it were glewed the which also oftentimes befals the sound from defluxions or the sick and somtimes for that reason acquires so great a Viscosity that it can scarce be washed or scraped off and also it takes from Tenacious Viscous Nourishments a certain viscosity by which it grows to the said parts And this slime is easily known by its color and substance and by this the affect whence it proceeds The Coate also encompassing the mouth destined for tasting is seasoned with a Humor and Vapor endued with a strange savor A seasoning of the Tongue the cause of a depraved taste the which as long as it perceives it cannot rightly apprehend other things offered to the tast and judg what they are but thinks them also to be of the same savor with that which it is already affected with This somtimes comes to pass from some things taken whose savor is so imprinted on the tast that it cannot so quickly yeild and give place to other savors or being mixt with them it doth also present a false savor of the thing unto the tast the which ingrateful things do if they be taken often or those things which do very much affect the tast with a strong savor As when
meats endued with an Alimental savor are offered to the sick which for the most part they are wont to loath and are thrust in as it were by force then whatsoever they take afterwards though of another savor they perswade themselves hath the same Alimental rellish or smels of it and when sweet things are given to those that are feaverish being for the most part ingrateful to them they judg all things afterwards to be sweet and also in the sound things being tasted that are very Bitter Salt Austere and adhearing long they do chang the rellish of those things that follow and hence it comes to pass that after taking of rotten cheese after Vinegar in sauces if they drink Wine it appears not such as it is but either bitter or to others more sweet according to the diversity of Natures A strange savor proceeding from an internal Cause doth also deprave the Taste if such a Vapor or Humor do infinuate it self into the Coat which perceives the the Taste And hence it comes to pass that sometimes they think all things which they tast to be sweet if sweet Flegm or a sweet and alimental Vapor ascending from the Nourishment out of the Stomach doth season the said Coat Or if an acid Vapor belcht up from the Chyle which we have elsewhere shewn is alwaies acid or from meat half digested or four Wine taken or by vomiting raised up even to the mouth they do infect the mouth with an acid savor Or a salt savor also may be imprinted on the said parts from the Serum or salt Flegm falling thither or when the Mouth is so bitter that it judgeth all things which it tasteth to be bitter too which oftentimes happens by reason of Choler if it be collected in the Stomach by a certain communion with the Coat incompassing the mouth which doth also invest the Stomach and also in cholerick sound bodies if by long fasting it be carried thither or being moved with Anger it be poured thither or in other cholerick Diseases and Feavers either abounding in quantity or boyling with heat it empty it self into the Stomach or be generated there from things taken that produce Choller or that do end in Choler by Corruption The Cure This disease if it proceed by consent from the Nerves or the Brain its Cure wil be common with that of an Apoplexy and other resolutions of the Nerves which then are also present but if the gustatory instrument the Coat of the Tongue and Jaws be affected by Idiopathie and that either grow dry or be coverd with slime or be seasoned with a strange savor to these the Indication of Cure shal be applied In a Driness the Cause must first be turned away which if it arise from an evil custom that they sleep with their Mouth open it must be changed by forbearing to use it The Cure of the want of Tasting from the driness of the coat of the mouth especially if they are compel'd to breath so their Nostrils being obstructed then if they sleep with their head placed higher and the pillow under it be raised up experience teacheth that they may thus attract the Air more freely because the largeness of the Nostrils is then the more dilated and if snivel or flegm obstruct the Nostrils they must be purged by Errhines and if a hotter course of living doth bring this driness let them abstain from hot and salt meats let them dilute their Wine wel let them use Sallets at Supper especially of Lettice Succory and the like and let them not heat their body too much no other waies then that the Air may not often enter the mouth and dry it they ought to speak little and spit seldom seeing the spittle retained a long time because it is glutinous doth chiefly moisten the Tongue and if it be dried doth lenifie it again If this happen in some Internal hot disease especially as in burning and Continual Feavers the Cure must chiefly be directed to extinguish the heat of the Feaver chiefly then cold Epithems must often be applied to the Heart Liver and parts from whence the heat chiefly ariseth Afterwards Remedies shall be fitted to the coat of the mouth by lenifying and moistning this roughness with things soft glutinous and fat which either they may keep in their mouth chew lick or wash the mouth with them or if they cannot let their Tongue be anointed with the Finger or a Stick applied to them Prunes Tamarinds Sebestens such as are kept dried if being mollified again with a gentle heat they be kept in the mouth lenifying with their grateful relish they correct this fault Fresh Apples sliced chewed and held a little in the mouth de perform the same as also the flesh and juyce of Melons Guords and especially of Citruls fresh Purslane as being eaten it doth presently correct the roughness of the Teeth so also it doth very much lenifie the jaws the which also Lettice held in the Mouth and chewed doth If those things be conteined in the Mouth which do actually Refrigerate by extinguishing the heat they correct the driness as Cold water and Stones amongst which the Chrystal is beleeved to bring somewhat peculiar The following Remedies also must be licked or put into their Mouth which do correct the driness of the Tongue and Jaws by their mucilaginiousness As Take the white of one Egg beat it wel with Sugar til it grow white use it Or thus Take of the Mucilage of the seeds of Quinces and Fleawort extracted with Rose-water of each half an ounce Syrup of Violets one ounce mix them wel Or Take of the aforesaid Composition one ounce to which also you may add of the Mucilage of Apple kernels and seeds of Mallows half an ounce the Infusion of Gum Tragacanth in Rose-water half an ounce Sugar candy espocially if the Tongue be foul too Honey of Roses of each two drams mix them These Compositions made a little thicker being received in broad baggs and often moistned with Rose-water he may lay on his Tongue and so keep them a while or let Cloaths be moistened in these Liquors and be applied in like manner Which also may be done in this Decoction Take of Sweet Prunes six Violet flowers one pugil because they have a glutinousness Barley clensed one ounce Quince seeds two drams Fleawort one dram Gum Tragacanth half a dram boyl them in Water for the said use adding a little Honey or Sugar Things somwhat Unctuous but made of those which are most pleasing being administred after the same manner do egregiously contemperate this driness Of which sort this is Take of Fresh Butter or instead of that Oyl of sweet Almonds newly drawn as much as is sufficient White Sugar or Candy or Sugar of Roses beat them together and let him lick it Or thus Take the white of one Egg Starch Corn one dram Milk as much as wil suffice beat them wel boyl them a little till it becomes a Frumenty add of
fresh Butter the like quantity the whitest Sugar as much as is sufficient make a Hasty pudding which let him use The Fat of a Hen or Capon boyled a little that it may be the more grateful may perform the same Syrups of Violets Jujubes or others may be licked so or held in the Mouth Lotions for the Mouth may be made of the same things dissolved for this use Or after this manner Take of Syrup of Violets Jujubes of each one ounce and an half the Decoction of Barley clensed four ounces let him use it Or thus Take of the fresh Leaves of Purslane and Lettice of each one handful the flowers of Autumn Mallows Dogshhead Barley clensed of each one pugil the Roots of Liquorish one ounce the seeds of Fleawort two drams the seeds of Poppy one dram boyl them in Water and in one pound dissolve the white of one Egg beaten Honey of Roses clensed Syrup of Violets of each one ounce let him use it It is very convenient to wash the Mouth often with cold Milk especially with Butter-milk But if that Blackness Greenness The Cure of the want of Tasting from a driness of the Tongue with blackness joyned to it Yellowness joyned with the Driness doth signifie that the Tongue also is infected by Malignant vapors it is an ill sign and so much the worse if heat be added to it â then those things being first administred which are due to a burning malignant or pestilent Feaver we must use things more cold and repressing malignity especially acid things adding alwaies some things Lenitive that they do not too much exasperate of which also we wil treat in the Inflammations of the Jaws to which also we add these following Let them keep in their mouth sharp Fruits and chew them as of Physick fruits Orenges Lemmons Citrons or Pomegranats or other Apples Prunes Cherries Currans and bunches of Barberries and of herbs Sorrel Lettice Purslane but first steeped in Vinegar or acid juyces or in Sallets as flowers of Succory Violets with Vinegar and the like Then let them wash their Mouth often with Rose-vinegar diluted with Water or with Sorrel-water Or with the Acid Broth of that seasoning of Coleworts and Rapes and use that Acid Liquor either crude or distilled first which is Chirurgeons most excellent Remedy for these things approved on by experience If a little Camphire be added to pure Water 't is also a fit Remedy Or let it be made after this manner Take of Rose-water three ounces Nightshade water two ounces the white of one Eg beaten Camphire dissolved in Vinegar half a scruple mix them Or such a Julep Take of simple Syrup of Vinegar two ounces of simple Oxymel one ounce the waters of Roses Violets Water-lillies of each three ounces mix them Some commend this very much Take of the Water of the greater Housleek to which add a little Salt Ammoniack Yet after the use use of these we must alwaies come to those things which Lenifie also the which have been already spoken of Amongst which this also is commended above the rest Take of the pulp of Gueard seeds choice Manna Sugar candy of each one dram with simple Oxymel make Forms which he may keep in his mouth The other Remedies especially if there be a great heat joyned and as it were an Inflammation are explained in the Inflammations of the Jawes If slime growing to the Tongue and Jaws do prejudice the Tast and do also bring trouble by its tenacity and stinking the cause must first be removed Which if it proceed only from the taking glutinous things 't is easily prevented by washing the mouth alwaies after meat taken The Cure of the want of Tasting from slime of the coat compassing the mouth till the reliques of these meats or thick juyce which do adhere be washt of The same must be done also in the morning alwaies after they are up if such filth be collected either by reason of this Cause or from Vapors raised from the Meats at night and the Teeth must be diligently clensed and rubbed as also shal be explained in their faults And that Fewer and less thick Vapors may arise we must take Care the Supper be sober And lest that these exhalations being retained in the mouth in progress of time may grow to the said parts they must accustome to sleep with the mouth a little open which when some are not used to do by interposing a cloath or holding a little cane in their mouth they ought to make a way for the vapor If flegm breed this Tenacity in the Spittle the afflux of that must be diverted and that must be forced and spit forth by hawking premising if it come hard the Lotions that shall presently be named to cut and clense it But if the Cause or a hot Disease an acute malignant Feaver by drying or sending up filthy vapors and so incrassating the Spittle do produce this thick filthy slime first having respect to the Disease and the Cause as hath already been said formerly Topick means as well in this as in another persevering cause must be apdlied to the part affected as followeth We take then out of the Mouth chiefly from the Tongue Teeth Gums and Jaws this slime if it abound very much with those things which have ân absterfive power and if it be very tenacious incisive also with which are mixed things lenitive that they may not exasperate the Tongue especially if that be dry too applying also things that workâactually in the interim ever and anon washing it and if it yeild not easily seraping it The mouth is washt with things abstersive as with the Decoction of whol Barley Also with Whey with Milk and Sugar Or with this following Take of whol Barley Red Pease or Vetches of each one pugil roots of Liquorish one ounce Figs twenty flowers of Autumn Mallows one pugil make a Decoction and in one pound dissolve of Honey or Sugar two ounces After washing let him hold Sugar candy in his mouth or Lozenges of Sugar Roses or Manus Christi or let him lick a little Honey of Roses If there be need of a greater Abstersion and Cutting cerrain hotter things and acid things are added too if the flegm be very tenacious As Take of Barley Vetches of each one pugil Liquorish one ounce and an half Leaves of Sage Marjoram Hysop of each two drams Quince seed one dram make a Decoction in Water and white Wine add Honey of Roses two ounces Sugar Candy one ounce wine of Pomegranates or Vinegar a litttle mix them make a Lotion for the Mouth if you add as much Allum or a good quantity of it when it is very tough it is most powerfully abstersive Or Take of the waters of Roses Plantans Nightshade of each two ounces the waters of Sage Marjoram of eâch one ounce simple Oxymel two ounces white Wine Vinegar a little Let him take often one spoonful of Oxysaccharum or Hydromel or of simple Oxymel
or of Squils if it be very tenacious and after some time let him wash his mouth and again repeat the Syrups to which if it give not way some portion of Allum must be mixed with them Or Vinegar of Squils diluted must be held in the mouth with which I have somtimes observed that the most tenacious matter which formely could be taken away by no means hath at length departed from the mouth This matter also must be scraped off if it stick pertinaciously yet so that we do not too much exasperate the Tongue and so give occasion to a greater Inflammation especially if it be very dry and cleft in which thing Chirurgeons offend often But this is done by rubbing the Tongue as also the Teeth Palate with the finger or an Instrument fitted for it coverred with a Linnen cloth and dipt in the Lotions above-mentioned which also is commodiously done with the Leaves of Sage Mint moistened after the like manner also that filthiness is scruped off with a round usual Instrument made of Sallow or silver such as Chirurgeons have drawing it leasurely over the Tongue in the interim oftentimes washing the mouth and by by again lenifying the Toung with an Oyntment but oftentimes the flegm is so tenacious and the slime thick like Frumenty it may be laid hold on by the hands and so taken forth or drawn and by that means forced to yeild If a Vapor or Humor season and fill up the Tongue with a strange savour The Cure of a depraved tast from the seasoning of the Tongue that it perceives not other things at all or amiss the cause also must first of all be declined Which if it proceed from things taken seeing it doth no waies induce a long lasting affect and ceaseth of its own accord 't is neglected or will easily be amended with the contraries as shall be said by and by But if this arise from an internal disease a filthy vapor or a cholerick alimentary humor heaped up there the intention of curing is directed to the evacuation of these humors and healing the Diseases But if that adverse savor doth no waies cease the cause being taken away but persevering a long time be troublesom to those otherwise sound and to the sick the contrary savor being procured by things given we either take away or amend the former which did trouble So the Sweet savor as wel the Alimental as that which is sweet indeed being very adverse for the most part to the Feaverish other sick folks the which notwithstanding was otherwise most grateful to them in health is corrected chiefly with acid or tart things which do not only mend that but also bring an appetite too which sweet things take away and asswage the thirst which sweet things increase which acid things let them keep in their mouth and lick amongst which acid Cherries such as are wont to be kept dried and softened again and many others of that nature which shal be explained in thirst do very much and this nauseous unsweetness of the mouth The which bitter things also do likewise correct being more acceptable to some natures especially if they confist of a sweet smel as principally Wormwood in Wine which adds a greater gratfulness to it As the bitter savour again too long sticking on the Tast is corrected with Sweet or Acid things and with those that are insipid which also do dull the vertues of them which otherwise would inflame the Jaws With which also the salt savor is contemperated as again the salt savor is dulled with things insipid CHAP. VII Of the hurt of Seeing The Kinds THe Sight is wholly abolisht in some Blindness that at all times and alwaies they see nothing and it is called Blindness in which Species if no fault appear in the Eyes which may hinder seeing they are blind with open and cleer Eyes it is called Amaurosis Amaurosis a kind of blindness for if either a Speck or a Coat or a Humor appearing about the black of the Eye makes them Blind it obtains a private name from the Cause as shall be said in the Cause But otherwise they lose their sight only at a certain time the which nevertheless by and by returns again no impediment then also being conspicuous in the Eyes as when from an external cause by reason of brightness or darkness objected too much or too suddenly to the Eyes Scotoma an Obtenebration a kind of blindness Tthey are so darkened that the seeing being hindred first as it were with a Cloud or Fume impeding through which there seem to run certain smal bodies somtimes dyed with a red ' yellow or black color by and by is for a while wholly taken away in the affect which is called Scotoma Somtimes the Sight is only impaired in some Amblyopia a weakness of the Sight when those species of things which the sight otherwise ought naturally to attain to wheresoever and whensoever they behold not wel or obscurely and that for the most part no cause also shewing it self in the Eyes and they call it Amblyopia that is an obscurity dulness or darkness of the sight Darkness a kind of weakness of Sight Although some think if the Eyes by some manifest fault do see impairedly as with a mist before them it might more properly be called a dulness and in old folks they call this fault a darkness Hither also is refer'd that weakness of sight The sight perceiving things distant more rightly than neer when the sight perceives things neer no better than those remote as naturally it ought to do but those neer the Eyes it apprehends less than things distant and therefore when they would see small things or read them they are forced to remove them far from their Eyes a fault familiar to those that grow old which when it may be amended by a fit pair of Spectacles let them continually use them in apprehending of smaller things for which cause I am wont to call it The old folks sight But it happens also on the contrary manner that some can no waies judg rightly of things remote Sight not rightly discerning things a little distant yet not so remote that sound men also cannot sufficiently see them by reason of the too great distance but only removed for a little space although they be very great whence oftentimes not knowing their Neighbours they pass them by unsaluted Pictures Writings unless they draw neer with their Eyes they can neither see nor read handsomly unless they use spectacles appropriate to correct this fault imbred for the most part with yong folks from their birth and remaining even unto extream old age which approaching sometimes it comes to pass that then they see better those things distant which they saw less in youth and how much the elder they grow so much the farther sighted which species therefore I am wont to call The young mans sight But of those also who do
boyling hot whiles it is empty and the vapors then being hindred are the more freely carried upwards it happens that the said accidents are troublesome to the cholerick whiles they are yer fasting and that upon the taking of meat because the vehemency of Choler is abated and the vapors represt they grow milder and at last cease the which happens also the vapors in the head being discust of their own accord and so much the sooner by how much they are more subtile till new evaporations being made these evils do return but it is known that this proceeds from Choler by the bitterness of the mouth and gnawing at the mouth of the stomach which they call the heart and by other signs of this humor which also somtimes brings with the same labor a pain of the Head too with a Vertigo The same vapors proceeding from the Mesaraick Veins in which the cholerick juyces are wont oftentimes to abound as hath been shewed elsewhere as by those vapors raised from the same place and carried upwards by the Veins and Arteries intermitting Feavers hypochondriacal Melanchollies do invade a man by intervals so also they oftentimes raise the said symptoms which is done the vapors being carried upwards from thence through the Veins and somtimes through the Arteries which are annext to the Mesaraick Veins then especially when those vapors are subtile that they induce rather these accidents than Perturbations of the mind which hath been shewed do rather proceed from their malignity the which therefore do somtimes produce Vertigoes only or as they are qualified Images and Scotomies together with them or without them which we had rather alleadg as the truer cause than Pretend Crudities from which Wind rather than these like Vapors are generated But also from some other seat of the body these like vapors raised from a thinner blood through the Veins and Arteries may cause the same as from that part which is about the Womb as the Courses being stopt this symptom also doth happen as other also oftentimes upon this account and from some part of the Foot or of another member a vapor proceeding like to some Air being carried upwards as we have observed it hath been the Cause of an Epilepsie so also of a Vertigo whence somtimes Vertigoes go before an Epilepsie and presage that wil presently follow when from the like vapors vellicating the Brain Epilepsies also may be caused as shal be said in its place But the cause of these diseases sometimes consists in the Head it self in which not only spirituous hot and plentiful blood collected may cause the same as hath been said formerly but also from humors contained there the like Vapors raised and mixt with the spirits may produce these accidents which we do beleeve doth arise rather from the Blood of the Vessels and Ventricles of the Brain and the humors mixt with it than from flegm the which also we do not deny to be a cause of the Vertigo but not because it sends forth vapors but after this manner now to be explained 'T is certain that a Repletion of the Brain caused by a watry humor The Fluctuation of a watry flegmatick humor in the Brain is the cause of a Vertigo as well that Serous as Flegmatick doth cause that Vertigo which is wont to precede and threaten an Apoplexy or Carus which being frequent and of long continuance unless it be prevented is wont to terminate in these Diseases with great danger of life but it doth not this by cooling and moistning the brain seeing this agitation of the spirits which is in a Vertigo would so rather be hindred than promoted but this comes to pass when filling up the windings and spaces of the Brain by its great plenty filling the Skul and also generating plenty of Wind which are oftener ingendred from waterish humors than Vapors it waves in it for then as in the cover of the heart water abounding doth cause a Palpitation of the heart when it is stirred so here also it every where filling the Brain when the Head is moved the humor being stirred and following the motion of the Head as we have said of the spirits it gives such a sense to the head which doth sufficiently appear by their relation who complain of such a fluctuation and the Skul being opened we have often found an immense plenty of this humor as hath been said in an Apoplexy and in him in whom even now we said that the Arteries too were grown hard we have found so great plenty of it that the Skul being opened it hath come forth by floods the which together with that obstruction of the Arteries producing a double cause of the Vertigo made it so lasting and incurable in which that humor for continuance watring the Brain had bred that Carus of which he died But it is known that this is the cause of a Vertigo not only from that sense of fluctuation but also from other signs of flegm abounding explained in a Carus and Apoplexy to which those that are prone become at once sleepy and more stupid and at last fall into these Diseases unless prevented By occasion of the Visory Nerve implanted into the Eye and dilated like the form of a Net The Visory or Net-like Nerve in the Eye is the cause of the hurt of seeing most discommodities of the fight do happen seeing that is the principal Organ of seeing and that for the most part by consent of other parts when by reason of them it is disappointed of those things which are required to Seeing viz. the spirit and the proper object or else it cannot rightly enjoy them for otherwise being immersed in the Eye 't is so grounded that 't is scarcely troubled with any disease unless by consent of the Brain It is disappointed of the Animal spirit either altogether in blindness A Privation of the animal spirit in the Net-like Nerve is cause of Blindness or darkness of sight or in part in a weakness of the sight by reason of the Optick Nerve such as are Distemper Compression Hurts and Weakness proceeding rather from the defect of spirits than that fansied thickness and subtlty of them The same happens also the spirits flying from the visory Nerve towards their beginning in the Eye prest a long time and by consequence the Net-like Nerve by reason of humors filling up the Eye it sometimes happens that they are afterwards so long blind til the spirits return again And also the spirits being too much idle in the visory Nerve and as it were laid asleep or being retreated when there is no use of them the Nerve it self being made dull in those who being kept in darkness for a long time as in Prison or other dark places have seen nothing for a long time when they return into the light they scarce recover their fight or slowly or never any more And seeing the Animal spirit hath a constant need of the vital this by swooning
but if that only in some part of it such a white speck do grow it is called Albugo in which fault if the speck be perfectly white and spred over the whole region of the apple there ariseth blindness but if it first begin to grow white it darkens the sight as if it were hindred with a Cloud drawn over it or if it comprehend a little space of the apple or from that incline more to the Circle it breeds a certain error in the sight But such an Obfuscation or whiteness of the horny coat ariseth either from the driness and hardness of the whol horny coat or if there be only a speck from the driness and and in duration of that part only which is seen white For as we see other things which are transparent as the white of an Egg and the crystalline humor in the Eyes of creatures being dried by boyling do become white and lose their transparency so it happens here to the horney coat that by old age in which the membranes are wont to be dried or by a disease of the eyes after Ophthalmies Epiphories either it being wholly dried up or driness being left only in certain places of it it doth allor in part become white the which also we may see somtimes come to pass from the thicker part of the nourishment with which it is nourished being carried thither and remaining there and leaving a white Speck as in the Nails which in the like manner are marked with white specks somtimes are superficial and other times being more deeply imperinted they penetare the whol horny coat And also from a Wound or Ulcers of the eyes especially after the smal pox in Infants a Skar or Callus being left higher somtimes deeper and thick for the most part causeth such a white Speck in the white of the Eye sometimes large somtimes oblong which is called a Skar which doth obliterate the fight either wholly or in part or if it be long and narrow it cuts it in two as it were and divides it Besides these discoloring of the horny coat we meet with red specks or somtimes yellow A red or yellow discoloring of the bright part of the horny coat is the cause of error from blood rushing from a blow of the Eye or from an infusion of choler in those troubled with the Jaundise but for the most part appearing only in the white part of this coat which the adnate coat carrying the vessels doth only invest and then they do not prejudice the fight But if they reach so far as to the bright part of the horny coat where oftentimes a red speck is conspicuous a long while the blood persisting in the substance of the horny coat without corrupting as it were an insect in Amber they represent to the sight the same color either red or yellow in all the Images the Eye seeth The same transparent part of the horny coat is extrinsecally invested with a new coat growing to it The horny coat being coverd by a little Skin or Ungula is the cause of blindness which somtimes wholly growing to it grows in one or adheres to it without any connexion unless where it ariseth and in the compass on the other part 't is only spred over somtimes proceeding from the greater corner of the Eye and somtimes from the less and being first spread over the white of the Eye by and by it covers the black of it either in part or all and it is at first thinner then growing thicker it becomes fleshy interweaved with many bloody veins and 't is called a Pannicle And oftentimes it is so augmented that it may be laid hold on by the fingers and a little way be elevated from the Eye and somtimes a part of it hath been cut off that hath weighed two ounces But at other times being hardened it grows white and then it is called Ungula Unguis Pterygium Zebel putting out the sight wholy or in part as it occupies the Black of it more or less The which growing out either from a Spontaneous afflux of Blood or after Exulcerations t is called a Hypersarcosis or Chymosis otherwise from a private fault offensive especially to the Membranes it very often befals the Elephantiacal as shall be explained there otherwise seldom betiding man as I have often seen it befal Fishes if they be kept a long time in Fish ponds in foul water the mud growing to them and blinding them Somtimes the said Unguis grows from the Superficies of the horny coat corroded when part of that nourishment then breathing forth doth concrete into a matter like unto that which resembles a Horne or Nail only t is not transparent as the Periostia of the Bones being corroded we have said elsewhere that Knobs are generated and from the Skin wounded Skars from the Juyce that was wont to nourish them The faults of the grapy Membrane hurt the sight when its hole which they call the Apple being pervious in that part of the Grapy coat which lies under the horny coate yet no waies grows to it and letting in that light into the Eye is either stopt up with some humor or filth or is Contracted or Dilated all which may be seen and known Extrinsecally also in the Back of the Eye and its compass whenas the horny coat which is seated over it is transparent although the hurt lie under it Somtimes this hole is stopt by a Humor and the Passage for the sight is intercepted An obstruction of the hole of the Grapy coat or the Apple from the proper Humors of the Eye is the cause of Error in sight and this come to pass somtimes from the proper humors of the Eye the Crystalline and glassy falling into it as from the change of the Scituation of the Humors as hath been said and from the too great largness of the Apple as shall be said it may come to pass and the sight may be so hindred which is seen then also when it appears lik an Albugo in that seat of the Eye The same may come to pass from blood infused by a blow not only into the horny coat as hath been said before An obstruction of the Apple from Blood and matter in a Hyposphagma and Hypopion is the Cause of Error or defect in the sight but also penetrating even unto this empty space between the Horny and Grapy coat and filling up that either wholy or in part and stopping up the Apple which being red at the first but then growing livid by and by blackish it appears that it lies there because blood infused into the spaces of the Body is presently corrupted otherwise then when the horny coat drinks it up where without any change it persists red oftentimes for a long while as hath been said and then it either depraves or darkens the sight more or less as it Possesses a little or the whol space and t is properly called Hyposphagma a sugillation of the Eye The
sight also may be hindered by matter collected in that seat and then that Disease is called Pyosis in which if the matter collected plentifully do seem to possess all the black of the Eye or to fill up the whole space of the Circle and to shine thorough the Horny Coat it is called Hypopios but if a small portion of that said seat do seem onely to shine through like the pairing of a Nail it is called Onyx or Unguis the Nail The Cause of the collection of which Matter for the most part is wont to be Blood fallen into the Eye as hath been said and at length converted into Matter or an Inflammation of the Eye going before and leaving an abscess behind it not that in which the horny Coat is corrupted too and being broke it pours forth the humors of the Eyes as hath been said formerly but in which the Blood being discust after an Inflamation or External cause this collection of matter also is somtimes caused after pains of the Head which when it comes to pass t is probable this was done by the watry humor so suppurated and ripend as we have else where shown that matter may be generated by the like humors because the Blood otherwise can scarce be brought hither unless the horny coat be contused by violence the Veins as hath been said no waies reaching thither A Tenacious snivel sticking in the compass of this hole An obstruction of the Apple by snivel at length concreting into a Skin called a suffusion is the cause of want of Sight or on the brink of the Apple and spred over it and by degrees thickening for the most part only in one Eye although the other somtimes also doth presently begin to be affected in like manner the seeing doth most commonly suffer a Blemish and because it is suffused or poured out on the Apple it is called Suffusion Hypochyma which at the beginning seeing it is yet a transparent snivel and doth transmit the Light yet by reason of its thickness it breeds an Impediment and Error in the Sight as if it were darkned with a Cloud spread over it and things were seen with many Atomes slying as hath been said whence then it is called Imagination and a little Cloud as hath been shewn and this is not yet wel conspicuous in the Eye but that the black of it which they cal the Star doth not appear exactly black as it ought to be wholly black but somwhat troubled by which also if this be seen only in the Eye the other being yet pure it is distinguished from that Imagination and Clouds which by reason of Vapors offer themselves to the Eye almost in the like manner except that they do affect both Eyes equally But at last that Snivel by degrees being more and more thickned and loosing its perspicuity is easier known by the sight and doth commonly manifest it self by a grey or ash Colour as the Oculists call it and somwhat blotting out the black of the Eye then also it doth more offend the sight because when it is yet more soft and watrish it cannot yet be deprest with a Needle as shall be said which the ancients have named Glaucoma from the grey colour which is a fault of the Crystalline Humor and because the Crystalline Humor being dyed with this Color doth carry before it a shew of an immature Suffusion some not knowing that have made a Glaucoma properly called the same with a Sussusion But last of all the forementioned Snivel being wholly incrassated and made white as we have formerly said that bright things by drying do becom white and loose all their perspecuity so it happens here also and then the sight being wholly taken away a perfect Blindness follows unless by chance as I have often seen a very little of the black do still appear pointing or circularly in some part of it or in its Compass thorough which the Sparks of a little Light do still illustrate the Eye with an obscure Light by which notwithstanding they can judg rightly of nothing and this is called a confirmed Suffusion which they are wont to call ripe if so be it can be exactly seen because then first of all the Chyrurgion may take it in hand and they commonly call it a small Skin and Web because being spread before the Apple like a Coat it intercepts the Light not unlike in Colour and Tenacity to the skin growing to the white of an Egg that is boyled and though of it self it seems to be of no moment yet it is wont to bring so great calamity to many men in the loss of their fight They refer the cause of this snivel growing to the apple to the rising of a Vapor or influxion of a humor but it hath been shewed formerly that from a Vapor this Suffusion is not caused but those simply called Imaginations and how that comes to pass and truly it were the work of a man too much at leisure to confute with many words so vain an opinion But all the rest do think that it is caused by an influx of humor and do vainly apply all their care to turn away this as shal be explained and therefore they foolishly call this affect a Catarhact others a discent of waters into the Eyes the which notwithstanding can be proved by no reason nor shown by demonstration For first of all if it were caused from an afflux of water or humor into the globe of the Eye not only this small matter would grow and scarce as big as a Lentil but the whol Globe of the Eye would be distended and swell as it were Hydropical besides that there is found no empty space in the Eye which can admit this water seeing it is all every where so filled and distended with its proper humors bred there from the birth that there is not room for one strange drop or can the horny coat by any means be distended or dilated more and then by what way I pray shal this water flow into the Eye when that cannot be through Veins and Arteries which as hath been declared formerly do no waies enter the inward parts of the Eye but they say this comes to pass through the Optick Nerve an excellent shift indeed to hold so noble a part fit to conveigh these excrements through which nothing can pass besides the aethereal animal spirit But grant that humor doth descend through this Nerve How I pray can it be the hole of the Apple when neither the Net-like Nerve can come to admit it into its cavity which is wholly filled with the glassie humor neither can it pass through the Grapy Coat which every where about grows transversly to the horny Coat with browy processes the which certainly they who do patronize such like opinions contesting with sense and reason if that the fabrick of the Eye were throughly known and perceived by them with that dilgence as is meet they ought first to consider and rather
to search out the true waies through which the humors may be carried than being ignorant of the proper causes of Diseases alwaies to fly to that common refuge of Ignorance Defluxions and I know not what transpirability of the body But we having throughly searcht into these things a long time and much and by long observation having more neerly contemplated innumerable suffusions and their beginning encrease and pricking we have found that the cause of this snivel doth proceed from the watry humor acquiring some tenacity for that as hath been said formerly in the explication of that and other humors seeing from the birth it is more tenacious for we have seen also oftentimes that those new born have brought this fault with them into the world or it hath presently followed upon them either being dried by process of age in old age in which it often happens or arising from very hot Diseases after Burning Feavers or Inflammations of the Eyes or from a vehement external heat in those who perform most business sitting by the fire and looking upon it or the watry humor being thickened by the use of Collyries too hot drying and being made more viscous as hath been said by degrees it grows to the brink of the membrane of this hole which it continually washes and by little and little thickening in that part where it stops up the hole as we see the said Skin grows on Frumenty for that reason as it hath been shewed being hardened it looseth its brightness and successively but in a long time being converted into a Skin it takes away the sight which if it be deprest as shal be afterwards explained the remaining portion of the warry humor on whose superficies it grew being yet transparent the Sight presently returns but if that also by much drying hath already lost its brightness as most commonly it happens although the superficies of it be taken off nevertheless they remain blind and by reason of that the Oculists labor wil be in vain The too much narrowing or Imminution as they call it The narrowness of the Apple is the cause of a Nyctalopy of that hole in the Grapy Coat wich is called the Apple doth scarce take away the Sight when even thorough the narrowest hole the light may enter the Eye and illuminate it as much as is sufficient for seeing whence we have observed that those who from their birth have happened to have a very small Apple nevertheless do see as acutely as those that have it large may sometimes more acutely and things more distant and as we can behold the Sun through a little hole with less offence to the Eye so they are less offended than others by an external brightness and great light of which seeing they have a more abundant need to see wel beyond others it comes to pass that a little before night or darkness somwhat growing on they see less than by a ful light this is the chief cause of that Nyctalopie in which they see not sufficiently by a sleight brightness of the Moon Stars or light set up although this also as hath been formerly explained may happen by reason of an obscuration of the horny coat or humors because then also they have need of a greater light that they may be illuminated neither is a smal Apple observed in all those that are Nyctalopous or cannot see in the Night Which as it is born with some so it can scarce come to pass as some teach that by reason of the spirits distending the Eye or so great driness of the Globe of the Eye that by that means the Apple may wholly fall together as somtimes it happens from a wound of the Eye the humors flowing forth and the coats falling together they become wholly blind as hath been declared formerly A Dilatation of the Apple called Mydriasis by shedding plenty of light into the Eye A Dilatation of the Apple or a Mydriasis is the cause of an evening sight hinders the cleerness of the sight darkening it with too much brightness and if the enlarging of it be great in a light somwhat more obscure and darkish they see more rightly than in that too much shining and that by reason of the internal brightness of the Eye sufficiently illuminating the Air for seeing as we have had an example of this rare disease in a certain Foundling living in our Hospital the year 1625. who by day time and in presence of light was blind but by night and in the dark did see the smallest things hence we have observed that amongst Birds the Owls and amongst Animals the Cat which also do see by night can by twinckling contract the hole of the Apple and of their own accord dilate it again and so streighten it at the brightness of the Light or a Candle that only an oblong black cleft doth appear but by night and in the dark dilate it so that the whol former region of the Circle seems black and for that cause Owls also receive obscure Images with a very open Eye and in the day time that they may not be hurt by them too much appearing they joyn them again and covet darkness For otherwise this largeness or narrowness of the Apple makes little for the seeing things distant better or less as some have thought seeing these defects of seeing which we have called the yong old mens Sights may happen as we have often observed both to those endued with a long and a narrow Apple and what I have observed in many and in my self that though the Apple of one Eye be far larger in the same man than that of the other Eye yet the seeing is alike in both Eyes neither could we observe yet that though such a dilatation of the Apple do happen the things which are seen should be represented less than they are as some have been opinionated But for the most part this dilatation of the Apple befalls certain living Creatures from the birth as those for which it was convenient to see by night and unless it altogether exceed a mean otherwise than hath been said it doth no waies prejudice the seeing but rather seems to bring some benefit as one hath declared unto me who seeing he had a most large Eye-ball he could comprehend and know by his sight without moving his head not only those things which were before his face but those things vhich were far apart on one side which could not be seen by others unless by bending the head that waies the which I did so much the easier beleeve him telling me seeing this hath happened to me my self in my youth and at one look at the Table I was able to see at once many sitting round about and to take notice of their gestures but if that by a wound or some other hurt the apple of the eye be rather dilacerated than dilated than upon that account because the humors are too much carried to the fore-parts as
cause they commend also to open the jugulars in the Neck The which notwithstanding cannot be done without danger and fear of a great flux of Blood and Barrenness if we beleeve Hippocrates Nay spirituous blood causing a Vertigo most men do teach that it cannot be cured unless the Arteries behind the Eares be opened and t is proved by experience that after divers remedies a long time tryed in Vain this kind of remedy hath helped at last the which nevertheless ought not to be done unless all things else have been first tried and when we are certain of the cause and we know that it doth proceed from that spirituous blood by the continual beating of the Arteries as hath been said yet using the greatest diligence because the Wound doth hardly grow together the Arteries being first laid bare that afterwards it may be tryed Also a Vein may be opend in the Fore-head in a Vertigo arising from this cause and in the Foot if Vapors ascend from thence and if the Courses were supprest the Ankle Vein especially if the cause sending up the Vapors lurke about the Veins of the Womb upon which account the Haemrhoids also are most profitablly provoked if the Fewel of the Evil be contained in the Mesaraicks Scarifications for the same reason do good being made instead of bleeding and after it for Derivation on the sides of the Neck Shoulders Cupping-glasses being applied to although the cause be in the Head or from elsewhere be carried upwards by Vapors and Scarification in the Region of the Wrist or that outward part of the Hand which is betwixt the Thumb and the fore Finger is thought a peculiar remedy in the Vertigo the which also made in the extream parts is good if an Air be felt to ascend from thence in that place from whence it is known first of all to arise Frictions ought to be made from the Neck by the Back-bone to the lower parts by degrees comming to the extream parts and rubbing them For so the Vapors and Spirits are recalled after which that that collected in the Head may be discust let the Head be rubbed with a new cloth not heating it as otherwise they are wont to do that there be no attraction of Vapors to the Head And also if a Vapor proceed from some part binding it with Ligatures the Vapor may be hindered that it ascend not A Cautery in a persevering evil or a Vesicatory which empties more humor must be applied for geater diversion sake upon the same account in the middle of the conuext part of the Head or behind the Eares whether it be Actual or Potential and somtimes also in the Feet or other places if a Vapor be felt to rise from thence A Vomit will help very much if the matter in the Stomach or Mesaraick Veins especially the Cholerick as hath been said doth produce Vapors in imaginations Scotomies and Vertigoes proceeding thence which must be caused first with the gentler by and by with stronger if the matter lurke in the Mesaraick Veins many times repeated if they are able to bear it Purges must be used in all those Species if the matter sending forth Vapors consist in the same first passages or else where in some other seat of the body and if such an Evaporation arise in the Head from impure blood that filth must be purged forth fitting them rather for the drawing forth of Cholerick And impure humors from which these Vapors rather which are subtile are elevated then for the purging of Flegm of the Evacuation of which if it be the cause of a Vertigo or weakness of sight we shall treat hereafter having respect also in the interim to the constitution of the the Body in the choice of them But this will be performed by giving first of all some gentle Stomach Pills made of Aloes and the Hierae or a Bole. Then we must first prepare the matter if it want preparation and chiefly open Obstructions after this manner If the matter lie in the Stomach and Choler or crudity be the cause there Take of simple Oxymel Honey of Roses of each one ounce Syrup of wormwood Wine Pomegranates of each half an ounce the waters of Wormwood Marjoram as much as is sufficient Make a Julep Or if it lurke chiefly in the Mesaraick Veins Take of the Syrup of Snccory of the juyce of Endive of each one ounce of the two opening Roots half an ounce the waters of Wormwood Succory as much as is sufficient Make a Julep Or give Wormwood Wine which especially in those Species of a Vertigo is very much commended and that either simple or in which the opening Roots and Marjoram and other opening things have been first infused Then he shall be purged with a stronger Medicine As Take of Pills of Hiera or Mastick half a dram Cochiae half a scruple Oyl of Fennel or Anise or Carawaies by reason of the Vapors one grain Piony seeds four grains with white Wine Make Pills Or usual ones may be made thus of which let him take somtimes two scruples Take of Pills of Hierae Compound Aggregative of each two drams Agarick Trochiscate Rhubarb of each one dram seeds of Cummin Piony of each one scruple with Syrup of Roses solutive Make a Mass for your use Or let him take this Bole Take of Cassia three drams the Hiera of Hermes two drams Mix them Or make a good quantity of which let him take by intervals a Bole of half an ounce Take of Cassia one ounce and an half the Hiera of Hermes one ounce of the five kinds of Myrobolans of each two drams Dodder of Time one dram pouder of Peony root half a dram Cummin seed one scruple Syrup of Roses solutive as much as sufficient make an Electuary Or give this Potion or Infusion Take of Rhubarb one dram Agarick two scruples Citrine Myrobolans two drams Wormwood one dram Cinnamon half a dram Ginger one scruple infuse them in thin white Wine strain them and dissolve Syrup of Roses solutive one ounce Give it Or thus Take of Agarick trochiscate infused in Oxymel and strained one dram of Rhubarb infused in wine diluted with Wormwood and Bettony water two drams Cinnamon infused with Rhubarb half a dram Syrup of Roses solutive two ounces make a Potion In the Interim the Vapors must alwaies be represt which in the Vertigo Scotoma and Imaginations do assail the Head the place in the mean while being considered from whence they arise For if this be from the Stomach and Mesaraick Veins the following Electuary is convenient which shal be given after Dinner and Supper and sometimes in the morning the quantity of a Chesnut as Take Conserve of Roses two ounces Marjoram one ounce Flowers of Peony half an ounce Quinces candid one ounce Citron pil half an ounce one Emblick Myrobolan the Rob of Currans in Cholerick bodies half an ounce the pouder of Diacitonites without the species one dram Coriander seed prepared one dram Fennel Peony root
of vehement motion hath obtained not only its proper Nerves but also hath received another from the auditory Nerve for that cause breaking forth of the chamber of hearing by whose means the Tongue is continuous with that the which being hurt it comes to pass that the Tongue although the senses remain yet is not sufficiently moved to utter speech seeing a greater force is required for motion than to perfect the sense neither doth it hinder that that is only a sensory Nerve of which the Tongue is here deprived seeing we have often proved already that every Nerve hath in it a power of moving and Feeling the which it doth also exercise being carried to a convenient Instrument By reason of the Drum the Hearing is more commonly weakned if as we see in a Souldiers Drum covered with skin if it be not whole or not sufficiently retcht or too much The Drum wounded seeing it can no more resound breeds Deafness the which seeing it lies hid it seldom comes to pass unless an Ear-picker be thrust in perforce the vulgar think it may happen from the Insect Scolopendra which they cal in the German language Orenmettel as it were the Worm of the Ear which may easily creep in in Gardens but seeing if either that or any thing else which may hurt should creep in it is easily remedied this can scarce yet be done as neither from matter retained seeing that is wont presently to flow forth and I have often seen very much flow forth without any hurt unless by chance the Ulcer of the Ears be so deep that an abscess being made the Drum also is hurt If the Drum be slackly and conveniently retcht it can no more give a Sound which as it somtimes happens by force from a violent sound a Clamor made in the Ears or from the blow of a Gun shot off by the Ear so also by continuance of time long use and much hearing especially of great sounds being so often beaten upon and rendred slacker it makes difficult hearing in old folks which seems to be the frequent cause of their thick hearing The which also may happen from much moisture or Unctuosity of Oyl or other Liquors be often poured into the Ears the which is wont to be done somtimes for a long while to restore the Hearing lost for fome other Cause Also being too much retcht and so tied up that being beaten upon by the external Aire it cannot yeild at all it becomes unprofitable And this happens when either by reason of Age or after acute Diseases it is too much dryed and harden'd The which as it may befal all other Membranes so this also and by so much the easier and more frequently becauss it hath no moist Bodies neer it nor is not anointed with fat as many other Membranes are but is free unless in its compass where it grows to them And perhaps this is not the least cause of difficult Hearing which oftentimes is wont to grow upon the aged and is left in people recovering after Diseases Which Exiccation of the Drum Rhazes writes may happen after watchings and fastings The mutual Construction and Coarticulation or Conformation of the three smal Bones being Vitiated brings hurt to the Hearing which may happen from the Birth from implanted Causes or from violent Adventitious Causes as a blow fall and vehement sound the Drum to which they adhere being most commonly affected too In the divers Passages Cavities and Meanders meeting there if any thing be not right from the Birth doubtless it also offendeth the Hearing A cold Destemper as it is an enemy to the Nerves A cold Distemper is the Cause of the defect of Hearing Membranes and Bones so it is very hurtful to the structure of the Organ of Hearing which is composed of them and so much the more because the Eares alwaies lye naked and open to the external cold Aire and so are the easier hurt by external things as the cold winde especially penetrating through the Auditory passage even to the Drum and there cooling the hidden parts and the Nerve it self Whence somtimes Deafness and frequently an impediment in the Hearing have followed the which also is one of the principal causes why in cold places as the Alps and windy places they commonly are sooner sensible of a defect of Hearing the which also may happen from most cold water falling into the Eares by chance or in swimming And the too much use of Narcoticks The use of Narcoticks the cause of the defect of Hearing somtimes to the Eares doth so affect the Nerve not by cooling but by too much stupefying it that it can no more return to it self which last cause is to be refer'd to weakness The Cure The Cure of all the hurts of Hearing which are as Deafness thick Hearing Tingling Hissing Pulsation Fluctuation Noise is first to be fitted to the Cause Which we have said was either in the Brain affected either by it self or by consent from a Vapor or the object or in the outward Cavity of the Eare a Stoppage obstructions from external Causes or things fallen in or internal Humors Tumors or in the inner Chamber of the Hearing repletion or trouble from a Spirit Vapor Winde Humor or a fault of Conformation or Construction or a Distemper of all which we shall speak what is to be hoped and what to be done By reason of an affect of the Brain if the Hearing be hurt together with other senses and the cause lye there and not yet in the Instrument we must proceed after the same manner as hath been said in the hurts of the sight from the like cause as if this come to pass from a Vapor affecting the Brain by consent no other Remedies must be applied then those in a Vertigo which we said were convenient in a Depravation of the sight If the Hearing suffer a defect from some Impetuous external sound The Cure of the hurt of Hearing from a violent sound somtimes they return to themselves of their own accord otherwise hardly or never viz. when the Spirits are so dissipated that they can no more return back or not sufficiently Whence there is left a Perpectual tingling Or if the drum impulsed by the force of the Aire be too much hurt and laxt a Deafness or thick Hearing is ever after troublesome to the man Yet nevertheless by applying Cupping-glasses about the Ears and by Frictions and other hot things outwardly and inwardly appropriate to the Ears we must endeavor to draw back the spirit having respect to the constitution of the Body of which we will treat by and by If the Hearing be intercepted by the stopping of the Ears extrinsccally The Cure of the defect of Hearing from the stoppage of the Eares it is easily corrected by removing those things which hinder it whether they be only applied extrinsecally or they be thrust in a little way But Bodies fallen in or thrust in The Cure for things fallen
a distemper or some hurt by Compression Ligatures of from a wound or some other blow we will now expain As it hath been explained in the Causes of an Apoplexy that an Apoplexy which is a Palsie of the whol Body is generated from Flegm or a Watery Serous Cold moist Excrement of the Brain bedewing the brain or pressing the original of all the Nerves so if this happen in the Nerves a Palsie is generated for such a humor heaped up plentifully in the Head for the causes there assigned and cast off from the Brain in an Apoplexy which it hath first produced or without that falling down from the Head not though the substance of the Spinal Marrow or Nerves but either discending through the Cavity of the Vertebraes of the Back which doth contain the Spinal Marrow and there stopping about the beginning or progress of it or sliding down further through the passages which the paires of Nerves proceeding from the Spinal Marrow do every where run through in the Body without any Connexion or falling from the Head and following the like passages of the Conjugations or pares of Nerves and somwhere sticking about the Nerves in what place soever this happen whether about the Spinal Marrow or about the paires or Conjugations of Nerves by compressing or bedewing them as if this come to pass in the Brain it procreates an Apoplexy so if it happen in the foresaid places it produceth a Palsie of more or fewer parts according as a general or particular Nerve is affected whenas if plenty of Humor flow thither in those narrow places compressing the Nerves with its weight it may also intercept the passage of the Animal spirit as hath been said formerly and by so much the longer if being detained there by a long stop it become thicker and Mucous but principally because by its moisture it continually bedewing filling and cooling the substance of the Nerves it destroies their proper temper in that place and hinders that they cannot be filled with the Animal spirit nor enjoy it whence also by reason of the interposition of this unprofitable part of the Nerve affected the other part of the Nerve which is carried to the parts being also made unsit to exercise its Function there must needs follow if the hurt be great a perfect resolution of the parts unto which these Nerves are communicated and that by so much the more lasting and pertinatious by how much the hurt of the Nerve is greater which we have found by dissection to be the true cause of a Flegmatick Palsie the spinal Marrow being swelled up with a watry Humor that there is no need to phansie here any obstruction in the Nerves which are solid or made up of Filaments nor any Cavity which may admit that thick humor as some do write Or if indeed they do grant this moistning of the Nerves yet to assert that that comes to pass by this means because the Nerves being made longer an slacker they become unfit for motion because as hath been formerly said the Nerves do no waies attract the part and far less to contend that a Palsie is from the same Flegm as obstructing the Nerves for filling of them so it must needs be that Convulsions do ensue which we call Contractions and for that cause to assign the same Cure to them both But also such an excrementitious humor from elsewhere than from the Brain Other humors possessing the Nerves are the cause of a Pâlsie and Spasm being carried to the Nerves of certain parts or heaped up there doth induce a Palsie proper to certain parts which oftentimes also mixt with other acrid and cholerick humors or otherwise putrifying not only by bedewing but also by irritating the Nerves doth cause pains offering themselves with the resolution of the part and sometimes ending in Convulsions as this hath been said in Convulsions such a kind of Palsie as hath be en explained in the kinds as is wont also to happen in Colick pains with torments of the Limbs Heat Tingling and other troubles The same might come to pass from Blood out of the Vessels falling into these Cavities of the Nerves and retained there a long time but seeing that doth presently putrifie it doth sooner breed an Inflammation as also if it insinuate it self into the substance of the Nerves whence other accidents do follow rather than those of a Palsie but in the Veins if from a fulness or non-natural situation of a Member as if the Arm be held a long while lift up on high the blood be carried into one place more plentifully because then in some sort it presseth a neighboring Nerve seeing the Nerves are alwaies wont to follow the course of the Veins it rather causeth a light Numness or Tingling than any Disease or long continued Palsie the blood easily going back again and not so stopping but as in the brain it is abundantly powred forth into its ventricles it may may cause an Apoplexy as hath been said there Also a streightening may be caused from a hard Tumor of a Nerve A Tumor of a Nerve is the cause of a Palsie as from a Callus or a Skar after a Wound or bruise growing in the Nerve or from a bunching out arising from the proper clammy Nutriment of a Nerve which doth stop its animal spirit but from an Oedema which also they hold to be the cause of it that cannot be done unless some one would call it Irrigation and swellings of the Nerves as hath been formerly said an Oedema the same also may happen from the Tumors of other parts pressing a Neighbooring Nerve By the fault of conformation or shaping from the birth The fault of conformation in a Nerve is the cause of a Palsie the Nerves being not rightly formed or otherwise carried the same also may come to pass which often happens in the Nerve of the Tongue as we shal by and by explain in the defect of Speech that they are born Dumb and Deaf as hath been said in the hurt of Hearing From a Cold Distemper or too much cooling as we shall by and by explain in the Muscles if not only the Muscles but also the Nerves themselves with the Muscle into which they are inserted A cold distemper of a Nerve is the cause of a Palsie or without that in their course out of the Muscle seeing Cold is a very great enemy to them be so affected that they are either bound up and condensed by Cold whence the animal spirit hath no longer a free passage or be so hurt that their function perisheth then also there follows a Palsie of those parts whose Nerves are affected Trallian teacheth that there is a Palsie caused from driness and heat The Driness of a Nerve the cause of a Palsie which certainly must needs sall out so if it be such as may harden the Nerve that the spirit can pass through it as the same may come to pass from the Causes
which may come to pass by reason of the neerness of the Muscles and because many being collected together in certain places they are as it were included in one Membrane as shall be said which hurts whether of one or more Muscles they depend on these causes to wit if they be possest with a Humor or Wind or suffer a Preternatural Tumor or are wasted being dried up or suffer a cold distemper or are hurt some other way or have contracted an Organical fault From a Humor filling up the Muscles or Besmearing them A Flegmatick humor possessing the Tendons is the cause of a Palsie or Insinuating it self into their spaces a Palsie is seldom ingendred as it is frequently if it possess the Nerves as hath been said formerly For if a Flegmatick serous or Excrementitious Humor flow down to the Bodies of the Muscles or be heaped up there then it breeds pains and for that causeth that the Member can scearcely be moved rather then a languishing or insensibility of it as we shall explain in pains arising from Desluxions the which also if Blood be there poured out of the Vessels happens together with an Inflammation of the part yet somtimes it comes to pass that a watry humor a long time washing and bedewing the Tendons of the Muscles they being too much relaxt and lengthend there followes a Palsie of that part which they ought to attract Which for the most part happens only in those places where many Tendons are carried in a fleshless and narrow place about the bending of the Joynts being bound and joyned together with Ligaments as it were with Rings as in the Region of the Wrist and instep where somtimes a Humor retained by reason of the narrowness of the place and many spaces of many smal bones combined together in the Wrist and afterwrist Ankle and Instep and moisting and relaxing the Tendons it causeth that the Hands or Feet do continue Palsied in some all their life time and it ceasing in other parts only a Palsie is left in these even when the Humor is wasted the Tendons remaining longer then is fit whence all their life time they carry their Hands and Feet hanging and when they endeavour to lift up or lay holdon any thing because nevertheless they can move their Fingers or go yet because they cannot do that by benefit of the Muscles they are wont to cast them up on high by the inpulse of the Arm or Thigh in whom also for the most part appears an eminency as it were a certain Tumor in the superficies of the Wrist arising by reason of Extenuation which is wont to be its companion the bones bunching forth there or by reason of a Callus or Node which often grows here for the causes afterwards to be mentioned the which our Germans call Contracted when notwithstanding they are Palsied and that perhaps because as hath been said formerly with a Resolution of them caused about the Wrist there is somtimes also joyned a Contraction of the Fingers which comes to pass because in the Hands laboring also of an Atrophy by reason of the compression of the Veins which about the streits of the Wrist are prest by a Tumor and are cooled in those bloodless parts so that for those causes there is not sufficient passage for the Blood the Ligaments and Tendons also being wasted and dried do cause that those Joynts of the Fingers be at length stopt but not the Joynts by which the Hand is moved which were already Palsied before and thus in the same seat are found parts Palsied Contracted and wasted From the same Flegmatick or Watry or Excrementitious Humor so filling up the Body of the Muscle or Tendons that being distended and made shorter it attracts the part into which it is inserted it seems that a Contraction also may be caused But when an Humor fallen down to the Muscles possesses their spaces by which they are joyned together a pain rather doth follow and upon that account that difficulty of moving the Member than Contraction of the part and if it bedew the Tendons or Nerves a Palfie rather enfues After the same manner from Wind breathing in Wind in the spaces the Muscles is the cause of a flatulent Spasm not into the bodies of the Muscles but those Spaces which the Muscles make being joyned together or knit together by neighboring parts and by its plenty distending one Muscle or more so that being made shorter they attract the part for a while violently to themselves doth that Cramp which therefore they call Flatulent arise as many have delivered which most strong extension of the member yet can scarce be caused from Wind only as we shal shew that called a Flatulent Palpitation doth frequently arise from thence unless some other cause over and above be joyned of which we shal speak by and by in the too great attraction of the Muscles which as it happens oftentimes in divers parts of the body so most commonly in the Toes of the Feet the fleshy Muscles of the Calfe being then affected with the highest pain by reason of their distention and protuberancy But this Flatulent Spasm is caused by plenty of Winds the Largeness of the passages or foresaid Spaces betwixt the Muscles especially helping being fit for the receiving of Wind which happens to some either by Nature the which also are more obnoxious to this evil Or if it falls out from a vehement motion of the Muscles for so being as it were pulled from one another and from the neighboring parts the Spaces which come between them by degrees become wider especially if such motions be often repeated into which afterwards Wind doth easily slide in and for a light cause especially whenas the Muscles being very much contracted in motion doth make way for it as shall be said by and by as in Hides Excoriated we easily know that such like Wind doth lie betwixt the Membranes and the Flesh by the Bubbles appearing there A hard preternatural Tumor growing in a Muscle as sometimes it causeth that they keep the Members attracted to it A Tumor in a Muscle or Tendon is the cause of the said contraction of the Member so sometimes bound up as a Schirrus or Node gendred from the excrements in the Muscles and especially about the Tendons where many meet in the Region of the Joynts as hath been said formerly of the Wrist and I have seen somtimes come to pass in the Knee the Foot being then so drawn upwards that the Heel was next to the Tail Also a Callus in a Muscle or a Tendon being left after a Wound by which they were wounded yet not wholly cut in two and contracting the Lips of the Wound because then it shortens the body or tail of the Muscle it causeth that part into which it is inserted is more or less bound up the which also I have seen come to pass in a hurt of the temporal Muscle and the Mouth then was
Physitian my true friend hath told me that by violent drawing on of Bootes when they were put on his Hip joynt hath been thus hurt But also by reason of a slackness of these Ligaments A slackness of the Ligaments is the cause of the impotency of Motion as in the joynts which are moved by a manifest Motion this naturally befals them that they are more Lax neither do they hinder the joynt which ought to be moved freely by strict binding it it comes to pass that these joynts are more easily dislocated then others so also if these which are more Lax then others and others also if they be broad be yet more amplified and those which are round be lengthned then the Member stands forth further then is meet and gives a helping cause that a Luxation be the easier made and from a less force Which things befal some from their birth whence they can both bend and extend their limbs somwhat beyond their natural bounds or they have one limb longer then another or as some would have it they presently grow with dislocated Members or it happens by reason of the Age because of the softness of the Ligaments and appendixes of the Bones that from the joynt which remain for some time Cartilaginous and most have thought that might come to pass from a watry Flegmatick Serous humors so bedewing these parts the which yet is not very likely as appers from hence because in the Leucophlegmatia and other Species of the Gout the Humor staying there a long time yet there follows no Luxation of the part The Ligaments also being dried and hardend A driness of the Ligaments is the cause of the impotency of Motion and being bound up and Callous or hindred with knobs in the Gout or with Nodes the Motion of those joynts remains sixt and immoveable or otherwise they are hardly moved and somtimes they make a noise and crackling as if they were broken if they be urged with geater force The cause of which sound also is if it be driven by force further then the joynt ought to be moved by a moderate Motion but such an Exication of the Ligaments somtimes proceeds from old age and a most acute feaver drying up also the Bones and Nails as hath been said elsewhere or from some other hurt whence a Callus or Node grows there or from a Humor turned into a knob about the joynts as shall be explained in its place The Cartilage In the Cartilages of the Bones of the joynts is the cause of immobility which crusts over the Heads of the moveable bones if it loose its slipperiness and clamminess and be dried up or Exasperated from the said causes it doth also hinder Motion as a hinge tainted with rust By Reason of an affect of the Lips opening the Mouth it happens In the Lips is the cause of their immobility that their Motion is weakend and the largeness of the Mouth depraved if they be so cut off or dissected that they cannot follow Motion or otherwise as we have seen it fall out in the French Pox if they be eaten with Ulcers and corrupted but their other faults do prejudice rather by pain as we shall shew in their places It scarce happens that by fault of the Ey-lide the Eye cannot be shut In the Ey-lids is the cause of their immobility unless a Tumor or some excrescence growing there do hinder it but it fals out that the Eye cannot be opend only the upper Ey-lide being cut in two and scarce for any other causes By Reason of a Disease of the Eye its Motion scarce fails unless this proceed from a Tumor of it that it cannot be rowled about freely pain then chiefly hindring the Motion but a squinting though it be from the Birth doth rather arise by reason of the Muscles of the Eye as hath been said and if this comes to pass the Eye being wounded or digd out the Eye doth not only loose it Motion but also becomes unprofitable The Cure The Cure of all these kinds of Immobility whether it be a general Palsie of many parts or proper to particular moveable parts or a Spasm or Contraction or Bunch Luxation Fracture Wound or other hurt is ordered according to the Nature of the cause which we have said was a humor possessing the Nerves or the Tendons of the Muscles a cold distemper of the Muscles and Nerves a distension of the Muscles from Wind a driness or emptiness of the Muscles Tendons Ligaments a hard Tumor in the Tendons Ligaments the compression of a Nerve a Wound or Contusion in a Nerve Muscle or its Tendon Ligament or Member a Fracture of the bones a Luxation of the joynts and last of all an Organical fault in all the Instruments serving for motion in every one of which what must be foretold or done we will now propound If a Palsie be from Watry The Cure of a Palsiâ ingendred by Flegm which they apply also to a perticular Spasm which they say proceeds from the same Humor Excrementitious or Flegmatick or serous humors simple or mixt together Bedewing or pressing the Nerves or cooling them whether it be general to many parts or only particular to some the following way of Cure must be ordered the which also they think likewise convenient and prescribe it for the Cure of a Convulsion or particular Spasm or Cramp which they have thought was caused from the same Humor but we who do hold the same to be the Causes of particular Convulsions which we said were of a General Convulsion as concerning general Remedies we think the same also which have been explained in an Epilepsie are rather to be used But the Topick which are described here to be convenient in a Flegmatick Palsie applied to the place affected in a Spasm we judg may do good if so be that a Convulsion caused from thence or Pain do urge it subscribing to common consent of Physitians yet the Attraction which is in the Spasm of the Members for the most part doth not so much require Topick Remdies as the danger of an Epilepsie by and by to follow doth admonish us to apply the use of those things which do prevent it as both those things which are Intrinsecally taken and Extrinsecally applied upon that account have been explained as also if a Flegmamatick Humor falling down upon the Muscles doth breed these distensions with Pain the Cure shal be explained in Defluxions In a Flegmatick Palsie therefore as they call it A Prediction in a flegmatick Palsie whether general to both sides or only in one side whether this follow an Apolepsie or begin of it self because it is a Cronical Disease and the sick do scarce continue so long in the use of Medicines and good government the Cure goes on very hardly especially if it it befall Old Folks or otherwise those whose Strength is exhausted or if it cease in some places it sometimes leaves a
Brain being long and much smitten an Apoplexy which evils these Symptoms of Suffocations invading oftentimes by fits are wont to foregoe and foretel But that such like Vapors are for the most part raised up from the Veins as from crude impure bad and Malignant blood yet not putrefied otherwise a Feaver would be caused hath been shown in a Madness and an Epilepsie for as there diversly here and there in the Body such vapors being raised from blood collected in the branches of the Vena Porta and Cava molesting the Brain do produce the forementioned accidents so also in the lower Belly cheifly being collected as in a sink of Excrementitious blood and abundantly in great plenty flying upwards to the Midrif and molesting that either they create Suffocation only or other discommodities moreover But from the Mesaraick Veins especially the greater dispersed every where about the Heart to the Bowels Vapors from the Mesaraick Veins affecting the Midrif the Cause of a Night-Mare and in which by reason of the many Excrements of the first Concoction impure blood is easily collected such like Vapors somtimes arising and stopping about the Midrif they produce a Suffocation which they call the night Mare which invades rather in the night then when Concoction ought to be made because at that time the evil Vapors collected therefore the most part are wont by the accession of Crudities to be increased and moved and to be carried upwards and by reason of lying down to torment the more Whence in their Dreams feeling these streits they Dream of divers causes whence they proceed and being often raised up if the Mind moreover be somwhat affected with them they remain in the same perswasion and though they being raised and set upright the Vapors being then discust the evil ceaseth yet often returning if the Fewel of the evil remains at last it threatens and brings more grievous accidents to the Brain as hath been said The cause of which evil certainly depends upon an ill course of Diet and that a long time continued as in other affects sprung also from Vapors there especially in Hypochondriacal Melancholly and Intermitting Feavers as hath been shown in them This is therefore an accustomary affect to Children and those of ripe Age who do sooner and longer offend in their Dyet In the Female sex this more commonly proceeds from the Veins of the Womb Vapors from the Veins of the Womb affecting the Midrif are the cause of the Suffocation of the Womb. in the strangulation of the Womb therefore so called which when being derived from the branches of the Vena Cava and many of them and great ones do creep along the Womb and its Membranes if the filth of the blood doth stop in them which from the whol Mass of it is wont to be purged thither in impure Bodies that at the set time it may be emptied by the Courses Which is wont to come to pass more commonly in the unmarried by a stoppage of the Courses not so easily in the married by reason of Copulation and the Vapors from thence assail the Midrif they produce divers kinds of Suffocations of the Womb as they prejudice the Midrif and the neighboring parts or those that consent with it and as the plenty and nature of those Vapors is diverse For if it hurt only the Midrif either it breeds only a Dyspnaea if the plenty or offense be less or if it be greater it breed only an Agony of Suffocation but if that it also brings hurt to the Stomach that is continued to the Midrif then with a Dyspnaea and Compression of the orifice of the Stomach which they call the heart Nauseousness Vomiting a Vertigo and pain of the Head being caused by consent the Hysterical accidents do shew themselves Which passions are wont to happen in great bellied Women at the first Month the young one being not yet increased nor able to consume the blood that is retained especially if it be impure from which also they take a sign that they are with Child Hysterical Women are far more grievously affected if these Vapors especially the Poysenous being communicated to the Heart too by reason of its communion as it hath been said do also bring dammage In which species the Motion of the Heart wholly ceasing all breathing also ceaseth and as it were seazed on by a Syncope the Virgins fall by degrees to the ground and are held in that fit some a short time others the space of an hour before they come to themselves But at other times the Midrif by reason of the consent which it hath with the Brain as hath been said or both together affected with these Vapors with the said strangulation of the Womb that called the Madness of the Womb or Convulsive Motions and other hurts of the Brain offended do manifest themselves All which also may be varied not only by reason of the parts affected but also if a Poysenous cause be joyned according to the divers Nature of the Poyson by which they are wont chiefly to beset this or that part as we have expounded in other diseases of the Womb that vitious blood breathing forth such like Vapors is generated from divers causes and collected about the Womb. Amongst which they have beleeved that the seed retained and corrupted is not the least cause in Virgins with whom this affect is familiar the which yet can scarce be as long as it is contained in its proper Vessels and if poured out of them it be retained it rather produces an Erosion of that part then such accidents as we shall explain elsewhere Winds filling the Capacity of the Belly because they distend that Wind hindering the Midrif is the cause of a Dyspnaea as also the Midrif which shuts up the upper parts of it they cause a Dyspnaea which also the puffings up with Wind of the Stomach and Cholick Gut that lies under the Stomach do effect by reason of the neerness and Adherency with the Midrif and they know that they proceed from thence by the murmuring and distension of that place but that they write that they would no waies have a Night-Mare to be caused by the same Winds or thick Vapors the far more grievous evils which do then fall out and follow from thence do sufficiently declare A watery Humor also distending the Belly and drawing a sunder the lower Ribs of the Breast A Humor possesssing the Midrif is the cause of a Dyspnaea extending the Midrif doth breed a difficulty of breathing in an ascites Dropsie as shall be declared in a Dropsie But the Humor which is collected in the Cavity of the Breast doth cause a Dyspnaea rather by hindering the Lungs then the Breast as we shall shew in the Lungs The Bowels lying under the Midrif and growing to it The Bowels hindring the Midrif are the cause of a Dyspnaea or hanging by it if they acquire too great a bulk drawing down the Midrif with
a lamentable sound Sighing may be in the sound and sick There is great Respiration in Yawning Yawning or Oscitation in which the Mouth is wide opened and the Air drawn in much and presently sent out with a doleful sound With this Pandiculation is commonly joyned as we shewed They are both in the sound and sick In the Hicket there is a short and interrupted Respiration Hickets the Air breaking forth with a sound in a moment It is in sound people and in sick a dangerous accident and holds many hours In Neesing Neesing there is a sudden sending forth of Air with more force and noise and a shaking of the whol Body It is many times together somtimes causing Tears and throwing out whatsoever is in the Jawes or Nostrils It foreruns Catarrhs and great Diseases as the Falling-sickness somtimes Hence come the crying of God bless you at that time as we shewed in Epilepsie It somtimes follows Diseases and puts an end to them and in some people it comes upon a slight occasion In a Cough the Air is thrown out with as much force as the other Coughing and with a noise but chiefly from the Mouth it is somtimes long somtimes short and returns usually sending humors to the Mouth that are spit forth afterwards then it is called a moist Cough as that in which nothing is voided is called a dry Cough and if it be smal Tussicula or a Kecking But if it be vehement it causeth Vomiting Weeping and Hoarsness by clamor or takes away the Voice And if it continue it causeth pain in the Breast and Belly by the shaking thereof This Cough may be in some Men from outward causes but in old men it is so usual that it seems a Natural Excretion In many Diseases it is troublesome and the chief Symptome There is a more strong and continued sending forth of wind in belching Belching in sound and sick it is stinking or otherwise In Vomiting Vomiting there is breathing forth with greater straining somtimes without matter sent forth and it is the Symptom of many Diseases lasting long and much afflicting There is also a Voluntary sending forth of Air from the Mouth and Nose in Vociferation or hollowing and in Anhelation which is hot breathing Vociferation Anhelation Sufflation and Exsufflation which is cold breathing Emunction Emunction or blowing of the Nose is voluntary with force and Noise sending forth Air and Humor with holding of the Nose that the part being strightned the sending forth may be more violent or else the Nostrils are open and the matter is snuffed out We cast out Humors voluntarily Spitting also by spitting with the Mouth contracted that the Wind may be stronger And by Hawking we ferch it out of the Jawes into the Mouth Hawking and so squirt it forth These two are somtimes Symptomes of Diseases Somtimes sound men have them from plenty of Humors in the Jaws or from custom As when Oratours spet at every ful point Hoarsness Hoarsness is when the Voyce is rough and unequal The Articulate Voyce or Speech is sent forth badly Stammering when men Stemmer in pronouncing some Letters But when they cannot speak them plainly it is to be referred to Speech diminished as we shewed in the defect of Respiration But when there is no defect but they pronounce some Letters with a double sound as R. then it belongs to Depraved Speech The Causes All the Causes of all the Kinds of Depraved Respiration are from the Heart and Organs of breathing Respiration and especially Inspiration is from the Heart to get vital Spirits And it is enlarged if there be not sufficient Air or when the Spirits are moved vehemently If the Heart be deprived of Air by respiration intermitting Affection of the mind is the cause of sighs which the heart must have for the generation of vital spirits then to recover what was lost it fetcheth a great Inspiration or Sigh by which the Air being largely attracted the Defect is made up Respiration is intermitted when the mind through affection is so intent upon other things that it forgets breathing til necessity constrains it and makes it greater The Cause of sighing or great Inspiration is the too much commotion of the spirits of the heart by reason the preturbation of mind with Pain Oppression and Suffocation of as we may perceive in passions For thereby the heart is cooled and refreshed as we perceive plainly in sighing And this is the cause rather than intermission and forgetfulness in regard in the night when we think of nothing we breath sufficiently Vehement motion of the whole body Vehement motion is the cause of quick breathing as Running Climing up a hil which dissipate the spirits is the cause of quick respiration to restore them not only to cool the heart for respiration may be from motion without heat Respiration is quicker if the body grow hot with too much pain whereby the Spirits are more consumed Heat is the cause of short breathing especially when the heart is hot also as it may be by hot houses as wel as motion also by violent motions of the mind as Anger Joy and Feavers in which one Symptom is short breathing And if the Organs of breathing are burdened or provoked the expiration is greater We shewed in depraved motion how the Organs of breath A Vapor Idleness or Imagination is the cause of yawning being burdened with vapors and desiring to relax themselves cause oscitation and pandiculation The Organs of Respiration being molested cause blowing or exsufflation when any of them being very sensible as the Membrane in the Aspera Arteria Lungs Nostrils Mouth Jaws Throat Stomach Guts and Midriff is offended whereby they labor to blow forth what hurts them and then the blowing is more or less according to the part affected And we shal now shew how it may come from divers causes splendor vapor air humors As a great Light as that of the Sun by disturbing the Eyes causeth tears The Brightness of the Sun is the cause of sneezing so it causeth snezing by affecting the sensible Tunicle of the Nostrils with which that of the Eyebrows hath consent in those that have thin humors or exquisite sense of those parts A sharp scent or vapor as that of Garlick A sharp Odour is the cause of sneezing Onions Mustard Radish causeth Tears and Neezing by pricking the Membrane of the Eyes and Nose Much cold Air drawn in Air and cold Water is the Cause of Coughing and Hoarsness that molesteth the Tunicle of the Jawes and rough Artery causeth a dry Cough with Hoarsness when by binding and drying it exasperateth and maketh rough the parts that should be smooth and slippery And then the Voice is lost and by causing a Defluxion it may by accident produce a moist Cough Cold Water drunk much doth the same and astringents much used If humors or other thick
bodies fall into the rough Artery being it is of exquisite sense Things falling into the rough Artery cause a Cough and cannot so much as have a touch of them a cough is caused and it is greater if the things be rough or sharp As it is when in eating or drinking any thing goes the wrong way in at the Larynx or Wind-pipe as it often happens to them that speak when they are eating which enlargeth the wind-pipe Water Wine or a crum of bread gets in or the like which cause coughing by which they are sent out at the mouth or Nose Also dust or pouder may be drawn into the Wind-pipe and cause the same And if the like be snuffed or drawn into the Nose with the breath Things snuffed into the Nose the cause of neezing being sharp and pricking they cause neesing as Pepper Pellitory Hellebore or sharp juyces And if they get into the Wind-pipe with the Air they cause coughing Also things that burn the Jaws Things held in the mouth cause spitting and prick the mouth chewed or held therein provoke spittle as Pellitory Stavesacre and the like A watry humor thin or thick A humor from the Brain causeth a Cough simple or mixed with choler which is salt or is chewed in a Catarrh if it fall into the Wind-pipe it causeth a Cough which is greater according to the quantity or sharpness of the humor And it continues when the Flux continueth and is rather dispersed than sent forth by coughing All these are milder when the humor is watery and not sharp as when it falls at night only and is easily spit up the next morning Also the same humor falling from the head into the mouth or Wind-pipe causeth a hauking which brings it into the mouth and so sends it forth A humor from the head is the cause of hauking If it be tough and sticketh long it causeth a hoarsness by making an inequality in the part which hinders the voyce or it lies under the Tunicle and swels it Use of Quick-silver is the cause of spitting When filth is sent hither from the whol body it causeth a constant spitting as after anoynting with Quick-silver by which means an ulcer may be caused which may cause hoarsness If the humor from from the head be sharp and thin An humor from the head is the cause of sneesing and flow to the Nose it causeth by pricking neesing and often sniffling in the disease Coryza and if it continue Inflammation and ulcers from the heat of the humor When Blood falls into the Jaws it is hauked out Blood falling down is the cause of hauking and cough when into the Lungs it is coughed out And if it be sharp and about the Nose it causeth neesing which foregoeth bleeding at the Nose Also Flegm in the Lungs from their crude nourishment causeth coughing which continues according to the toughness as we shewed in Asthma Flegm or Gravel in the Lungs the cause of coughing As also stones or gravel growing there especially if they be in the greater branches of the Wind-pipe where the sense is more exquisite and laboureth to get forth Also matter in the Lungs causeth coughing Matter in the Lungs the cause of a cough of flegm long conteined and ripened or of excrementitious blood without an Ulcer for which cause in the Pleurisie and Peripneumony it is gathered rather from the Inflammation of the Lungs than strained through the Lungs from the breast which causeth coughing as I shal shew there somtimes it comes from an Ulcer or Imposthume of the Lungs and 't is alwaies spit up in Consumptions In all which if the matter be white concocted and temperate the Cough is milder but if yellow green black sharp or stinking it is worse Also the matter in a Pleurisie and Peripneumony sweating through the Lungs at the first causeth a Cough Matter and blood in the Lungs cause a Cough And Blood in the passion of Blood-spitting Evil Vapors causeth Hickets If the Midriff in malignant Feavers be troubled with evil vapors and stir'd to send them forth it is contracted and suddenly relaxed as we shewed in Convulsions and causeth the same in the Hickets as we see in deadly Diseases And in a burning Feaver when the Midriff is dried this cannot be but a dfficulty of breathing If the Midriff be wounded with the Stomach it causeth depraved motion for the Midriff lieth upon the stomach and hath the same Tunicle with the Stomach and the Nerves therefore it must needs consent therewith And when the stomach laboureth to expel any the Midriff moves to resist it with the other Muscles of the breast as it doth assist the Muscles of the belly to press down the Excrements by stool If any thing offending the inward sides of the stomach only The pricking of the stomach is the cause of Hickets be to be cast off the motion of the Hicket is sufficient by which the Midriff shakes the stomach and helps the expulsive faculty that it may cast the matter sticking thereto into the hollow of the stomach and mix it with the rest And then the pricking ceaseth and also the motion of the Midriff except the matter cleave again to the stomach and then the Hickets return The Stomach is pricked thus by sharp things or such as burn or are enemies unto it as Pepper Onions Purges Poyson stinks or cholerick malignant humors there bred or sent thither When the stomach is offended by consent of the inward Tunicle Heart-burning the cause of Nesing nature strives to disburden it by a stronger motion which is Neesing by which they which have pain at the Heart are suddenly refreshed because the matter is by that means shaken into the stomach And by the same consent not only with the stomach The Cause of Cough and Sneesing from stomach and Guts but guts and bowels adjacent there is a dry cough as it appears in Children that have the Worms which cause a dry Cough by their disturbing of the stomach and Colon and somtimes Neesing before which the Nose itched by the consent of the same Tunicle And in other obstructions of the bowels the Midriff being burdened with their weight there is a dry Cough Belching is a stronger motion than Hickets for the Midriff helps the stomach Wind the cause of Belching when it is filled with Wind to throw it out which swels like the matter that caused it When the matter is more solid as meat and Drink and humors Trouble in the stomach the cause of Vomiting there is a stronger motion of the Midriff and Muscles of the breast by Vomiting by which the stomach is not only forced but turned by which the matter and air is sent forth with great noise by an unaccustomed way This Vomiting is caused by things in the stomach that offend in quantity or quality as we shal shew in Excretion and things cast out Also the
Inflammation of the stomach and Midriff Some Diseases cause Hickets and other Diseases that hurt them cause the Hickets And also great Diseases of the parts adjacent Preternatural Tumors and Ulcers in the Chaps cause hoarsness Diseases are the cause of Hoarsness as we observe in the Leprosie and French Pox. It is commonly from the Birth The Tongue disordered in the cause of stammering and Wharling that the Tongue is so disordered that it cannot pronounce R. but like a double R. the Tongue is bent or otherwise The cause of stammering is shewed in the Defect of Respiration The Cure Some kinds need no Cure others are mentioned in other places If it come from strong motion The cure of Short-breathing there must be rest or by a contrary motion as when it comes from ascending to descend If it come from passion when that is past the motion of the heart is past If from outward heat cooling abates it c. In Feavers If it come from disturbance of the mind and be often it ceaseth with it Sighing Sighs shew the greatness of the Disease in the Mind Head or Madness In other Diseases when the mind is not disturbed often sighing declares Pusilanimity or strength lost If it come not from weariness or want of sleep which is natural and be often Concerning Yawning it foretels a Feaver or Ague as we shewed in Pandiculation which accompanieth it It is caused by Imagination easier in lazy people than in Active If Hickets be in acute Feavers and continue it threateneth Convulsion The cure of Hickets because the Midrif is greatly affected and death If it come from the Stomach much offended with Hellebore Poyson or corroding things or a great Disease oâ Inflammation it foretels the same from other causes it is easily cured In the cure first remove the cause as the Inflammation in a malignant or sharp Feaver if from the stomach being pricked lenifie it And in all causes stop the inordinate motion of the Midrife which comes by the Hicket They are done by these following as the cause is sharp hot cholerick biting malignant or cold and flegmatick If the cause be in the Stomach Vomiting is best for the Midriffe in the Hicket helpeth the stomach to expel together with the Muscles of the breast The Vomit must be such as cleanseth and allayeth sharpness and heat thus Take syrup of Vinegar and Oxymel simple each six drams Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces with Water of Nuts or Decoction of Raddishes give it It must be repeated if the Hicket cease not and stronger given such as are mentioned Also purge And if the Humor be tough prepare it with Cutters and Cleansers as Juleps Wormwood-wine which is good both in a cholerick and flegmatick Humor Stomach Purges are given for this as Hiera c. in the Diseases of the Stomach As in a hot Cause Take Wormwood one dram Senna three drams Rhubarb one dram Infuse them in Wine let them boyl and be strained In a cold Cause Take Agarick Turbith of each one dram Ginger half a dram Sal Gem six grains Hiera two drams Diagrydium one scruple with Oxymel make a Mass give one dram These may be repeated if the Disease return These following stop the Hickets cleanse the Humor and Lenifie the Stomach and after strengthen In a hot cause when the humor is sharp and burning or in a distemper or emptiness these following are good Broath in great quantity and often Ptisans cold or hot water in great quantity Oyl of sweet Almonds Or Take juyce of Pomegranats half an ounce Vineger two drams Mastick dried Mints of each half a dram Let him drink it Or other sharp Syrups In a cold Elegmatick Cause Take Galangal Ginger of each half a dram spanish Wine one ounce and an half Cinnamon water half an ounce Or thus Take Galangal three drams dried Wormwood and Mints of each two drams Spike Marjoram Dill and Carva seeds of each one dram Cinnamon Cloves of each half a dram Steep them in Wine Also Take Aqua vitae one ounce infuse Cinnamon and Galangal of each one dram shake it often Or this Electuary Take Acorus that is Calamus Aromaticus and Candied Ginger of each one ounce conserve of Marjoram half an ounce Pouder of Galangal one dram with syrup of Mints Or these Pills Take Castor half a dram Mumie one scruple Mastick half a scruple with Honey of squils make a Mass for two Doses We also allay the sense of the Stomach with Treacle Methridate pouder of Tormentil and if it come from Poyson they do good against the Hicket And other Antidotes You may give other Narcoticks if it hinder Sleep And Clysters to revel downwards and Suppositories that Nature may rather send downwards then upwards The smel of Dill boyled with Mastick staies the Hickets Neesing Cures Hickets because the matter offending is sent from the Stomach and Midrif by a greater force Wash the Mouth with cold Water and Gargle Apply things outwardly to the Stomach as this Fomentation Take roots of Elicampanc three drams Mints Wormwood Spike Dill Pennyroyal Calamints of each one handful Lavender Rosemary and Cammomel flowers each one pugil Cumin Carua Dill seeds of each one dram Bay and Juniper berries of each half an ounce Mastick two drams Boyl them in Wine to foment the Stomach before Also hot Ashes with Aqua vitae and Sack put in a bag or bladder and applied to the Stomach A Fomentation with Rose Vinegar and a Spunge is good in a hot cause Anoynt the Stomach before and behind with loosning Oyls and after with Astringents Or apply this Bag Take CArva seeds half an ounce Ammi and Dill seeds of each two drams Galangal Cloves of each one dram dried Mints two drams Mastick Frankincense of each one dram sprinkle them with Rose Vinegar Emplasters also in a hot cause the Cerot of Sanders Unguent of Roses of each one ounce Mastich half an ounce Citron peels and Quince of each one dram with juyce of Houseleek and Turpentine make two Emplaisters for the fore and hinder side of the Stomach It is good to wash or bath the Hands and Feet in hot water And to bind the outward parts Apply Cupping-glasses first to the Shoulders and Navel and then to the Stomach before and behind If you hold your breath it stops the motion of the Midrif and abates the Hicket Or Swallow down suddenly water or gulp divers times without it Or if you hollow and roar or runn it causeth more breathing and then the Muscles of the Breast with the Midrif help the Stomach to expel what is hurtful Also sudden passions of the mind by calling in the spirits take it away by frighting or noise or the like And chiefly by dashing the Face suddenly with Water Dioscorides Teacheth that Alysson held in the Hand stops it Neesing is somtimes a good sign and in sound people sends forth that which troubleth The cure of
Inject with a Syringe into the bladder things that loosen the passages as Oyl of sweet Almonds or in which Mallows was boyled or that prick as Oyl of Scorpions to cause Urin and the Stone to be voided Or Whey or other clensers as Honey and Aloes if the humor be thick or things that break the Stone If there be a Caruncle or hardness inject Mollifiers and Clensers as Aegiptiacum and after Dryers as that of Litharge Tutty Antimony Ceruss and Aloes thrust in at the end of a Wax Candle If the Bladder be ful of Urin put in the Catheter which is good in all stoppages for it drives back the Stone breaks the Caruncle and dissolves clotted blood or matter it is made hollow that the Urin may flow through it Chimches Fleas and Lice may be put into the Yard or smal Hairs to provoke Urin. They say Galbanum applied like a Plaister to the top of the Yard provokes Urin. Also a Fume of Hedghogs bristles and Agarick and of Grass-hoppers doth it in Women Somtimes the only pressing of the swollen Bladder with the hand doth it And when a Stone is gotten into the Yard it may be pressed out by degrees Somtimes they must be cut for the Stone or Caruncle when other means fail as we shal shew in the Stone CHAP. IX Of the Defect of Bringing forth Children or other things The Kinds THere is a Defect of natural excretion by which a Woman sends forth at a fit season either a Child or a deformed Mole The Birth is Defective when it is difficult as it may be preternaturally and naturally Or when it is not at its time appointed by nature or before it or when part thereof remains behind Birth becomes difficult and painful when it is Natural when the Child is ripe A natural difficult Birth and the Woman hath foregoing signs by which she is provoked to hold her breath and press the Muscles of the belly as in other digestion All which are increased when the Child comes forth Also after birth some pain remains called after-pains of which seeing they are natural to the bringing forth we shal speak in the hurt of that Function rather than in pains Somtimes Travail is not preternatural from some impediment and so with more difficulty and slower as is mentioned A preternatural difficult Birth in which great pain afflicteth with straining heat and sweating when the Child sticks cross in the passage where the Midwife may feel it or when the Hand or Foot hangs out and not the Head for when that comes first the birth is easie Hence it is that either the Mother or the Child often dies It is said to be no Birth when the Woman goes beyond the natural time Birth hindered which is usually the tenth month though the seventh month be also allowed and there is nothing brought forth though the Child be ripe or there be a mole And then she falleth to sounding which kind of fainting is here most deadly through pain labor and bleeding Also shee hath her throws at the time and seems to be fit for Travail and is so disposed by the Midwife and her Urin breaks from her as is usual in that condition But all these cease and no birth followeth And if they return not the Child is dead and putrifies and breeds Feavers and Faintings and so infecteth the body that the Mother dieth as many have done especially one who went five months beyond her time with a dead Child and a stinking flux with the Navel-string hanging forth before she died which so infected that the Womb and Child were black and very stinking when shee was opened And when the Mother lived shee had somtimes cleer bladders about her Navel which signified putrefaction through which the Back-bones of the Child were seen and taken forth after they brake This causeth death as we shewed if it be not speedily voided and may be before the Child is perfect and then it must be cast out presently and it is easily done while it is little but when it is great there is as we said want of birth As also if there be a false conception or Mole which the sooner it is cast out the less is the danger therefore when we are certain thereof if nature be slow we help her with Medicines The Child is known to be dead if the Mother feel no motion which shee formerly felt and the belly is stil big which often deceiveth by the Terms reteined and these breaking forth it suddenly falleth flat about the flanks And if the Womb be cold and the Paps which were swollen grow lank At length if it continue there followeth water matter and filth and pieces of the secondine hang out there is a Feaver Heart-pain and Swounding We shal shew in depravate Conception when there a Mole and no Child and how you shal know it The Birth is imperfect when the Child is voided and the Secondine remaineth whol or torn Imperfect Birth growing to the Womb or stopped and causeth great danger of a Feaver or sudden Swounding or Death The Causes The Scripture witnesseth that natural difficulty of Travail was caused by original sin Sin from Eves fall in Paradise for which the Creator was pleased to inflict pain in Travail Yet let us shew some natural cause of both why it should be naturally or preternaturally defective or imperfect which is either from the greatness of the Child Situation or weakness or form of the Womb having three orifices or from streightness of the Neck thereof When a Child ready to be delivered is great as when it can no longer be contained in the Womb Greatness of the Child but seeks another mansion and Diet in respect of the passages the Delivery cannot be without pain though it be natural And the rather when the Child being great by the Father is born by a little Woman which brings forth with great danger alwaies As also when there is monstrous Conception or many at once There is also either no birth or very hard Evil position of the Child when the decent roundness of it is changed by breaking the coats and flowing of water whereby the Child comes not forth with the Head first but the Feet or lieth cross or when the hands or feet which were close to the sides are stretched out And in regard the strong Throws of the Mother are required in Travail Weakness of the Mother the more couragious the Woman is the easier is the Delivery so they that are weak as very young and old Women and such as are weak-spirited and fearful dul and sloathful are tired out and in great danger If the Vessels by which the child wrapt in Membranes with a cake of flesh in the middle cleaveth to the Womb be not ripe The Vessels connexion not divided in the Womb. they are unfit to be divided like the stalks of unripe Apples without tearing and force and bleeding nor doth bleeding
and active and they who have less are weak and sooner die And when that flourishing humor is consumed like Oyl by the heat of the spirit by degrees in age men grow more weak and dry Among internal and external causes Diseases that dissipate the influent and fixed spirits are the cause of weakness all great Diseases dissipate the vital spirits if they continue long and at length consume the innate spirits with the radical moisture wherewith it is joyned from whence the weakness is more or less Great and often Evacuations either by chance or willingly Evacuations that dissipate the natural fixed and also the influent heat cause weakness or in Diseases exhaust and dissipate the spirits and abate strength especially if good humors be voidded as Seed in the running of the Reins or by Venery Also great bleeding purging by reason the stirring of the spirits abate strength as in Diarrhaea's and great and often sweating and much pissing Also the sudden effusion of things besides nature as of Water in the Dropsie matter in an Empiema doth weaken These violent excretions being painful as in a Dysentery weaken more Great pain which violently stirreth the spirits Pain moving the spirits causeth weakness to bring them to the part afflicted with the blood for help causeth weakness and if it be very great fainting Especialy if the part suffering Pain of the Mouth of the Stomack cause of Cardiaca or fainting have great affinity with the Heart Hence it is that they who have the Cardialgia or Heart pain are very weak by reason of the consent of the Stomach with the Heart and do easily faint this fainting is called Cardiaca And so it is in other painful and long Diseases Great and sudden Passions of the Mind Trembling of the Spirit is the cause of weakness fainting because then the spirits are carried in and out with force cause debility and somtimes fainting and death Thus we have seen some swoon with joy that hath thrown the spirits outward and have read that others have died so In anger the spirits are so inraged that they look red in the Face And when the spirits presently return as the paleness following sheweth they are in little danger of life but they are weakned thereby as appears by their trembling and there remains a weariness though anger be over Nor is the cause of men not dying with anger as with joy because angry men are stronger as is supposed in regard old men and sick men that are peevish are easily moved to anger But it often hapens that by great fear the spirits being violently moved some die and many are weakned And shame and bashfulness may cause the same by which they say Homer died Also if the passions be of long continuance and strong as sadness and fear and the like they stir the spirits with continual Cogitation and at length consum them and as they say dry the bones and this is a Consumption of the Spirits A strong and constant heat doth not only dissipate the spirits but consumes them Heat dissipating the spirits and consuming their nourishment is the cause of weakness and their nourishment as when the body is weakned by heat fire labor there is fainting somtimes And in Feavers it is so especially in a Causon or burning Feaver And in a Hectick the accidental heat of the heart though not great yet continuing devours the radical moisture of the heart and solid parts and the spirits and causeth weakness and Consumption A cold distemper quencheth the native heat Cold restraining the native heat is the cause of weakness or makes it less so some have been frozen to death And others have been killed with staying long in cold water Also some parts are benumed and blasted with cold or so weakned that they come not again to themselves And this may come to the Stomach by drinking cold water And hither may be referred those that for want of excercise bring not the native heat into action and grow stupid Also the parrs grow weak by using things inwardly and outwardly that are Potentially cold a long time they grow weak but the native heat is not wholly extinct as by actual cold Although hitherto it hath been believed to come from Narcoticks that are very cold which as we shewed do not kil by cooling but by stupefying the brain Nor do we grant that the Pores being obstructed that the heat is Suffocated for want of fanning or Eventilation for as we shewed the Skin hath Pores not to let in Air but to let out other things A Maligne quality affecting the Heart or mixed with its spirits A Maligne quality in the Heart is the Cause of weakness causeth an extinction of native heat thereof and by consequence of all the Body or diminisheth it and begets a Syncope or weakness or Death according toits divers qualities So when the Air is infected men in the Plague suddenly faint are weak and die or in swouning Feavers which alwaies begin with fainting And when Poyson is taken or bred in the Body it gets to the Heart and endangers life and causeth weakness And this may happen to other parts when Poyson is more contrary to them then to the Heat If a Wound peirce the left Ventricle of the Heart A Wound in the Heart is the cause of weakness and Death the spirits suddenly vanish and there is sudden Death And if the right or it peirce the Superficies or cuts the Coronal Veins they die suddenly from great bleeding I suppose non can scape if the substance only be hurt and divided because a principal part cannot endure it Fernelius writes that he saw one that consumed before he died of an Ulcer in the Heart that came from an inward cause The like may be from a Tumor which is rare and not known but by dissection because the Heart feels not I faw in 1644. in a Woman that I opened of a Dropsie in the Breast such a swolen Heart loose and greater then it should be with the Vessels especially the Arteria Aorta three times bigger then usual and both the Ventricles especially the left and the Langs and Cavity of the breast silled with waterish blood Also a great corruption in other parts extinguisheth the native heat The Cure We shall shew how it is to be done in diverse weaknesses The Cure of weakness and swouning and chiefly in general Imbecility and great fainting which also may be for particular weakned parts although in their Symptoms we shall also speak thereof We must act and prognostick acctording to the diversity of the cause of weakness If it come from want of Air and breathing we shewed the Cure in the defect of Breathing If it be from the birth or old age we labor in Vain because natural causes cannot be changed nor radical moisture renewed If it be from Evacuation it is worst from Venery or bleeding which is in a Dropsie If
was beloved he discovered a Disease to be from the mind that is Love This Palpitation of the Heart is sooner in weak people and such as are disposed to it Stirring of the Spirits causeth palpitation of Heart in them that are subject thereto the least exercise wil cause it in some One confessed to me that he had it presently in the act of Venery and was so troubled therewith that except he gave over he should be stifled as it fel out afterwards This pulsation also is greater when the spirits are dissipated from other causes as at the point of Death when they are vanished though there be great weakness by which nature labors to assist them in the greatest danger by this motion and recollection of Spirits When the Spirits grow hot with the blood Over-heating of the Spirits is the cause of quick and great pulsation there is great motion of the Heart and Arteries not so much because the spirits are hot and unquiet but because they then are sooner spent that what is suddenly lost may be suddenly repaired Whether it come from the external causes as the Fire or Fume or from internal and the rather if the Heart grow hot and continue so as in a Feaver Or if the heat come from motion of the body or exercise in heat Or when the mind is so affected that not only the Spirits are troubled but set on fire thereby as in anger Or when all these concur As we knew a Noble man that playing at Tennis was so hot and angry and so moved in the Pulsation and Respiration that he could not recollect himself nor could the motion cease but he died suddenly When the Arteries are too full of blood and too much dilated thereby in regard they ought not to be filled as the Veins are that there may be room for the Vital spirits the Pulsation which before was not perceived when moderate is felt by the Patient and that vehement Diastole about the Heart and great Arteries mentioned in the Palpitation of the Heart is raised Especially when the blood floweth to the left Ventricle of the Heart and to its Ear which may be much enlarged to the great Artery whereby they are too full and extended And it ceaseth when it flows from those parts and doth not more lift them up and dilate them Or it molesteth continually if an Artery be so dilated as Fernelius observed Yea that the great Tumor called Aneurisma doth follow And if this Aneurisma be within in any part of the great Artery or in the breast Throat under the Ribs or in the Ear of the Heart which wil be very much stretched it causeth a perpetual Pulsation as an external Aneurism and is the cause of that Palpitation of Heart which lasteth so long and kils so many as some have observed in Anatomy It is plain that this Palpitation comes from plenty of Arterial blood Plenty and heat of Arterial blood that fils the Arteries causeth palpitation of Heart because the Arteries have nothing else in them And Galen seems to grant it when he saies all such are cured or eased by bleeding And this pulsation is greater by how much the blood and the spirits mixed therewith which fill the Arteries are the hotter Fernelius witnesseth that he saw such blood in the Arteries burnt like black choller And we prove that that cholerick hot blood is gathered in the Mesaraick Arteries and and sent to the great Arteries by these Arguments Because as such juyce as is frequently bred in the mesaraick Veins from meat and drink doth inflame pollute the blood being carried from the branches of the Gate-vein to the hollow vein so doth it get into the mesaraick Arteries which are joyned to those Veins and so into the greater Arteries and so to the Heart and so filleth them and doth what is mentioned And the rather because these mesaraick Arteries are branches of the great Artery but the meseraick Veins come not from the hollow Vein nor are joyned to it but by the substance of the hinder Hence is this Disease so usual in Virgins from the stoppage of their Courses which begets an evil habit and in those that have Hypochondriack Melancholy In which as the fulness and foulness of the Venal and Arterial blood causeth Cachexy and Melancholy so do they cause palpitation of the Heart and Arteries Some say this may be from Wind filling the Arteries which we cannot allow because none hath observed that the Veins can be filled therewith Nor do we grant that vapors gathered about the Midriff Spleen or Womb and so sent into the Arteries and Heart or a thick vapor shut into the Heart that came from another place as some have written can so fill it that they may cause this Pulsation As for other causes of palpitation of which they write especially wind or water in the Pericardium we count them not the true cause of Palpitation but of some fluctuation when the body is moved as may appear by the noise in the breast as we shal shew in preternatural Swoons in the body Other Diseases of the Heart besides these mentioned may cause it to move inordinately and quicker as heat that moves the Spirits and disperseth them and too great Repletion by the blood of the Arteries Such are those that so offend the Heart it moveth violently to cast them off rather by a natural sensation than by feeling which the Heart wanteth A Venemous quality from within or without A malign quality stirs up the Heart to palpitation doth cause palpitation or any malignity in the arterial blood which fils the Arteries causeth the same by stretching them and by troubling the Heart I understood that one who died of a continual Trembling of the Heart had a Bone or Gristle found in his Heart The Cure That Palpitation which comes from vehement motion of mind or body The Cure when it comes from vehement motion or Heat ceaseth when they cease as we shewed in Short-breathing which is joyned therewith But when many causes concur it is dangerous as we shewed When it comes from plenty of blood it is dangerous and lasting Cure of Palpitation of heart and troublesom by continual motion but wasting of the Spirits many have dyed hereof others have long been troubled therewith many have been cured by removing the cause And because the Cause is commonly about the Meseraick Vessels which are distributed in the natural parts and there is the plethory and filth it is cured as Cachexy Cachochymie and Hypochondriack Melancholly which are usualy joyned therewith By preventing too great increase of Blood Humors and Wind and such humors as chiefly abound by purging of Choler and strengthening the natural parts and mixing Cordials with all things And in regard it is hard to evacuate the conjunct cause in the Artesies and Heart we must strengthen them with Cordials Thus. Letting of blood except some thing hinder is good according to Galen
as in a Palsey And also by inchantments when the exquisite sense of the Yard is so lost that it will not rise by the tickling which we shall shew proceedeth from the seed Hence it is that either there is no act or very faint Venery is defective from a fault in the neck of the Womb The growing together straightness or hurt of the neck of the Womb is the cause of defect of Venery when the passage is not open For Children born without an Orifice cannot live for want of Pissing as hath been known except it be made by Art And this is somtimes by birth and somtimes by an Ulcer after it is heated but seldom Yet a woman which through difficulty in Child-bearing was hurt in that part whom I know was so modest that she would not reveal it but committed it to natures Cure so that proud flesh grew about the Womb and stopped her Courses from coming forth and the Orifice was so closed as appeared after her death though living she would not declare it that there was a thick Escar upon it and it could not be seen or perceived This Orifice in Virgins is often closed with a Skin called Hymen which causeth the first Copulation painful and if it be thick hinders Copulation till it be removed Also it may be made straighter naturally or by an excrescence a Tumor or Callus or hurt of the neck of the Womb which may cause such pain that she cannot admit of a man From the affliction of the Seminal Vessels which bring the blood which begets seed made The causes of hindered or imperfect Venery in both sexes of quenched Venery in a Woman is either no Seed or that which is naught in the Vessels contained and sent forth from them Venery may be hindered or weak in both Sexes if there be either no seed or at least such as will not provoke to the act For the sharpness of the Seed causeth the Itch not wind as hath been thought and stirs up nature by the spirits in the Arteries and fils the Spungy Body of the Yard and Glans therewith so that it is enlarged swollen hard red and hot and fit for the action especially when it is in the proper Vessels hot and labors to get out But when it is weak waterish and crude or little in quantity or none then there is no pricking without which there can be no erection as in Eunuchs and so there can be no performance or very little and weak And if this be in a woman and the provocation or pricking be wanting they grow not warm nor desire Venery nor find any pleasure therein These distempers of the Seminal Vessels hinder the voiding of seed when it is not wanting and cause imperfect Venery The affects Weakness coldness ill fashion of the Seminal Vessels is the cause of defect of Venery in both sexes and of that which is called coldness in man by which Seed is wanting or cannot be spent or grows weak are either weakness of the Seminal Vessels by reason of old age or a Disease especially about those parts or too much Venery which relaxeth and weakneth them Or coldness of the parts especially in men when the Yard is refrigerated and cannot be filled and stretched forth with blood for which causes little or none or dul seed being produced they are not stird up to Copulation or their seed flows from them without sense This also may come from an evil composition of the Vessels at the first the kind whereof is difficult to be known in people that are alive except it be conjectured from this that they having perfect Members for generation and no cause aforegoing to hinder it cannot use Copulation but when they are dead we may as I have found perceive in their opening want of Seminal Vessels or disorderly passages somtimes on both sides of the Reins or the like It often hapneth to men that by incantation Inchantment is the cause of impotency in men from whence they are said to have the point tied or witchcraft their Reins or Yard or both are so weakned that they cannot perform These they call bound or lockt because it is caused by tying of a Point a Bulls pizle or Wolfes pizle or of some other Lecherous beast How this is done being preternatural doth not concern us to enquire By the cutting of the Spermatical Vessels which bring the matter of the Seed Gelding is the cause of impotency in Eunuchs as when both stones are taken off for one cannot do it in men because seed cannot be made they cannot spend nor have they a desire Yet somtimes from other causes blood may so flow to the Member that it may enter into a woman but to no purpose Wherefore when they will have true Eunuchs to whom they may commit their women they take of the Yard at the root This is too often done to men for the Cure of the Rupture but I never knew it done either for any Disease or to take away lust Also the stoppage of the vessels by a thick humor or Tumor The Obstruction of the seminal vessels is the cause of want of Venery may cause a defect especially in men when the passege of the Yard for both Seed and Urin is stopt by a Caruncle or Excrescence a Callus a Stone or the like that neither can come forth Stoppage or streightness or Perforation of the passage in the Yard is the cause that hinders Copulation or makes it Imperfect Or when the member is weak in the act of Copulation and the passage is not direct nor sufficiently enlarged so that the seed being little is not directly conveighed but stopped til after it come forth of it self Or when there is a hole through the Yard by reason of a Fistula therein as I have seen by which means the Seed passeth not the right way And this is not an hinderance to the Act as I shal shew but only of Conception The Act of Copulation is not wholly hindred from a want of sufficient Blood to produce Seed for little is required wherefore poor men that are in want of Food and such as have long been sick and are in Consumptions may do the feat but they who have more blood do it to better purpose Now that Copulation should not be desired in some Diseases where there is disturbance of mind and grief it is no wonder when pleasure and delight which stirs up this act is taken away Neither can thickness of blood cause it when it is brought and dispersed for the extension of the Yard for the arterial blood which hath most spirits is chiefly sent thither yet we suppose them to be most lustful whose blood is hottest and thinnest The Cure We must consider first whether the fault be hid or manifest and accordingly foretel and Act. If men are born without a Yard The Care of Impotency Faintness Copulat on bindred or imperfect or extinct whether
naturally closed and after Conception closeth and openeth not but when there is a supertaetation or taking too much If the substance of the womb be too hard or want blood The cause of barrenness is the hardness and driness of the womb it is a great cause of want of Conception for a Woman is then fit to conceive when the womb which is thick and nervous and unfit for conception while it remaineth so becomes fleshy and soft by heat and affluxion of blood and as in salt Bitches we see their privities swollen so doth the Orisice in a Woman and the clift is larger to entertain the seed But if it continue in its natural condition or grow harder there can be no Conception because the Orifice wil not open and receive the seed And this is from the constitution and temper thereof from the original the substance thereof is too dry otherwise it is only in age and then but natural because they then cease to breed but if it be hard before old age it makes sound Women barren and so they remain This befalls them who by too much Lechery and the like have dried the Womb or them whose wombs are hard by a Tumor or after an Inflammation But if blood doth not moisten the womb When the substance of the womb is not moistened with blood it is barren which is required for the enlarging softning thereof and for the increase of the Infant either not at all or by suppression of the Courses or come not to the bottom of the womb by reason of the hardness thereof or streightness of the Veins or Obstructions it comes to pass that Viragoes or Women that never had Courses or that have them so much that they cannot be dispersed into the Veins for want of heat are barren And hence it is that they who have long abstained from the use of man or not conceived for other causes and made their womb without blood through want of exercise causing it to flow rather to the Veins of the neck of the womb to be purged by Courses by reason of discontinuance or want of practise when they grow old though they use a man they conceive not so easily as they who keep a constant moderate excercise from their youth The weakness of the womb is the cause why it is not fit for Conception Weakness of the Womb is the cause of barrenness for the functions thereof being hurt the chief whereof is the conceiving of seed it cannot attract or retain it This is from the birth or from coldness or other Diseases these are slow to Venery and subject to other Diseases of the womb The Cold and moist distemper besides the cold and dry is a hinderance of conception A moist distemper of the Womb is the cause of barrenness and this is usually lookt at in Cure as being the most usual This comes from moist excrements in the womb made from evil and crude nourishment which moisten and loosen the orifice or from too much Lechery in Whores which causeth slipperiness in the part This cannot be from a defluxion into the Womb beause there is no passage besides the body purgeth the excrements by the usual veins monthly But in both when it comes from defect in the blood the women that conceive not are of an evil habit and ill-colored The Cure If a Woman conceive not The Cure of defect of Conception which hath no defect of the Venereal act or in her Husband we must diligently search out the cause thus If it come from want of seed which is most the mans fault then let them seldom engender and use things to encrease seed as we shewed If from the crudeness of seed or foulness we we must cause good blood and strengthen the vessels that breed seed If it come from a fault of the Yard of the man which hath a hole in the wrong place the Fistula must be cut or first opened otherwise and after united together and healed up that the seed may come the right way If this be from the birth it is incurable If Barrenness be caused from the Wombs defect as when it is hard or the orifice closed with a Tumor or hurt by Child-bearing the Cure is desperate in women otherwise sound which have either never conceived or have been hurt at the time of Travail as in those who never have their Courses In others who want Conception from Weakness Moistness Coldness or excrements abounding in the womb which have their Courses disorderly or are troubled with the Whites or other such like there may be Cure First let her be purged observing her constitution Remedies to procure Conception and the humor abounding and whether shee have her Courses duly or the whites Generally thus Take Catholicon one ounce Syrup of Roses solutive two ounces with Burrage and Mugwort water make a Potion Then open a Vein if shee be plethorick Then give this preparative Take Syrup of Mugwort and Maidenhair each one ounce and an half Burrage Mugwort and Nep water each one ounce with a little Cinnamon make a Julep give it three mornings Or this Decoction Take the opening roots steept in Wine each half an ounce Eryngus roots one ounce roots of Elicampane Valerian and Masterwort each half an ounce Mugwort Motherwort Nep Pennyroyal Germander Ladies-mantle Marjoram of each one handful both Buglosses roots and Leaves Succory Endive Fumitory each one handful Wall-flowers Broom and Rosemary Burrage and red Pease each a pugil Anise and Fennel seed each a dram Parsley seed Siler montane and wild Parsnep seed each a dram beat boyl and clarifie and sweeten them with Cinnamon and Sugar make an Apozem for three doses or four or five or make a Wine of the Infusion of them If we wil have it purge when the body is foul we add Liquorish two ounces Asarum roots two drams Pot-Mercury one handful Raisons twenty pair Senna and Polypody each one ounce and an half Carthamus seeds bruised six drams give them boyled as formerly with Wine and Water Then purge with this Potion Take Rhubarb four scruples Cinamon one scruple Infuse them in Wine and Endive-water strain and dissolve therein the solutive Electuary of Citrons and Diaphenicon two drams syrup of Roses solutive two ounces make a Potion If Pills be taken Take Pills of Cochiae Agregative and sine quibus each a scruple mix them with white Wine into Pills After purging give a dram of Triphera magna without Opium in the morning We also keep the body loose with ordinary Pills or Electuaries before bathing or use of outward medicines as Take Catholicon two ounces Diaphenicon one ounce Cassia newly drawn two ounces Pulp of Sebestens one ounce syrup of Roses solutive one ounce and an half mix them take it with Pease broath or Wine or in a Bolus Usual Pills are either the former Or. Take the Aromatick pill called Alephangina and that of Agarick each one dram and an
mild Feaver like a Diary only the spirits being inflamed with the Heart and then the heat and the accidents following are milder nor is the Urin changed much If the Plague strike a Sanguine or Plethorick person then it will be like a Synoch Feaver and the Spirits and Blood will be inflamed with the Heart in which there is greater heat and accidents as Head-ach redness of Face and the like that disturbe the Patient grievously If the Plague seize upon Cholerick persons then by reason of the heat of the Heart Spirits and Humors there is with other Symptoms of hear Vomiting Stools and other accidents from choller which are grievous Unclean bodies especially that have corrupt blood and subject to Feavers if they take the Plague then it is putrid continual and Malignant with great hear and other Symptoms and then are foul excretions by reason of corruption The reason why they who have the Plague are in more or less danger is in the strength as well as the poyson for strong persons oppose it more then weak And this is the reason why some have spots and others none for if nature be weak the poyson will lie at the Heart and no tokens thereof appear But if nature send it forth then it inflameth every part it toucheth and burns it red with pain and impression under the Arm-pits or Tumors under the Ears or Carbuncles which inflamed increase the Feaver And when nature disburdens her self by the pores of the Skin there are Spots and Pustles These are caused by the Poyson sent out by Nature And are not sent as markes or tokens as some call them of the Plague at its first entrance for though some appear at the first Nature doth cause it by expelling from the Heart that which so suddenly smore it except a Pustle come by touching of a dead body infected as I once had in my hand but when I felt the pulse of a man in a mortal sweat that died of the Plague and both I and my Chirurgion that was with me had a pustle in our Feet which suddenly vanished and though we were infected we had neither Feaver nor any other inconvenience And in the year 1634. I touched the pulse of a sweating man dying of the Plague and presently after I had black spots from my middle Finger and the outside of my Hand to my Wrist yet they presently went away after I had washed my Hands with Vinegar and Treacle And Bubo's come in the Plague somtimes not from the poyson sent to the Emunctuaries but from the heat and pain of some Carbuncle that is near as in other Inflamations Yet somtimes they come from both causes and there are divers in the same or divers places and these being inflamed and brought to suppuration joyn a new Feaver to the former I have by long observation found out these things having fix times been a practiser in the time of great plagues to the end of them and been constant to my patients and therefore I declare them for Favor of no man but for Love of the truth A fixed constant heat in the Heart and other parts Heat fixed in the Body is the cause of Hectickes not mutable or that called fire by the Greeks which comes and goes without change of temperament the parts that were hot returning to their former state as Fernelius shews may be in the ninth Chapter of his Book of temperaments But when the temperament and proportion of the Elements to use the words of Fernelius are turnd hotter and dryer so that the heat can scarse be removed or the temperament changed then Feavers will be continuing long and constant never to be cured Hence they are called Hecticks because they are in the habit of the body called in Greek ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã ãâã and cannot be easily removed as habit is not easily taken away And in regard the heat in them is not fiery as in other Feavers but a change of the temperament into more hot and dry as I shewed thefore they scarce feel the heat although all similar parts of the Body are changed and dryer and hotter to the touch and the Heart is perceived to beat quicker and harder This heat is not alwaies alike but when the body is more inflamed as after meat which they alwaies perceive or violent motion and other causes it is increased with the pulse and motion of the Heart Also the Consumption called Marasmus which follows these Feavers is not the melting of the body by violent heat by which means they say some pieces of the body come away by Urin but falsly for that is only from the foulness of the Reins and Bladder and otherwise in the most burning Feaver the parts cannot be so roasted and melted But this leanness comes from the temperament of the similary parts turned hotter and dryer by reason of the heat of the Heart And this is the reason why they are not rightly nourished but fall and pine away in a Consumption Another Feaver going before it is the cause of an Hectick because the heart cannot loose its temperament so much from any other cause then the heat of a violent Feaver which by its strength and continuance may at length change the Heart Hence it is that these Feavers come seldom from a simple and pure heat and Diary Feavers But if they end not in an exact time as they use to do and turn not into putride they turn into Hetticks But more usually they come from putrid Feavers alone or Malignant which last long especially when the Heart hath been long scorched and after quenched and then Distemper remain which causeth a long Hectick which consumeth the Body when the burning Fever is gone This is not that Fever which while the burning Fever remaineth so broyleth the Heart by its violent heat that the whole body is suddenly consumed which is called A melting Hectick Also Hecticks may be produced from long intermitting burning Fevers after the same manner And Fontanonus teacheth that they may come of continual Fevers when a semi-tertian abides long Also from other putrid Fevers though gentle if long and heat the Heart constantly may a gentle Hectick follow gentle and lingring putrid Fevers as in Cachecticks and Consumptions because the Cause is more neer the Heart Also they begin and are joyned with Putrid Continual Fevers which are known as we shewed by the accidents of the aforesaid Fevers stil continuing and a great or Consumption then was in Putrid fevers As when an Hectick is joyned with an acute Putrid Lingring or Intermitting This is caused by the disposition of the Heart if it be by nature too hot which grows sooner hot and dry by the fevers aforesaid And by a Heart that is tender and quickly receives other heat which destroies the Natural For this cause yong Children have often Hecticks not only after a long but a Diary fever The Cure The general Cure of all Fevers the Indication being taken from the
these Take Oyl of biter Almonds of Peach kernels Chamomil Melilot Dill alone or together When the pain is intollerable Take Oyl of Henbane seeds half a dram Castor half a scruple Saffron six grains Or Take a hollow Onyon and put into it Castor Euphorbium each half a scruple Opium six grains fil it with Oyl of bitter Almonds roasted in the Embers strain and use it Or Take a piece of a Snakes skin boyl it in Oyl of Worms add Sows or woodlice and strain it you may add a little Oyl of Scorpions Or Take juyce of Pellitory Horehound each an ounce Oyl of Bayes an ounce and an half Ox gall a scruple Hens grease a little boyl them til the Juyces are spent anoynt and drop into the Ear. A little Spunge dipt in Vinegar with a little Salt is good to be applied close to the Ears This Decoction or the Fume thereof is good for the Ear. Take Organ Pennyroyal Rue Baies each a handful Wormwood half a handful Chamomel Melilot and Dill flowers each a pugil Bay Elder or Ivy berries each an ounce Faenugreek seeds two drams Carua seeds a dram boyl them in Wine and Water Make Bags of these Driers Or thus Take Panicum a pugil Organ Marjoram each a handful Chamomel flowers a pugil Saffron half a dram pouder them for a Bag. Or Take roasted Onyons and Leeks each three ounces beat them add meal of Line seed and Foenugreek each half an ounce Peach kernels an ounce boyl in Milk and stamp them add Goose grease an ounce Oyl of Dill or Earth-worms or Butter two ounces Saffron a scruple They say it is good against pain to rub the Ear with Garlick because it draweth the matter outwards but the roots of Squils Sowbread Cuckow-pints or Dragons are stronger Some apply green Tobacco leaves to the Ears and then dry them and apply them again If an evil malignant quality as in a long Head-ach and French Pox produce pricking in the Ears with noise The Cure of pain in the Ear from malignity after long and strong evacuations by Sweat especially it ceaseth with the Disease and if any remain it is taken away by the Topicks mentioned in a cold cause and moist in the Cure Provocations Itchings and other pains of the Ears The Cure of pain of the Ears and Itching from Irritation or Provocation if they come from filth in them or that falls into them we shewed you how they may be removed in the hinderence of Hearing The violent hurts which cause a Wound The Cure of a pain of the Ear by a wound are cured as other puncturs and wounds First if Inflammation be feared let blood and repell it with things put into the Ears Then drop in things that asswage pain and stop the Flux after use Driers and Healers as we shewed in Ulcers CHAP. VI. Of Diseases or Griefs of the Nostrils The Kinds THe Kinds of Pains or Diseases in the Nostrils are divers There is an often Itching Itching or tickling in the Nose or Tickling Sneesing follows it somtimes and the Nose droppeth Somtimes it is Burning Burning in the Nose and the Nostrils are hot and red and inflamed with a tumor within or Inflammation that obstructeth the passage Somtimes there is a pain like an Ulcer and blood is blown out An ulcerous pain in the Nose or hard flegm Or Snot or stinking matter and there is a stink in the Nose which the people presently perceive more than the Patient in that called Ozaena And there is a deformity of the Nose therewith which spoileth the whol Face The Voyce is hoarse and as coming from a hollow place the Palate is eaten through with a great hole and the breathing is hindered as we have seen alwaies in the Elephantiasis often in the French Pox. The Causes The Grief of the Nostrils proceeds from a Disease which is either Irritation or Provocation or a hot distemper or solution of continuity The Nostrils being very sensible are easily provoked The Irritation of the Nostrils causeth itching and tickling hence comes tickling or itching and somtimes sneesing from the same Causes that we shewed sneezing proceed as externally from light and splender strong scents things put into the Nose that are sharp or intetnally from thin blood in the Vessels or from waterish and sharp blood with tears that come from the Head and twitch the Nostrils And Choler which is usually purged at the Ears may be brought to the Nose and cause the same A great heat may cause burning in the Nose A hot distemper and Inflammation of the Nostrils is the cause of burning pain to which is joyned somtimes a true Inflammation with tumor and obstruction as may happen from an outward hurt or internal when the cause is very pricking from whence the Nostrils are usually afflicted as in Coryza where the Nose is outwardly red and inflamed as woll as inwardly A Solution of continuity within or Excoriation Excoriation wound or ulcer is the cause of ulcerous pain in the Nose or Wound or Ulcer reacheth somtimes outwardly These may be from picking as with the Nayles or burning Errhines or Nose Medicines such as we use in Cure of Polypus Somtimes from a sharp defluxion that hath long passed that way the Nose is ulcerated inwardly and outwardly with the help of often blowing it There are in the spungy bones at the bottom of the Nose foul stubborne and long Ulcers somtimes such as corrode and creep on somtimes they pirce the thick runicle of the pallate and eat of the bridg of the Nose which causeth it to fal Often also the bones which are near the upper Jaw are consumed and leave a great space in the palate through which a stink hath passed that anoyed the whol room where we were And it is manifest that worms have been bred of this filth and come forth These may be from the causes mentioned Worms in the Nose as if the Nose be deeply hurt or the Ulcer neglected or the remedies come not to the part by reason of its moysture and cannot have operation These called Ozaenae come chiefly from the Flux of burning or malignant humors sent by nature to the part and there are perverse and cancerous Ulcers and tumors But because this is not only in this part but a malignant humor and quality in other places especially the Membranes as in the Elephantiasis and French Pox then they of the Nose grow together with other putrid and Malignant Ulcers which eate away the Nose and the bones and produce other accidents The Cure If the itch of the Nose come from provocation The Cure of itching of the Nose from provocation remove the cause whether internal or external and if it cease not qualifie it As we shewed in neesing which often followeth and shall be shewed in defluxions and in Coryza If the Nose be hot or inflamed then there is redness heat and tumor external The Cure
When those Bowels that lye upon the Diaphragma are inflamed for then Breath is hindered and there is a Cough and the stomach disturbed And when the Liver is inflamed Choler is vomited or there is a looseness or Jaundies and the Reins inflamed make the Urin sharp And if an Ulcer follow an Inflammation in these parts as appears by pissing of matter from the Kidneys and we see in Anatomies in the Liver and Spleen or if there be a hardness left from the Inflammation not well discussed there will be accidents that will follow accordingly A stroak or contusion or the like made outwardly upon the parts may be the cause of the Imflammation as also very hot things taken in may inflame the Liver and Spleen as well as the stomach which lyeth near them The chief Cause of Inflammation of the Liver is drinking much cold water in a great heat which makes a sudden repercussion And the Cause of the Inflammation of the Kidneys is the stone which seeks a passage forth and gets into the Vreters and causeth great pain and flux of blood This stone increaseth the Disease by being together with the Inflammation All these Causes of Inflammation kindle a symptomatical Feaver But when blood is hot in a Synoch Feaver without these Causes as we shewed in Feavers and sent upon any of the Bowels aforesaid it may cause these Inflammations which follow a Feaver as their cause And it may be also from plenty of blood when a Feaver goes not afore but follows after which blood breaks out of the Vessels and causeth an Inflammation If this Blood if it be in the Liver impure and not well purged from Choler causeth an erysipelated Phlegmon and the great Heat that comes from thence by which the Bowels seem to burn whence comes the burning Feaver called Typhodes And the same things happen if there be a true Erysipelas from pure Choler spread through the substance of the Liver from the Gall. And this may come also from the Causes mentioned that produce other Inflammations If the Liver or Spleen be obstructed by a Humor The obstruction of the Liver Spleen or Kidneys causeth a blunt and heavy pain in the Hypochondria so that they are more heavy there is a weight in the sides This is seldom from a Humor in the Kidneys but from a Stone or Gravel This heaviness increaseth as if a weight lay thereon if there be a hard Tumor Scirrhus or Oedema in the Liver or Spleen This may be in the Kidneys from the same tumors with great pain and heaviness The Causes of all these shall be mentioned in other great accidents We shall not speak of Wind which some will have to be a cause of pain in the Liver or Spleen because it cannot be in such quantity there as to cause it by stretching neither is the inside of those parts sensible neither do we see how it can be in the Kidneys From a Stone bred in the Liver or the Gall or from sand or gravel A stone and sand in the Liver or Gall is the cause of heavy and dull pain in the Hypochondria gathered and returned there is felt a Heaviness as from a Tumor This may be as I have seen in Anatomies and it hath been observed that much red Gravel like Blood hath been voided in a Disease of the Liver and by finding stones in the Livers of Beasts We may collect that the same may be in a man These hapning cause this pain and other Symptoms such as come from a stopped Liver as we shall shew we cannot affirm that Stones may breed in the Spleen but from that general rule that they may breed in any part of the Body because we never saw nor heard of any Stones of divers sorts The stone or sand in the kidneys is the cause of heaviness in the Hypochondria and gravel in the Kidneys and Vreters cause the Nephritick pain which is either a Heaviness only in the Reins gentle and dull when the Gravel lyeth still or the Stones sticks to the kidney but the pain is greater when much Gravel is gathered there or the Stones be great or many with pricking and cutting and numness in the Leg on that side from compression of the Nerves in the Loins or pissing of Blood from great motion which maketh the stone beat upon the substance of the Kidneys and somtimes of matter and some part of the stone These accidents are greater and longer when the stone is long detained and grows up in one place and especially when it grows so that it fills the Reins and swells them as we have seen great branched stones in Anatomies Or when the substance of the Kidneys is worn away and the stone is wrapt in the Membrane only as in a purse where the Kidney was Hence must needs be great pain and I opened a Woman that in her life time complained for many years of such a pain and often miscarried and found it so Also I opened a woman that after a mischance pined away and died in whom besides other accidents I found both Kidneys eaten away and full of matter and two great square stones in the right Kidney and two in the left one like a cross another like an almond with many other little ones This is usual for others have told me as much I saw also a stone in the outward Fat of the Kidney that grew to the tunicle which was great but caused no pain because it was hollow and light If the Stone get from the Kidneys into the Vreters A Stone and Gravel in the Vreters is the cause of Nephritis the pain is greater and hath the aforesaid Symptoms first Vomiting from the consent of the stomach and because flegm is vomited they suppose that the pain come from that but that came from the stomach because it could not so suddenly come from the Kidneys The Urin is then waterish and crude because the Choler is carried another way by vomiting and pain That pain which is from the Stone getting into the entrance of the Vreters when it returns to the Kidneys again ceaseth or is less but it increaseth when it descendeth through the narrow passages of the Vreters by stretching them and so it lasteth till it gets into the Bladder and then it ceaseth suddenly And this pain may come from Gravel that passeth slowly through the Vreters especially in the strait passages which have been so enlarged in some that I have opened that they have pissed Stones and Gravel without pain The Cause that breeds Gravel and Stones is Flegm according to the vulgar opinion which is so dry by the heat of the Kidneys that first it is Earth then a Stone But in regard Mudd or Slime is rather bred of dryed Flegm and it cannot be further hardned by any Art or Nature nor that that chalky matter which is found in the Joynts comes from Flegm as we shall shew in the Diseases of the Joynts or
if it come from it it cannot be earthy And if it came from Flegm Stones should rather breed in the Stomach and Brain and other places where it aboundeth than in the Kidneys to which that slimy Flegm they speak of scarce cometh or if it cometh it cannot stay long from these reasons and others we cannot be of their opinion VVe shall rather make an earthy substance to be the cause of this Earthiness which we have shewed may be in Humors distinct from Flegm as in the serum or whey by these arguments For as water flowing continually through the passages of the Earth and Channels and carrying a terrene or earthy Matter with it which it leaves upon dry places causeth Mudd and Sand and the rather when it is impure and full of clay or when it is Naturally salt nitrous or vitriol by which as we have observed in Spaw-waters they have caused stones in the Channels through which they have flowed In like manner the Serum receiving a salt Juyce and earthy Matter which is bred dayly of Salt in the first Concoction which a man alwayes useth and other earthy things as you may observe in Beasts which love salt so that they lick the walls as Goats in which when old many stones are found if the Serum have much thereof it sticketh to the dry and strait parts through which it passeth and affords matter for sand and stones Especially in those parts where the Serum separated from the Blood continually passeth through the Kidneys therefore there Sand is first bred These are red because they breed in the substance of the Kidneys and grow into the Stones if they continue long and there increase by addition of new matter or if they fall into the Bladder and stay there there they increase And the older they are the less red they are but paler and firmer And while the Serum is in the Blood it may do the same in divers parts fitted for it As was shewed concerning the Liver And if it be mixed with other Excrements it doth the same and the rather when it takes sharpness and dryness from the Choler Hence it is that so often we find Stones in the Gall of the colour of Gold or Silver from the yellow Choler And this is done in the Body by the Serum so when it falls out of the Body by tears it causeth Sand in the Eye-lidds As was shewed in the Diseases thereof Also in the Serum which is purged in the Bladder namely the Urin by which the stones that fall into the bladder are increased the same may be observed But it is more plain from Urine made in a Chamber-pot for if the same Chamber-pot be used long and not scoured there will be a sandy and gravely matter growing unto it and and if it continue yet unscoured it will turn to thick scales and stones And as this may be done in time from any Urine especially the saltest and sharpest so may it be done speedily by Art when the Urin is boyled Therefore the Chymists make Salt out of Piss and Lye that hath earthy matter From which as we shewed that Sand and Gravel may come so may they increase into stones from a salt sharp and sour Juyce mixed with the Earthyness which is in the Serum or urin which fastneth and sends them as the Stone-cutters use to make a hard Cement like Iron of Filings of Iron and Juyce of Vitriol and Vinegar this cannot be from Flegm as some say which cannot so glew together the earthy Bodies that they may make a stone Neither can the heat of the Reins which they make the efficient cause of the stone so dry the Flegm and burn it that it may be brought as it were to ashes in regard stones may breed in other cold membranous parts And that it should breed in certain places the straitness of the part to which the matter may fix longer and better and the dryness thereof where it may grow hard is required and ought to be the assisting Cause Therefore they who Naturally have dry reins as some Infants which have in the Cradle stones in the Kidneys with great pain and piss them forth as I have observed especially in one who had a white clear Stone before it was a year old which stuck in the Yard and stopt the Urin and at length came forth with much Urin after it and the falling of the horrid shining Tumor in the Belly Or they who have dry Reins from age or other causes are most subject to the Stone And if it come from the Parents it is hereditary and takes the children at the same years as it did the Parents Fernelius not explaining the quality calls this a sandie Constitution of the Kidneys Some pains in Hypochondria come from the Perinaeum or cawl which is spread under the Belly before or behind The stretching of the Perinaeum by wind is the cause of a pricking pain in the Hypochondria Oedema which some falsly call the pain of the spleen and is broadest under the Hypochondria sides and back And when that is extreamly stretched and drawn by the parts to whose Tuuicles it groweth it is as it were pull'd asunder and hence comes a pricking pain if it be in one part only or a tearing and cutting pain if the largest part of it be so stretched The cause of this is often wind which gets between the Cawle and the Muscles and stretcheth and causeth that pricking pain which they which use Exercise after meat are subject to in the same manner as there is a pricking pain in the Breast in a false Pleurisie from the Membrane or Tunicle succingent or which girdeth it The strong attraction of the Muscles of the Belly by strong motion presently after meat doth bring this especially by riding when fitting in the saddle they bear strongly upon the stirrups and by forcing with retention of breath constringe the Muscles of the Belly Even as we shewed in the Cramp how it might come from wind in other parts of the Body by the same kind of straining For which cause as in a windy Cramp the Muscles are lifted in the part pained and cause a swelling which somtimes appears to the Eye And if the sides be bound with a garter as we shewed in the Cramp and the Muscles drawn down by a contrary straining as was exactly shewed the pain ceaseth or abateth So here is a kind of windy Cramp and it may be referred to the Disease of the muscles and cawle pluckt asunder as we shewed This the vulgar calls the pain of the Spleen because it is more often in the left then right side which is by reason of the Stomach that lyeth on the left side and because more Wind is bred in the left side as in Hypochondriack Melancholy yet it comes somtimes on the right side These pricking or cutting pains which come from other Causes under the sides The stretching of the Cawle from the Vessels and Bowels
that are joyned to it causeth stretching or tearing pain in the Hypochondria when the Peritonaeum or Cawle is stretched are caused from the affliction of the Bowels as Liver or Spleen which are joyned to the Cawle or from the Vessels of the womb which grow to the Back and by the Cawle Hence it is that pains of the Womb reach thither or from the stretching of the Peritonaeum in a Tympany or in Women with Child there is a little pricking or by continuance a great pain as in the Hernia or Rupture The Causes of all these shall be laid down in other great accidents which befal The Stomach being on the left side under the Hypochondrion A Disease in the stomach causeth a Hypochondriack pain is pained about the lodge of the Heart before with a pain called Cardialgia on the left side especially in the Hypochondriack Melancholy when there is rumbling and burning As is shewed in Melancholy The pain of the Colon which is placed under the Stomach The Colick causeth the Hypochondriack pain from one side to the other is also in the Hypochondrion but stayes not but runs about the Belly As shall be shewed in the Colick The Cure We shall mention only here the Cure of those Diseases with pain in the Hypochondria The cure of heavy dul or stretching pain from the Liver Spleen Reins or Cawle For the Cure of the Diseases of the Liver Spleen Reins Cawle which we mention here only for the pain sake because the pain in them is dul shal be shewed in other Symptoms as Cachexy Jaundies Dropsie and the like by which they are more manifest then by the pain The cure of pains from the stomach Colon or Womb. Also if there be pain in the Hypochondria from the Stomach Womb or Colon reaching thither because the pains of the stomach are more in the region of the Heart and of the Colon and Womb more in the lower Belly where they lye we have shewed the Cure of that in Pains of the Heart and of those Pains in the Belly And here we shall only declare the Cure of the Pain where it chiefly shews it self in respect of its cause as it comes from the Inflammation of the Liver Spleen or Kidneys called Hepatitis Splenitis or Nephritis Or from the Peritonaeum or Cawle vulgarly called Spleneticus The Inflammations and Erysipelas of the Liver and Spleen The cure of the Inflammation of the Liver Spleen and Kidneys are dangerous and often deadly and if they imposthume and leave an Ulcer or be ill cured and a Hardness or Scirrhus follow they cause a Dropsie and incurable Diseases The Inflammations of the Kidneys are more easily cured they are worst when the Stone is there also If they leave an Ulcer it is also very stubborn as shall be shewed The Method in the cure of all these Inflammations is the same as in others that is while they are coming to divert the Blood another way from the part or by repelling and deriving it and to allay the Heat and Burning and to discuss the remainder or if that may not be to ripen it And if there be Hardness Scirrhus or Imposthume and after that is broken an Ulcer which may be both in Liver Spleen and Kidneys we shall shew what is then to be done in other Symptomes that come from thence Against Inflammation use the following Remedies Blood-letting diverts the Blood while it is flowing to the part another way especially in the Inflammation of the Liver or Kidneys which have great Branches from the hollow Vein And in the Phlegmon of the Spleen also it must not be neglected though it hath Veins only from the Gate Vein for reasons shewed in Inflammation of the Stomach Therefore in the Inflammation of all the the three parts except any thing prohibit open suddenly that Vein which most appeareth on the same side and bleed plentifully for Revulsion and if there be great Plethory or Fullness open the same Vein again or that in the Hand on the same side either against the Thumb or little or middle Finger according to Rhasis And in the Inflammation of the Kidneyes open the Vein in the Foot The Haemorrhoids being Branches of the Gate Vein if they be opened derive much from the Inflammation of the Spleen and revell from other Inflammations Cupping Glasses to the Hipps and Buttocks or that side do revell and derive in the Inflammation of the Reins The Ancients did use them the day after bleeding to the right Hypochondrion when the Liver was Inflamed after scarification and applyed them the next day again to the same place others used them only at the Declination to take away the residue without Scarification Also Ligatures and Frictions of the extream parts are good at the first as in other Inflammations to revell And Clysters before Bleeding and when the Body is bound as it useth to be in these Inflammations or Suppositories are good And Clysters because they reach into the Colon and come near to the part and cool are best at the first and are as altering Topicks such as are prescribed in Fevers A loosning Clyster that a little provoketh Take Mallows Roots and all Beets and for the Kidneys Pellitory of the wall each an handfull Violets Bran each a pugil Lineseed an ounce Anniseed a dram boyl and strain them dissolve Honey Butter and Oyl each an ounce and half Pulpe of sweet Prunes or Cassia an ounce with a little Salt make a Clyster A cooling Clyster Take the emollient Herbs and Roots Purslane Gourd leaves each an handful Violets Mallows and Chamomile flowers each a pugil Linseed six drams four great cold seeds an ounce Barley a pugil boyl and dissolve Honey of Violets halfe an ounce Cassia an ounce Oyl of Violets and Water-Lillies each an ounce and half If they cannot take Clysters give a Laxative take heed of Purgers for fear of more Flux and Inflammation Cassia therefore is not very safe But we give things that loosen without heat and pricking as Prunes and other loosning fruits and Spinach Mallows Violets boyled in Broaths Whey syrup of Violets and Roses and the like In the declination or after the fourth day when heat abates to take away the reliques when the Liver or Spleen are afflicted we give a gentle Purge because they can discharge themselves by the Meseraicks into the Guts And the rather when the Disease is in the hollow part of the Liver into which the Gate-vein branches it self and if Choler boyling in the Gall or sent out causeth an Erysipelas In these cases we may give Cassia or some gentle Purger Or this Decoction which cleanseth and openeth Take Liquorish two ounces Grass and Kneeholm roots each an ounce red Pease a pugil Senna an ounce Polypody an ounce and half Cordial-flowers a pugil Anise-seed three drams Fennel seed and Dodder each a dram boyl them strain and add syrup of Roses an ounce and half syrup of the two Roots an
there is a wandring pain with rumbling about the Navil The cause of this is Inflammation or wind when alone or with other Excrements it fils the smal Guts so that they are like puddings stretched and twisted as we have seen This can scarse be from wind alone except there be obstructions from the causes mentioned which hinder its passage whereby the Guts are filled and twisted Also the rowling or tying of the Guts especially the smal from over exercise or from a fall upon the Belly when the Stomach and Guts are full of Meat and Excrements if it be not carefully cured will cause a deadly Convolvulus as it did in a Cousin of mine who leaping over a Ditch fel with his Belly against the further banke and the second day after vomited his Excrements and dyed In whose Body I sound the smal Guts tied in knots and stretched with wind upwards but empty beneath when the Guts were put into their places the wind broak forth by great farts Another twisting may be from the failing of the smal Guts out the Cavity of the Peritoneum into the Cods in a Rupture when they stay long there and cannot be put up The same Symptoms follow only the pain is then in the Groyn where the Peritonaeum or Caule is broken As shall be shewed in Ruptures Great cold in the Guts causeth torments as in the Stomach Refrigeration of the Guts causeth pain Either from outward cold or from things taken in actually too cold for the Stomach and Guts joyning to it and colon that is adjacent Also Clysters too cold actually or potentionally may cause the same The same may come from cold wind that comes from cold drink or crudities which may cause pain by stretching also if they be many Also from a cold and crude humor from sharp meats or fruits Although flegm be counted the chief cause of pain yet it must be only that which is cold as that called Glassie flegm which being bred in the Guts is very cold pierceth and knaws other kinds of flegm can cause no great pain either with their quantity or quality Inflammation of the Ileon Inflammation of the Colon causeth the Colick or in the smal Guts causeth the Iliake pain in the Colick or streight Gut the Colick And there is a fixed inflamed stretching beating pain inwardly in the part with a Feaver and other accidents of Inflammation with Costiveness though when the thick Guts are afflicted The Inflammation of the thin Guts causeth Convolvulus there is a vain Needing If the smal Guts are inflamed and the tumor is great then by reason of their rowling together because nothing can pass the Excrements are vomited this is the usual cause of Convolvulus in which Tumor I have observed a little blewness And if the Inflammation Imposthume and break matter is voided The cause of this Inflammation is blood sent from the Meseraicks into the substance of the Guts by reason of its plenty or thinness or by reason of great pain or other hurt wound or bruise Besides the flegmon or Inflammaon of the Guts A burning from choler in the Guts causeth the Iliack passion there may be a burning in the smal Guts causing the Iliack rather then Colick though it be commonly so called which is violent long and hath bad Symptoms when the choler is not in the space within but in substance of the Guts as I know by long observation and certain signs And it infects them and corrodeth and burneth as we shewed might be in the stomach and have found upon dissection by a yellow spot after death both in the Stomach and Guts This is the cause that the choller staies so long and so fast and brings such lasting pains that return when they are abated and they are worse when the choller is worse and is so hot and so much that it causeth Erysipelas Hence come grievous accidents because the Guts are very sensible being Nervous and the other Nerves suffer therewith especially when the choler gets to the Back-bone and Marrow where the Guts grow to it by the Mesenterie as Fernelius saith he found it also Convulsions and Palsies that may come from Choler and evil Humors in the Guts obstructed From whence as we may gather that Choler is the cause so may we conclude it from other signs of choler in the Urin and the like And this Choler sticking fast to the Guts cannot so soon get down as that which is there from obstruction and causeth a loosness as it doth when it gets into the lower parts Therefore in this case and in the former from obstruction though it come from Choler the Body is not open as in other Diseases but bound This Choler somtimes coming from the Gall as it may offend the substance of the Stomach as I shewtd so it may also offend the neighbor Guts to which it is naturally carried It comes often from evil chyle or two much juyce and is mixed with the blood in the Meseraicks being not sufficiently purged in the Gall by reason of the great quantity and obstructions when it is carried with the blood to the Guts through the Meseraicks and Guts into the substance of them as an Erysipelas This being gathered and retained in the Meseraicks causeth divers diseases and especially feavers as we shewed and being sent by nature to the Guts except it be carried away by a Loosness or Diarrhaea through the mouths of the Vessels which is usual or by the bleeding of the Haemorrhoids causeth great pains by infecting of the Guts These pains are joyned with other Diseases when the Choler is in the Veins as Iliake passions and other Diseases of Choler and Feavers as I shewed in intermitting Feavers The Bladder lying in the lower part of the Belly before causeth pain there The cause of the pain of the Belly about the Bladder is from the Bladder especially when it is ful and stretched forth We shall speak of the Diseases of the Neck of the bladder elsewhere For they cause pain in pissing The Diseases that cause pain in the Bladder are either distention that is stretching or Inflammation of the same The Urin is the chief cause of stretching of the Bladder The cause of the destending pain of the Bladder is the stretching thereof which when it is in great quantity retained causeth a pain in the lower part of the Belly with a swelling and stoppage of Urin of which we speak in suppression of Urin. This cannot come from wind because it cannot get into the Bladder though it may be bred there by the crudity of Urin long retained and cause a greater stretching This Wind and Urin is seldom seperated for the frothing of Urin when it is rendered or made comes rather from the external Air then any internal wind This stretching cannot be from the stone because it cannot grow so big neither doth a stone cause pain in the Bladder till it gets into the Neck
flow upon the fleshy parts either inwardly or outwardly then it gets between the Muscles and nervous Membranes or between the Flesh and Skin and Glandles and causeth Heaviness when it is much or stretching or pricking when it is of evil Quality or a Tumor occult or manisest like an Oedema and if the pain be great and cause a Flux of Blood it causeth Inflammation which somtimes is known by heat and beating pain And if it be outward there is apparent Tumor and Redness These pains from Defluxions are usually in the Back and Neck and Face and Breast somtimes and Joynts as we shewed And when these parts have been used to Defluxions they are weaker and loofer and more apt to receive them If this Humor from within the Skull flows by the ways of the Nerves into the Joynts or from without under the skin as Fernelius saith it may then as it is about the Lips Shoulders Knees Arms Feet or Finger-joynts Back or Cheeks in one or more places it causeth divers kinds of Gouts In which they suppose the Joynt to be the part affected and some think the inward part chiefly because the pain is felt there or increased by motion But in regard the moving Joynt is compounded inwardly of two Bones which have no Periostium in that part but only a hard Gristle and there is no Nerve there and therefore they are all infensible the pain cannot be within Nor in the Joynt of the Thigh where there is an insensible Ligament Moreover in regard the Bones are so exactly joyned in the Joynts that there is no space between and outwardly are closed with Ligaments so that nothing can get in how can any humor get in to breed the Gout when there is no passage nor Vein Moreover the Ligaments without that bind the Joynt are infensible or if they have any feeling it is from the Periostium to which they grow and that is very little How then can there be so great pain in the Gout if it be there Neither can it be from the Tendons which have little or no feeling Besides the Tumor without which is at a distance from the Joynt and the pain which is remote shews that the pain is not in the Joynt Also the chalky Matter and the Nodes in the Gout are not alwayes found in the Joynts but in the parts adjacent And though they grow in the Joynt somtimes yet is not the pain therefore in the Joynts or in the insensible parts whereof they are made For they are from other Causes and cannot cause pain except it be by hurting the part adjacent nor other inconvenience but Deformity and Hindrance of Motion For no pain can be but from a sensible part which is not in the Joynts Therefore the Gout-pain is not from the Joynts but the parts adjacent as the Nerves Muscles and Membranes And the reason why the pain is so near the Joynt is the meeting of the Nerves there about where they are comprehended in a little room and bound about with Membranes and Ligaments and solded together to move the Joynt when in other places they are free and go straight along the Body Hence it is that when any matter falls into these narrow and crooked places it easily stays there and afflicts the Nerves causing pain Which pain if there be a Humor is fixed in the strait passages through which the Nerves run as in the Sciatica where the pain is above the Joynt almost in the Loins where the fourth Nerve goes to the Leg and is bent outwardly from the Cavity of the Hip while the Humor sixeth and when it removeth the pain removeth to the Knee to which the Nerve goes or to the Foot the pain is the same in the Shoulder And when the Matter is much the pain is in divers parts where it is fixed and in those narrow passages where the Nerves pass through the holes of the Bone as in the Back-bone where it easily stayes and causeth pain and chiefly where the net work of the Nerves goes from the Neck to the Arms and from the Loins to the Thighs The Disease that causeth this pain is either stretching from much Humor such as when it falls in a fleshy part differing only in that the humor in this flows to the Muscles next the Joynts and causeth not so great pain as when the Nerves are afflicted and there is an Oedema in in the part And if the humor be evil and infect the Nerves the pain will be worse and heat and redness will come from the Flux of Blood and lastly a Swelling as we shall shew in the Gout from a Flux of Blood Al these cease when the Excrements are consumed and return upon a new Defluxion And after many Defluxions some reliquies remain not discussed which if they be glutinous turn by degrees into Chalk And if they are earthy as serous humors use to be as I shewed in the Stone they turn to Stones This is chiefly in the Hands and FeetJoynts because the humor can fall no further The Disposition of the part receiving is a cause also why the humor goes hither or thither as when the passages of the Nerves and the places about the Joynts are too loose Or when there is haereditary Weakness in the Nerves or Brain or when there hath been a Disease or is a Defluxion constantly stretching the passages Hence it is that the humor though it be not in great plenty in these passages so stretched and made loose as it is usually when it causeth pain yet it easily goes thither And because it useth to go to the extremities by its thinness and the openness of the passages rather then stop by the way and not only loosen the place but separate the parts one from another Hence it is that the Podagra of Foot-gout and Chiragra or Hand-gout are more usual then the other Gouts And why after once they come again monthy and yearly and cannot be quite driven away And the Sciatica and other Gouts above though the Matter stop in them yet it is more seldom because the matter descends and the pain will not be so loosned as in the Hands and Feet except there be a continual Defluxion And a general Arthritis or running Gout is not so usual as the other kinds because the humor that causeth it must be a great quantity to go into almost all the Joynts And because the seldom coming thereof weakens the parts but little and also because as I shall shew it comes often from another Cause then a Defluxion from the Head When Blood in the Veins falls about the Joynts it begets a hot Gout with a Feaver and Inflammation and the like as it doth Distention and Heat in any other part This is from the abundance of it or when it is too hot and causeth a Synoch Feaver which usually presently follows the hot Gout and attends it And as an Erysipelas comes in a Synoch Feaver from the Blood sent to the
skin so doth the Gout from the same sent to the Joynts and they who are subject to the Gout are subject to a Synoch with Erysipelas And the Patient hopes somtimes it will be but an Erysipelas when he is subject to have both Also the Blood being made more impure and thin by excrementitious Whey may cause an Arthritis with a smaller Feaver And when the Gout is more general in many parts and comes oftner it is from Blood which easily goeth through the Body and not from a Defluxion from the Head which is seldom the cause but when it is in great quantity Although a particular Gout as the Feet and Hip may be often from blood with a Feaver In these Gouts from blood if it be very hot and inflame the Nerves the pain and burning is greater with redness and tumor except it lye low as in Sciatica and with an erysipelated Phelgmon But if the blood be waterish the tumor will be spread like an Oedema and the pain less and not very troublesom but because it is in divers parts The cause of the heat and foulness of the Blood is mentioned in Synochs as the use of stronge wine excessively which weakens the brain by astonishment and makes the blood increase grow hot and thin which is easily therefore inflamed to produce a Feaver by which a part of it is sent to the Joynts This is the cause and punishment of the Gout Hence it is the rich mans Disease who useth excess in wine and spiced meats that inflame the blood And somtimes the poor mans from other causes as is the Feaver with Erysipelas It comes to all by the Disposition of the Part through weakness and by loosness of the passages as we shewed in Arthritis from Defluxion especially if the Flux hath been often which causeth greater weakness Also Blood sent to other parts that are fleshy in Synochs as into the Emunctuaries of the Kernels there may cause pain with a Tumor and Feaver as we shewed in Feavers Or disturb by its plenty and thinness when it goes to any part of its own accord or by labor or pain An occult malignant Quality as appears by the effect being external An evil quality causeth the French Pox. causeth the pain about the Bones which is called the fourth sort of French Pox. This Quality comes from the Body of another infected whether totally or in part Therefore Whores infected though they walk abroad and have not great accidents may infect others And somtimes a Whore takes it and gives it to the next Customer and clears her self This Quality insecteth by touch especially of the naked tender Privities in Copulation and so it passeth from one Instrument of Generation to another and so to the whole Body Hence it is that it came from the Indies to us And it may come by insected Excrements other wayes as Sweat in Hankerchers or Shirts or from Spittle even as the poyson of venemous Breasts is communicated by biting therefore beware of Spoons and Cups wherein they drink and Kisses by which Nurses infect Children For in my Fathers time in our honest Family my Mother was infected with her Child that she gave suck to by that means through a Harlot that was infected and her servant And my Father with the help of a Chyrurgion cured them both by ordinary means It may come also from the touching of mattery Clouts And a Midwise of sixty years old in Paris delivering a woman that had a venereal Ulcer had an Ulcer in her Hand by which means she infected many honest Women when she touched their Privities as Lewisa Burgesia the famous Midwife to the Queen of France recorded in her Book Few Bodies are thus infected but Infants and very tender People often touched Nor can it come by breath for then more would be infected although many to smoother their unlawful Lechery pretend it This Quality is in a Vapor or Humor and goes from the Body to Body and infects the Part it first toucheth and seldom stayes there but goes like poyson through the body especially into the membranous parts and if it be outwards it is like an Elephantiasis and causeth loss of Hair Pustles and Ulcers As that shall be shewed in diseases of the Skin from the Pox. If it be deep in the solid parts then it gets into the Periostium and Membranes and causeth pain about the Bones especially when there is no Flesh and where many Membranes and Nerves meet in the Heart Breast Skins and the like These pains are increased with heat and produce Nodes after the Periostium is eaten away as we shewed in Cephalaea from congestion of humors And few other inconveniences but no great change in the Spirits and Humors nor doth any thing appear of that Nature in the Urin Excrements and Hurt of the Functions except accidents do arise from great pain and long continuance or violent medicines which we must rather study to cure then the Pox. There is also inwardly a secret Malignity An evil malignant quality causeth external malignant Head ach which being an enemy to some parts causeth pain in the Habit of the Body like this such as we shewed might come from the Pox taken from without or a Head-ach external without the Pox when besides the distemper causeth pain there is also Malignity by which it lasteth longer And some pains of the Joynts that come from Defluxion A malignant Quality causeth a malignant gout when the Humor is malignant may produce somthing malignant and unknown formerly in divers Diseases which is often and lasting and hath its proper accidents and can scarce be cured And we may very well conceive that the pain in the Cramp A malignant quality is the cause of the runing pain in the Cramp which runeth through the Body comes from a perverse quality that is offensive to the Nerves by the wonderful and strange accidents it produceth for a long time by the Nerves through the whole Body to the extremity of them where the pain is greatest A malignant quality is the cause of pain in depraved Touching And those Diseases which are called Colds and Heats come from Malignity as appears by their prodigious Symptoms The Cure When accidents are joyned with pains in the Habit of the Body The Cure of pains in the Habit of the Body when other accidents are greater and are greater we shewed the Cure thereof to be in the accidents that are most urgent As when pain comes from Distention and from too much motion it becomes a stretching pain with Laziness or a violent with the Cramp The Cure of one is shewed in the Cramp and of the other in Laziness And if the pain increase from too much motion and a Flux of blood be joyned you must use the same Cure And if the pain be chiefly in the Back from inward Diseases it must be cured as the Symptom of these Diseases If Wind cause stretching pain cure
especially being spungy and placed by the divisions of the great veins Hence comes the pain and hot tumor in Bubo and Parotis behind the Ear and Inflammation and suppuration in Phygethlon or Panus as we shewed These differ as the blood is pure or impure thin or thick crude simple or mixed with other crude humor or waterish from whence come Phyma or with pernitious and infectious humors from whence comes the Pestilent and Pocky Bubo If Blood flow into other parts Flux of blood into other parts causeth Tumor and inflammaoions in them as into the breasts or stones into which it easily floweth by reason of the plenty of Veins or into the spungy parts as the Privities Fundament and Mouth or into parts that have gristles as the Nose and Ears or into the joynts it causeth hot tumors and Inflammations in them which differ as the blood is pure or impure and as the parts are more tender nervous and sensible The efficient cause of blood thus flowing into the superficial parts is the expulsive faculty when it is troubled with it either offending in quantity or quality The helping cause is the disposition of the blood being apt to flow and the readiness of the parts to receive it These causes whether one or more come from these following As Plethory or abundance of blood which is burthensome to nature and therefore sent by her both to inward and to outward parts Sometimes it flows of it self and somtimes from some light cause Therefore young people that grow have swollen or waxing kernels from abundance of blood and by handling they break into Buboes Or when the blood is too hot or thin it is apt to flow and being much it stirs up the expulsive faculty to send it forth and then it causeth Erysipelas or divers Inflammations according to its nature So in a Synoch Fevers Erysipelas as comes from hot blood sent from the Veins into the skin Also another humor or quality offensive to nature may provoke her to send out blood while she expels the humor and thence tumors may be So when the cause of the disease is sent from the Veins with the blood in the Crisis of a Fever there is a tumor in the declination of the disease And when the Pestilent quality is sent to the Emunctuaries with the blood in a Pestilent Fever there is a Bubo Pestilent and when the poyson of the Pox is sent to the Groyn there is a Venereal Bubo as we shewed Pain causeth Tumors and Inflammation not by attraction Pain is the cause of divers Tumors and Inflammations as it is usually thought but by stirring up nature to expel the cause by which means the blood floweth this is in the outward parts when they are pressed strook or bâuised by which is pain Or if pain come from any disease and if the Inflammation be increased a new by the pain if there be Impostume Pustle Wound burn Ulcer or Inflammation therewith or with any other disease causing this pain Also Pustles inflamed from scratching come from pain which follows though at the first it seems pleasant Also it often comes to pass that not only the part pained swelleth but the adjacent parts if they be apt to receive Defluxions as the Kernels in the Groins Arm-pits and behind the Ears when there is any pain from the Causes or Diseases montioned And a troublesom Scab in these parts hath commonly a Bubo accompanying it And the pestilential Bubo comes as I shewed not so much from the Plague as from the burning and pain of the Carbuncle near it Also these Pains are longer and worse when the blood easily and constantly flows thither and the part is continually pained As when there are swell'd Leggs in a Dropsie if the skin be open there is a constant Flux of water which by its corruption through long abiding in the Body is pernicious and corroding And also of blood being thin which causeth the perverse and ulcerated Erysipelas which so easily gangraenes When outward heat doth long or much afflict the skin External Heat causeth Erysipelas or Phlegmon and their kinds it doth not only make it thin but inflames it and the blood near to it and makes it flow causing Erysipelas or Inflammations especially in tender and sanguine Constitutions and such as are subject thereto As when they sit too long by the sire and burn their Shins or inflame themselves by long suning As I did by riding in a hot day when I was young my Boots were so hot that they made my Leggs burn and look red two dayes after This I have had often and it came at first with red Spots which turned first blew after yellow and then vanished They may also come from hot water and after bathing as the pustles called in high Dutch Eyssen when in the time of the Bodies being hot they use cold water which causeth a sudden repercussion so that the Blood flies back suddenly and returns with pain Also other moderate heat may cause Itch and that scratching and so pustles Also Inflammation of particular parts may cause them as of the Roots of the Nails Then they are called Paronychiae as when Maids by washing their Hands in foul hot water often do cause their Nails to be crooked and the Roots inflamed Also other excrementitious and preternatural Humors thrown to the skin Flux of Humors causeth pustles and there fixed cause pustles as blood dispersed into divers parts and these may grow greater and turn into Ulcers small or great or corroding or venemous as the quality is Humors that have an occult quality that is malignant produce a little swelling or pustle according to their Venom A venemous Humor so infecteth the parts A pernicious and venemous quality causeth the Cancer that somtimes at first there is a little Tumor which only causeth a little pricking but is most dangerous in that it will not away because while it is nourished with the other parts of the Body it makes the Nourishment like unto it self and converts it into Venom and so increaseth by degrees and grows broader and deeper and at length becomes a Cancer consisting of a fleshy substance full of Veins with no Inflammation or Tumor but Blood in the Veins which itcheth and pricketh which shews its malignity by its constant increase till there is an Ulcer and then it goes no further but with its Claws that come from the Body it creeps on we know the whole to be malignant because if it be not taken out by the Root it cannot be cured and the least portion remaining will grow again It is a hard thing to know whence this Matter and Poyson first comes or to describe the Nature of it but by the effect But that it came by Touch and Infection because the Elephantiasis whose Cause is the same with that of the Cancer and therefore is called the general Cancer comes from Contagion but the Cancer is worst because the Humors are
water of mans Dung. An Oyl to eat away Fistulaes Take Antimony two ounces Sublimate an ounce Honey four ounces distill an Oyl by a retort Orpiment alone thus prepared cures all Fistulaes Take yellow Orpiment an ounce calcined Tartar two ounces powder and calcine them in a crucible twenty four hours powder it upon a Tile and boyl them in water till it is evaporated there will be a white Chalk in the bottome which is Orpiment prepared the pouder of it doth cure Fistulaes to a miracle This white Orpiment so prepared and put into a Glass and set in a moist Cellar turns to an oyly Liquor which put into Fistulaes is excellent An Hellebore root put into a Fistula takes away the Tunicle We put a dried Spunge tyed or waxed into Fistulaes or a root of Gentian or Birthwort as a Tent to enlarge the Orfice rather then to clense and the stretching makes the Callus thinner and sooner come of If you burn a Fistula with an actuall or potentiall Cautery there wil be an Eschar and that falling off the Tunicle is gone If after this quick flesh appears in a Fistula it must be cured as other Ulcers by Incarnatives injected and then by Cicatrizers They say that Fistulaes are cured by Drinks mentioned in Ulcers but they mean hollow Ulcers not yet covered with a tunicle for when there is a skin grown in a Fistula they cannot send their vertue so far as to eat off except at the first while it is warm or work upon the Fistula when the skin is off Paracelsus commends this Drink against fistulated Ulcers Take Sowbread two handfuls Sanicle a handful Sophia Chirurgorum half a handful boyl them in Wine to the strained Liquor cold add Oyl of Cloves distilled an ounce and an half give it thrice a day shaking it first that the Oyl of Cloves may be in evey draught three or four ounces at a time A Callus Ulcer with hard Lips must be mollified and clensed The cure of a Callus âlcer This Cataplasm doth both made of Dock and Comfrey roots boyled in Water bruised after and mixed with Butter Or use a plaster of Ammoniacum with strong Vinegar Or this Oyntment Take Gum Ammoniack Bdollium or Galbanum dissolved in strong Vinegar two ounces Turpentine half an ounce dissolve it with Oyl of Roses add two drams of Verdigreese and three drams of Allum Or use other strong Clensers or Eaters mentioned if the Callus be hard Dioscorides saith that Spurge boyled in Honey or pieces of Sphondilium laid upon the Callus take it away Cut with a Knife or Lancet and it will more easily heal An excrescent Ulcer is when the flesh which fil'd the Ulcer grows out for want of soon making a Scar or Skin The Cure of an excrescent Vlcer hanging forth and deforming this must be made even By taking away Plethory if that be the cause by spare Diet and bleeding and using of medicines outward that cause a scar as soon as the flesh riseth these by drying cause a skin and hinder flesh from growing but if the flesh is grown out you must not use them left it cause deformity because they wil not consume it but then use stronger Dtiers and Clensers or things that take away flesh called Cathereticks such as we mentioned for Fistulaes and these are good in Fistulaes Pouders are carried in Borax pipes for the same as pouder of black Hellebore and Hermodacts of Birthwort Galls Ashes of Date stones Wooll Spunge Salt Fish Smaris and Sea-Hedghog Purple shels and Shails burnt Or sprinkle small cut Hemp thereon Or the yellow pouder of dregs remaining after the distillation of Honey Or pouder of Borax Or of Pumice Stone Okar Aetius Stone Diphryges Or of Allum Chalcitis burnt or not mixed with other weaker As Take Allum burnt three drams with Pomegranate flowers and Bole as much Or Take Vitriol half an ounce Allum two drams Pomegranate peels and Galls each two drams Myrrh Birthwort burnt each a dram make Troches for your use Or you may add burnt Tartar to other pouders A Corrosive pouder Take Vitriol four ounces Allum and Verdigreese each half an ounce Vinegar six ounces calcine them in a luted Vessel Or make it of red Arsnick Allum and Galls boyled in Vinegar strained and pour upon as much quick Lime dry the Lime with the residence of the Decoction till it may be poudered Or make quick Lime into Troches with Honey and then burn them To make Precipitate or Sublimate to consume flesh without great pain Take one part of Quick-silver two parts of Aqua fortis let it be stir'd in a great Alembick with a great Receiver and hot Fire under till the Water is gone and the Alembick broken leave that which is white and yellow and take it in the neck of a Glass pouder it and seâ it upon the fire till all the fume be gone The Troches mentioned in Cauteries to open Imposthumes and many things that burn the skin are good here And Troches of Vigo made of crums of Bread Sublimate red Lead and Rose water Aegyptiacum is the best Oyntment to take away flesh Or this Take Hermodacts or Agarick black Hellebore burnt Spunge and Pumice stone each two drams burnt Brass and Allum each a dram and an half Verdigreese and Chalcitis each a dram with Honey and Oyl of Tartar an ounce make an Oyntment Or thus Take Antimony and filings of Iron each two ounces Allum Sal Armaeniack Sulphur vive and Chalcanthum each an ounce and an half Verdigreese and Orpiment and Quick-silver each an ounce strong Vinegar and Lye of Barbars with Lime each two ounces calcine them in a Potters vessel and keep the Pouder close stopt in a Glass Anacardine Honey anoynted doth the same Or Oyl of Sulphur Tartar Vitriol with Liquor or upon a Plaster If nothing wil help cut or burn away the flesh My Caustick doth it wel and quickly We have mentioned compound Ulcers with tumors and Pustles we shal speak now of such tumors as do presently follow both Wounds and Ulcers when the tumor is red as Phlegmonous erysipelated and Oedamatous Ulcers Phlegmonous or erysipelated Ulcers or Wounds which are so from flux of Blood caused by pain or the like The Cure of phlegmonous and erysipelated Vlcers must be so ordered that blood be first revelled as we shewed in a Phlegmon Then use repelling Defensatsives about the Ulcers and after Digesters as in a Phlegmon The Driers that are put into Wounds or Ulcers must first cool also as in the Repellers in Phlegmon such as have Litharge Cadmia Ceruss Or thus against Inflammation and Ulcer Take Juice of Dogstongue Plantane Willow Night shade or Housleeke four ounces Juice of Pomegranates an ounce Vinegar half an ounce Oyl of roses or Myrrtles three ounces Ceruse half an ounce Lead burnt and washt two drams Camphire half a dram with Turpentine make an oyntment You may use dryers onely when the Inflammation is gone The black Cerot of Vigo
Arteries about the Throat and sides of the Neck beating of the Heart and Faintness especially in the Feet and first there is a pricking pain at the Heart of which they complain much This Disease though it be incident to all yet is it most common to Virgins especially at that time when their termes should begin and it begings then and continues after many Months and sometimes years while the Terms are stopped or if they who have their terms have also this Disease they are stopped Also a lingring Feaver as we said in Feavers is joyned herewith sometimes other Diseases come upon it as of the Stomake Liver Spleen and the Urine except changed by some other Disease accompanying it is white waterish and crude And if it last long the Body will grow bigger and a Leucophlegmatia will follow as shall be declared There is another kind of Cachexy which with Palness of Body and other accidents mentioned An evill Habit is the beginning of a Dropsie hath swelling of Feet which if it continue long the belly also swells and is extended and this goes before the Dropsie Ascites and is the beginning thereof as shall be shewed in the Dropsie There is a third Kind in which the Palness of the Body is not simple Evill Nourishment or Cachochymia is a kind of Cachexy but inclines to an evill Colour as yellow green black yet is not full coloured in the Jaundies it sheweth it self with a pressing Pain at the Heart and beating of the Arteries and other Symptoms as before This they call Cacochymia or evill Nourishment from the cause This is turned into a Jaundies or some kind of Dropsie One of these Kinds is when there are not only uncomely Colours and other Symptomes Cachexy with a Dropsie or want of Nourishment but the Habit of body rather decreaseth than increaseth and the Body groweth lean and thin and therefore it is called evill habited if this continue long and the body consume it is turned to an Atrophy which is so called from the Cause as shall be shewed in the Diseases of the Body diminished The Jaundies is a Discolouration in which the skin is dyed of another Colour Jaundies this Name comes from the Bird Icterus by the look of which this Disease was thought to be cured it is otherwise called Arcuatus because the Colour of the Rain bow is in the Eyes Arcuatus and the kingly Disease either because it is usually with great Men by reason of their Intermperance or because it was cured with Meade which was in time past the Kingly Drink This Disease is divers according to the diversity of Colours sometimes it is yellow and called the yellow Jauâdies by the Germans Geibsucht sometimes it is more Saffron like and full coloured sometimes it shines and then it is called Aurigo from the colour of Gold some time it is greenish Aurigo sometimes black which prevails over the yellow and then it is called the black Jaundies These colours appear first in the Eyes then in the Face sometimes they are over most parts of the Body or over all sometimes the Urine is of the same Colour and they seem sometimes Saffron colour'd somtimes black so that they will discolour a linnen cloath in the mean time their Excrements which ought to be coloured are white or ash coloured and therefore do not provoke the Patient to void them This Disease sometimes begins of its self and the colour first grows bright or shining with pressing pain about the Heart this commonly goes before the Jaundies and is its forerunner and this Paine before any Yellowness appears is called in Dutch Selbsucht because it follows so easily sometimes worse diseases accompany the Jaundies with their accidents or follow as a Dropsie sometimes the Jaundies follows sa Feaver and other diseases as the Colick as it hath been declared Redness is a Discolouration very sudden in those that are angry Redness or shamfac'd or blush it âon inues longer in those that are hot or have hot Diseases especially Feavers and this Redness appears most in the Face Pâleness is a Discolouration in which the skin looseth its flourishing Colour Paleness and becomes less coloured then is beseeming This is usuall in those that are very cold or sorrowfull and greived and it comes quickly to those that are affrighted and to those that faint or swone in whom the Image of Death is seen till they come to themselves Sometimes a constant Paleness is the fore-runner of a Disease and often the Companion of Diseases and continueth some time after recovery which Paleness appears in the whol body but cheifly in the Face and in those places which formerly were most red as in the Lipps and Cheeks there is Blewness also Paleness will be in the Nayls and Yard when it needs not or cannot blush or be red Blackness is a Discolouration in which the skin appears black The Blackness of Moors and it is either perfect such as some have been at their birth as the Aethiopians or it is when the skin is not white but tawny which they call black which although Naturall to some yet because uncomely in their Eyes Tawny Skin which esteem that nearest colour to white the best they count it a Discoloration and Labour to cure it Hitherto may be referred the evill Colour of a wrinkled skin in old Age for that which comes from a Disease and Leanness continueth not long A particular Discolouration is only in some parts of the Skin by reason of spots or defilements They which are from externall Causes make Impression of a strange colour or are superficiall As that blackness which is from the Sun burning in the Face and Hands and Breast in those places where they are used to be naked There is also an evill Colour from filth in unclean Persons which sticks to the skin and spoils the colour Some are dyed in the skin by externall Colours and Paints The colouring of the Skin this is usual with them that trade in such Commodities and those that touch them Hence the skin is sometimes black red yellow green c. which sometimes suddenly vanish othertimes stay longer and are more fixed and cannot easily be washed out in regard of the Cause which we shall all at large declare The skin is discoulored with divers spots which sometimes are distinguished only by their colour sometimes by their bigness and bunching forth some come with and some without Diseases They which arise of themselves without a Disease accompanying them are originall spots as Freckles Pimples Fleabites Erysipelas or Anthonyes fire blood spots Gutta Rosacea Ring-worms Morphew black and Blewness Originall Spots are such as we bring into the World as Moles Originall spots as Moles these are called Signs and Marks and are divers and are of divers Colours and Shapes as like Strawberries or Cherries some are depressed broad or little and are manifest only by the Colour and
its flourishing colour And if the loss of blood were great the body would rather grow less then swell Also other Evacuations by which the Spirits are consumed do the same among which too much Venery in Man especially The Distemper of the parts and Vessels ordained for sanguification may produce a Cachexy either simple or mixed with Leucophlegmacy or the Dropsie Ascites by causing the weakness which we mentioned to continue and by hindering the Actions of the parts The first is a cold Distemper which chiefly hinders the Functions and proceeds by over much and long use of cold things from external cold to which the Body hath been exposed from which the constitution is known to be such and in regard there is no Thrist and the body appears colder with all signes of a cold cause But although the hot Distemper of these parts especially of the Liver doth not at the first nor by long continuance produce this cachexy or evil Habit Paleness or swarthy colour but it appears rather in a fresh colour as we see in the faces of Drunkards and brings no great hurt as yet but only a constant Thirst by which this hot and dry Distemper of the Bowels is discerned yet in continuance of time in some sooner some later by weakning the bowels and making them unfit for action the Sanguisication being so hindered the body is thereby discoloured and of evil Habit which is a cachexy And this is turned into a Dropsie which appears first by swelling of the Feat and shortness of Breath after by other signs because by continual heat the bowels grow hard dry and cloven as we shewed in the Dropsie Ascites whose causes are chiefly constant use of hot Wines and Meats or hot Diseases The stoppage of the Liver especially of the porta and hollow Veins may be the cause of a Cachexy or cacochymy because it gives occasion to the production of evil and cholerick Humors especially which we declared in the causes of Feavers to be mixed with the blood in the meseraick Veins by reason the exact separation of them from the blood by the second concoction is hindered if impure blood be sent into the body there is rather a foul then a white colour and it is brown swart green or yellow yet not so yellow as when the Pores that conveigh the choler are obstructed and the choler is not separated from the blood as we shall shew in the causes of the Jaundies by which means the Urine in that is not so watery as in a cachexy but it is somewhat high coloured But if this chollerick filthiness retained by the same Obstruction and sent back into the Meseraiks be not much dispersed through the body there is rather a strange Paleness then a colour in the cachexy also the Urine is more crude and waterish and by reason of the plenty of choler in the Meseraiks there is a loosness rather than binding of the Belly and the Excrements will seem rather chollerick then white contrary to the Jaundies And if from the Obstruction mentioned there follow a weakness of the Liver as it may be from thence or other causes then because the working of the Blood is less there wil be a cachexy of crude blood in which crude Juyce nourishing the Body makes it swell But if the Obstruction be so great that by reason thereof the distribution of the blood whether crude or concocted cannot be made into the hollow Vein or such foul blood is produced that it cannot sufficiently nourish the Body it will decrease as we shall shew how an Atrophy comes either when the distribution of Blood is hindered by a great Obstruction or when the blood is unfit for to nourish The cause of this Obstruction in the Liver is either thick or vicid Chyle made of the like the food when it is fastned to the passages and grows more condensed and stops the parts or as some say crude chyle by reason of heat raised through violent motion or baths used after Meat which gets too soon into the Veins and is there retained til it stop them And this may come also from dryed and burnt Blood as we have observed by looking into the Liver of beasts which hath produced such Obstructions by being hindered and burnt into the ashes in the Vessels The same Observations in Man and Beast have taught us that Obstructions of the Liver may come from a serous or watery Humor For we have found in them that formerly by urine have voided Gravel the same red Gravel to be in the Vessels of the Liver sometimes turned to a brittle stone which being dispersed through the Vessels are like white Coral or Ice-sickles And these came from the Earthiness of the Serum which fixeth it self in the small passages as we have shewed in the Treatise of the Stone in the Kidneys It is generally concluded that these Obstructions come chiefly from Flegm which if it be not bred as other Excrements in the Liver of crude chyle and blood and there laid up it comes from the Stomach and Gutts where it is usually abounding being brought thither by the meseraik Veins with the chylus and there continuing it causeth these Obstructions and the sooner if it be slimy or thin and waterish which will more easily get into the Mouths of the Meseraiks if by long continuance in the Veins it grows thick by the heat of the Liver and so become viscous or slimy Also an a Obstruction in the Spleen may cause a Cachexy and such âs is cacochymical which declares it self by a filthy colour in which if the evil Juyce get into the Arteries there will be beating of Heart and Arteries and the reason is because when the Spleen is stopt Sanguification is hindered and evil Humors are heaped up in the branches of the Spleen and gate Vein which may from the left side thereof go to the right and so into the Liver and then be distributed with the Blood A crude or cacochymical Cachexy as from other Obstructions so it may rise from the Hardness of these parts or Scirrhus which grows in the substance thereof or other hard Tumor which turns to an Imposthume for then the passages are either partly or totally stopped And this turnes to the Dropsie Ascites if from the Distemper or Hardness the parts be not only stopped but left open And because it is usual so we shall shew the causes of the dropsie Ascites more at large hereafter And in an Atrophy how it cometh as also those hard Tumors of the Liver and Spleen what are the causes of them and in what manner they are how they come either from too much drowth of the Bowels or too thick Juyce which nourisheth them They write that besides these Tumors the spleen may swell from wind but I perceive not how wind can be there to blow it up when it is not hollow It may be when the wind is gathered into the left side and stretcheth either the stomach which is
most on the left side is swolen with wind or the colon which reacheth to that part and this they think to be in the spleen The nourishing Juyce being communicated to divers parts causeth divers spots as it insinuates either into the Pores of the skin or some division When the Juyce which should nourish the Hair The Juyce which nourisheth the hair being dispersed into the Pores is the cause of spots or freckles comes to the Pores of the skin where they grow it produceth these spots which are like Lentils viz. Freckles called Lentigines for being like them in colour it spreads about the Pores it produceth spots dark coloured or like the Hair This spreading of the Juyce in the Pores comes from the Heat too much attracting it and dilating the Pores if then the juyce which nourish the Hair is not only fastned to the Roots of it but spread further and there staies to produce spots browner or lighter according to the colour of the hair And these appear most in a white skin especially in those Men that have red hair on their Head Eye-brows Face Breast and especially Hands because these are openest to the Heat of the Sun And these depart not while the weather is warm The too much openess of the Pores may cause this also by which means the Juyce doth not only nourish the hair but infect that part of the skin which is about them which is hardly taken off by reason of the continual coming of the same Juyce to nourish the part and being juyce that is so fit for Nourishment it will neither be suppurated nor corrupted This openess of the Pores being most where the skin is tender is the cause that Freakles grow there and are most conspicuous and we see that they are more in the back of the Hands then in the Palm Also the spots may grow from the abundant Juyce which is sent to nourish those Hairs which are plucked up by the Roots of those parts which are most often washed or rubbed as Face and Hands If the Juyce be evil which nourisheth the hair and goes into the Pores then it produceth the Morphew Juyce nourishing the hair if evil it gets into the Pores causeth Morphew when brought to the Pores it is unfit to nourish or produce hair but spreads it self upon the skin as we shewed concerning sreakles So this juyce as it is qualified produceth sometimes white sometimes blackisn Morphew which causeth the hair there to fall for want of Nourishment and if they grow again there are imperfect from the fault of the Juyce thin and like down and otherwise coloured then formerly and the skin being corrupt and insensible thereby sends forth being pricked not blood but matter and these break forth sometimes in one place sometimes another wheresoever Nature sends this juyce to the Pores And this evil Juyce by the depraved assimulation of the part where these spots are by which assimulation that Blood which is brought thither for Nourishment is changed not into convenient Juyce but into evil juyce like the part corrupted of which it is nourished as in the Elephantiasis which we shewed to be large in many places of the skin but this is in a narrow space and fewer places And as in that by a peculiar Insection of the skin other diseases come so do these spots come from others yet not so different from that of an Elephantiasis because Morphew often foreruns an Elephantiasis A certain venemous force is cause of this depraved assimilation as of an Elephantiasis either like it or unlike it coming from the seed or lying hid in the Blood and other Humors or by Contagion of the body for by no other means can either Flegm or Melancholy which they say produceth these spots cause them by their qualities nor can they be produced of crude Blood as some say for in a Cachexy which comes from thence there is no such spots and if they should come from thence as the whol Body grows great with crude blood so would it be all over spotted Choller being high coloured Choller sent to the superficies of the Body is the cause of Jaundies if it be sent to the superflcies of the Body it wil stain it and cause the Jaundies And it appears more the whiter the place is as in the white of the Eye and a clear Skin as in the Palms of the Hands and under the Nayles This is not done by that Natural choller which is in the Veins and is the thinner part of the blood and is not yellow but red but by that which is called Excrementitial which being in the Mesoraiks is separated from thence into its proper bladder and it is yellow or is preternatural and is green or black This kind of choller if it be carried from the meseraik Veins by the Serum which is the Vehiculum of all Humors and therewith carried with the blood into the hollow Vein and from thence by the benefit of the same Serum carried with the blood by the Veins to the exterior parts of the body and be there spread upon the skin and other Membranes as the Tunicle of the Eye not by points as when it produceth spots and Pustles but all abroad then insinuating it self gives it a colour not being mixed with Serum or Whey doth it burne as it doth when it breeds Pustles of it self onely it causeth sometimes itching in places very sensible also part of this choller carried with the serous part to the Reins and so to the bladder makes the Urine of the same colour and thick There are divers causes why when this choller is carried from the Meseraiks to the branches of the hollow vein and thence is fixed in the skin and outward parts that it is not dispersed by sweat The chief causes are Segregation and Excretion The Segregation of choller in the Meseraik Veins when it is done in the Liver and from thence by the gate Veins carried to the branches of the chollerick Pore and the Bladder adjoyning if it be hindered by any Disease of the Liver or cannot be perfected by reason of the great quantity being retained in the branches of the gate Vein at length as we said it breakes into the branches of the Vena cava or hollow Vein This comes often from the Obstruction of the passages of the Choller in the Liver for then although it be separated from the Blood in the Veins of the Liver yet by reason of the Obstruction of the Pores it cannot be refined in the Gall and therefore being sent with the Serum and Blood into the hollow Vein and distributed though the whol body it gives it a tincture of its own colour This Obstruction we have declared to come from the causes of other Obstructions in other Vessels which cause a Cachexy from Chylus Blood Whey or Flegm if these while the choller doth distribute it self into the Pores go in with it and being there detained grow thick or turn
Blackness to go about to cure it is to make a black More white according to the Proverb Blackmores which is impossible There is another vulgar Swarthyness Ordinary Swarthiness the Cure of it when the skin is darkish and dusty Naturally is nothing set by of them who think true Beauty doth not consist in whiteness and therefore they think a Man is not discoulored thereby and will not require cure But such as love to be neat and think themselves less fair and acceptable to others thereby desire to mend it if they cannot cure it When the skin is black by wrinkles that shadow it and make it dark when the wrinkles are not confirmed as when they come from an external cause or Disease that hath made the skin loose when the causes are removed they will cease and the skin will be stretched and its wrinkles and return to its former Complexion but if the skin be dryed and straightned especially by Age as in old people though they seem impossible to be taken away and the Physitian that permiseth to do it seems to be mad as the Poet saith He 's worthy of a filthy aged Quean That wrinkles from her body taketh clean Yet for the taking away if not diminishing of the same there are Remedies which old Men desiring to seem yong do much affect These are done by a two sold Art Medicines by the beautifying Art by one called comptorian Art which is for Neatness making an artificial white but instable and fading over the black which is Natural so deceiving the Spectators Fucus and this is called a Fucus the other is called the cosmetick art and doth not add another colour nor deceives Medicines made by the Cosmetick Art but only amends this dull colour of the skin making it more neat bright and constant in colour taking away or mending the wrinkles and correcting the dark complexion Afterwards that there may be more Beauty with red colour applyed to certain parts called then Fuci by the comptorian Art they make the Body of better colour We shall shew how this is done by Remedies that whiten clense take away wrinkles and make red The white Medicines called Fucuses with which women that affect to be beautiful and which would be unseemly in Men do paint their Face Hands and other places that are naked and seen are made of white stuff and that is chosen for the most part which is cleansing and digesting or such things are mixed therewith for so they make fair not only by whiting which is but of smal continuance and little Ornament but maketh a new colour in the skin by sucking continually forth that Moisture which makes it black and it attenuateth the skin by clensing and so makes it more clear and neat And therefore when the skin is thicker and harder then usual sosteners are mixed not only to procure a decent colour but to mollifie the Hands and Face which is commendable for which cause that the Face may alwaies shine which is accounted comely they add some fat things These paints being thus made in form of a Liquor white as Milk or of an Unguent must be applyed and suffered to dry on And if they be discoloured by their thickness which women of the honest sort do fear exceedingly before they go forth do usually wash with some comely decoction which is no paint as shall be declared so gently that some of the white still remain with and that when the paint seems to be quite gone will restore it and it will continue long and therefore they wash often after it before they go forth into view The matter of these is taken from divers white things as follow of Ceruss which being very white and sticks well by reason of its fineness and Fatness is proper if first it be poudered and seifted washed often and dryed or boiled in water till it may be made into Troches one whereof being taken in the palm of the Hand with a little convenient Liquor will serve to paint the Face Of the white Dragon Roots there are made Troches as the former like Ceruss and white Starch called Gersa which besides the whiteness it makes doth cleanse very much and it is made of the Juyce of Dragon Roots dryed gently by the fire or Sun and so brought into Balls or Troches Or take the Roots aforesaid and after they are cleansed beat them and then with warm water or other convenient Liquor dissolve it and strain it and so let it stand till there be a white cream at the bottom from which pour of the water at the top and pour on fresh which after a little time you must also pour off from the residence at the bottom as before and this being three or four times done let that which remains be dryed and made up for your use into smal Troches The common way of preparing this Gersa is of the dryed Roots of Dragons which being first peeled from their external black coat must be beaten into pouder and then dissolved in water and gently dryed again and then again poudered and washed after this manner three or four times and made into Balls or Troches and kept for use The same way may be made as well of the great Aron or Cookow pintle Roots in defect of the other as white and as forcible or of both together Of the white Brittle root of the wild Cowcumber you may also make the same You may make other forms of Dragon Roots and Ceruss thus Take of Dragon Gersa prepared as before one ounce of Ceruss prepared of Borax two drams and if you please of Camphire half a dram with the Infusion of Gum Traganth made in Rose water make Troches for your use you may mix some things that are in Unguantum Citrinum therewith Sometimes you may mix prepared Ceruss and Dragons with Oyl of sweet Almonds or de Been and a little white if you please to make it into an Oyntment Of sublimate Mercury there are excellent washes made which cleanse and make white which are divers waies prepared least they should exulcerate mixing things which work the same effect more gently and least any part of it should touch the Teeth and make them black as is usual she must keep water in her Mouth while she useth it A water like Milk is made thereof which is more plain and profitable thus Take of finely poudered Sublimate half an ounce two or three whites of Eggs well beaten of the Emulsion of white Poppy seeds made of one pound of the seed and ten pints of water stir them very well in a stone Mortar first putting in the whites of an Egg by degrees then the Emulsion as is sufficient which is known by a Pin or put therein for when it is not discoloured after some continuance there it is right but if it be then pour on more Emulsion To this we add two ounces of Borax or of Sugar Candy Another white wash is thus
The hardness of the Liver or Spleen makes a distention of the Hypochondria or side there is distention of the Ribbs rather then a tumor when the short Ribbs are thrust out by a Scirrhus or hard tumor of the Liver or Spleen In the middle seat called that of the Heart where the Ribbs divide these tumors mentioned if in the Liver in regard it reacheth so far on the right side may be felt otherwise we can neither feel nor see them except by other Diseases that accompany them in the Description whereof we have mentioned these Tumors these are a stretching and heavy pain about the Hypochondria or short Ribbs the compressive pain of the Heart the Jaundies Cachexy Dropsie which if they swel the whole Belly hinder distinction In the lowest part of the Belly under the Navel The hardness of the Womb causeth a tumor in the lower part of the belly there is sometimes a hard Tumor that comes from a Scirrhus in the bottom of the Womb of which we spake in the Inflammation of the womb from whence it comes The tumors of the Belly which cause pain have been spoken of by us concerning Pain as that which is above the Navel between the Ribbs and comes from the Inflation of the Stomach and other in other parts of the belly comming from the distension of the Guts as that of the Colick when there is a Swelling on the left side against the Navel as we shewed in the Colick and pains of the Stomach Somtimes a tumor like a Scirrhus is in some fleshy part of the Body yet not so hard but growing old it turns to an Imposthume not that which causeth pain and follows Inflammations but which is without pain and continueth long and is open sending not forth Pus or quittour but other matter which if like Tallow is called Steatoma if like Frumenty Steatoma Athcroma Melliceris what they are Atheroma if like Honey Meliceris There are also other tumors out of which come matter like curdled milk or like a Glandule or a Nail a Bone or Hair or like other things without the Body as like Clay a sandy stone or hard stone like a coale the shells of fruit pieces of wood which the People think came in by witchcraft these tumors and imposthumes have no proper and peculiar Names and all of them as they may be in many places so somtimes under the Tongue like that Tumor called Rana a Frog but without pain from which being turned into an Imposthume The Rana under the Tongue with Inflammation as from that which is with Inflammation of which we spake in pains of the Mouth somtimes a stone hath come forth These tumors usually rise in the Head where the skin is hairy especially such as have soft Matter as in other Creatures which are all hairy These from their divers forms are called Testudo and Talpa Testudo and Talpa tumors in the Head Ganglion that is a Snail or a Mole Outwardly in the Habit of the Body where flesh is wanting there are tumors in divers parts both in and out of the Joynts there where the Bones have nothing but skin to cover them In the Joynts where the Tendons Ligaments and Nerves do meet about the Knee Elbow or other Joynts there riseth a tumor sometimes called a Gangleon which tumor growing in these parts being uneven sometimes larger somtimes over the whole Joynt is not so hard yet will not yeeld neither is it without sense but being strongly pressed is sensible of pain neither is it so fastned but it may be moved hindering the free motion of the Joynt and sometimes knitting the Joynt that it neither can move or if it do the motion is in perfect and if it be in the Knee on either side or in the Hand where this Ganglion doth often grow covering all the Joynt the Patient can neither stand nor go well or without a staff because his Feet will not reach the Ground There are other tumors of the Joynts called Nodes or Knots The Knots upon the Joynts of men in the Gout which continue a long time in the Fingers and Toes from whence the hand Gout and foot Gout are called Nodi some of which are hard like stones other soft and these spread beyond the Joynt somtimes and are in other parts as we shewed in the Joynt Gout and how they bring pain and hinder motion There are also very hard tumors upon the Bones Hard Knots upon the Bones which cannot be moved from them as if there were a new Bone grown to the former These the Germans call Vberbian that is bone upon bone being they are as hard as the bone These grow about the Fore-head Temples and Shinns in the Wrist and small of the Leg and the like These although without pain yet if they press upon the parts adjacent cause pain and trouble if they are in the Joynts they hinder Motion And these are either such as grow of themselves or accompany a Disease The Nodes in the French Pox and Head-ach as the French Pox Head-ach In which through pain they breed and of which we spake formerly To these a Callus may be referred The Collosity or Hardness such as comes after Bones are broken and set again which buncheth out above the bone and if it reach to the Joynts it hinders Motion There is also a hard Swelling upon the Nails The hard Swellings of the Nails by which they grow thick as we shewed in Magnitude increased and also uneven and are like young Nails as I have seen There are also hard tumors in the skin called cutaneous The first kind whereof is a hard and thick skin called Callus and Tilloma Somtimes larger somtimes less spread abroad less or more or lifted up blacker then the other skin because thicker being without sense or pain This is often in the Palm of the Hands and soles of the Feet and between the Fingers and Toes and is exceeding hard I knew a Smith whose Hands were so hard that he could touch hot Iron and hold it some time without harm to his Hands by reason of the Callus There is also another Callus which is like a skin upon the skin called a Scar A Scar. insensible and whiter then the other skin and more firm without Pores or Hairs somtimes bigger somtimes less somtimes above the true skin somtimes lying deep somtimes like a white Spot These come after wounds and ulcers cured To these may be added the unevenness of Face which is left after the small Pox Pock-holes with pits like a Honey-comb by reason of the Scars that lie low these are not Extuberances or Risings or even with the skin as others yet are fit here to be mentioned Also that hole of the Navel lest after the closing thereof at the Birth The Navel pit if it lie too deep by reason of the Callus by which it grew together lying
too deep is here to be mentioned And also the Swelling of the Navel not that which is in dropsie and ruptures The stretching forth of the Navel but that which comes from an increase of the Callus There is a little tumor called a Wart Warts as big as a Pease above the skin hard without sense and narrow about the Root by which as a stalk it grows to the skin And if it hang far out it is called Acrochordon or a Wart that hangs by a sinew so called Acrochordon rather because it may be tyed with a string or corde then because it hangs like a corde If this be discoloured like Tyme or the Herb Thyme and uneven it is called Thymium These are in divers parts often in the Hands and Feet and many together yet at some distance and and somtimes united Thymium These being unseemly and the worse in the Face from whence Cicero had his Name because his Wart there was as big as a Pease called Cicer do also molest somtimes and hinder A fixed Wart is called Verruca sessilis Verruca sesstlis because it sits fast and comes less forth then the other like a Lupine having a broad Root fast to the skin otherwise like the former only when it is hard thrust upon it feels a pricking In this oftentimes especially in the Face groweth a hair or two Like to these is a corn in the Feet or Toes called Clavus Clavus both because it hath a head like a Nail and also because being pressed it pricks like a Nail It is very troublesom and hinders going the Germans cal it Egerstenany because it is like a Magpyes Eye There are besides tumors in the Head especially called Vari or Jonthi Vari or Jonthi warts in the Face so called They are hard and callous moist at the top and in the Face somtimes and Beard and then called Psydracia There are other hard tumors in the Eye-brows like Warts one whereof grows upon the Eye-lid Hordeolum because like a Barley corn without sense itching or red Another grows to the upper Eye-brow and is hard called Grando because like a Hail-stone Grando That tumor which comes and goes is called Cele which word is applyed to other tumors called Ruptures from the Cause it is in Groins often both of Men and Women It is at first small of the Colour with the other flesh somtimes soft somtimes hard and uneven being pressed it goes back and returns and may be thrust forth by straining and holding the Breath this is called Epiplocele when the Cawle is broken and Bubonocele from its likeness to a Bubo or Bubo herniosus or Hernia inguinalis that is a Rupture in the Groyne If it come from the Guts falling down it is called Enterocele though this tumor doth not rest in the Groyne but falls into the Codds of Men the Colour of the skin not being altered somtimes wrinkled This tumor if it be pressed or the party laid upon his Back vanisheth and after returns again and the sooner if it be forced by holding the Breath and straining Women have somtimes the same in the Groyne as Men have in the Codd and it will fall downwards into a great Tumor and it will go and come again as that of Men. There are the like also in the Belly and other parts The Hernia or Rupture of the belly or Omphalocele and especially about the Navel which is called Omphalocele when the Navel sticks out somtimes as big as a nut somtimes as an Apple and sometimes there is a Tumor in the part that hangs down like a bagg all these tumors go in by pressing and lying down but they will return except they be prevented In these Tumors mentioned sometimes there is no pain nor impediment besides the tumor somtimes there is great pain at the beginning especially in the Groyne when it falls from thence into the Codd then there is a tearing and pricking pain They are commonly bound in the belly that have them and if the tumors be long out they will vomit up their Dung as we shewed in the Convolvulus speaking of Vomiting To these tumors that come and goe may be referred those that come from the windy Cramp in the Calves of the Leggs and other fleshy parts with great pain rising and falling again of which we spake in Convulsions The Causes The immediate Causes of all Extuberances or general Swellings are from the Humors Seed Milk or Blood or Water or Wine either single or mixed the Cause of some tumors is the Dislocation of some part as we shall shew As the Seed is the Cause of Deformity The Parents seed is the Cause of fleshy Tumors Strumaes Scrophulaes hereditarywarts and Discolouration that comes Naturally as we shewed before so is it the cause of divers Tumors which are hereditary as Sarcomata or fleshy tumors Tubercula or Pustles soft or hard and chiefly of Strumas or Scrophulas which are kernels hardned in the neck These we rather suppose to have come from the Parents then from evil diet Also those Glandules of kernels which are in divers parts of the Body and end in cancerous Ulcers come often from the Parents Seed and it appears in that where these are frequent in divers Countryes they will never marry til they know certainly that neither party is infected therewith And as all small tumors may come from the Parents so may Warts and Moles like Pease such as Tully had in his Nose and thence he was called Cicero and this is from the Infection of Parents Seed as we shewed concerning Deformities As when the Seed is perfect there is a Child Imperfect Seed is the Cause of the Tumor of the belly called Mola so when it is imperfect there is a Mole or the like and this will grow and swell the Belly preternaturally This defect in the Seed is hard to be discovered but if there be a production of flesh with Vessels or with Membranes the fault is in the Man except there be also a Distemper in the Womb. And seeing there is a Navel-vein this ill shaped Lump must increase and the Mother must find it Nourishment by her Courses and she must have Milk in her Breasts as when she is with Child It is not probable that a Mole should come from other Causes as only the Mothers Seed or Terms or from the Blood that nourisheth the Womb because nothing can be gotten without the commixion of both Seeds neither can it be from the terms which though they may nourish yet can they not be get either Child or Mole and if that blood which nourisheth the womb produce any thing it must be a Sarcoma or fleshy tumor which grows to the womb rather then a Mole which is loose and only hangs by Veins as we shewed in the Causes of Sarcoma That no Mole comes from wind is manifest for if wind be inclosed in the womb it will rather
puff it up and we have shewed that the womb cannot be so blown up in the pains of the womb That nourishing Juyce which is made of Blood dispersed into the parts The Juyce that nourisheth the parts of the body is the Cause of some kinds of Tumors and resembling them and doth nourish them as when it is good and laudable by nourishing the substance it keeps it in a good temper so when it offends in quantity or quality it produceth general or particular tumors accordingly and that two wayes either by producing another substance in the part or by increasing the part This Juyce that nourisheth the parts produceth divers tumors by getting as it were new and superfluous substance in the parts which grows in them or to them And this is when it offends more in quantity and then besides its nourishing of the parts it produceth somthing superfluous not unlike the part softer and harder or when the Juyce is too thick for the Nourishment of the part then it produceth a harder tumor the reason whereof shall be declared The juyce that nourishes the fleshy parts produceth fleshy Tumors either by the plenty or by the thickness thereof The Juyce which sweateth out of the flesh The nourishing Juyce sweating through the flesh is the cause of âarcomata or fleshy tumors and proud flesh in the Nose Gums and elsewhere for want of tunicles by which it is confined and by which the Mouths or the Veins that bring are stopped if it grow to the flesh it produceth Sarcomata or fleshy tumors as in Ulcers full of flesh and not skin'd over there is an excrescence by reason of the abundance of Juyce or if the skin of the Nostrils be eaten off with Ulcers there wil be a Polypus and if the Gums be seen there will be Epulis Fleshy tumors called Sarcomata are produced inwardly when the tunicles of fleshy parts are divided and the Juyce is diffused out of them as from a Contusion by which the Mouths or the Veins are a little opened though there follow no other hurt or Ulcer yet there wil somtimes arise little tumors from a Contusion of the Spermatick vessels in the cod when the juyce being out of the vessels causeth somtimes a sarcocele or fleshy rupture The more plenty of Juyce there is the sooner is a Sarcoma produced And this is occasioned by Plethory or attraction of Blood to some part friction though the part be not hurt or by uneasie sitting or riding may cause a Sarcocele the Blood being continually attracted to the part also from moderate Venery the Vessels being dilated there will be a flux of Blood And if the part be disposed to receive it as being loose it is caused sooner Hence it is that the Gums grow so rank and the little Caruncle in the corner of the Eye especially when the Gums chew much and the Eye is rubbed for itching Somtimes harder tumors then Sarcomata come from thick Juyce Thick Juyce it the Cause of Scirrhus Atheroma and Steatoma and Meliceris simple or Compound as that called Scirrhus daily growing harder and fixed hence are they many in the Belly if not glandulous And other hard Tumors which are not so fixed but at length turne to Imposthumes in which the Matter is divers according to the diversity of the Cause yet will they not break as those comming of blood or suppurate but as we shewed turn into a solid substance joyned to the flesh or it turns to a Humor included in its proper compass and goes away by Maturation And this thickness of nourishing Juyce that produceth these tumors comes either from the blood or from the Juyce And so a Scirrhus may come of an Inflammation not because the blood grows hard for want of Suppuration as some think or by the Application of cold things for then it would rather putrifie and corrupt but because the blood being discussed by a violent Heat the Juyce of the part inflamed is made thick and hard besides this Cause which is thickness of Juyce there is another which is when the Nourishment of some other part which requires that which is thick is carried to a fleshy part And this is prooved in that in Imposthumes comming of those Tumors you shall find somthing like the substance of other parts a hair or a Nail or like a Bone or a Kernel which could not be but from the Juyce which nourisheth the parts as when it resembles fat you may suppose that some Juyce that was to have nourished the fat parts miscarried thither or when it is like Furmenty or Honey it shews that the fleshy juyce is not turned into Matter as in hot Imposthumes but into a more thick Humor and if it be more burnt and grow more earthy it will resemble coates and stones If these be included in their proper Membrane and that be included in membranous Juyce they will grow alike as hath been said which as they may be from a Tumor turned into an Imposthume so that the juyce which belongs to another part which is more hard may cause a Schirrhus And if it turns to a Cancer there was some Venom in the juyce And we think these more probable Causes then Flegm or Melancholly which most affirm for if a tumor should arise of them it would not be so constant but subject to Corruption as we shall shew in other Tumors which they suppose to come from those Humors Also the internal Tumors which are hard The nourishing Juyce being too thick causeth hardness or Scirrhus of the Liver Spleen Womb. and in the Liver and Spleen and Scirrhus which you may see or feel under the Ribbs and that in the womb as we said of the external parts come from Inflamation aforegoing or thick juyce as we shewed in the cause of Ascites Cachexy and Jaundies comming from these tumors and Scirrhus and in the Inflammation of the womb we mentioned the Scirrhus thereof which groweth somtimes as the womb being small grows larger after Conception In Kernels the nourishing juyce being mixed with other Humors The thickness of nourishing Juyce is the cause of glanduls under the Ears bubos Strumas and Scrophulas or by its plenty or thickness being alone produceth Hardness and Tumors some whereof turn to Impostumes and ulcerate as Parotides and Bubones being hard or such as are turned into a cold tumor and Strumas in the Neck which commonly continue hard and Scrofulas which turn into a Scirrhus or malignant Ulcer The cause of this abundance and thickness of Juyce is the same with that of a Scirrhus and other hard tumor which being thicker nourish Glanduls rather then fleshy parts makes them sooner swell and harden or if it be taken from other parts it causeth hardness where it should not be and if the Matter be included in a Membrane or Coat it is of the same Juyce We deny not but Flegm and other humors may be mixed therewith but we
cannot affirm that Flegm or Melancholly alone can produce these tumors But if Rheum flow from the Head or Blood come to the part there may be a Swelling but not a Hardness and if it be mixed with this Juyce we say it causeth the tumor sooner to imposthumate But if water be mixed with thick juyce while this grow thicker and the earthy part of the water dryer it may produce stones as we shewed in the knots of the Gout and in the stones which we said we found in tumors behind the Ears And if any malignant Humor be mixed the Kernels will be worse and easily ulcerate as Scrophulas which are in many parts of the Body In which if the Matter be corroding the ulcers are called Nomodea if malignant Cacoethea and if there be Venom they are Cancers The Original of evil Humors is the same with that of malignant Ulcers whereof we spake Wherefore some people are swollen in their Necks with Strumas in those places especially where they drink Snow-water as the Inhabitants of the Alpes And this is not likely because it is in some places only of that Country as in the lower parts of Valesia But it is rather to be imputed to the natural disposition of mens Bodies in those parts which is the cause that they are so common there Parents Seed being so infected rather than water drinking as we shewed in the cause of the Seed When the thick Juyce nourishing the Tendons Nerves Membranes The Juyce that nourisheth the Membranes is the cause of a Gangleon and Ligaments aboundeth it begets a hard tumor in the fleshless parts of the Joynts called a Ganglion when it is glewed to these parts that are exercised and produceth a like substance especially in the Joynts as in the Ham by reason of the violent motion of the Knee And it may come at the curing of a Wound in any other part when the juyce aboundeth And it cannot be from Flegm Excrementitious as they call it being it is such a Nervous firm and solid substance no more then a Callus or a Node or a Broncocele or Tumor in the Throat which they say comes from Flegm This is of divers kinds and comes from divers Causes as we shewed in the windy Cause When the nourishing Juyce aboundeth in the skin The Juyce which nourisheth the skin is the Cause of a hard skin it causeth the hardness called Callus as when by labour it is worn although not quite taken off yet somwhat alwaies is taken away and it is made thin and then the nourishing juyce being drawn thither more by the chafing of the part dorh require and make new skin till there comes a Callus as in the Hands and Feet Mechanick men have sooner hard Hands from the Instruments they use which causeth Blisters at first by separating the scarfe skin from the true and attracteth the nourishing Humor which joyns to the skin and makes it hard The Juyce that nourisheth the skin gleweth together the Division which is made by a Wound or Ulcer The Juyce that nourisheth the skin is the cause of a Scar. and fills up the place and makes a Callus instead of a true skin called a Scar which differs from the skin because it is insensible and more hard not porous nor hairy And it is larger or less as the wound was And if the Juyce abound it grows higher then the skin if not even And if the Ulcer were hollow and have a Scar to heal it up before it be filled with flesh it is like a pit in one or in many places as in the small Pox. As it is in the Navel if the hole thereof which sent out a Cord in the Womb which is taken away after Birth grow sound and skin over below there will be a pit but if it grow up there will be a Callus even with the skin or if it grow too high the Navel will be thrust out If that Juyce which is ordained to nourish harder parts get into the Pores Nourishing juyce in the Pores is the cause of Warts and Cornes and makes Warts and Cornes which Juyce may come from that which nourisheth the skin for as it causeth there Hardness âallus and Scars so getting into the Pores it may take root and grow forth as a Wart which hangeth down or is fixed and as a Corn in the Feet where being pressed with going while it grows can go no farther and there is pain by the compression when the flesh underneath is pricked The largness of the Pores is the cause of this when they should be so straight that they should receive nothing but vapors for sweat This comes in divers places especially in the Feet where the skin is much pressed in one place and so the Poâes made more large which causeth a Corn which hath a hard skin for the same cause And Warts come in the Hands from external Injuries and hard tumors in the Eye-brows called Hordeola and Grandines from the rubbing of the Eyes The like may be from the Juyce which nourisheth the Hair if it be too thick the Pores and this Juyce may cause a Hair in the Wart make it grow longer it is not likely that any such should come from Flegm which may resemble the substance of the parts of the Body where they are much less can so small a thing as causeth a Corn or Wart come from a Defluxion Neither could they come from Flegm if they were Infectious as Rondoletius thinks in regard the juyce may have malignity as we shall shew And if they were hereditary they rather come from the Seed then any preternaâural Humor From this thick Juyce which is for nourishing other parts when it gets into the Pores The nourishing Juyce in the Pores is the cause of Freckles there arise hard Pustles called Freckles or Pimples as Warts which when in the Head or Beard are called Psydracia For the skin being thicker and harder there is nourished with thicker Juyce which coming into the Pores in great quantity causeth Pimples and if it be spread in the Face it causeth the same there by Reason of the Loosness of the part These are fixed if they come only from this juyce but if any Excrementitious Humor or Matter be mixed then the Pustles will run and turn to little ulcers Aso in the Bones the juyce that nourisheth them causeth Nodes The juyce that nourisheth the Bones is the cause of Nodes and Callus which as it happens also in the Flesh being laid bare so here in the Bone when the Periostium or skin thereon is eaten away and the juyce of the Bones which the skin useth to confine within its self to the Bone growing forth causeth Nodes like to the Bones And as these may come by external violence as in Horses Feet so in Men also and by other Causes sometimes which are malignant as the French Pox as we shall declare when we treat of that
disease Also this juyce may produce a tumor for when the Bones are broken which wil cause abundance of juyce there will a Callus grow to glew them together and it will grow out from the Bone and be like a Node In the Roots of the Nails there is Juyce which giveth them Nourishment The Juyce which nourisheth the Nails being too thick or too much causeth the callosity of the Nails and if it be too much in quantity it doth not onely make them too thick which is unseemly but if it be thick withall it causeth uneven Swellings Now the cause of this abundant juyce among the rest is this when it is drawn thither by a violent Exercise of the Hands or by hurt as we shewed And if this juyce be too thick or be mixed with the Juyce that belongs to the Bones adjacent it makes the Nails to be too hard and thick And if it be mixed with other juyce which is evil it procures other inconveniences besides hardness as shall be shewed The Juyce which nourisheth the Body Crude juyce nourishing the body is the cause of Leucophlegmacy causeth enlargment by encreasing the substance thereof and if it be crude and unconcocted which long nourisheth the body instead of that which is concocted it makes the body soft and faint and swollen and is the cause of Leucophlegmacy so called because it is made of waterish juyce or flegm which is water congealed And the Cause which breeds this crude juyce is the same with that of a Cachexy which comes from the same juyce as we shewed when we told you that it came from crude Blood which produceth such Juyce And that it came either from the Foot or from some Distemper of the Bowels as the Stomach which leaves the Chylus imperfect in the first Concoction or from the weakness of the Liver and Spleen from Distemper or other Diseases as Obstruction and Hardness by which meanes the blood is not sufficiently wrought in the second Concoction Hence is this evil juyce so plentiful in the Veins which nourishing the Habit of the Body first breeds a Cachexy which useth to go before a Leucophlegmacy and produceth it certainly if the matter increase And we have shewed how the serous or watery Humor mixed with the crude produceth the same Crude juyce gathered in some parts causeth the Tumor Oedema The crude nourishing juyce either alone or mixed with water is the cause of the tumor called Oedema which is spread abroad and in which the substance of the parts where it is seems rather to be enlarged soft and swollen then filled with Excrementitious Flegm which they say is the Cause and therefore is harder to be cured Also when Water is mixed with the juyce it produceth tumors that are more soft and watery which we call serous Oedema's these are especially in the Thighs which make them look like a Dropsie We have shewed the Causes of these last in the Treatise of the serous Humor but for the cause of those which come only of crude juyce somtimes it is the same with that of a Cachexy and Leucophlegmacy if it come to the part through the weakness thereof somtimes only the evil constitution of the part by which it doth not so perfectly turn the blood brought thither into its self but leaves it crude and imperfect may be the Cause if the part be cold weak looser or fainter from Diseases or hurts received Abundance of Milk in the Breasts causeth a Tumor which distendeth the whole Breast Plenty of milk is tho cause of the Swelling of the breasts or some part thereof wherein it is gathered The plenty of Blood is the cause of this plenty of Milk but chiefly the retention and collection of Milk already made in the breast commonly after Child-bearing which is the time of giving suck in which if Women give not suck as some do not they are subject to swollen breasts somtimes though the Infant do suck yet in regard it cannot suck them clean by reason of the continual increase of Milk the same may happen Women when they have weaned their Children are troubled with this some sew daies after And they seldom have it before they are delivered albeit they have Milk and their Breasts grow bigger Some say that not onely the abundance of milk but the curdling thereof is the cause of this Tumor of the Breasts which if so the Tumor would be rather gathered and hard as somtimes it is in that place wherein it curdleth rather then a general Swelling and this would be so because the Milk is out of its proper Vessels and then in regard curdled milk as clodred Blood cannot be long in a part without corruption or Suppuration nor can they easily be discussed this tumor would quickly be an Imposthume We shewed in pains Blood filling the Veins is the cause of crooked Veins called Varicae how Blood carried out of the Vessels caused hot Tumors with pain And somtimes when it is in the Vessels it causeth tumors as it is in the Veins or Arteries if in the Veins they are swollen and crooked by too much filling and dilatation and somtimes they are in some places more swollen like baggs or Nodes stretched forth made clear and transparent through dilatation and the Colour of the Blood is seen through and they appear blew and black straight or crooked and if they be so stretched that they presse the adjacent Nerves or if the Matter contained in them do offend the Nerves there is pain And the blood will do this sooner in those parts which are dependant and from whence it cannot so easily ascend as in the Leggs where these Varices are most usuall and large as from the same Cause there is the tumor called Cirsocele in the inward Vessels of the Codds but this is seldom because the Blood will not come so violently into such narrow Passages but by some extraordinary occasion Moreover Blood sent into other Veins of the skin gets Varices especially where there are many Veins as in the Scrotum or Cod and the Eye-brows and the like But these are different as the Blood for if that be temperate and pure they are less and only are offensive by their being stretched forth but if the Blood be hot or foul or mixed with Choller they burn and are more troublesom and sometimes have an Ulcer at the bottom where the Blood setleth as in the Legs is usual if the matter be sharp and it will be a creeping corroding Ulcer which many suppose comes from a Melancholick Humor as all other Varices because they look black when pure Blood seen through the skin may seem so the rather when it is foul Now the reason why the Blood is carried so fast to that part is from the part and from the blood it self as when there is too much Blood as in a Plethora and Women with Child by reason of the Terms stopped in the Veins of the
was grown very big We also saw a woman loose a great deal of Blood with great Pulsation from the opening of a Vein which could scarce be stopped although many Remedies were applyed having a beating Tumor after the wound was healed which declared it to be an Aneurism And this came either because the Artery was cut by chance in the fleshless bending of the Arm where the Tumor was by reason of the blood ebbing and flowing under the skin after the wound was healed in the skin and not in the Artery Or because the Mouth of the Artery was fresh dilated before the incision was made and that caused that when the skin was cut there was a Flux which caused a Tumor after the cut was healed Neither can an Aneurism not be from the Arterial blood when it is under the skin and corrupted although this may be when blood is sent from the Veins into the empty spaces yet when Blood leaping from the Artery thus opened returns again and the skin is instead of an Artery it may be without concretion as when it is in the Artery And because this cannot be in the Veins an Aneurism cannot be from venal Blood A watery serous Humor produceth in divers places both general and particular Tumors because it is contained in divers parts of the body as in the veins which are dispersed all over and Bowels into which they are sent or in other Vessels being separated from the blood from which places somtimes simple Water otherwhiles mixed with other Humors comming forth produceth divers kinds of Tumors differing exceedingly as they are in the cavity of the Abdomen or Belly Codds Groyns or in the superficies of the Body either in the inferior parts only or al over as shall be shewed in particulars A serous Humor like Water getting into the Cavity of the Belly Water sent into the Cavity of the Abdomen is the cause of the dropsie Ascites or Abdomen causeth the Dropsie Ascites and then the belly swells more or less according to the quantity of the Water and is somtimes so full that it grows very large in which by tapping we have seen taken from the Living and found somtimes in the Dead threescore pound weight and above of water when much had formerly run out at the Feet which water doth not only burden with its weight but by pressing lying and hindering the free Motion of the Diaphragma or Midriff causeth difficulty of breathing of which they so complain and especially when the water goes more to the Midriff and oppresseth it hence it is that they breath better when they are standing for then the water goes downwards And if the same water weaken the Bowels Liver Spleen Veins Stomach and Guts by making them too moist or by its saltness or sharpness from mixture with other Humors or by its Corruption through long continuance till it stink make them too dry the Mesentery Cawle and Reins will be dryed and drawn up and the Fat clodded as we have seen Or if this water corrode the exulcerate in any part or putrifie the same we have seen the Cawle yellow and stinking in many as well as contracted and the Midriff hath been found the same in and opening of Hydropical People if this happen or if any other Bowels be hurt by this Water it will produce worse Symptoms in the hurt Functions of natural parts as want of Appetite Thirst Cachexy Atrophy and Diarrhaea and the like as by Corruption and Gangren of the Stomach by the water long contained therein a Vomiting with Heat and vehement Inflammation of the Oesophagus or Wezand which I saw in an Hydropical Woman which a liltle before her Death vomited often abundance of black stinking Water with great Inflammation of the Throat The cause of this water in the capacity of the Belly is from the parts of the lower belly which contains the Water or from the Bowels that are ordained for Sanguification as the Liver Spleen Reins or from the Veins which go through those parts and the rest or from the Bladder that holds the water from which if they be divided or the continuity dissolved by Diapedesis by which it is strained or Anastomasis by which the Mouths are open this water falls as shall be shewed in particulars Fernelius witnesseth that there is no Dropsie but it is caused by the solution of the continuity or Division of the Parenchyma or substance of the Liver And this by Anatomy we have often known And that chiefly when the substance of the Liver is cleft and gapeth from whence the water passing by it from the Vessels of the hollow and gate Vein and sweating under the Coats being there constrained fills them with water and makes them like bladders by separating the Tunicles from the parts under them which being broken the water runs into the Belly we have often seen these Bladders very large and clear growing to the Liver and Spleen in Men dead of the Dropsies and in an Ape and Butchers find the same in Cattel And when these coats are corroded the water falls directly into the belly The great Dryness of the substance of the Liver which makes it grow less is the cause of these clifts in the Liver And this came rather by a hot then cold Distemper as appears by the great Thirst of Hydropical People and the high Colour of their Urin and other signs of heat rather then cold and in regard they have it that time most deliciously with spiced meats and drink the strongest wine and so continue being young or aged at which time they fall into a Dropsie by reason of the Dryness of their bowels and they jestingly complain that they are troubled with water though they never drank it in their lives And this we have observed to have been the chief cause of dropsies in our Country and we perceive that a perpetual thirst in Drunkards which they long have had from the hot Distemper of their bowels which makes them ever drinking is a most sure fore-runner of a Dropsie if another Disease doth not prevent it by Death This also may come by heating of the Bowels immoderately with hot Medicines with which Women labour to warm the Stomach and Womb or when they have other cold Diseases These bowels may also be dryed and cleft by hot sharpe and constant Diseases as Feavers and Jaundies and therefore the Dropsie which sheweth rather the signs of heat then cold followeth these Diseases From a hard Tumor of these Bowels either all over them or in any part in the concave or convex part of the Liver or in the Spleen may these Clefts come from a Scirrhus of the Liver or Spleen or any other Tumor which will turn to an Imposthume Or there may be such openings by which the water may fall into the Abdomen because from this Hardness the Tunicle quickly cleaveth and if it imposthume and ulcerate then there is way made for the water as shall be said in
the Breath is held doth dry excellently if it be often made of Frankincense Mastick Pitch upon Coals or if you make a Candle thereof with a wick and after lighting put it out and hold it to the Nose It will dry more with Brimstone and other Minerals Oyntments are applied with a Clout or if very strong with a quill least the parts adjacent should be touched Of Cicatrizers mentioned in an Ulcer that is best which begins thus Take of the sixth Pouder half a dram of Corrosives mentioned in an Ulcer this is best which begins with Take Antimony c. And thus Take Hermodactyls or Agrimony c. Aegyptiacum also mentioned in Fistulaes or that made with Sublimate or that which is mentioned for opening Imposthumes of Sublimate or Troches Our Caustick made of Oyl of Bricks and mentioned in Scrophula which is called the Caustick without pain is good If you will use milder take the pouder of Dragons mentioned make an Oyntment with Oxymel of Squills or Juyce of Pomegranates or Oyl Or the Juyce of the Peels and Stones of Pomegranates boiled forth with Oyl The Juyce of Dragons also is good Or this strong Oyntment Take Aegyptiacum half an ounce Pomegranate Peels and Galls each half a dram Oyl of Vitriol one scruple Or Take the strongest Vitriol or Verdegreece and mix them with Oyl or Honey with Scales of Brass It will be more strong with a little Arsenick or Sublimate There are Waters also for the same to touch them with a Quill or a little button of Lint These are mentioned in Fistula's as that which begins thus Take of Verdegreece three drams c. Or thus Take of Orpiment one dram Verdegreese three drams c. Or thus Take of Orpiment and Verdegreese each one ounce c. Or that Receipt which is mentioned for the Cure of Imposthumes and begins thus Take Vitriol and Arsenick c. Also this stilled Water Take of Allum half a pound Vitriol one ounce and an half Galls or Pouder of Pomegranate peels three ounces of Oyl or Syrup of Grapes two ounces or Juyce of green Grapes mix them with strong Vinegar and distil a Water thereof with which often wash the Polypus The Oyl of Vitriol is stronger Or this Take Oyl of Vitriol one scruple burnt Allum two drams dissolve them in Plantane-water Another most powerful Take Sublimate two drams boyl it in Smiths Forge-water three ounces to half and use it alone or with Oyl of Vitriol half a scruple burnt Allum half a dram Aqua fortis with Orpiment also cureth it The Oyl appointed for Fistula's which begins thus Take Antimony c. Is also good Cauteries of Time burnt Tartar and those which are without pain being warily applied with a Quill to desend the parts adjacent do cure it This is done sooner by an actual Cautery or hot Iron through an Iron quill We also cut it off with an Instrument first made hot in the fire to hinder bleeding That flesh which grows over the teeth The Cure of ranke flesh in the Gums because it only hinders chewing by bleeding is not much regarded because it goes away by chewing But if it grow over the Grinders then you must wash the Mouth with dryers and astringents such as are mentioned in the Ulcers of the Mouth and use things to rub the teeth such as were prescribed in Foulness of teeth The pouder Lapis Prunellae or spirit of Salt-peeter or of common Salt must be applied with a Pencil If these help not use stronger as the Oyntment of Dragon pouder and that made of Oyl and Juyces mentioned in Polypus or Oyl of Vitriol as there mentioned Or this when the teeth are covered Take Allum half a pound Vitriol c. As is there prescribed or Aqua fortis and touch the superficies of the Gums and not the Roots least the teeth grow loose defend therefore the parts in the time of Operation and wash the Mouth well afterward Epulis is a little flesh growing at the roots of the teeth it hinders not The Cure of Epulis though in a Defluxion it is somtimes bigger and goes away of it self therefore it is neglected But if it hinder chewing and cause pain then take it away with astringent Mouth waters such as are mentioned in the consuming of the Gums with Care as aforesaid But if it hang down with a slender Root and may be tyed it may be so cured Encanthis is a Caruncle in the corner of the Eye which is troublesom The Cure of Encanthis therefore you must prevent the Blood which comes thither as we shewed in Ophthalmy or Diseases of the Eyes We use outwardly dryers and astringents such as are prescribed in Ulcers of the Eyes by which it will quickly be cured But if not use stronger Remedies so that you hurt not the Eye or take away all the flesh which will cause a Rhyas which is worse therefore proceed by degrees from mild things to the strongest These are all mentioned in the Cure of the Eyes and taking away Filmes and will be as good for this This Water is most excellent and is also good for other Ulcers Take a Copper Vessel fill it with Spring water or rain-water which is better and put therein an indifferent quantity of unslaked Lime and let it stand till it is setles to four quarts of the clear water add if you make it for the eyes half an ounce of Sublimate and if for foul Ulcers an ounce and let it fall to the bottom and will be yellow pour off the clear water and keep this with you must gently touch the Caruncle in the Eye but wash the foul Ulcer soundly When Flesh grows rank in an Ulcer if it be not skin'd The Cure of proud Flesh it is easily cured as we shewed in an Ulcer but if it be cicatrized and grown over with skin it must be cured as a Wenne The Cure of tumors growing in parts without flesh is first of those in the Joynts as a Ganglion and Nodes which grow also upon the bare Bones as also of those of the Nails and then of those which grow to the skin as Warts Cornes and Callus and lastly of Freckles and Tumors like a Barley corn called Hordeoli A Ganglion is a tumor in the Joynts and though it be softer then a Scirrhus The Cure of Ganglion yet is it hard to be cured if of long continuance sometimes it is incurable but being deep rooted it hinders the motion of the Joynt and so of the Membrane This must be prevented before the tumor be confirmed And we must use all means to discuss it or make it less so that the Joynt may move And this after fitting Evacuations mentioned before in hard and soft Tumors must be done by topical or outward Remedies that soften and digest being wary as may be least it come to suppuration because when it is come to matter either of it self or by neglect it causeth perverse and
incurable Ulcers which do so corrupt these Nervous Parts that the motion of the Joynt is either hindered or utterly lost thereby But by manual Operation somthing may be done as I shall shew The Applications external must be the same that were prescribed in Scrophula which mollifie and digest adding things proper for the Nerves and increasing the quantity thereof to make them prevalent It may be done by Fomentations or Baths thus made Take Lilly roots and Marsh-mallow Briony and Orris roots each two ounces Mallows and Coleworts each two handfuls Henbane one handful Groundpine or Sage and Wormwood each half a handful Chamomil Melilot Wall flowers or Elder-flowers each one pugil Line seed and Foenugreek each one ounce Bay-berries half an ounce boyl them in Water and Wine or Lye for a Fomentation or in greater quantity for a Bath To these may be added stronger as Roots of wild Cowcumber Dragons Sowbread Or the Fomentations mentioned in Scrophula with these mentioned here Also a Decoction of Frogs and Earth-worms or if that will not do of strong Vinegar alone or in which Mil-stone or Fire-stone hath been quenched Or a Lye made of Ashes especially of Fig-tree or Urin or the like mentioned in Scrophula with the things here mentioned Also Oyl of Earth-worms and of Frogs or of Savine A Plaister of Galbanum in which a little Opium is dissolved with some drops of the distilled Oyl of Savine is good to soften and discuss a Ganglion If they sit long in hot Brimstone Baths using them for a month this Tumor will be discussed and the Limb relaxed For which Cause let them be sent to the Bath betimes and use it as a remedy The Oyntments Cataplasmes and Plaisters mentioned in Scrophula are good here also because proper for the Nerves as those fat and gummy things and slimy or of Plants Dungs Pouders with Oyl of Earth-worms Foxes Frogs for the Nerves The Grease of a Man Bear Badger or Fox Also this Plaister Take Pitch two ounces dissolved in Oyl of Earth-worms and Orris one ounce and an half with Labdanum Mastick each two drams Storax one dram ashes of Earth worms half a dram Also this Cataplasm Take the Kernels of old Wall-nuts three ounces Meal of Lupines or Orobus one ounce and an half Raddish and Flower-de-luce roots each one ounce Honey as much as is sufficient with Salt mix them A Fume also of Vinegar in which Fire Stones have been quenched Or this Take Benjamin Storax each two drams Myrrh and Bdellium each one dram Orris roots half a dram Marcasites two drams with Turpentine make Troches for a fume You must beware of Incision because it can scarce be made without danger to the Tendons Ligaments and Nerves We may use other manual Operations by which though a Ganglion cannot be taken away yet the Limb may be rectified It is dangerous to open a Ganglion as I shewed It was declared in the Treatise of contracted Members how when it comes from a tumor they may be reduced by Art and Instruments Knots or Nodes in fleshless parts are of three sorts either in the Joynts as the Gout in the bare Bone as in the Pox and Head-ach or from some violent Cause called callous Nodes we shall speak of them severally The Gout Nodes in the Joynts of the Hands or Feet and elsewhere The Cure of Knots or Nodes in the Gout are hardly discussed and when they are opened they produce some humor or sandy stone or they grow hard and fixed in the joynts so that the Fingers or Toes are either straight out or crooked as I shewed in the Gout But to hinder their growth or to discuss or ripen them you must first use the Cure for the Gout which is the cause by Evacuations and things mentioned against the Gout which are so strong that if the quantity of a small Nut be taken for a month or a year it would dissolve the Nodes of the Gout which they say this following will also do Take St. Johns-wort Germander Groundpine each six drams Tops of lesser Centaury half an ounce Roots of round Birthwort Valerian Spiknel Hermodactyls Agarick each three drams Roots of Gentian and Parsley each two drams Spikenard one dram pouder them well and with Honey make an Electuary Also apply things to mollifie and discuss or ripen as to other tumors but the strongest are these A Cataplasm Take Roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces Flower-de-luce one ounce Line seed half an ounce boyl them in Wine and Honey with a little Turpentine apply them These are most proper the Roots of wild Hemp Teasles Stone Crop Groundsel Hemlock and Henbane green and beaten or boiled first in Wine or Vinegar with Honey or Oxymel and somtimes Grease Or Take Rue Shepheards purse and Raisons beat them together The Heads of Onions and Garlick roasted and boiled with Grease of a Hen Badger or Mountain-mouse Rotten Apples applied are good Ammoniacum Sagapenum Galbanum dissolved in strong Vinegar or Oxymel with Bran Oyl of Turpentine Or Take Galbanum melted in strong Vinegar one ounce and an half Birdlime or Glew moistened with Vinegar Turpentine and Wax each half an ounce mix them Dogs or Goats dung with Wine and Vinegar and Barley meal is also good Also old strong Cheese of Sheeps Milk beaten and applied The Roots and Seeds of Gith pouder of Orris with wax laid constantly thereon Also the Pouder of Oak-moss or Hazel-moss with French Soap and Niter The Ashes of Willow Bark with strong Vinegar Or this Take of Oker two drams the Ashes of Willow-Barks Nigella seeds each one dram dryed Dogs dung one dram and an half make a pouder and mix it with old Cheese adding if you please Gum and Vinegar Also the Juyce of Capars and Oyl of Indian Nuts You may apply Fomentations to the Nodes and they work best first wash with warm water or an emollient Decoction Fomentations are most used to consume hard gravel Tumors and strengthen the part made with red Wine Marsh-mallows Mallows Docks c. Or thus Take Sea or salt Water ten potles boyl therein one pound of Guaicum of Guaicum bark four ounces Wormwood Groundpine Bettony French Lavender red Roses each six handfuls Orris roots one ounce and an half boyl them to six pottles then add twelve pottles of red Wine and boyl them till the the fourth part be consumed strain them and use it for Fomentations for twenty dayes If you fume the part with the same Decoction through a Pipe it will discuss the Hardness and strengthen the Part as hath been experienced Also it is good to put the part into a Wine-press first of moist then of dry Grapes You may also open Nodes by cutting and letting out the Matter and they will either fall or the Medicines applied will have better Operation The Nodes in the French Pox in the Fore-head The Cure of Nodes or Knots in the French Pox and Head-ach Shinns and Backs of the Hands because they
require a general Cure proper for the Pox and also some particulars they shall be declared in the Cure of the Pox. The Nodes in the Head-ach in the Fore-head vanish when the Head-ach is gone usually but if they remain you must evacuate and use external Applications mentioned The callous Nodes which come not from a Disease Of Callous Nodes which eates the Periostium or skin upon the Bone but from over much Nourishment by Bone Juyce so that it seems to be a new Bone growing to the other Or which come after a broken bone are hard to be taken off but continue the whol Life But if they be offensive we shall study to remove them with outward Remedies Not using Evacuations because they come from an outward Cause We may apply things mentioned for the Gout or for Scrophula And we know by Experience that Narcoticks or Stupefactives do much by which we have dissolved desperate Nodes in Men and Beasts Taking the Roots of Mandracks Leaves of Henbane and Hemlock boiled in Vinegar for a Fomentation and Cataplasm to which Bee-nettles may be added Plaisters and Oyntments of Quick-silver are as good here as in the Pox. To soften Nodes use the Cerot of Oesypum which is made of Oyl of Chamomil Orris Oesypum or Grease of Sheeps-wool Rosin Turpentine Mastick Wax Spikenard and Saffron Also the Plaister of the Son of Zachary made of Nerve-Oyl Oesypum or Grease of Sheep-wool Goose grease Marrow of a Cow bone Turpentine Bdellium Ammoniacum Mastick Storax Aloes Foenugreek and Chamomil with Saffron There is another of Calfes suet Olibanum Juyce of Squills and Wax also the Oesypum'd Plaister of Paul and the Diapente of Democritus The Nodes are somtimes cut off especially when they grow towards the Joynts and hinder the Motion And this Operation is safest when they are upon the bare bone only covered with the skin This is done first by opening the skin and laying them bare and then with a sharp knife with one cut taking them from the Bone and by curing the wound which may be done by burning but not safely nor quickly If the Callous Tumors of the Nailes come from any Hurt The Cure of the callous Tumor of the Nails it will be gone as the Nails grow out and are paired But if from an internal Cause they become uneven and thick they will not be made thin yet we must attempt it if we suppose the Distemper of the Body was the Cause by removing that and by external Remedies Emplasters and Baths which soften that we may still cut off the Tumor that the new Nails may grow thinner A Callus in the Hands The Cure of the Callus or thickness of the Skin is a sign of labour and no dishonor and in the Heel doth strengthen the Motion and therefore requires no Cure besides if there be rest it will peell off and a new skin succeed But if they grow to be an hinderance in touching or going as Cornes then we must use Softners And chiefly Baths for the Hands and Feet of warm water and softning Plants mentioned in Clysters that mollifie and in the Baths for a Scirrhus with Grease and fat Tripe-broath and Oyls Also Oyntments Plaisters of Oyls Grease Mucilages and Gums mentioned in Scirrhus and things that soften a Corn. Among the which Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar is most softning After bathing pare the Hands Nails and Feet about the Heel with a Pumex Stone or File We took away a Corn in the side of the Foot which was very troublesom and hard with our Cautery that causeth no pain The Cure of Scars or Callus in the skin The Cure of Scars is not accounted needful especially in Soldiers to whom a wound in the Face is honorable because it argues they saced their Enemy and ran not Also when it comes from any other Cause if it be even with the skin as a white Lye it is neglected because it is like the skin and must not be altered to another Color least it be more apparent But when it sticks forth or is uneven we must make it with cleansing Remedies equal with the skin such as follow The Decoction of wild and Garden Poppy for a Fomentation Also the Water of Lilly or Bean flowers and that of Mans dung commended by some Also Oyl of Myrrh and Yolks of Eggs of bitter Almonds Peaches Dates or instead thereof beat the Kernels and rub the part The Common People rub it with fasting Spettle The Liquor that sweats through Eggs roasting in the Embers The Grease of the Fish Thymalus Or an Oyntment of Rocket and Mustard seed with Ox Gall. Or of Borax Camphire and Grease or Marrow Oyl of Nutmegs boiled in Vinegar and Niter is commended of Dioscorides An Oyntment Take of the Roots of wild Cowcumber or Dragons Orris Reeds each two drams Mellon seeds and Raddish roots each one ounce Harts Horn or burnt Egg-shells each half a dram white Chalk Crystal or Amiantum one dram and an half Frankincense one dram Sugar Candy three drams Gum Traganth infused or the Mucilage of Foenugreek one ounce with Oyl or Grease Make an Oyntment If these avail not use strong Cleansers Corroders and Burners if you will take it quite away Such as we shewed in Discoloration to take away Spots You must also pare it with a Pen-knife as a Callus If the Scar be deep like a pit you cannot make it even unless you first cut or burn it and they fill up the Cavity with new flesh and after heal it But in the pits after the small Pox through the Face and Nose The Cure of the pits of the small Pox. because strong things cannot be well applied there is little hope of Cure great Men would have spared for no cost to have it done for their Children if possible If any thing be done it must be softners and attracters to raise the flesh and make it even As the Decoction of Lillies Calfes feet which will do but little and this is rather to be prevented in the Cure of the small Pox as we shall mention there The Cure of the pit of the Navel growing too deep is neglected The Cure of the pitting of the Navel because being private it is no Impediment as also that tumor which comes from the growing of it hard but we shall shew the cure of the Navel Rupture and Water-rupture Warts and Cornes either depart of themselves The Cure of warts cornes or are not regarded when they are not visible but when in the Face or Hands as Warts or when they cause pain and hinder motion as Cornes we may cure them easier then other hard tumors though they have deep Roots and be hard yet being in the Pores and not fastned to the true skin as one with it nor covered with it as other tumors and being without seeling so that you may apply what you please the Cure is easier which we thus order that
skin and the faults thereof because these Serpents cast their skins every year therefore they suppose they may cause man to do the same This Vipers flesh is given divers waies prepared sometimes boiled in Broath with Salt and Eels their skin stript off or peeled off by boyling their Heads and Tayls cut off and Guts taken out and so if you perswade them to eat Eels they will less disdain the Food you may also boyl them and mince them otherwaies that they may not be known some report that by the use of these the skin of the Leper hath peel'd off in divers polluted places The Broath sometimes is sufficient in which these have boiled or they eat it with the flesh in which you may boil Salt Anise seed and Dill others add Mints and Leeks A Syrup made of this Viper Broath with Sugar and cinnamon will last longer Some say that if you fat Hens with Vipers flesh till their feathers fall off and then boyl them and eat them they will do the same Some give Wine in which Vipers have died Also the flesh of Vipers is dried and made into Troches to be kept when Vipers cannot be had They take the flesh only without the skin Head Tayl and Guts and boil it with Dill and Salt then beat it and with the Broath make it into a paste with Wheat-bread the fourth part and so make it into Balls and dry them These are called the Troches of Vipers These troches are seldom used by themselves but with Conserves such as are mentioned in the Electuary above and if you add one dram of the troches to that Electuary or more it will be better These troches are in treacle to to resist Venom and therefore it is good against the Leprosie As the Vipers cast their skins so the Cray-fish cast their shells every year and therefore are thought of as much vertue as vipers they have a refreshing and restorative vertue Dioscorides gives the flesh of Hedghogs dryed and roasted and Salamanders with other Medicines and if they can do any thing it is by a propriety Some Histories if not Fables say that mans blood taken when he is newly slain and drunk is good and also a water distilled thereof some say Harts horn and Ivory is good against Leprosies as well as other poysons and great Men have Vnicornes horn at a dear rate for that purpose Some magnifie the Pouder of an Emrald The Chymists promise the perfect Cure of the Leprosie by the use of Aurum potabile of high tincture of Antimony the true tincture of Coral with proper Purgers among which they extol the secret of Coral Mercurius dulcis Antimonial Pills that purge onely by stool The famous Dr. Hartman in chymical Practise commends the use of the sweet Essence of Sulphur Vitriol for the Cure of the Leprosie The outward means used in a general Leprosie are baths to take away the Venom in the skin by often use of them to prevent and cure the Leprosie or at least to take away the Deformity of the Ulcers Nodes and Roughness of the skin These are Natural or Artificial The Natural Baths are of sweet Waters warmed used at certain times the Body being well purged before and after Spring and Fall before and after Dinner sitting in them using them till the skin flourish and grow sound and these take away the malignant cause that lyes in the skin Hot Natural Baths are stronger especially of Brimstone such as are in Helvetia Argovia Valesia and Bath in Summerset-shire which as they cure all sorts of Scabs so the Leprosie or take away its Malignity and at least abate all accidents if not take them away if they be long used And therefore they go to the Baths to conceale the Leprosie and we send them thither after Examination when we doubt to see what change will follow Most artificial Baths are to be used long and they must sit in them they are of Water and things that cleanse and make thin the skin and so consume the evil Juyce as roots and Leaves of Marsh-mallows Docks Dwarfe-elder Elicampane Roots of Dragons wild Cowcumbers Briony Sowbread Orris Raddish Bath Hellebore Lillies also Leaves and Roots of Mallows Bugloss Succory Endive Sowthistle Beets Also Wormwood Senna Fumitory Hops Scabious Sopewort Pellitory Violets Liverwort Duck-meat Groundsel Sorrel Agrimony Mugwort Plantane Golden-locks both Ivyes both Celandines Water-lillies Tamarisk Flowers of Chamomil Melilot Elder also Beans and other Pulse Bran Line-seed Foenugreek and all Guords They add to these Salt Brimstone and Allum when the Decoction is not strong Others are added for the Joynts Primrose Groundpine also Calaminth Rosemary Lavender and the five opening Roots These moist Baths which were mentioned for the malignant Scab or Itch are not unlike these and that is best which hath Chalk or Lime in them And the Decoctions to take away spots may be good here for a Bath Some Histories say that a bath of Mans blood hath been used to sit in with success Dry Baths in hot Houses because they too much inflame the Body and violently draw the Humors to the superficies of the body are not so commended but we may prepare the body for the moist Bath by the steam thereof There are Washes for the parts affected with Pustles Ulcers and Roughness of the skin to take away if possible the Malignity They are made of Cleansers and Dryers and such as have a propriety as Serpents and Vipers The Grease of Vipers they say will take off the skin and its faults as well as the flesh eaten also the Oyl wherein their flesh was boiled or a quick Viper drowned some mix the flesh boiled with Oyntments Make this Oyntment of the aforesaid Take the Roots of Dragons and Cookow-pintles Daffodil or Lillies Elcampane Beets Saffron each one pound beat them with Oyl of Roses Omphacine add half a pound of Vuguentum Citrinum Vipers Grease three ounces Turpentine half an ounce Oyl of Wheat or Yolks of Eggs one ounce and an half Oyl of Tartar two ounces Sulphur vivum Niter each three drams Lytharge or Ceruss half an ounce burnt Borax six drams Tutty prepared Sarcocol Frankincense each two drams the Mucilage of Line-seed two ounces Juyce of Docks Fumitory Lemmons each three ounces make them into an Oyntment for rough ulcerated and pustuled Or thus Take Juyce of Lemmons or Oranges or Citrons of Docks Fumitory Scabious Elicampane one pint Vinegar two ounces Aqua vitae one ounce Oyl of Roses Omphacine Myrtles or Mastick each four ounces and an half boyl them till the Juyces be consumed adding Oyl of Yolks of Eggs two ounces of Tartar one ounce and an half French Soape two ounces Vipers Grease four ounces Pomatum two ounces the Gall of a Bull or Goat half an ounce the Mucilage of Fleabane or Line-seed two drams Honey one ounce and an half Roots of Dragons wild Cowcumbers Sowbread Orris each three drams both Helebors two drams Staphisagre Raddish seed each one dram and Borax
and Tartar burnt each half an ounce Quick-brimstone three drams Cuttlebone two drams Snails burnt to Ashes one dram Camphire one dram and an half Lytharge Tutty and Ceruss each one dram and an half mix them well for a Liniment To these may be added Oyl of Bread Corn of Raddish seed of Vipers Juyce of Sowbread and Niter Also Quick-silver may be added which though it doth not destroy the Venom either in Leprosie or French Pox yet it taketh away the accidents in the skin use it not in quantity as you do in the Pox especially if you anoint all over least it cause spitting because it will not cure an Elephantiasis apply it onely where the accidents are in the particular parts one ounce with the former Oyntments is enough if it be used all over Or make this Liniment therewith Take Vnguentum Citrinum four ounces Oyl of Eggs one ounce Oyl of Tartar half an ounce Quick-silver dissolved with Turpentine and the oyntment prescribed formerly half an ounce Juyce of Lemmons or Oranges two ounces and an half Borax two drams Roots of dragons Docks Daffodil Lillies roasted and beaten and mixed with the aforesaid two ounces Treacle of Andromachus and Oyl of Juniper added to these Oyntments will much increase their vertue Particular Applications are only to the parts affected to take away Deformity though they cannot cure And they are used to the Pustles and Ulcers external to diminish or take away or to correct them as the falling of the Hair but we must use them chiefly to internal least they produce worse accidents as in Pustles and Ulcers internal mentioned in difficulty of breathing Medicines are applied outwardly to Pustles in the Face and other parts and they are of dryers and cleansers or Causticks that is burners As we shewed the blackness of the skin in the Discourse of Pains and Spots Pustles and Freckles which Remedies may be used here either gentle strong or burning when Pustles are to be taken off These are applied in divers formes Distilled Waters are used for the Face of things that corrode not As this Take Brimstone six ounces Tartar calcined two ounces Sal Niter Crystal calcined each one ounce Frankincense Myrrh each three drams Camphire one dram Juyce of Docks four ounces Juyce of Lemmons two ounces Rose Bean-flowers Lilly flower or Plantane water one pinse distil them Another Water Take Tartar calcined four ounces Borax half an ounce Frankincense or Mastick two drams sugar candy one ounce Camphire one dram pouder them and mix them with Mucilage of Fleabane or of Gum Traganth in Bean-flower water or Water-lillies six ounces three Whites of Eggs beaten Juyce of Lemmons or Oranges two or three ounces distil them in an Alembeck Other Waters mentioned in Discoloration which have Urine Tartar and Sublimate are here good and those for a red Face for Lytharge and Tartar and the like and those for Spots made of Tartar A white Liquor for the Face like Virgins Milk Take Lytharge one ounce and an half Vinegar six ounces Juyce of Lemmons or Oranges two ounces Allum or Sal Gem. two drams Tartar calcined half an ounce Camphire one scruple steep them and stir them often or boyl them a little if you must use them presently Or boyl in strong white Vinegar equal parts of Sulphur Niter and Crystal finely poudered and wash the face with it strained There are others mentioned in a red Face and in Discoloration of Brimstone and Milk and Lytharge also Lac virginis or Virgins Milk so called There are divers Oyntments for the parts mentioned in Discoloration as Unguentum citrinum for the Face and in a red Face and other Spots made of Juyce of Plants of Oyl of Eggs Tartar and Hellebore of the Blood of an hare and Galls especially of a wild Goat approved by Dioscorides also Oyl of a Lizard Another Oyntment excellent against pustles Take aloes three drams Asarum roots one dram both Hellebors each half a dram staphisagre one scruple Coloquintida half a scruple with Bulls gall make an Oyntment for the Face Oyntments made of Quick-silver mentioned in Discoloration and in the French Pox are good here Some extol this steep two or three Eggs a long time in strong Vinegar till the shell be consumed then beat them with the fourth part of Vinegar and add Frankincense for the Face and it is stronger with black Soap The Causticks against pustles made of Sublimate for the most part are mentioned in the Cure of Spots in Discoloration Also Cauteries these we may use in the Elephantiasis Or this Take Unguentum Citrinum Oyl of Tartar each half an ounce Juyce of Lemmons one ounce sublimate half a dram Vipers or Hens grease half an ounce make a Liniment for the Face Some gather the Worms that breed in a Viper that is buried and dry them and mix them with Cantharides and sharp Vinegar to an Oyntment To wash off the Oyntments and other things take a decoction of Bran and Beans shaled Pease Rice Barley Lupines bruised not in Meal least it turns to a past in boyling adding the Flowers of Beans Water-lillies and an Orange cut in pieces Or wash with Bean-flower-water or the Decoctions mentioned for a red Face In outward creeping hard Ulcers many mentioned for pustles are good and these in pains for malignant ulcces are here good We spake of Medicines against falling of the Hair in deformation In the internal pustles of the Nose Palate Jawes we use those mentioned for other Ulcers and when the Vvula is eaten off and there is Hoarsness as we shewed Also we give things mentioned in shortness of Breath and Hoarsness and if the Nose be stopped you may know there what to do When a fleshy red skin grows in the Eye least it cover the sight and cause Blindness it must be presently prevented with things mentioned in the Cure of the skin or film of the Eye if the Eye brows are red or rough there are Remedies The French Pox albeit it comes from an external hidden Venom The Cure of the French Pox. yet daily Experince shews it is curable yet with pains and more when it is old and deep rooted and hath many evil accidents of which some remaining when the rest are cured and are incurable The Cure is general of the whol Pox or particular of its accidents The general Cure which respecteth the Pox and its accidents is in taking away the Cause that is the Venom brought into the Body by Infection and the Disease that it caused That is the Quality or hurtful Distemper in the skin and Membranes Experience hath taught us that this is done by Evacuations and Reason sheweth how that is when the Excrements desire to be expelled with other Humors by Sweats and other waies they discharge the Venom also And the sooner if the evacuating Medicines have a secret force or manifest quality of drawing out the poyson and consuming it then it is better drawn out and the evil quality departeth
an Impression as it were dividing the Nail as across which also grows away the Hair being dried at the Roots falls away the Skin lanke wrinkled soul and dry in which the Veins are to be seen blew Thus in sound Men otherwayes you may perceive leanness or Atrophy or Tabes which is to a total Consumption as they who want Food or are worn away with labour and care or with age lean dry and withered In sick people the Consumption is most usual and is a Symptome of divers Diseases especially of acute and lasting Diseases which consume the Body and when the recovery of the Body repaireth sometimes they are all their lives time lean and seem old when not therefore it is called Senium or age-like When other Diseases last long they consume the body Senium or Age-like and that is Tabes which hath many Symptomes accompaning it as a Cough and then it is called Phthsiis or Corruption of the Body or the Ulceration of the Lungs from the cause that shall be mentioned and in this kind of Consumption there is a cough night and day Phthisis or Corruption of the Body and spitting sometimes with Blood mixed and at first pure Blood and in great quantity as we shewed in spitting of blood which cometh by fits and there follows matter stinking white or yellow or green or black somtimes a piece of the Lungs is spit up with the matter and there is a constant hectick Feaver with a small Heat and a quick Pulse as in Feavers mentioned which causeth shortness of Breath upon little Motion and coughing these continue many months and years and brings the body like a Sceleton or Anatomy of Bones covered with skin There is another accident to this Phthisis or Phtisick which is called Empyema or Suppuration Empyema or matter in the Breast when matter is in the cavity of the breast like the Ulcer of the lungs by the signs but sometimes it appears by a flowing of Matter at the side and more certainly when there is a Node between the Ribbs which being pressed flies in and then returns if these signs go before those of a Phthysick will presently follow This Consumption with a Hectick Feaver is called Marasmus Marasmus or Withering from the decay rather then from the Feaver there are three sorts thereof when it begins increaseth or is confirmed and this is called Marasmus Feaver when it is at the height of the Body is so lean and withered that the Grislles bend especially in the Breast and sides and stick out the Skin is rough the Nails crooked and the Hair falleth This Consumption of the Body is joyned with another kind of Hectick Feaver The Colliquation or Melting of the Body which comes from the burning Feaver and this is called Colliquation or Melting because it lasteth not long but is sudden and short as we shewed in Feavers Somtimes there is a decrease or consumption with other accidents mentioned in the Cachexy Atrophy joyned with Cachexy or evil Habit. as loss of complexion a pressing pain at the Heart as there is a Swelling of the Body and this called Atrophy or want of Nourishment which may be called a kind of Cachexy because decreasing it causeth an evil Habit although evil Habit or Cachexy is rather when the Body is increased then decreased The practick Physitians describe this Atrophy under the Diseases from whence it comes as those of the Liver and Spleen and comprehend that Consumption in the Names of those Diseases Besides this Atrophy joyned with Cachexy Atrophy with a Dropsie there is another joyned with the Dropsie and its Accidents by which though the Belly and Feet swell the upper parts are extenuated and grow lean so that the body is partly swollen and partly consumed miserable to be beheld as we shewed in the Dropsie Sometimes some Parts consume and that is called Atrophy A particular Atrophy of a Part. which is a kind of Consumption this is usual in the outward Joynts or Members as about the Hip Foot Thigh and Calse of the Leg where it is more visible or upon the shouder or Elbow or between the Thumb and fore-finger Besides these the Eye is said to have an Atrophy or Phthisis and not the Pupilla The Atrophy or Consumption of the Eyes when it is not exactly distended and filled and seems less and obscure and the little black is more straight and contracted this contraction of the black is mentioned in Hurt of sight and thither may this falling of the Eye be referred rather then the Consumption thereof which is in the thick Tunicle The Causes The Cause of total or particular Consumptions is of the parts when they are soft fleshy and fat these comsume sooner then the hard as Bones Grisles and Membranes which manifestly decrease not although while a man lives their Juyce and Humidity may consume and they may wither Hence as it is that fat or flesh being consumed their places are empty and the bones are only covered with skin This unevenness is most in those places where there are more and greater Muscles as the Temples and Cheek when the jugal bone sticks out when they are fallen and there is hollowness of Eyes when the Muscles and Fat of the Eyes are consumed and when the Muscles in the Neck are consumed or in the Breast Back Belly Buttocks there are void places and cavities and bones stick out as the back-bone Ribbs Throat Grislle Shoulder-bladds Channel-bone and the crupper-bone or Ilium and when the Muscles are gone from the Arms Legs Calves Fingers the places are naked and depressed and the Bones seem to stick out especially tho Joynts and the Nails which some say increase in a Consumption unless Nature being content with a little Nourishment for them as I said of Bones should keep them growing all the life As when the whol body is consumed the Hair grows except by the force of the Disease the Roots dry up and they so fall off In Grislles there is no sign of Consumption but that being naked they stick more out as the Nose is sharper and the Nails which only of all Cartilages come forth of the skin are crooked in a great consumption As for the Membranes of the skin which is only visible makes the body even and if the flesh and sat under it and keeping it out be consumed it grows wrinkled and dry as I said and obscure from the wrinkles that cast shadows and the Veins are naked because of the fat consumed the cause of the Consumption of these parts is the want of nourishment or substantial radical Moisture or the change of the Temperament If the Body grow lean for want of Nourishment The want of Nourishment when blood is either not or unprofitable is the cause of every Atrophy it is called Atrophy in which the parts wanting their Juyce of nourishing blood grow lean in regard instead of the substance lost there is no new
especially flesh which requires more Nourishment then other parts and being soft is sooner consumed but the harder parts as Bones Grisles Membranes consume not because they are nourished with little and are more firm as we see the bones of dead Men last long This want of Nourishment is from divers Causes and first because it is not bred or it is unprofitable or it is hindered When the Bloood is not sufficient then because the Juyce nourishing the parts faileth and the fat continually decaying is not renewed by the like the body consumeth this is from want of Chyle in the first concoction when sound men have too little Food or sick men too little Appetitâ which causeth decay as well as the Disease And this may come from other Diseases of the Stomach as want of concoction when there is little or imperfect chyle as in the Tympany those parts which are not consumed The body is extenuated from the want of a second concoction when the blood is not made this causeth an Atrophy this is from the fault of the Liver or Spleen as weakness c. When a Cachexy or Leucophlegmacy from their actions diminished or from their actions lost so that there is little or no blood also other Diseases of the Liver or Spleen breeding a Dropsie Ascites may cause an Atrophy therewith where the parts above not swollen like Feet and Belly are consumed these are described in the cause of the Dropsie The blood is unprofitable and unfit to nourish if it be foul not crude which causeth cachexy and Leucophlegmacy but impure then it breeds Leanness or Atrophy which is joyned with Cacochymy and if it be watery it gets the Atrophy with the Dropsie Ascites this is from the first concoction which is not mended in the second or in the third as we shewed When the blood is stopped from a part it hath an Atrophy The want of Nourishment from ââood hindered is the cause of the Atrophy of a Part. this comes from an outward cause for the internal from want of blood would cause Leanness of the whole body The blood is hindered from distribution by the Veins stopped and pressed by the Dislocation of some Joynt as the Hip from which follows often an Atrophy of the Legs and sometimes Numness if the Nerves be pressed with the Veins Also when Members are too long bound or if the Veins are straightned by a Callus Tumor Node or Wenne about the Joynts or cut off especially if the great Veins or many be so cut off for the lesser Veins and few being cut there are others to nourish the part And if the great Arteries be cut off there will be Mortification rather then Consumption For the want of Substance making Juyce and of Natural Heat The want of substance making Juyce is the cause of Consumption or Tabes the Body consumes and that somtimes through age for as the body grows thereby being young and flourisheth thereby in middle age so in old age as that decayes the Body consumeth through the driness of the parts also which comes by their Temperament whereby they are withered The same may come from Labour Care and Diseases being vehement and persevering whereby the radical moisture and Natural Heat is consumed and weakned as in old Age so before by Labour and Cares and Diseases Men become sooner weak and lean and so continue all their lives except the Natural Heat be not so weakned but it may be repaired And then though they be very lean yet if they leave off Labour and Care and grow sound they will recover their former Vigor It happens through the change of the Constitution into a more hot and dry temper The change of the Constitution into hot and dry is the cause of Marasmus when all the parts are of a like temper that the Body doth not increase in young Men and in the aged it decreaseth and groweth dry and withered As in a Hectick Feaver coming from the heat of another Feaver which changed temper of the Heart making it too hot and dry the Body consumes of a Marasmus as we shewed in Hectick Feavers And though it is by degrees in this kind of Hectick yet is it of a sudden in Colliquation or melting and it follows a burning Feaver the extream Heat whereof did not onely turn the temper of the Heart into hot and dry but melted the substance whereby the whol body became dry and consumed As I shewed in the melting Feaver This is not only in simple Hecticks but in such as are joyned with a Distemâer of the Lungs The Ptysick is caused by the change of the Constitution into hot and dry and a Hectick Feaver so that the Body consumes as in a Hectick and this is called Phthisis Ptysick because the Lungs distempered are the cause of it This Consumption rising from a filth and Rottenness of the Lungs doth continually disturb the Heart adjoyning by Heat and makes it and the whol body hot and dry which causeth a Hectick Feaver as other Hecticks come from other Feavers as we shewed in Feavers The first Cause of this Rottenness of the Lungs and the Hectick that comes from thence and the Consumption that follows that is the Ulceration of the Lungs till they rot so that the Lungs are in part or all one side turned into matter and the Vessels of the Heart which are joyning to the Lungs are lost on that side and as it were cut off about the Heart and a Callus at the Root And this Corruption hath been so great that the Mediastinum that divides the Lungs and the Pericardium or Case for the Heart have been infected thereby These things being thus the matter which breeds in the Ulcer of the Lungs Matter in the Breast is the Cause of Empyema is not only spet out as it falls upon the Branches of the rough Artery but at length when the substance of the Lungs is divided by corruption it fals into the Cavity of the Breast and there being heaped up it causeth the-Disease called Empyema This appears to come from the Ulcer by Anatomy for when there is corruption of the Lungs you shall alwaies find some matter in the Breast As also in regard that matter coming from the Suppuration of the Membrane that compasseth the Breast fals seldom into the same for it will rather fal out of it as was shewed in the Pleurisie But an Impostum growing to the Membranes or to the outward Tunicle of the Lungs being broken by other Causes then Inflammation may send its matter into the Breast or matter may flow there ãâ¦ã as they say may be from an Angina suppurated or Squinsie or from a Defluxion of Flegm into the Breast But in regard there is no passage from the Neck into the Breast and if they should get into the rough Artery except they were coughed up they will rather fall into the Lungs then the Cavity of the Breast this is not probable
to come from a Squinsie much less from a Defluxion But if an Empyema should breed without an Ulcer in the Lungs after the manner mentioned the Lungs would at length be infected by the matter retained in the Breast and the Ulcer of the Lungs would follow which usually goeth before the Empyema or matter in the Breast The cause of this Ulceration and the rottenness that comes from thence The solution of continuity in the Lungs is the cause of Ulceration is either Inflammation or breach of some Vessel in the Lungs or a Wound or corroding of the substance by some sharp putrid or venomous Humor In a Peripneumonia or Inflammation of the Lungs or in the Pleurisie if the blood as we shewed in the Pleurisie be not turned into matter by Concoction and so spet out But the inflamed substance of the Lungs is also supurated there is an Exulceration of the Lungs which usually follows such Inflammations in which there being more matter which is thrown out by coughing in great quantities And this matter except death prevent corrupting the substance of the Lungs more begets that lasting Ptysick joyned with a Hectick Feaver in which the Body pines a-away If either in the beginning or afterwards any matter falls into the hollow of the Breast there will be also an Empyema as Hippocrates shews if Men in a Pleurisie be not purged in fourteen daies they wil have a Suppuration or Empyema And this will sooner come from the Pleurisie and Inflammation of the Lungs then from the Membrane that goes about them because a true Pleurisie as I shewed comes from the Inflammation of the Lungs as well as Peripneumonia or Consumption of the Lungs This comes often from the breaking of a Vessel in the Lungs which passeth through the substance of them being ful of Blood and then the Blood being sut from the Vessels into the branches of the rough Artery there is coughing up of blood at the first which goes before the Ptisick and shews that it comes from the breaking of a Vein Because there is a Wound made in the Lungs by the breaking of the Vein which by the continual Contraction and Dilatation of the Lungs seperating the Lips thereof cannot grow together and be healed but turnes into a filthy Ulcer which corrupteth the substance adjacent of the Lungs and causeth a Hectick Feaver and a Consumption somtimes the cause of this Rupture of a Vein in the Lungs is too often and vehement Dilatation thereof by hollowing crying and blowing or straining in lifting or carrying of burdens or in voiding of Excrements or Child-birth Somtimes from other external force as a blow or fall if the Breast be so bruised that the Lungs are hurt As we shewed in the causes of spetting blood There is also an Ulcer in the Lungs often from an external cause either from a Contusion of the breast breaking the Vessels and substance of the Lungs which causeth a contused Wound or from a thrust into the Breast which toucheth the Lungs and causeth a wound both which turn into Ulcers Somtimes the cause of a Ptysick or Consumption is a sharp humor flowing from the Brain which corrodeth the Lungs and this they suppose to be the chief cause but it is not in regard many who have a long time had this Defluxion and Cough yet have no Consumption and young men fal into Consumptions rather then old who are more troubled with Defluxtions Yet if we grant that a Ptysick may come from a Defluxion which causeth a Cough and the Cough the breaking of a Vein because by forcing often the inner parts of the Lungs they may be hurt in time And that Defluxions may easily befal Consumptive men which though they do not first hurt the Lungs yet by reason of the Cough which is added to that which proceeds from the Ulcer they cause an increase of the Disease But we suppose it more often comes from an humor ulcerating the Lungs which lieth in the substance thereof and there corrupteth and is not coughed out but often recruted Because being bred in the substance of the Lungs and not getting into the branches of the rough Artery and less provoking a Cough then when it fals from the Head upon the rough Artery it may continue longer and do more hurt They teach that the Lungs may be infected with blood or matter and so a Ptysick may come and because in the Disease of spetting of blood the blood is not sufficiently discharged it putrifies and hurts the Lungs and so causeth a Ptysick But this comes rather from a broken Vein as we shewed and when the blood out of its Vessels lodgeth and corrupted And if the blood comes not from a broken Vein in the Lungs but fals down by the rough Artery there upon except it be coughed up again as it is usually and lodgeth which is difficult then putrifying it may also hurt the Lungs In the Inflammation of the Lungs in the Pleurisie and Peripneumonia the blood that sweats through or matter that breds thereof if it be not sufficiently coughed out but retained in the Lungs it infecteth them and causeth a Ptysick which follows a Pleurisie or Peripneumonia that is inflammation of the Lungs not well expectorated or coughed up And that matter in their ulcerated and Corrupted Lungs continually increasing and sticking to the Ulcers makes a greater corruption If the Lungs be ulcerated from any venemous humor as is written of a Sea-hare that eaten it will ulcerate the Lungs if it be true it is from its quality contrary to the Lungs The Cure It must first be general of the whol Body and then perticular to certain parts thereof The general Cure of the Consumption of the whol boby is to be as it is in sound men and sick In found men that have no other infirmity the body through fasting and want of nourishment The Cure of Atrophy or Leanness hath an Atrophy somtimes or from labor and care which dry up the natural moisture and then you feed them moderately again and they abstaine from violent labor and cast away care they recover of themselves except they be very far spent and then they are incurable Neither can leanness in old Age when the substance making moisture is consumed and the Members dried be more cured then old age its self That Atrophy which is from the disease of the Bowels ordained for sanguifying or making Blood or Chyle The Cure of Atrophy joyned with Cachexy Dropsie especially the Stomach Liver and Spleen through the want of Nourishment which is caused by those Diseases by which means either blood not sufficient or unfit for Nourishment is bred requires that Cure which belongs to those Diseases which being cured the Body flourisheth and if not the Patient dieth The cure of which we have shewed in other great accidents that come from the same as in the Cachexy whereof Atrophy is a Species or Kind and in the Dropsie and the like
Fernelius who distinguisheth this Passage of the Rimme into that which is internal and that which is external faith that in the Gut-rupture and cawle Rupture the inward Rimm or Skin must needs be broken and the outward only enlarged It may be he meant that it was so in Women that these Ruptures came from the Relaxation of the Rimme of the Belly in the Groin where they have as we shewed a peculiar Vessel For he saith that there is a Tendon sent from the Groine to the Rimme of the Belly which strengthneth it and so also the Guts and cawle But in regard that Vessel is not so membranous and thin as the enterance of the Rimme but is nervous and hard and therefore is not so easily enlarged the Guts or Cawle cannot fall into the Groin by the relaxing thereof except it be broken When the Rim of the Belly is enlarged without being broken The cause of Navel-rupture is the enlarging of the Rim of the Belly there there may be a Navel-rupture also and this appears because in great straightness especially of Woman in travail the Navel often swells by the Guts through straining sent chiefly to that part of the Rim where there is a short Passage in the Navel which appeared at the birth in the Navel string and after grew together and there distending or stretching the Rim and when the straining is over and the stretching the swelling goes clean away and returns no more which would not be if it came from the breaking of the Passage for which cause as we perceive plainly that the Navel-rupture continues not so we may collect that the Rupture which remains comes from the Rim of the Belly so stretched by the Causes aforesaid that it cannot return which cannot be in other parts of the rim of the Belly but that in the Groine without a breaking thereof From the Dissolving or Division of the Neck of the Womb The cause of the falling out of the Womb is the dissolving of the connexion of the Neck thereof from the parts unto which it is knit comes the Falling out thereof For the Womb being chiefly held up by its Neck upon which it resteth and unto which it grows firmly and in other parts being free from all connexion or joyning that it may better dilate and enlarge it self in Conception except on each side a little and that loosely to the Rimme of the Belly it cannot be that it should fall all to the Privities except the Neck thereof which is so fastned thereto that it cannot be separated do also follow And because this cannot be without the rending of the fibrous Connexion which is made by the Neck and Parts adjacent The immediate cause of the Falling of the Womb must be the dissolving of the Connexion of the Neck thereof And if this dissolving be in some part onely near the womb the womb will hang down in the Privities with some part only of the Neck turned but if the Neck of the Womb be wholly separated from the parts under it then the Womb will all hang forth with the Neck turned inside outward and the womb will not be so turned in the bottom but as it was when in the Belly the Orifice onely being open drawing with it the Membranes and the Rimme which is joyned to them with the Vessels and Stones And this may be without a Rupture only from the Looseness of the Membranes which can stretch much as we see in Dropsies when the Belly is swollen how the Rim thereof is stretched although the womb hath been long down as appears in that when it is put up again Women may conceive which could not be if the Vessels were divided from it The womb it self causeth chiefly this Separation of the Neck of it from the Fibers or small Veins by which it is joyned to the parts adjacent though not strongly and therfore it may be without great hurt or bleeding when it is forcibly so drawn down that it brings the Neck with it either suddenly or by degrees when there is less force first tearing the Veins next to it and then turning out the neck downward which hanging forth makes it fall more down by degrees through the weight thereof The womb is thus driven down by great and often straining The forcible untying of the Neck of the Womb is the cause of the wombs Falling down by blowing the wind or otherwise which presseth downward the Guts and Womb especially in a womans throws in child-birth when the travail is hard and the womb gets too much downward with the Child and the rather when the Child getting through with difficulty thrusts the Neck of the Womb down and so untieth it from the Veins Or if the Secundine or after Birth sticking still to the womb be so driven by the Midwife that the womb is driven down also with the Neck thereof For these Causes after Child-bearing the womb falls down and those Women which have often brought forth and endured such Midwives are presently troubled therewith or when they grow old The same may come from Leaping or the like Shaking of the Body and the Womb may hang out thereby Also from the Neck of the Womb it self besides when it is pull'd away by the Womb there may be a Falling out of the same when it is separated by Force from the parts beneath by violent and frequent Copulation as in Harlots which are continually rubbed or from some Corruption in the Neck by which we once saw the womb fallen out Also from other Causes this Falling down of the womb can scarce proceed As for the looseness of the Ligaments or of Muscles by which some thought the Womb did hang which they say comes from the Force mentioned and by which the womb is driven down or from the plenty of Humors that wet the Membranes We since there are no such Muscles because as we shewed the womb must be free and Membranes so loosned that they may follow the womb nor so fast tyed as they ought to be if the womb hang by them cannot grant the Falling out of the womb to be from the looseness thereof For although the womb be loosned and the Vessels stretcht beyond their bounds yet can it not fall through the Privities except the Neck be separated also which only holds it in Nor can the breaking of the Membranes be the Cause as some say because we found in the Anatomy of a Woman whose Membranes were putrified and consumed long before her death as appeared by a Flux of stinking matter that the womb moved not out of its place but was firm As for the watery Humor which they say causeth the Falling out of the Womb we shewed that it could not do it by moistning the Ligaments and now declare that in Women that have the Dropsie in whom the womb and its Membranes swimms in water the womb falls not out yet it may come to pass in the Whites that the neck of
Fennel seeds And to these if you add of Vitriol and Allum each one ounce or more it will be stronger of which alone with Bole and burnt Plaister of Paris you may make a Fomentation Some commend the Liquor sound in the Leaves of an Elm. Cutting is the last Remedy which is proper in the Rupture and Loosness of the Rimme of the Belly and when the skin is laid open you may lay hold upon and bind the Rim yet because it is dangerous and painful it is to be used only when all other things fail and then not rashly and except the Tumor is very troublesom and slips out easily and is exceeding painful and we fear least when the Guts are out they cannot be put in again Otherwise it is better to use a Truss which with little trouble takes away pain and danger This cutting is said to cure Ruptures for the skin being open in the Groine the Mouth of the Rimme being torn or broke nor relaxed may be bound together and the Passage so stopt and held together by the string till the flesh grow up least the Membrane should open again being united which will not grow together And this cutting will cure other Ruptures although in other places the Rimme is not so easily laid hold on and tyed yet the flesh that grows may stop the Passage That this may be done handsomly in the Groine where it is most usual after you have implored the Assistance of God because it is is dangerous you must place the Patient upon a table with his Face upwards and so tye him that his Head may be lower then the rest of his Body and his Feet higher And if the Guts be in the Groine or Codd they must first be put up and the tumor pressed down and after the skin must be drawn up and out in the length of the Groine and you must take hold of the Passage of the Rimme which descends from thence into the Codds and contains the Seed Vessels and separate it by drawing or cutting from the parts adjacent to which it cleaveth and tye it strongly with a hempen thread leaving the ends of the thread hanging out and you must cut off the Passage below the thread and pull it away with the Seed Vessels and the Stone that grows thereto Then you must place him upon a Bed and lay him upon his Back to rest till the Wound be cured which is done as other wounds with washing and good Ligature And it will not be amiss before you cut to put the Patient into a mollifying Bath that the Guts may be better put up and for the better success in cutting Also this cutting may be without Gelding which all desire if the Chyrurgion be a good Anatomist and can so tye the Passage separated from the Seed-vessels that no other part be tyed therewith Some have attempted this by a prick without cutting they pierce the upper part of the Codd with a long Needle through the Passage of the Rimme of the Belly and draw a thread after it and so say that they can stop the Passage by tying of the thread and cure the Patient without loss of Stone or Seed-vessels I have often heard that a Rupture might be cured without cutting but while I write these things there came to me very seasonably a French Surgeon which I saw performed the Cure with good success by this way And being it is without pain or but with very little and without loss of Blood it is the best and safest way And in regard the Vessels may better be seen and felt without Blood it is the best way for males to prevent Gelding He applied a potential Cautery a little above the stone on the Rupture side where the passage of the Rimme goes into the Codd so large that it mortified the skin half a fingers length and breadth making an Eschar or Scab which he took off and applied another Cautery till the skin was all taken away and the sat appeared which he cut off so that he could perceive the passage that carried the Seed-sessels This being done in two dayes time he handsomly separated the Vessels from the passage and with a crooked Needle conveighed a thread underneath and so gently tyed the passage without pain and after the thread fell off in time he with incarnative or flesh-breeding Medicines produced a Callus or Hardness which grew the better to the passage because the second skin to the Testicles called Erythrois is red fleshy and musculous And so by pressing down and filling up the place where substance was lost he stopped the passage by which the Guts came forth and so he performed the Cure perfectly and happily without Gelding And I understood by Letters he brought to me that he had cured divers the same way In other parts you may not use cutting or burning for a Rupture as in the Groine because you cannot so easily lay hold of the Rimme of the Belly and bind it yet it may help somtimes especially because proud Fesh will sooner grow while a wound is healing as I shewed And this must be done when the Patient is upon his back by an Incision upon the tumor or a Caustick and by other Applications for the Cure Somtimes the Womb and neck thereof falls out of the Body The Cure of the Falling out of the Womb. when the Connexion of the Neck is dissolved as we shewed which can scarce be repaired and then the Cure is difficult and if it be old because the parts separated are grown hard and cannot be closed it is impossible The greatest hope is when the Womb is not quite fallen out but hangs in the passage especially when it is deep for then the small Veins are less divided Nevertheless for the Cure perfectly or imperfectly first you must consider the Cause and then the Disease The Cause of Falling out of the Womb must first be removed by keeping them at rest or with little motion and from immoderate Venery and preventing neesing coughing and roaring And if she be with child give her things to help the Birth when it is at hand And let her Body be alwaies kept soluble by Meats and Medicines to avoid straining And it is better to purge so then to use moistning Diets which cause the Ligaments to be loose and the Womb to fall out And if the womb be moist or she have the Whites you may give strong Purges to take away the slipperiness of the part which causeth the womb to fall forth Those Medicines are drying also as we shewed in the Cure of the Whites otherwise purging or bleeding do little good for taking away the Cause except to keep the Body clean The Cure of the Disease which is twofold namely the Dislocation of the womb and the neck thereof and the solution of Continuity is to put the womb into the right place and keep it there and to unite it to the Parts from which it is divided The womb
rough Artery into the Mouth and Nose Expiration is depraved and there is a Noise was declared in the Causes of depraved Breathing Also Snorting comes from the forcing out of Air drawn in at the Nose Snorting is caused by air drawn in and sent out at the Nose especially in those that have Apesnoses and the Passages of the Nostrils straighter or when the Bridge is fallen by other means or when some part is stopped with Snot then the sound being broken causeth that called Snorting especially in sleeping when the Mouth is shut and the Air drawn in at the Nose or if the Party lyeth upon his Back for then the flegm falls easier down and sticks there which causeth a Snorting in some Diseases when it comes to the Nose and stops there as in an Apoplexy falling-sickness c. This Symptom is constant with them for the Causes mentioned in those Diseases When there is a wound in the rough Artery or Breast Breath or wind breaking at a wound is the Cause of preternatural Efflation the Breath comes forth at an inconvenient place These wounds are made on purpose in the breast in an Empyema in the rough Artery in Squinzie or by chance as was there declared And if the Stomach or Belly be wounded wind will come forth as when we cut for the Dropsie or when a wound is there by chance Belching comes from wind rising up from the Stomach through the Gullet and Mouth When wind breakes from the stomach at the mouth it causeth belching and when it goes downwards through the Guts to the Fundament it causeth farting making the greater noise by how much they are more forced From the Guts by the Fundament farting And if these be shut up in the belly they run through the Cavities and cause a Rumbling in the belly When it is included in the belly it causeth Rumbling especially about the left side if they be in the belly or the Colon which lyeth under and is joyned to it For these parts are chiefly on the left side albeit some think it is from the Spleen which cannot be fill'd with wind or if they be about the navel or other parts they wil cause noise because the Guts are thin about the Navel we have shewed the Cause of these winds in divers Diseases of the Stomach and Guts among which the strait lacing of Virgins to seem slender is one for so the wind constrained causeth noise and many times disgrace Besides these simple Winds Wind with an humor in the stomach and guts is the Cause of Fluctuation if there be another Humor therewith there is then a Fluctuation or sound of water with the croaking or if it be water alone it will be only fluctation And as this may be from divers Causes mentioned in Diseases of the Stomach so often from water-drinking and the like when the Body is stirred and the Belly pressed A stinking Breath comes from the Infection of the same with things that have evil scent as also that stinking of the Nose and Mouth and then Belchings and Farting will be very stinking which comes from divers things taken and from Excrements Some things taken that have an ill Scent infect the breath The Infection of the breath by things chewed is the cause of the stink thereof especially if they stick in the Teeth and in the Stomach the the scent riseth to the Mouth as when you eat Garlick or rotten Cheese and the like which though not so bad is distastful to the Standers by as belching from wine in drunkards or from fat meats Many other things not ill scented but by their Corruption do infect the Breath as flesh in a hollow tooth or between the teeth if it continue long and corrupt and rot Also flesh corrupting in the stomach may cause a stinking Breath and other things that of themselves are not ill scented corrupt in the Stomach which is usual as Raddishes and cause a stinking belching and breath Also stinking Excrements The stink of the Excrements is the cause of a stinking Wind and Breath being in the Stomach or Guts sent forth evil Scents as when they are out Excrements in the Guts are Naturally stinking especially being cholerick or mixed with other evil Humors and they stink not only when they come forth but by Vapors which come from them they discover their evil Scent Also a stinking Breath may come from the Excrements of the Belly when the Stomach is too open especially the Pylorus or Orifice thereof which opens into the Guts and then the stink of the Excrements gets into the Stomach and so into the Mouth and infects the Breath And this we take to be the chief cause of that stinking breath which smells like Excrements which continueth so long because it comes from a fault in the Organ or Part called the Pylorus and Stomach which is scarce repaired This is occasioned by long surseiting by which the stomach is so loose or so weak as we shewed in the Weakness of the Stomach Some Excrements in the Stomach that stink and are bred there or brought thither do send their scent through the Gullet to the Mouth or rise up and infect the breath as in many Diseases especially when the Excrements putrifie about the Stomach in the Meseraick Veins there is stinking Breath going before and accompanying them The Mouth is not stinking onely from things eaten The Stink of the mouth is the Cause of a stinking breath and putrefaction in the Teeth but from the Spettle and the like as in the French Pox from the evil Humors sent thither by the anointing with Quick-silver Also Filth above the Teeth causeth the same The filth which grows in ulcers of the Mouth and Jawes causeth also a stinking breath yet Matter that is Natural will not stink as in the Ulcers of the Lungs there is little stink in respect of the matter till it rot When Flegm The Stink in the nose is the Cause of the Stink of the Breath Filth or the like is long contained in the farthest part of the Nostrils about the spungy bones and in the cavities of the upper Jaw-bones they send a loathsom stinking Scent And this is called the stink of the Nostrils And this may come from the slimyness of the Snot mixed with divers Humors and from the straitness of the Passages where the filth is gathered and lodgeth till it fall or be blown forth and this straitness is either Natural or Accidental and then the Nose is flat The same comes from ulcers in the Nostrils and there is a stink from them according as they are corrupted as we shewed in the Ulcers of the Nose They write that the same may be from Humors putrified within the Skull about the Organs of Smelling or in the Ventricles of the Brain but this is not probable for such Putrefaction could not be in the Brain without greater accidents and somtimes death The Cure The
blood by the passages of urin without pissing with great pain when the stone is taken out of the Bladder The Natural Flux of the Terms is preternatural if it be not at the night time or be longer The immoderate Flux of the Terms or in great quantity or after they have been long stopped or when women have been thought with Child by reason of the greatness of their bellies through that stoppage and then have them suddenly and in great quantity with great weakness and hazard of life But that Flux is preternatural and different from the Flux of the Terms In old Women there is a Flux of blood from the womb different from the Terms if when the Terms are past and the Woman is old it come without order sometimes more somtimes less remaining long which we call not the Courses but an Haemorhagy of the womb Faintness Palness and evil Habit followeth these preternatural Purgations of blood from the womb either pure or mixed And after a long stoppage if there come suddenlya great Flux it weakneth and somtimes kills I observed in three Women which were past their Courses this Haemorrhagy or Bleeding of the womb in one it lasted above two years in the other a long time and in one of them with such great pain of the womb almost continuing a whol year not yeelding to any Medicines it continued till death Somtimes the Flux after Child-birth is so great that the woman is much weakned thereby Bleeding after Child-birth And this is not only after a Natural birth but after Abortion with great Danger There is another Flux of Blood from the womb at the first Copulation of the woman Bleeding in the time of deflowring and Copulation when she looseth her Virginity such as when she hath her Terms and this because it is counted the sign of Virginity and therefore ought to follow is not counted preternatural or hurtful Also this bleeding in Copulation is afterward and with great pain There is another Flux at the Fundament besides that of a Dysentery The immoderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids Needing or Liver-flux which is common in both sexes called Haemorroids as any other flux of blood may be called Which albeit it is usual and profitable to some Tempers and Constitutions especially of Men and somtimes of Women when old especially comming not in order like the Courses but once twice or thrice in a year yet is it preternatural when it is immoderate and flows too long or returns too often and causeth Faintness Weakness Paleness evil Habit and Dropsie as we shewed in other Fluxes of blood In this Flux the Blood is separated from the other Excrements being almost pure and not so black as blood that flows from other parts And if it be discoloured or impure it will be rather very red or yellow then otherwise When this Flux comes in a Disease and doth not good as when it comes in order curing the Disease but hurt by its violence making the Body weak it is preternatural Also that which comes not Naturally but by a violent Cause as shall be shewed and therefore is unprofitable especially when painful and hurt followeth is preternatural Besides this Flux of the Haemorrhoids Another bleeding at the Fundament different from the Haemorrhoids there are other preternatural from the Fundament As that which is of little blood appearing comming from a violent Cause with Itching and Pain Hither may be referred that bleeding in women when the Terms come not only from the womb but Fundament This is seldom but somtimes it hath ulcerated the Parts It can scarce be without a Miarcle as in our Savior The drops of blood from the Pores of the Skin that Blood should sweat through the Pores of the skin But we saw once in a Child that had a Dropsie most of his Pores bloody as if his Body had been sprinkled with blood and yet the blood did not flow or foul the Linnen Blood usually flows from the body Bleeding by wounds or Orifices not naturally by its orifices and wounds great or small either made for bleeding by Art or by Chance as we shall shew here and as was declared in Wounds and the like Divisions of the Skin and Diseases Blood flows but little from the skin when that is only divided without other hurt When a Vein is opened it leaps out abundantly and this will weaken the strength if immoderate As also when there is no need and when it is done rashly and from an evil Custom by which means many have grown weak and old before their time In the opening of an Artery the Blood being hot leaps by starts and if it continue it brings weakness and worse accidents As it hapned in the opening of an Aneurism there was a total loss of blood and strength which causeth Death We have feen in the Feet a Vein open of it self as in Phlebotomy and it hath flowed in great quantity into the Shoes be for Notice hath been taken thereof And we have seen the same in the crooked Veins of the Thighs And some say that it hath been so in the Face Arms Breast and under the Ribbs from whence if it should come at night and not be discovered it would be as dangerous as bleeding over much from opening of a Vein by Art This is rare in Men but usual in Horses when they are very hot but it doth no harm When I was at School I saw my School-fellow that sat next me bleed at the small Vein in the tip of his Nose very much and often and it opened of it self and this came from the heat of his Body by violent Exercise Somtimes the Blood flows more or less from the Habit of the Body in Wounds and Amputations and it is so great somtimes that it causeth great weakness except it be stopped Somtimes Blood flows from the internal Cavities of the Belly Breast Head c. In wounds there or falls into the Cavities And if this be immoderate it weakneth and if it be contained in the Cavities it grows together and putrifies and brings greater Symptoms then those that come from a Wound The Causes The Causes of all these Kinds of Bleeding from divers Parts of the Body is either from the Solution of Continuity by opening of the Mouths of the Veins or the solution of Continuity from the Hurt done to some Veins or parts underneath Some comes from the opening of the Mouths of the veins according to their diversity The opening of the mouths of the Veins or Anastomosis in the Ears nose neck of the womb strait gut or skin is the Cause of bleeding in those Parts The inward Veins of the Ears opened by Anastomosis somtimes bleed much and this comes from the plenty or the thinness of the blood in the head but seldom for then Nature would rather send it forth by the Veins of the Nose except it flow both wayes as we shewed The inward Veins
are some signs of a foul Body Somtimes it is with other Diseases as in thick Pissing when it is mattery slimy or like Milk with Urin for the Diseases of the Reins Bladder or other parts Also in the Ulcer of the Yard and Bladder matter is voided alone and Seed involuntary in a Gonorrhoea or Running of the Reins especially when it is venemous As we shall shew concerning them Somtimes symptoms of the Stone in the Bladder are with this Dysury as Itching about the Privities standing of the Yard sense of Heaviness about the Fundament into which if the Finger be thrust the Stone in the Bladder may be felt also straining with crude Urin sometimes thick and bloody and sometimes it is quite stopped There is often turbulent or thick pissing as of matter which settles in the urinal like a Pultis Thick Pissing and mixeth again with the urin when it is shaked and goes to the bottom again when it settleth It is somtimes white without scent somtimes stinking somtimes white Filmes do fly in the Urin as in the Ulcer of the Kidneys As we shall shew Somtimes it is without scalding but with heaviness and pain of the Reins somtimes with scalding They say that pissing of Matter may be from an Imposthum in the Liver which is rare and from a Pleurisie or Peripneumony or Empyema which is most rare and seldom There is another thick Pissing of Slime with the Urin which sticks to the bottom of the Urinal like Glew after the Urin is poudered out this is from the Ulcer of the Bladder and then there is also scalding of Urin. Also this slime is voided alone As we shall declare in the Excretions of the Yard without Urin. Another thick Pissing is like Milk Milkie Pissing and then there is a great white sediment at the bottom of the Urinal and is mixed with the urin when it is shaked I have observed this in my self and others somtimes for many daies and somtimes at certain hours especially at night after Exercise without other accident except heat in Pissing and straining after Pissing of Blood Pissing of blood is when the Urin is coloured like blood In which after settling there is a thick and black sediment This is often with other accidents in the Stone of the Kidneys and after violent Exercise also in the Stone of the Bladder And if there be an Ulcer there is Matter with Blood They who use the Catheter have often a little blood in the Urin. And they who have had a great ãâã or Stroak piss blood And they who have taken Cantharides or Spaâââ flies or the like Otherwise there is seldom Pissing of Blood Only in Feavers it may be a Crisis or for Judgment And I knew a Maid in a pestilential Feaver that pissed some chamber-pots full of blood before she dyed Also Bloodhath been pissed without a Disease As we shall shew in the Causes of all sorts of Pissing Blood There are also other kinds of preternatural Pissing Urin of a preternatural color or mixed As when the Urin is of another strange colour mixed with sand slime which shew Diseases or the approaching of them Of these we shal not speak because when the Disease is cured they vanish Here may be mentioned Urin with dung Urin mixed with dung bones or the terms as we shewed in the preternatural Voiding of Excrements of the Belly or with bones or the like which we spake of in preternatural Excretion Or with the Terms as we shewed in their preternatural Flux Somtimes the Urin flows another way as out of a Wound The Flux of urin by a Wound as in cutting for the Stone it flows at the Perinaeum till it be healed The same may be about the loins and lower parts of the Belly from a wound there As we knew one who made no Urin but at his Groins for many years The Causes The Cause of all preternatural Pissing as involuntary immoderate often little thick bloody dyed or mixed is from an evil custom or Disease in the Reins or Bladder as a hot Constitution or weak a cold or hot Distemper or forcing or solution of continuity or contiguity Or from a Disease by consent of the Bladder Or some Disease in a part like the Reins and Bladder Somtimes often pissing is from an evil custom An evil custom is the Cause of often Pissing for when Nature is not disordered by Diet she keepeth her order and time for voiding the Excrements of the belly And if you disorder her by any means or forcing it will not be seasonable Therefore Infants that have long pissed their beds are familarly troubled therewith an it continues with them when grown up which is unseemly Some kinds of Pissings come from the Constitution of the Reins and Bladder The Constitution of the Reins and Bladder As when there is exquisite sense in the bladder which being pricked by the urin sends it forth before the time And this may be the cause why Children piss a bed except they be raised at night And if to this exquisite sense there be a sharpness of Urin it will be rendered oftner and sooner scaul'd as shal be shewed A Natural Heat of the Kidneys may cause more Heat and weakness of the Kidneys is the cause of often Pissing and oftner Pissing because heat makes a sooner separation As also weakness when the retentive Faculty cannot retain the Urin long enough This is often from the Birth through want of heat or from the loosness and softness of the Vessels or from much drinking Or from immoderate Venery which weakens these parts When the Bladder is weak loose or soft there is often Pissing Or when it is over-stretched and too thin which is from the birth in some or from long retention of Urin in Assemblies Also strong Imaginations in a Dream may cause this when they dream they piss in a convenient place which stirres up the expulsive Faculty When the retentive Faculty is weakned by a cold distemper in the reins and bladder there is often Pissing A cold Distemper of the Reins is the Cause of often Pissing this is from external cold so cold at the Feet by consent of these parts may cause Pissing Many think that Diabetes comes from a hot distemper but the Reins are many times hot without that distemper And if the Reins were very much inflamed pissing would not be increased but diminished or suppressed and the attractive vertue rather destroyed then increased Moreover though there be Thirst and Consumption with the Diabetes or often Pissing yet it is not proved to come from the heat of the reins Because thirst may come from want of moisture through continual pissing And the heat of the whole Body cannot be kindled only from the heat of the Reins without an Inflammation whence pissing will be diminished neither can the Body be consumed thereby Therefore there is another cause of Diabetes which is seldom seen
Dysury As from the matter which comes from Ulcers in the Reins and other corruption in foul Bodies ripened by the heat of the Reins These may cause burning and matterry urin together Matter without Ulceration causeth foul Urin without other accident except heavyness in the Reins Corrupt Urin from matter like milk is like the former except the colour when there is also heat which though it come from the Reins as the other is more salt as appears when it is dry being like white salt in colour and tast And I collect that it comes from the saltness of the Serum in the Reins made thick and concocted because when it is more hard it turns to sand or a stone as we shewed in the Stone From Seed in Men Seed out of its place is the Cause of scalding Urin. moved from its place and not sent forth pricking and burning may come scalding urin for seed by Nature is sharp and in its one place it doth no hurt as Choler in the Gall but going forth and sticking in the passage it corrodes and exulcerates which causeth heat of urin As it is in them who have nocturnal Imaginations or diurnal Lusts which stirs up the Seed without action or spending This is in old men from the little quantity of seed and insufficient extension of the Yard and in sick people and causeth scalding Urin. In a venemous Gonorrhaea the same happens from corrupt Seed Corrupt Seed is the Cause of ââalding urin in the Running of the Reins so that it runs not only from the sharpness but also corrodeth the passage especially when any part sticks by the way and causeth scalding Urin. There is a dropping of Urin with pain and desiring to piss A Stone in the bladder is the cause of hot urin from a stone in the neck of the bladder which pricketh and iâ it be great is burdensom These Stones fall first from the Kidneys by the Ureters into the Bladder and there being kept they increase dayly by the Urin which washeth them As we shewed in the Causes of the Stone of the Kidneys And in Hypochondriack Pains where we shewed how sand and stones which are the causes of preternatural Pissing grow in the Kidneys and somtimes in the Liver There comes Pissing of Blood from the Solution of Continuity in the Reins and Bladder The Solution of Continuity in the Kidneys Bladder is the cause of Pissing of Blood when the substance of the Reins is wounded or bruised But usually from a Stone in the Kidneys which rubbs and chaffs them till they bleed which blood is mixed with water and pissed forth and separateth from the urin to the bottom when it is settled But if the urin be too long in the bladder then it is so mixed with blood that it will not be separated This also happens when a stone moved from its place cannot get forth but by forcing a passage bruiseth the Reins with its hardness or unevenness or when it is forced by external motion through the pressing of the Reins by which means the Hypochondria are also troubled and so causeth bleeding within which blood being rendered with the urin signifieth the stone in the Reins especially if there be other signs therewith And if there be an Ulcer in the Kidneys therewith the Stone by chaffing it causeth it to void not only matter but blood A Stroak in the Bladder or a Wound piercing to it may cause bloody Urin or a touch with a Catheter which is an Instrument to let out urin Also a stone striving to pass the neck of the bladder may cause bloody urin and then onely some few drops come after the urin is made with great pain And t his is one of the infaillible signs of the Stone When the Sphincter Muscle which is the Cause of the stopping of the Urin is wounded A Wound upon the Sphincter muscle of the bladder is the cause of involuntary Pissings there is involuntary Pissing as is usual in cutting for the Stone and though the wound be cured yet by reason of the hurt of the Muscle the urin cannot be contained Somtimes there is a preternatural flux of the urin from a wound of the bladder A Wound in the bladder is the cause of urin passing that way not only by the cutting for the stone but by other external means As when there is an Incision made for a fleshy rupture in the Groin as I shewed in the want of Pissing how one alwayes pissed that way And we saw one that gored with an Ox whose horn pierced through his bladder that voided urin at both Orifices And this may be from any other Wound in the Bladder From an Ulcer in the Kidneys followeth a pissing of Matter with urin An Vlcer in the Reins is the cause of pissing matter which settleth at the bottom which causeth pain in pissing if it be sharp with other accidents The cause of the Ulcer is an Inflammation Those Causes of Solution of Continuity in the substance of the Reins mentioned may cause pissing of blood if the wound be not cured but turn'd to an Ulcer When there is a wound in the neck or bottom of the bladder The Ulcer of the bladder is the cause of pissing hot matter there is pissing of Matter with Urin and somtimes without where the wound is in that part of the neck which is farther from the bladder This matter makes the urin stink Or is pressed with difficulty and sticks to the bottom of the chamber-pot And then there is hot pissing because the ulcer is disturbed and then the matter is sharp This Ulcer comes from a wound That strange pissing of the Dung and Bones mentioned Hurt of the neck of the bladder is the cause of pissing of dung bones or terms comes from an Ulcer in the neck of the bladder This Ulcer comes from a Wound in the neck of the womb or strait Gut which eats into the bladder And hence womens terms are mixed with Urin. Somtimes Blood is pissed from solution of contiguity by Anastomosis or Diapedesis of the Vessels The Anastomosis or Diapedesis of the Veins of the Reins is the cause of pissing of blood when through plenty of blood or founlness thereof in Plethory or Diseases from thence Nature purgeth blood from the emulgent veins into the Reins and from thence by the Ureters into the Bladder And then the blood is voided without pain or other distemper And as I shewed Feavers have been cured thereby but seldom And it is probable in the wench that had the plague and pissed blood before she died that Nature was stirred up by the force of the venom to throw it out that wayes which it could not compleat The thinness of the blood is the Cause of the Anastomosis or Diapedesis of the Vessels of the Reins which causeth pissing of blood By which means before the blood is separated from the Serum in the Kidneys Guts
of the Belly that hath pierced the Guts The Cure of Excrements voided by wounds and and Fistula's the wound must be cured And if it be deadly as usually it is when great or if the Excrements fall with Blood into the hollow of the Belly then it ends with death But if the wound be turned into a fistulated Ulcer then the Excretion is permanent and incurable But if this wound not only in the skin and flesh but in the Guts grow together by a Callus as we have seen or by the flesh that grows near to it As we shewed in Wounds of the Bladder This filthy Excretion may be cured and the Patient may live And in these desparate wounds if they be large so that you may see the Guts that are wounded or if you enlarge them you may put in a silver Pipe or rather of Lead and bind the Gut strongly thereupon which hath saved many from their Graves CHAP. XII Of filthy Excretions The Kinds VVHen other Excrements besides those mentioned come from the Body they are preternatural as from the parts following There is alwayes Filth in the Ears Filth from the Ears and it comes not forth but by being taken out it is commonly like wax yellow and thick somtimes hard and discoloured other wayes This causeth Itching when there is much and hinders Hearing as we shewed in the Hurt of Hearing There is somtimes Filth in the Nostrils that is thick moist or dry white yellow Filth from the Nose or black sticking so that it cannot be taken off without hurt or filling the Nose of an ugly aspect when it is forth And esepecially when Children or other nasty people swallow it Besides Matter and Tears there is thick Filth from the Eyes white or yellowish Filth in the Eyes in bleareyed people and others as I shewed in the Diseases of the Eyes Filth sticketh in the Corners of the Mouth which are called in Latin Bridles Filth in the corners of the Mouth and ulcerateth it it continues long Sometimes in sluttish women there is Filth in the Privities besides other Fluxes Filth in the Womb. and also in the Glans of Mens yards that is covered with the Fore-skin which causeth a stink Filth sticketh in many places to the Skin Filth from the Skin thin and thick which makes a stink like that of a Goat called in high Dutch Brietelen as if by long continuance in a place like a Hen hatching of Eggs they had contracted it They who have sweating Feet have filth and stink this is usual Filth between the Toes especially in Summer which is offensive to their Companions And between the Toes there is thick black Filth that stinketh As also under the Arms and in other hairy places where it easily sticketh The Teeth are often foule all over Filth of the Teeth or at the Roots And the Filth is either soft like Pap or yellow sometimes hard and like Gravel And somtimes they are black as with Soote The Causes The Colour and Bitterness shews Choler is the cause of filth in the Ears that Choler is the cause of the Filth of the Ears This Choler comes with water or whey into the cavity of the Ear and the water sweats out and the Choler grows thick And it appears that it comes not from the inward passage of the Ear because it hurts not the drum nor the hearing but by stopping the Ear outwardly The watery Humor which moistneth the Eyes and Ears Water is the cause of filth in the Ears Eyes Nostrils and Privities being made thick by continuance causeth the filth in the corners of the Eyes and the yellow filth in the ears And from Moisture especially if they have the Whites womens Privities smell strong And the filth between the Glans and Praepuce in men which stinketh and causeth Itching is from corruption of Seed or a slimy Humor And the same Humor dryed in the Nostrils by hot air causeth the filth there which sticks so close especially in the night if the Head lie back so that the moisture cannot come to the Nostrils From usual Vapors and Sweats which come from the Body Sweat causeth the filth in the Feet and Skin that smell strong like a Goat in slovenly people the skin grows foul and stinketh And Nature throws them to the extream parts whereby men that sweat have stinking Feet especially in Summer And when filth is long kept in strait places or hairy as in the Arm-holes Groyns Privities and between the Fingers and Toes it sends a noisom Scent Those fluffs that foul the Teeth being thick and clammy Meat is the cause of foul Teeth and Corners of the mouth come from Meat that is slimy and sticks thereto by chewing except they be rubbed and washed And also those in the Mouth that cause Ulcers if they be not cleansed come from the same Spittle being slimy fouls the Teeth Spittle is the cause of foul Teeth especially when the meat eaten makes it more tough or hot breath when the mouth shut dryeth it And when the teeth are idle and chew not any hard thing as bread which useth to cleanse them they are foul Hence it is that they which chew with one side of the mouth only have the other side filthy and that Filth grows hard like gravel discoloureth and maketh the teeth uneven And this may come from serous earthy matter in the Spittle growing to the Teeth As we shewed other Stones may grow especially where the Teeth are rough and about the Gumms and where they are worn This Filth will grow hard and over the teeth if they be not cleansed Also in the French Pox the Spittle defiled with Quick-silver which blacks the teeth and makes them loose From a hot Breath in hot Diseases Vapors are the cause of foul Teeth or malignant Vapors in the Plague the Teeth and Jawes may be likewise affected The Cure We shewed in the Hurt of Hearing how the Ears are to be cleansed The cure of Filth in the Ears The Eyes must be cleansed as in Epiphora and Tears And in the eyes The Filth in the Nostrils may be taken out with the Finger In the Nose if not let Milk or other Liquor be snuffed up first Filth must be wiped from the Mouth which the Spittle and Meat causeth In the corners of the mouth Or if there be an Ulcer it must be cured as the Ulcers of the Mouth It is taken of with water In the Skin especially if warm And if it is much by bathing And if it be too slimy and tough greasie and stinking it must be washed of with cleansers and oyly things As with Lye of Ashes with Lime somtimes if we will have it stronger which hath also a fat Slime besides its cleansing vertue Soap is of the same force being made of ashes Lime and Suet boyled hard adding a sweet scent as Orris roots Oyl is
shewed the force in Elephantiasis And for Figgs they thought from the likeness of the seeds to Lice that they bred them but were deceived VVashing often with Lye rubbing and combing the Head is good to take away Grease and Dandrough and in other parts of the Body VVe use strong Dryers and Cleansers to the Disease it self to kill the Lice and take away filth that breeds them which are bitter or sharper They cannot do it by being taken inwards But some eat Garlick or drink it with the Decoction of Organ to kill Lice and Worms And some Countrey-fellows eat Garlick to keep off the flies Outward things are best to kill them and take away Itching as Lotions for the Head and other parts As this Take Birthwort one ounce and an half Hellebore roots half an ounce Beets Arsmart Wormwood Horehound Tamarisk Tops of the lesser Centaury each one handful Staphisager Lupins each half an ounce Berries of the Spindle-tree and Agarick two drams boyl them in Lye And wash the part affected It is stronger with Salt Allum or Niter or Vinegar especially of Squills When we wash the Head we use things proper for it as Bettony Sage French Lavender For Lice in the Eye-brows wash with Vinegar and Aloes and Salts A Pouder to drive Lice from the Hair Take Staphisager two drams Salt three drams Aloes one dram Cinnabar two drams The Oyntment also of Quick-silver mentioned is best here for it kills infaillibly all sorts of Lice and Itch. It may be thus made Take Quick-silver one dram Turpentine two drams Hoggs grease Butter or Oyl six drams make an Oyntment Or instead of Quick-silver use two drams of Cinnabar which is made of Quick silver and Brimstone Or for the Lice in the Hands use one dram of Sublimate instead of Quick-silver There are other Oyntments of Staphisager and Grease Thus Take Staphisager half an ounce white Hellebore one dram and an half Pepper Niter each one dram Grease Butter or Oyl with a little Wax make a Liniment To these add some of that with Quick-silver or one dram of Sandarck The usual Oyntment in shops is this Take Staphisager white Hellebore Salt Quick-silver Hoggs grease Oyl of Bayes Soap and Vinegar Another Oyntment of bitter things Take Aloes two drams Myrrh Gum of Ivy each one dram Hogs gall or of an Ox one dram and an half Quick-brimstone Allum each one dram Oyl of Wormwood or bitter Almonds as much as will make a Liniment A Paste made of Ox gall or other Gall and Meal of Lupins and held in the Hands long kills the worms there The linnen Clouts that Gold-smiths use when they guild Silver with Gold and Quick-silver applied to the part kill Lice insaillibly The Fume of Henbane seed taken into the Palm of the Hands kills the worms there But we suppose it rather allayes the Itch as anointing with the Oyl of Henbane seed or Poppies or Syrup of Poppies or a little Opium dissolved in Aqua vitae Smoak your Cap with Tobacco and the Lice will be killed Also Tobacco ashes and Piss cureth Crab-lice The worms in the Hands are picked out with a needle not thrust in deep to wet the part and hinder the sight of them And then wash the Hands with Wine or Vinegar Salt Allum or Niter often A very fine Comb will take them out of the Head Or a rubbing Brush which is invented for that purpose with which Women daily cleanse their Childrens Heads CHAP. XIV Of the Voiding of living Creatures or Animata The Kinds THose Bodies are called Animate which live are nourished and grow like Plants and yet have no sense or motion They are preternatural and so is the Voiding of them These are chiefly from the Womb and the Fundament There is an insensible and unmoving Body called a Mole sent forth from the womb A Mole without shape being soft flesh without bones full of veins covered with a skin Somtimes it is more membranous and still without shape such as I saw voided by a woman through the use of a Pessary after eigteen years barrenness Somtimes it is like a Sea-star as I have seen and cast into the water to the great amazement of the Beholders and somtimes it is of other forms This casting forth of a Mole is like a mischance or abortion before or after the time with such striving and voiding of blood And the accidents before are like those of Women with Child We spake of the Tumor of the Mole and its accidents and causes in the Tumors of the Belly The like but seldom come from the Fundament The long Membrane from the guts called Fascia The broad worm or fillet of the Guts called Taenia of divers kinds One is like a long Ribband like the smal Guts as long as they but not hollow a fingers breadth this they cal a flat worm but it is a Taenia or Fillet of the guts nothing like a worm nor is it alive or moveth coming forth so long that the Patient is frighted least his Guts should come forth In which there are black stroaks a fingers space distant all a long like the Vertebrae or Spondils This Taenia The Gourd-worm though very long is of many little parts which may be divided and they are like the Seeds of Gourds and are so called from thence This is seldom whole but in pieces every one of which is called a Gourd-worm but they are only pieces of the long Fillet or Fascia There is another kind of Taenia as long as the rest The Ligula or round point from the Guts but not so broad round like a worm and even called Ligula or a point it moveth not seldom seen from men but usually from doggs whol or broken not coming forth till it be drawn out There are no accidents of this Disease but the sudden fright and the Patient is well Except there be a greediness before and a heaviness in the Belly And if any part remain and stink the Symptoms are worse then if worms died in the Belly The Causes The Cause of these Bodies breeding is either Seed or Chyle VVe shewed in the Swelling of the Belly Conceiving of imperfect Seed is the cause of a Mole that imperfect Seed caused a Mole And the cause of voiding it is that of Abortion the expulsive faculty of Nature burdned with the preternatural weight which divideth the Vessels by which it grows to the womb and sends it forth the proper way And the sooner when there is external help Of which we spake in Abortion As we shewed long worms bred of Chyle that is too thick or fat The Chyle is the cause of the Taenia and Gourd-worm so if it be so much that it be in the thin Guts from the Stomach to the Colon growing thereto that Membrane called a Taenia is caused This Chyle is not in the whole compass of the Guts but in some part as broad as it comes forth only there where the
Guts are fastned to the Mesentery al a long and is turned into these Taeniae which are not alive as worms Therefore they are somtimes as long as the small Guts But they cannot grow in the thick Guts where the Excrements are and no Chyle is and from whence they will be expelled but not from the thin Guts which contain moist and fluid matter that may pass by Hence it is that they may be long without any hurt but heaviness of the Guts and hunger because they are nourished with much Chyle till by violent motion they fall off wholly or in part into the thick Guts and are voided whole or in pieces as when the Chyle grows by parcells to the Guts The plenty of clammy Chyle in the Guts is the cause which is seldom seen as also the Disease And the worse Symptomes are when they come not clean away but stay behind and putresie The Cure The way to cure a Mole in the Belly of a Woman is to prevent it The Cure of a Mole and to expel it before it grow too big For then it is difficult and dangerous by reason of great bleeding which it causeth VVe use preventions when we know women have had them before they conceive or use man you must labor to know which seed is imperfect by considering both constitutions and if both be out of health to prescribe them a good Diet and convenient Medicines The woman must be let blood if there be Plethory and purged If there be superfluous Humors or evil and the womb strengthened and the rather if the Disease come from the weakness and want of natural heat in the womb which cannot conveniently cherish the Seed conceived Those are prescribed in Barrenness and Whites and other Diseases of the womb Among which hot Baths are excellent VVhen a Mole is bred of Seed as we shewed in the Swelling of the Belly we must hinder its growth and labour to expel it But we must not use violent Medicines before we know the certainty of a false Conception and only take away a little Nourishment by Blood-letting and so hinder the growth and purge away other filth with which Nature may discharge the Mole also and we not fear thus doing to cause an abortion if it should be a true Conception for many women with child have been safely purged and had Diarrhae's because Nature is not so ready to cast forth things Natural as unnatural which are burthensom But if we are certain that it is a Mole by many tokens such as women have formerly had in the same Or if the time of delivery be past and the swelling and hardness remaineth then we must give and apply put in and inject into the womb things that may expel it And open the passages All which we must first attempt with the same things that we provoke terms with and then with those that expel a dead Child and Secundine and use a Midwise if it appear and need be to use manual Operation Or if all fail we must make Incision into the womb at the belly All these Operations are shewed in the want of Terms and difficulty of Travail The Taeniae or long Membranes The Cure of Taeniae and Gourd-worms whereof one is broad called the broad Worm the other made of many Joynts called the Gourd-worm a third is round like other worms if they grow in the thin Guts which is seldom they lye very long and being they are not certainly known they are neglected But if they be suspected to be there from stretching heaviness and great appetite then they must be expelled and kept from breeding again And the rather because they seem monstrous like Serpents They are cured thus Before they breed the matter must be diverted that breeds them and cleansed But when they are bred and grown to the Guts you must use strong Cleansers to take them off and Purges It is needful to give things against worms though they have neither life nor sense as worms have The Diet and Medicines must be as follow The Chyle must be made moderate and thin like Milk by taking away the increase and clamminess thereof and by cleansing it that it stick not and this will keep them from breeding It must be such as was ordered in the Cure of Worms by eating Garlick Nuts bitter and sharp Herbs Salt and spiced Meats Mustard and taking Wormwood-wine Purges force these from the Guts and when they are corrupted drive them out and cleanse being commonly bitter or sharp They are mentioned in the Cure of the Worms the best whereof are those of Aloes and Wormwood and sharp things often given To which you may add Tartar or Niter to cleanse There are divers Cleansers which take away the Matter that breeds them and them also and hinders their return or if they return make them sooner fall off and come forth They were mentioned in the Cure of Worms As the Pouders simple and Compound that are good here by reason of their bitterness and cleansing To which Dioscorides adds the Seed of great Sun-flower and Gith seeds Also many Decoctions there mentioned are good here and Syrups Juyces and Conserves VVormwood is best with other bitter things as Centaury and Horehound Also Urin Lye pickle or Brine drunk do cleanse much Also Wine or Water with some few drops of Oyl of Vitriol Clysters reach not to the thin Guts where these Ribbands are fixed and therefore cleanse not so well as things taken down at the Mouth But if some pieces of them are fallen into the thick Guts they will carry them forth and their cleansing quality may reach to the small Guts if they be often administred And for that cleansing quality you may give bitter things that kill worms Also Oyls Oyntments and Emplasters and Cataplasms mentioned against worms are good here to be applied to the Belly being bitter sharp and cleansing and they will in process of time do very much good CHAP. XV. Of the Voiding of earthy Bodies The Kinds THe earthy Bodies that grow in Man are Sand or Mud Stones hard and soft and they are preternatural as also their Voiding They come from divers parts of the Body which shall be mentioned from some often from other parts seldom or very rarely Many piss Sand or Gravel Sand pissed forth Stones pissed forth with and without another Disease Also Stones are pissed forth forcibly and this follows the pain in the Kidneys in the Cure of which these were mentioned Somtimes Blood or stoppage of Urin went afore or burning of Urin or slimy Matter As was shewed in those Excretions Somtimes there is a muddy white matter with the Urin with signs of the stone in the Bladder The Gravel in the Eyes There is often in the Corners of the Eyes and in the Eye-brows a sandie rough Matter brittle and yellow which sticks to the Hair in the night when the Eyes are shut so that the Eyes are hard to be closed as
we shewed in the Diseases of the Eyes Somtimes a stone as big as a pease hath been blown out at the Nose A Stone blown from the Nose white and brittle which we keep in the treasury of our Physical Rarities Not only I A Stone hawked forth but others have known stones to be hawked forth with a cough some white some brittle and hard round long or broad equal and unequal And a great difficulty of breathing hath gone before in which Disease as was shewed Stones are oftner kept then voided I keep by me some such that were voided by a comely widdow that was marryed to one in a Consumption that infected her Of which I spake she voided them with great pain and coughing Somtimes other Stones have come from the Mouth Stones under the Tongue In the Jawes Stones voided by stool as from a swelling under the Tongue called the Frog or from a swelling in the Jawes I keep at home a stone that was voided by stool and another that came forth of a Horse that dunged A famous Physitian of our time A stony Birth saith publickly in writing and told me that a Woman was delivered of a Child hard as a Stone Somtimes they grow in the Pores of the skin and are taken out Stones fixed in the Skin as in the Face I keep one by me that was taken out of the Sole of the Foot One had a little Stone taken out of the white of his Eye with a Needle Stones in the ball of the Eye and he brought it to me There are often scales which cover the Teeth Gravel upon the Teeth like Scales and they are chiefly about the Roots As we shewed in the Gout Stones from the knots of the Gout stones are often taken out of the Nodes thereof Stones are cut out of the Bladder by a Wound made in the Perinaeum Stones from the Bladder From a Wound in the Groyne Stones from the Fistula when a fleshy Rupture was cut which turned into a Fistula there came as I shewed Sand and Stones with the Urin a long time The Causes VVe shewed in the Pain of the Reins from the Stone that Sand and Gravel and Stones came from a earthy Matter and Flegm especially that which is mixed with water fastned in dry parts And when other earthy Matter is gathered and fixed in certain Excrements or parts it may do the same because we find by Experience that wood and bones out of the Body may be turned to stones and such are found in the Body And we shall now shew how they breed in divers parts of the Body As we shewed in the Causes of the Stone An earthy Matter in the Kidneys is the cause of the stone there comes sand and stones by urin from the Kidneys rather then other parts and they are from an earthy Matter fastned to them And they fall from thence into the Bladder by the Ureters and if they stay there as great stones do and increase by the earthy part of the urin Sand fallen into the Bladder the cause of pissing of Sand Stones there is the stone of the Bladder If they go farther they are pissed forth Otherwise they must be cut forth Which we shewed was done by chance from a wound in the Groine VVe shewed in Diseases of the Liver that Gravel might grow there The earthy matter of the Liver is the cause of Sand that is pissed of gravel by reason of the Serum that pierced into the Vessels from which it might pass with the Urin to the Reins and so to the Bladder but stones cannot pass that way Also Gravel is bred in the Eyes The sandy Matter in the Eyes is the cause of Gravel from water that continually moistneth them Or it is brought thither with tears if they be hot and sharp or earthy And in sound Eyes this sandy Matter is gathered in the Corners of the Eyes and Eye-brows at night when the Eyes are shut And in diseased Eyes if there be tears and heat as in Epiphora is shewed From the same Cause come little Stones when sand is fixed in the hard Tunicle of the Eye In the Cavities of the Nostrils from the Earthyness of the water and flegm Earthy Matter growing to the Nose which flows from the Brain proceeds the stone that was blown out For though stones are found in the Brain yet cannot they get that way through the narrow passages VVe shewed in Asthma the Cause of a Stone in the Lungs An earthy Matter in the Lungs is the cause of Stones VVhen Matter lyes long and grows hard in the Guts from the Serum which wetteth them with the Excrements The Cause of Stones in the Guts is thick matter that groweth in them a Stone may be caused there But it is not much regarded because it passeth with the Excrements without pain And this is probable to be in a man for I saw the same voided by a Horse Other things turned into Stone may be from an earthy salt Matter taken in and hardned with the Excrements The rare bringing forth of a stony Child The earthy salt Matter in the womb is the cause of a stony Child comes from an earthy salt Matter in the womb which turns it to stone even as other things are turned to stone out of the Body VVhen Earthyness is in the Serum in divers Pores of the Body An earthy Matter in the Pores is the cause of the Stone there it causeth Stones by being externally dryed This is most in the Face when it is exposed to hot and dry Air. The same is the cause of a Stone in the Eye VVe shewed in Tumors The earthy Matter of Tumors is the cause of stones under the tongue in the Jawes and the Gout And the Filth of the Teeth is the cause of Scales how stones grew under the tongue and in the Gout And the same may be in other Tumors VVe shewed also in Filth how from the Slime and Filth of the Teeth Scales and Gravel grew The Cure The Cure of Stones is to be after some have been voided or other signs have discovered them from whence we conjecture that they may grow again For that they are seldom if they will not go of themselves they must be taken out The voiding of Stones by Urin is not to be stopped but furthered The preventing and Cure of the Stone in the Bladder or Gravel and the growth must be hindered And if a stone stick in the Bladder it must be taken out A Caution must be for the prevention of the Stone in the Bladder as in the Reins As we shewed in the Pain of the Kidneys The Gravel grows first in the Reins and falls from thence into the Bladder And the beginning of them must be prevented in the reins And then the stone in the Bladder will not grow so fast For the Cure of the