be_v as_o much_o hide_v from_o he_o as_o the_o mystery_n of_o it_o which_o he_o treat_v of_o be_v from_o other_o and_o though_o he_o talk_v that_o he_o have_v well_o consider_v the_o law_n of_o motion_n and_o the_o force_n of_o nature_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o determine_v what_o proportion_n of_o motion_n there_o be_v in_o two_o body_n who_o bulk_n and_o velocity_n be_v give_v one_o can_v neither_o be_v the_o wise_a or_o better_a for_o what_o he_o have_v write_v except_o to_o be_v convince_v of_o the_o reasonableness_n and_o excellency_n of_o modesty_n and_o humility_n see_v his_o attempt_n be_v as_o unsuccessful_a as_o they_o be_v shameful_o impudent_a and_o yet_o his_o book_n must_v have_v the_o sacred_a name_n of_o evangelium_fw-la prefix_v to_o it_o for_o which_o the_o divine_n shall_v severe_o chastise_v he_o to_o who_o i_o leave_v he_o i_o wonder_v therefore_o why_o mr._n wotton_n in_o his_o reflection_n on_o ancient_a and_o modern_a learning_n 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other_o planet_n can_v move_v in_o a_o vortex_n so_o that_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o vortex_n be_v ruin_v the_o whole_a cartesian_a system_fw-la mus_fw-la of_o necessity_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o world_n who_o origination_n he_o pretend_v to_o have_v deduce_v from_o mechanical_a principle_n must_v be_v a_o wild_a chimaera_n of_o his_o own_o imagination_n i_o can_v pass_v without_o reflect_v upon_o another_o great_a error_n in_o the_o cartesian_a philosophy_n which_o he_o commit_v pure_o for_o want_n of_o due_a observation_n and_o that_o be_v his_o reason_n why_o at_o the_o moon_n opposition_n or_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n the_o tide_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o at_o her_o quadrature_n to_o explain_v this_o he_o make_v the_o moon_n move_v round_o the_o earth_n in_o a_o ellipsis_n in_o who_o centre_n the_o earth_n be_v place_v so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n the_o moon_n will_v have_v two_o apogeon_n and_o two_o perigeon_n and_o he_o say_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o one_o of_o her_o perigeon_n always_o at_o the_o time_n of_o her_o opposition_n or_o conjunction_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v she_o press_v then_o more_o strong_o upon_o the_o sea_n than_o she_o do_v at_o her_o quadrature_n at_o which_o time_n according_a to_o he_o she_o be_v always_o in_o one_o of_o her_o apogeon_n and_o therefore_o her_o pressure_n must_v be_v weak_a all_o this_o be_v so_o notorious_o false_a that_o there_o be_v no_o almanac-maker_n but_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a and_o if_o he_o have_v but_o in_o the_o least_o consider_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o moon_n he_o may_v easy_o have_v see_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v as_o often_o in_o her_o apogeon_n at_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n as_o she_o be_v in_o her_o perigeon_n at_o that_o time_n though_o it_o seldom_o happen_v at_o the_o lunation_n that_o she_o be_v exact_o in_o either_o by_o this_o it_o may_v sufficient_o enough_o appear_v that_o the_o most_o ingenious_a thought_n in_o the_o cartesian_a philosophy_n be_v false_a and_o disagreeable_a to_o nature_n which_o i_o have_v show_v not_o only_o because_o the_o philosopher_n of_o that_o sect_n have_v pretend_v to_o so_o very_o great_a thing_n as_o to_o give_v a_o true_a account_n of_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o nature_n whilst_o they_o understand_v so_o very_o little_a that_o they_o have_v not_o give_v we_o a_o right_a explication_n of_o any_o one_o thing_n but_o also_o because_o mr._n des_n cartes_n the_o author_n of_o that_o sect_n be_v the_o first_o who_o introduce_v the_o fancy_n of_o make_v a_o world_n and_o deduce_v the_o origination_n of_o the_o universe_n from_o mechanical_a principle_n which_o notion_n have_v be_v so_o stiff_o maintain_v by_o his_o admirer_n that_o by_o it_o they_o have_v give_v the_o ignorant_a atheist_n for_o so_o be_v most_o of_o that_o persuasion_n some_o plausible_a pretence_n for_o their_o incredulity_n without_o any_o real_a ground_n but_o of_o all_o philosopher_n those_o have_v do_v religion_n the_o least_o service_n who_o have_v not_o only_o assert_v that_o the_o world_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o mechanism_n without_o the_o extraordinary_a concurrence_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n but_o also_o that_o all_o the_o great_a change_n which_o have_v happen_v to_o it_o such_o as_o the_o deluge_n and_o other_o great_a effect_n deliver_v to_o we_o as_o miracle_n by_o the_o sacred_a writer_n be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o natural_a cause_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o account_v for_o these_o contriver_n of_o deluge_n have_v furnish_v the_o atheist_n with_o a_o argument_n which_o upon_o their_o supposition_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o answer_v as_o theory_n be_v make_v which_o be_v this_o the_o world_n they_o will_v say_v be_v never_o either_o make_v or_o create_v by_o god_n in_o time_n but_o do_v exist_v from_o all_o eternity_n without_o any_o change_n or_o alteration_n but_o such_o
as_o happen_v from_o pure_a mechanical_a principle_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o true_a reason_n why_o there_o remain_v no_o record_n or_o tradition_n of_o fact_n do_v in_o the_o time_n beyond_o four_o or_o five_o thousand_o year_n be_v because_o there_o have_v happen_v a_o deluge_n the_o memory_n of_o which_o be_v still_o preserve_v and_o this_o deluge_n be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o natural_a cause_n do_v sweep_v away_o all_o mankind_n and_o with_o they_o the_o memorial_n of_o all_o former_a age_n only_o a_o couple_n of_o ignorant_a country_n people_n some_o way_n or_o other_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o universal_a catastrophe_n and_o from_o their_o offspring_n the_o earth_n be_v again_o replenish_v and_o art_n and_o science_n invent_v which_o our_o forefather_n before_o that_o deluge_n understand_v more_o perfect_o than_o we_o do_v now_o this_o they_o will_v tell_v you_o be_v their_o hypothesis_n and_o they_o will_v not_o be_v beat_v easy_o from_o it_o since_o it_o 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they_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v can_v never_o have_v rise_v from_o the_o cause_n they_o assign_v this_o i_o intend_v to_o do_v by_o show_v that_o their_o theory_n be_v neither_o consonant_n to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o motion_n nor_o to_o the_o acknowledge_a principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n of_o that_o philosophy_n i_o mean_v which_o be_v found_v upon_o observation_n and_o calculation_n both_o which_o be_v undoubted_o the_o most_o certain_a principle_n that_o a_o philosopher_n can_v build_v upon_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o a_o system_fw-la of_o natural_a philosophy_n can_v be_v frame_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o both_o for_o without_o observation_n we_o can_v never_o know_v the_o appearance_n and_o force_n of_o nature_n and_o without_o geometry_n &_o arithmetic_n we_o can_v never_o discover_v whether_o the_o cause_n we_o assign_v be_v proportional_a to_o the_o effect_n we_o pretend_v to_o explain_v this_o the_o various_a system_n of_o the_o philosopher_n do_v evident_o show_v which_o be_v by_o far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o truth_n than_o they_o be_v from_o one_o another_o and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v appear_v yet_o plain_o by_o the_o follow_a examination_n of_o dr._n burnet_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o though_o it_o have_v be_v publish_v many_o year_n and_o have_v be_v animadvert_v upon_o by_o several_a yet_o it_o have_v not_o be_v so_o full_o refute_v as_o it_o may_v have_v be_v nor_o have_v any_o one_o show_v the_o great_a mistake_n in_o it_o nay_o mr._n erasmus_n warren_n who_o have_v write_v the_o great_a volume_n against_o it_o in_o my_o opinion_n have_v speak_v the_o least_o sense_n about_o it_o he_o begin_v his_o discourse_n with_o a_o say_n of_o a_o old_a heathen_a that_o philosophy_n be_v the_o great_a gift_n that_o ever_o god_n bestow_v on_o man_n which_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v since_o he_o have_v be_v at_o so_o much_o pain_n to_o make_v a_o panegyric_n on_o the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v plain_a to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o read_v his_o book_n that_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o bestow_v but_o very_o little_a of_o that_o great_a gift_n upon_o he_o and_o that_o the_o world_n may_v not_o think_v that_o this_o be_v say_v out_o of_o ill_a nature_n and_o without_o ground_n i_o will_v give_v they_o a_o taste_n of_o his_o philosophy_n geometry_n or_o geography_n call_v it_o which_o you_o please_v he_o design_n to_o calculate_v how_o much_o cold_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v if_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n than_o if_o it_o be_v perfect_o spherical_a to_o do_v which_o he_o suppose_v that_o a_o circle_n form_v into_o a_o moderate_a oval_n will_v have_v its_o pole_n at_o least_o a_o forty_o part_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o if_o it_o be_v perfecty_a spherical_a 116._o now_o according_a to_o this_o proportion_n allow_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v 7000._o mile_n in_o diameter_n and_o add_v a_o four_o part_n to_o render_v it_o oval_a viz._n 1750_o mile_n thickness_n the_o earth_n at_o each_o pole_n must_v bear_v above_o fourteen_o degree_n latitude_n more_o than_o if_o it_o have_v be_v round_o so_o that_o the_o hypothesis_n which_o remove_v its_o pole_n so_o much_o far_o from_o the_o sun_n must_v also_o allow_v the_o cold_a thereabouts_o to_o be_v proportionable_o augment_v and_o though_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o four_o degree_n of_o latitude_n as_o we_o must_v call_v it_o on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o be_v at_o the_o very_a pole_n there_o may_v have_v be_v a_o perpetual_a day_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n i_o ever_o hear_v that_o there_o can_v be_v more_o than_o ninety_o degree_n between_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o he_o think_v he_o have_v fair_o make_v it_o out_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o huâ—dred_o and_o four_o degree_n between_o they_o &_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v four_o hundred_o &_o sixteen_o degree_n in_o the_o whole_a circumference_n and_o then_o every_o right_a angle_n be_v only_o proportioonal_a to_o ninety_o degree_n there_o must_v be_v more_o than_o four_o right_a angle_n about_o one_o point_n and_o therefore_o the_o corollary_n of_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o the_o first_o of_o euclid_n must_v be_v false_a thus_o have_v that_o subtle_a philosopher_n not_o only_o subvert_v dr._n burnet_n theory_n but_o also_o euclid_n demonstration_n and_o that_o by_o a_o argument_n which_o the_o dull_a mathematician_n can_v never_o discover_v but_o i_o will_v leave_v euclid_n to_o his_o mercy_n and_o answer_v that_o part_n of_o his_o argument_n that_o concern_v the_o theory_n which_o be_v easy_o do_v if_o he_o will_v consider_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n distance_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n distance_n from_o the_o sun_n even_o though_o the_o earth_n be_v ten_o time_n more_o oval_a than_o he_o will_v have_v it_o be_v so_o very_o inconsiderable_a that_o it_o do_v almost_o bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a that_o a_o point_n do_v to_o a_o line_n for_o the_o mathematician_n know_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o a_o point_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o distance_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o two_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o sun_n centre_n to_o any_o two_o point_n of_o it_o be_v very_o near_o in_o a_o proportion_n of_o equality_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a distance_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n there_o can_v be_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a but_o i_o be_o afraid_a this_o be_v a_o little_a too_o far_o beyond_o mr._n warren_n capacity_n however_o to_o surprise_v he_o a_o little_a more_o i_o will_v tell_v he_o he_o be_v so_o far_o out_o in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o cold_a at_o the_o pole_n that_o though_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v much_o cold_a in_o the_o winter_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o summer_n yet_o be_v it_o some_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o mile_n near_o to_o the_o sun_n in_o winter_n than_o in_o summer_n if_o he_o please_v to_o consult_v the_o astronomer_n they_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o to_o he_o i_o beg_v mr._n warren_n pardon_n for_o bring_v he_o into_o this_o place_n i_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v favourable_a to_o he_o he_o be_v one_o of_o my_o associate_n against_o dr._n burnet_n but_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o produce_v he_o as_o a_o instance_n to_o show_v how_o unfit_a a_o man_n who_o understand_v no_o geometry_n be_v to_o write_v a_o book_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o theory_n i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o book_n of_o philosophy_n write_v with_o a_o more_o lofty_a and_o plausible_a stile_n than_o it_o be_v the_o noble_a and_o
and_o consequent_o the_o one_o will_v descend_v when_o the_o other_o can_v as_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o sphere_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v put_v into_o a_o oily_a fluid_n who_o resistance_n be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o descend_a body_n there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o former_a will_v swim_v in_o the_o latter_a now_o if_o another_o sphere_n of_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o fluid_a in_o gravity_n or_o force_n by_o which_o it_o will_v separate_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o fluid_a will_v be_v eight_o time_n great_a than_o the_o descend_a force_n of_o the_o former_a sphere_n and_o if_o in_o resistance_n be_v also_o eight_o time_n great_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o also_o can_v not_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n be_v always_o as_o i_o note_v before_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o descend_a body_n be_v only_o in_o the_o present_a case_n four_o time_n great_a which_o will_v not_o equal_v the_o force_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o therefore_o the_o sphere_n must_v descend_v so_o in_o our_o present_a case_n though_o some_o small_a grain_n of_o dust_n or_o earth_n may_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n yet_o these_o when_o increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o great_a many_o other_o which_o fall_v upon_o they_o augment_v their_o weight_n the_o same_o resistance_n continue_v and_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n beside_o this_o the_o earthy_a particle_n fall_v from_o a_o great_a height_n some_o of_o they_o descend_v from_o place_n as_o high_a as_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o theorist_n will_v have_v they_o must_v needs_o in_o their_o descent_n â—â—â—â—ire_v a_o very_a considerable_a degree_n of_o velocity_n with_o which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n they_o will_v not_o only_o by_o that_o force_n descend_v themselves_o but_o also_o carry_v down_o with_o they_o and_o condense_a whatsoever_o body_n they_o meet_v in_o their_o way_n or_o find_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n now_o that_o the_o force_n of_o a_o descend_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o perform_v this_o effect_n i_o think_v be_v clear_a to_o any_o who_o consider_v that_o a_o heavy_a body_n run_v down_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o a_o second_o and_o that_o the_o space_n through_o which_o it_o do_v move_v be_v always_o in_o duplicate_v proportion_n to_o its_o time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o galileo_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o riscioli_n from_o whence_o by_o calculation_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o a_o body_n will_v run_v down_o four_o thousand_o mile_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o three_o second_n abstract_v from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n but_o if_o we_o will_v suppose_v but_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o this_o space_n run_v through_o in_o that_o time_n allow_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o velocity_n will_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o swift_a bullet_n that_o can_v be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o cannon_n thus_o i_o think_v i_o have_v make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o earth_n after_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n can_v not_o rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n to_o form_v there_o a_o harden_a habitable_a 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o great_a gravity_n which_o the_o theorist_n acknowledge_v and_o be_v also_o plain_a by_o experience_n common_a earth_n be_v near_o twice_o as_o heavy_a as_o water_n but_o also_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o great_a force_n by_o which_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v upon_o the_o liquid_a orb_n which_o will_v carry_v they_o down_o towards_o the_o centre_n i_o hope_v now_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o think_v man_n plain_o impossible_a that_o either_o oil_n or_o water_n shall_v sustain_v such_o a_o immense_a heavy_a orb_n in_o which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o soft_a earth_n which_o in_o few_o place_n in_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o also_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n much_o heavy_a than_o water_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o great_a heavy_a body_n must_v have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n if_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o themselves_o and_o yet_o these_o body_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o outward_a earth_n i_o know_v the_o theorist_n do_v bold_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n but_o this_o be_v both_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o scripture_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v we_o that_o tuhal_v cain_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v a_o instructor_n of_o every_o artificer_n in_o brass_n and_o iron_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o there_o can_v be_v such_o artificer_n before_o the_o flood_n when_o according_a to_o he_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v as_o metal_n beside_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o build_v a_o ark_n that_o shall_v contain_v all_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o aerial_a animal_n without_o iron_n the_o american_n without_o any_o iron_n make_v themselves_o small_a cannoe_n of_o one_o solid_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o they_o hollow_v by_o burn_v but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a tree_n that_o be_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o ark_n and_o can_v contain_v so_o many_o animal_n as_o it_o do_v these_o thing_n do_v in_o my_o judgement_n plain_o show_v that_o the_o theorist_n opinion_n in_o this_o point_n be_v utter_o false_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d can_v never_o be_v deduce_v from_o a_o chaos_n by_o the_o sole_a help_n of_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o have_v eye_n though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o wise_a philosopher_n of_o another_o opinion_n that_o the_o land_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v also_o plain_o experience_v that_o common_a arable_a earth_n or_o clay_n be_v much_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o if_o we_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n or_o pit_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o matter_n there_o to_o be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o earth_n above_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o in_o a_o chaos_n the_o true_a change_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n be_v that_o if_o all_o be_v fluid_a the_o heavy_a &_o solid_a body_n will_v subside_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o centre_n every_o one_o take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o specific_a gravity_n so_o that_o the_o light_a body_n will_v always_o be_v force_v uppermost_o the_o earth_n therefore_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n must_v of_o necessary_a place_n itself_o nigh_o the_o centre_n and_o leave_v the_o water_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a orb._n thus_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o world_n can_v never_o be_v inhabit_v by_o any_o other_o animal_n than_o fish_n but_o in_o how_o much_o wise_a order_n than_o this_o have_v the_o great_a creator_n of_o the_o world_n place_v all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a gravity_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o make_v fit_a and_o habitable_a both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n without_o the_o help_n of_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n which_o will_v have_v produce_v the_o contrary_a effect_n several_a other_o argument_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fâ—â—me_n of_o this_o world_n be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o counsel_n and_o not_o of_o the_o necessary_a and_o essential_a law_n of_o motion_n and_o gravitation_n which_o can_v never_o have_v either_o make_v or_o support_v the_o world_n i_o always_o wonder_v at_o the_o wild_a and_o extravagant_a fancy_n of_o the_o philosopher_n who_o think_v that_o brute_n and_o stupid_a matter_n will_v by_o itself_o without_o some_o supreme_a and_o intelligent_a director_n fall_v into_o a_o regular_a and_o beautiful_a structure_n who_o part_n shall_v be_v so_o extreme_o well_o adapt_v to_o various_a use_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o 10_o the_o chap._n lib._n 2._o in_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n say_v he_o there_o be_v more_o of_o thought_n and_o contrivance_n more_o of_o exquisite_a invention_n and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n than_o be_v in_o all_o the_o temple_n palace_n ship_n theater_n or_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o architecture_n the_o world_n ever_o yet_o see_v and_o not_o architecture_n only_o but_o all_o other_o mechanism_n whatsoever_o engine_n
still_o there_o remain_v the_o final_a cause_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o which_o will_v do_v as_o well_o for_o our_o purpose_n for_o if_o i_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v as_o useful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o they_o be_v now_o to_o we_o and_o that_o in_o our_o present_a state_n they_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a not_o only_o for_o our_o well_o be_v but_o also_o for_o our_o bare_a subsistence_n i_o think_v from_o thence_o it_o will_v demonstrative_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o well_o as_o in_o we_o and_o therefore_o the_o groundless_a assertion_n of_o the_o theorist_n that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a be_v as_o false_a as_o it_o be_v bold_a and_o dare_a i_o know_v there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o man_n in_o this_o age_n who_o have_v exclude_v all_o final_a cause_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o philosopher_n as_o be_v unworthy_a of_o his_o enquiry_n suppose_v his_o business_n be_v only_o to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a formal_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v himself_o with_o the_o design_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o great_a end_n for_o which_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n make_v any_o thing_n but_o indeed_o these_o man_n have_v be_v so_o unhappy_a in_o their_o search_n that_o i_o dare_v bold_o say_v they_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o discover_v the_o true_a real_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v not_o know_v and_o better_o explain_v before_o though_o they_o have_v pretend_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o essence_n and_o formal_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n how_o the_o universe_n be_v form_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n but_o whatever_o they_o pretend_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o final_a cause_n be_v worthy_a of_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o man_n and_o much_o more_o of_o a_o philosopher_n by_o they_o we_o be_v lead_v into_o the_o admiration_n of_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n and_o discover_v his_o care_n and_o providence_n over_o the_o world_n by_o they_o we_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o world_n can_v never_o be_v make_v by_o chance_n but_o it_o must_v be_v a_o be_v of_o infinite_a wisdom_n that_o form_v it_o for_o such_o various_a use_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o by_o all_o wise_a and_o consider_a man_n they_o be_v much_o more_o to_o be_v value_v than_o efficient_a cause_n if_o they_o can_v be_v discover_v which_o only_o tell_v we_o how_o the_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o not_o the_o use_n for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o discover_v the_o use_n of_o every_o thing_n in_o the_o universe_n but_o from_o the_o admirable_a contrivance_n of_o those_o thing_n the_o use_n of_o which_o we_o do_v know_v and_o from_o the_o infinite_a wisdom_n of_o god_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o conclude_v that_o every_o thing_n in_o nature_n have_v its_o use_n and_o be_v in_o some_o manner_n serviceable_a to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a they_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o concern_v the_o usefulness_n of_o final_a cause_n may_v consult_v mr._n boyle_n of_o final_a cause_n mr._n ray_n wisdom_n of_o god_n in_o the_o work_n of_o the_o creation_n and_o some_o late_a ingenious_a essay_n upon_o the_o nature_n and_o evidence_n of_o faith_n by_o dr._n cockburn_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v but_o think_v it_o a_o strange_a and_o presume_a boldness_n in_o the_o theorist_n to_o assert_v that_o mountain_n be_v place_v in_o no_o order_n one_o with_o another_o that_o can_v either_o respect_n use_n or_o beauty_n and_o that_o if_o they_o be_v single_o consider_v they_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o any_o proportion_n of_o part_n that_o be_v referable_a to_o any_o design_n or_o have_v the_o least_o footstep_n of_o art_n or_o counsel_n notwithstanding_o this_o strange_a assertion_n i_o be_o sure_a if_o we_o be_v without_o these_o shapeless_a and_o ill_o figure_v old_a rock_n and_o mountain_n as_o he_o call_v they_o we_o shall_v soon_o find_v the_o want_n of_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o subsist_v or_o live_v without_o they_o for_o set_v aside_o the_o use_n they_o may_v have_v in_o the_o production_n of_o various_a plant_n and_o metal_n which_o be_v useful_a to_o mankind_n and_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complete_a whole_a and_o the_o food_n which_o they_o yield_v to_o several_a animal_n which_o be_v design_v by_o nature_n to_o live_v upon_o they_o the_o high_a hill_n be_v a_o refuge_n for_o the_o wild_a goat_n and_o the_o rock_n for_o the_o coney_n and_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o end_n they_o serve_v for_o in_o direct_v the_o inland_a wind_n and_o alter_v the_o weather_n in_o fence_v and_o bound_a empire_n and_o country_n in_o all_o which_o without_o doubt_n they_o do_v we_o very_o considerable_a service_n there_o be_v moreover_o one_o great_a and_o universal_a use_n which_o make_v they_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o subsistence_n of_o mankind_n for_o without_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a we_o shall_v have_v no_o river_n nor_o fresh_a current_n of_o water_n and_o consequent_o we_o shall_v want_v one_o of_o the_o great_a support_n of_o life_n this_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a mathematician_n and_o philosopher_n mr._n edmund_n halley_n have_v effectual_o prove_v in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n where_o he_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o spring_n and_o river_n from_o vapour_n 192._o that_o be_v raise_v copious_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o the_o wind_n be_v carry_v over_o the_o low_a land_n to_o the_o high_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v compel_v by_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o air_n to_o mount_v up_o with_o it_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o present_o precipitate_v gleet_v down_o by_o the_o cranny_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n enter_v into_o the_o cavern_n of_o those_o hill_n the_o water_n thereof_o gather_v as_o in_o a_o alembick_a into_o the_o bason_n of_o stone_n it_o find_v which_o be_v once_o fill_v all_o the_o overplus_n of_o water_n that_o come_v thither_o run_v over_o by_o the_o low_a place_n and_o break_v out_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n form_n single_a spring_n many_o of_o these_o run_v down_o by_o the_o valley_n or_o gut_n between_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o come_v to_o unite_v form_n little_a rivulet_n or_o brook_n many_o of_o these_o again_o meet_v in_o one_o common_a valley_n and_o gain_v the_o plain_a ground_n be_v grow_v less_o rapid_a become_v a_o river_n and_o many_o of_o these_o be_v unite_v in_o one_o common_a channel_n make_v such_o stream_n as_o the_o rhine_n the_o rhone_n and_o the_o danube_n which_o last_v one_o will_v hardly_o think_v the_o collection_n of_o water_n condense_v out_o of_o vapour_n unless_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a a_o tract_n of_o ground_n that_o river_n drain_v and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o spring_n which_o break_v out_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n &_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o immense_a ridge_n of_o the_o alps_n which_o be_v one_o continue_a chain_n of_o mountain_n from_o switzerland_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n so_o that_o it_o may_v almost_o pass_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o river_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o it_o evacuate_v be_v proportional_a to_o the_o length_n and_o height_n of_o the_o ridge_n from_o whence_o its_o fountain_n arise_v all_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v undeniable_o evident_a for_o that_o vapour_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o vast_a quantity_n as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o serve_v all_o the_o river_n the_o same_o ingenious_a mr._n halley_n have_v demonstrate_v by_o calculation_n but_o it_o be_v also_o demonstrable_a that_o these_o vapour_n be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o air_n in_o which_o they_o swim_v must_v follow_v its_o motion_n that_o be_v they_o must_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o wind_n over_o land_n until_o they_o meet_v with_o such_o a_o obstacle_n as_o a_o hill_n in_o their_o way_n which_o resist_v their_o motion_n where_o they_o must_v precipitate_v and_o gleet_v down_o by_o its_o side_n and_o so_o form_n rivers_n and_o spring_n all_o this_o be_v not_o only_o clear_a from_o reason_n but_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o same_o mr._n halley_n while_o he_o be_v at_o st._n helena_n as_o he_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n and_o now_o methinks_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o hill_n be_v so_o very_o far_o from_o be_v place_v in_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o art_n or_o
reason_n that_o i_o can_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v mr._n whistons_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o diurnal_a rotation_n before_o the_o fall_n to_o be_v probable_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v far_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o philosophy_n that_o the_o earth_n receive_v both_o its_o annual_a and_o diurnal_a motion_n at_o the_o same_o time_n viz._n when_o it_o be_v first_o create_v these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principle_n remark_n that_o i_o have_v make_v on_o the_o original_a state_n and_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v now_o brief_o consider_v his_o theory_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v in_o short_a thus_o he_o suppose_v that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o comet_n when_o it_o come_v below_o the_o moon_n will_v raise_v a_o vast_a and_o strong_a tide_n both_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n and_o in_o the_o abyss_n which_o be_v under_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o moon_n do_v at_o present_a in_o the_o ocean_n that_o this_o tide_n will_v begin_v to_o rise_v and_o increase_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o comet_n &_o will_v be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n when_o the_o comet_n be_v at_o its_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o tide_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o abyss_n will_v put_v on_o a_o elliptic_a or_o rather_o a_o exact_o oval_a figure_n who_o surface_n be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a spherical_a one_o the_o exterior_a crust_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v upon_o it_o must_v conform_v itself_o to_o the_o same_o figure_n which_o it_o can_v not_o do_v as_o long_o as_o it_o remain_v solid_a and_o conjoin_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o tide_n be_v stretch_v and_o break_v and_o have_v innumerable_a fissure_v make_v quite_o through_o it_o after_o this_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o comet_n in_o its_o descent_n towards_o the_o sun_n pass_v close_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n involve_v it_o in_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o tail_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o leave_v prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v after_o their_o primary_n fall_v will_v be_v immediate_o draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n again_o and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_n mention_v in_o scripture_n the_o other_o great_a rain_n which_o together_o with_o the_o former_a last_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n be_v occasion_v as_o he_o think_v by_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o comet_n tail_n from_o which_o and_o from_o its_o atmosphere_n he_o derive_v one_o half_a of_o the_o water_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o deluge_n the_o other_o half_o he_o suppose_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o fluid_a whereof_o he_o say_v be_v force_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o vast_a and_o prodigious_a pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n atmosphere_n and_o tail_n which_o he_o suppose_v will_v press_v downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v the_o outward_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n by_o which_o vast_a quantity_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n will_v be_v force_v and_o raise_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o crust_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n by_o these_o method_n mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v water_n enough_o bring_v on_o the_o surface_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n for_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o three_o mile_n that_o be_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n but_o he_o further_o suppose_v that_o neither_o that_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n nor_o that_o which_o be_v force_v up_o from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v pure_a elementary_a water_n but_o rather_o a_o thick_a and_o muddy_a fluid_n which_o he_o say_v be_v heavy_a than_o water_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o the_o depth_n of_o 166_o foot_n after_o have_v thus_o form_v the_o deluge_n his_o next_o great_a work_n be_v to_o remove_v these_o water_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o wind_n which_o dry_v up_o some_o and_o force_v the_o rest_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n in_o which_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v before_o and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v derive_v these_o be_v the_o supposition_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n pretend_v to_o account_v for_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o though_o i_o can_v easy_o allow_v the_o first_o hypothesis_n to_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n since_o its_o approach_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o only_o make_v possible_a but_o also_o very_o probable_a by_o he_o yet_o i_o can_v admit_v of_o the_o particular_a explication_n he_o have_v give_v of_o several_a of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o as_o he_o have_v explain_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o way_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanic_n and_o philosophy_n for_o first_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o comet_n when_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v raise_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o prodigious_a tide_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n yet_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n will_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o abyss_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n with_o a_o thick_a and_o solid_a crust_n of_o earth_n lie_v close_o upon_o it_o for_o tide_n be_v only_o a_o violent_a swell_a and_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n produce_v by_o the_o attraction_n of_o some_o great_a body_n that_o come_v near_o they_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o water_n be_v every_o where_o shut_v up_o within_o a_o solid_a orb_n lie_v on_o they_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o room_n or_o space_n leave_v for_o they_o to_o move_v in_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o tide_n or_o agitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o they_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o before_o nor_o can_v they_o press_v strong_a on_o that_o orb_n which_o enclose_v they_o than_o sand_n gravel_n or_o any_o other_o firm_a and_o hard_a body_n will_v do_v that_o can_v fill_v their_o place_n all_o body_n whether_o firm_a or_o fluid_a be_v equal_o attract_v when_o the_o attract_v body_n be_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o they_o this_o be_v then_o the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o abyss_n which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v to_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o thick_a solid_a and_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o press_v so_o close_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o leave_v no_o void_a space_n at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o will_v make_v room_n enough_o for_o any_o considerable_a commotion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o because_o fluid_n be_v not_o more_o attract_v than_o solid_n be_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o tide_n of_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n there_o can_v never_o be_v produce_v any_o great_a effect_n on_o the_o crust_n which_o encompass_v the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n than_o if_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v consist_v of_o firm_a and_o solid_a matter_n without_o any_o abyss_n it_o be_v certain_a therefore_o that_o since_o there_o be_v no_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n there_o can_v be_v no_o crack_n and_o fissure_v make_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o it_o to_o explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n mr._n whiston_n assume_v a_o proposition_n which_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v hardly_o prove_v viz._n that_o after_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v in_o the_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n and_o tail_n and_o have_v acquire_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n that_o fall_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v much_o rarify_v will_v be_v draw_v up_o again_o into_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v
the_o incredible_a velocity_n with_o which_o these_o vapour_n descend_v which_o mr._n whiston_n calculate_v to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o descend_v eight_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o eight_o mile_n in_o a_o minute_n and_o the_o great_a resistance_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n and_o the_o force_n by_o which_o they_o fall_v on_o the_o ground_n we_o must_v necessary_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o must_v have_v be_v condense_v and_o turn_v into_o water_n by_o such_o a_o resistance_n and_o fall_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o when_o vapour_n fall_v they_o must_v meet_v with_o a_o great_a check_n and_o resistance_n from_o the_o air_n by_o which_o their_o part_n will_v be_v press_v close_o together_o and_o as_o their_o velocity_n increase_v so_o will_v the_o resistance_n and_o their_o density_n till_o at_o last_o their_o part_n come_v to_o be_v as_o close_o unite_v as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o then_o they_o will_v fall_v in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n when_o it_o rain_v for_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v that_o rain_n drop_v have_v the_o same_o form_n and_o density_n in_o the_o cloud_n with_o which_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o ground_n for_o water_n be_v of_o a_o great_a intensive_a gravity_n than_o air_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v sustain_v in_o it_o but_o when_o it_o be_v expanded_a into_o vapour_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o observation_n on_o the_o barescope_n that_o whenever_o the_o vapour_n begin_v to_o descend_v the_o air_n be_v light_a than_o it_o be_v before_o it_o therefore_o not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v they_o they_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o in_o their_o way_n they_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a resistance_n and_o check_v from_o the_o air_n and_o so_o must_v necessary_o be_v condense_v and_o fall_v in_o drop_n of_o water_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o since_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_n be_v always_o as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o the_o body_n move_v through_o it_o and_o because_o the_o velocity_n of_o vapour_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o the_o earth_n must_v have_v be_v according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n some_o thousand_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o velocity_n with_o which_o common_a vapour_n or_o rain_n descend_v it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o resistance_n the_o vapour_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n meet_v with_o be_v some_o million_o of_o time_n great_a than_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n of_o common_a vapour_n when_o it_o descend_v be_v great_a enough_o to_o condense_a it_o into_o water_n it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o that_o all_o such_o vapour_n as_o descend_v from_o the_o comet_n must_v have_v be_v of_o necessity_n condense_v into_o water_n long_o before_o they_o ever_o touch_v the_o earth_n see_v then_o they_o descend_v on_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n and_o see_v there_o be_v no_o sufficient_a cause_n that_o can_v immediate_o raise_v and_o mount_v they_o up_o again_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n not_o be_v great_a enough_o for_o such_o a_o effect_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o can_v never_o rise_v up_o again_o to_o produce_v the_o forty_o day_n rain_v mention_v in_o scripture_n mr._n whiston_n have_v as_o he_o imagine_v explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n do_v in_o the_o next_o place_n proceed_v to_o show_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n be_v force_v up_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o become_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o universal_a flood_n this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n that_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o comet_n which_o he_o say_v be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a weight_n will_v press_v the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v it_o deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n by_o this_o pressure_n the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n will_v be_v force_v upward_o through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v new_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o endeavour_v to_o illustrate_v this_o method_n of_o operation_n by_o the_o example_n of_o a_o stone_n or_o marble_n cylinder_n exact_o fit_v to_o a_o hollow_a cylindrical_a vessel_n that_o it_o may_v just_o ascend_v or_o descend_v free_o within_o it_o he_o suppose_v the_o stone_n cylinder_n to_o have_v hole_n bore_v in_o it_o quite_o through_o parallel_n to_o its_o axis_n and_o let_v down_o in_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n which_o be_v half_a full_a of_o water_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o water_n then_o if_o each_o of_o the_o hole_n be_v fill_v with_o oil_n or_o some_o other_o fluid_a light_a than_o water_n he_o say_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o cylinder_n press_v on_o the_o water_n will_v squeeze_v the_o oil_n on_o its_o surface_n through_o the_o hole_n and_o throw_v it_o out_o with_o some_o violence_n and_o this_o will_v be_v a_o just_a representation_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v but_o one_o possible_a case_n wherein_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n can_v sink_v the_o crust_n deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n and_o that_o be_v if_o the_o water_n which_o lay_v on_o the_o surface_n can_v not_o descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o though_o i_o can_v see_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o descend_v yet_o if_o i_o shall_v suppose_v that_o they_o do_v not_o i_o can_v evident_o prove_v by_o calculation_n that_o such_o a_o pressure_n can_v never_o raise_v the_o abyss_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o crust_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o i_o assume_v the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n to_o have_v be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n though_o doubtless_o this_o be_v much_o great_a than_o in_o reality_n it_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o have_v be_v and_o because_o according_a to_o mr._n whiston_n the_o column_n of_o which_o the_o crust_n be_v compose_v be_v about_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o common_a water_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o column_n of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o crust_n who_o base_a be_v equal_a to_o the_o base_a of_o the_o incumbent_a column_n of_o water_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o its_o height_n will_v weigh_v as_o much_o or_o press_v the_o crust_n as_o much_o downward_o as_o the_o whole_a column_n of_o water_n can_v do_v but_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o whole_a crust_n the_o height_n of_o the_o additional_a column_n that_o weigh_v as_o much_o as_o the_o water_n must_v be_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o crust_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o height_n or_o thickness_n of_o the_o crust_n before_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o be_v to_o its_o thickness_n after_o the_o additional_a column_n be_v lay_v on_o as_o 40_o be_v to_o 41._o the_o whole_a problem_n than_o be_v plain_o reduce_v to_o this_o have_v two_o cylinder_n or_o column_n of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n but_o of_o different_a height_n that_o swim_v in_o any_o fluid_fw-la to_o find_v what_o proportion_n the_o part_n or_o height_n immerge_v bear_v to_o one_o another_o by_o a_o know_a proposition_n in_o hydrostaticks_n the_o part_n immerge_v of_o each_o cylinder_n bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a cylinder_n that_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n bear_n to_o the_o intensive_a gravity_n of_o the_o fluid_a from_o thence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o part_n immerge_v have_v the_o same_o proportion_n that_o their_o respective_a whole_a cylinder_n have_v to_o one_o another_o which_o in_o the_o present_a case_n be_v as_o forty_o to_o forty_o one_o by_o this_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o 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must_v confess_v that_o the_o often_o i_o read_v his_o long_a illustration_n on_o this_o point_n i_o understand_v it_o the_o less_o and_o i_o know_v as_o little_o how_o i_o have_v my_o idea_n as_o i_o do_v before_o if_o he_o have_v tell_v i_o that_o the_o soul_n see_v its_o idea_n under_o the_o concave_n of_o the_o moon_n orb_n where_o they_o say_v plato_n place_v they_o i_o can_v have_v have_v some_o sort_n of_o confuse_a notion_n of_o that_o manner_n of_o see_v but_o this_o manner_n of_o see_v idea_n be_v far_o beyond_o my_o imagination_n i_o be_o sure_a that_o i_o can_v neither_o see_v the_o idea_n of_o it_o in_o god_n or_o any_o where_o else_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v not_o so_o courageous_o resist_v my_o sense_n as_o that_o philosopher_n advise_v as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o penetrate_v such_o a_o solid_a piece_n of_o nonsense_n the_o same_o philosopher_n affirm_v that_o body_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v neither_o hear_v see_v smell_v nor_o taste_v and_o when_o for_o 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stand_v so_o well_o confirm_v by_o real_a miracle_n that_o we_o be_v neither_o to_o make_v nor_o admit_v of_o any_o false_a one_o yet_o certain_o we_o be_v not_o to_o detract_v from_o the_o value_n of_o the_o true_a one_o by_o pretend_v to_o deduce_v they_o from_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n when_o they_o be_v no_o way_n explicable_a by_o they_o it_o be_v therefore_o both_o the_o easy_a and_o safe_a way_n to_o refer_v the_o wonderful_a destruction_n of_o the_o old_a world_n to_o the_o omnipotent_a hand_n of_o god_n who_o can_v do_v whatsoever_o he_o please_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o chaos_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v form_v from_o a_o chaos_n must_v be_v unquestionable_o own_a by_o all_o who_o acknowledge_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n the_o earth_n be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a which_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a description_n of_o that_o chaos_n 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the_o general_a action_n of_o nature_n separate_v one_o from_o another_o as_o in_o cream_n and_o thin_a milk_n oil_n and_o water_n and_o such_o like_a so_o we_o can_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o same_o effect_n will_v follow_v here_o and_o the_o more_o oily_a and_o light_a part_n of_o this_o mass_n will_v get_v above_o the_o other_o and_o swim_v upon_o it_o thus_o will_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o liquid_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lesser_a mass_n now_o if_o we_o look_v over_o again_o these_o two_o great_a mass_n of_o air_n and_o water_n we_o can_v but_o imagine_v that_o they_o be_v both_o at_o first_o very_o muddy_a and_o impure_a for_o the_o air_n be_v yet_o thick_a gross_a and_o dark_a there_o be_v abundance_n of_o terrestrial_a particle_n swim_v in_o it_o still_o after_o the_o gross_a be_v sink_v down_o and_o the_o lesser_a and_o light_a which_o remain_v in_o the_o air_n do_v sink_v too_o but_o more_o slow_o so_o that_o in_o their_o descent_n they_o do_v meet_v with_o the_o oily_a 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not_o allow_v the_o outward_a crust_n within_o who_o bowel_n the_o water_n be_v shut_v up_o to_o be_v a_o habitable_a earth_n know_v well_o that_o neither_o man_n nor_o beast_n can_v live_v long_o without_o water_n but_o he_o make_v the_o crust_n first_o break_v and_o the_o water_n flow_v out_o before_o he_o place_v any_o inhabitant_n on_o it_o another_o small_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o mons._n des_n cartes_n never_o think_v of_o make_v the_o exterior_a orb_n of_o oily_a liquid_n which_o the_o theorist_n assert_n to_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a towards_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o crust_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o say_v he_o for_o the_o oily_a liquor_n which_o swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n the_o particle_n of_o earth_n which_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o have_v never_o form_v the_o exterior_a orb_n of_o earth_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o i_o believe_v it_o may_v be_v easy_o make_v 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to_o have_v deceive_v the_o theorist_n in_o this_o point_n be_v that_o he_o have_v observe_v that_o small_a dust_n though_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o oil_n yet_o be_v throw_v upon_o it_o it_o do_v not_o sink_v and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o it_o if_o cast_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n will_v not_o descend_v but_o form_n a_o solid_a concrete_a substance_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n but_o this_o consequence_n will_v soon_o appear_v to_o be_v false_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o some_o body_n though_o specifical_o heavy_a than_o the_o fluid_a in_o which_o they_o be_v put_v do_v not_o sink_v but_o swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n which_o be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o liquid_a in_o nature_n which_o be_v absolute_o fluid_a and_o who_o part_n do_v not_o resist_v separation_n one_o from_o another_o and_o therefore_o will_v somewhat_o hinder_v or_o retard_v the_o descent_n of_o body_n through_o they_o now_o this_o resistance_n all_o other_o thing_n be_v alike_o be_v always_o proportional_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o body_n descend_v so_o that_o small_a body_n who_o weight_n or_o force_n to_o move_v or_o separate_v the_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a be_v but_o very_o little_a may_v have_v a_o surface_n so_o large_a that_o they_o can_v overcome_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o fluid_a that_o be_v they_o can_v make_v way_n for_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o fluid_a and_o therefore_o must_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o but_o the_o surface_v of_o body_n not_o increase_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n with_o their_o solidity_n or_o weight_n small_a body_n will_n have_v a_o great_a resistance_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o weight_n than_o great_a one_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n
writer_n of_o hydrostaticks_n that_o a_o sphere_n who_o centre_n of_o gravity_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n if_o put_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o itself_o will_v retain_v any_o give_a position_n and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o earth_n gravity_n or_o equilibration_n why_o the_o position_n of_o its_o axis_fw-la shall_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a rather_o than_o any_o other_o of_o its_o diameter_n chap._n v._o of_o river_n the_o theorist_n have_v represent_v to_o we_o the_o first_o earth_n as_o a_o smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a body_n without_o mountain_n and_o without_o a_o sea_n in_o the_o 5_o chap._n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o start_v a_o great_a difficulty_n how_o it_o be_v water_v from_o what_o cause_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n how_o can_v fountain_n rise_v or_o river_n flow_v in_o a_o earth_n of_o that_o form_n and_o nature_n he_o have_v shut_v up_o the_o sea_n with_o thick_a wall_n on_o every_o side_n and_o take_v away_o all_o communication_n that_o can_v be_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o external_a earth_n he_o have_v remove_v all_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n where_o the_o spring_n use_v to_o rise_v and_o whence_o the_o river_n descend_v to_o water_v the_o face_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o last_o he_o have_v leave_v no_o issue_n for_o these_o river_n no_o ocean_n to_o receive_v they_o or_o any_o place_n to_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o so_o that_o his_o new_a find_v world_n be_v like_a to_o be_v a_o dry_a and_o barren_a wilderness_n and_o so_o far_o from_o be_v paradisaical_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v habitable_a these_o indeed_o be_v great_a difficulty_n and_o the_o theorist_n have_v acknowledge_v they_o to_o be_v such_o for_o he_o say_v there_o be_v nothing_o in_o his_o whole_a theory_n that_o give_v so_o rude_a a_o stop_n to_o his_o thought_n as_o that_o part_n of_o it_o concern_v the_o river_n of_o the_o first_o earth_n but_o as_o the_o difficulty_n be_v great_a and_o as_o one_o will_v think_v insuperable_a so_o no_o doubt_n the_o glory_n that_o redound_v to_o the_o theorist_n must_v be_v nothing_o less_o if_o they_o be_v clear_o take_v away_o to_o understand_v therefore_o what_o the_o state_n of_o the_o primitive_a river_n and_o water_n will_v be_v he_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o consider_v and_o examine_v how_o the_o rain_n fall_v in_o the_o first_o earth_n and_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o a_o will_v be_v very_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v now_o there_o can_v be_v no_o violent_a motion_n there_o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o proceed_v from_o extremity_n of_o cold_a as_o ice_n snow_n or_o hail_n and_o as_o for_o wind_n they_o can_v neither_o be_v impetuous_a nor_o irregular_a in_o that_o earth_n of_o he_o see_v there_o be_v no_o mountain_n nor_o any_o other_o inequality_n to_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o vapour_n nor_o any_o unequal_a season_n nor_o unequal_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o for_o water_n meteor_n dew_n and_o rain_n there_o can_v not_o but_o be_v plenty_n of_o these_o in_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o that_o earth_n for_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o raise_v vapour_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o very_o constant_a and_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o moist_a and_o soft_a and_o according_a as_o it_o grow_v more_o dry_a the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v pierce_v more_o deep_a into_o it_o and_o reach_v at_o length_n the_o great_a abyss_n which_o lie_v underneath_o and_o be_v a_o unexhausted_a storehouse_n of_o new_a vapour_n now_o the_o same_o heat_n which_o extract_v these_o vapour_n so_o copious_o will_v also_o hinder_v they_o from_o condense_v into_o rain_n in_o the_o warm_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n or_o contrary_a wind_n or_o any_o such_o cause_n to_o stop_v or_o compress_v they_o they_o will_v take_v their_o course_n where_o they_o be_v least_o resist_v which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o east_n and_o west_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o as_o warm_v a_o air_n and_o vapour_n as_o much_o agitate_a as_o themselves_o which_o therefore_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o their_o progress_n that_o way_n but_o north_n and_o south_n they_o will_v find_v a_o more_o easy_a passage_n so_o that_o the_o concourse_n of_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v chiefty_a about_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o middle_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v towards_o the_o extreme_a part_n or_o the_o pole_n when_o these_o vapour_n thus_o drive_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o cool_a region_n near_o the_o pole_n they_o will_v be_v condense_v into_o rain_n for_o want_v there_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o agitation_n namely_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n their_o motion_n will_v soon_o begin_v to_o languish_v and_o they_o will_v fall_v close_o to_o one_o another_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o he_o think_v he_o have_v find_v a_o sufficient_a source_n for_o water_n in_o the_o first_o earth_n which_o will_v never_o fail_v neither_o diminish_v nor_o overflow_v but_o though_o he_o esteem_v this_o a_o inexhaustible_a store-house_n and_o a_o easy_a way_n to_o furnish_v water_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v narrow_o examine_v he_o will_v find_v it_o not_o in_o the_o least_o sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n for_o first_o according_a to_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n there_o can_v be_v no_o river_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o the_o sun_n have_v crack_v the_o outward_a crust_n thereof_o and_o its_o heat_n have_v reach_v the_o great_a abyss_n which_o the_o theorist_n must_v needs_o own_o will_v require_v a_o very_a considerable_a space_n of_o time_n one_o will_v think_v it_o will_v be_v several_a hundred_o of_o year_n before_o the_o sun_n heat_n can_v perform_v such_o a_o effect_n during_o all_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v without_o water_n and_o river_n and_o lead_v very_o sad_a and_o uncomfortable_a life_n be_v this_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o golden_a age_n or_o be_v this_o consistent_a with_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o antediluvian_a father_n in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o scripture_n for_o they_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o river_n immediate_o after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o 2_o dly_a i_o will_v hereafter_o prove_v that_o the_o sun_n beam_n do_v never_o yet_o reach_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o first_o crustation_n must_v have_v be_v and_o consequent_o there_o never_o can_v arise_v any_o vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n to_o furnish_v the_o river_n 3_o dly_z suppose_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v crack_v the_o crust_n and_o to_o have_v raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o can_v not_o do_v it_o in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n and_o now_o the_o theorist_n will_v tell_v we_o what_o can_v be_v more_o sufficient_a than_o the_o whole_a orb_n of_o water_n sure_o this_o will_v do_v or_o else_o nothing_o can_v this_o he_o will_v say_v be_v a_o inexhaustible_a treasure_n that_o the_o river_n can_v never_o drain_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o want_n of_o water_n from_o thence_o yes_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o fear_v it_o very_o much_o for_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v enough_o in_o the_o abyss_n yet_o perhaps_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v so_o much_o as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o water_v the_o earth_n so_o there_o may_v be_v enough_o of_o gold_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o can_v come_v at_o it_o we_o shall_v never_o be_v the_o rich_a for_o it_o that_o i_o may_v examine_v this_o i_o will_v suppose_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o these_o crack_n which_o the_o sun_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v by_o its_o heat_n to_o be_v a_o 1_o 10000_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o will_v exceed_v 2600_o square_a mile_n which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o theorist_n can_v reasonable_o allow_v they_o for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o one_o continue_a crack_n round_o the_o equator_fw-la of_o a_o mile_n breadth_n it_o will_v not_o exceed_v 25000._o mile_n 2_o dly_z i_o will_v suppose_v with_o the_o theorist_n that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o present_a earth_n be_v land_n and_o the_o other_o be_v sea_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o mouth_n of_o those_o pit_n or_o crack_n must_v be_v one_o five_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o now_o ocean_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a
be_v will_v not_o be_v perpetual_a nor_o last_v many_o thousand_o of_o year_n if_o one_o consider_v the_o effect_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v have_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o water_n under_o it_o dry_v and_o parch_v the_o one_o and_o rarify_n the_o other_o into_o vapour_n for_o according_a to_o he_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v such_o at_o that_o time_n that_o there_o be_v no_o diversity_n or_o alteration_n of_o season_n in_o the_o year_n as_o there_o be_v now_o by_o reason_n of_o which_o alteration_n of_o season_n our_o earth_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o equality_n of_o temper_n the_o contrary_a season_n balance_v one_o another_o so_o that_o what_o moisture_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o summer_n suck_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v repair_v again_o in_o rains_n the_o next_o winter_n and_o what_o chap_n be_v make_v in_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o former_a constitution_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v imagine_v a_o continual_a summer_n the_o earth_n will_v proceed_v in_o dryness_n still_o more_o and_o more_o and_o the_o crack_n will_v be_v wide_a and_o pierce_v deep_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n act_v continual_o upon_o the_o earth_n will_v have_v reduce_v it_o in_o the_o space_n of_o some_o hundred_o of_o year_n to_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o dryness_n in_o certain_a part_n and_o will_v also_o have_v much_o rarify_v and_o exhale_v the_o water_n under_o it_o so_o that_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o that_o globe_n the_o exterior_a crust_n and_o the_o water_n under_o it_o he_o think_v it_o may_v be_v fit_o compare_v to_o a_o aeolipile_n or_o a_o hollow_a sphere_n with_o water_n in_o it_o which_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n rarefy_v and_o turn_v into_o vapour_n or_o wind_n the_o sun_n here_o be_v the_o fire_n and_o the_o exterior_a earth_n the_o shell_n of_o the_o aeolipile_n and_o the_o abyss_n the_o water_n within_o it_o as_o soon_o then_o as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v reach_v the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n it_o begin_v to_o rarify_v they_o and_o raise_v they_o into_o vapour_n by_o which_o rarifaction_n they_o require_v more_o room_n than_o they_o do_v before_o and_o find_v themselves_o pen_v in_o by_o the_o exterior_a earth_n they_o press_v with_o violence_n against_o that_o arch_n to_o make_v it_o yield_v and_o give_v way_n to_o their_o dilatation_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o earth_n be_v break_v and_o the_o frame_n of_o it_o tear_v in_o piece_n as_o by_o a_o earthquake_n and_o those_o great_a portion_n or_o fragment_n into_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v fall_v down_o into_o the_o abyss_n some_o in_o one_o posture_n and_o some_o in_o another_o and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o general_a deluge_n i_o shall_v now_o examine_v these_o cause_n which_o the_o theorist_n have_v give_v for_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o this_o chapter_n i_o will_v first_o inquire_v whither_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v reach_v so_o far_o as_o the_o great_a abyss_n to_o rarify_v the_o water_n thereof_o first_o then_o i_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o this_o examination_n that_o there_o be_v hill_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o we_o i_o have_v also_o show_v that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o incline_v the_o same_o way_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a from_o thence_o it_o plain_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v then_o the_o same_o variety_n of_o season_n and_o alternation_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n that_o there_o be_v now_o in_o our_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n all_o the_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o great_a heat_n and_o strong_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n must_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v then_o no_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n than_o 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a_o place_n of_o its_o orbit_n at_o that_o time_n as_o equal_o attract_v with_o the_o earth_n when_o the_o comet_n pass_v by_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a convince_a argument_n that_o a_o comet_n real_o come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n on_o the_o day_n the_o deluge_n begin_v but_o notwithstanding_o this_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v evident_a by_o the_o follow_a consideration_n that_o a_o comet_n can_v never_o have_v produce_v those_o various_a effect_n that_o mr._n whiston_n have_v attribute_v to_o it_o and_o it_o will_v also_o further_o appear_v that_o the_o deluge_n be_v the_o immediate_a work_n of_o the_o divine_a power_n and_o that_o no_o secondary_a cause_n without_o the_o interposition_n of_o omnipotence_n can_v have_v bring_v such_o a_o effect_n to_o pass_v but_o first_o i_o will_v make_v some_o remark_n on_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o method_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v it_o be_v form_v mr._n whiston_n first_o hypothesis_n be_v that_o the_o ancient_a chaos_n the_o origin_n of_o our_o earth_n be_v the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n but_o this_o supposition_n though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v it_o by_o several_a argument_n do_v not_o seem_v probable_a for_o the_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o scripture_n represent_v the_o primitive_a ancient_a chaos_n as_o a_o very_a dark_a and_o obscure_a body_n for_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v without_o form_n and_o void_a and_o that_o darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o deep_a this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o next_o verse_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v light_n upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n which_o be_v a_o clear_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v none_o before_o that_o time_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a chaos_n be_v original_o a_o dark_a and_o confuse_a heap_n of_o body_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v make_v any_o observation_n about_o comet_n that_o their_o atmosphere_n be_v very_o bright_a and_o luminous_a fluid_n through_o which_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n diffuse_v themselves_o very_o free_o and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v again_o reflect_v back_o to_o we_o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v their_o pellucidness_n and_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o light_n which_o pass_v through_o they_o without_o reflection_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o shall_v appear_v so_o lucid_a to_o our_o eye_n nor_o do_v i_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o find_v among_o all_o the_o pellucid_a body_n of_o our_o earth_n any_o one_o which_o be_v place_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o we_o as_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o comet_n be_v will_v appear_v so_o bright_a or_o reflect_v the_o light_n so_o strong_o as_o they_o do_v for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o diaphanous_a body_n be_v not_o so_o luminous_a nor_o do_v they_o reflect_v light_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o it_o be_v reflect_v from_o 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a_o examination_n of_o d_o r._n burnet_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n together_o with_o some_o remark_n on_o m_n r._n whiston_n new_a theory_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o io._n keill_n a._n m._n coll._n ball._n ox._n oxford_z print_v at_o the_o theater_n 1698._o to_o the_o reverend_a d_o r._n mander_z the_o worthy_a master_n of_o balliol_n college_n in_o oxford_n reverend_a sir_n this_o small_a treatise_n be_v the_o product_n of_o some_o leisure_n hour_n i_o happy_o enjoy_v in_o a_o college_n that_o be_v under_o the_o kind_a influence_n of_o your_o government_n think_v itself_o oblige_v to_o wait_v upon_o you_o before_o it_o dare_v venture_v one_o step_n further_o into_o the_o world_n it_o be_v dress_n i_o free_o own_o be_v mean_a nevertheless_o since_o the_o design_n of_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o show_v that_o true_a philosophy_n do_v not_o contradict_v the_o scripture_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o hope_v it_o will_v find_v a_o favourable_a acceptance_n among_o such_o as_o have_v any_o concern_v or_o zeal_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o security_n of_o the_o other_o the_o principle_n on_o which_o i_o have_v ground_v my_o argument_n in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v mathematical_a it_o do_v more_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o you_o who_o prudence_n in_o so_o industrious_o promote_a the_o mathematical_a science_n both_o by_o your_o direction_n and_o encouragement_n i_o can_v sufficient_o commend_v when_o i_o consider_v what_o vast_a improvement_n have_v be_v make_v and_o how_o many_o error_n of_o former_a philosopher_n have_v be_v detect_v by_o apply_v geometry_n to_o natural_a philosophy_n i_o be_o sensible_a sir_n how_o unpleasing_a it_o will_v be_v if_o i_o shall_v address_v myself_o to_o you_o in_o the_o usual_a stile_n of_o dedication_n a_o prudent_a zeal_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o scripture_n a_o hearty_a concern_v for_o the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n a_o tender_a care_n and_o unwearied_a industry_n in_o promote_a the_o 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move_v read_v remove_v p._n 48._o l_o 8._o for_o of_o read_v oâ—_n p._n 57_o l._n 1._o for_o thing_n read_v spring_n p._n 61_o l._n 9_o deal_n not_o p._n 123._o l_o 23._o for_o go_v read_v co._n a_o examination_n of_o d_o r._n burnet_n theory_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o introduction_n what_o plutarch_n particular_o prove_v of_o the_o stoic_n that_o they_o speak_v more_o improbability_n than_o the_o poet_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o philosopher_n who_o have_v maintain_v opinion_n more_o absurd_a than_o can_v be_v find_v in_o any_o of_o the_o most_o fabulous_a poet_n or_o romantic_a writer_n the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o fancy_v that_o their_o character_n do_v oblige_v they_o to_o say_v thing_n which_o be_v not_o common_a or_o obvious_a to_o vulgar_a capacity_n and_o therefore_o scorn_v the_o instruction_n of_o sense_n and_o reason_n they_o only_o cultivate_v their_o own_o wild_a imagination_n which_o seldom_o produce_v any_o thing_n but_o what_o be_v extravagant_a and_o unaccountable_a this_o will_v soon_o appear_v to_o any_o who_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v either_o the_o ancient_n or_o modern_a philosopher_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o ancient_n which_o of_o the_o poet_n do_v ever_o maintain_v so_o ridiculous_a a_o opinion_n as_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o body_n to_o move_v and_o yet_o there_o have_v be_v philosopher_n for_o so_o they_o be_v please_v to_o style_v themselves_o who_o have_v bring_v argument_n to_o prove_v motion_n to_o be_v a_o thing_n altogether_o impossible_a in_o nature_n and_o have_v pretend_v that_o these_o their_o argument_n almost_o reach_v the_o force_n of_o demonstration_n be_v the_o fable_n of_o leda_n being_n first_o turn_v into_o a_o swan_n and_o afterward_o place_v in_o the_o heaven_n as_o a_o fix_a star_n more_o improbable_a than_o the_o opinion_n of_o anaxagoras_n that_o the_o circumambient_a aether_n be_v of_o a_o fiery_a substance_n by_o the_o vehement_a force_n of_o its_o whirl_n about_o do_v tear_v stone_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o its_o own_o power_n set_v they_o on_o fire_n and_o establish_v they_o as_o star_n in_o the_o heaven_n diogenes_n another_o philosopher_n say_v that_o the_o star_n be_v like_o pumice_n stone_n and_o that_o they_o be_v the_o breathe_n of_o the_o world_n but_o xenophanes_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o eleatic_a sect_n say_v they_o be_v compose_v of_o inflame_a cloud_n which_o in_o the_o day_n time_n be_v quench_v and_o in_o the_o night_n be_v kindle_v again_o and_o that_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o kindle_v and_o quench_v of_o they_o anaximander_n think_v the_o sun_n do_v very_o much_o resemble_v the_o nave_n of_o a_o chariot_n wheel_n which_o â—s_v hollow_a and_o full_a of_o fire_n the_o fire_n of_o which_o appear_v to_o we_o through_o its_o mouth_n as_o â—â—_o a_o pipe_n that_o be_v burn_v and_o anaxiâ—enes_n say_v that_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v eclipse_v the_o fiery_a mouth_n of_o it_o be_v stop_v and_o hinder_v from_o perspiration_n heraclitus_n tellâ—_n we_o that_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v after_o â—he_n manner_n of_o the_o turn_n of_o a_o boat_n wheâ—_n the_o concave_a as_o to_o our_o sight_n appear_v uppermost_a and_o the_o convex_v neithermost_o another_o philosopher_n say_v that_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v eclipse_v it_o be_v extinguish_v these_o indeed_o be_v strange_a notion_n but_o yet_o they_o will_v seem_v much_o strange_a if_o we_o consider_v that_o these_o man_n live_v after_o thales_n who_o have_v foretell_v a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o â—is_n knowledge_n that_o the_o moon_n be_v to_o be_v at_o such_o a_o time_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n betwixt_o he_o and_o it_o such_o a_o aversion_n it_o seem_v these_o philosopher_n have_v to_o build_v upon_o other_o man_n observation_n that_o they_o will_v rather_o speak_v unsufferable_a nonsense_n than_o be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o consider_v what_o be_v observe_v before_o they_o by_o wise_a man_n than_o themselves_o but_o who_o without_o indignation_n can_v hear_v the_o above_o mention_v xenophanes_n maintain_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v found_v and_o root_v in_o a_o infinite_a depth_n or_o epicurus_n the_o world-maker_n assert_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o drum_n and_o that_o we_o dwell_v upon_o the_o plain_a surface_n of_o it_o though_o long_o before_o either_o of_o their_o tiâ—es_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o mathematician_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n and_o they_o have_v give_v rule_n to_o take_v the_o dimension_n of_o it_o the_o same_o epicurus_n affirm_v in_o contradiction_n both_o to_o sense_n and_o reason_n that_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n be_v no_o big_a than_o they_o appear_v to_o we_o to_o be_v and_o for_o anâ—_n thing_n that_o he_o know_v to_o the_o contrary_a the_o star_n may_v be_v kindle_v in_o the_o eaâ—t_a quarter_n and_o extinguish_v in_o the_o west_n or_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o new_a production_n of_o star_n every_o day_n so_o that_o every_o day_n there_o arise_v a_o new_a sun_n i_o be_o sure_a a_o blind_a man_n who_o have_v never_o seâ—n_v either_o sun_n or_o star_n can_v not_o have_v give_v a_o worse_a account_n of_o they_o than_o this_o philosopher_n have_v do_v and_o yet_o with_o a_o unpardonable_a boldness_n he_o pretend_v to_o tell_v we_o how_o the_o world_n be_v make_v when_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o know_v not_o what_o it_o be_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v more_o of_o the_o wild_a notion_n of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n may_v consult_v diogenes_n laertius_n or_o plutarch_n book_n of_o the_o sentiment_n of_o philosopher_n but_o perhaps_o our_o modern_n will_v say_v that_o these_o indeed_o be_v the_o ridiculous_a fancy_n of_o the_o old_a whimsical_a philosopher_n and_o it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n what_o they_o think_v but_o