haue no light from heauen Wherefore we could not ghesse by any coniecture or by any arguments what all that building had bin heretofore or to what purpose it was first deuised ¶ Ciceroes Academie Village and hoat Bathes The. 6. Chapter WIthout the compasse of these hils whiche enuiron the place called Auernus rouÌ„d about towards Puteoli there staÌ„deth Tullies Academie which was sometime his village a place for that galleries thicknes of shadowed walkes very famous where nowe are certen hoat Bathes called by name of Ciceroes Bathes These Bathes béegan first tospring vp after his death in the dayes of one Antistius which was hys successour in the same vilage which Laurea one whoÌ„ Tullie had made frée hath celebrated in verses in the honor of his maister as Plinie writeth The Italians call that place Ibagni di Tritoli The situation of them is most pleasant and at the foote of the hill stand certeyn houses some faierer then other builded but lowe and after a simple maner and for the more part forlorne Howbeit in the moneth of May they bée all inhabited bycause at the time of the yéere there resort great multitudes of peoples vnto the Baines some to preserue some to recouer health being very holsome and aueilable thereto by reason of the varietie of Metalles in them as Brimstone Nitre Salt and Bitumen in which respect Plinie coÌ„mendeth them adding moreouer that some of them do much good only by their vapour ¶ Cumae The Citie Cumae The. 7. Chapter CVmae standeth welnigh at the thirde stone from these Bathes of which Citie the prouerbe is truely verified Cuma hath bin For of so great and renowmed a Citie as this hath bin there remaineth now almost nothing besides a fewe ruines and downfalles wherin a few poore fishermeÌ„ are now dwelling with certeine Monumentes very auncient and worthy to bée considered especially in the place which they tearme Locauallo There is also yet remayning there a Triumphant Ark whole and sound and the Temple of Apollo wherof Virgill writeth in this maner But good Aeneas to Apollos Church and temple towers Hee went to seeke the secrete caue of sibyls dread full howers c. Liuius writeth that this citie was builded by the Cumaei a people of Euâ—oâ—â— by the Chalcidenses Strabo commendeth it not so much for the time wherein it was builded or for those that built it as he doth for the monuments antiquities For he writeth how that for their sumptuousnes store thereof they surpassed al the other Cities of Italy So that it is lesse false which BloÌ„dus reporteth that in no place in all Europe are so many downfals ruines of most sumptuous buildings to be séene Rome onely excepted as are betwéene Cuma Baias being no doubt therof but that this Citie hath bin in foretimes most wealthy and populous For it is certein that the citie of Naples called in old time Parthenope tooke beginning of that the inhabitants being sent from Cuma thither Which afterward was ouerthrown by the sam people of Cuma bicause thei saw the wealth therof dayly increase Which being done some write that there befell a fore plague of pestilence throughout the whole territory and confines of Cuma wherof wheÌ„ there was no end neyther could the inhabitantes finde any remedie to driue away that mischiefe report goeth that they asked counsel of the Oriacle which answered that Naples was the cause of that plague and that it should neuer cease vnlesse they buylded that citie agayne and restored it to the former state Whiche when they had done the plague immediatly ceased but the Citie afterwarde beinge troubled with sedition of the people and manye Earthquakes lost the naturall strength like an olde mother leauing behinde her a daughter to wit the Citie of Naples which indéede lyueth and flourishe that this day Now were wée come to the Hauen Baianum which was made by Agrippa as Dion Cassius writeth where wée forsooke our Boat and prepared to sayle to Puteoli And as we were saylyng wée behéelde alonge in our course sundry high Hilles and Mountaynes at the féete of whiche were continuall rankes of downe fallen Houses wherby we might easly coniecture that there stoode some great Towne in ould time but that it was cast downe by Earthquaks that often times are séene there and for that cause were forsaken of the inhabitants For ther appéere the expres tokens of a wasted citie or towne now all ouer growne with bushes briers and a few houses are inhabited by pore Mariners and Fishermen because the harbor is indifferent safe Which wheÌ„ I béeheld it came into my minde what Seruius Sulpitius wrate vnto Cicero in a certen place how when hée retourned vpon a time out of Asia and was saylynge from Aegina towardes Megara hée was incompassed round about as he sayde with carcases of townes For before vs there lay the remnauntes of the Citie whereof wée spake euen now behind vs Cuma on the one side Baiae and on the other Puteoli was not farre of which townes hauing bin in ould times most flourishing now they lie aground flat before our eies Wherfore I fel into wondring at the state and fortune of all worldly thinges and thus I thought within my self good Lord what shal on day become of our cuntreis whiche are neither so pleasant nether so well tilled nether so wealthy nether so famous as these haue bin in times past therefore doubtles thei shal that sooner decay I called to minde also that I had séene beefore amonge the Hollenders in the German Ocean and in the Ilandes of Selande that there are certen whole villages and townes drowned whereof the sléeples towers and highest buildings stand vp and are séene in the Sea like as they were certen wachtowers spying places an euident argument of the frailtie of earthly things and that there is nothing stable or permanent in this life In lyke sort the Sea carried away the cities of Pyrrha and Antissa about Meotis and lykewise Elice Buris in the Corinthian bosome called Sinus Corinthiacus that tokens wherof apeare aboue the water at this day as Plinie writeth the verses of Ouid are well knowne where he writeth of them saying If yee goe to seeke for Helicee And Burie which were cities of Achaia you shal see Them hidden vnder water and the Shipmen yet do show The walles and Steeples of the to wâ—es drownd vnder as they row Baines The 8 Chapter THus forsakinge these downefalles followinge the Coast alonge in the Shoare of those hilles continually kéepyng on our course wée came to a hyll where agayne were Baynes The same beynge doubtlesse burninge heat within yet it resembleth no such things in apparance At the first entrance we came into a large and high chamber whose wals and vault of the gate were sumtime finely trimmed with checkered poynct deuise which the reâ—â—â—â—tes that yet remain do sufficiently witnes The entrance into this chamber is indifferent wide and within by the
euerie perticular poynte in these Nations the Italians and Spanyardes are wyse béefore the déede Frenchmen in the déede and Germans after the déede There is also great difference béetwéene these Nations in the loue of wéemen for The Frenchman loues the nimble wenche ▪ that trippes and treades apace And aptly footes the measures fine to daunce with comly grace The Spaniarde doth more his minde in bewtie braue delight And ioyes withall to please his lust euen with his ladies sight Th' Italian with a fearfull wenches loue is best content That often shunnes the pleasant game of loue least shee be shent But shee that with a brasen face her maister can prouoke Shee is the loue that in the Germans hart beares greatest stroke These properties as they are by iudgment of many ascribed vnto the men of those nations so are there also peculiar qualities in the wéemen wherein they differ one from another whether you speake of their stature and forme of bodie gesture courage gate diuerse studies loue faith towards their husbands diligence towardes theyr Children humanitie towardes all men or whether you talke of theyr wittes and vnderstanding For the Italian wéemen for the more parte apply the studye of good learning especially if they bée of any noble familie which the Spanish wéemen doe not and the Frenchwéemen doe more studye the knowledge of forreyne toongues then of learnyng The Germane wéemen doe scarce knowe anye other language then their owne whiche they sucked from theyr mothers breastes much lesse any good learnyng So the Spanish wéemen are proude in theyr apparell and goyng the Italian wéemen graue and neate the Frenchwéemen lyght the Germanewéemē variable and foolish And vnderstand that I speake héere of the higher Germanie for the Dutche wéemen are more ciuile more graue in goyng and more giuen to learne straunge tongues then of any other nation by reason of the traficque of Merchādize which much flourisheth among them hauing England Scotland Fraunce and the higher Germany neare neighbors vnto them and are gouerned by the King of Spaine The Italian wéemen are passing wise the Spanish wéemen for the more part are dull of wit and vnderstanding the Frenchwéemen are simple rather by nature then custome the German wéemen aplie all their wittes rather vppon houshould affaires then any thing else The Spanishe wéemen vse painting to excessiuely to commende their beautie with all the Italian wéemen vse the same somewhat lesse the Frenchwéemen verie little and the Germane wéemen painte their faces béefore they bée maried onely but not all of them that which they doe is the to th' intent to deceiue their louers But as touchinge their honestie that I commit to other mens iudgement There is moreouer a certen difference béetwene these Nations and all other in those things which wée haue béefore specified wherby they are discerned from all other Nations which profiteth very muche to the framing of a mans iudgement as the sundry nations of Italians are Ligurians Tuscanes Spoletanes Latines Campanians Lucans Calabrians Salentines Apuliās Samnites Marca Anconitans Flaminians Aemilians Lumbards Venetians Forli and Slauonians these differ al not only in spéech proprietie of language pronunciacion but in maners also many other wayes Which thing how true it is Fortian questions do declare whervnto whoso ioyneth the booke that was written by one Landus Hortēsius set foorth without any name hée may bée conuersant among the Italians with great profit and honour Hetherto haue I shewen the causes and effectes of Traueill and noted the diuersitie of the principall Nations of Europe Hereafter I meane to declare how to know whether a man haue gotten any profit by his traueill or not And although it bée harde to iudge of euery perticular since diuerse traueill for diuerse causes some studie one art some another neuerthelesse who so weigheth diligently the meanes whereby euerie Art is learned hee may gather it by verie playne and euident argumentes For as no man accoumpteth hym to bée experte in Physicke that hath no knowledge in simples or that hée is a good Carpenter or Caruer that cannot discerne a Doricke Picture or statue frō a Corinthiā so nether can it be thought that hée hath well employed hys tyme and labour in traueill which hath not amended and encreased by his traueill the knowledge and skill which hee had béefore As for example if there bée one that is a politicke person and bée a Counseller to any Prince or in some frée state and say that hée hath continued some space in Fraunce it bée demaūded of him how many miles Fraunce or Spaine is in length or breadth what fortifications it hath At what syde it is easie or harde to bée assaulted Howe manie great Riuers it hath that cannot bee waded What is the chiefe force and vertue of the Spanyardes and what of the Frenchmen what is the greatest vice in both nacions wherin doth the one or the other moste repast themselues or take greatest delight In what thinge the nobilitie of Fraunce doth differ from the nobilitie of Spain wherein also the commons doe differ of both nacions what are theire studies and maners what diuersitie is béetwéene the buildinges of both those cuntreys which kinge of ether cuntrie is of greater power After what maner the subiectes in both cuntreies shewe their obedience to their prince or oppose themselues against him How mutch the bondage of Fraunce is vnlike to the bondage of Spaine How in those regions the scarcitie of corne and vitaill maye bée eschued what is the guise of Court in doth Realmes and what prouision is made that in time of warre the Husbandmen sustaine no iniurie If therfore hée can sufficiently answere these demaūdes then it is wel if not it is a great presumption that hée hath bestowed his time in other matters rather then by his traueill to know these things which it héehooueth a politicke person or a Counseller to vnderstand although ther withall he know also what kind of Dauncing the Frenchmen or Spaniardes do vse For those things are chiefly to bée obserued which tende to the principall ende not toyes and trifles or such things as appertaine not to the direct ende although we may also haue some vse of them in other affaires In fine to conclude much matter in fewe woordes the most certeine rule to knowe whether a man haue profited by traueiling is whether besides the things that I haue recited in this presēt Chapter you diligently obserue what hée iudgeth in his familiar talke of the landes wherin hée hath traueiled For hée that vnaduisedly derogateth anye thing from the dignitie and excellencie of forreine regions without iust cause preferring his natiue Cuntrey béefore those places the same is ether ruled by affection or of himself rude and foolishe not beinge able to iudge of thinges accordingly And where discretion lacketh there wanteth also choice and where choice wanteth there wisdome is foorth a towne wherwith all other
Schismes and Heresies in religion dissentions in Commonwealthes opinions in Philosophie and Physick with other mischeiues and discommodities in other Artes and thinges nourishyng a certen selfe loue in all men and somtime bringinge destruction vnto whole Commonwealthes ¶ An Answere to the principall question with a notable commendation of Traueill therto annexed The. 9. Chapter NOw therfore it is no hard matter to answer vnto the question which wée mooued at the beginninge and to determine whether Traueill do a man more good or éeuell For who so dilygently weigheth what so euer wée haue sayde hetherto shall perceaue that in time of peace or War it is most profitable vnto all that are desirous to attain vnto vertue or take any great matter in hand Neither is their opinion and iudgement to bée liked of which desire rather to liue obscurelye at home then with commendacion as the Clowne in Claudianus and Polyphemus in Homere And what other doo the Poetes meane by the Goddesses Calipso and Circe whom I haue meâ—â—irned then to reprehende the desire of filthy lustes and obscure Idlenesse and to shew how Vlisses and whosoeuer else is desirous of praise and glorye is nothinge delighted in idlenesse and pleasures but by all meanes endeuoureth to attaine to vertu although he must endure â— M. dangers So haue Christophorus Columbarius and Vespusius assaid infinit perilles who were the finders out of that part of the World whiche they call America Howbeit they haue thereby purchased to themselues euerlastinge memorie leauing behind them to posteritie the trueth of such matter whereof ther was neuer thought to be any such These Philosophers Phisicions Lawiers Iuristes Kinges warriours and Diuines what praise haue thei not gotten by traueillyng That whoso is not coÌ„tented with these let hym adde moreouer vnto them sundrye other excellent meÌ„ whoÌ„ Franciscus Senensis reporteth to haue taken often and longe traueilles in hande whiche they accomplished for vertue and glory sake There haue bene some also whom not so much their owne as others vertue power wisedome hath moued to traueill Like as the holy Scripture witnesseth that the power and wisdome of Salomon was so great that the kinges of Tharsus and Quéenes of Arabia came thither to sée and heare hym and wée reade also how certen noble men came from the furthermost partes of France and Spaine to Titus Liuius that fownteine of eloqueÌ„ce not mooued so muche with the power same of the Citie of Rome as with the report of that one man I my selfe haue séene a Moonke in Bononie who in traueilling ouer his owne cuntrey of Italy spent 9. whole yéeres so surueyinge and discribing it that no man coulde set it foorth more lyuely with pen or expresse it w pensill insomuch that there is not the least thing left out vntouched And yet he was but a Monk whose life ought to be solitarie as Gratian saith none vnles it bée in Cloister as nether the Fishes out of the Water Wherefore neither hypocrisie nor any holynesse of lyfe forbiddeth a man to Traueill so that hée doe it to any honest vse or commoditie redoundinge to himselfe or others Neither are they to bée lyked of who if they would might traueill but had rather liue at home leadinge an obscure lyfe then to wynne praise by traueilyng For such not only offend against their friends and the whole commonwealth but also against theÌ„selues For it is the peculier nature of mankind to be euermore desirous of knowlege and neuer to bée contented with one thing only whether that knowledge come by hearinge or séeinge for man hath these sences whereby he attayneth skill as sayth Aristotle But as Horace witnesseth The things we heare les cause the minde and sences to arise Then doe the thinges in presence whiche are subiect to the eies Yea they are of greater force and efficacie and are more firmely reteyned in memorie which wée se before our eies then the report or only hearesay of any thinge although there come of it no profite no pleasure nor honestye And I haue shewed that by traueilynge there ensueth verie great commoditie in euerie kind of lyfe and as for the honestie thereof no man can doubt being enformed by many examples And if wée measure honestie by paines not rashly but vpon iust cause taken in hand then truely traueill of whiche wée intreat in this place shall yéeld to none For traueillers are enforced to abyde all labors and susteine al troubles Moreouer like as these men whiche may and ought to traueill and yet doo not traueill commit a shamefull deede so they that are giuen to traueilling perfourme a most honest exployt For these doo rightly vse their féet the other abuse them For nature God the maker of all thinge hath not giuen vs féete for â—â—tent wee shoulde walke vp and downe in our owne Citie or Cuntrey only but that if occasion serue wée shuld also go sée and frequent forreine nacions also for else doubtlesse God and Nature woulde haue shut vp the wayes and forbidden the passedge to straunge Cuntries And what can be more delectable then to béeholde the things wherof thou hast read sumthing or heard of other and againe to béeholde in minde and contemplatioÌ„ those things which thou hast somtime séene and to applie them to thy vse Wherein I wyl speake nothinge of the profite or commoditie For it much aueileth vnto the getting of perfect and sownd knowledge or learninge of any Art to trauell vnto such places where such Artes doe most flourish and are faithfully taught So that they deserue none excuse whose lyfe is only to think as Cicero writeth of certen Philosophers and such as get all their wisdome at home being much affeard lest if they traueilled the skie woulde fall on their heades or the earth sinke vnder them when as they might learne that which they séeke for better and with greater profite of straungers and alliens especiallye if they haue money to beare their charges abroade as well as at home And it hapneth manie times that they that kéepe themselues at home vpon this persuasion that there is no lyfe pleasant out of a mans owne Cuntrey or else do feare that by change of place they shoulde also change their maners let them then be wyfe only in theyr owne conceites and contempne others in respecte of themselues beynge puffed vp with an opinion of knowledge a thinge so éeuell that a more woorse or more daungerous in all the Worlde can bée none deuised Eche Land vnto a valient man his cuntrey is right so As is eche sea vnto the sellie fish where ere shee go A man shall euerie where finde sumthinge that hee may learne and that another time may doe hym good Surely the knowledge search of forrein Realmes hath alwaies bin accompted so pleasant profitable and glorious that certen it is that many for none other â—â—â—se then a loue and desire thereof and that they might sée experience of things haue forsaken their
breath whiche a man may soone perceaue by puttinge in his hand It tooke the name hereof in that such as come thither for trials sake are woont to thrust in some Dog whom when they drawe foorth immediatelye for dead presently they cast some of the water of the lake there by vpon hym and so restore him to his former courage and lyfe agayne We besids a dog threw in many very great frogs which because they leaped not foorth presently agayne were killed with that pestilent breath Plinie saith that the territorie of Suessum and Puteoli are certen Caues and hollow places vnder ground which they call Spiracula breathing places others terme them Cheroneae pits exhalynge foorth a mortall and deadly spirite whereof this may be one Forum Vulcani Vulcanes Market place The. 10. Chapter NOt farre from this place is séene a great plain of figure rounde al yelowe with Brimstone hauinge also a peculier lake belonging vnto it which is not great And for as much as the substance of that ground consisteth of mere Sulfur or BrimstoÌ„ which being set on fire boyleth vp therefore Strabo calleth that place Vulcanes Court others haue tearmed it the féeld of Phlegrus as doth Virgill Neere to the lake are seene a fewe litle Cottages made of boughes and néere to them are Killes wherein they boyle Brimston From these whoso walketh alonge by the small guttes for they deserue scarce to bée called by the name of Lakes hée shall perceiue that they send foorth a very thick smoke and that the water boileth very hoat The report goeth and it is lyke enough to be true that if a man cast any lyuing thing into them and after a litle while pluck it foorth agayne hée shall finde nothinge left but bare bones the lyke they report also of egges I wot not what Aboute these small guttes whereof wee nowe speake are founde litle wodden crosses innuerable which some bold and ventrous fellowes haue stucke into the brinks as it were for certen bowndes and tokens after the maner of Hercules pillers for as much as the passedge vnto them is very daungerous For whiche way soeuer you goe you may perceiue by the sownd that the ground is hollow vnderneth out of whiche somtimes sodenly breake vp flames of Brimstone and pay home these venterous fellowes with deserued punishment for their follie For why the vppermost part of the ground is light and drie neither may a man walk ouer eueri part of it I know it well that Plinie the writer of the natural historie is suspected of many to haue intermedled lies with trueth after the maner of the Grecians Howbeit wee our selues haue séene these things also and therfore credit him the rather when hée writeth of these things or of such other lyke For it is most true which hée saith very woorthely in some place that nature which is diffused throughout all earthlye thinges breaketh foorth often shewinge it selfe diuerslye as it were some God or celestiall power Puteoli the Citie of Pozolo The 11. Chapter WHen from this large and lowe plaine we returne vnto the Hill you shall see at the foote thereof a moste plesant place at the shoare of the PuteolaÌ„ sea It is thought that the name Puteolis was deriued of this woorde Puteus which signifieth a Well or sole because in oulde time there was woonte to bee great store in that place if yée lyste therein to followe the deriuacion of the Latine or of the Italyan wherin the Italians cal a pit or Sole by the name of Poreo or else that it is so called of the horible sauour and stench whiche breatheth out of the nigh Mines to wyt of Brimstone and Alume The auncient writers doe call this Towne Dicaearchium And although there bee many that cannot agrée aboute the situation thereof supposinge that it stood sometime in the place where those ruines and downefalles are séene namely at the Hilles Foote or somewhat farther of notwithstandinge the description whiche is set downe by the ould writers declareth that to be false more credible it is that it stood vpon the litle Hill in whiche place at this tyme there stande certen principall Buildinges how bee it it maye bée also that all those other ruines might be part therof as the Suburbes or some other place adioyninge to the Suburbes In the Towne it selfe is nothinge almoste woorthe the sight béesides the Churche which is very auncient and buylded after such maner and fashion that a man may easely perceaue that it was sometime an Heathenish or Ethnick Temple Moreouer there are ingrauen vpon it the names of the workemen that builded it and his name also in honour of whom it was buylded There are also to bée séene the bones of a mans bodyes of monstrous bygnesse vppon which Pomponius Laetus a most diligent searcher out of Antiquities wrote this inscription Who so thou art that heere amazd dost stand To see the hugie bones of Giantes fell Come vnderstand why in Hetrurie lande They do abide This doth the storie tell When in this place Alcides once did dwell And from th'Iberi conquerour came away His beasts he draue along these fields they say Then from this hill that Dicarchëum hight With bended Bow weightie Club in hand These Typhons tall Giants maine of might He draue away quite expulst the laÌ„d This wicked broode could not the God withstaÌ„d But part anon to Hydrus forth them sped And part for succour to the Tuskans fled Howbeit yet this cause of wofull dread That might vnto ech place by them ensue Was sone extinct wheÌ„ all these sends wer dead Whose blood the ground in ech place did imbrue Posteritie to shew that this was true Their bodies keepe of mighty â—im bones To shew the world such meÌ„ there liued ones The inhabitantes of this towne are all for the more parte Fishermen and they rayse a great gayne yéerely of sutche as traueyll thither of purpose to see these Antiquities For they employ theyr traueyll and diligence in giuyng theyr attâ—â—dance vpon them and in shewynge them the Antiquities all alonge that Seacaoste Without the Towne are certeine Monasteries and houses of Religion and manye sumptuous Pallaices béelongyng vnto noble men There are also séene the Monumentes and Fowndacions of verye auncient Romane buildyngs béeynge a thynge moste certeyne that the Senatours and Noblemen of Rome had all theyr delyght and places of pleasure there and in the borders there to neare adioyning wherof I haue hetherto intreated whych maye bée gathered as well oute of Tullies Epystles as out of Polybius Dionysius Halicarnassaeus and Liuie In the Garden of the Fréears Franciscanes there is a lymite or bounde â–ª woorthie to bee viewed and harde by the Towne are certeyne Vaultes and Chambers standynge togyther whiche men thinke were sometyme Bathes In goyng vp to the Monasterie you shall see three verye beawtyfull Pyllers and in goyng downe from it you shall see a passynge large and wyde Amphiteater buylded wyde in the myddle