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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65215	Considerations concerning free-schools as settled in England	Wase, Christopher, 1625?-1690.	1678 (1678)	Wing W1015; ESTC R38239	54,418	122

the Queens decease some men of no mean reputation for Wisdom and place upon whatever occasion or ground of conjecture represented these foundations as too numerous The great Advancer of learning pursuant to that presumption labors with King James to disannul Suttons Will as to that point of the intended Teaching of Children Upon such like suggestions was the accomplish'd Sir Robert Dallington as is said really diverted from setling twenty pound per annum on his fair School-house at Geddington in Northamptonshire where he was born Now if such opinion took place so long time since which notwithstanding Schools not a few have been erected in the Reigns of King James King Charles the first of blessed memory and are daily under our present Soveraign with much more force ought it now to prevail There are yet living who as I am credibly inform'd would have bestow'd Fellowships in the Vniversities were they not dissuaded from that sort of Charity by men on whose parts and integrity they repose intire confidence as having in other causes had experience of them Divers persons of Catholick principles who pay Reverence to Antiquity submission to Councels and Canons who no less approve the Prudence then the zeal of Founders as seeing great use and necessity of Free-Schools yet believe in process of time they may grow too many and from some occurring appearances perhaps they have been apt to conclude that they are so the resort of the whole Question is therefore whether the English Free Grammar-Schools be overproportion'd to the occasions of the Church and State of England The cause imports especially the esteem of later Founders and direction of present Charity but withall it is exceeding perplex'd to state what professions have need of learning and define within what proportions of men any profession should be stinted Then for Schools to compute their Number distinguish of their nature discover their true Revenue carrieth with it no small difficultie yet more then all this must go to the right determining the case propos'd §. 18. The first necessity of raising Learned men is for the Church About 10000 Parishes in England and Wales duely to be supply'd with Pastours Add hereto Dignities Curacies and whatsoever else may give Title to H. Orders not omitting the Plantations the residue of Ecclesiasticks hath been judg'd some 5000 more A great Harvest requireth many Laborers Those therefore that attend on the preparatory part Incumbents on Schools and Colleges in the Universities would be not a few But might not the Collegiate and Cathedral Schools furnish sufficient to this exigence Those who understand what of these are remaining in England whereof some are little more then Choral and what proportion of Scholars are maintain'd in each of them with the fall of places yearly are convinced how vastly short of the necessity that single supply must needs be since in Collegiate Schools and their correlative Colleges not the standing Bodies come here to be consider'd but the succession Besides these therefore in succor to a Church left almost destitute at that juncture several Country Schools have been erected not onely in some Market Towns but elsewhere with freedom to the poor Inhabitants and convenience to those who need not make use of that priviledge These provisions as Rivulets scatter'd through the Vallies have render'd the breadth of the whole Land fruitful which benefit could not have been so conveniently deriv'd from the greater collection of seminaries not upon Church Exhibitions because an exhausted Church in many places scarce able well to sustain its Pastours could ill defray the training up such Students as should be for supply necessary nor upon Pensions from home for where Cures are great and maintenance hardly competent if the Parent must purchase all at the full rate the consequent Benefice would rarely refund the charge of Boording abroad and Schooling both which circumstances upon Free-schools inconsiderately diminish'd have in themselves a manifest tendency to render the Ministry of the Church of England impracticable §. 19. Nor would less dis-service redound to the state Civil then Ecclesiastick from such diminution Counsellers at Law whether civil or common in a Nation ample and mercantile and in a Church aptly organiz'd and order'd cannot be a few and that Courts of judicature administer right judgment would be not in the Law onely but in Arts of reasoning and utterance not unlearned The Militia of the Bar is a standing Army by Parliament allow'd the surest Life-guard of King and People since other force ordinarily in a well settled Government is onely to protect the Ministers of Justice and execute their Decrees As to multiplying Law-suits and immoderate charges orders for the Regulation of those Courts have in no small measure provided against them though I know not whither with some advantage as to those points in the Civil Law where a suspicious allegation is presently stifled by the Oath of Calumny and the Bills of Expence tax'd by the Judge But the decision of this I submit to the impartial and more experienc'd this insertion might have seem'd forreign to my Argument had not the clamor against the Relatives and Retainers upon this noble Faculty been so managed to the Odium of Schools that it could not be wholly omitted §. 20. There is another occasion for Learned men which nearly concerns the welfare of our State In 25 populous Cities and 52 Counties Practitioners of Phisick may be some hundreds there being Hospitals not fewer whereof many have in their life given proof of excellent learning and at their death left estates not inconsiderable These superiour Faculties as they consist of men to whom learning and Industry is of absolute necessity rais'd Fortuns not always requisite so cannot they be well exercis'd without the ministery of subordinate Professions Attorneys Sollicitors Scrivenors have their honest use The Justice of contracts is best preserv'd by those that are least distracted from attendance on their privat occasions and must Lawyers and Justices of Peace have no Clerks to omit the Clerks of several offices in Courts of Judicature or must means of their Education be with-held nay the Nobility and Gentry require servants of different abilities and education The Doctors credit and what of more momenr depends upon it the life of the Patient may miscarry through the ignorance of an Apothecary and the Chirurgion by forreign discourses be more accomplish'd Booksellers Printers have been for learning very famous and Instrumental to it briefly knowledge of Grammar is of use in Navigation and in Travel and in most of the politer Handicrafts in its degree for as the Roman Surveyor saith an Architect neither is nor should be as good a Grammarian as Aristarchus yet not illiterate nor as good a Musician as Aristoxenus yet not unmusical nor as good a Limner as Apelles yet not unskilful at designing nor as good a Founder as Myron or Polycletus yet not ignorant of the way of moulding nor again as good a Physician

length seated in the highest pitch of Ecclesiastical Dignity the Seat of Princes Arch-Bishops have founded Free-Schools and if Piety Prudence and Learning by their King approv'd have advanc'd any to that Seat which at times hath becn with like Vertues adorn'd by Persons of Noble and Royal extraction what room is left for envy By such steps have others ascended in the State to great Trust Why then should it seem cause of offence to any that in a matter of highest moment to be manag'd with Prudence and Courage the scrutiny should not alwaies run upon favour or wealth Princes would not be confin'd to employ men of title or mony but in some Affairs of State require abilities well purchas'd at the expence of both the other Should then the Lord of all have less choice in his Ministers Indeed if the certain labors and danger of the Sacred Function be put in the Ballance with the possible honour and profits there is no place for just resentment that either Nobles or the sons of the Menu as one stileth those that are born of the Commonalty should partake of both indifferently This place seems proper to rectify an opinion about the multitude of poor conceiv'd to be bred up to Learning That I may keep close to our age and Nation the Gentry the Plebeians and the poor consider'd of those that come to the University the poor Servitour in all Colledges is for number inconsiderable The Plebeian that is son of the Yeoman or Trades-man not many and for subsistence oftentimes not worst provided for May not then this ungentle Reflexion however let fly light upon the yonger Sons of the Gentry There are Privileges in the way of an ingenuous Education allow'd the poor and since upon the issue of an unnatural War or otherwise many Families of Gentlemen may have render'd their Children honestly poor nothing but an aversness to learning can dispauper them But suppose we otherwise Obscurity of birth is no Canonical obstruction The poor receiv'd the Gospel and sure they that receive it may deliver it There is an honest ambition in many of mean Fortune Generous seeds which would be cherish'd The Jewish Doctors enjoin Children be taught a Trade but above all Trades the Law The better gifts all should follow though all cannot in the same degree obtain §. 26. The temper of the world in variety of dispositions as in diversity of Sexes is order'd by a Providence more then human But besides our own inclinations the will of Parents our fortunes narrow or over-large alike avert from attendance on studies and determine our counsels so that we are dispos'd by a choice mix'd with necessity But work to be sure directs as to the number of Laborers though ordinarily reward excite industry He that saith England is over-stock'd with Scholars for the proportion of its preferments and for its employment for Lettred Persons would do well seriously to consider who may with any right be term'd a Scholar what is to a modest mind preferment and how large the employment for Lettred Persons is in so great a Church and State Suppose we therefore first adult proficients such as are fit to be employ'd and may need as well as deserve to be prefer'd to a subsistence what I mean may not discredit their profession and may comfort them in their labors Then not insisting at present upon other of the superiour Faculties regard we nearly the occasions of Divinity This Emploiment is large as conversant about divers Millions of Persons in England and Wales It is of necessity as wherein the care of Souls is concern'd It must be perform'd with diligence fidelity and prudence as being the Lords work Compute we therefore the yearly number of Inceptours in Arts in the Universities in both perhaps about three hundred by which number 15000 Incumbencies or Titles being divided will produce a Quotient of more years then Masters after their commencing do usually attain unto in which the Succession of Ministers circulates But must the collation of H. Orders or benefices be restrain'd to degrees What the Canons of the Church and Statutes of the Realm have not positively injoin'd neither doth this disquisition suggest but because some knowledge in Languages and Arts with skill in the H. Scriptures hath been ever accounted preparatory to the Ministry because proficiency cannot amongst us be otherwise more publickly known and because dignities have been usually confer'd upon those who by this means have been found eminent I know no Argument in this case more decretory This also with other proofs Bishops doe respect as a good testimonial and Arch-Bishop Chichley did in his time order that Livings of the greater value should be confer'd on Persons that had taken the higher degrees Before this account pass for evidence it may reasonably be demanded whether many are not us'd in the Church before any of the compleat degrees taken To which this reply will be offerd that if many leave the University before the taking of such Degree and enter upon emploiment a great part of them afterwards return to take it the rest were they not streightned in maintenance or perhaps incumber'd with domestical cares would proceed and therefore further towards satisfying the demand if we resume the former calculation not one in five will be found to arrive at 50 years Master so large is the period of succession assign'd Indeed the matter in question is in its own nature incapable of full demonstration because the term of Life is uncertain Such estimate however as may nearest approach truth is needful to direct practise And unless a Paralogism can be discover'd in the present account it will remain highly probable that there are not too many Scholars in England for the necessary emploiment for lettred Persons whatever the provision for them be §. 27. Neither want there grounds of conjecture that the number of Free-Grammar-Schools is not excessive else what means it that so many privat ones are every where judg'd allowable that divers Parishes find themselves necessitated to entertain Masters upon a voluntary contribution no specious reasoning can conclude against experience With far greater reason do the Canons of our Church give liberty to all Vicars and Curats to take out a licence to teach Grammar And the Canon-Law forbids under severe penalties the not granting freely that is without purchase such licence to any person duely qualified desiring it Much better Catholicks are they therefore that have promoted the good institution of many by providing maintenance for Teachers then those who being otherwise dispos●d propagate evil surmises to the disparagement of these Charities and avert the purposes of such who had intended further incouragement to Learning §. 28. Free-Schools not too many will they say the case is plain for where are there any such in England Hereupon with heat enough urge the intention of Donors every where abus'd salaries paid yet tutorage for all that no where remitted not without some