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thing_n dubious_a shall_v give_v good_a proof_n of_o it_o before_o he_o can_v expect_v to_o gain_v credit_n to_o his_o assertion_n those_o therefore_o who_o so_o positive_o affirm_v the_o use_n of_o the_o cathedral_n way_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o three_o first_o century_n must_v produce_v good_a evidence_n and_o if_o their_o proof_n be_v not_o cogent_a there_o be_v good_a ground_n for_o a_o denial_n the_o strong_a evidence_n that_o usual_o be_v produce_v have_v be_v consider_v and_o weigh_v and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v without_o vanity_n say_v prove_v weak_a and_o insufficient_a till_o therefore_o they_o either_o bring_v better_o or_o better_o strengthen_v and_o support_v these_o they_o can_v reasonable_o refuse_v to_o allow_v we_o to_o withhold_v our_o assent_n the_o negative_a be_v not_o in_o any_o case_n equal_o capable_a of_o proof_n with_o the_o affirmative_a
rise_n of_o that_o way_n of_o worship_n which_o our_o cathedralist_n so_o much_o extol_v and_o in_o comparison_n whereof_o they_o reckon_v the_o worship_n of_o those_o who_o stated_o wait_v on_o god_n like_o honest_a christian_n in_o their_o parish_n church_n to_o be_v poor_a mean_a and_o beggarly_a i_o will_v omit_v no_o material_a circumstance_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o narrow_a compass_n of_o my_o read_n which_o may_v either_o seem_v to_o make_v for_o their_o cause_n or_o help_v to_o afford_v any_o light_n and_o make_v a_o few_o reflection_n as_o i_o go_v along_o that_o i_o may_v seem_v heavy_a flat_a and_o tedious_a after_o all_o the_o stir_n that_o have_v be_v make_v the_o first_o certain_a hint_n that_o can_v be_v fix_v on_o in_o ecclesiastical_a antiquity_n of_o cathedral_n chant_v be_v in_o the_o church_n of_o antioch_n during_o the_o administration_n of_o leontius_n who_o be_v advance_v to_o that_o see_v a._n c._n 347._o and_o continue_v in_o it_o till_o the_o year_n 356._o in_o which_o interval_n of_o time_n flavianus_n who_o be_v afterward_o himself_o advance_v to_o this_o see_v and_o diodorus_n afterward_o bishop_n of_o tarsus_n divide_v the_o choir_n into_o two_o part_n and_o make_v they_o sing_v the_o psalm_n of_o david_n alternate_o which_o custom_n say_v theodoret_n begin_v first_o at_o antioch_n and_o thence_o spread_v itself_o to_o other_o place_n and_o reach_v even_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n leontius_n the_o bishop_n 24._o be_v a_o arian_n and_o subtle_o undermine_v the_o nicene_n faith_n of_o which_o flavianus_n and_o diodorus_n set_v up_o for_o zealous_a defender_n they_o be_v both_o engage_v in_o a_o monastic_a life_n and_o in_o great_a repute_n for_o piety_n and_o therefore_o although_o as_o the_o historian_n observe_v they_o be_v as_o yet_o mere_a layman_n and_o not_o in_o order_n yet_o they_o have_v a_o great_a many_o follower_n and_o their_o way_n of_o antiphonal_a sing_v which_o they_o set_v up_o in_o separate_a assembly_n be_v general_o so_o take_v that_o they_o draw_v all_o the_o people_n from_o leontius_n their_o bishop_n who_o thereupon_o desire_v they_o to_o bring_v their_o new_a fashion_n service_n into_o the_o church_n so_o that_o this_o so_o much_o admire_v service_n be_v first_o set_v on_o foot_n in_o order_n ☞_o to_o the_o entice_a people_n from_o the_o arian_n to_o please_v the_o mob_n and_o keep_v they_o from_o run_v after_o those_o by_o who_o they_o will_v be_v seduce_v but_o for_o my_o part_n i_o must_v declare_v i_o be_o rather_o for_o leave_v those_o art_n and_o shift_n to_o person_n of_o sectarian_n principles_n let_v truth_n make_v its_o own_o way_n i_o can_v apprehend_v it_o any_o great_a service_n to_o it_o to_o gain_v it_o proselyte_n by_o any_o such_o entice_a method_n and_o i_o very_o much_o question_n whether_o those_o who_o be_v attract_v mere_o by_o the_o pompousness_n of_o worship_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v any_o great_a credit_n to_o the_o party_n they_o fall_v in_o with_o however_o thus_o stand_v fact_n at_o antioch_n where_o person_n be_v first_o call_v christian_n be_v christian_n first_o teach_v to_o turn_v the_o church_n into_o a_o stage_n there_o be_v that_o way_n of_o sing_v first_o introduce_v which_o have_v turn_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n into_o a_o artificial_a contrivance_n and_o which_o shall_v it_o universal_o prevail_v will_v transform_v religion_n into_o mere_a mechanism_n of_o this_o flavianus_n be_v the_o great_a occasion_n a_o man_n who_o stand_v brand_v in_o ecclesiastic_a history_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o most_o solemn_a oath_n whereby_o 11._o for_o the_o prevent_v a_o perpetual_a schism_n in_o the_o church_n of_o antioch_n he_o and_o five_o more_o stand_v bind_v not_o to_o covet_v the_o bishopric_n of_o that_o see_v and_o not_o to_o accept_v it_o although_o elect_a while_o paulinus_n and_o meletius_n be_v alive_a notwithstanding_o which_o oath_n he_o after_o the_o death_n of_o meletius_n in_o opposition_n to_o paulinus_n who_o yet_o survive_v ready_o accept_v the_o bishopric_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v he_o for_o which_o notorious_a perjury_n he_o be_v deserve_o detest_v by_o all_o the_o western_a bishop_n i_o know_v it_o be_v plead_v on_o his_o behalf_n that_o he_o herein_o act_v with_o the_o advice_n and_o approbation_n of_o a_o synod_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o east_n who_o unanimous_o elect_v he_o when_o they_o be_v meet_v together_o in_o council_n at_o constantinople_n but_o that_o only_o prove_v that_o those_o who_o possess_v the_o chief_a dignity_n of_o the_o church_n begin_v betimes_o to_o act_v more_o out_o of_o interest_n than_o a_o principle_n of_o conscience_n of_o which_o there_o be_v alas_o but_o too_o many_o instance_n but_o prove_v not_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o fact_n our_o cathedralist_n have_v no_o great_a cause_n to_o be_v proud_a of_o their_o founder_n who_o in_o so_o scandalous_a a_o manner_n mount_v the_o episcopal_a throne_n however_o though_o he_o be_v loose_a in_o his_o moral_n yet_o he_o be_v very_o fond_a of_o ceremonial_n a_o unhappy_a conjunction_n too_o oft_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o every_o age_n he_o seem_v to_o have_v reckon_v his_o anthem_n a_o sort_n of_o magical_a charm_n proper_a to_o appease_v both_o god_n and_o man._n we_o meet_v with_o a_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o his_o reliance_n upon_o their_o virtue_n when_o he_o be_v send_v as_o a_o public_a agent_n to_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n the_o case_n be_v this_o the_o city_n of_o antioch_n have_v by_o a_o popular_a sedition_n incur_v the_o emperor_n displeasure_n and_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o consequence_n whereupon_o flavianus_n be_v by_o common_a consent_n depute_v as_o their_o mediator_n with_o he_o to_o pacify_v 23._o his_o anger_n and_o implore_v their_o pardon_n he_o undertake_v the_o business_n and_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o soften_a than_o his_o beloved_a church-music_n order_v the_o usual_a service_n to_o be_v sing_v before_o the_o emperor_n at_o his_o table_n and_o for_o once_o make_v a_o choir_n of_o the_o imperial_a dining-room_n the_o design_n succeed_v the_o emperor_n take_v pity_n he_o weep_v most_o tender_o and_o the_o city_n be_v receive_v into_o favour_n behold_v here_o a_o instance_n of_o the_o charm_a power_n of_o the_o cathedral_n service_n how_o can_v the_o antiochian_o forbear_v have_v a_o mighty_a esteem_n and_o reverence_n for_o their_o late_a invention_n which_o they_o find_v have_v such_o a_o melt_a virtue_n how_o easy_o be_v they_o persuade_v that_o it_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v as_o move_v to_o god_n as_o they_o find_v it_o have_v be_v to_o man_n what_o wonder_v then_o that_o this_o city_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o alternate_a singing_n no_o where_o do_v we_o hear_v so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o there_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n julian_n they_o convey_v the_o corpse_n of_o st._n babylas_n the_o martyr_n from_o daphne_n where_o the_o daemon_n can_v not_o bear_v his_o neighbourhood_n and_o carry_v it_o through_o their_o 10._o city_n in_o triumph_n sing_v all_o the_o way_n they_o go_v with_o great_a joy_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o choir_n the_o whole_a company_n join_v in_o this_o response_n at_o every_o period_n confound_v be_v all_o they_o that_o worship_n graven_n image_n the_o same_o sort_n of_o reception_n they_o give_v also_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n to_o the_o corpse_n of_o their_o bishop_n meletius_n which_o 10._o be_v deposit_v near_o that_o of_o st._n babylas_n and_o many_o other_o way_n do_v they_o show_v their_o fondness_n of_o it_o the_o prevalence_n of_o antiphonal_a sing_v in_o such_o a_o city_n as_o antioch_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o syria_n a_o place_n of_o great_a resort_n and_o of_o a_o mighty_a influence_n much_o further_v its_o spread_a in_o other_o part_n between_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 360_o and_o 370_o there_o be_v a_o council_n hold_v in_o the_o city_n of_o laodicea_n upon_o what_o occasion_n be_v not_o now_o certain_o know_v among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v then_o determine_v that_o 15._o there_o shall_v be_v canonical_a singer_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v sing_v out_o of_o write_a book_n and_o that_o none_o else_o shall_v sing_v in_o the_o church_n who_o have_v the_o frame_n of_o these_o canon_n and_o what_o bishop_n meet_v in_o this_o council_n i_o can_v find_v out_o but_o meet_v with_o this_o reason_n assign_v by_o baronius_n for_o this_o particular_a canon_n about_o singer_n because_o say_v he_o when_o 28._o the_o people_n and_o clergy_n sing_v promiscuous_o through_o the_o unskilfulness_n of_o the_o singer_n it_o oft_o fall_v out_o that_o by_o the_o disorderly_a sound_n of_o voice_n the_o diversity_n mar_v that_o harmonious_a sing_v which_o be_v congruous_a to_o the_o church_n dignity_n therefore_o it_o be_v prohibit_v the_o people_n in_o the_o church_n and_o order_v that_o none_o shall_v sing_v but_o
gravity_n simplicity_n 7._o and_o piety_n than_o his_o depth_n and_o solidity_n he_o be_v too_o great_a a_o admirer_n of_o the_o greek_n who_o he_o follow_v blindfold_a it_o have_v long_o since_o be_v observe_v of_o he_o by_o st._n jerom_n that_o he_o often_o transcribe_v the_o greek_a father_n in_o his_o write_n no_o wonder_n therefore_o if_o he_o follow_v they_o in_o ritual_a matter_n he_o have_v particular_o a_o great_a veneration_n for_o st._n basil_n in_o imitation_n of_o who_o he_o introduce_v the_o service_n of_o the_o choir_n at_o milan_n of_o which_o we_o have_v this_o account_n when_o he_o be_v persecute_v by_o the_o empress_n justina_n the_o people_n watch_v all_o night_n in_o the_o church_n and_o then_o he_o appoint_v that_o psalm_n and_o hymn_n shall_v be_v sing_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o oriental_a country_n lest_o the_o people_n shall_v pine_v away_o with_o the_o tediousness_n of_o sorrow_n and_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o custom_n be_v retain_v and_o spread_v to_o all_o the_o western_a part_n but_o i_o must_v be_v excuse_v if_o i_o can_v lay_v so_o great_a a_o stress_n on_o this_o honest_a father_n judgement_n and_o practice_n as_o some_o other_o may_v do_v for_o a_o visionary_a inclination_n be_v with_o i_o wherever_o i_o meet_v with_o it_o a_o great_a mark_n of_o weakness_n of_o this_o we_o have_v in_o he_o a_o notorious_a instance_n in_o one_o of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a passage_n of_o his_o life_n which_o relate_v to_o his_o 22._o management_n of_o the_o relic_n of_o st._n gervasius_n and_o st._n protasius_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o give_v this_o account_n have_v build_v a_o church_n in_o the_o city_n of_o milan_n he_o be_v desire_v to_o consecrate_v it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o roman_a church_n i._n e._n another_o church_n that_o be_v near_o the_o roman_a gate_n he_o promise_v it_o provide_v he_o find_v any_o relic_n and_o thereupon_o get_v some_o officer_n to_o dig_v about_o the_o rail_n that_o encompass_v the_o tomb_n of_o st._n felix_n and_o st._n nabor_n the_o martyr_n digging_z they_o find_v the_o body_n of_o two_o proper_a person_n besprinkle_v with_o blood_n which_o with_o great_a solemnity_n be_v carry_v and_o inter_v in_o the_o new-built_a church_n after_o have_v wrought_v a_o great_a many_o miraculous_a cure_n in_o his_o two_o sermon_n which_o he_o preach_v upon_o this_o occasion_n which_o i_o will_v commend_v to_o the_o perusal_n of_o all_o those_o who_o reckon_v thing_n and_o sentiment_n must_v if_o ancient_n be_v good_a of_o course_n he_o tell_v his_o hearer_n that_o these_o be_v the_o body_n of_o st._n gervasius_n and_o protasius_n and_o though_o he_o do_v not_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o acquaint_v they_o how_o he_o come_v to_o know_v so_o much_o yet_o st._n austin_n who_o be_v at_o that_o time_n at_o milan_n tell_v we_o he_o have_v his_o intelligence_n in_o a_o vision_n for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o 7._o clear_o for_o plain_a ground_n for_o i_o find_v precipice_n dangerous_a once_o admit_v vision_n in_o the_o case_n of_o relic_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v be_v refuse_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o transubstantiation_n or_o any_o other_o dotage_n if_o we_o have_v a_o sure_a word_n of_o prophecy_n let_v we_o stick_v to_o it_o shall_v a_o man_n bring_v his_o vision_n into_o the_o pulpit_n in_o our_o time_n either_o in_o the_o court_n city_n or_o university_n he_o will_v at_v once_o forfeit_v whatever_o reputation_n he_o be_v master_n of_o and_o why_o we_o shall_v give_v a_o letter_n of_o licence_n to_o a_o ancient_n and_o deny_v it_o to_o a_o modern_a preacher_n i_o can_v imagine_v in_o a_o word_n i_o honour_v the_o piety_n of_o st_n ambrose_n yet_o can_v but_o be_v loath_a to_o admit_v he_o a_o precedent_n where_o any_o thing_n dubious_a be_v under_o consideration_n for_o i_o be_o satisfy_v we_o have_v many_o a_o honest_a country_n parson_n that_o be_v able_a to_o see_v as_o far_o as_o he_o the_o three_o admire_v patron_n be_v the_o great_a st._n chrysostom_n concern_v who_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v at_o antioch_n where_o we_o have_v find_v the_o cathedral_n chant_v be_v first_o introduce_v he_o be_v make_v a_o deacon_n there_o by_o meletius_n and_o afterward_o a_o presbyter_n by_o flavianus_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o service_n of_o who_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o great_a admirer_n so_o that_o he_o imbibe_v the_o love_n of_o antiphonal_n sing_v almost_o with_o his_o mother_n milk_n and_o be_v all_o along_o breed_v up_o in_o the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o he_o must_v be_v altogether_o unacquainted_a with_o humane_a nature_n who_o know_v not_o the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o education_n when_o he_o be_v once_o advance_v to_o the_o see_v of_o constantinople_n he_o soon_o find_v occasion_n to_o introduce_v the_o antiochian_a custom_n historian_n relate_v it_o thus_o the_o arian_n in_o that_o city_n be_v grow_v very_o insolent_a they_o keep_v their_o conventicle_n 8._o out_o of_o town_n but_o be_v wont_n upon_o saturday_n and_o sunday_n 8._o which_o be_v constant_a time_n for_o the_o public_a assembly_n to_o come_v within_o the_o city_n and_o divide_v themselves_o into_o company_n they_o walk_v about_o the_o public_a portico_n sing_v as_o they_o go_v along_o hymn_n compose_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o principle_n one_o part_n responding_z to_o the_o other_o add_v petulant_a reflection_n on_o the_o catholic_n thus_o they_o do_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o night_n and_o early_o the_o next_o morning_n they_o march_v through_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o city_n sing_v their_o antiphonal_a hymn_n and_o so_o go_v out_o to_o their_o own_o meetinghouse_n st._n chrysostom_n in_o opposition_n to_o they_o deliver_v hymn_n to_o some_o of_o his_o people_n to_o be_v sing_v in_o the_o night_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o that_o the_o business_n may_v be_v manage_v with_o the_o great_a pomp_n and_o solemnity_n procure_v cross_n of_o silver_n to_o be_v make_v at_o the_o empress_n charge_v and_o order_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v light_v torch_n bear_v before_o they_o and_o get_v briso_n the_o empress_n own_o eunuch_n as_o preceptor_n to_o walk_v before_o the_o company_n which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o great_a scuffle_n and_o sedition_n in_o the_o city_n that_o issue_v in_o the_o utter_a expulsion_n of_o the_o arian_n but_o this_o way_n of_o sing_v thus_o introduce_v be_v as_o sozomen_n observe_v use_v at_o constantinople_n from_o that_o day_n forward_o which_o be_v to_o i_o a_o plain_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o introduce_v there_o before_o for_o otherwise_o he_o will_v hardly_o have_v take_v such_o particular_a notice_n of_o it_o however_o it_o have_v not_o be_v long_o there_o before_o it_o be_v manage_v in_o so_o unseemly_a a_o manner_n as_o make_v the_o good_a man_n who_o first_o bring_v it_o in_o perfect_o ashamed_a for_o the_o singer_n affect_v such_o mimical_a gesture_n and_o boisterous_a clamour_n as_o turn_v the_o church_n into_o a_o mere_a stage_n whereupon_o he_o with_o great_a vehemence_n warmth_n and_o gravity_n reprove_v they_o tell_v they_o that_o their_o rude_a voice_n which_o give_v a_o uncertain_a chrysost_n sound_n rather_o become_v theatre_n than_o the_o church_n of_o god_n 128._o because_o they_o be_v borrow_a from_o thence_o and_o be_v unseemly_a for_o the_o church_n in_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o reverence_n because_o of_o his_o tremendous_a presence_n who_o observe_v the_o motion_n of_o every_o one_o there_o yea_o he_o declare_v he_o reckon_v those_o rude_a voice_n in_o sing_v for_o token_n of_o a_o uncomposed_a mind_n which_o declare_v that_o man_n be_v rather_o mad_a than_o humble_o confess_v their_o sin_n to_o god_n and_o with_o a_o become_a lowliness_n beg_v his_o pardon_n for_o they_o which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o a_o retractation_n of_o his_o former_a fact_n when_o he_o see_v the_o profaneness_n to_o which_o it_o give_v occasion_n and_o intimate_v a_o abatement_n of_o his_o fondness_n for_o the_o cathedral_n service_n when_o he_o find_v how_o much_o religion_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n be_v like_a to_o suffer_v by_o it_o we_o may_v very_o well_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o fervent_a piety_n and_o zeal_n for_o god_n can_v he_o have_v know_v the_o mischief_n it_o occasion_v in_o succeed_a age_n will_v have_v make_v he_o as_o forward_o to_o throw_v it_o out_o as_o ever_o he_o be_v to_o bring_v it_o in_o upon_o the_o whole_a there_o be_v no_o great_a room_n for_o boast_v of_o these_o three_o patron_n for_o the_o first_o be_v repute_v a_o innovator_n in_o that_o very_a respect_n wherein_o our_o cathedralist_n urge_v his_o authority_n the_o second_o in_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n make_v more_o use_n of_o other_o man_n