amongst the furrowes whom the subtile Greeke prudently shunning he by this act manifested that he was well in his wits and no Foole at all But because there be some that otherwhiles play the Fooles in iest with that little folly they haue in their heads it being a manifest signe of folly to play the Foole for no purpose at all to giue other men contentment by such men I say we onely meane it when in this our Hospital we place Parasiticall or counterfeit Fooles And there is no doubt but that amongst these men we may well reckon that Gallus Vibius named by Caelius in the sixt booke of his ancient lectures the fiue and thirtie chapter who many times fayning himselfe to be a Foole and iesting in this manner at last he came to be so in good earnest growing a starcke naturall Foole to the ende that whereas he scoffed and deluded others for chastisement of his folly he might at last remaine derided and flouted himself In our daies one Garbinello hath a notable grace in playing of the foole who as in representing a poore Padoan countrey man a Magnifico or some doddipoule Doctor Gratian he hath no fellow so in this other kind of dissimulation exceedeth he all others for whosoeuer heareth or seeth him by actions gestures and words iudgeth him to bee no other then a naturall Foole. In this point Pedretto of Moiano one like the other shewed himselfe a gallant fellow for when the Venetian Signiors vpon important occasions pressing ordinarie galleots or saylers in their state would also haue commaunded this man to goe although he shunned not to be in the galleies with many others yet to giue some recreation to certaine gentlemen his friends with whom he had compacted he appeared one day apparelled after the saylers fashion with a chaine at his leg before the Captaine of these companies and with an oare in his hand hee began a little of himselfe to rowe and sing at the oares as they doe and afterwards taking the whistle in his hand which they vse in galleies he made an excellent call therewith as could bee deuised after this hauing a sacke full of bisket before him hee began to distribute it amongst the companie and carried the Captaine a great peece of it saying how that and an head of Garlicke made a gossips feast a ship-boord and at last taking a Turkish cymitar and drawing it amongst the companie he began to crie out allai allai maumeth russelai which importeth as much as God and great Mahumet and began to flourish therewith against the winde sometimes striking here sometimes there while at the last all sweatie and wearie euerie one beholding him hee fell downe as dead wrapping himselfe in a marriners rug and calling a notarie to set downe his last will and testament wherein leauing some thing to euerie one he said that he bequeathed to the Captaine of the companie a great lubber and knaue to be buried and that being a marriner he would be enterred in no other place then in the gallie-pumpe because that was the most conuenient graue for his knaueship and while he dissembling himselfe to be dead they would haue carried him away he leaps me vp of a sudden and said to the Captaine Signior Captaine I assure you that among all the saylers you haue pressed there is not a woorser then my selfe wherfore dismisse me at this time for Gods sake if you will not haue your galleie to carrie the woorst name of any that belongeth to the Signioria for which cause the Captaine smiling and taking great pleasure in this conceit hee was for this time content to remit him seeing he had counterfeited the Foole so cunningly and gaue him moreouer a mocenigo or peece of golde about a ducate in value saying pray to God that though at this time you scape the galleies you light not hereafter vpon the gallowes Now these be Fooles that in the Hospitall maintaine for ensigne before their Cell the image of Mercurie as the god of all knaues and craftie iackes like to themselues to whom for this consideration I direct the petition ensuing instigating him to the protection of such like people A supplication to god Mercurie for parasiticall and counterfeit Fooles LOoke what helpe is to be looked for from the sonne of Iupiter and Cyllena is expected from thee concerning these Fooles O thou great interpreter of the gods because these be properly they that conforme themselues so iumpe with thy genius and humour as that they seeme to all the world thy coosen germaines These as thou seest be dissemblers and thy selfe the god of deceit being he who with such notable cosenage did'st steale away Apollo his kine from Argos their heardsman But if this suffice not to mooue thee why then by the famous and honourable titles which thou obtainest of Poets first of Hermetes that is expounder of words of Camillus that is a seruant or nuntio thou being highest Iupiter his messenger of Alipedes for the wings thou hast at thy legs as the celestiall Purseuant of Manigena for that thou wert borne of Maia the daughter of Athlantes of Arcades because thou wert brought forth in Arcadia of Cyllenius in that thou wert borne on mount Cyllena of Lygius Agryphon and Nomius all of them with vehement intreaties beseech thee to haue that care of them which to so great a God appertayneth seemeth but correspōdent to so feruent effectuall recōmendations And the more to prouoke thee to this charitable enterprise they set before thy eies so many of thy performed honorable actions as to haue beene the inuentor of the Harpe of wrestling of merchandize and of Rhetoricke to haue first instructed the Aegyptians in good letters freed Mars out of prison and bound Prometheus in mount Caucasus causing him to be torne into mammocks by vultures and they beseech thee by these famous former exploites that it would please thee to adde thereunto the wise and valiant defence of this kind of fooles The which if thou shalt execute expect without any delay before thy image in the Temple of the Phenicians the oblation of a Foxes skinne which will be an offering much conformable both to them and thy selfe Of lunaticall and Fooles by season the seuenteenth discourse THere are but fewe that knowe not these kinde of fooles by their name onely whom at this present we terme lunaticall or fooles by season who bicause they are not continually vexed with this furie but onely sometimes and with certaine intermission haue obtained the imposition or name of lunatickes they appeering mutable in this infirmitie of their follie like the moone or rather bicause this kinde of madnes is proper and peculiar to those that are borne in the eclipse or else in that in the waining or encrease of the moone and according to the diuers alterations of it this infirmitie somtimes greatly aboundeth and otherwhiles also hath his force exceedingly abated Wherefore Iulius Firmicus in the fourth booke
let him onely read the description of Bacchus set downe by the Poets for by this he shall be cleerely satisfied concerning the errour thereof For Bacchus was painted in forme of a boy in that drunkardes forgoe their wit and vnderstanding in womans forme bicause drunkards performe no operation manlike disroabed and naked for that a man can communicate no secret with ebrious men and drawen in a chariot bicause instabilitie and inconstancie is incident to them with an iuie garland about his head in that as the iuie weakeneth and ruinateth wals so drunkards are apt to all kinde of waste spoile And thus much may suffice for this race of fooles who within the Hospitall before their Cell haue god Abstemius for an ensigne bicause he is the protector and aduocate of all drunkardes wherefore let vs haue recourse vnto him in this petition following for their fauour and furtherance A petition to god Abstemius for drunken Fooles WIth fewe words but with so much the more groaning of spirite in such great need I come vnto thee O thou contemner of Lyaeus aduersarie to Bacchus foe to Liberus and mortall enimie to Bromius beseeching thee by that vertue through which thou didst effect that the Locrians held it for a capital offence to be drunken with wine stirredst vp in Mosco Sophista and Apollonius Thianeus thoughts heere from so remote and alienate they hating the Phigalians aboue any contagious disease in that their whole life was in the bottome of cellers that thou wouldest reforme these men of this foolish desire they haue to be euery day drunke And if thou grantest them this grace and fauour we at this present make a vowe to hang vp before thy image a bottle ful of good Zante cuite in token of the health thou hast vouchsafed this foolish crew more of good will then for any vse thou hast of it Peace be with thee and helpe those that haue need of thy assistance Of harebraind and forgetfull Fooles the sixt discourse AMongst the Phisitions of late time Iohn Fernelius Ambianus in defining what madnes is precisely vttreth these words that Amentia est vel imaginationis vel mentis occasus atque priuatio qua iam ab ipso ortu perculsi affectique vix inopia mentis loqui discunt which importeth that madnes is a priuation or falling away of imagination or the minde wherewith they stroken and possessed from their birth scarcely through this impotencie of minde learne to speake and he addeth heereunto In this kinde is a slipperie and brittle memorie the losse of which memorie constituteth those sorte of fooles whom wee vsually terme harebrainde or forgetfull and these men in this one point may easily be discerned for they retaine with them no discourse at all nor enioy not the least sparke of meditation that opinion of Galens continuing true in the Proeme of his booke of Sects that Memoriam commendat magna frequens rerum meditatio great and frequent meditation of things confirmeth memorie True it is that these fooles may spring and arise from some defect in nature as also from some extraordinarie accident while a man is adultus or in adolescencie as examples by authors produced giue testimonie to the whole world Caelius amongst others speaking of those who by accident haue lost their memory saith that Messala Coruinus a singular Oratour in his time two yeeres before he died lost his memory in such a sorte that he coulde not deliuer fower words togither of one matter or that might be sensible in the vnderstanding and eares of an hearer The like Bibaculus writeth to haue hapned to Orbilius Beneuentanus he that by Marcus Tullius is called the seuere or rigorous master towards his schollers Among those so sterile of memorie Cicero setteth downe the example of Curio the greater who was of so little and brittle memorie that sometimes in iudgement he forgot the whole cause discussed of And Seneca writeth of Caluisius Sabinus that naturally hee was endued with so fraile a memorie as sometimes he would forget Vlysses name now Priamus and anone that of Achilles although before they were setled in his minde The admirable follie of Corebus son to Migdo a Phrigian concerning memorie is celebrated by Lucianus and Eustasius for he contended to number the most frequent and often waues of the sea although naturally he could not go aboue the nūber of fiue And Plinie for a last exāple reciteth how the Thracians are of so dull a wit and fickle memorie that they cannot reckon to the number of fower And of Atticus the sonne of Herode Sophista he declareth for a certaine truth that he was of so slipperie a retention as he could not carrie in minde the first letters or alphabet of his owne countrie language The intemperature of the braine is the cause of al this as phisitions affirme which maketh all the officiall and functiue parts full of heauines and indisposition and so through this hebetude to vse their terme vnapt to keepe in minde any thing Amongst these of our time the example of one Melchior of Riuabassa is most notable who in his time was so forgetfull harebraind a foole that when any asked him his fathers or mothers names he was not sufficient to call them to minde And this is that sottish Melchior which one day at Bergamo faire demanded of his friend whether the Iewes were Christians or no. As also that other exāple of Marchetto of Toletino is very ridiculous who being inuited to dinner by certaine gentlemen of Foligno and by reason of his age wanting teeth wherewith to chew he forgot certaine artificiall teeth which bounde fast togither with a siluer wier or threed he was woont to vse and returning home he turned all thinges topsie turuie euen to a great barne of corne which hee had thinking that vndoubtedly hee had left them there within These be therefore giddie headed and forgetfull fooles who haue allotted vnto them within the Hospitall a roome which is called the lodge of obliuion hauing before the gate hanging out for a signe the image of Caron as a god propitious and fauourable to their necessities vpon whom therefore in their aide and assistance I call with this inuocation following A supplication vnto Caron for harebraind and forgetfull Fooles NOw I turn me to old Caron prince of the Stigian lake lorde of Cocytus famous pylate of Lethes principall keeper of Phlegeton and by thy boate which ferrieth ouer mortall men to the lake of obliuion I intreate thee that thou wouldst looke backe vpon this forgetfull rablement who hauing lost their remembrance of things worldly stande plunged in the water of Lethes nay gorged vp to the very throat Vouchsafing helpe to this madging thou shalt before thy graue bearded image and in the temple consecrated to thy name amongst the Cizenians see hanged vp a case of crickets as a signe of thy helping these
creatures Hereupon Marcus Tullius in the second of his Orator declaring the nature propertie of one these saith thus Qui tempus quid postulet non videt aut plura loquitur aut se ostentat aut eorum cum quibus est vel dignitatis vel commodi rationem non habet aut denique in aliquo genere inconcinnus aut multus est is ineptus dicitur He that obserueth not what the time requireth babling out many things vaunting himselfe hauing no respect to the dignitie or commoditie of those in whose companie he is or that to conclude in any kinde whatsoeuer is inseasonable or superfluous may be said to be foolish In my opinion that ancient Amphistides named by Caelius may well be placed in the number of these men who was of so flat and rebated a braine as he knew not thus much whether he came of a father and mother as commonly we doe or no. Acesias the Phisition may likewise be numbred among these senselesse for this was his propertie that when he had any cure in hand he administred to him in a quite contrarie course to that he should haue done whereupon Paulus Manutius vseth this prouerbe Acesias Medicatus est Acesias did such a cure Among those of our time Franceschino of Montecuculo was held for a great Dizzard who conforming himselfe in actions with the name of his countrey entring into the court to defend a client of his alleaged such testimonie and proofe as was quite contrarie to the poore man A certaine fellow called Hortensio of Sarni was by a iudge in some particular cause reprooued for a Foole of this kinde for hauing framed a processe for the Latinitie thereof altogether excellent and Ciceronian yet in the rest of the clauses so impertinent and out of order as the Iudge was vrged to tell him that another time he might doe well and bring before him some countrey or Scottish Iigs for such bables would better content him in the reading then such a bald processe of Piouan Arlotto That Castelline grosser shewed himselfe to be anotable Foole and buzzard who when he should haue serued a maide with starche sold her in steed thereof powdred Arsenicke Christalline who through his folly caused the mistres of the house well neere to die with the fume of the same No lesse a wise-aker did one Lirone some applesquier manifest himself who when he was willed to scum the pipkin that ranne ouer not knowing what to doe put out all the broath leauing the meate drye in the pipkins bottom while the Cooke was readie to serue in dinner No lesse sottish was Bastiano of Monselice who seruing a certaine Neapolitane Signior that commaunded him to set vpon the table some citrons and oranges went into the orchard and pluckt vp by the rootes the best plants of the same that were in the whole orchard bringing them all in a bundell to his master with great dammage and no small reproche to himselfe A like example to this is that of another Bergamascan blockhead who being commāded by his master that he should go vp into the Lobby and fetch some billets to burne he went with an hatchet in his hand and began to hew hard at certaine beames that sustained the house when his master obseruing his delay fetch him downe with sound bastinadoes on his shoulders But this other example of Lucchino of Fusolara is not altogether thread-bare for he seruing one of these that sell Malmsie whiles his master willed him to entertaine a certaine honest man his friend and that he should taste of euerie hogshead meaning that hee should broach them tooke one of those great beetles that wood-cleauers vse with which he staued more then fower before his master was ware of his owne errour or the others simplicitie Marie this last exāple is that which carries it for Bartolo of Calepio in Bergamasco being seruitor in Venice with a verie rich chandler who one day being to make Tapers the vessell boyling hot and the waxe beeing melted demaunded what it was that so boyled in the vessell to whom his master smoothly answered without laughing that it was sugar and honie mixed together to make marchpanes of whereupon this liquorish cockscomb tarrying while his master would bee out of the way hee tooke one of the shoppe ladles and before the waxe was cold while it was good and hotte hee suppes mee vppe a ladell full of the same so melting his teeth toong and bowelles that hee was readie in a manner to brast and recounting this accident to his master he likewise with laughing almost splitte himselfe perceiuing this nyddicocke to bee thus beguiled These therefore bee senselesse or giddie-headded Fooles who in the Hospitall enioy a Cell which hath hanging out the goddesse Bubona for a signe as one truely fauourable to such like men wherefore in this inuocation following they be recommended to her An Inuocation vpon the goddesse Bubona for senselesse and giddie-headed Fooles THese Geese of Romagna Puglian sheepe and Asses of Marcanconitan infinitely recommend themselues to the most happie goddesse Bubona friend to Pan Ladie of the Flocks keeper of the Heards and most faithfull guardian of the sheepfolds and they coniure thee by the loue of Pasiphaes Bull Aristo Ephesian his Asse Cratides the shepheard his goate and by the mare so deerely beloued of Fuluius that thou wilt also protect this flocke of the foresaid creatures little differing from them and if it fall out that thou shalt vndertake their tuition as they desire they will consecrate vnto thee a wild whole roasted Buffle and therewith sing an excellent hymne which in euerie verse shal make mention of Bubona and the Buffle together Reach therefore thy helping hand to these Buffles if thou mindest that this inuocation shall be consecrated with all honor and glorie Of plaine lourdish and naturall Fooles the eleuenth discourse THere be certaine silly wretches in the world so blockish in resoning harsh in proceeding in their operatiōs proceedings negotiations so foolish that in al right they obtaine the title of lourdish natural fooles in the world being distinct from al those we haue before made mention of And if we be content to referre our selues to the examples of ancient writers we must necessarily affirme that Miltiades so celebrated by Homere was one of these archdolts for he then came to succour Troy when the citie was alreadie ruinated and destroyed and therefore it grew into a prouerbe with Lucian Mitiadis auxilium the succour of Miltiades when men would speake of slow aide or succours or of a grosse and witlesse man One Mammachutus also is made famous by Aristophanes for this one point for in his proceedings of the world he was so stupide and insensate as from him it commeth that all naturals and cockscombes are as it were prouerbially called Mammachutes This dizzardly crew is made renowmed by Gratianus of Bologna in his Comedies for when you heare such a like
THE HOSPITALL OF INCVRABLE FOOLES Erected in English as neer the first Italian modell and platforme as the vnskilfull hand of an ignorant Architect could deuise Ipazzi é li prudenti fanno giustissima bilancia Printed by Edm. Bollifant for Edward Blount 1600 TO MY MOST NEERE and Capriccious Neighbor ycleped Iohn Hodgson alias Iohn Hatter or as some will Iohn of Paules Churchyard Cum multis alijs quae nunc imprimere longum est Edward Blount wisheth prosperous successe in his Monomachie with the French and Spaniard IOhn of all Iohns I am bould heere to bring you into a guest-house or Hospitall and to leaue you there not as a Patient but as a Patron or Treasurer I could wish that vpon this sudden calling to such an office you would not like one swolne with the fatnesse of your place grow bigger or prouder nor indeede more couetous then you are but like a man within compasse whose bare or rather thread-bare content is his kingdome tread all Ambition vnder your Ancient shooe soales now the sixteenth time corrected Et ab omnibus mendis purgatas Stay now for your charge you shall sweare to the vttermost of your endeuours without fraude or imposture to releeue and cherish all such creatures as are by the hand of Fortune committed to your custodie as also to elect and choose officers of good reputation and sincere practise to supply inferiour places vnder you as a Porter who shall refuse none that are willing to enter a surgeon that will protract the cure long ynough vpon them and that if any desperate Censurer shal stab either at you or me for vndertaking or assigning this office or place you presently take him into the darke ward and there let him be lookt to and kept close as a concealment till some bodie beg him all this you shall faithfully protest to accomplish So helpe you a fat Capon and the Contents of this Booke TO THE GOOD OLD Gentlewoman and her special Benefactresse Madam Fortune Dame Folly Matron of the Hospitall makes curtesie and speakes as followeth IN good truth Madame I am at my wits end ere I begin to thinke what Error or Fury it is that hath so successiuely possest the poore despised Nation of Poets these many thousand yeeres still to defame traduce your Ladyshyp with the imputatiue slanders of Niggardise and instability when I which haue known you better and more inwardly then a thousand of these Candle-wasting-Booke Wormes can affirme you to be the most bounteous open-handed firme vnswayed constant Ladie vnder Heauen But since it is no other then the breath of such a pitifull family let it vanish as one of my owne Mottley houshold notes wel like Tabacco smoake And now most excellent Patronesse that you may feele for I know you do not vse to see the desire I haue to be truely gratefull for so manie Mountaines of Benefits clapt vpon me since I first taught Adam to make him a suite of fig leaues I do heere present your La. with the translated Species of an Hospital some few Bedred fooles lately multiplied out of Italian into English with a most prosperous and chymicall successe My hopes are that you out of your gratious and accustomed blindnesse will not so much as deigne to looke vpon their diseases but passe them ouer with the hand of Fauour as you haue often done other sicke creatures of their sanguine complexion They lacke cherishing good Lady let them not want it I know a good plump Foole comes as welcome to you at all times as the wisest Anatomy in a kingdome you take no pleasure in one of these leane withered Cato's it is much more in the way of your praise that you should bestow your fauours on such as with adoration will weare them on their foreheads then on those who out of their too much knowledge studie to conceale and make them appeere cheape and contemptible Well Madame you haue the happinesse both to consider and distinguish these things without me and yet if the olde Dutch-man he of Roterodam were to be brought to the racke now he would protest me though I doubt he were scarce a sound Protestant to haue too meane facultie in counsell there was a true trick of my selfe now if you marke it Folly must haue a flurt of lightnesse and ostentation euer I feare nothing more but that I haue beene too graue all this while appeer'd like one dancing in a gowne If I haue pardon me I beg it with as forced a looke as a Player that in speaking an Epilogue makes loue to the two pennie-roume for a plaudite But leauing this what say you Are my children of the Spittle to be receiued into your good thoughts or no they stay on the oher side of the leafe waiting your pleasure Me thinkes being Fooles they should be answered according to their folly which is with silence which is with consent Prologue of the Author to the beholders THe manifest vanitie euident folly and expresse madnes of some miserable and vnhappie men who with a mind puffed vp with pride a noddle lighter than an oake apple and more voide of wit than cockles of meate in the waine of the moone presume notwithstanding extremely vpon themselues in that they are of this friendly and pleasant sort of Buffones for according to the saying of the Philosopher where little wit is thither doe men runne with greatest fauour and liking being lifted vp to such an height that like to that memorable gourd in Ariosto in short space of time they must needs fall is the principallest cause that I being amazed and astonished at this their so great folly after my Theater of sundrie humors and inclinations haue taken vpon me to build this most famous Hospitall where the renowmed folly of these men may be seene and discerned written as it were in Text letters and in chambers or lodgings apart painted and set foorth by me with so beautifull and workman-like prospectiue that other Fooles shall flocke about them and as the Kings of Fooles they shall receiue an open-mouthed applause of them all to the ende that while the pipkin boyleth the smoak that pleaseth themselues so much may forcibly come steaming out at the crowne of their owne hats Yet is this no reason but that the generall Folly of the world spurreth me forward to doe the same besides the kindes of particular Follies the which procure me that all humaine kinde participating of the same I build for each one of them distinct Cels wherein they may all commodiously and with great ease repose themselues And in this point it will appeare how godly a man the Author of this frame was who besides the building made at the great instance of so many weake and poore in braine with excellent inuention hath deuised to recommend them all to some God vnder whose protection they might bee kept or as far as is possible defended and helped of their folly So he will specially beseech
maintaining with so great obstinacie how at least yet he would seaze vpō the well of that house that those signiors smiling offered to make him also Lord put him in possession of the whole sea much more of a wel and thus he gaue ouer his appeale of the well and carried newes to Bergamo how this Signiorie had made him patron of the sea and also of the Buccetor But returning againe to his former humors he had recourse a new vnto them exclaiming that he thought it an indignitie when by his Admiralship he might dispose of so much salt water for ships to saile vpon and could not haue the fresh water of a well for prouision of his galleies and those Signiors perceiuing his wit at the highest for solace and entertainment of the companie they caused a writing to bee made him subscribed with a coale sealed with an horse brand wherein they declared that they made a present vnto him of all the water in the riuers of Sergio Oio Brenta Sile Piaue Tagliamento Grauallone Adige of that part of Pò which runneth through their dominion for the vse of this affaire and yet in the ende the Foole for all this concluded that he would not haue so much water but his house or otherwise he meant to raze the towne of Bergamo euen to the verie foundation together with the goodly chappell there seated and built No lesse a dotage is that which is reported of one Santino of Tripalda vpon whom an humour came that at threescore and fower yeeres of age he would needs goe to the Vniuersitie in Padoa and lighting at an Inne neerest to the publike schooles there read a Phisition at the same time that was then the most famous man of this Vniuersitie where he entring into the schooles at lecture time amongst others while the Doctor by chance was conuersant in the argument of the braine this dizzard began to shake his head mightily and finally not being able to containe himselfe at the presence of many schollers who in the beginning by reason of the olde mans graue countenance and apparance knew not of which foot he halted he cried out aloud how he would hold maintaine this cōclusion that the oxen of his towne of Tripalda had more wit then al the doctors schollers that were in Padoa wherupō flocking about this apparāt foole he was presently placed in the chaire with much laughter by the schoolers very desirous to heare some goodly stuffe proceed from this new archdoctor and thus entring into the readers seate whereas they expected one thing there succeeded an other for he began to talke of the meanes how to set vpon the Turke and Sophie both at a time and by and by he leapt to discourse of the grace of Saint Paul as some pratling Balletters vse to doe and withall heescapes me quite out of the Turkes handes in the ende growing to this conclusion that he came to Padoa to be made doctor and bicause he vnderstood howe the schollers of Padoa occupied themselues about a thousand matters he ment to reade publikely in that Vniuersitie Orlando Furioso and without stipend so that he might haue preeminence of the head schooles all in iesting manner consenting therevnto and crying out with a liuely voice long liue Santino of Tripalda for that in his discussion hee shewed himselfe so sufficient and comming downe from the pulpit or readers place turning to all the assemblie hee saide Friends and companions euery one performe his part and I giue you place in the lecture following I meane to returne to my towne of Tripalda doctorized thus by your grace and fauour They therefore of Santino of Tripalda and of Talpino of Bergamos wit be in the number of those fooles whom the vulgar terme franticke or dizzards and their Cell in this Hospitall hath hanging out for a signe a Minerua bicause she is the Goddesse that protecteth this kind of Fooles wherfore prostrate on the earth with this ensuing supplication let vs implore her aide for the cure of these poore bransickes and witlesse men A praier to the goddesse Minerua for doting and franticke Fooles TO thee Tritoniā virgine worthily adorned with a 1000. lofty epithites as of Itonian Lyndian Medusean Ionian Scillutian Alcessian Scyras Elean Pylotean Polian Glaucopian and of the Attean virgine by the Greekes called Pallas in that armed with a speare in thy hand thou art helde for a goddesse of armes and of the Latines Minerua bicause thou rightly aduisest them that haue neede of counsell I vnfainedly direct these my humble praiers And if thou beest as all men esteeme thee the goddesse of wisedome borne of Iupiters braine in all reason called operatiùe for that all discreete and wise operations proceede by thy meane tearmed Necina which is as much as to say valiant bicause thou art of a constant resolution and magnanimous in euerie one of thy deliberations made knowne of all men by the name of Dedala which importeth as much as wittie bicause thou art the mother mistresse and ladie of humaine wit I beseech thee receiue into thy protection thesemen who forsaken of wit and abandoned of conceite by my meane haue recourse vnto thee being wholy nothing but pregnancie and wit Thouknowest that whatsoeuer they vtter is but rudely by them pronounced they being franticke and distraught in such a manner as any action of theirs is commonly reputed friuolous rash Cure this frensie to the end that with recouered wit regained wisedome and conceite retired and called home they may extol thee the goddesse fountaine beginning cause of conceit and intellect I no farther at this time instigate thee most wise goddesse ne sus Mineruam as the prouerbe saith least being a foole I shoulde controule thy wisedome thou being she who artable to instruct all the world and keeping the key of all others knowledge of all our discipline and vnderstanding if thou shalt but vouchsafe recouerie to these miserable wretches in thy sacred temple shall bee consecrated to thee a drie Pompion rinde which shall hang at thy feet in token of the vnderstāding thou hast giuen to thesefooles who before were as voide of witte as this gourd is emptie of substance Peace be with thee and preserue them that haue neede of thy helpe Of solitarie and melancholike Fooles the thirde discourse THe most renowmed Phisitions as well ancient as moderne ioine in this fundamentall conclusion that melancholie is to be reputed a kinde of dotage without feauer or fit which springeth from no other thing then aboundance of melancholike humour that occupieth the seate of the minde it being a common thing with all melancholike persons to haue the braine euill affected either essentially by nature or voluntarily by their owne consent as Altomar affirmeth in his medicinall arte the seuenth chapter And this is Galens opinion in his thirde of the seate of passion Hippocrates his censure in the sixt booke of vulgar diseases Paulus Medicus assertion
man discourse you would not wish to giue eare to a more babling matter and so great is the gullerie thereof as you must needs laugh extremely for besides that his speech his foolish his discourse from all purpose the ende euill sorting with the beginning his gesture vnapt voice harsh and actions vnseemly he further maketh such childish conclusions as the same will make any one that heareth them to cough with laughing Giacomo of Pozzuola is likewise one that illustrateth our moderne age with his fopperies for when he goes he seemeth another lame Aristogiton when he speaketh a man would thinke he had a ball in his mouth when he gestureth one would imagine that he deluded Nature and Arte when hee reciteth any thing one would iudge by his laughing that he were playing with a feather and when hee discourseth vpon any matter you cannot discerne him from the most notable noddie and ioult-head in the world What shall we say of Andreuccio of Marano that famous lob-lolly who reciting a lease wherein â—â—s comprehended that certaine fieldes were let for two hundred Venetian Liraes saide thus in Latine Moneta autem Venetiana valebat ducentis libribus pro affitandis illis campibus As also that other foppish Pedante of Saint Arch-angelo what shall wee say to him who giuing vulgar construction to that Latine beginning of Cato Cum ego Cato animaduerterem quà m plurimos homines errarein via morum hee said in the mother toong to this effect Althoug I Cato knewe verie well that many men ranne rouing ouer the land of the Moores Conformable to that other pedagogicall asse who expounding that verse of Virgill Ille ego qui quondam gracili modulat us auena Saide I Iohn Nicolo who was condemned for the stinking creuices that were carried to Rauenna And what say you to that goodly Logician scarce worth three farthings who expounding those verses of Peter Hispanus Barbara celarent Dary Ferro Baralipton Said that the barbarous soldiers of king Darius had put on their head peeces murmuring exceedingly and then declaring the meaning of the other Celantes Dabitis Fapesmo Frisesomorum Expounded that those murrions or headpeeces made the Phrigians and Moores togither astonished then comming to the other Cesare Camestres Festino Baroco Darapti He interpreted that Caesars men were arriued at Mestra and that they made haste to be vpon their bones and last of all lighting vpon this verse Felapton Disamis Datisi Brocardo Ferison He expounded that Caesar said to Philip Anthonie and the rest of his friends stabbe and thrust me these men through with your swordes Was not this of Martinello of Villafranca an apparant cockscombrie who making the superscriptioÌ„ of a letter that went to his sonne in the Vniuersitie at Bologna writ thus To the deuine spirite of my sonne Andrew Scarpaccia who frequenteth the lectures of the greatest Phisition in all Bologna who in three yeeres will become an other Falopia if God of his grace preserue him liuing with this direction vnderneath In Bologna neere to asses tower in a womans house that letteth chambers by the moneth These therefore bee doltes and naturals and for the same cause are recommended to god Fatuello partaker and defender with drawen sworde of such like people wherefore hauing the image of such a like God vpon the dore of their cell it is requisite that with this inuocation following we reuerence and call vpon his name An inuocation to God Fatuello for lourdish and naturall Fooles MAy it please thee great monarch of naturalles the true ghost and spirite of all fantasticks by the resonance of thy name conformable to these fooles with thy genius in like manner to fauour this blockish bande of naturals in all humility hauing recourse to thee and by that Temple which thou hast in Valcamonica where so many lobbes meerely depende on thy dominion and empire these men beseech thee that though in name thou beest but a foole yet in their actions doe not so shew thy selfe and power and thus doing before thy image they wil immolate some famous niddicocke which shall be a true signe that by thy grace and fauour they are now no longer fooles Now this is the rewarde thou shalt haue if thou beest readie and athand with thy succour Of vicicious Fooles the twelfth discourse THere bee in the worlde certaine fooles who togither with the deminution of braine and losse of witte retaine in them certaine vices which seeme sometimes to proceede from a kinde of dexteritie in them but in truth they are rather deriued from the defect of a witte corrupt and depraued then any thing else in this maner like mules kicking at euery one that coÌ„meth neere them through the malignant nature and condition they haue And these kinde of men we thought good to terme by the name of vitious fooles for that a fitter or more conformable word caÌ„not be found out to impose vpon them Some man peraduenture may thinke that one Cippius named by Lucilius may well be placed amongst vicious fooles who indeed in this respect was a foole for that he suffred others to vse his wife dishonestly and in this other consideration hee was vicious who bicause hee woulde not appeere to be a wittall fained himselfe then to sleepe when an other watching in Cupids palestra wrestled hard with her Hee in the Hospitall of Milan seemed no lesse a vicious foole who called straungers to him saying that he woulde shewe them the valley of Iehosaphat and by little and little discouering to them his bare buttockes he made euery one blush for shame that came neere him Another there was who requested euery one that hee might kisse him and the man drawing neere either he woulde breake an vrinall vppon his head bite him with his teeth or doe him some other kinde of mischiefe It is recounted of a certaine vicious foole that standing one day at a window and seeing a faire yoong maide in an other right ouer against him as if in an instant hee had beene enflamed with her loue he saide to her Signor a lei volete bene adio Ladie will itplease you my heate to coole Signor nò perche sete vn Sier Matthio No sir said she bicause you seeme but a foole then he replied Lasciatemi adungue fare il fatto mio Let me yet furbish you with my toole Of an other vicious foole this pranke is reported that one day in the market place he got vp vpon a butchers stall and gathering about him a goodly audience hee began to crie out that al men might come and heare him wherefore the people being assembled togither he said Imagine that I am the great beast which calleth a counsell of the other lesser for my part I will goe breake my faste goe you and hang your selues if you will and thus hee deluded the people departing with laughter and scorne to euery one This man was much like to an other who at a time of solemne councell about a treatie of certaine
Caucasus who fighting on horsebacke didst ouercome Cygnus the son of Mars thy competitor which subduedst the Cyclopes whilest as a maide thou didst attend on Omphale Queene of the Lydians that didst destroy Hebeus with all his familie wounding also Iuno who would haue succoured him and didst kill Eurytus King of Ochalia ruinating the citie called by his name And yet once more thou art hee which didst by force take vnto thy selfe and conduct with thee into Euboea Iole the daughter of the foresaid Eurytus who was denied thee to wife that neere the riuer Sagari didst kill a serpent of immeasurable greatnes didst slay the Dragon that kept the garden of Hesperides freeing the Oteans from gnats and hornets and this onely for generation sake that of two nights there might bee made but one and with so many of these thy great woonders and miracles shall it not be true that thou canst likewise performe somewhat in the behalfe of these vaine and weake sort of extreme Fooles of thee true man but in all thy attempts a god exceedingly fauoured that they may remooue the matter out of their heads which thou in an instant didst purge from the heads of the serpent Hydra Well goe to if thou shalt doe them this fauour I will promise thee that besides the Temple thou hast amongst the Aegyptians and Tirians there shall a great chappell in this Hospitall be consecrated to thy name and an Oake apple offred at thy aultar in signe that it is as easie for thee to deliuer them as to promote vp so high such a like fruit amongst all others obserued to be of no worth Of mischieuous or diabolicall Fooles the thirtith discourse THE most brutish strange and accursed kind of Fooles that be are out of al question some whom we vsually call by this name of mischieuous or diabolical fooles the title or imposition fitting verie well with the infernall and diabolicall inclination they are of for they are so viperous and inwardly so swollen with rancour despite and all kinde of pride that any one would sweare they were the true cosen germaines of another Farfarello and Calubrino Neither are the examples of these verie fewe for the deuill goeth all ouer sowing of them like the hearbe Dogs-foote and of themselues they bud foorth like to Hydras heads and with their flames they set if it were possible all heauen on fire much more the earth No man can denie but that those gyants were of this race who by Iupiter for their pride were slaine with lightning from heauen for the writer or Author of Etra maketh this matter verie euident in those verses The ancient Gyants did sometimes contend To plucke the stars out of the loftie skie And to peruert Ioues kingdome without end Imposing lawes on all the world boldly In like manner it cannot be denied but that Mazentius a contemner of the gods was of the selfe same race Virgill setting him downe for such an one in these verses The first from Terrhene soyle that went to war Was proude Mazentius who with gods did iar And this was he of whom Macrobius vseth these words Fuit impius in homines sine Deorum respectu Hee was wicked towards men not respecting God at all I hold it for a thing verie manifest that Lycaon king of Arcadia was also a notable diuelish Foole if that be true which Ouid reporteth in the first of his Metamorphosis that hee complotted against Iupiter reputed amongst the auncients as head of all other gods Xerxes king of Persia noted by writers of singular impietie is not exempted out of this number he being so bold nay rather so rash and headstrong as that he durst threaten to depriue the sunne of his light and put Neptune the god of the sea into prison with fetters on his heels And therefore Strozzapadre maketh of him these verses Nor as King Xerxes who did threaten bondes To Neptune when with ships he shot the strondes Amongst whom in like manner I giue to a thousand diuels that Plegia king of Lapithes and father to Ixion who for rashly setting fire on the Temple of Apollo in Delphos is declared by Virgill that for punishment of his offence he was inclosed in an infernall caue in these verses All Plegian malefactors with loud voice he doth aduise From hell Iustice to vse and not the gods despise Valerius Maximus and Lactantius Firmianus assigneth one of the principalest places amongst these men to Dionysius Tyrant of Siracusa for he was so great a contemner of the gods as he himselfe amongst his friends was woont to say that he greatly woondred how the gods were so patient as to suffer him so long vpon the earth Biondus in his Historie maketh mention of Euerick King of Gothes that hee rammed vp the gates of Christian churches with heaps of thorne bushes wickedly intending to make them appeere like hedges and thickets because he would be a Foole in this kinde Corius writeth of Gensericus king of Vandales that with greater sacriledge of the same Christian churches hee made stables for his horses being likewise an infernall Foole of the same nature What shall we say of Attila termed the scourge of God but euen the selfe same What of Tottila and Athanaricus What shall wee thinke of that Duke of the Hauuians who threatned to cut off the priuie members of all the Deacons that came into his hands What of those first innouators who of the great church in Basill made a butchers shambles And last of all what of our moderne Mahumetists who desperatly make the worst of euerie thing that they can committing all kinde of rapine violence sacriledge manslaughter and rebellion that may bee imagined Now these be truely Fooles who are mischieuous and therefore deserue a thousand gallowes termed properly by the title of diabolicall Fooles because in euerie respect they are conformable vnto him Wherefore in recommending them vnto some god that may cure them I can thinke on no better phisition then Pluto who is in hell a perfect Anatomie of their like And for this cause I direct vnto him this inuocation following An inuocation to Pluto for mischieuous and diabolicall Fooles WHatgod may I more conueniently call vpon to remooue the folly of this diuelish crew then thee high Pluto Prince of Herebus admirall of the Stigian waters president of the flames which exceed a thousand times those of Aetna or Mount gybello what God if not hee who is the sonne of Saturne and Opis brother to highest Iupiter Lorde of the infernall kingdome being mightie in riches and therefore called Ditis principall amongst the Manian gods therefore called Sumanus and of power to inflict vpon them their due punishments called therefore Orcus by euery one what god if not thou who rentest Titius hart from out his bodie punishest Tantalus with thirst makest Ixion to bee turned vpon a wheele causest Sysiphus to roule the stone and chastisest Salmoneus with so sundrie torments Thou
applications and medicine of their first founders is now of no woorth except they haue recourse to minerals wherein likewise as they confesse themselues they haue attained to qualitie but of quantitie are as yet altogether ignorant The like may be said of all Arts and professions amongst men wherein there is that confusion and incertaintie as the doings of one are reprehended by another for most vaine and foolish But if you enter into the particular humours and enclinations of each one Lord what a pell-mell of conceit and muention you shall discouer this seed being so thicke sowen in all their operations that after their deepe consultations firme resolutions and prouident circumspection of all this their labour there commeth vp nothing but tares and folly which the wisest man after due consideration so often affirmed One is ambitious and hauing brought his thoughts and imaginations to a good passe some instant folly they being reared to a great height like the Babilonian tower vtterly ouerthroweth them to the ground Another puts on the Foxe with temporizing humilitie and yet omitting some small circumstances in his complots and contriuance a momentarie error confoundeth all his laboured and prouident deuises For as violence setleth hatred and disdaine in the harts of men Nam oderint quem metuunt so absolute humilitie breedeth contempt and the Italian Prouer be can tell you that Chi pecora si fá il lupo lo mangia Well hauing in this Hospitall receiued so good comfort and succour my selfe in religious charitie I could not but make knowne vnto you this worthie Italian worke framed peraduenture vpon their yeere of Iubilee or grace and therefore propounded in generall to all men for reliefe and cure of their giddie maladies I craue no pardon of my errors or faults yet are they many and onely mine owne beeing but a Foole in reporting to Fooles what an other hath censured of humaine folly And therefore you see I neither incite you to gratitude by Alexanders receiuing a cup of water so thankfully nor to reward in distributing of your goodwils by imitation of that noble Prince who so kindly remunerated the taking of alowse from his garment Tullies sentences lye dead in my minde and I haue vtterly lost the memoriall of Lycosthenes Apophthegmes this I did carelesly accept you of it as lightly Yet consider what patience you haue with the wine you drink in Tauernes and beleeue me as a poore Traueller it is all exceedingly bastardiz'd from his originall purity and euen your Phisicall drams that are so greedily sought after suffer a little sophistication by the hands of the Apothecarie Thinke not much therefore if so tickle and foolish a commoditie as this is be somewhat endamaged by the transportation of it out of Italy but making some pleasant and profitable collection out of the same let vs leaue all preeminence of folly to themselues as I ascribe all due reward and demerite to my originall Author It is certaine that there is few names of men or places in all the moderne examples of this Booke but haue agnomination or proximitie with the humours qualities of the partie described but this would haue made too homely an hotchpotch in English and obscured so much wit as shineth through this whole miste of folly by too palpable and triuiall scurrilitie If any man finde helpe or cure of his maladie by deuout inuocation on his proper Saint or Patron let him ascribe the principall glorie thereof to him and yet be thankfull to his earthly founder Il pazzissimo Of Follie in generall the first discourse COnsidering I haue taken vpon my selfe this burden to manifest to the worlde the prodigious and monstrous kindes of folly which with an aspect and countenaunce more deformed then Cadmus his serpent more vgly then the Chimera fuller of poison then the dragon of Hesperides more hurtful preiudiciall then Corebus his monster more terrible then the Minotaure of Theseus of more horrible presēce then Geryon with his three heads is come downe into the worlde to powre out amongst vs the contagion of her poison like the beast Alcida to the hurt and dommage of euery one it is very requisite that I describe her after such a manner as that her very countenaunce onely may be of force to daunt terrifie any one and that the whole world may be ready to verifie that the Harpies were not so fowle and vncleane Hercules his bull so pestiferous nor the sea monster Hesion so dommageable as she who entring once into the seate of the braine she obfuscateth imagination peruerteth conceit alienateth the minde corrupteth reason and so disturbeth and hindreth a man that he can neither read deliuer nor act any thing as he shoulde doe but on the contrarie with turbulent conceptions wauering and inconstant motions broken sleep a sick braine an emptie soacked head like a withered cucumber he vainely like a blinde mill horse whirleth about a thousand fopperies some of them no lesse lamentable then ridiculous But the greatest inconuenience that springeth from her is this that continually weakening the braine she causeth man to remaine so blockish and insensate that he thinketh himselfe wisest when he is most foole then deeming that he is an other Mercury when he is but a Corydon or some Menalca among the vulgar and this commeth to passe as Hippocrates in his Aphorismes auerreth bicause Quibus it a mens aegrotat ij dolorem non sentiunt they whose mindes be thus tossed and transported are insensible of greefe Folly therefore is she who being spred and dispersed ouer all prouinces and countries in the worlde sorely vexeth mortallmen and holdeth in subiection vnder her tyrannicall empire an infinite number of people and men that saying in Ecclesiastes being too true that Stultorum infinitus est numerus infinite is the number of fooles and euen as Arpiages not impiously onely but further vnnaturally and villanously did with his owne sonnes braines so setteth she her monstrous teeth against one and other coueting to satisfie the greedie humours of humaine fantasie This pretie peate spareth not kings hath no respect to emperours esteemeth not captaines makes no reckoning of the learned regardeth not the rich feareth not those noble there is no consideration can bridle or make her refraine from striking like a blinde man round about and at randone on euery side whole mortall race Behold the hand that this beast aunciently bore ouer the worlde so that the people Agathyrses inhabiting neere the Syrtes or sandie deserts the first among fooles in signe of their euident follie went naked with their bodies painted of sundry colours like the Leopards spots whereupon Virgil in the fourth of his Aeneades saith The Cretanes Drypes and painted Agathyrsians rage The Audabatians being the pictures of true folly were woont to fight in the warres with their eies closed The Arcadians right Fooles thought themselues more ancient then the moone and for this cause Seneca in his Hippolytus saith Contemning thee
that didst amidst the stars soshine A planet placed there since th' old Arcadians time The Himantopoles voide of witte went creeping vpon the earth with their hands and feete as serpents do The Mendesians depriued of all iudgement performed the greatest honours they coulde possiblie deuise to goateheards The people Psylli cockscombes in the fourth degree as Herodotus reporteth fought with armed bāds against the south wind being preiudicial to them The Tonemphians halfe out of their wits seriously made choise of adogge insteade of a king and by the motions and waggings of his taile they presaged empires and dominions which they were to possesse But who doth not perceiue what folly raigneth amongst men when the learned who shoulde bee wiser then others shewe themselues otherwhiles more foolish affirming things which babies woulde scarce beleeue and all the Magpies in a countrie would hardly vouchsafe to chatter such foppish flimflams as they doe Is not that of Plinies a goodly gullerie that Phileta Coo a compounder of Elegies was of so light and subtile a bodie as that it was requisite to fasten lead to the soles of his feete to the end a blast of winde might not carrie him quite away Are not also those other two famous which Ausonius and Pontanus write of that Seneus and Tyresias of men became women changing their formes euen as a Potter while the earth is moist and supple of a pot can make a platter But yet that other of Plinies is no lesse wittie that in the lake of Tarquinum there were in times past two groues or woodes which were carried round about sometimes in forme triangular then fowresquare otherwhiles all round Neither smels this currant that the herbe called Achimenes being throwne amongst the enimies squadrons is of vertue to make them turne their backs in spight of their teeth Licinius Mutianus tels no simple lie when he reporteth that in Argos he sawe a certaine woman called Arestusa who married her-selfe to a man and the day of her marriage became male sprowting foorth a bearde with members genitall And afterwardes she also tooke a wife being thus as hee saith for euer conuerted into a man As in like manner that other deliuered by Celius is not verie pleasant at the nose ende that a certaine sea monster in his former parts like a man and behinde resembling a horse died thrise and was woonderfully in like manner three times raised from death Furthermore that of Aelianus is no lesse famous then the rest when hee mentioneth that Ptolomaeus Philadelphus had an Hart instructed after such a manner as that he plainly vnderstood his master when he spoke to him in Greeke No lesse fantasticall is an other of Plinies also reporting that in Limira a fountaine of Lycia consecrated to Apollo the fishes therein being with an oten or bagpipe called thrise aboue water they obey the sound thereof and appeare without delay But Peter Messia as others giue out recounteth one most palpable and voyd of sense saying that one Cipus who was a king hauing diligently obserued the fighting of two Bulles and one day with deepe impressiō therof laying himselfe downe to sleep awaking he found suddenly sprouted out of his head the hornes of a Bull. This man it may be was a follower of the Philosopher Protagoras his sect who like a foolish dolt was so impudent as to affirme that whatsoeuer seemeth vnto a man to be in conceit is so indeed so that Plato bestowed a little paines in condemning this Sot to a thousand gallowes saying if this position were true then he was of opinion that Protagoras likewise had vttered a notable foolerie this man affirming that by his owne reason it followed that he was therfore himselfe a foole But he that would amply discourse of all the foolish toyes that by learned men haue beene set abroach and make mention of all those which worldly men haue practised should vndertake a burthen able to wearie Atlas himselfe much more the feeble wit and weake memorie of a meane writer as I am It sufficeth that with the wise man euerie one may iustly exclayme Vidi cuncta quae fiunt sub sole ecce vniuersavanitas afflictio spiritus I haue perused all things done vnder the sunne and behold all is vanitie and affliction of minde The Aegyptians in truth were most foolish and vaine in worshipping Onions Leekes and heads of Garlicke for their gods as Iuuenal testifieth in his fifteenth Satyre The Babylonians also wanted wit when they worshipped their god Bell before whom they set so much meate to eate as would well haue serued a thousand persons And the Romanes might well bee numbred amongst those three elbowed Fooles in offering diuine sacrifice to such an harlot as was Flora and adoring Stercutio for a god no lesse vnwoorthily then shamfully constituting him a patron and Protector of Aiax and his commodities But what doe I reciting of ancient follies when this our present age is a true and liuely representation of Fooles yea and the verie store-house of all the vanities a man can commit in this world When were the dreames of Alchymistes euer in greater estimation then they are now when many great personages will vouchsafe to goe euer into the Stoue or forge blowing the bellowes at the furnace mouth that they may become one of Geber or Morieno his sect euerie one of them hauing as much wit as an horse When was Raymonds fond calbalistrie euer more sought after who with his friuolous art professeth wonders and that he can make Asses daunce after the Morisco and those to runne most swiftly that haue leaden heeles by nature When were there such a number of these Almanakes or lying weather Authors being to be sold in the Burse or Rialto euen to the ridiculous prognostication of one that supped vp an hundred egs in a morning that he might not be driuen to take Inne with this charitable Hospitall of Fooles yet could not this silly wretch auoide the malignant influence of the stars and planets and his owne infortunate constellation for he is forced to enter into the Hospitall of incurable Cockscombs for a farthing Astrologer because much after this rate is his hamper merchandize sold at When walked there about the world such a number of Pedlers Quacksaluers professing some of them phisicke as if they had the vniuersitie certificate when in the ende they prooue but countrey iugglers selling drosse for drugs and hose of the Irish glick for sloppes of the marriners cut who euer knewe such aboundance of them that hunt after strange secrets insomuch that in Bergamo there starts me vp one that vaunted of a secret he had which woulde conuert the Turke and woulde haue solde it to a Phisition and a friende of mine for a peece of fortie if he so pleased a matter enough if he shoulde haue knowne so much to haue made Fiorauanti of Bologna to dispaire in himselfe for not placing it