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A15808 Xenophons treatise of housholde; Oeconomicus. English Xenophon.; Hervet, Gentian, 1499-1584. 1532 (1532) STC 26069; ESTC S108099 56,979 130

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his wages and be apoynted to be redye in harneis at any tyme and so bryngeth them all together those reserued that be in garisons in to a place that they call the place of congregation And suche as be nighe his manour and his dwellyng place he ouerloketh them hym selfe But they that dwelle in farre countrees he sendethe thyther some that he trusteth beste to haue the ouer syghte of them And those heedes rulers and capitaines whether they haue many or fewe vnder them if they brynge forthe theyr full nombre that is apoynted vnto them well harneised and well horsed and wel furnisshed of al maner of thinges he gyueth very great prayse and honour to the lieutenantes and to the lordes and gyuethe them many great gyftes and rewardes so that they be riche for euer But whan he fyndeth that his lordes his lieutenauntes and deputies haue no regarde to the capitaynes of his soudiours but catche and polle and care but onely for their owne vantage he punissheth them sore he putteth thē out of their officis and setteth other in their stede In doinge those thīges there is no man that doubteth but that he applieth his mynde and his studie very sore to warre But beside this al the countrey that is therby where he dwelleth he rydeth aboute hym selfe takynge hede and markynge howe hit is tylled and laboured But whan a countrey is so farre of that he can not come to se it hym selfe he sendeth them that he trustethe beste to ouer se it And whan he fyndeth that his lieutenantes and deputies do kepe the countrey wel inhabited the grounde wel plowed and laboured full of suche trees as the countre wyll beare he promoteth them to the rule of more coūtres he gyueth them great presentes and dothe them great honour But whan he findeth the countre deserte and vnhabited the grounde vntilled and vnlaboured by cause of their negligence wronges doinge extorsions cruelties he punissheth them he putteth them out of theyr offices and setteth other in theyr rowmes In doinge these thinges do ye thynke that he setteth lesse his mynde to haue his countre wel replenysshed of dwellers and well tylled and laboured than that the soudiours shuld defende hit well Moreouer of the lieutenantes and deputies that he hath One man hath not the charge of two thynges at ones For some of them be apoynted to haue the ouersyghte of the husbande men and labourers and to gether the tithes and tributes of them And there be other that haue the ouersighte of the soudiours and of the garisons And if the lieutenant of the garison do not his duetie in kepynge and defendynge the countree he that is the lieutenaunt of the housbande men and labourers accuseth the tother lieutenaunt that they can not plie theyr worke for lacke of good defence But if the lieutenaunt of the garyson dothe his deutye and kepethe the countre in peace so that they may worke at theyr pleasure and the lieutenant of the husbande men dothe not se to the countrey that hit be well inhabited and that the housbande men applie theyr worke as they shulde than the lieutenant of the garyson accuseth him agayne For whan the housbande men do not labour well the soudiours can scante gette vitayles nor the kyng can haue his tribute And in some countres of Persia a great lorde that they call Satrapa occupiethe the rowme of bothe lieutenantes Than spake Critobulus and sayde If the kynge dothe as ye say he taketh as moche hede to husbandrye as he doth to warre So. More ouer in what so euer countre he liethe and where so euer he makethe his abydynge he settethe his mynde to haue goodlye fayre gardeynes that they calle in theyr tonge Paradise fulle of all maner of thynges that the erthe bryngeth forthe And there he bydethe for the moste parte as longe as the tyme of the yere dothe not lette hym Than by my faythe sayde Critobulus seinge that he bydeth there hym selfe he must nedes do his diligence that these gardeynes maye be as fayre and as goodly as can be well replenisshed with trees and all maner of thynges that the erthe can brynge forthe And also some say good Critobulus sayde Socrates that whan the kynge gyueth any rewardes that he calleth them fyrste that haue behaued them selfes manly in the warres bicause it were to none effecte to tylle and labour the grounde excepte there were some that shuld defende it And nexte to them he callethe those that haue prouided that the countre shulde not be ydell but well occupied and laboured saying that the valiant men of warre coude not lyue if the good labourers were not And they say that Cyrus the whiche hath ben a very famous and an excellent kynge saide vpon a tyme vnto them that he called vnto hym to gyue them rewardes that he hym selfe was well worthy to haue the rewardes of them bothe For he saide that he was verye good bothe to se the countrey wel laboured and also to kepe defende it Forsothe saide Critobulus if Cirus dyd say so he dyd shewe plainly that he had as greatte pleasure that the countre shulde be wel occupied as to haue good mē of warre So. By my faithe if Cirus had lyued he wold haue proued a very noble prince and of that he shewed many great and euident tokens at diuers tymes and amonge the tother whan he came forthe agaynste his brother to trie by batayle who shulde be kynge For they say that from Cirus no man fled to the kyng but many thousandes lefte the kynge to come and serue Cirus And me thynketh this is a great argument of a princis vertue whan men do obey hym with their owne good wyll and be glad to abyde with hym in tyme of ieopardie For Cirus frendes stode fightynge aboute hym whiles he was yet alyue and whan he was slayne they fightyng moste valiantly were slayne all beside hym excepte Arieus the whiche was set in the lefte wynge This gentyll Cirus whan Lysander came to hym to brynge hym presentes from the cities of Grece confederated vnto him they say as Lysāder shewed hym selfe to a frēde of his in the towne of Megara that he receiued him with moche humanite amonge other thynges he shewed hym a gardeyne that was called the Paradis of Sardis But whan Lysander beganne to maruayle at it by cause the trees were so faire and so egally sette and the orders of the trees lay streyghte one agaynst an other and made goodly angles corners well ꝓporcioned and many swete and pleasant sauours came to theyr noses whan they were walkynge he wondrynge therupon sayde thus Forsothe Cirus the great beautifulnes of these thinges is a greatte maruayle to me but I wonder moche more of him that hath measured and sette them thus in order Than Cirus whan he herde this dyd reioyce and saye All these that ye se I haue measured them and sette them in order and I can shewe you some trees that I haue
yet they can scant get their meate their drinke And what shulde be the cause of this gentyl So I wyll bringe you vnto them sayde So. and whā ye se them than shal ye lerne Mary that wyll I if that I can Ye but first ye muste proue your selfe if ye shall be able to knowe it whan ye se them It cometh in to my mynde nowe that ye wolde rise very yerly and go a great waye to se enterludes played that ye wolde intreate me nedes to go with you but ye neuer had me to suche a sighte Than ye thinke myne owne Socrates that I am worthye to be laughed to scorne of you Ye but of your selfe moche more But what if I do shewe you some men the whiche by the reason of kepyng of horses haue bene brought to exstreme pouerte and other the whiche by the reason of hit haue made them selfes ryche men and haue gotten so great substāce that they liue lyke lordes I haue sene them and I knowe them bothe but I haue neuer the more vantage for that The cause of it is that ye beholde them lyke wyse as ye loke vpon the plaiers of enterludes not to thintēt that ye may be a poete but for a pastime a recreation And parauēture ye do well in that for ye be not mynded to be a poete but where ye be cōpelled to kepe and fynde horses wyll ye not iuge your selfe a foole if ye go not aboute to studie a remedie that ye be not ignoraunte in that behalfe seinge that the selfe same thynges be good to the vse and profitable to be solde Your mynde is that I shulde breke horses No by my faith it no more than if ye wolde haue a good laborer I wolde gyue you coūsell to bringe hym vp of a childe But there be ages bothe of horses and of men the whiche be immediately profitable and do daily so growe that they do more good one daye than an other Furthermore I can shewe you some men the which haue so vsed and ordred their wyues that they comforte them and helpe them towarde the incresing of their house and some that haue suche wyues the which destroy vtterly the house and so the moste parte of men haue But who is to be blamed for this the husbande or the wyfe good Socrates A shepe if hit do not well for the moste parte we do blame the sheperde And a horse moste comonly if he be skyttisshe and do some displesure we blame the breker And a wyfe lyke wyse if her husbande teache hir well if she do not folowe it she is parauenture to blame But if he do not teache her if she be rude vnwomanly and witles is not he to be blamed Yes by my faith sayde Cri. And seinge that we be frendes may speke plainly betwene our selfes Is there euer any other wyse man that ye truste charge so moche in your busynes as ye do your wyfe No forsoth sayd he And is there any that ye commune lesse with than ye do with her No by my faith and if there be any they be very fewe Ye maried her verye yonge whan she had nother sene nor harde moche of the worlde Wherfore hit were more to be maruailed at it if she knew and dyd as she shulde than if she dyd amisse Crito They the whiche ye say haue good wyues haue they taughte them so in dede Socra It is a thynge not to stande longe vpon For I wyll brynge you my wyfe Aspasia the whiche shall shewe you all this better than I my selfe But me thynkethe that a wyfe beinge a good companion and a good felowe to her husbande in a house is very necessary and within a littel as moche worthe as the husbande For commonlye goodes and substāce do come in to the house by the labour and payne of the man but the woman is she for the moste parte that kepeth and bestoweth it where nede is And if these two thinges stande well to gether and be wel ordeined the houses do increace if not they muste nedes decaye More ouer me thinketh that I can shewe you in all sciences them that do worke and labour accordynge as they shulde if ye thynke that it nedeth But what nede you to reherse them all good Socrates sayde Critobulus For hit is nother possible for a man to haue worke men of all faculties suche as shulde be nor hym selfe to be experte in all But as for suche sciences as be mooste honorable and maye become me well to occupie them them I wolde ye dyd shewe me and also those men the which applie them selfes vnto them And ye of your syde helpe to teache me and further me in them as moche as ye can Ye speke very well frende Critobulus sayde Socrates For suche craftes as be called handye craftes they be very abiecte and vile and littell regarded and estemed in cities and cōmon welthes For they do destroye the bodies of those that do occupie them whan they make them to sytte euermore at home and to be fedde vppe alwaye in the shade and some make them to stande all the day staryng on the fire And whan the body is ones tender and feble the stomacke and spirite muste nedes to waxe a greatte deale the weaker And agayne they haue but smalle leysure to sette theyr mynde and diligence to do theyr frendes any good nor also the common welthe Wherfore suche men seme to be but a smalle comforte to theyr frendes at a nede nor no good men to succour theyr countree in tyme of ieopardie And for a suertie in some cities and common welthes and specially suche as be daylye in warre hit is not lawfull to neuer a cytesyn to occupie no handye crafte And what faculties wyll ye counsayle me to vse gentyll Socrates So. Let not vs thynke scorne nor be ashamed to folowe the kynge of the Persis For they saye that he supposynge the science of warre and also of husbandrye to be mooste honorable and also necessarye amonge other faculties dothe regarde and exercise them wondersly And whan Critobulus harde that he sayde Do ye thynke that the kynge of Persia carethe any thynge for husbandrye If we consydre hit after this maner sayde Socrates we shall parauenture come to knowlege whether he dothe or not For euery man graunteth that he settethe sore his studie vpon suche thīges as longe to warre For it is apointed to euery lieutenāt lorde of the coūtres vnderneth hym howe many men of armes morispikes bylles archers and crosbowes they shall haue redy in theyr wages either to kepe his subiectes frō rebellion for feare or to kepe the countre if enmyes do inuade it Beside these he layth garisons in all the towres and castels and there is a capitayne apoynted to paye them truely theyr wages and to se that there be no faute in hit And the kynge causeth euery twelue monthe the musters to be made of al them that be in
stronge and myghtye to suffre and endure hete and colde to iourneye and go a warfare Wherfore god hath in a maner commaunded and charged hym with those thynges that be done abrode oute of the house He also remembrynge that he hath ordeyned the woman to brynge vp yonge chyldren he hath made her farre more tender in loue towarde her chyldren than the husbande And where he hath ordeyned that the woman shulde kepe those thynges that the man getteth and bringeth home to her and he knowynge verye well that for to kepe a thynge surelye hit is not the worste poynte to be doubtful and fearefull he dealed to her a greatte deale more feare than he dyd to the man And he also perceyuynge that if any man dothe hym wronge the whiche laboureth and worketh without he must defende hym selfe he distributed to the man a great deale more boldnes And for bicause it behoueth that bothe they do gyue and receyue he hath gyuen them indifferently remembrance and diligence in so moche that it is harde to discerne whether kinde hath more of them either the man or the woman He hath also graunted them indifferently to refraine them selfes from suche thinges as is conuenient they do And hath gyuen them power and auctorite that loke in what thynge the either of them dothe the better he bringeth the more away with hym But bicause the natures and the dispositions of them bothe be not egallye so perfecte in all these thinges they haue so moche the more nede the tone of the tother And this couple is so moche the more profitable the tone to the tother bicause that that the tone lacketh the tother hath wherfore good wyfe seinge we se that whiche god hath ordeined for vs bothe we muste enforce and endeuour our selfes to do bothe our partis in the beste wyse The lawe semeth to comforte vs and exhorte vs to it the whiche coupleth man wyfe to gether And lyke wyse as god makethe them come to gether to gette children So the lawe wyll haue them liue to gether partakers one of an others goodes in good felawshyp Lyke wyse the lawe sheweth and god commandeth that it is beste for eche of them to do theyr parte For it is more honestie for a womā to kepe her house than to walke aboute And it is more shame for a man to byde slouggynge at home than to applie his mynde to suche thynges as muste be done abrode But if any man dothe contrarye to that that he is naturally borne to parauenture god wyll remembre that he breaketh his statutis and decrees and wyll punisshe hym outher for bicause he is negligent in that that he shulde do or elles bycause he takethe vpon hym that that belongeth to the wyfe Me thynketh also that the maistres bee that kepeth the hyue dothe lyke wyse that that god hath ordeyned her vnto And what dothe the maistres bee sayde she wherby it may be likened to that that I muste do For bicause sayde he hit bydeth alwaye in the hyue and wyll not suffre no bees to be ydell and they that shulde worke without she sendeth thē to theyr worke And what so euer any of them bryngethe home she marketh receyueth and saueth it vntyll the tyme come that hit muste be occupied And whan the tyme cometh that it muste be occupied than she distributeth euery thing accordyng as equite requireth And she causeth them that do byde within to weaue and make the faire hony comes after the beste wise and taketh hede to the yōge bees that they be well fedde and brought vppe But whan they be come to that age and to that point that they be able to worke she sēdeth them out with one the whiche they folowe as their gyde and capitayne And muste I do so to sayde my wyfe Ye forsothe sayde I For ye muste alway byde within the house and those men the whiche muste worke abrode ye must sende them to it and they that muste worke within ye must commande them and be ouer them to se them do it And that that is brought in ye must receiue it And that whiche muste be spente of it ye muste parte and deuide it And that that remaineth ye muste ley it vp and kepe it safe tyl tyme of nede And beware that that whiche was apoynted to be spente in a twelue monthe be not spente in a monthe And whan the wolle is broughte in to you ye muste se that hit be carded and sponne that clothe maye be made of hit Also ye muste se that the corne whiche is broughte in to you be not so moustye and dousty that hit maye not be eaten But one thynge specially aboue all other there is that ye muste be carefull fore and that shall gette you great fauour and loue that is if any of our seruantes happe to falle sicke that ye endeuour your selfe the best that ye can not onely to cherysshe them but also to helpe that they may haue their helthe agayne By my feythe sayde my wyfe hit is a verye gratious and a kynde dede For whan they be ones holpen and eased they wyll cunne vs very good thanke and be the more louynge and feythfull vnto vs. And me thoughte sayde Ischomachus that hit was an answere of a good and an honeste wyfe And by the reason of this good prouision of this maistres bee sayde I all the tother beare so good loue and affection vnto her that whan so euer she goth out of the hyue there wyll none tarye behynde but all wayte vpon her Than my wyfe answered me I do great lye maruayle whether suche thynges as ye saye the maistres bee dothe do not belonge moche more to you than to me For my kepyng and departing within were but a littell worthe excepte ye dyd your diligence that somwhat myght be brought in And my bryngynge in sayde I shulde auayle but a littell excepte there were one that kepte saued that that I brought in Do ye not se sayde I howe euery man hath great pite of them the which they say that their punisshement is to poure water in to tubbes full of hooles tyll they be full And they pite them for nothinge els but by cause they seme to labour in vayne By my fayth said my wyfe they be very miserable in dede the which do so There be other thynges that belonge to you to take hede of the whiche muste nedes be very pleasant vnto you as whan ye haue taken one in to your seruice that can nother spynne nor carde if ye teache her to do it hit shall be twyse so moche more worthe vnto you And if ye haue a maide the whiche is outher negligent or is not trewe of her handes or that can not wayte if ye make her diligent trustye and a good seruant all shall be to your great profette And agayne whan ye se your seruantes good and sobre felowes and profitable for our house ye muste do them good and shewe them
X●●●phons treatise of householde ❧ To the reder ☞ This boke of householde full of high wysedome written by the noble philosopher Xenophon the scholer of Socrates the whiche for his swete eloquēce and incredible facilitie was surnamed Musa Attica that is to say the songe of Athenes is righte counnyngly translated out of the greke tonge in to Englisshe by Gentian Heruet 〈…〉 whiche boke for the welthe of this realme I deme very ꝓfitable to be redde ❧ Xenophons treatise of householde I Harde vpon a time the wise Socrates cōmune of the ordryng of an house speakynge to one Critobulus after this maner Tel me Critobulus is the ordrynge of an house the name of a science lyke wyse as phisike is and masons carpenters crafte So me thinketh said Critobulus Whether than may we tell what is the duetie and the propre office of the ordrynge of an house like wise as we can tel of other craftes and sciences Me thynketh saide Critobulus hit longeth to a good husbande and a good ordrer of an house to guyde well and order his owne house But yet sayd So. If one dyd put hym in trust charge him to order his house coude not he order hi● as well as his owne if he wolde For he that hath a carpenters crafte well he can worke aswel for an other as he can for hym selfe may not a good husbande wel experte in the ordrynge of an house do lyke wyse Me thynketh yes good Socrates Than a man sayde Socrates that is well sene in that science though he haue no substaunce nor no goodes him selfe may get his liuing and haue good wages if he wyll order an other mans house as well as he that buildeth an house In good fayth sayde Critobulus he were worthy to haue very good wages if he coude take an other mās house in hande and do euery thyng that belōgeth to hit and make the house better in goodes and in substaunce But what do we meane by the house whether is it nothyng els but the bare house or whether all maner of thynges that a man hath out of the house be belongynge to the house Me thinketh sayde Critobulus that all though that that a man hath be not within the towne where he dwelleth but in the coūtre or any where els that al dothe belonge to the house what so euer a man hath And is there not some men that haue enmyes Yes mary and a great meiny to And shal we say that their enmyes be theyr goodes or substance By my feyth it were a mery ieste if he that hath caused vs to haue mo enmyes than we had wolde haue a rewarde for it besyde for by cause we haue iuged a mans house and that that a man hath to be all one Ye but I do not accompt that amonge a mans substance and goodes that is nought and hurtful vnto him but that that is good and profitable Than as farre as I se ye calle that a mans goodes and substaunce that is profitable vnto him Ye mary do I and suche thinges as be hurtful I cal them domages and not goodes And what if a man bye a horse that he can not ryde but fall downe from his backe and so do hym selfe a displesure is not that hors his goodes No by my faye seinge those thynges be goodes that be good Nor the grounde than shall not be called goodes vnto a man the which occupieth it so that he hath domage by hit Nor the grounde shal not be called goodes if where that a man shulde be founde and norisshed by it he dieth for hunger Than it fareth like wise by shepe If a man hath any domage by the reason that he can not guyde them nor order them as he shulde the shepe shall not be goodes vnto hym Me thynketh no. Than as farre as hit semeth by you ye call those thīges goodes that be profitable and those thynges that be hurtefull be no goodes So me thynketh Than one selfe thynge shal be called goodes vnto him that can vse it as he shuld 〈◊〉 to hym that can not it shal be no goodes like wise as recorders be goodes vnto him that can plaie on them somwhat according but vnto hym that can not they be no other wise good than stones that be vnprofitable excepte a man do selle them And so lyke wyse by the recorders if we sell them they be good but if we kepe thē can not occupie them they be no goodes We must nedes to agree in this tale seinge we haue sayd afore that those thinges that be ꝓfitable be goodes For the recorders as lōge as we kepe them vnsolde they be no goodes for they do vs no good but if they be sold they be goodes Ye mary sayd Socrates if one haue the witte to sel them well But if one do selle them that can not order hym selfe euen whan they be al redy solde they be no goodes accordīg to your tale Me thīketh ye say sir Socrates that nor yet money nother is goodes except a man can vse it So me thinketh ye haue granted all redy that those thynges be called goodes that a man getteth any profite by But if a man dyd bestowe his money vpon an harlotte that by the reason of dayly cōuersation with hir his body were he weker his soule the worse disposed and his house the worse kepte and ordered howe shulde money be profitable vnto him It can not be in no case excepte parauēture we wil cal our goodes a poison the whiche whan a man dothe eate of it hit bringeth him out of his witte But as for money frende Critobulus if a man can not vse it as he shulde let him cast it away farre from him For hit is nother profitable vnto him nor may be called goodes But as for frēdes if a man can vse them so that he get some profite of thē what shal we say y t they be Goodes forsoth said Crito moche more thā shepe or oxen seinge they be a gret deale more profitable Than accordinge to your tale our enmis like wise be goodes vnto him that can get profite of them So me thinketh And it is a point thā of a good husbande and a good ordrer of an house to haue away to vse his enmies so that he may gette some profette by them In any case For ye se well inoughe good Critob howe many meane mennes houses howe many lordes kyngis dominiōs haue ben increased and amplified by the reason of warre Forsoth sir Socrates me thynketh ye haue verye well spoken in this matter but what thīke you by this whan that we se that som men which haue sciences good wages and good propreties wherby they myght make their houses the better if they wold put thē selfe to it yet we may wel se perceiue they woll not do it And therfore we se that the sciēces and good propreties that they haue auayle them nothynge whether than shall those
require But as for your frendes al though they haue more to kepe them in their degree than ye haue for yours yet they loke that ye shulde helpe them Than sayde Critobulus I haue nothynge to say agaynst you in this matter But it is time for you to instructe me with some good preceptes to thintente that I be not so miserable in dede that ye may haue cōpassion on me with a good cause Than sayde Socrates Do not ye thynke your selfe that ye do a very strange and a maruailous thynge that but a pratye whyle ago whan I sayde that I was riche ye lough at me as though I knewe not what riches mened and neuer stynted til ye had put me to a rebuke and made me to cōfesse that I had not the hundreth parte of that that ye haue and nowe ye byd me to instructe you and set my diligence that ye be not poure in very dede For I se wel good Socrates said Critobulus that ye haue in you the caste to make a man ryche in dede that is to make him haue plentie and abundance And I truste he that of a litell thynge can make plentie and abundance shal do hit moche more lightlier of many great thynges Be ye not remembred of our cōmunyng a pratye whyle ago whan I coude in no case contrarie your sayinge that to him that can not vse horses horses be no goodes vnto hym nor lande nor shepe nor money nor nothing els and yet of suche thinges a man may get great profite and vantage But as for me howe do ye thinke that I can vse or order suche thinges that hadde neuer none But me thought that all though a man had nother money nor no goodis yet there was a certaine science of gydyng and ordryng of an house And what letteth you that ye may not haue the same science Loke what doth let a man to playe vpon recorders if nother he had neuer none hym selfe nor borowed none of no body the selfe same impediment haue I in the ordring of an house For I nother neuer had instrumentes that is goodes and money of myn owne to lerne by hit nor there was neuer no bodye that charged me with his goodes to ouer se thē or to order them excepte ye parauenture be disposed so to do But ye knowe wel that they that lerne firste to play vpon an harpe they spille the harpe So if I shulde nowe lerne on your householde howe to kepe an house I am aferde lest I shulde destroye your house Ha ye go about very busily and redily to auoyde that ye wol not helpe me to beare and susteyne with me parte of my busines By my fay that do I not I woll be glad with all myne harte to shewe you al that euer I can But I thinke this that if ye came to my house for some fyre and I had none if I brought you to an other place where ye myghte haue some ye wolde not be displeased with me And if ye came and asked me water and I hadde none if I brought you in to a place where ye myghte drawe some ye coude not blame me And if ye wolde that I shulde teache you musicke if I dyd shewe you other men more experte in it than I am my selfe and that wolde be gladde and fayne to teache you what coude ye blame me if I dyd so I coude not do it with a good cause Therfore I wyll shewe you that these thynges which ye desire so instantly of me that there be other men more counnyng and more experte in them than I am And this I grāt you that I haue hadde a greatte mynde to knowe whiche were the moste counnynge and the mooste experte in all the citie For whan I dyd some tyme considre that in one worke one busines and one thynge doinge some waxed verye poure and some verye riche I marueiled and me thought it was a thynge to be well consydered howe that shuld be And thus consideryng I founde that this happened none other wyse than the thynge it selfe and reason wolde For I sawe that they that behaued them selfes rasshely in their busines had domage and losse by it and they that with discretion witte and good aduisement applied theyr busynes broughte theyr matters to passe more quickely more easily and with more auantage Of the whiche I thynke that ye may lerne and so by the grace of god come to be a very riche man with moche winning and lucre Nowe by my faith I wyl neuer let you be in reste vntyll the tyme ye shewe afore these frendes of yours that ye speake of that that ye haue promysed me But what wolde ye saye if I dyd shewe you some men the whiche haue builded for verye moche money vnprofitable houses without any good caste or any good cōmoditie and other that for lesse coste a great dele haue made houses lackynge nothyng that longeth to an house wyll ye not saye that I do shewe you a poynt of a good ordrer of an house Yes veryly said Crito What if I shewe you nexte and according to the same that some men haue moche householde stouffe and of all sortes and whan they haue nede of it they can not vse it but it is to seche and they can not tell whether hit be luste or saue leyde vp And for this cause they be wonderslye greued in theyr myndes and vexe trouble their seruātes and nothinge els And also other men the whiche haue no more but rather lesse haue euery thyng redy at hande whan they haue nede of it What shulde be the cause of it gentil Socrates but that the tone doth cast asyde euery thynge folisshelye without any order and the tother layth vp euery thinge in his place There ye saide well sayde Socrates And he not only setteth euerye thynge in his place but also in suche a place as is mete and conuenient to set hit in Me semeth sayd Cri. that ye say that this also is a poynt of a good order of an house And what if I shewe you that in one place al the bounde men seruantes be tyed faste yet they runne awaye often tymes and in an other place they be losed wyllyng to abyde labour with al theyr hartes wyll ye not thynke this a good poynt of a house keper worthy to be loked vpon Yes mary said Critobulus very worthy to be loked vpon And what if I shewe you housbande men of the whiche some complayne and saye that they dye for hunger for all theyr husbandry and some that haue plentie of al maner of thynges necessary by the reason of their husbandry Ye mary sayd Critobulus parauenture they bestowe their money and theyr goodes not where they shulde but in suche thynges as be hurtefull bothe to them and to theyr houses In dede there be some suche sayde Socrates but I do not speke of them but of those the which cal them selfe husbande men and
place so well in his mynde that thoughe he were not there he wolde telle you redilye where euerye thynge laye none other wyse than he that is lerned can telle howe many letters go to this worde Socrates and in what place euery letter is sette More ouer I sawe hym whan he was serchynge and castynge in his mynde howe many thynges a shyppe hath nede of Than I maruaylynge wheron he mused and studied asked hym what he meaned I considre and cast afore hande good man quod he if any thing shulde chaunce howe and in what redynes euery thynge lyeth in the shyppe whether any thynge lieth out of his place or if euery thynge be not trymmed to the purpose For hit is no tyme whan god sendeth vs a storme on the see to be sekyng that that we nede of nor to brynge forth that that is not hansome well trymmed For god thretneth punissheth them that boydel negligent And we may be glad if he do not destroy vs whā we do our deutie And if he saueth them that vse great labour and diligence they oughte to thanke hym greatly Wherfore whan I perceyued and sawe that goodly and perfecte order I saide vnto my wyfe that hit shulde be great slouthe and negligence vnto vs if they whiche be but in littell shyppes and smalle vessels fynde feete places to stowe euery thynge in that they carye with them And thoughe they be sore shaken and troubled and continuallye in great feare yet they kepe a good order And we that haue so goodly places and a house standynge stedfastlye on the lande coude not fynde places mete and cōuenient for to sette euery thynge in howe moche oughte we to be blamed of lewdnes and smalle wysedome We haue sufficiently spoken howe profitable it is to sette all the implimentes of the house in good order and to sette euery thing in suche a redines in places mete therfore that hit may be easye to fynde and come by whan nede requireth But howe goodly a thynge is it to se sewtis of all a mannes apparel lienge by it selfe keuerlettes counterpoyntes by them selfes shetes towels and al naprye ware by them selfes pottes pannes caudrous and other garnitures of the ketchyn by them selfe al that longeth to the table by it selfe and so lyke wyse of all other thinges that longe to an house wher at he that is vnwyse and knoweth not good order wyll laugh And whether it be so or not my swete wife we may lightly proue without great cost and with small labour And ye muste not trouble your selfe as though it were an harde thyng to fynde one that coude lerne the places and remembre where to sette euery thing For we knowe well that in the citie there is a thousande tymes more wave than we haue but ye● what so euer seruant ye wyll commande to go and bye you somwhat in the market he wyll not stande styl as though he coude not tel what to do but by the reason that he remembreth where he hath sene of it he goth thither streighte waye and fetcheth hit And surely ther is none other cause of this said I but that there is a place determined where one shall haue hit But if one seketh a man the whiche seketh hym to may fortune he wyll often tymes be soner werye than he can fynde hym And of this lyke wyse there is none other cause but that ther is no place appointed where the tone shulde tary for the tother As for settyng in order of the householde stouffe and of the vse of hit I remembre I spake vnto her after this maner And howe thoughte ye by your wyfe good Ischomachus sayde I Whether dyd she obeye you in that thynge that ye taught her so busily Isch What shuld I say but that she promised to applie her mynde vnto it And me thought verily by her countinaunce she was very gladde that where afore she was in a great doubte and perplexitie she had founde a good way in it and besoughte me that I wolde make an order of euery thing as I had saide vnto her as soone as was possible And what order did you shewe hir good Ischomachus said I Ischo What order shuld I shewe her but this Fyrste me thought best to shewe her what a house properly was ordeyned fore For hit is not ordeyned to be gorgiouslye peynted with diuers faire pictures but it is builded for this purpose cōsideration that it shulde be a ꝓfitable vessel for those thīges that shuld be in it Wherfore in a maner it byddeth the dwellers to lay vp euery thyng where it is most mete to put it The inner priuey chābre bicause it standeth strongest of all loketh for to haue the iewels plate and all suche thynges as be moste precious The drye places loke for the wheate The colde for the wyne And bryght places do desyre suche workes and thynges as require lightsomnes More ouer I shewed her howe parlers dynyng places wel trymmed dressed for men to eate drynke in in sommer shuld be colde in winter hotte And I shewed her howe al the situation of the house was very moche southward wherby it may be clerely vnderstāde that in winter the sonne lighteth welfauourdly vpon it and in somer there is goodly shadowe in it Further I shewed her the nourcerie the womens lodgynge diuided from the mens lodgynge left there came out any thyng amisse our seruantes shulde get them children without our consentement For they that be good if they haue children throughe our permission they woll loue vs the better And they that be noughte if they come ones to couple with a womā they wil finde the more wayes the better shyfte to fulfyl their vngratiousnes And after we had spoken thus saide he we wente and deuided the household stouffe by sewtes and sortes after this maner First we dyd put to gether all maner of thynges longynge to sacrifices Nexte to that the good wyues apparell both for holy dayes and workynge dayes and afterwarde the good mannes apparayle bothe for the holy dayes also for warre Clothes for mens chambres and for the nourcerie mennes showes and womens showes Than we appoynted out the instrumentes that belonge to spinning cardyng and suche as perteine to the bake house to the kechin to the bathe to the boulting house We dyd seperate a sonder those thinges that shuld be occupied alwaye from those that be occupied but at diner souper And we dyd seperate that that we shulde spende in a monthes space and that that was appoynted to serue vs a twelue monthe For so it is the better knowē in what maner it is brought to an ende And after we had seperated all the householde stouffe in sewtis and sortis we dyd set euery thynge in a place conuenient Afterwarde all the instrumentes that our seruātes must occupie dayly as for the bake house for the ketchyn for spynnynge and cardyng and other
of great power substance Ischo It must nedes be thus For there be some men the whiche can not lyue but they muste be holpen of other men And there be many agayne that reken hit sufficient if they can gette that that is necessarie for them But those that wyll not onely order and gyde theyr houses but also haue so great abundance that they do bothe honour to the citie and also helpe and ease theyr frendes why shuld not they be called and taken for men of profounde wisedome of great power and of stoute stomacke Socra Surely there be many of vs sayde I that may wel praise suche maner of men But for goddis sake telle me euen from the place where ye beganne howe ye go aboute to mainteine your helth and also the strēgth of your body howe it may be laufull to retourne honorably home agayne safe fro the warre For as touching the encreasinge of goodes we shal here of it afterwarde sufficiently But me thinketh saide Ischo that these thīges be linked to gether come one after an other For when a man hath meate drinke sufficiently if he do labour wel he shal haue his helth the better and the lōger And he that is well exercised in warre he shall returne home safe agayne and with more honour And he that is diligent and doth not coker hym selfe nor gyue him selfe to slouthe and idelnes he is the more likely to encreace his house So. Forsothe good Ischomachus I graunte you all this euen hitherto where ye say that he that laboureth taketh peyne vseth diligence and exerciseth him selfe cometh the rather to goodes But what labour ye vse to meinteine a good complection and to get you strength and howe also ye exercise your selfe for the warre and howe ye studie to get so moche substance and goodes that ye maye bothe helpe your frendes and make the citie more honorable and stronger by it that wolde I very fayne here Verily good Socrates saide Ischomachus I ryse in the mornynge out of my bedde so yerly that if I wol speke with any man I shall be sure to fynde hym yet within And if I haue any thynge ado in the citie I go aboute it and take hit for a walke And if I haue no matter of great importance to do within the citie my page bryngethe my horse afore in to the feldes and so I take the way to my grounde for a walke better parauenture than if I dyd walke in the galeries and walkynge places of the cite And whā I come to my groūd if my tenantes be eyther settynge of trees or tyllynge or renewynge the grounde or sowyng or carienge in the frute I beholde howe euery thynge is done and caste in my mynde howe I myghte do hit better And afterwarde for the moste parte I get me a horsebacke and ryde as nere as I can as though I were in warre constrayned to do the same wherfore I do nat spare nother croked wayes nor no shrowde goinges vp no ditches waters hedges nor trenches takynge hede for all that as nere as can be possible that in this doinge I do not maime my horse And whan I haue thus done the page leadeth the horse trottynge home againe and carieth home with hym in to the citie out of the countre that that we haue nede of And so than I get me home again some tymes walking and some tymes runnynge Than I wasshe my handes and so go to diner good Socrates the whiche is ordeyned betwene bothe so that I abyde al the day nother voyde nor yet to full So. By my trouth good Ischomachꝰ ye do these thynges wonders pleasantly For in dede to vse occupie at ones al maner of thīges that be ordeined for helthe for strength for exercise of warre for study and conueiance howe to get goodes and all in one tyme me thinketh a maruailous thynge For ye do shewe euident tokens that ye applie your minde wel truly to al this For we se you cōmonly thanked be god for the most parte helthful stronge and lusty More ouer we know that ye be called one of the best horse men and one of the richest men of the citie Ischo And though I thus do as ye haue hard yet can not I eschewe detraction ye thoughte parauenture that I wolde haue sayde I am therfore called a good honeste man So. And forsothe so I was aboute to say good Ischomachꝰ But this I thought first to enquere of you whether ye do studie and set your mynde howe to answere these detractours and speake in a cause whether it be your owne or an other mans or to iuge it if nede be Ischo Thinke yon that I do not sufficiently my parte in this matter if I thīke by my good dedes to defēde my selfe and do no wronge and as moche as I may helpe and do pleasure to many men And more ouer thinke ye that it is not well done to accuse suche men that do wronge both to priuate men and also to the citie and that wyll do no man good So. But yet if ye set your mynde to suche thynges I praye you shewe it me Ischo Forsoth I neuer stint but am alway exercising my selfe in retoricke eloquence For whan I here one of my seruantes compleyne on an other or answere in his owne cause I seke to knowe the trouthe Agayne I either blame some man to my frendes or els praise him or els I go aboute to brynge at one some men of min acqueintance that be at variāce endeuorynge my selfe to shewe them howe hit is more for their profette to be frendes than yl wyllers and enmies And before the high rulers I vse both to commēde and defende hym that is oppressed by wronge and iniurie and before the lordes of the cost seile I accuse hym that I se promoted vnworthily I preise that that is done by coūsaile deliberation the contrary I discōmende But I am nowe broughte to this point that either it behoueth me to suffre or to punishe So. Of whom I prey the Isch For that do not I yet knowe Isch Mary of my wyfe So. But in what maner do ye stryue in your quarel Isch Whan she happeth to say trouth it is very gentylly done But whan she lieth erreth in her wordes forsoth Socrates I can not refourme her So. May chance that that is false ye can not make hit trewe But parauenture ye wold begone Ischmachus and I do let you Truly I wolde be lothe to tarye you if hit please you to go hēce Ischo No in good fayth good Socrates I wyl not go hence tyl the courte breake vp Socra By my faythe ye be righte circumspecte and take good hede that ye lose not that honorable name to be called a good honeste man For where parauēture ye haue many great businessis and thinges to take hede to that require great diligence yet bicause ye promysed those strāgers to tary for
as hit is hard for a weake sowe to gyue sucke and sustināce to many pigges and kepe them fatte and in good plite whan they waxe great So. Ye sey good Ischomacus that ye muste sowe lesse seede on a weker grounde Ischo So I do in dede good Socrates and ye also dyd graunte hit vnto me a littel afore whan ye sayd that ye thought that the weakest shuld be left charged So. But for what reason good Ischomachus do ye make dyches in the corne feldes Ischo Ye wotte wel that in wynter are many showers So. what therof Ischo Mary therof chaunce many hurtes for a great parte of the felde is surrounded with water and the corne coueredde in mudde and the rootes of moche of the corne are worne and wasshed awaye with the water and further often tymes by reason of the greate abundaunce of water there cometh moche wides and other harlotry that suppresseth distroyeth the corne So. It is lyke inough that all this shulde be Isc And thynke ye than that the corne beinge in that takinge hath not nede to be holpe So. Yes mary Isch Than if the corne be couered with mudde what shal we do to helpe it So. Mary ease the grounde and make it lighter Ischo But what if the root is be waxed thynne and almoste worne away So. Thā ye must cast to more erthe that it maye take roote and growe agayne Isch But what if the wides and other harlotry sucke vp the moysture from the corne lyke as the drone bees the whiche beinge them selfes vnprofitable do robbe awaye eate vp the bees vitayles that they had set vp for to worke with So. Mary the wides and harlotry must be pluckte and cut away lyke wise as the drone bees are voyded our of the hyues Ischo Thynke yon than that we do not make the dyches and sloughes in the feldes for a good cause So. Forsothe so it is but I thīke nowe in my mynde good Ischomacus what a thynge it is to brynge in similitudes likenessis For ye haue moued me more a greate deale and made me more displeased ageynst these wides whan ye spake of the drone bees than whan ye spake of the wides them selfes But nowe after this sayd I haruest season wyl come wherfore I pray you tell me if ye haue any thinge to teche me in this matter Ischo So I wyl if ye do not shewe your selfe that ye knowe it as wel as I. This ones ye knowe that the corne muste alway be reaped Soc. What els Isch Whether than must ye stāde to reape it with the wynde or agaynste the wynde So. Not agaynst the wynde for it wolde be a great peyne as I thynke bothe for the eies and also for the hādes to reape agaynste the eares blowen downe with the wynde Ischo And how wyl ye cutte it at the very toppe or euen by the groūde So. If the stalke be short I wyl cutte it a lowe that there maye be strawe inough But if it be very hie I thynke better to cutte it in the myddell to th entent that nother the thresshere nor the fanners shal take more peyne in vayne than nedeth and that that remayneth I thynke if it be burned hit wyll do the grounde very moche good and if it be layde with the donge it wyl fyl and encrese it Ischomacus Do ye se nowe frende Socrates howe ye be taken in the very dede doinge that ye knowe as well as I what longeth to reapynge So. In faythe I am aferde lest it be so in dede And nowe wyll I se like wise whether I can thresshe or not Ischo This ye knowe well that horses do thresshe corne Socra why shulde I not and not onely horses but also moyles and oxen lyke wise Ischo But howe can these beastis stampe well and thresshe the corne euen as they sh●●de good Socrates Soc. It is clere tha● 〈◊〉 is by the reason of them whiche haue thecha●ge of the thresshynge For they do euermore turne and styrre and put vnder theyr fee● that that is vnthresshed and so they must nedes make hit euen and make an ende of hit as quickely as may be Ischo Th●h as for this busynes ye knowe it as wel as I. Socra Nowe after this good Ischomachus lette vs clense the corne and wynnowe hit Ischo Telle me thā good Socrates do ye knowe this that if ye begynne to winnowe it in that parte of the wynowynge place where the wynde is ageynst you that the chaffe wyl be scatered abrode through al the winnowynge place So. It muste nedes Ischo Than it muste nedes as wel fal vpon the corne So Verily it is no smal poynte to make the chaffe to go beyonde the corne in a voyde rowme of the wynowynge place But if a man begyn to wynowe vnder the winde or a syde halfe of hit than it is clere that al the chaffe wyl voyde to the place that is ordeyned for hit Ischo But whan ye haue clensed the corne euen to the myddyf of the wynowing place whether than the corne beinge thus scatered abrode wyl ye wynowe the remanant or wyl ye put fyrste to gether on a heape as narowly as can be al that euer is clene So. Forsoth I wyl first put to geder on a heape all that is clene left parauenture the chaffe be caried about the wynowinge place wher by I shulde be fayne to wynowe twyse one thynge Ischo Nowe than gentyl Socrates ye may teche an other man if ye wyll how he shal soonest gette his corne clensed So. In good fayth I had almost forgotte that I coude all this a greate while ago And nowe I caste in my mynde whether I haue forgottē my selfe that I can playe on a harpe play vpon recorders peynte and carue and other sciēces For there was neuer man that taught me these no more thā to be a husbande man And I se as well other men worke in theyr sciēces as husbāde men laboure the grounde Ischo And dyd not I tel you but a littel afore that this science of husbandry is wonders pleasant and very easy to lerne So. I knowe very wel good Ischomacus that I vnderstode and coude al maner of thynges that do lōge to sowinge but I haue forgottē my selfe that I coude them But the settynge of trees sayde I is that any poynte of husbandry Isch Yes mary So. How happeneth than that I knewe wel al suche thynges as lōge to earynge and sowyng and am ignoraunt in that that longeth to plantynge of trees Ischo Be ye ignorant in dede So. I must nedis be seinge I know not in what groūde a man shulde set a tree nor howe depe nor of what length nor what breade it be sette in nor whan it is in the groūde how it shal best growe and come vp Ischo Wel than lerne that that ye knowe not I am sure ye haue seen what pyttes they make for trees that do sette them So. That I haue very many