some_o have_v give_v the_o upper_a hand_n to_o that_o distortion_n of_o the_o countenance_n accompany_v with_o a_o loud_a but_o inarticulate_a voice_n which_o we_o call_v laughter_n but_o this_o be_v neither_o proper_a to_o nor_o inseparable_a from_o joy_n can_v therefore_o belong_v to_o it_o essentia_o that_o it_o be_v frequent_o a_o concomitant_a of_o mirth_n or_o hilarity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v dispute_v but_o mirth_n be_v the_o low_a degree_n of_o joy_n a_o light_n and_o superficial_a emotion_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n and_o spirit_n a_o kind_n of_o short_a tickle_a of_o the_o imagination_n usua_o express_v by_o laughter_n whereas_o joy_n be_v serious_a profound_a and_o grave_a according_a to_o that_o memorable_a sentence_n of_o seneca_n epist_n 23._o res_fw-la severa_fw-la est_fw-la verum_fw-la gaudium_fw-la laughter_n then_o as_o i_o say_v be_v not_o proper_a to_o all_o joy_n because_o common_a to_o some_o other_o affection_n for_o some_o be_v observe_v to_o laugh_v out_o 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laughter_n or_o because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o lung_n be_v so_o distend_v with_o blood_n that_o they_o can_v by_o repeted_a concussion_n or_o alternate_a contraction_n and_o relaxation_n be_v further_o inflate_v with_o air_n whereof_o no_o little_a quantity_n be_v require_v to_o produce_v that_o loud_a sound_n emit_v in_o laughter_n that_o we_o may_v understand_v this_o matter_n more_o full_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o cause_n or_o occasion_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o laughter_n as_o for_o the_o first_o laughter_n viz._n the_o occasion_n or_o motive_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v there_o must_v concur_v therein_o these_o three_o condition_n follow_v 1._o it_o must_v be_v new_a and_o surprise_a because_o whatsoever_o be_v ridiculous_a at_o first_o cease_v to_o be_v so_o when_o grow_v stale_a 2._o it_o must_v be_v such_o a_o novelty_n as_o may_v suggest_v to_o we_o a_o conception_n of_o some_o eminency_n or_o advantage_n in_o ourselves_o above_o another_o who_o the_o occasion_n chief_o concern_v for_o why_o be_v we_o natural_o prone_a to_o laugh_v at_o either_o a_o jest_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o witty_a or_o elegant_a discovery_n and_o representation_n of_o some_o absurdity_n or_o indecency_n of_o another_o abstract_v from_o his_o person_n or_o at_o the_o mischance_n and_o infirmity_n of_o other_o unless_o from_o hence_o that_o thereby_o our_o own_o ability_n be_v the_o more_o set_v off_o and_o illustrate_v and_o recommend_v to_o we_o by_o way_n of_o comparison_n 3._o it_o must_v not_o touch_v our_o own_o or_o our_o friend_n honour_n for_o in_o that_o point_n we_o be_v too_o tender_a to_o tolerate_v much_o less_o to_o laugh_v at_o a_o jest_n break_v upon_o ourselves_o or_o friend_n of_o who_o dishonour_n we_o participate_v these_o requisite_n in_o a_o ridiculous_a cause_n consider_v we_o may_v adventure_v to_o conclude_v that_o laughter_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o sudden_a but_o light_a joy_n arise_v from_o the_o unexpected_a discovery_n of_o some_o infirmity_n in_o another_o not_o our_o friend_n and_o from_o imagination_n of_o our_o own_o eminency_n and_o exemption_n from_o the_o like_a here_o then_o you_o see_v be_v something_o of_o admiration_n from_o the_o novelty_n something_o of_o aversion_n from_o the_o infirmity_n &_o something_o of_o joy_n or_o triumph_v from_o our_o opinion_n of_o some_o eminency_n in_o ourselves_o indignation_n and_o as_o for_o that_o laughter_n which_o be_v sometime_o join_v with_o indignation_n it_o be_v most_o common_o fictitious_a or_o artificial_a and_o then_o it_o depend_v entire_o upon_o our_o will_n as_o a_o voluntary_a action_n but_o when_o it_o be_v true_a or_o natural_a it_o seem_v likewise_o to_o arise_v from_o joy_n conceive_v from_o hence_o that_o we_o see_v ourselves_o to_o be_v above_o offence_n by_o that_o evil_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n or_o subject_n of_o our_o indignation_n and_o that_o we_o feel_v ourselves_o surprise_v by_o the_o unexpected_a novelty_n of_o the_o same_o so_o that_o to_o the_o production_n of_o this_o laughter_n also_o be_v require_v a_o concur_v of_o joy_n aversion_n and_o admiration_n but_o all_o moderate_a if_o this_o be_v so_o laughter_n what_o then_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o that_o odd_a example_n of_o laughter_n in_o ludovicus_n vives_fw-la who_o write_v of_o himself_o lib._n 3._o de_fw-la anima_fw-la cap._n de_fw-fr risu_fw-la that_o usual_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o eat_v after_o long_o fast_v he_o can_v not_o forbear_v to_o break_v forth_o into_o a_o fit_a of_o loud_a laughter_n this_o doubtless_o be_v not_o voluntary_a because_o he_o strive_v to_o suppress_v it_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v convulsive_a such_o as_o physician_n call_v risus_fw-la sardonius_n because_o he_o be_v in_o perfect_a health_n sensible_a of_o no_o pain_n therein_o nor_o incommodity_n thereupon_o it_o must_v therefore_o be_v natural_a though_o not_o passionate_a proceed_v from_o some_o cause_n very_o obscure_a and_o idiosyncritical_a that_o be_v peculiar_a to_o his_o constitution_n perhaps_o this_o that_o in_o this_o learned_a man_n either_o the_o lung_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o be_v distend_v with_o blood_n or_o the_o midriff_n more_o easy_o put_v into_o the_o motion_n that_o produce_v laughter_n than_o common_o they_o be_v in_o most_o other_o man_n the_o first_o because_o in_o general_a whatsoever_o cause_v the_o lung_n to_o be_v sudden_o puff_v up_o and_o distend_v with_o blood_n cause_v also_o the_o external_a action_n of_o laughter_n unless_o where_o sorrow_n change_v that_o action_n into_o groan_v and_o weep_v the_o other_o because_o all_o laughter_n be_v make_v chief_o by_o quick_a and_o short_a vibration_n of_o the_o midriff_n but_o this_o rare_a phenomenon_n we_o shall_v perhaps_o be_v better_a able_a to_o solve_v when_o we_o have_v consider_v how_o the_o action_n of_o laughter_n be_v perform_v in_o all_o other_o man_n thereof_o concern_v this_o problem_n therefore_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o man_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a consent_n or_o sympathy_n or_o rather_o commerce_n of_o motion_n betwixt_o the_o midriff_n and_o the_o heart_n yea_o and_o the_o imagination_n also_o than_o in_o brute_n of_o what_o order_n or_o tribe_n soever_o and_o that_o the_o reason_n give_v hereof_o by_o the_o most_o accurate_a of_o our_o modern_a anatomist_n be_v this_o that_o the_o principal_a nerve_n of_o the_o midriff_n be_v root_v in_o the_o same_o nerve_n of_o the_o spine_n name_v nervus_fw-la vertebralis_fw-la from_o whence_o there_o come_v a_o conspicuous_a branch_n into_o the_o grand_a plexus_fw-la of_o the_o intercostal_n nerve_n and_o that_o common_o two_o sometime_o three_o other_o branch_n more_o be_v derive_v from_o that_o same_o notable_a plexus_fw-la into_o the_o very_a trunk_n of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o diaphragm_n as_o you_o may_v see_v most_o elegant_o represent_v by_o dr._n willis_n in_o the_o 9_o the_o table_n of_o his_o most_o elaborate_a book_n de_fw-fr anatomia_fw-la cerebri_fw-la which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o beast_n for_o from_o this_o plenty_n and_o singular_a contexture_n of_o nerve_n it_o may_v be_v conjecture_v not_o only_o why_o the_o diaphragm_n do_v so_o ready_o conform_v its_o motion_n to_o those_o of_o the_o praecordia_fw-la and_o of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n excite_v in_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o cooperate_v with_o they_o but_o also_o why_o risibility_n be_v a_o affection_n proper_a only_o to_o man._n for_o as_o the_o same_o most_o curious_a dr._n willis_n reason_v in_o his_o chapter_n of_o the_o function_n and_o use_n of_o the_o intercostal_n pair_n of_o nerve_n when_o the_o imagination_n be_v affect_v with_o some_o pleasant_a and_o new_a conceit_n instant_o there_o be_v cause_v a_o brisk_a and_o placid_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o if_o it_o spring_v up_o with_o joy_n to_o be_v alleviate_v or_o ease_v of_o its_o burden_n wherefore_o that_o the_o blood_n may_v be_v the_o more_o speedy_o discharge_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o the_o lung_n and_o out_o
be_v likewise_o straighten_v by_o constriction_n of_o the_o same_o nerve_n whether_o this_o ingenious_a conjecture_n be_v true_a or_o not_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o tear_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o lymphducts_a and_o that_o they_o flow_v from_o the_o aforesaid_a glandule_n which_o be_v therefore_o name_v lacrymale_n and_o as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o expression_n from_o thence_o in_o some_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n express_v the_o most_o rational_a account_n i_o have_v hitherto_o meet_v with_o concern_v it_o be_v this_o when_o any_o occasion_n of_o weep_a occurr_n and_o affect_v the_o sensitive_a soul_n instant_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n with_o all_o the_o praecordia_fw-la be_v by_o the_o blood_n in_o abundance_n bring_v into_o they_o more_o than_o usualy_a crowd_a and_o distend_v and_o the_o lung_n also_o stuff_v and_o inflate_v so_o that_o they_o can_v perform_v the_o action_n of_o respiration_n but_o by_o sob_n intermix_v and_o the_o midriff_n to_o give_v room_n to_o such_o distension_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o lung_n be_v press_v downward_o with_o a_o more_o intense_a contraction_n alternate_o succeed_v which_o great_a depression_n and_o brisk_a contraction_n be_v repete_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o sob_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o air_n be_v with_o difficulty_n admit_v into_o the_o lung_n by_o reason_n they_o and_o the_o midriff_n be_v so_o exceed_o distend_v and_o with_o no_o less_o difficulty_n explode_v again_o by_o the_o windpipe_n thence_o come_v that_o whine_a sound_n of_o cry_v and_o howl_v to_o this_o affection_n of_o the_o vital_n the_o part_n of_o the_o face_n also_o be_v distort_v into_o a_o sad_a and_o mournful_a aspect_n exact_o correspond_v because_o the_o nerve_n which_o contract_v the_o praecordia_fw-la have_v a_o communion_n of_o continuity_n and_o cooperate_v with_o those_o which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o face_n and_o which_o compose_v it_o into_o the_o posture_n of_o weep_v and_o laughter_n in_o passion_n nor_o do_v the_o disorder_n cease_v here_o but_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o upper_a region_n also_o to_o the_o brain_n where_o the_o spirit_n be_v put_v into_o confusion_n and_o the_o artery_n surcharge_v with_o too_o great_a a_o afflux_n of_o blood_n from_o the_o oppress_a heart_n the_o palace_n of_o the_o soul_n itself_o be_v bring_v into_o danger_n of_o a_o purple_a deluge_n for_o prevention_n whereof_o the_o nerve_n encircle_v and_o bind_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o artery_n in_o many_o place_n strong_o constringe_v they_o so_o that_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v much_o repress_v the_o liquor_n thereof_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o passion_n high_o rarefy_v sudden_o condense_v and_o the_o serous_a part_n of_o it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o flux_n be_v transmit_v into_o the_o above_o mention_v glandule_n of_o the_o eye_n there_o place_v and_o destine_v by_o nature_n to_o receive_v it_o and_o then_o because_o these_o glandule_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n constringe_v and_o as_o it_o be_v squeeze_v by_o certain_a nerve_n that_o be_v of_o the_o same_o original_n and_o community_n with_o the_o pathetic_a nerve_n of_o the_o face_n and_o heart_n the_o serous_a liquor_n be_v express_v out_o of_o they_o through_o their_o excretory_a channel_n lead_v to_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o eye_n most_o accurrate_o describe_v with_o their_o use_n by_o that_o diligent_a anatomist_n nichol._n steno_n in_o a_o singular_a treatise_n and_o force_v to_o distil_v in_o a_o shower_n of_o tear_n the_o strong_a contraction_n of_o the_o membrane_n invest_v the_o whole_a brain_n concur_v to_o that_o expression_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v likewise_o of_o the_o shed_n tear_n for_o joy._n joy._n for_o in_o sudden_a and_o great_a joy_n conjoin_v with_o admiration_n the_o sensitive_a soul_n very_o much_o expand_v herself_o and_o diffuse_v the_o animal_n spirit_n the_o blood_n be_v send_v from_o the_o heart_n in_o great_a abundance_n to_o the_o brain_n so_o as_o to_o distend_v the_o vessel_n that_o contain_v it_o which_o be_v soon_o after_o strong_o contract_v again_o by_o the_o same_o soul_n withdraw_v herself_o inward_a as_o if_o she_o fear_v a_o dissolution_n by_o so_o ample_a a_o effusion_n the_o blood_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n put_v into_o a_o flux_n or_o melt_v and_o the_o serous_a part_n of_o it_o separate_v in_o the_o glandule_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o thence_o by_o constriction_n of_o the_o nerve_n squeeze_v forth_o in_o tear_n tear_n this_o be_v suppose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o we_o thence_o to_o infer_v that_o infant_n and_o old_a man_n be_v indeed_o more_o prone_a to_o weep_v than_o those_o of_o middle_a age_n but_o for_o divers_a reason_n old_a man_n for_o the_o most_o part_n weep_v out_o of_o love_n and_o joy_n together_o because_o both_o these_o affection_n cause_v a_o great_a effusion_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n and_o consequent_o a_o large_a apertion_n of_o the_o orifice_n or_o sluice_n of_o the_o heart_n must_v therefore_o especial_o where_o they_o be_v conjoin_v cause_v also_o a_o transmission_n of_o the_o blood_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o brain_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o the_o blood_n be_v genera_o more_o thin_a and_o dilute_v with_o serum_fw-la in_o old_a man_n must_v yield_v more_o matter_n for_o their_o tear_n but_o infant_n common_o weep_v out_o of_o mere_a sorrow_n and_o vexation_n such_o as_o be_v not_o accompany_v with_o the_o least_o of_o love_n because_o the_o contraction_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o nerve_n cause_v by_o sorrow_n express_v out_o of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v always_o abundant_a in_o child_n bring_v by_o the_o artery_n to_o the_o brain_n a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o serum_fw-la to_o replenish_v the_o glandulae_fw-la lachrymale_n and_o supply_v the_o source_n of_o their_o tear_n sob_v there_o remain_v yet_o that_o other_o sign_n of_o sorrow_n which_o do_v usual_o accompany_v it_o when_o it_o be_v profound_a and_o extreme_a and_o that_o be_v sigh_v the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v very_o much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o weep_v though_o both_o proceed_v from_o grief_n for_o the_o same_o occasion_n that_o move_v we_o to_o shed_v tear_n when_o our_o lung_n be_v stuff_v and_o distend_v with_o blood_n provoke_v we_o also_o to_o fetch_v deep_a sigh_n when_o they_o be_v almost_o empty_a and_o when_o some_o sudden_a imagination_n of_o hope_n or_o comfort_n open_v the_o sluice_n of_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la in_o the_o lung_n which_o sorrow_n have_v late_o contract_v for_o then_o that_o little_a blood_n that_o remain_v in_o the_o lung_n in_o a_o moment_n pass_v down_o through_o that_o pipe_n into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o ambient_fw-la air_n instant_o rush_v by_o the_o mouth_n into_o the_o lung_n to_o replenish_v that_o place_n the_o blood_n have_v leave_v free_a and_o this_o great_a and_o quick_a repletion_n of_o the_o lung_n with_o air_n be_v what_o we_o call_v sigh_v you_o have_v now_o hear_v what_o conjecture_n seem_v to_o i_o most_o consentaneous_a to_o reason_n and_o anatomical_a observation_n concern_v the_o corporeal_a motion_n excite_v in_o those_o two_o eminent_a passion_n joy_n and_o sorrow_n with_o their_o usual_a adjunct_n laughter_n and_o weep_v be_v please_v to_o hear_v also_o a_o few_o word_n touch_v the_o more_o violent_a motion_n proper_a to_o anger_n which_o i_o have_v promise_v next_o to_o consider_v anger_n that_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o most_o vehement_a commotion_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n be_v various_a not_o only_o as_o the_o occasion_n or_o injury_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v great_a or_o less_o but_o also_o according_a to_o the_o various_a temperament_n of_o person_n and_o to_o the_o diversity_n of_o other_o passion_n conjoin_v therewith_o be_v obvious_a to_o common_a observation_n and_o we_o have_v already_o hint_v and_o from_o this_o variety_n it_o be_v that_o man_n have_v distinguish_v anger_n into_o harmless_a and_o dangerous_a or_o simple_a heat_n of_o blood_n and_o thirst_n after_o revenge_n assign_v moreover_o to_o each_o sort_n its_o proper_a sign_n or_o character_n observable_a in_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o face_n for_o some_o when_o they_o be_v angry_a look_v pale_a or_o tremble_v other_o grow_v red_a or_o weep_v and_o the_o vulgar_a judge_v the_o passion_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n to_o be_v much_o more_o dangerous_a than_o that_o of_o the_o other_o whereof_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v this_o that_o when_o we_o either_o will_v not_o or_o can_v show_v our_o resentment_n and_o revenge_v otherwise_o than_o by_o our_o change_n of_o countenance_n and_o by_o word_n we_o than_o put_v forth_o all_o our_o heat_n and_o exert_v all_o our_o force_n at_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o commotion_n so_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v in_o this_o sudden_a effort_n copious_o effuse_v
obtain_v her_o end_n and_o there_o occur_v to_o she_o more_o reason_n for_o the_o facility_n then_o there_o succeed_v that_o gentle_a effusion_n or_o tendency_n of_o the_o soul_n towards_o the_o good_a desire_a which_o be_v call_v hope_n or_o expectation_n of_o good_a to_o come_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o great_a weight_n be_v find_v in_o the_o other_o scale_n and_o she_o apprehend_v the_o thing_n desire_v to_o be_v difficult_a she_o be_v immediate_o contract_v and_o cool_v with_o that_o ungrateful_a passion_n fear_v which_o be_v expectation_n of_o evil_a to_o come_v and_o as_o hope_v exalt_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n be_v change_v into_o trust_n confidence_n or_o security_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a fear_v in_o extremity_n become_v desperation_n again_o if_o this_o contraction_n of_o the_o soul_n by_o fear_n be_v sudden_a and_o profound_a and_o the_o evil_n expect_v very_o great_a then_o be_v the_o passion_n call_v terror_n dread_a and_o consternation_n which_o sometime_o be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o cause_v exanimation_n or_o sudden_a death_n courage_n if_o the_o soul_n upon_o apprehension_n that_o the_o good_a desire_a be_v not_o indeed_o absolute_o impossible_a but_o high_o difficult_a for_o she_o to_o obtain_v or_o the_o evil_n fear_v be_v not_o altogether_o impossible_a yet_o extreme_o hard_a to_o be_v avoid_v persist_v in_o her_o contraction_n she_o be_v daunt_v or_o cowd_v into_o that_o ignoble_a weakness_n call_v pusillanimity_n or_o cowardice_n but_o if_o after_o her_o contraction_n at_o first_o she_o exsert_v her_o strength_n spring_v forth_o as_o it_o be_v and_o with_o vehemency_n dilate_v herself_o to_o surmount_v her_o fear_n and_o overcome_v the_o difficulty_n apprehend_v then_o be_v she_o reanimate_v as_o it_o be_v or_o fortify_v with_o the_o noble_a of_o all_o passion_n courage_n or_o boldness_n or_o bravery_n of_o mind_n which_o make_v she_o contemn_v all_o obstacle_n to_o her_o attainment_n of_o her_o end_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o acquisition_n of_o good_a or_o declination_n of_o evil_a and_o which_o when_o it_o be_v not_o a_o habit_n or_o natural_a inclination_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o ardour_n or_o flash_v of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n dispose_v she_o to_o act_v vigorous_o and_o without_o fear_n towards_o the_o vanquish_a of_o difficulty_n that_o stand_v betwixt_o she_o and_o the_o scope_n she_o aim_v at_o and_o of_o this_o animosity_n emulation_n be_v a_o species_n whereby_o the_o soul_n be_v dispose_v to_o attempt_v or_o enetrprise_v difficult_a thing_n magnanimity_n which_o she_o hope_n will_v succeed_v happy_o to_o she_o because_o she_o observe_v they_o to_o do_v so_o to_o other_o but_o than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o simple_a animosity_n by_o two_o propriety_n whereof_o one_o be_v that_o it_o have_v not_o only_o a_o internal_a cause_n viz._n such_o a_o disposition_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o body_n that_o desire_n and_o hope_n may_v have_v great_a power_n in_o impel_v the_o blood_n in_o abundance_n to_o the_o heart_n than_o fear_v or_o despair_n can_v have_v in_o hinder_v that_o motion_n but_o also_o a_o external_a cause_n namely_o the_o example_n of_o other_o who_o have_v be_v prosperous_a in_o the_o like_a attempt_n which_o create_v a_o belief_n in_o we_o that_o we_o also_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o conquer_v the_o difficulty_n occur_v afwell_n as_o those_o other_o have_v do_v the_o other_o this_o that_o emulation_n be_v ever_o accompany_v with_o secret_a grief_n which_o arise_v from_o see_v ourselves_o exceed_v or_o excel_v by_o our_o concurrent_n but_o simple_a animosity_n want_v both_o example_n for_o incitement_n and_o grief_n for_o alloy_n but_o both_o these_o passion_n equaly_a depend_v upon_o hope_n of_o good_a success_n for_o though_o the_o object_n of_o audacity_n be_v difficulty_n yet_o to_o animate_v we_o to_o contend_v brave_o with_o that_o difficulty_n despair_n we_o must_v be_v possess_v with_o a_o strong_a hope_n or_o certain_a belief_n that_o we_o shall_v at_o length_n attain_v our_o end_n yet_o this_o end_n be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o that_o object_n for_o there_o can_v be_v both_o certitude_n and_o despair_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n so_o when_o the_o roman_a decii_n rush_v into_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o run_v to_o certain_a death_n the_o object_n of_o their_o dare_a be_v the_o difficulty_n of_o conserve_n their_o life_n in_o that_o action_n for_o which_o difficulty_n they_o have_v nothing_o but_o desperation_n be_v resolve_v certain_o to_o die_v but_o their_o end_n be_v either_o by_o their_o example_n to_o inspire_v courage_n into_o the_o roman_a army_n and_o by_o they_o to_o obtain_v the_o victory_n they_o hope_v or_o to_o acquire_v posthume_n glory_n whereof_o they_o be_v certain_a if_o therefore_o even_o in_o this_o action_n that_o be_v in_o itself_o desperate_a courage_n be_v ground_v upon_o hope_n we_o may_v well_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v always_o so_o doubt_v from_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v allege_v of_o hope_n and_o fear_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o may_v have_v those_o contrary_a passion_n excite_v in_o we_o though_o the_o event_n of_o the_o thing_n expect_v no_o way_n depend_v upon_o ourselves_o but_o when_o we_o proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o event_n as_o altogether_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n depend_v upon_o our_o own_o counsel_n and_o perceive_v a_o difficulty_n to_o arise_v either_o in_o our_o election_n or_o execution_n of_o the_o mean_n whereby_o to_o obtain_v our_o end_n then_o there_o immediate_o follow_v a_o doubt_v or_o fluctuation_n of_o the_o mind_n whereby_o we_o be_v dispose_v to_o deliberate_v and_o consult_v and_o which_o be_v indeed_o a_o species_n of_o fear_n and_o this_o waver_a while_o it_o retain_v the_o soul_n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o doubtful_a balance_n betwixt_o two_o action_n which_o be_v offer_v to_o her_o election_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o she_o perform_v neither_o but_o take_v time_n to_o consider_v before_o she_o determine_v which_o to_o do_v for_o fear_n of_o err_v in_o her_o choice_n which_o fear_n if_o moderate_a and_o under_o the_o command_n of_o prudence_n be_v always_o of_o good_a use_n in_o that_o it_o serve_v to_o prevent_v temerity_n or_o rashness_n but_o in_o some_o over-cautious_a person_n it_o be_v so_o vehement_a that_o though_o but_o one_o thing_n occur_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v by_o they_o it_o hold_v they_o too_o long_o upon_o the_o rack_n of_o suspense_n and_o hinder_v they_o from_o proceed_v to_o action_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o passion_n be_v excess_n of_o doubt_v arise_v from_o too_o ardent_a desire_n of_o good_a success_n and_o weakness_n of_o understanding_n which_o have_v indeed_o many_o confuse_a notion_n but_o none_o perspicuous_a and_o distinct_a concern_v the_o mean_n to_o effect_v its_o design_n if_o during_o this_o irresolution_n acquiescence_n we_o have_v determine_v the_o liberty_n of_o our_o choice_n and_o fix_v upon_o some_o one_o action_n in_o order_n to_o our_o end_n and_o the_o event_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o our_o expectation_n present_o we_o be_v affect_v with_o that_o disquiet_n of_o mind_n which_o be_v name_v by_o the_o greek_n synteresis_fw-la by_o the_o latin_n morsus_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la and_o by_o the_o french_a regret_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o as_o the_o precedent_a passion_n respect_v the_o future_a but_o present_a or_o past_a time_n this_o remorse_n of_o conscience_n be_v no_o other_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o sorrow_n arise_v from_o a_o scruple_n interpose_v whether_o what_o we_o be_v do_v or_o have_v do_v be_v good_a or_o not_o and_o it_o necessary_o presuppose_v dubitation_n for_o if_o we_o be_v clear_o convince_v that_o the_o action_n we_o be_v do_v be_v realy_a evil_n we_o shall_v certain_o abstain_v from_o do_v it_o because_o the_o will_n be_v not_o carry_v to_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o have_v some_o show_n of_o goodness_n in_o it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o what_o we_o have_v do_v be_v realy_a evil_n we_o shall_v present_o be_v touch_v not_o with_o simple_a regret_n but_o with_o repentance_n for_o as_o the_o good_a we_o have_v do_v give_v we_o that_o internal_a acquiescence_n or_o satisfaction_n which_o be_v of_o all_o other_o passion_n the_o sweet_a so_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o ill_a we_o have_v do_v punish_v we_o with_o repentance_n which_o be_v of_o all_o passion_n the_o bitter_a have_v in_o this_o manner_n discover_v the_o original_n and_o distinct_a propriety_n of_o these_o two_o opposite_a passion_n hope_v and_o fear_v with_o their_o genuine_a dependent_n it_o may_v not_o a_o little_a conduce_v to_o the_o illustration_n of_o what_o have_v here_o be_v brief_o deliver_v concern_v they_o if_o we_o more_o express_o describe_v the_o divers_a motion_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n and_o spirit_n that_o constitute_v their_o formal_a reason_n so_o far_o at_o least_o as_o those_o motion_n
point_n of_o temperament_n and_o as_o this_o or_o that_o of_o the_o usual_a concomitant_n of_o it_o be_v more_o powerful_a than_o the_o rest_n so_o must_v the_o effect_n thereof_o upon_o the_o body_n be_v likewise_o various_a and_o from_o this_o variety_n man_n have_v take_v notice_n chief_o of_o two_o sort_n of_o anger_n one_o that_o be_v quick_o kindle_v violent_a at_o first_o and_o discover_v itself_o visible_o by_o outward_a sign_n but_o perform_v little_a and_o may_v be_v easy_o compose_v and_o to_o this_o they_o be_v most_o obnoxious_a who_o be_v good-natured_a i.e._n who_o be_v incline_v to_o goodness_n and_o love_n for_o it_o arise_v not_o from_o profound_a hatred_n but_o from_o a_o sudden_a aversion_n surprise_v they_o because_o be_v propen_v to_o conceive_v that_o all_o thing_n ought_v to_o proceed_v in_o that_o manner_n which_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v the_o best_a whenever_o they_o see_v other_o to_o act_v otherwise_o first_o they_o admire_v and_o then_o be_v offend_v and_o so_o what_o will_v be_v to_o other_o matter_n only_o of_o indignation_n to_o they_o prove_v cause_n of_o anger_n but_o this_o commotion_n be_v soon_o calm_v because_o the_o force_n of_o the_o sudden_a aversion_n that_o raise_v it_o continue_v not_o long_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o the_o thing_n for_o which_o they_o be_v offend_v ought_v not_o to_o have_v commove_v they_o to_o passion_n they_o suppress_v their_o displeasure_n and_o repent_v of_o it_o the_o other_o that_o wherein_o hatred_n and_o grief_n be_v predominant_a and_o which_o though_o at_o first_o it_o hardly_o betray_v itself_o by_o external_a sign_n unless_o by_o the_o sudden_a paleness_n of_o the_o countenance_n and_o tremble_a be_v notwithstanding_o more_o impetuous_a within_o secret_o gnaw_v the_o very_a heart_n and_o produce_v dangerous_a effect_n and_o to_o this_o pernicious_a sort_n of_o anger_n they_o be_v most_o subject_a who_o have_v prouâ—_n cowardly_a and_o weak_a soul_n for_o so_o much_o the_o great_a do_v injury_n appear_v by_o how_o much_o the_o better_a opinion_n pride_n make_v man_n to_o have_v of_o themselves_o yea_o and_o by_o how_o much_o great_a value_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o thing_n which_o the_o injury_n take_v away_o and_o these_o thing_n be_v always_o so_o much_o the_o more_o value_v by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o weak_a and_o abject_a the_o soul_n be_v because_o they_o depend_v upon_o other_o but_o the_o generous_a put_v little_a value_n upon_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o dependent_a upon_o themselves_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o opinion_n other_o man_n have_v of_o we_o the_o good_a which_o we_o believe_v to_o be_v in_o we_o dispose_v we_o to_o glory_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o self-estimation_n and_o joy_n shame_n for_o to_o see_v ourselves_o well_o esteem_v by_o other_o give_v we_o cause_n to_o have_v a_o good_a esteem_n for_o ourselves_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o evil_a we_o be_v conscious_a of_o force_v we_o to_o shame_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o modesty_n or_o humility_n and_o self-diffidence_n for_o as_o we_o have_v former_o observe_v who_o think_v himself_o above_o contempt_n will_v hardly_o be_v humble_v to_o shame_n these_o two_o passion_n glory_n and_o shame_n though_o direct_o opposite_a each_o to_o other_o do_v yet_o agree_v in_o their_o end_n which_o be_v to_o incite_v we_o to_o virtue_n the_o first_o by_o hope_n the_o other_o by_o fear_n and_o that_o we_o may_v make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o they_o both_o we_o be_v to_o have_v our_o judgement_n well_o instruct_v what_o action_n be_v true_o worthy_a praise_n or_o dispraise_v lest_o otherwise_o we_o be_v ashamed_a of_o virtuous_a action_n or_o affect_v glory_n from_o vice_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o too_o great_a a_o part_n of_o mankind_n thus_o have_v we_o at_o length_n recount_v all_o the_o passion_n of_o this_o our_o five_o division_n and_o deduce_v they_o successive_o from_o their_o several_a cause_n or_o occasion_n in_o that_o order_n wherein_o their_o most_o remarkable_a diversity_n seem_v to_o we_o most_o easy_o distinguishable_a but_o now_o because_o some_o of_o these_o passion_n be_v simple_a other_o compose_v and_o that_o to_o our_o more_o clear_a understanding_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o both_o sort_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o inquire_v more_o profound_o into_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n and_o spirit_n that_o constitute_v their_o essential_a difference_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o yield_v obedience_n to_o that_o necessity_n so_o far_o forth_o at_o least_o as_o to_o explain_v the_o motion_n proper_a to_o that_o couplet_n of_o more_o simple_a affection_n joy_n and_o grief_n the_o two_o point_n in_o which_o all_o human_a action_n end_n and_o to_o that_o most_o violent_a one_o anger_n in_o joy_n therefore_o joy._n which_o be_v a_o delightful_a commotion_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n as_o it_o be_v triumph_v in_o her_o fruition_n of_o good_a or_o pleasure_n i_o conceive_v that_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v in_o great_a abundance_n but_o with_o a_o placid_n and_o equal_a motion_n send_v by_o the_o nerve_n to_o the_o heart_n cause_n the_o orifice_n thereof_o to_o be_v open_v and_o dilate_a more_o than_o at_o other_o time_n and_o so_o the_o blood_n to_o be_v import_v and_o export_v more_o copious_o and_o free_o and_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n from_o the_o blood_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o brain_n a_o plenteous_a supply_n of_o new_a spirit_n which_o extract_v out_o of_o the_o pure_a and_o most_o refine_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v most_o fit_a to_o confirm_v the_o idea_n form_v of_o the_o present_a good_a in_o the_o imagination_n and_o so_o to_o continue_v the_o soul_n in_o her_o pleasant_a emotion_n hence_o probable_o it_o be_v that_o in_o this_o most_o agreeable_a passion_n both_o the_o pulse_n be_v always_o make_v equal_a and_o more_o frequent_a though_o not_o so_o intense_a and_o strong_a as_o in_o love_n and_o a_o certain_a grateful_a heat_n be_v feel_v not_o only_o through_o the_o lung_n and_o all_o the_o breast_n but_o through_o all_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o body_n from_o the_o diffusion_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o full_a stream_n into_o they_o which_o be_v discernible_a even_o by_o the_o florid_n purple_a colour_n wherewith_o they_o be_v sudden_o tinge_v and_o by_o the_o inflation_n or_o plumpness_n of_o all_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o face_n which_o be_v thereby_o render_v more_o serene_a sweet_a and_o cheerful_a easy_n therefore_o it_o be_v to_o infer_v that_o as_o this_o passion_n be_v most_o congruous_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o corporeal_a soul_n so_o be_v the_o corporeal_a motion_n that_o accompany_v and_o characterise_v it_o most_o profitable_a to_o health_n provide_v they_o be_v moderare_fw-la for_o this_o commotion_n and_o effusion_n may_v be_v so_o vehement_a and_o sudden_a that_o the_o soul_n may_v become_v weak_a and_o unable_a to_o rule_v the_o body_n or_o to_o actuate_v the_o organ_n of_o speech_n yea_o swoon_a and_o death_n itself_o sometime_o follow_v profuse_a and_o insolent_a joy_n so_o lacon_n chilo_n a_o eminent_a philosopher_n sudden_o expire_v in_o excessive_a joy_n behold_v his_o son_n a_o victor_n in_o the_o olympic_a game_n so_o sophocles_n the_o tragedian_n also_o and_o dionysius_n the_o tyrant_n die_v of_o a_o surfeit_n of_o sudden_a joy_n the_o reason_n whereof_o seem_v to_o consist_v not_o in_o a_o vehement_a effusion_n and_o dissipation_n of_o the_o vital_a spirit_n and_o a_o destitution_n of_o the_o heart_n consequent_a thereunto_o as_o fernelius_n will_v have_v it_o because_o the_o fast_o the_o blood_n be_v effuse_v through_o the_o artery_n from_o the_o heart_n the_o swift_a must_v it_o return_v to_o the_o heart_n through_o the_o vein_n so_o that_o the_o heart_n can_v be_v tota_o exhaust_v and_o leave_v destitute_a of_o blood_n but_o rather_o in_o a_o surcharge_n and_o suffocation_n of_o the_o heart_n by_o too_o redundant_fw-la a_o afflux_n of_o blood_n for_o upon_o extraordinary_a dilatation_n of_o the_o floodgate_n of_o the_o heart_n by_o immoderate_a joy_n the_o current_n of_o blood_n both_o out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o from_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la may_v pour_v itself_o with_o so_o much_o violence_n and_o in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n into_o the_o ventricle_n thereof_o that_o the_o heart_n unable_a to_o discharge_v itself_o soon_o enough_o of_o that_o oppress_a deluge_n by_o retrude_a its_o valve_n may_v be_v suffocate_v its_o motion_n stop_v and_o the_o vital_a flame_n in_o a_o moment_n extinguish_v for_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o health_n the_o blood_n be_v not_o admit_v into_o the_o heart_n beyond_o a_o certain_a proportion_n nor_o can_v that_o proportion_n be_v much_o exceed_v whatever_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o make_v a_o apertio_fw-la portarum_fw-la there_o without_o manifest_a danger_n of_o life_n laughter_n among_o the_o sign_n of_o this_o delightful_a passion_n
natural_a history_n of_o the_o passion_n mihi_fw-la crede_fw-la qui_fw-la nihil_fw-la agere_fw-la videntur_fw-la majora_n agunt_fw-la humana_fw-la divinaque_fw-la simul_fw-la tractant_fw-la seneca_n epist._n 8._o in_o the_o savoy_n print_v by_o t._n n._n for_o james_n magnes_n in_o russell-street_n near_o the_o piazza_n in_o convent-garden_n 1674._o epistle_n prefatory_n to_o a_o person_n of_o honour_n friend_n to_o the_o author_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d exercetur_fw-la ad_fw-la virtutem_fw-la in_o solitudine_fw-la anima_fw-la be_v the_o the_o say_n of_o a_o bragman_n or_o indian_a philosopher_n to_o alexander_n the_o the_o great_a and_o how_o memorable_a it_o be_v you_o may_v perhaps_o collect_v from_o this_o diversion_n for_o the_o imperfect_a discourse_n i_o herewith_o send_v to_o you_o my_o dear_a friend_n concern_v the_o passion_n be_v the_o product_n of_o my_o late_a ten_o week_n solitude_n in_o the_o country_n where_o be_v remote_a from_o my_o library_n and_o want_v conversation_n with_o learned_a man_n i_o know_v not_o how_o more_o innocent_o to_o shorten_v the_o winter_n evening_n than_o by_o spend_v they_o in_o revise_v some_o philosophical_a paper_n of_o my_o own_o wherein_o among_o other_o thing_n i_o have_v former_o out_o of_o the_o best_a author_n make_v certain_a collection_n concern_v the_o divine_a art_n of_o acquire_v constant_a tranquillity_n of_o mind_n by_o wisdom_n or_o the_o right_a use_n of_o reason_n and_o of_o this_o serious_a diversion_n i_o then_o make_v choice_n both_o because_o i_o well_o understand_v the_o best_a part_n of_o human_a science_n to_o be_v that_o which_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o moderate_v our_o affection_n to_o the_o deceitful_a and_o transitory_a thing_n of_o this_o life_n and_o so_o to_o regulate_v our_o action_n as_o to_o reap_v from_o they_o whatever_o their_o event_n may_v be_v the_o happy_a fruit_n of_o internal_a acquiescence_n and_o satisfaction_n and_o because_o my_o accumulate_v misfortune_n have_v at_o that_o time_n reduce_v i_o to_o a_o necessity_n of_o consult_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n about_o the_o most_o effectual_a remedy_n against_o discontent_n in_o this_o state_n and_o resolution_n then_o first_o i_o remember_v that_o nature_n have_v make_v man_n subject_a to_o no_o other_o real_a evil_n but_o only_a pain_n of_o the_o body_n all_o grief_n or_o pain_n of_o the_o mind_n though_o many_o time_n more_o sharp_a and_o intolerable_a be_v create_v by_o our_o own_o false_a opinion_n that_o we_o stand_v in_o want_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o truth_n without_o the_o circle_n of_o ourselves_o and_o therefore_o not_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o our_o well-being_n then_o i_o consider_v that_o most_o common_o false_a opinion_n be_v occasion_v and_o so_o exorbitant_a desire_v suggest_v to_o we_o by_o our_o passion_n upon_o which_o all_o the_o good_a and_o evil_a incident_a to_o we_o in_o this_o life_n seem_v to_o depend_v as_o joy_n and_o grief_n be_v the_o two_o point_n in_o which_o all_o human_a action_n end_n for_o though_o it_o be_v undoubted_o true_a that_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n have_v her_o intellectual_a delight_n and_o disquiet_v apart_o such_o as_o be_v proper_a to_o her_o simple_a and_o spiritual_a nature_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o less_o true_a that_o those_o other_o delight_n and_o disquiet_n that_o be_v common_a to_o she_o with_o the_o body_n depend_v entire_o upon_o the_o affection_n which_o when_o regular_a that_o be_v moderate_v and_o direct_v by_o reason_n be_v indeed_o of_o good_a use_n to_o the_o soul_n in_o that_o they_o serve_v to_o incite_v she_o to_o desire_v such_o object_n which_o she_o well_o know_v to_o be_v pleasant_a and_o beneficial_a to_o she_o and_o to_o persist_v in_o that_o desire_n but_o when_o irregular_a by_o represent_v as_o realy_a good_a thing_n that_o be_v so_o only_o in_o appearance_n provoke_v she_o to_o erroneous_a desire_n and_o in_o pursuit_n of_o they_o to_o action_n also_o repugnant_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n and_o consequent_o to_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o mind_n from_o these_o cogitation_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a for_o i_o to_o infer_v that_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o attain_v unto_o that_o internal_a serenity_n after_o which_o i_o be_v seek_v consist_v principaly_a in_o direct_v our_o desire_n aright_o that_o be_v to_o thing_n which_o we_o clear_o and_o distinct_o know_v to_o be_v rea_o good_a and_o that_o the_o only_a way_n so_o to_o direct_v our_o desire_n be_v to_o employ_v our_o understanding_n or_o faculty_n of_o discern_v which_o god_n have_v to_o that_o end_n give_v we_o strict_o and_o attentive_o to_o examine_v and_o consider_v the_o goodness_n of_o thing_n recommend_v to_o we_o by_o our_o passion_n before_o we_o determine_v our_o will_n to_o affect_v and_o pursue_v they_o for_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o as_o our_o faculty_n of_o discern_v that_o be_v our_o intellect_n can_v natura_o tend_v to_o falsity_n so_o neither_o can_v our_o faculty_n of_o assent_v that_o be_v our_o will_n be_v deceive_v when_o it_o be_v determine_v only_o upon_o object_n which_o we_o clear_o and_o distinct_o understand_v and_o where_o our_o will_n be_v not_o misplace_v there_o can_v be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o perturbation_n of_o mind_n be_v soon_o convince_v of_o this_o no_o less_o evident_a than_o important_a verity_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o consider_v that_o if_o our_o inordinate_a affection_n be_v the_o bitter_a fountain_n from_o whence_o the_o great_a part_n of_o if_o not_o all_o our_o practical_a error_n and_o by_o consequence_n most_o of_o the_o evil_n we_o suffer_v flow_v and_o if_o as_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o body_n so_o likewise_o those_o of_o the_o mind_n may_v be_v more_o easy_o cure_v when_o their_o nature_n and_o cause_n be_v understand_v then_o will_v it_o be_v requisite_a for_o i_o first_o to_o inquire_v as_o far_o as_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a into_o the_o nature_n cause_n motion_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o passion_n before_o i_o proceed_v further_o in_o my_o research_n after_o the_o most_o powerful_a remedy_n against_o their_o excess_n to_o this_o inquiry_n therefore_o i_o diligent_o apply_v myself_o both_o by_o read_v and_o meditation_n by_o read_v that_o i_o may_v recall_v into_o my_o memory_n what_o i_o have_v long_o before_o transcribe_v out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o such_o author_n who_o have_v write_v judicious_o and_o laudable_o of_o the_o passion_n by_o meditation_n that_o i_o may_v examine_v the_o weight_n of_o what_o i_o read_v by_o compare_v it_o with_o what_o i_o daily_o observe_v within_o the_o theatre_n of_o my_o own_o breast_n every_o man_n live_v be_v naturaly_a so_o sensible_a of_o the_o various_a commotion_n happen_v in_o various_a passion_n especial_o more_o violent_a one_o that_o some_o have_v hold_v the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o nature_n and_o cause_n may_v be_v without_o much_o of_o difficulty_n derive_v from_o thence_o alone_o without_o any_o help_n from_o foreign_a observation_n and_o while_o i_o proceed_v in_o this_o course_n i_o digest_v my_o collection_n and_o private_a sentiment_n into_o such_o a_o order_n or_o method_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o convenient_a aswell_o to_o show_v their_o genuine_a succession_n and_o mutual_a dependence_n as_o to_o make_v the_o antecedent_n support_v the_o consequent_n and_o both_o to_o illustrate_v each_o other_o reciprocaly_a i_o put_v they_o also_o into_o a_o dress_n of_o language_n so_o plain_a and_o familiar_a as_o may_v alone_o evince_v my_o design_n be_v to_o write_v of_o this_o argument_n neither_o as_o a_o orator_n nor_o as_o a_o moral_a philosopher_n but_o only_o as_o a_o natural_a one_o conversant_a in_o pathology_n and_o that_o too_o more_o for_o his_o own_o private_a satisfaction_n than_o the_o instruction_n of_o other_o and_o thus_o have_v i_o succinct_o acquaint_v you_o with_o the_o occasion_n subject_a scope_n and_o style_n of_o the_o treatise_n that_o deny_v this_o epistle_n but_o this_o noble_a sir_n be_v not_o all_o whereof_o i_o ought_v to_o advertise_v you_o before_o you_o come_v to_o open_v the_o treatise_n itself_o there_o remain_v yet_o two_o or_o three_o thing_n more_o which_o it_o import_v i_o to_o offer_v to_o your_o notice_n as_o preparative_n against_o prejudice_n one_o be_v that_o if_o in_o the_o preliminary_n part_n of_o the_o discourse_n where_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o investigate_v the_o subjectum_fw-la primarium_fw-la of_o the_o passion_n i_o have_v declare_v my_o assent_n to_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o in_o every_o individual_a man_n there_o be_v two_o distinct_a soul_n coexistent_n conjoin_v and_o cooperate_a one_o only_o rational_a by_o which_o he_o be_v make_v a_o reasonable_a creature_n the_o other_o sensitive_a by_o virtue_n whereof_o he_o participate_v also_o of_o life_n and_o sense_n i_o do_v so_o chief_o for_o these_o two_o reason_n first_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o unintelligible_a how_o a_o agent_n incorporeal_a but_o not_o infinite_a
be_v interrupt_v be_v force_v to_o undergo_v irregular_a flood_n and_o ebb_n and_o other_o violent_a fluctuation_n but_o the_o animal_n spirit_n also_o impel_v to_o and_o fro_o in_o a_o tumultuous_a manner_n cause_n great_a disorder_n in_o the_o function_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n yea_o more_o by_o their_o exorbitant_a manner_n of_o influx_n into_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o lung_n they_o move_v they_o irregular_o and_o so_o contribute_v to_o render_v the_o course_n of_o the_o blood_n yet_o more_o unequal_a nor_o do_v the_o tempest_n stop_v here_o it_o extend_v sometime_o also_o to_o other_o humour_n of_o the_o body_n to_o the_o solid_a part_n and_o member_n of_o it_o and_o even_o to_o the_o discomposure_n of_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n herself_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n be_v easy_o observable_a in_o sleep_n indifferent_a when_o the_o spirit_n be_v bind_v up_o or_o at_o least_o at_o rest_n and_o very_o often_o also_o when_o we_o be_v awake_a namely_o whensoever_o the_o object_n affect_v the_o sense_n or_o create_v in_o the_o imagination_n appear_v to_o import_v neither_o good_a nor_o evil_a to_o we_o and_o we_o be_v no_o further_o concern_v than_o bare_o to_o apprehend_v and_o know_v they_o for_o than_o they_o smooth_o and_o calm_o slide_v into_o the_o common_a sensory_a and_o imagination_n and_o soon_o pass_v away_o without_o any_o the_o least_o disquiet_a or_o commotion_n of_o the_o appetite_n passion_n the_o perturbation_n of_o it_o be_v as_o easy_o manifest_v in_o all_o the_o passion_n which_o be_v the_o consequent_n of_o desire_n or_o of_o aversation_n for_o when_o any_o object_n be_v represent_v under_o the_o appearance_n of_o good_a or_o evil_n to_o we_o in_o particular_a instant_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n be_v move_v to_o embrace_v or_o avoid_v it_o and_o employ_v not_o only_o the_o animal_n spirit_n her_o emissary_n but_o the_o blood_n also_o and_o other_o humour_n universal_o diffuse_v through_o the_o body_n and_o even_o the_o solid_a part_n too_o as_o instrument_n to_o effect_v her_o design_n more_o plain_o when_o the_o imagination_n conceive_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v embrace_v as_o good_a or_o avoid_v as_o evil_a present_o by_o the_o spirit_n reside_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o range_v as_o it_o be_v into_o order_n the_o appetite_n be_v form_v and_o then_o the_o impression_n be_v transmit_v to_o the_o heart_n according_a as_o that_o be_v contract_v or_o dilate_a the_o blood_n be_v impel_v and_o force_v to_o various_a fluctuation_n and_o irregular_a motion_n and_o thence_o the_o appetite_n be_v by_o instinct_n transmit_v to_o the_o nerve_n ordain_v for_o that_o use_n they_o cause_v motion_n of_o the_o solid_a part_n respective_a thereunto_o and_o this_o we_o may_v conjecture_v to_o be_v the_o order_n of_o motion_n excite_v successive_o in_o the_o phantasy_n spirit_n blood_n and_o solid_a part_n in_o every_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o what_o sort_n soever_o nor_o can_v it_o indeed_o sink_v into_o my_o dull_a head_n by_o what_o other_o mean_n of_o mutual_a intercourse_n beside_o such_o a_o quick_a transmission_n of_o spirit_n first_o from_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o praecordia_fw-la and_o thence_o back_o again_o to_o the_o brain_n by_o nerve_n to_o that_o end_n extend_v betwixt_o those_o source_n of_o life_n and_o sense_n the_o great_a and_o speedy_a commerce_n in_o all_o passion_n observe_v to_o be_v maintain_v between_o they_o can_v be_v effect_v expansion_n but_o however_o this_o admirable_a commerce_n may_v be_v otherwise_o explain_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o we_o to_o conceive_v that_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n when_o put_v into_o this_o state_n of_o perturbation_n do_v strange_o vary_v her_o posture_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o motion_n cause_v in_o she_o and_o though_o that_o diversity_n be_v very_o great_a yet_o that_o in_o all_o perturbation_n whatever_o she_o be_v more_o or_o less_o amplify_v so_o as_o to_o swell_v beyond_o her_o ordinary_a bound_n or_o more_o or_o less_o contract_v within_o herself_o so_o as_o to_o be_v less_o extense_fw-la or_o diffuse_v than_o usual_o she_o be_v at_o other_o time_n in_o her_o state_n of_o tranquillity_n as_o will_v be_v exemplify_v in_o all_o the_o passion_n we_o design_v particular_o to_o describe_v mean_o while_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o sometime_o she_o be_v affect_v with_o joy_n or_o pride_n and_o as_o it_o be_v exult_v above_o measure_n do_v advance_v and_o expand_v herself_o as_o if_o she_o strive_v to_o be_v great_a and_o to_o stretch_v her_o grandeur_n beyond_o the_o narrow_a limit_n of_o the_o body_n whereupon_o the_o animal_n spirit_n be_v respective_o commove_v in_o the_o brain_n enlarge_v the_o sphere_n of_o their_o irradiation_n and_o by_o a_o more_o abundant_a influx_n vigorous_o agitate_v the_o praecordia_fw-la or_o vital_a part_n so_o force_v the_o blood_n to_o flow_v more_o copious_o into_o all_o part_n and_o to_o diffuse_v itself_o more_o free_o and_o speedy_o through_o the_o whole_a body_n on_o the_o contrary_a sometime_o be_v surprise_v with_o grief_n or_o fear_v she_o contract_v herself_o into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n so_o that_o shrink_v up_o to_o a_o scantling_n less_o than_o her_o usual_a circuit_n of_o emanation_n she_o become_v of_o too_o small_a a_o size_n vigorous_o to_o actuate_v the_o body_n as_o she_o ought_v whence_o the_o animal_n faculty_n droop_v as_o it_o be_v perform_v their_o action_n either_o slow_o and_o weak_o or_o perverse_o and_o the_o praecordia_fw-la want_v their_o due_a influx_n of_o spirit_n almost_o flag_n suffer_v the_o blood_n to_o remain_v in_o their_o conduit_n long_o than_o it_o ought_v even_o to_o danger_n of_o stagnation_n and_o consequent_o of_o sudden_a death_n these_o two_o contrary_a motion_n therefore_o of_o contraction_n and_o expansion_n i_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o two_o general_a one_o to_o which_o all_o the_o various_a posture_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n when_o she_o be_v perturb_v may_v be_v commodious_o refer_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o consider_v she_o to_o be_v exact_o like_o a_o flame_n and_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o like_a accidental_a mutation_n that_o she_o be_v not_o natural_o capable_a of_o other_o beside_o these_o and_o that_o how_o great_a soever_o the_o variety_n of_o such_o her_o mutation_n may_v be_v in_o the_o vast_a diversity_n of_o passion_n yet_o they_o be_v all_o but_o several_a degree_n particular_a and_o divers_a mode_n of_o either_o her_o extension_n or_o contraction_n this_o be_v then_o suppose_v i_o proceed_v to_o the_o first_o and_o general_a cause_n of_o all_o passion_n where_o i_o observe_v first_o what_o be_v only_o hint_v a_o little_a afore_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o simple_a representation_n of_o good_a or_o evil_n in_o any_o object_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o be_v that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v commotion_n in_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n for_o we_o usualy_a without_o perturbation_n behold_v the_o prosperous_a or_o adverse_a event_n befalling_a other_o man_n no_o way_n relate_v to_o we_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v further_o require_v to_o the_o move_a our_o affection_n that_o the_o good_a or_o evil_n apprehend_v be_v by_o we_o conceive_v to_o concern_v ourselves_o in_o particular_a or_o our_o friend_n at_o least_o and_o near_a relation_n who_o in_o this_o case_n be_v part_n of_o ourselves_o second_o that_o even_o that_o good_a or_o evil_n wherein_o a_o man_n conceive_v himself_o to_o be_v concern_v be_v not_o always_o apprehend_v by_o he_o under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o ration_n or_o aspect_n but_o various_o aswell_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o object_n itself_o as_o of_o the_o subject_a to_o which_o it_o do_v more_o peculiarly_a and_o immediate_o appertain_v of_o the_o divers_a ration_n under_o which_o one_o and_o the_o same_o object_n good_a or_o evil_n may_v be_v apprehend_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n respective_o to_o the_o various_a circumstance_n thereof_o we_o shall_v more_o opportune_o speak_v anon_o and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o respect_v the_o subject_a or_o man_n apprehend_v it_o be_v worthy_a our_o serious_a remark_n moral_a that_o all_o good_a or_o evil_a represent_v to_o man_n do_v concern_v the_o sensitive_a soul_n either_o as_o she_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o body_n and_o abstract_n from_o all_o relation_n or_o as_o she_o be_v intimate_o conjoin_v to_o the_o body_n and_o interress_v therein_o or_o final_o as_o she_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o rational_a soul_n for_o though_o every_o affect_v or_o passion_n be_v found_v in_o the_o corporeal_a soul_n yet_o it_o always_o respect_v the_o good_a or_o evil_n of_o one_o or_o other_o of_o these_o three_o subject_n and_o be_v first_o raise_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o this_o that_o or_o the_o other_o wherefore_o according_a to_o this_o triple_a relation_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n all_o passion_n incident_a thereto_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v either_o physical_a or_o metaphysical_a or_o
yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o this_o discourage_a affect_n there_o be_v also_o some_o mixture_n of_o grief_n or_o secret_a regret_n proceed_v from_o apprehension_n of_o dispraise_n because_o be_v ever_o accompany_v with_o inward_a displeasure_n at_o the_o defect_n or_o fault_n uncircumspect_o discover_v it_o cool_v or_o damp_n the_o spirit_n teach_v more_o wariness_n for_o the_o future_a the_o contrary_a to_o this_o be_v impudence_n which_o be_v contempt_n of_o shame_n yea_o and_o oftentimes_o of_o glory_n too_o but_o because_o there_o be_v in_o we_o no_o special_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o heart_n that_o may_v excite_v imprudence_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o passion_n but_o a_o certain_a vice_n opposite_a to_o shame_n and_o to_o glory_n also_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o be_v both_o good_a and_o laudable_a as_o ingratitude_n be_v oppose_v to_o gratitude_n and_o cruelty_n to_o commiseration_n and_o the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o vicious_a insensibility_n of_o honour_n be_v found_v in_o grievous_a contumely_n to_o which_o a_o man_n have_v be_v accustom_v in_o former_a time_n and_o which_o he_o by_o degree_n come_v to_o despise_v as_o of_o no_o force_n to_o hinder_v his_o enjoyment_n of_o commodity_n belong_v to_o his_o body_n whereby_o he_o measure_v all_o good_a and_o evil_n thereby_o free_v himself_o from_o many_o necessity_n and_o straits_n to_o which_o honour_n will_v have_v oblige_v he_o this_o therefore_o be_v no_o passion_n we_o be_v not_o concern_v here_o further_o to_o consider_v it_o but_o as_o for_o pride_n and_o dejection_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_a vice_n but_o passion_n too_o also_o be_v evident_a enough_o from_o the_o commotion_n of_o the_o spirit_n and_o blood_n that_o discover_v itself_o outward_o in_o man_n surprise_v by_o they_o upon_o any_o new_a and_o sudden_a occasion_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o generosity_n also_o and_o humility_n for_o notwithstanding_o their_o motion_n be_v less_o quick_a and_o conspicuous_a and_o that_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o less_o of_o convenience_n or_o fellowship_n betwixt_o virtue_n and_o passion_n than_o between_o passion_n and_o vice_n yet_o no_o reason_n appear_v why_o the_o same_o motion_n that_o serve_v to_o confirm_v a_o conception_n that_o be_v ill_o ground_v may_v not_o serve_v likewise_o to_o confirm_v the_o same_o conception_n though_o itbe_n well_o ground_v and_o because_o pride_n and_o generosity_n consist_v equaly_a in_o self-esteem_a differ_v only_o in_o the_o injustice_n and_o justice_n thereof_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o passion_n origina_o excite_v by_o a_o certain_a motion_n not_o simple_a but_o compose_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o admiration_n joy_n and_o love_n aswell_o that_o love_n which_o be_v conceive_v for_o ones-self_n as_o that_o for_o the_o thing_n which_o make_v one_o to_o value_v himself_o as_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o motion_n that_o cause_v humility_n whether_o it_o be_v virtuous_a or_o vicious_a seem_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o admiration_n grief_n and_o self-love_n mix_v with_o hatred_n of_o the_o defect_n that_o give_v occasion_n to_o one_o to_o conceive_v a_o mean_a opinion_n of_o himself_o now_o what_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n or_o sensitive_a soul_n that_o produce_v admiration_n and_o pride_n we_o have_v former_o declare_v and_o as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v proper_a to_o each_o of_o the_o other_o passion_n already_o consider_v they_o remain_v to_o be_v particular_o describe_v in_o their_o due_a place_n ¶_o hatred_n as_o admiration_n the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o passion_n arise_v in_o the_o soul_n before_o she_o have_v consider_v whether_o the_o thing_n represent_v to_o she_o be_v good_a and_o convenient_a to_o she_o or_o not_o so_o after_o she_o have_v judge_v it_o to_o be_v good_a instant_o there_o be_v raise_v in_o she_o the_o most_o agreeable_a and_o complacent_fw-la of_o all_o passion_n love_n and_o when_o she_o have_v conceive_v the_o same_o to_o be_v evil_a she_o be_v as_o quick_o move_v to_o hatred_n for_o love_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o propension_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o that_o thing_n which_o promise_v pleasure_n or_o good_a to_o she_o and_o hatred_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o soul_n aversation_n from_o that_o which_o threaten_v pain_n or_o grief_n by_o the_o word_n propension_n here_o use_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o cupidity_n or_o desire_n which_o be_v in_o truth_n a_o distinct_a passion_n proceed_v from_o love_n and_o always_o respect_v the_o future_a but_o will_v or_o consent_n by_o which_o we_o consider_v ourselves_o as_o already_o join_v to_o the_o thing_n love_v by_o a_o certain_a conception_n of_o ourselves_o to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o part_n thereof_o as_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o aversation_n or_o hate_n we_o consider_v ourselves_o as_o entire_o separate_v from_o the_o thing_n hate_v according_a to_o these_o two_o opposite_a notion_n define_v i_o shall_v define_v love_n to_o be_v a_o commotion_n of_o the_o soul_n produce_v by_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o incit_v she_o to_o join_v herself_o by_o her_o will_n to_o object_n that_o appear_v convenient_a and_o grateful_a to_o she_o and_o hatred_n to_o be_v a_o commotion_n produce_v by_o the_o spirit_n that_o incit_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v separate_v from_o object_n that_o be_v represent_v to_o she_o as_o ungrateful_a and_o hurtful_a of_o love_n there_o be_v make_v by_o the_o school_n two_o sort_n concupiscence_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v common_o call_v amor_fw-la benevolentiae_fw-la love_n of_o benevolence_n or_o goodwill_n whereby_o we_o be_v incite_v to_o wish_v well_o to_o the_o thing_n we_o love_v the_o other_o amor_fw-la concupiscentiae_fw-la which_o cause_v we_o to_o desire_v to_o enjoy_v or_o possess_v the_o object_n love_v but_o this_o distinction_n if_o consider_v without_o prejudice_n will_v be_v find_v to_o concern_v only_o the_o effect_n of_o love_n not_o the_o essence_n of_o it_o for_o so_o soon_o as_o a_o man_n have_v in_o will_n join_v himself_o to_o a_o object_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o it_o be_v he_o be_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n carry_v towards_o it_o by_o benevolence_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o plain_o he_o in_o will_n also_o adjoin_v thereunto_o what_o thing_n he_o believe_v conducible_a to_o the_o good_a thereof_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principle_n effect_n of_o love_n but_o do_v not_o infer_v a_o different_a species_n of_o it_o and_o the_o same_o object_n if_o it_o be_v judge_v good_a to_o be_v possess_v or_o to_o be_v join_v to_o the_o soul_n in_o another_o manner_n than_o by_o the_o will_v alone_o be_v instant_o desire_v which_o also_o ought_v to_o be_v account_v among_o the_o more_o frequent_a effect_n of_o love_n whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o desire_v connex_v to_o love_n be_v benevolence_n as_o connex_v with_o hate_n it_o be_v malevolence_n or_o ill_a will_n i_o add_v that_o as_o amity_n or_o friendship_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o constancy_n of_o love_n so_o enmity_n nothing_o but_o constancy_n of_o hatred_n estimation_n if_o then_o you_o seek_v for_o a_o more_o genuine_a distinction_n of_o love_n i_o know_v not_o how_o better_a to_o gratify_v your_o curiosity_n than_o by_o entertain_v it_o with_o that_o deliver_v by_o the_o most_o excellent_a mounseur_fw-fr des_fw-mi cartes_n in_o his_o book_n concern_v the_o passion_n which_o i_o will_v therefore_o faithful_o recite_v love_n say_v he_o may_v in_o my_o judgement_n be_v with_o good_a reason_n distinguish_v by_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o esteem_n we_o have_v of_o the_o thing_n love_v for_o when_o a_o man_n have_v less_o esteem_n for_o a_o object_n than_o for_o himself_o and_o yet_o love_v it_o his_o love_n be_v no_o more_o but_o simple_a propension_n or_o benevolence_n when_o as_o much_o as_o for_o himself_o it_o be_v amity_n or_o friendship_n when_o great_a than_o for_o himself_o it_o may_v be_v call_v devotion_n by_o the_o first_o a_o flower_n a_o bird_n a_o horse_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v love_v by_o the_o second_o no_o man_n of_o understanding_n can_v love_v any_o thing_n but_o man_n who_o be_v so_o proper_o the_o object_n of_o this_o passion_n that_o one_o can_v hardly_o be_v find_v so_o imperfect_a but_o he_o may_v be_v conjoin_v to_o another_o in_o the_o most_o perfect_a bond_n of_o friendship_n if_o that_o other_o conceive_v himself_o to_o be_v true_o and_o sincere_o belove_v by_o he_o and_o think_v he_o to_o have_v a_o soul_n true_o noble_a and_o generous_a and_o as_o for_o the_o last_o devotion_n indeed_o the_o principal_a object_n thereof_o be_v god_n almighty_a towards_o who_o there_o be_v no_o man_n live_v who_o consider_v as_o he_o ought_v the_o incomprehensible_a perfection_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n but_o must_v be_v devote_v for_o as_o seneca_n deum_fw-la colit_fw-la qui_fw-la novit_fw-la yet_o there_o